Using one or more examples, explain "emic" and "etic" concepts.

Context: The sociocultural level of analysis is based on the argument that human behavior can really only be understood if the social context in which it occurred is taken into account. The four principles that shape the sociocultural level of analysis are, 1) humans are social animals and thus have a need to belong, 2) culture influences behavior, 3) as humans are social animals, they have a social self and 4) peoples views of the world are resistant to change. Command term: The command term explain requires a detailed account including reasons or causes. Definition of key terms: Emic approach looks at behaviors that are culturally specific. Etic approaches are typically taken within cross-cultural psychology where behavior is compared across specific cultures. Emic research studies focus on one culture in order to understand culture-specific behavior. The focus is on the norms, values, motives and customs of the members of that culture in order for psychologists to be able to study behavior through the eyes of the people who live in that culture. Study 1, Bartlett (1932) mentioned the extraordinary ability of Swazi herdsmen to recall individual characteristics of their cattle. He explained that the Swazi culture revolves around the possession and care of cattle and it is important for people to recognize their animals because this is part of their fortune Etic research is performed cross-culturally in order to better understand what could be universal in human behavior. The purpose is to compare and contrast between cultural phenomena to learn whether phenomena are culture-specific or universal. Study 2, Mead (1935) compared gender roles in three New Guinean tribes She argued that masculine and feminine roles are not related to biology but gender role ideology. Cultural differences in gender roles are more likely to reflect cultural expectations than biology. Findings Arapesh tribe Mundugumor tribe Tchambuli tribe Both men and women Both men and women Men were interested in were cooperative, were arrogant, body adornments and gentle, and loving (a competitive, and spent their time traditional stereotype of emotionally gossiping with other female traits). unresponsive (a men ( a traditional traditional stereotype of female stereotype). Men and women male traits). They were cooperated in tasks Women were

relating to crops and children.

constantly quarelling. Neither men nor women were interested in children. The children quickly became independent and this trait was highly valued in the tribe.

responsible for food production, tool making, and producing clothes.

Conclusion: Both emic and etic approaches are extremely necessary to deduce what is common amongst cultures.