Passive Optical Networks - Princ - Cedric F. Lam - En.vi PDF

Mng quang th ng
Trang ny c trng
Mng quang th ng
Nguyn tc v thc hnh
Cedrc F. LAM
AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON
NEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SAN DIEGO
SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO
Hoc Bo ch mt dau an cua Esever
Nhan hoc tp trong mt dau an cua Esever
30 doanh nghp Drve, Sute 400, Burngton, MA 01803, Hoa Ky
525 B Street, Sute 1900, San Dego, Caforna 92.101-4.495, Hoa Ky
84 Theobad cua Road, London WCIX 8RR, Vuong quc Anh
Cun sch ny uoc n trn gay axt mn ph.
Ouyen tc g 2007, Esever Inc Tat c cc quyen.
Khng c phn no cua an phm ny c th uoc sao chp hoac truyen du mo hnh thc hoac bng bat ky phuong tn, n tu
hoac co kh, bao gom c photocopy, gh m, hoac bat ky thng tn uu tr v h thng phc ho,
m khng c s cho php bng van bn cua nh xuat bn.
Ouyen c th uoc tm kem trc tep t Cc Ouyen Khoa hoc & Cng ngh Esever trong
Oxford, Vuong quc Anh n tho (44) 1865 843.830, fax (44) 1865 853.333, E-ma permssons@esever.com.
Bn cng c th hon thnh yu cu cua bn trc tuyen thng qua trang chu Esever (http / / esever.com), bo
chon'' H tro & Ln h v'' then'' Bn quyen v Ouyen'' v'' sau Lay Ouyen.''
Thu vn Ouc h mc trong d u bn
Lam, Cedrc F
Mng quang th ng: cc nguyn tc v thc hnh / Cedrc F. Lm
p. cm.
Bao gom t u tham kho thu t}ch v ch mc.
ISBN-13: 978-0-12-373853-0 (ak. gay)
ISBN-10: 0-12-373853-9
1. Truyen thng quang hoc. 2. Ouang n tu. I. Tu e.
TK5103.59.L36 2007
621,382 '7-dc22
Anh Thu vn Bn mc trong bn d u
Mt k c danh mc cho cun sch ny c san t Thu vn Anh
ISBN: 978-0-12-373853-0
bet thng tn trn tat c cc an phm Academc Press
truy cp vo trang web cua chng t t www.books.esever.com
In t Hoa Ky
07 08 09 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
2
1
2007035594
cha me t, khng bao g cn cho ho
tnh yu v s ng vn
Cedrc F. Lm
Trang ny c trng
N dung
Danh sch cc t vet tt
Danh mc cc hnh
Danh sch cc bng
Lo tua
L cm on
Danh sch ng gp
1
G thu
Cedrc F. Lm
L}ch su cua bang thng rng mng truy nhp v PON
1.1.1 Dgta Subscrber Lne (DSL)
1.1.2 Cabe Modem
1.1.3 H thng truy cp cp
1.1.4 Ethernet
1.1.5 WDM trong mng truy cp quang
1.1.6 ng dng ker
1.2 cn nhc knh te trong pht trn PON
1.2.1 Bao nhu bang thng u
1.2.2 Chnh sch v Ouy che nh huong
1.2.3 Nhng n c tu chun
1.2.4 cn nhc ch ph
1.3 T chc cua Sch
T u tham kho
2
PON Ken trc xt
Cedrc F. Lm
2.1
2.2
2.3
FTTx Tng quan
TDM-PON vs WDM-PON
H thng truyen dn quang
2.3.1 quang
2.3.2 Phn tn Chromatc
2.3.3 so mat
1.1
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XXXVII
XXXIX
XLI
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v
v
N dung
2.3.4 Ha cheu truyen
2.3.5 Buc sng Dvson Dupex
2.4 Chen uoc Power-Tch trong mt TDM-PON
2.4.1 Ken trc Tch
2.4.2 T cha nh fe
2.5 Tu chun Thuong m TMD-PON co so h tng
2.5.1 OLT v ON cau trc
2.5.2 Burst Mode hot ng v Khc nhau
2.5.3 C-Band Anaog CATV tn hu Overay
2.5.4 M quan tm an nnh trong Power-Cha PON
2,6 APON / BPON v G-PON
2.6.1 ATM-PON v IT-T G.983
2.6.2 Coson Ngh} quyet trong APON / G-PON
2.6.3 Buc sng Overay trong APON / G-PON
2.6.4 G-PON v IT-T G.984
2.6.5 APON / G-PON bo v chuyn mch
2.7 EPON
2.7.1 Phn tn Ethernet Ken trc v EPON
2.7.2 EPON PMD p
2.7.3 Burst Mode hot ng v Loop Tmng trong EPON
2.7.4 PCS Layer v Forward Error Correcton
2.7.5 Ethernet Framng
2.7.6 a Contro Protoco (MPCP)
2.7.7 Pont-to-Pont th ua (P2PE) trong EPON
2.7.8 EPON m ha v bo v
2.7.9 Ethernet OAM p con
2,8 G-PON v EPON So snh
2.9 Su PON
2.10 WDM-PON
2.10.1 Nhng thun o v thch thc cua WDM-PON
2.10.2 dn trn Wavegude Sn u (AWG) Router
2.10.3 Bng pht hnh th ua v Pont-to-Pont hot ng
2.10.4 2-Pons-trong-1
2.10.5 WDM-on-WDM
2.10.6 La WDM / TDM-PON
2.10.7 Nhn so thc vt hu ch bo WDM
2.11 Tm tt
T u tham kho
3
Cng ngh quang hoc trong th ng truy cp mng quang
Eane Wong
3.1
3.2
G thu
Cng ngh quang hoc trong thc vt ngo th ng
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N dung
x
Phng Lghtwave Crcut (PLC) da trn quang
n Sptter
3.2.2 dn trn Wavegude Sn u
3.3 PON Cng ngh p at trong nh
3.3.1 Dng h v ket n trong nh
3.3.2 so cho p at trong nh
3,4 Transmtter nguon tn thu bao mat bng
3.4.1 G thu
3.4.2 Buc sng-c th ONs
3.4.3 khng mu ONs
3.4.4 ONs Nguon mn ph Da trn buc sng su dng
e n
3.5 Tm tt
T u tham kho
4
Thu pht cho Passve Optca Networks
Yongmao Frank Chang v Badr Gomatam
4.1
G thu
4.1.1 B cnh }ch su
4.1.2 PON Transcever ten ha
Yu cu h thng PON
4.2.1 H thng PON Ngn sch n v Thng s k thut
4.2.2 Vt -Layer Thng s k thut
4.2.3 Yu cu PON Burst-Mode Th gan
Cng ngh thu pht
4.3.1 Thu Xy Dng
4.3.2 Pht quang v nhn thet b}
4.3.3 Ha cheu quang Subassemby (BOSA)
4.3.4 PON Transcever Modue
n tu burst-mode
4.4.1 thung vs Burst-Mode d u
4.4.2 Burst-Mode Transmtter (BM Tx)
4.4.3 Burst-Mode Recever (BM Rx)
Gm st thu k thut s-Chn on
4.5.1 M-un Thng s gm st
4.5.2 so OTDR Gm st
PON thu pht h thng nh g
4.6.1 G-PON thu pht h thng nh g
4.6.2 My thu pht EPON
3.2.1
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4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
x
N dung
4.6.3 Tc ng cua Anaog CATV Overay
4.7 Tm tt v Outook
T u tham kho
5
Khc nhau, v gao ng bang thng
Nork Mk v Kyom Kumoak
Khc nhau,
5.1.1 Mc ch cua Khc nhau
5.1.2 Khc nhau, Thu tc Tng quan
5.1.3 Khc nhau, Ngh} }nh thu cua G-PON
5.1.4 Khc nhau, Ngh} }nh thu cua EPON
5.2 BW ng (DBA)
5.2.1 DBA Tng quan
5.2.2 D}ch v mc tu
5.2.3 Yu cu cua DBA
5.2.4 km sot gao thng co bn-Far Oueung
5.2.5 IPACT v ben th cua n
5.2.6 C thn DBA
T u tham kho
6
Ken trc bo v cho mng quang th ng
Cavn C. K. Chan
G thu
Cn nhc ve Bo v trong mng quang th ng
6.2.1 Bo v hoac phc ho
6.2.2 Network Topoogy
6.2.3 Mng Lo
6.2.4 T nguyn uoc bo v
6.2.5 that b mt hay nheu
6.2.6 Bo v t ng chuyn mch
6.2.7 hot ng, qun , v qun
6.2.8 gao thng phc ho Th gan
6.2.9 phc tp
6.3 Ken trc Bo v
6.3.1 thung mng quang th ng
6.3.2 WDM th ng Mng quang
6.4 Tm tt
L cm on
T u tham kho
6.1
6.2
5.1
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N dung
x
7
ac tnh quang hoc, chn on, v Gm st hu suat
cho PON
Aan E. Wner v hongq Pan
7.1
7.2
G thu
Km tra mng, m t ac m, v gm st
Thch thc v PON
7.2.1 ac m chnh cua so
7.2.2 ac m v gm st thch thc v PON
7.3 Cc phuong php m t ac m, chn on, v gm st
7.3.1 bt buc vt -p o ung
7.3.2 Co bn thu nghm thet b}
7.3.3 Mng u km tra, m t ac m, v chn on
Hung dn
7.3.4 Mng u Gm st hu suat
7.4 Ket un
L cm on
T u tham kho
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315
Ph c I G-PON PMD ac m
Cc }nh dng MPCPD EPON Ph c II
Ch s
Trang ny c trng
AAL
ADC
ADSL
AGC
AM-VSB
AN
APC
APC
APD
APON
APS
ASE
ASIC
ASK
ATC
ATM
AWG
AWGR
BER
BER
BD
BLS
BLSR
BM
BOH
BOSA
BPF
BPON
BW
CAPEX
CATV
CATV
CDMA
CDR
Lp thch ng ATM
tuong t chuyn k thut s
DSL khng xng
t ng Gan Contro
Bn eu che tho ha Sde Band
Nt truy cp
tep xc vt gc cnh
km sot quyen c t ng
Avaanche Photo-Dode
ATM da trn mng quang th ng
Chuyn mch bo v t ng
pht x t pht uoc khuech
ng dng c th IC
bn chuyn d}ch keyng
km sot ngung t ng
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Dn trn Wavegude Sn u
dn trn-ng dn sng b }nh tuyen u
t bt
T bt
ha cheu
nguon nh sng bang thng rng
B-drectona vng dng chuyn mch
burst-mode
Trn cao Burst
subassemby quang hoc ha cheu
bang qua b oc
bang thng rng mng quang th ng
Bang thng
Ch tu vn
truyen hnh cp
Cng ong Antenna Truyen hnh
Code Dvson Mutpe Access
ong ho v phc ho d u
x
xv
CID
CPAT
CMOS
CMTS
CNR
CO
CRC
CRPAT
CSMA / CD
CW
CWDM
DA
DBA
DBR
DBRu
DFB
DFB
DGD
DMT
DMX
DOCSIS
DOP
DPSK
DRR
DS
DSL
DSLAM
DVB-ASI
DWDM
EDFA
EFM
EMEA
EOL
EPON
ER
ETRI
FA
FBG
FCS
FDM
FEC
xc }nh knh
n tc m hnh thu nghm tter
b sung km o-oxde-bn dn
H thng Cham dt Modem cp
Tu sn bay Nose Rato
van phng trung tm
km tra du tha tun hon
n tc m hnh thu nghm ngu nhn
Carrer Sense Mutpe Access v pht hn va chm
sng n tc
th buc sng phn cha-mutpexng
}a ch ch
BW ng
phn ph Bragg phn x
Bo co bang thng nang ng thuong nguon
thng tn phn ho phn b
dode aser phn ph thng tn phn ho
khc bt ga cc nhm chm tr
R rc Mut-Tone
Demutpexer
D}ch v d u qua cp gao dn k thut
phn cc
ga on khc bt chuyn keyng
Defct Round Robn Lp ke hoch
H uu
ung dy thu bao k thut s
DSL Access Mutpexer
Dgta Vdeo Broadcast-Gao dn n tep khng ong b
buc sng dy ac phn cha ghp
erbum pha tp chat xo khuech
Ethernet cho Frst Me
Chu Au, Trung ng v chu Ph
cu cng cua cuc sng
Ethernet PON
t tuyt chung
n tu v Vn Nghn cu Vn thng
p rp nh vc
so Bragg u
Chu km tra khung
Frequency Dvson Mutpexng
sua
xv
FET
FITL
FP
F-P
FP-LD
FSAN
FSK
FSR
FTTB
FTTC
FTTH
FTTP
FTTx
FWM
GBIC
GCC
GEM
GEM
GE-PON
GFP
GI-POF
GMII
G-PON
GTC
HDSL
HDTV
HEC
HFC
IC
IEEE
IETF
IFG
IP
IPACT
IPTV
ISDN
IT
IT-T
L2
L3
LAN
hu ng trung bn dn
Chat xo trong vng
Fabry-Perot
Ta aser Fabry-Perot
Fabry-Perot dode aser
y u d}ch v mng truy nhp
tn s chuyn keyng
phm v quang ph mn ph
Chat xo-to-the-xy dng
Chat xo-to-the-Curb
cp quang en nh
So ten e
chat xo-to-the-x
bn sng trn
gao dn chuyn ggabt
uoc mch eu khn
Phuong php ng g G-PON
Che ggabt ng g
ggabt Ethernet-PON
Thu tc khung chung chung
cp quang ch s phn o poymer
Ggabt Meda Interface c p
Mng quang th ng ggabt c kh nang
GPON truyen h t
Tc d u cao DSL
truyen hnh nt cao
Tu e km sot
so a ong trc
con chp n tu
Vn K thut n tu v n
Internet Engneerng Task Force
n khong cch khung
Gao thc Internet
Pong xen k v thch ng Th gan chu ky
TV gao thc nternet
Integrated Servces Dgta Network
Ln mnh Vn thng quc te
Ln mnh Vn thng quc te vn thng
Ngnh tu chun ha
Lp 2
Layer-3
mng cc b
xv
LD
LDD
LDS
LED
LFD
LLID
MAC
MEF
MEMS
MFD
MIB
MII
MLM
MMF
MP2MP
MPCP
MPCPD
MPEG
MPMC
MSA
MSB
MSDSL
MSO
MTW
MX
NA
NA
Tep theo
NMS
NR
NSR
NT
NTSC
OADM
OAM
OCDM
OCM
ODN
OE
D
OLT
OLT
dode aser
trnh eu khn aser dode
ga on eu khn bng aser
Lght Emttng Dode
pht hn so sng
Logca Lnk ID
km sot truy cp phuong tn truyen thng
Metro Ethernet Forum
h thng v co n
ung knh nh vc che
Thng tn qun co so
Phuong tn truyen thng gao dn c p
ta aser che a cheu doc
a phuong thc quang
a m en a m
a m Contro Protoco
a Contro Protoco ngy on v}
Moton Pcture Expert Group
a m Meda Access Contro
tha thun a nguon
Bt quan trong nhat
a t xng DSL
Nheu eu hnh d}ch v
Wndow truyen t a
a
khu s
Khng p dng
Gn ket thc nhu xuyn m
H thng qun mng
khng tro ve khng
Bo co Tnh trng khng
cham dt mng
ban H thng truyen hnh quc ga Bc M
add quang hoc / th a
Hot ng, qun , v qun
phn cha m quang hoc a truy nhp
mn hnh knh quang hoc
mng u phn ph quang
Ouang n
kha tm quang
cham dt dng quang
thet b} u cu ung quang
xv
OLTS
OMA
OMCC
OMCI
ONT
au n
OPM
OPS
OPS
ORL
OSA
OSA
OSI
OSNR
OSW
OTDR
OWDR
P2MP
P2P
P2P
P2PE
PAL
PCB
PCBd
PCS
PD
PD
PECL
PHY
PIN
PLC
PLC-ECL
PLM
PLOAM
PLOu
PLP
PLSu
PMD
PMD
PMD
PON
POTS
mat quang km tra thet p
bn eu che quang hoc
Oun ONT v knh eu khn
Oun ONT v gao dn eu khn
cham dt mng quang
on v} mng quang hoc
gm st hu suat quang hoc
c che xung quang
H thng hot ng
mat mt tro quang
phn tch ph quang
subassemby quang
Ken trc h thng mo
t tn hu quang hoc-to-nose
Chuyn quang
men th gan quang phn x / refectometry
buc sng quang hoc refectometry men
pont-to-mutpont
pont-to-pont
Peer-to-Peer
Pont-to-Pont th ua
Ga on thay the dng
bng mch n
Vt Contro Bock h uu
Tu p m vt
photodode
Gao thc d u on v}
tch cc emtter-couped
Lp vt
-cch n m tch cc o my d
mch sng nh sng phng
Ke hoch Lghtwave Crcut ngo khoang c th eu chnh Laser
co che quyen c cn bng
Lp vt OAM
Lp vt trn cao thuong nguon
p vt preampe
n San ap mat bng trnh t nguoc dng
che phn cc phn tn
vt p con va ph thuc
Va vt ph thuc
mng quang th ng
Pan Od Teephone Servce
xv
PRBS
PSP
PS-PON
PTI
OAM
OoS
OPSK
RADSL
RBOC
RF
RFP
RIN
RMS
RN
ROSA
RSOA
RT
RTD
RTT
Rx
R
SA
SCB
SDH
SDSL
SerDes
SFF
SFP
SHR
SLA
SLD
SLED
SMF
SMT
SNR
SOA
SONET
SPM
SR
SRR
STB
STP
chu bt g ngu nhn
cc quc ga chu yeu cua s phn cc
n tch PON
Lo trong t Ch s
Ouadrature Amptude Moduaton
chat uong d}ch v
Vung gc Phase Shft Keyng
T thch ng DSL
Cng ty eu hnh Chung khu vc
tn s v tuyen
Yu cu e xuat
teng on cung tuong
Root Mean Square
nt eu khn t xa
nhn subassemby quang
b khuech bn dn quang hoc phn cheu
Remote Termna
Tr hon vng
Th gan chuyen
thu
tro ve s khng
}a ch nguon
Snge Copy pht sng
Synchronous Dgta Herarchy
DSL xng
seraer / deseraer
nh yeu t hnh thc
nh yeu t hnh thc cng puggabe
Vng t phc ho
Hp }nh d}ch v Cap
Bt u dau phn cch LLID
nh sng superumnescent t pht quang
so on mode
be mat gn ket cng ngh
t tn hu trn nhu
Bn dn khuech quang
Mng quang ong b
eu che t pha
Bo co tnh trng
tn hu nguoc dng v t tn x nguoc Rayegh
Set-Top Box
Spannng Tree Protoco
xx
T-CONT
TCP
TDM
TDMA
TDM-PON
TDP
TFF
TIA
TO-CAN
Tosa
Tx
NI
PSR
M
VC
VCI
VCSEL
VDSL
VFL
VOD
VoIP
VP
VPI
VSB
WCT
WDM
WDMA
WDM-PON
WE-PON
WFO
WGR
XPM
Contaner truyen
Km sot truyen Ngh} }nh thu
phn cha th gan
phn cha th gan truy cp nheu
Th gan phn cha PON
truyen v hnh pht phn tn
b oc mng mng
khuech xuyn tro khng
ong trc Transstor cuong'' can''-o bao b
truyen subassemby quang
pht
Ngu su dng gao dn mng
n-drectona vng con ung chuyn mch
Thuong nguon
o Crcut
o Crcut }nh danh
ta aser be mat pht ra khoang thng ng
Rat cao DSL tc d u
hnh nh }nh v}
Vdeo On Demand
Voce over IP
ung dn o
ung dn o nhn dng
tho ha-bn
buc sng uoc m ha th
buc sng ghp knh phn cha
Buc sng Dvson Mutpe Access
phn cha buc sng ghp mng quang th ng
WDM-PON Ethernet
Weghted Far Oueung
Sn u ng dn sng Router
eu che cho pha
Trang ny c trng
Danh mc cc hnh
Hnh 1.1
Hnh 2.1
Hnh 2.2
Hnh 2.3
Hnh 2.4
Hnh 2.5
Hnh 2.6
Hnh 2.7
Hnh 2.8
Xu hung pht trn cua cng ngh Ethernet.
Cau trc chung cua mt vn thng hn
mng.
FTTx a chon thay the (t 1).
Ken trc (a) TDM-PON v (b) WDM-PON.
Cp quang on mode (SMF) vs so a (MMF).
H s phn tn nhu mt chc nang cua buc sng cho
nheu o so quang.
Mat trong mt so quang o cc buc sng khc nhau.
(A) Mt so on buc sng ha cheu
truyen. (B) n chuyn qua gn cu (NEXT).
Song cng phn cha buc sng su dng 1:03 1:05 mm th
WDM couper (dpexer) tch thuong nguon v
tn hu h uu.
Chen uoc phn cha trong mt TDM-PON: (a) mt ga on
tch, (b) tch a tng, v (c) cc bus quang.
Tu chun thuong m ken trc TMD-PON.
Cau trc chung cua mt tu chun TDM-PON OLT. Ny
so o dn cho mt khung v nheu th OLT,
uoc ket n v nhau thng qua mt chuyn my bay tro .
M th OLT v p MAC v PMD rng cua mnh
phc v PON rng bt.
Cau trc chung cua mt tu chun TDM-PON au n.
Bao phu d}ch v truyen hnh pht sng tuong t trn mt
TDM-PON su dng buc sng 01:55-mm.
}nh dng khung APON h uu v thuong uu t
155,52 Mbps tc . v 622,08 Mbps v 1244,16-Mbps
tc , s uong khe th gan ch on gn nhn
4 v 8 v nhng con s th hn trong bu o trn.
V d ATM chuyn : (a) VP v VC chuyn mch v
(B) chuyn mch VC.
Ke hoch phn b buc sng trong IT-T G.983.3.
Mt T-CONT dn cho mt n ket hop ga OLT
v au n.
9
20
21
22
23
24
25
27
28
29
31
Hnh 2.9
Hnh 2.10
Hnh 2.11
Hnh 2.12
Hnh 2.13
Hnh 2.14
32
33
36
39
41
43
45
xx
Hnh 2.15
Hnh 2.16
Hnh 2.17
xx
Danh mc cc hnh
Hnh 2.18
Hnh 2.19
Hnh 2.20
Hnh 2.21
Hnh 2.22
Hnh 2.23
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
Hnh 2.28
Hnh 2.29
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2,34
2,35
2.36
Hnh 2.37
Hnh 2.38
Hnh 2.39
Hnh 2.40
Hnh 2.41
Hnh 2.42
ATM da trn T-CONT vs GEM da trn T-CONT.
Gao thc ngan xep cua s h t truyen G-PON
(GTC) p (t 24).
Tn hu h uu GTC bao gom khung hnh 125-ms
v mt tu e PCBd v mt phn t trong.
GTC km sot h uu khung hnh v phuong tn truyen thng truy cp
kh nm (t 24).
GTC }nh dng khung h uu.
GTC khung thuong nguon: m ONT bt u thuong nguon
truyen v PLOu. Mt ONT gao v ha
Aoc-ID trong ha phn b thuong nguon n tep ch
cn truyen PLOu mt n.
GTC }nh dng khung thuong nguon.
GEM khung trong t trong thuong nguon (t 24).
}nh dng GEM ng g.
Lp bn o v phn mnh cua khung d u ngu su dng vo
T trong GEM (t 24).
Ghp knh d u khn cap su dng GEM phn mnh
qu trnh (t 24).
m-m (P2P) Ethernet v pont-to-mutpont
(P2MP) ken trc EPON g hn.
Tu chun }nh dng khung Ethernet.
EPON qu trnh khc nhau.
EPON cng hot ng.
EPON Bo co hot ng.
Chung }nh dng cua MPCPD.
Ou trnh Autodscovery (t 9).
Mac d tat c cc uu uong truy cp en au n t cng mt
cng vt t OLT, v hung
n tch couper uoc su dng t nt t xa,
ONs khng th nhn thay uu uong truy cp cua nhau m khng c s
chuyn tep tro gp cua OLT.
m-m th ua trong EPON.
L mo u thay v LLID cho m-m
th ua trong EPON.
Hot ng EPON m-m th ua.
Pont-to-pont v on bn sao pht sng (SCB) MAC
trong mt m hnh EPON.
Thng thung WDM couper vs ng dn sng dn trn
u.
Th ua cua cc d}ch v pht sng trn WDM-PON
v mt nguon bang thng rng.
46
46
48
48
49
50
51
52
52
53
54
55
60
61
62
63
63
64
66
66
67
68
68
73
74
Danh mc cc hnh
xx
Hnh 2.43
Hnh 2.44
Hnh 2,45
Hnh 2.46
Hnh 2.47
Hnh 2.48
Hnh 2.49
Hnh 2.50
Hnh 2.51
Hnh 2.52
Hnh 3.1
Hnh 3.2
Hnh 3.3
Hnh 3.4
Hnh 3.5
Hnh 3.6
Mt AWG sua cho 2-Pons-trong-1.
Bng cch su dng cc thet b} CWDM ket hop v tch
tn hu quang hoc trong nheu FSRs cua mt thet b} AWG,
mt h thng WDM-on-WDM nh hot cao, c th
th t uoc.
G net km tra gung th hn WDM WDM-on-
kh nm (t 50).
Cuc bu tnh cua mt a WDM / TDM-PON v
buc sng a chon mn ph cc my pht: (a) h uu
n ket v (b) n ket thuong nguon (t 52).
WE-PON p quang hoc so o kh. (Courtesy of
ETRI v Korea Teecom).
RSOA m-un uoc su dng trong ETRI WE-PON nguyn mu.
(nh cua ETRI v Korea Teecom).
n ve pha truc tm hn t RSOA trong WE-PON.
(nh cua ETRI v Korea Teecom).
PLC-ECL uoc su dng trong WE-PON nguyn mu. (Courtesy of
ETRI v Korea Teecom).
Mt my phn o ban nhc ntereaves ph quang vo
ban nhc (trn) c th uoc tch ra xa hon v
dpexers (du) vo ban nhc cho thuong nguon v
ket n PON h uu.
APON v EPON trn so cng
nh my su dng my phn o ban nhc''''.
Mt sptter PLC uoc sn xuat bng cch su dng ha mng xo
v mt chp PLC tat c cc n ket trong mt g.
(T T u tham kho 1)
o chn mat mt sptter 1A32 PLC nhu mt
hm cua buc sng, cho thay chn thng nhat
mat ( 1,25 dB ben th) v chn qu thap km
( 1,25 dB) so v g tr} thuyet. (T T u tham kho 3)
So o mnh hoa ng dn sng dn trn u
bao gom ha khu vc t do tuyn truyen v
ng dn sng mng. (T TK 7)
So o b tr cua Nan ng dn sng dn trn u
router. (T T u tham kho 12)
So o mnh hoa cua t sn theo chu ky cua mt
ng dn sng dn trn u router. (T T u tham kho 12)
So o mnh hoa kp chc nang phn cheu
ng dn sng dn trn u. (T T u tham kho 13)
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
83
91
92
94
95
95
96
xxv
Danh mc cc hnh
Hnh 3.7
Hnh 3.8
Hnh 3.9
Hnh 3.10
Hnh 3.11
Hnh 3.12
Hnh 3.13
Hnh 3.14
Hnh 3.15
Hnh 3.16
Hnh 3.17
Hnh 3.18
(A) mat Fber-to-xo chn 1A14 n sptter
chc nang, (b) ph truyen qua cua 14 knh
chc nang buc sng router. (T T u tham kho 13)
So o mnh hoa 1A8 ha Pons-trong-mt (2P1)
thet b}. Cho r rng, quy m theo cheu doc uoc mo rng
bn n. (T T u tham kho 14)
Ph t cc cng u ra cua mt 1 8 2P1 thet b}
o khong (a) 1:03-mm v waveband
(B) 01:55-mm waveband. (T T u tham kho 14)
So o atherma AWG v scone
nha cha y rnh tam gc. (Trch t T u tham kho 15)
Nht ph thuc vo ph truyen
Channe 4 trn phm v nht 0-85 8C
(a) thng thung AWG sca v (b)
atherma AWG v scon nha cha y hnh tam gc
rnh. (T T u tham kho 16)
Nht ph thuc vo buc sng thay cua Channe 4
trong phm v nht 0-85 8C. (T T u tham kho 16)
Gm tn that vuot qu bng cch thay the rnh tam gc
cheu rng cua rng hon v nheu rnh cua rng nh hon.
(T T u tham kho 17)
So o ben rnh thap mat v
cau trc mng cho mt 1,5-D atherma AWG. (T
T u tham kho 21)
So o chen ho nha cha y scon trong
khu vc sn 1,5-D atherma AWG. (T T u tham kho 20)
So o chen ho nha cha y scon v
chuyn kch thuc m da trn phn on trong sn
khu vc 2,5-D atherma AWG. (T T u tham kho 19)
(A) xem ct ngang a sca / poymer
ng dn sng, (b) so snh o TE / TM
phn cc thay cua buc sng trung tm, Channe 9,
v poymer v sca overcaddng (c) o
nht ph thuc vo buc sng thay cua Channe 9
v poymer v sca ton cho. (Trch t
T u tham kho 22)
Tat c cc-poymer 8A8 AWG v khong cch knh GH 200:
(A) ph o (b) o TE TM phn cc /
s thay cua Channe 4 (c) ph thuc nht o
ph truyen qua cua Channe 4 cho nht
khong 25-65 8C. (Trch t T u tham kho 23)
97
98
98
100
100
101
101
102
102
103
104
105
Danh mc cc hnh
xxv
Hnh 3.19
Hnh 3.20
Hnh 3.21
Hnh 3.22
Hnh 3.23
Hnh 3.24
Hnh 3.25
Hnh 3.26
Hnh 3.27
Hnh 3.28
Hnh 3.29
Hnh 3.30
Hnh 3.31
Hnh 3.32
Hnh 3.33
Hnh 3.34
So o cua mt AWG atherma v
b tr nht a. (T T u tham kho 24)
Ouang ph cua AWG atherma v nht
bo thung tam hnh. 3.19. (T T u tham kho 24)
So o cua mt chp AWG atherma v
nht bo thung thanh. (T T u tham kho 25)
(A) ph quang trong C v L-ban nhc cua atherma
AWG su dng thanh nht bo thung, (b)
nht ph thuc vo buc sng thay bn
knh trong bang tn C t A30 8C 70 8C.
(Trch t TK 25)
So o cua AWG v tam ung km.
(T T u tham kho 26)
Buc sng trung tm cua AWG mt chc nang cua
nht . (T T u tham kho 26)
Lp rp nh vc (FA) ket n: (a) cau trc pug
v cm (b) trong tu quang hoc t co so cua khch hng.
(T Refs 32 v 33)
(A) thu nghm mat ket n v (b) thu nghm mat mt tro .
(T T u tham kho 32)
N SC un cong. (T T u tham kho 33)
Xem mat ct ngang cua tep xc vt gc cnh (APC)
ket n. 8 so cu mat ch o phn nh
nh sng vo p v. (T T u tham kho 34)
(A) ac m o Bend mat so khng un cong
(B) so snh so quang hoc thng thung v
bn knh cong t thu 30 mm v un cong chng
v bn knh cong t thu 15 mm.
(T T u tham kho 32)
(A) suy gm ph tu bu cua PureAccess-tra
(B) un tnh mat mt nhu mt hm cua buc sng.
(T T u tham kho 37)
So o dy cur quang. (T T u tham kho 39)
Ket n cua thet b} u cu my tnh xch tay vo cm quang trong
bc tung bng cch su dng dy cur quang. (T T u tham kho 39)
Mat ct ngang v ho so chet suat cua
h tro chat xo. (T T u tham kho 38)
n ac m mat so h tro:
(A) hu suat mat mt un tnh nhu mt chc nang
khong cch bnh thung, (b) buc sng ph thuc
cua o un mat. (T T u tham kho 38)
105
106
106
107
108
109
110
111
111
112
113
114
115
115
116
117
xxv
Danh mc cc hnh
Hnh 3.35
Hnh 3.36
Hnh 3.37
Hnh 3.38
Hnh 3.39
Hnh 3.40
Hnh 3.41
Hnh 3.42
Hnh 3.43
Hnh 3.44
Hnh 3.45
(A) ung knh nh vc che Tnh ton v thc nghm
khng ph hop nhu mt chc nang cua s sp xep , (b) n
mat gy ra bo MFD khng ph hop nhu mt chc nang cua
khc x khc bt ga ch s N v Nphu.
(T T u tham kho 38)
So snh cua ba GI-POFs v khc nhau
ung knh v khu s (NA): (a) khc x
ho so ch s, v (b) mat un nhu mt chc nang cua
bn knh. (T T u tham kho 47)
(A) ung knh v (b) mat NA ph thuc vo
un bn knh 5 mm. (T T u tham kho 47)
(A) un mat GI POF v mt
ung knh 200 mm v NA 0.24 (b) t uu
thng s ng dn sng cua GI POF n p
un mat. (T T u tham kho 47)
So o cua mt ch s hung dn Fabry-Perot
Dode aser. Ouang ph cho thay nheu
che pht aser theo cheu doc.
Gn o cua mt ta aser phn ho phn tn.
Ph quang hoc cho thay tuyt v snge-mode
hnh v.
Gn o cua mt doc khoang be mat pht ra
aser (VCSEL) v chm u ra trn.
WDM-PON su dng eu che trc tep D-VCSELs
nhu au n cc my pht. M VCSEL n , nm o
ON uoc tm b} kha bo eu che h uu
tn hu truyen t mt aser DFB chu nm
t CO (T T u tham kho 56)
ung cong BER thuong nguon cho cc g tr} khc nhau cua
(A) tn hu nguoc dng v t tn x nguoc Rayegh
(SRR) v t tuyt chung h uu n tc
(ER) 4,5 dB (b) ER h uu t mt hng s
SRR 13,4 dB.
Nhn uoc n quang t BER 10A9 nhu mt chc nang
t tuyt chung h uu. Rn dng:
ha cheu 25 km truyen v Rayegh
hu ng tn x nguoc. Dng gch ngang: mt cheu
back-to-back truyen.
So o cua WDM-PON v bang thng rng
nguon quang (LED) trong ON. (T T u tham kho 62)
118
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
130
Danh mc cc hnh
xxv
Hnh 3.46
Hnh 3.47
Hnh 3.48
Hnh 3.49
Hnh 3.50
Hnh 3.51
Hnh 3.52
Hnh 3.53
Hnh 3.54
Hnh 3.55
Hnh 3.56
Hnh 3.57
Hnh 3.58
Thet p thu nghm cua WDM-PON v tp trung
nguon sng supercontnuum bang thng rng.
(T T u tham kho 67)
So o ha cheu khng mu (BD)
thu da trn FP-LDS tm b} kha bo
nh sng quang ph ct t t mt bang thng rng
su umnesent LED (SLED). (T T u tham kho 72)
Ouang ph cua nh sng tng tm v ph-
n tm th t o o u vo v u ra
cng cua (a) nt AWG t xa v (b) Trung uong
van phng AWG. (T T u tham kho 72)
So o cua phn x khng mu
b khuech quang bn dn (RSOA) buc sng
ht cua nh sng quang ph ct t t mt bang thng rng
(SLED). (T T u tham kho 81)
Kh ndum phosphde da trn tnh nang RSOA
mt ken trc ng dn sng cong. (T T u tham kho 82)
WDM-PON v t tm kha Fabry-Perot
t aser (FP-LDS). (T T u tham kho 81)
Ph quang hoc cua t tm kha FP-LD.
(T T u tham kho 81)
So o cua WDM-PON v t geo ht
SOA phn cheu. (T T u tham kho 85)
Ouang ph chong cho 1,25 Gbps t ht gng s
knh thuong nguon. (T T u tham kho 85)
RITE-net ken trc. Phn CW cua m
g h uu uoc remoduated v thuong nguon
d u t on v} mng quang hoc. (T T u tham kho 86)
WDM-PON su dng chat bn dn phn quang
b khuech khuech v remoduate h uu
buc sng tn hu mang h uu
(ASK }nh dng) truyen thuong nguon.
(T T u tham kho 90)
Ph quang hoc cua on nht-u o nguon aser DFB
trc tep eu che v 1,25 Gbps tn hu NR.
Chong n ph d thng
ac trung cua tu cc v ch (A18.7 GH)
demutpexer. (T T u tham kho 92)
Chuong trnh t su dng buc sng WDM-PON su dng
so a knh Bragg u oc ra
cc tu sn bay h uu cho remoduaton v thuong nguon
d u. (T T u tham kho 93)
131
132
133
134
135
136
136
137
138
138
139
140
141
xxv
Danh mc cc hnh
Hnh 4.1
Hnh 4.2
Hnh 4.3
Hnh 4.4
Hnh 4.5
Hnh 4.6
Hnh 4.7
Hnh 4.8
Hnh 4.9
Hnh 4.10
Hnh 4.11
Hnh 4.12
Hnh 4.13
Hnh 4.14
Hnh 4.15
Ken trc mng PON chung cho FTTx
k}ch bn.
Lp vt burst-mode }nh ngha th gan. TON Tx
uot ve th gan Ng Hn TX turn-off TDSR Rx
th gan phc ho nhy ng TLR Mc Rx
th gan phc ho, TCR Rx th gan phc ho ong ho
TDL Th gan phn cch Rx.
Khc nhau PON dpexer v trpexer thu pht cho
h thng truy cp quang hoc.
Kh chc nang tnh nang cua my thu pht quang hoc
cho thay c ha hung h uu v thuong uu.
Theo hung thuong nguon, mt my pht ON
bao gom mt trnh eu khn ta aser burst-mode (BM-LD),
v aser F-P trong cc hnh thc truyen quang
subassemby (Tosa) thu OLT bao gom
cua mt m PIN hoac st o photodode (PIN hoac APD),
BM-trans-tro khng (BM-TIA) ROSA (nhn quang
subassemby), mt hn che sau khuech (post-amp) v
mt burst-mode ong ho / phc ho d u (BM-CDR) on v}.
ung cong L-I n hnh (a) DFB-LD v (b) F-P LD.
APD V-I ung cong v yeu t nhn.
So o cau trc bao b TO-CAN cho DFB
(A) v APD (b). Hnh nh cua ho uoc hn th} trn
quyen.
ac trung ph truyen qua (tr) v
bc nh (bn ph) cua b oc WDM hnh thnh trn mt
so mat 29. Ha ung cong dn cho ha khc nhau
phn cc nh sng.
BOSA so o cho ba buc sng da trn
cng ngh mng mng.
Cc BOSA trong TO-CO TH g v xe
mch 32.
Cau hnh mch quang v cc b oc bn ngo.
Tnh kh th cua u oc WDM s h tro
trn mt nen tng PLC (trn) v kh nm
so o (du) cua mt trpexer su dng
cau trc ny 43.
Ha cheu au n m-un dpexer thu pht.
Ha cheu au n m-un trpexer thu pht.
}nh dng d u trong thng tn n c k thut s: (a) n tc
d u che , (b) d u burst-mode, (c) g bt
d u 47.
152
157
161
162
164
165
166
166
168
169
170
171
173
173
175
Danh mc cc hnh
xxx
Hnh 4.16
Hnh 4.17
Hnh 4.18
Hnh 4.19
Hnh 4.20
Hnh 4.21
Hnh 4.22
Hnh 4.23
Hnh 4.24
Hnh 4.25
Hnh 4.26
Hnh 4.27
Hnh 4.28
ac m nht cua ta aser FP n hnh nhu
L-t curves.176
So o kh cua mt trnh eu khn ta aser burst-mode n hnh
IC 49 0,177
So snh (a) n tc v (b) bng aser burst-mode
stage.178 xe
So o kh cua ha n hnh crcuts.179 APC
Hu suat quang hoc v th gan cua mt EPON BM-Tx:
(Trn bn tr) bu o mt quang hoc su dng 4-trt t Thompson
oc 1,25 Gbps s bn trong hp GbE mt mat n
t suat o nhun. (Du cng bn tr) tn hu quang bng pht v Laser
thn v} on / off. Laser o burst-trn v
n bt tt uoc hn th} o pha bn ph 22 0,180
So o mt quang t A40 8C v 80 8C kh
nht v quang n trn 0 dBm v
ER trn 10 dB. Cc s trong hp
GbE mt mat n margn.181
Trn kha thc hn an ve pha truc v phn ho cua quang
bt che recevers.182
So o kh cua mt burst-mode preampfer IC
su dng ATC (tr) v phn ng cua mch ATC
(Bn ph) 56 0,183
Vc so snh (a) mt AGC thng thung v (b)
te bo AGC cho bt che u vo tuyt chung thap
t 60 0,184
Cau hnh v hot ng cua cc te bo nguyn tc-AGC
da preampfer IC.185
So snh AC-couped (tr) so v DC-couped
(Ph) bt che recevers.186
Mt v d ve 1,25 Gbps BM APD / TIA u ra
bu o mt (tr) v th gan g quyet
o (bn ph) 22 0,187
Km tra nht t ADC khc nhau
ngh} quyet. Cc trc y cho thay g tr} tuyt cua
t a. Cc tng th cho nht
gm st + Y 8C. Mu xanh, mu hong, mu xanh cy v
dng dn cho 8 -, 10 - v 12-bt ADC, tuong ng.
Nhng ung en dn cho cc trung hop trong tnh chnh xc
mc cua c ha cm ben nht v n p
tham cheu trong 1%, v cc ung t nt
dn cho mt 0,5% mc chnh xc. Dng rn mu mt
10-bt ADC m khng oversampng 70 0,189
xxx
Danh mc cc hnh
Hnh 4.29
Hnh 4.30
Hnh 4.31
Hnh 4.32
Hnh 4.33
Hnh 4.34
Hnh 4.35
Hnh 4.36
Hnh 4.37
Hnh 4.38
Hnh 4.39
Hnh 4.40
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
Mt cng suat u ra Laser v gm st hn t so v
xe hn hnh.
Mt v d OTDR du duong theo d trong d}ch v
cua t gy so trong WDM-PON 74.
Ket qu pht hn so cho cc v} tr t
(A) 3 km, (b) 3,4 km, (c) 4 km, v (d) 5.2 km t
cc nt eu khn t xa bng cch su dng thet p t hnh. 4.30.
Nhng OTDR vo au n burst-mode truyen.
OTDR tuong t bang thng front-end uoc g hn
5 MH 76.
ON chan so o v chc nang OTDR
tch hop 77.
Burst-mode cau hnh thet p thu nghm n hnh bao gom
cua ha ONs. Mt g tn yeu t BM-Tx nhu
ON 1 theo sau mt g mnh m t thuong m
SFF m-un Tx nhu ON 2 m phng cc trung hop xau nhat
eu kn 22.
Mt thuong nguon m hnh thu nghm burst-mode G-PON n hnh
kh cc g d u mnh m t BM-Tx nhu ON 1
tep theo cc g tn yeu t ON 2. Cc
th gan bo v trn khng bao gom 32 bt bt buc,
mo u 44 bt, v th gan g hn 16-20 bt.
o n hnh cua che burst-BER (trn) v
pht nhy cm (du) thc hn cho mt DC-couped
G-PON OLT Rx t 1,244 Gbps.
1,25 Gbps G-PON hu suat ung n v PLM.
(A) o n tc che (P2P) so v burst-mode
BER. (B) u vo v u ra cho burst-mode nhn.
ung cong bt che BER cho cc g d u yeu nhu mt
chc nang cua cc mc cng suat cua g mnh
1,25 Gbps, cho thay s xung cap cua OLT Rx
nhy cm do nh huong cua g tn mnh m.
(A) tc ng cua tn hu CATV trn BER cua k thut s
nhn. (B) nh huong cua k thut s tn hu n chuyn qua trn
CNR cua CATV nhn.
Phn cha th gan truy cp nheu.
Khc nhau, cua s.
G-PON khc nhau, ga on 1: qu trnh s.
GPON khc nhau, ga on 2: o s chm tr.
Phn b bang thng nang ng.
Mt cau hnh mng v d m M
Lp 2 d}ch v n ket v cc ISP.
191
192
194
194
195
198
199
200
201
203
204
206
216
217
219
220
222
224
Danh mc cc hnh
xxx
Hnh 5.7
Hnh 5.8
Hnh 5.9
Hnh 5.10
Hnh 5.11
Hnh 5.12
Hnh 5.13
Hnh 5.14
Hnh 6.1
Hnh 6.2
Hnh 6.3
Hnh 6.4
Hnh 6.5
Hnh 6.6
Nguyn tc cua H cho Oueung.226
Hot ng cua hn che IPACT d}ch v: (a) kh ch
ON 3 c gao thng o thuong nguon, v (b) kh tat c ONs
c uu uong thuong nguon. O y, R1, R2, R3 v dn
thng p yu cu t m au n tuong ng d u 3
dn cho d u ngu dng truyen t ON 3, G3
dn cap cho ON 3. (A), cc g tr} cua R1 v
R2 bng 0 v g tr} cua R3 ch s
d u ngu dng cua thuong nguon uu tr trong ON 3.230
Thm ht round-robn (DRR) schedung.234
Duy tr ngn chu ky vng trn su dng nheu
hng o request.235
Mt v d v ha o requests.235
Mt khung BAO CAO IEEE802.3ah v nheu
requests.236
Burst v d phn b DRR su dng nheu
bo co hng o set.237
So snh hu qu bang thng (Emax) trong
ba DBA bao gom trong chuong ny. O y chng t c
chon s uong au n N32, Burst trn khng
01:04 msec, Max RTD 100msec, w w,
Thtw N, OLT th gan xu 16msec,
v th gan xu au n 16 msec.241
Ken trc chuyn mch bo v uoc e xuat bo
IT-T G.983.1.249
A 1: Cch bo v N t OLT 14. D hn: Dng
Termna.250
Mt ken trc PON v bo v phn ph
so bng ket n ONs v bo v
chuyn 17. OSW: chuyn quang hoc, FBG: so Bragg
Lu ld: buc sng h uu, lu: thuong nguon
waveength.251
Mt ken trc PON v bo v cua c ha trung chuyn
v so phn ph bo mt oopback thm
so phn ph v chuyn mch bo v 18. ld:
buc sng h uu, lu: thuong nguon waveength.252
Bo v so np trong ha Pons su dng
Cng ngh CWDM 19. OSW: chuyn quang hoc, ld:
buc sng h uu, lu: thuong nguon waveength.252
Mt v d ve bn so nhn cha s trong (a)
hot ng bnh thung, (b) chuyn khong, v (c) vng
chuyn 25 0,254
XXXII
Danh mc cc hnh
Hnh 6.7
Hnh 6.8
Hnh 6.9
Hnh 6.10
Hnh 6.11
Hnh 6.12
Hnh 6.13
Hnh 7.1
Mt sua PON sao-rng v kh nang bo v 26.
Hnh ch nht cho thay cau trc cua RN mnh hoa
che bo v. H eu hnh: swtch.255 quang
Cau trc cua (a) OLT v (b) RN cua mt
WDM-PON v an so nhn cho
bo v 27. AN: nt truy cp, CN: nt trung tm,
OSC: knh gm st quang hoc, PD: photodode,
OSW: swtch.256 quang
Ken trc mng t bo v cho WDM-PON.
LD1-4: dode aser PD1-4: PIN photodode
WC: WDM couper M1 & M2: mn hnh quang n
{A, C} cho t2{1,. . . , N}: buc sng thuong nguon {B, D}
cho t2{1,. . . , N}: buc sng h uu. Hnh ch nht chuong trnh
cc phn ng quang ph cua mt trong nhng cng u ra cua
AWG. FSR: mn ph phm v quang ph cua AWG 28 0,258
(A) Mt ken trc sng st WDM-PON v tm
ONs v km sot bo v chuyn tp trung
(B) cau hnh OLT ang hot ng bnh thung
(C) ke hoch phn cng buc sng. B / R: mu xanh / b oc mu
OC: so 3-dB couper LD: dode aser PD:
photodode. Luu : FSR1 vet tt cua phm v mn ph ph
cua N2 (N 8) AWG t OLT trong kh FSR2
vet tt cua cua c ha AWG1 v AWG2 t RN.
Cc buc sng uoc trch dn trong hp m vc
buc sng nguoc dng. Cc buc sng trong d mu xanh
uoc gch chn nhung nhng ngu trong ban nhc khng 31 0,259
Mt ken trc WDM-PON v t bo v
kh nang chng c chat xo v phn ph trung chuyn
that b so 32. WC: buc sng couper, B / R:
xanh / b oc mu , H eu hnh: chuyn quang hoc, M: n
gm st modues.260
(A) Mt so on CWDM mng vng truy cp quang hoc
(B) v (c) cau trc cua AN2 trong (b) trng th bnh thung v
(C) nh nuc bo v kh c mt ct so ga
AN2 v AN3 45. AN: nt truy cp, Tx: my pht,
Rx: recever.262
(A) Mt mng u vng hnh ng sao quang hoc uoc bo v
(B) So o ung quang, ung cham uoc cc }nh
con ung bo v (c) cc ung quang bo v
thng qua kh nt 1 that b 47. FBG: so
Bragg gratngs.263
Ken trc cua mt network.268 quang th ng truy cp
Danh mc cc hnh
xxx
Hnh 7.2
Hnh 7.3
Hnh 7.4
Hnh 7.5
Hnh 7.6
Hnh 7.7
Hnh 7.8
Hnh 7.9
Hnh 7.10
Hnh 7.11
Hnh 7.12
Hnh 7.13
Hnh 7.14
m no m cc thu nghm cn thet cho mt WDM, pont-to-
a m, v ha cheu PON.
Ba p gm st hu suat quang hoc:
gm st gao thng, gm st chat uong tn hu, v
gm st gao thc.
V d ve vc pht hn v n }a ho cua chat xo
that b trong mt ha cheu WDM-PON 15.
Mat so n ket v d theo d trong mt
ha cheu WDM-PON su dng ASE tm
FP-LD 17.
So o cua mt mng FTTH OWDR nhng
t OLT en ONT 18.
(A) mc teng on m suy yeu: teng on khc nhau trn en ke
knh tn hu, (b)'''' Theu teng on ga cc knh:
b oc quang hoc hoac MX / DEMX c th o b ra ngo
teng on ban nhc.
Nguyn tc hot ng cua k thut phn cc: cc
teng on phn cc (tc mt nua tng s teng on) c th
o bng cch su dng knh phn cc tuyen tnh th ha,
n ket uoc trc gao v tn hu cua
phn cc 25.
Ga u RF th m thm vo bang thng knh nhu
mn hnh chat uong tn hu / suy tho.
(A) d u o tu bu cho ogart cua BER
so v ngung quyet }nh 37, (b) BER nhu mt
chc nang cua tep nhn quang SNR 41.
OCDM da trn h thng PON theo d m m
chn mng uoc gn mt b m ha. Mt du duong
g m uoc m vc t CO 42.
Cau hnh h thng cua h thng km tra ung truyen cp quang
su dng mt cua s km tra 1650-nm 43.
So o kh nm cho theo d mu sc
phn tn su dng quang tho ha-bn (VSB)
oc: cc bt phc ho t mt trong ha phn cua
ph en n ho khc nhau ty thuc
trn s phn tn sc 50.
Vc su dng cc mc phn cc (DOP) gm st
nhng nh huong cua PMD: (a) o DOP nhu mt
chc nang tc th DGD. Luu DOP
rng xung ph thuc vo 52, v (b) DOP o
cho mt tn hu 40-ggabt / gy v R n cua 6 ps
v 4 ps phn DGD 58. Luu rng on at hng cao hon
272
279
283
284
285
287
287
288
290
291
292
294
XXXIV
Danh mc cc hnh
Hnh A1.1
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
A2.1
A2.2
A2.3
A2.4
A2.5
cua PMD gm DOP t a cua tn hu o
ngu nhn du s hp nhat.
Cau hnh vt chung cua vc phn ph quang
mng (sao chp t hnh 5/G.983.1).
}nh dng khung cua.
}nh dng bo co khung.
ang k }nh dng khung yu cu.
ang k }nh dng khung hnh.
ang k }nh dng khung hnh xc nhn.
295
301
311
312
312
313
313
Danh sch cc bng
Bng
Bng
Bng
Bng
Bng
Bng
Bng
Bng
Bng
Bng
1.1
1.2
1.3
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
Tm tt cc mn trnh dn cng ngh DSL khc nhau
Tm tt cc tc d u DOCIS
Yu cu bang thng cho cc d}ch v IP khc nhau
APON h / thuong nguon ket hop tc bt
Thuc tnh a chon cua IEEE802.3ah EPON pht
Thuc tnh a chon cua IEEE 802.3ah nhn
ac m
G-PON v EPON so snh
Ngn sch n PON
Tu chun IT-T G.983.3 BPON
Yu cu p vt cua IT-T G-PON v
Tu chun IEEE EPON
G-PON v EPON bt che th gan so snh
Thng s PMD chnh cua G-PON p B 1,244 Gbps
thuong nguon 10, 20
Thng s PMD chnh cua IEEE 802.3ah EPON
20-km 1,25 Gbps thuong nguon 9, 22
Nh nuc-of-the-art G-PON hu suat thu pht
cc thng s cho cc n ket thuong nguon t 1,244 Gbps, trong
so snh v cc thng s k thut G.984.2 cua IT-T 10
Mt hu suat EPON thu pht ung n nh nuc-of-the-art
Tm so v cc tu chun IEEE 802.3ah
Cc thng s p trung bnh ph thuc G.984.2-vt
cua ODN (sao chp t Bng 2a/G.984.2)
Cc thng s gao dn G.984.2-quang 1244 Mbt / s
hung h uu (sao chp t
Bng 2b/G.984.2)
Cc thng s gao dn G.984.2-quang cua
2488 Mbt / s hung h uu (sao chp t
Bng 2c/G.984.2)
Cc thng s gao dn G.984.2-quang 1244 Mbt / s
hung thuong nguon (sao chp t Bng 2f-1/G.984.2)
Cc thng s gao dn G.984.2-quang cua 1244 Mbt / s
hung thuong nguon su dng co che quyen c san ap mat bng t
ON Transmtter (sao chp t Bng 2f-2/G.984.2)
4
6
13
38
57
58
69
154
156
157
158
159
160
Bng 4.4
Bng 4.5
Bng 4.6
Bng 4.7
201
205
302
Bng 4.8
Bng A1.1
Bng A1.2
303
Bng A1.3
305
307
Bng A1.4
Bng A1.5
309
xxxv
Trang ny c trng
Lo tu a
Mng quang th ng (PON) cng ngh uoc nghn cu trong hon
20 nam. N khng ph cho en gn y m PON xuat hn nghm trong ve d}ch v
cc nh cung cap mn hnh radar " mt a chon co so h tng truy cp bang rng quan trong,
ket qu cua bang thng vdeo theo yu cu (VOD) pht trn nhanh chng v
cc ng dng, v b b quy }nh tep tc v cnh tranh khc t ga trad-
tona cng ty vn thng v cc nh cung cap d}ch v truyen hnh cp.
Tuy nhn, ch c mt s g hn cua cun sch trong nh vc ny cung cap cho mt mch c
v nh g ton dn cc cng ngh PON. Hu het cc PON n quan
t u nghn cu nm r rc xung quanh trn cc tp ch, tp ch, h ngh}
thu tc t tng, v mt s tu chun k thut. V vy, chng t cm thay rng
k}p th xuat bn mt cun sch bao gom cc kha cnh khc nhau cua cng ngh PON.
C nheu huong v} khc nhau v danh php cng ngh PON
(EPON, BPON, G-PON, APON, WDM-PON, TDM-PON, vv) Mac d
mt s cc tu chun ang uoc ph ben hon so v nhng ngu khc, khng a trong s
ho tro thnh mt ngu chen thng r rng. Nhu nhu cu tang, nghn cu v
pht trn cng ngh PON cng tang tc do s tham ga nang
cua kho ng v cc nh cung cap uong nhm, cc nh sn xuat h thng, cng nhu cc thnh
phn
v cc cng ty chp.
Khng gng nhu cc cng ngh truy cp khc, trong su dng cc phuong tn truyen thng
ong thng thung
cho thng tn n c, PON su dng cc so quang hoc nhu truyen med-
um, aser v dode tch sng quang nhu cc my pht v thet b} d. So quang
theo truyen thng uoc su dng trong h thng truyen t ung d. Trong kh ,
PON hu nhu mt cng ngh truy cp h mt nen tng tt cua
mng ken thc v km sot truy cp phuong tn truyen thng (MAC) gao thc. Hu het mo ngu
m vc trn truyen thng quang tp trung hon vo tnh chat truyen
so, vt aser, vv y mt trong nhng mc ch cua cun sch ny cung cap mt
bo hm cn bng cua cng ngh mng, cp quang truyen dn cng ngh
nooges, v cc thet b} n tu n quan en pht trn h thng PON.
Rat thung xuyn, cc nh nghn cu trong cng ngh m nhu PON s uoc thc y bo s
mong mun chng mnh s thng mnh k thut v b qua thc tn. eu ny c xu hung
to ra rat nheu t u m cu cng tro nn khng thch hop do snh th
do te. Nhu mt cng ngh truy cp, thet b} PON s uoc trn kha t
ngu dng cu co so. Khng gng nhu cc h thng cp quang ung trc, trong ch ph uoc
cha s bo tat c cc
ngu dng trn cng mt mng, ngu su dng cu cng s ph ch}u ch ph cua PON
thet b} trc tep. V vy, thet ke h thng PON cn ph rat ch ph hop .
XXXVII
XXXVIII
Lo tua
V vy, kh a chon cc vt u cho cun sch ny, chng t c gng cn bng
quan tm nghn cu v cc cn nhc ve knh te v k thut thc te.
Cun sch ny uoc d }nh nhu mt t u tham kho chung cho cc nh nghn cu, cao cap
v
snh vn hoc tt nghp cap m vc trong nh vc truy cp bang thng rng quang hoc
mng. N cng c th uoc su dng bo cc k su v cc nh qun c uoc mt cng vc
ken thc ve mng quang th ng. Cun sch cung cap rng, cho
nhng ngu cn ph c hu bet chung ve nh vc ny, v su, cho
nhng ngu mun o su hon vo cng ngh PON v cc khu vc c n quan.
Cedrc F. Lm
Thung ng Scon, 2007
L cm on
Truc tn, t thc s mun cm on tat c cc tc g thc hn rat n
nhng n c ng gp vo cun sch ny trong }ch trnh bn rn cua ho. T ang mc no
Go su Nck Frgo cua Hoc vn H qun Hoa Ky, ngu ua t vo nh vc ny
kh t m vc v ng t AT & T Labs-Nghn cu cch y v nam. T chn thnh
ng bet on uoc mo rng en Ten s Tngye L cho tnh bn cua ng khng bao g cn, tnh yu,
encour-
tc qun , v ngu cha du dt, c trong cuc sng cua t v trong s nghp cua t.
T mun cm on Academc Press cho t co h bt u
d n ny v s h tro qu bu cua cc nhn vn cua mnh, ac bt Tm Ptts, ngu c
cc ky kn nhn v t n tc truot cua }ch trnh v Ganesan
Murugesan qun d n tuyt v cua mnh. T cng mun cm on
Ten s Katsunar Okamoto cho s ho phng cua mnh trong vc chng t t to nheu nhn vt
t b thuyet trnh qu kh cua mnh.
Cedrc F. Lm
XXXIX
Trang ny c trng
Danh sch ng gp
Cedrc F. Lm thu uoc KS cua mnh. v Frst Cass danh d t hoc
cua Hong Kng, Hong Kng v ten s mc t hoc Caforna, Los
Angees (CLA), c trong ngnh n tu. Sau ng ga nhp AT & T Labs-
Nghn cu nhu nhn vn k thut cao cap cua nghn cu bang thng rng truy cp
B phn. Nghn cu cua mnh bao phu so en nh (FTTH), a so cp ong trc
(HFC) h thng, th} / mng khu vc quang hoc, quang hoc-tn hu
k thut eu che, vv Ong nhn uoc g thuong xuat sc nghn cu cua AT & T
v nhng ng gp cho d n Metro-DWDM vo nam 2000. Nam 2002, Ten s Lm
tham ga OpVsta Inc, no ng by g h thng ken trc su truong, ch}u trch nhm ve
pht trn tu n ngm WDM v Ethernet h thng vdeo v tc cao
Gao thng nternet. Ong phc v cc chuong trnh uy ban k thut cua nheu
h ngh} k thut bao gom OFC v chu A Th Bnh Duong truyen thng quang
H ngh} (APOC). Ten s Lm thnh vn cao cap cua IEEE, mt thnh vn cua
OSA, v thnh vn cua SCTE. Ong c 14 bng sng che trong nh vc quang hoc cng
ncatons v xuat bn hon 60 t u k thut trn cc tp ch quc te
v h tho.
Ten s Eane Wong nhn bng ten s cua mnh trong thng 12 nam 2002 cua Trung hoc
Mebourne. Mt th gan ngn, c ga nhp Phng th nghm Nghn cu Photoncs t
hoc Mebourne ten hnh nghn cu trong cc nh vc cua }a phuong quang
mng u, mng truy nhp quang hoc, v gm st hu suat quang hoc. T
2003-2005, c uoc qun khem tn hu v thch thc gm nhe
d n Trung tm nghn cu hop tc Photoncs c. Trong nam 2006,
Eane dnh nam t trung hoc Caforna, Berkeey, m vc trn
cc ng dng cua VCSELs tm kha quang trong cc mng truy cp bang thng rng
v CCH Optoeectroncs Group. Hn nay, Eane mt gng vn cao cap t
B n v n tu, Trung hoc
Mebourne, no c cng n ket v Trung tm nghn cu ac bt ARC
tra-bang thng rng mng thng tn, v Vctora Nghn cu Phng th nghm
th cua quc ga cng ngh thng tn c. Eane bn tp n ket cho OSA
Tp ch cua mng quang hoc, v nh ph bnh cho rat nheu IEEE v OSA
cc tp ch. C hn cng uoc phc v nhu mt thnh vn trong mng quang
v Uy ban H thng cua Laser IEEE v n quang hoc X h (Su Tu)
v Uy ban Chuong trnh k thut cua Th Bnh Duong quang SPIE Chu A
Thng tn n c H ngh}. C ong tc g hon 80 tham kho nheu
XLI
XLII
Danh sch ng gp
tp ch v h ngh} an phm quc te, v g nheu bng sng che
trn cng ngh truy cp mng. C thnh vn cua IEEE Su Tu v OSA.
Yongmao Frank Chang thu uoc bng ten s trong n t trung -
a dng cua Montrea, Canada cho un n nghn cu ve su ngn xung quang
the h cua 1550m aser trng th rn du duong. Ong uoc chu yeu ac bt
ng trong h thng k thut quang hoc v k thut sn phm IC van e cho
vn thng, datacom, v PON th} trung t Vtesse t nam 2002. Truc Vtesse,
Ten s Chang m vc nhu ng gp c nhn v va tr qun d n t DS
nphase, Csco / Pre, v Mah Networks cho s pht trn cua WDM
h thng ph, thu pht quang hoc v so quang thnh phn. T 1992-1995,
ng m vc cho hoc Thnh ph Hong Kng, Hong Kng v Concorda
Trung hoc, Canada tc nghn cu thc hn cc vt u quang n tu
nghn cu. Ten s Chang tc g hoac ong tc g cua hon 50 tp ch peer-xem xt
v cc h ngh}, v dn cho Vtesse ng gp tch cc chun
co quan bao gom OIF / IT, IEEE 802.3, FSAN vv cho }nh ngha cua thet
thng s k thut quang hoc khc nhau. Ten s Chang chu tr OFC / NFOEC k thut
phn trong nheu nam n tep k t nam 2004, v phc v nhu nh ph bnh tch cc cho
Ouang Express, Thu Ouang, Ouang ng dng, Tp ch cua mng quang hoc,
Apped Physcs Letters, IEEE Photoncs Cng ngh Letters, v Tp ch cua
X h quang hoc cua M B. Ong thnh vn cua IEEE / Su Tu v OSA.
Badr Gomatam nhn uoc MS cua mnh vo nam 1989 v ten s nam 1993 cua Trung hoc
Massachusetts, Amherst, cho cng vc trn ng aser dode v cang thng quan-
tum cng eu ben eectroabsorpton. T nam 1993 en nam 1996, ng thc hn
nghn cu trong mt s cng ngh quang n tu t Foster-Mer Inc, Watham,
Massachusetts, ng ch trn bao b nha quang n tu, bn dn spa
TIAL b eu ben nh sng v cun tu thuyet yeu t chuyn quang hoc ba cheu.
Ten s Gomatam tham ga Vtesse Semconductor Corp vo nam 1996 trong Optoeectron-
cs / Anaog Mch Phng v phc v trong nheu kh nang bao gom Prod-
CT K thut, ng dng k thut v tep th} sn phm cho
Cc sn phm quang n tu IC. Ong dn cho Vtesse t cc t chc tu chun
bao gom c IT-T v FSAN. Ong hn Gm c, H thng Engn-
eerng t Vtesse v mt tp trung vo chen uoc tep th} v mt thnh vn cua IEEE-
Uy ban k thut Su Tu trn bao b quang n, sn xuat, v
tn cy (OPMR).
Cavn C.K. Chan nhn uoc KS., M.Ph., v ten s t Cc
Trung Ouc hoc Hong Kng, Hong Kng, tat c cc k thut thng tn.
Nam 1997, ng ga nhp Khoa K thut n tu, hoc Thnh ph
Hong Kng, nhu mt tro nghn cu Go su. Nam 1999, ng tham ga Chung Phng th nghm
tores, Lucent Technooges, Homde, N, nhu mt thnh vn cua nhn vn k thut,
no ng m vc ve km sot aser bn dn du duong rng r v
Danh sch ng gp
x
thc hn mt chuyn quang g v v cng suat terabt m gy. Trong
Thng 8 nam 2001, ng tham ga cua B Thng tn K thut, CHK,
no ng hn ang mt go su. Ong tng thnh vn cua
Uy ban chuong trnh k thut cho OFC / NFOEC t 2005-2007 v mt s
cc h ngh} quc te khc. Hn nay, ng phc v nhu mt bn tp vn n ket cua
OSA Tp ch cua mng quang. Ong xuat bn hon 150 k thut
gay t trn cc tp ch quc te tham kho nheu v bn bn h ngh}, v nm g
mt cap bng sng che cua M. Ouan tm nghn cu chnh cua ng bao gom quang truy cp net-
cng trnh, chuyn mch quang hoc-g, v gm st quang hoc hu suat.
Nork Mk nhn uoc bng cu nhn v M.S. bng k su n tu t
hoc Shnshu, Nagano, Nht Bn, vo nam 1982 v 1984, tuong ng. Vo nam 1984,
ng tham ga Phng th nghm Yokosuka Truyen thng n, Nppon Tee-
o th} v Tng cng ty n tho cng cng, Kanagawa, Nht Bn, no ng
tham ga vo nghn cu ve h thng truyen t thu bao k thut s su dng vng ap k thut s
xu tn hu. T nam 1991 en nam 1994, ng uoc t cc h thng truyen dn NTT
Cc phng th nghm, Kanagawa, Nht Bn, no ng ten hnh nghn cu trn ng
mng quang hoc cung cap thng tn d u v n tho. T nam 1994
en nam 1997, ng uoc t Cc Pht trn NTT Network Systems, Chba,
Nht Bn, no ng m vc pht trn h thng truy cp cp quang. Cur-
renty, ng ang m vc ve nghn cu v pht trn tc cao hon th ng
mng quang hoc t NTT mng truy nhp H thng D}ch v phng th nghm. Trong
Nam 1999, ng nhn uoc g thuong Thnh tu cua Vn n tu,
Thng tn, truyen thng v k su.
Kyom Kumoak nhn uoc B.E. v M.E. bng cap trong n v n tu
k thut t hoc Cng ngh Toyohash, Toyohash, Nht Bn, trong
Nam 1980 v 1982, tuong ng, v ten s mc t hoc Tohoku, Senda,
Nht Bn, vo nam 2000. Nam 1982, Ong ga nhp NTT Yokosuka n trao thng
ton phng th nghm, Kanagawa, Nht Bn, no ng tham ga vo nghn cu ve
km o truyen k thut s v pht trn cc h thng truy cp k thut s km o.
T nam 1987 en nam 1990, ng m vc trn s pht trn cua h thng truy cp ISDN t
Trung tm Pht trn H thng mng NTT, Kanagawa, Nht Bn. T nam 1991
en nam 1997, ng uoc t cc phng th nghm h thng truyen dn NTT, Kanagawa,
Nht Bn, no ng ten hnh nghn cu trn mng truy cp quang th ng cho
cung cap thng tn d u, n tho, v d}ch v phn ph vdeo. T
1998-2000, ng m vc cho Tng cng ty NTT Communcatons, Tokyo,
Nht Bn, no ng ang tham ga vo xy dng quy m n LAN, WAN, v ton cu
co so h tng mng cho cc doanh nghp knh doanh. T nam 2001, ng m vc v cc
NTT mng truy nhp d}ch v h thng phng th nghm, Chba, Nht Bn, v m vc
nghn cu v pht trn cua mng truy cp the h tep theo bao gom c cao
tc mng quang th ng.
XLIV
Danh sch ng gp
Aan E. Wner nhn uoc bng ten s hoc Coumba, m vc t
AT & T Be Labs v Becore, v go su k thut n t
hoc Nam Caforna (SC). Ong nhn uoc NSF Tng thng
Gng vn nghn cu snh, g thuong t Nh Trng, Packard qu hoc bng,
NSF Ouc ga g tr tra, Fubrght Foundaton cao cap
Cc hoc g, g thuong, IEEE aser v n quang hoc X h (Su Tu) xuat sc
Gng vn du }ch, g thuong, g thuong hoc SC-Wde xuat sc trong
Gng dy, IEEE Feow, Hp h quang hoc cua M (OSA) vn, v Eddy
G thuong gay t Pennwe an cho k thut gp tt nhat
B vet. Hot ng chuyn mn cua go su Wner cua t bao gom: Chu t}ch
IEEE Su Tu, Edtor-n-Chef cua IEEE / OSA Tp ch Lghtwave Cng ngh,
Edtor-n-Chef cua IEEE Tp ch chu e uoc a chon trong n tu hoc uong tu,
ong Chu t}ch H ong Khoa hoc v K thut OSA, Tung-Chu t}ch
H ngh} ve aser v n quang hoc (CLEO), Tng Chu t}ch cua Su Tu
Chuong trnh H ngh} thung nn, chuong trnh ong chu t}ch cua H ngh} thung nn OSA, Chu t}ch
cua Uy ban o c IEEE TAB, v ch o v Uy ban Chuong trnh
Thnh vn cua H ngh} Truyen thng quang (OFC). Go su
Wner c 630 an phm, trong c mt cun sch.
hongq Pan nhn bng ten s trong k thut n cua Trung hoc
Southern Caforna (SC). Ong hn ph go su n
v K thut My tnh v Be South / LEOSF Regents Go su trong Tee-
truyen thng t hoc Lousana t Lafayette. Nghn cu cua Ten s Pan
trong nh vc h thng thng tn so quang, buc sng phn cha nheu
pexng, khuech quang hoc, v cc mng quang hoc. Ong c hon 100 an phm
chc, bao gom ba chuong sch. Ten s Pan phc v nhu cc nh ph bnh cho
Vt ng dng B-aser v quang hoc, Apped Physcs Letters, Optcs Letters,
Ouang Express, IEEE / OSA Tp ch Lghtwave Cng ngh, IEEE quang tu
Cng ngh Thu, chu e uoc chon IEEE Ouantum n tu, v Ouang hoc
Thng tn n c. Ten s Pan mt thnh vn cua Vn n v
K su n tu (IEEE) v Hp h quang hoc cua M (OSA).
Chuong 1
G thu
Cedrc F. Lm
OpVsta Inc
S ga tang gn y trong nhu cu bang thng, do pht trn nhanh chng vdeo
theo yu cu d}ch v (VOD) v cc ng dng ang n n nhu mng cho game,
peer-to-peer t vv ho snh truyen thng quang hoc trong
dustry. Sau hon 20 nam nghn cu hot ng, mng quang th ng
H thng truy cp bang thng rng quang hoc (PON) da trn cu cng nhn thay trn dn rng
trn kha o chu A v Bc M. T chu Au, cc tu sn bay v d}ch v
cc nh cung cap cng ang tch cc tm kem vo Pons nhu bang thng rng the h tep theo
g php truy cp.
1.1 LCH SU BROADBAND ACCESS
MANG VA PON
Mng truy cp uoc truyen thng go mng dam cu cng nhu ho
bao gom cc ket n on cu cng t van phng trung tm cung cap d}ch v '
(CO) cho ngu dng cu. Ho cn uoc go mng u tn dam trong nhng nam gn y nhu
ho nhng phn on u tn cua mng u rng hon xem bo ngu dng cua teecommu-
d}ch v thng. Cap ong v d ve truy cp mng uoc ket n xon-
ng cho m h ga nh c nhn (cn go vng }a phuong) v cp ong trc dn cu
cp gm t ang-ten cng ong truyen hnh (CATV) cung cap d}ch v. W-Max
mt o cng ngh truy cp trong su dng sng rado dam cu cng ket n-
vty. Theo truyen thng, so quang hoc uoc su dng rng r trong cc mng xuong sng
bo v bang thng c san cua ho rat n v mat rat thap. Mac d chat xo c
cng uoc cho m nhu cng ngh truy cp the h tep theo trong mt th gan d, n
M cho en u the k ny m so cu cng nhn thay ngy cng tang cua n
thuong m quan trong nhu cng ngh ket n dam cu cng.
Mng vn thng truyen thng uoc pht trn cho tho tuong t
d}ch v. Trong mt th gan d, 4 kH bang thng cn thet ket n v ket thc
1
2
G thu
ngu su dng cho cc d}ch v tho. Mt mng u ong xon o khp mo no uoc trn kha
cng ty n tho (Be h thng t Hoa Ky v trong PTTs khc
nuc) o cc nuc cng nghp pht trn trong nheu thp k. N khng ph kh tuong tuong
rng cc mng u nhu vy uoc t uu ha cho truyen tn s bng gong n tuong t. Nhu
Trn thc te, t uoc nen knh te tt hon v cho php ap d hon }a phuong
got, cun cm uoc go t cun dy uoc p at o nheu c xon
nh my cap ong nng cao hu suat bang tn s bng gong n. T
cun dy, tuy nhn, m gm bt ng k tn hu tn s cao ngo gong n
bang tn s v m cho ho khng ph hop v bang thng rng ung dy thu bao k thut s
(DSL) d}ch v.
Mac d truyen tn hu bng gong n uoc s ha vo 64 kbps k thut s
knh (DS0) cho TDM chuyn th gan d truc y, tn hu m thanh k thut s uoc
chuyn nguoc ve }nh dng tuong t tuong thch nguoc v tuong t t xa
b n tho truc kh chng uoc gu en ngu dng cu. Internet ng c
cho }a phuong vng k thut s, cng uoc go DSL 1. Internet n u tn uoc pht mnh vo
Nam 1960. Trong mt th gan d sau kh pht mnh cua mnh, Internet uoc su dng chu yeu bo
nghn cu v hoc thut cha s d u. Cc ng dng Internet ph ben u tn
e-ma, uoc pht mnh vo nam 1970. M cho en nhng nam u
Nam 1990, kh Word Wde Web v o hoa gao dn ngu dng cua n MOSAIC
ra, m Internet bt u tro thnh mt phn quan trong cua cuc sng con ngu.
V g hn bang thng tho v ung dy truyen t teng on, tt nhat
tc d u c san t mt modem tuong t m vc trn p bng gong n xon
ung dy cp ong 56 kbps.
1.1.1 Dgta Subscrber Lne (DSL)
Cc tu chun bang rng DSL u tn d}ch v tch hop mng k thut s
H thng (ISDN) uoc pht trn vo nhng nam 1980 bo CCITT ten thn cua
IT-T. ISDN (cn go IDSL) tu chun cung cap c go 2B 1D
m ha e n mt cap xon on. N bao gom ha 64-kbps (2B) knh
cho tho v d u, v mt ty chon 16-kbps (1D) knh k thut s. eu ny cho php mt
tng cng 144 kbps tc d u theo c ha hung. D}ch v ISDN khng bao g ph ben
v ch ph cao v theu cc ng dng st thu.
Nhu cc trang web ket hop ngy cng nheu d u a phuong tn, nhu cu
bang thng d ken s pht trn p ng mong o cua khch hng. Khc nhau
huong v} cua cng ngh DSL (go chung xDSL) uoc pht mnh cho
bang thng rng cung cap d u ve cc cap ong xon. D}ch v DSL su dng cc
d tn s cao hon trn cap xon truyen d u. 0 - 4-kH
ban nhc mang ong bng d}ch v n tho truyen thng c (POTS) dng. Thng thung,
25 - ban nhc 160 kH mang thuong nguon (su dng tu sn bay) d u hung v
240 kH en 1,5 MH ban nhc mang xung (tu sn bay su dng) d u hung.
3
Tc d u DSL v khong cch truyen b} hn che bo tn hu GIM KH-
ments trong cap ong xon 2. S suy gm cua sng n t
trn dy ong tang can bc ha cua tn s tn hu. Do ,
tn hu tn s cao hon m gm bt nhanh hon trn cap xon. Cc aforemen-
cun dy t nhc t trn cc cy xon c ph uoc o b
cung cap d}ch v DSL. Hon na, chat uong dy ong, v cy cu trn cap xon,
v n chuyn qua ga cc cap xon n cn tat c m suy gm tn hu
chat uong.
Hu het cc cng ngh DSL hn nay su dng mt k thut uoc go eu che
eu che r rc muttone (DMT), uoc phn cha ton b tn s
ban nhc thnh 247 knh khe cm 4 kH. Chat uong tn hu trong m khe n tc
gm st v cc tn hu uoc chuyn t khe xau cho nhng ngu tt trong mt thch ng
cch.
DSL khng xng (ADSL) v DSL tc d u rat cao (VDSL) ha
hu het cc d}ch v DSL ph ben. ADSL cung cap tc d u n en h uu
8 Mpbs v tc d u nguoc dng n en 800 kbps, trong mt truyen t a
khong cch 18.000 ft hoac 5500 m. D}ch v VDSL thung uoc h tro v mt so
co so h tng su nhu so-to-the-e ung (FTTC), trong c mt khong cch ngn
cua xon vng ong. Cho 4000-ft (1200 m) cap xon gm khong cch, VDSL
c th h tro n en 52 Mbps v 16 Mbps h uu v thuong uu tc d u
tuong ng. Bng 1.1 ua ra mt bn tm tt cc cng ngh DSL khc nhau
bu dn.
Nhn cc d}ch v DSL, thng thung, ngu dng cn ph c at mt b oc tch
tn hu tho t cc tn hu d u. Mt modem DSL uoc su dng vo cu ngu su dng
ket n ngu su dng v nh cung cap d}ch v thng qua mt knh truy cp DSL
(DSLAM), uoc at t mt nt eu khn t xa hoac CO Cc DSLAM cung cap
pont-to-pont bang thng dnh rng ga cc nh cung cap d}ch v v m u
ngu su dng. K}ch bn ny khc nhau t cc k}ch bn modem cp v PON
m t sau.
1.1.2 Cabe Modem
Mng CATV truyen thng h thng pht sng mt cheu. CATV pro-
gram uoc truyen tn hu tuong t nhu trong bn ph eu che tho ha
band (AM-VSB) }nh dng 3. M knh CATV chem mt tn s 6 MH
b phn ghp (FDM) khe tn s trong quc ga Bc M
ban H thng truyen hnh (NTSC) tu chun hoac khe cm 8-MH trong ga on
dng thay the (PAL) tu chun uoc su dng trong cc phn khc cua the g. Pht sng
Tn hu truyen hnh thng thung chem mt d tn s t 50 MH en 500 MH hoac
750 MH.
4
Bng 1.1
Tm tt cc mn trnh dn cng ngh DSL khc nhau
Tc t a
Lo DSL
ADSL (khng xng
DSL)
HDSL (tc d u cao
DSL)
IDSL (ISDN)
MSDSL (mutrate
DSL xng)
Nguoc dng h uu
800 kbps
8 Mbps
G thu
Max ofPOTS S truyen
dstancenes yu cu h tro
18.000 ft
(5500 m)
12.000 ft
(3650 m)
35.000 ft
(10700 m)
29.000 ft
(8800 m)
18.000 ft
(5500 m)
22.000 ft
(6700 m)
4000 ft
(1200 m)
1
Vng
1.54 Mbps 1.54 Mbps
2
Khng
144 kbps
2 Mbps
144 kbps
2 Mbps
1
1
Khng
Khng
RADSL (t thch ng 1 Mbps
DSL)
SDSL ( xng
DSL)
VDSL (d u rat cao
t DSL)
2.3 Mbps
7 Mbps
1
Vng
2.3 Mbps
1
Khng
16 Mbps
52 Mbps
1
Vng
H thng truyen dn quang tuyen tnh uoc su dng cho tn hu truyen hnh anaog
truyen. Tn hu CATV uoc truyen t headend1 cung cap d}ch v '
van phng cho cc nt so t xa (go nt trung tm), no chng uoc chuyn tro
tn s v tuyen (RF) v men truyen qua cp ong trc ket thc
ngu su dng. V vy, h thng CATV cn uoc go a so cp ong trc (HFC) h thng.
Nh my cp ong trc uoc at ra trong mt ken trc cy v ngnh v cascaded
B khuech RF. So v cap xon, cp ong trc rat tt
1
Cung cap d}ch v CATV c thut ng khc v vn thng truyen thng
cung cap d}ch v. Mt s thut ng c th gy nhm n ga CATV v vn thng
cung cap d}ch v trao thng. Mt headend cp uoc go mt van phng trung tm hoac nt bng
cung cap d}ch v vn thng. N thung nm trc tep trn xuong sng. Vn thng
cung cap d}ch v trao thng cng go xuong sng ct cua mnh cc nt trung tm v phn ph nh
nt nt cnh. Tuy nhn, mt nt trung tm cho cc nh cung cap CATV mt nt phn ph tn hu }a phuong,
m song song v cc nt cnh cung cap d}ch v vn thng.
5
trung bnh bang thng rng v phn ng tn s xuat sc. N c mt tn s c th su dng
n t 1 GH.
T Bc M, cc nh cung cap d}ch v CATV cn go nhau nheu
cc nh kha thc d}ch v (MSOs). Vo ga nhng nam 1990, MSOs bt u c cch cua ho
mt cheu cc h thng pht sng anaog truyen thng bng cch at trong ha cheu RF
b khuech v tro n ket quang hoc ho c th cung cap d u v cc
cc d}ch v nhu VOD. Lut Vn thng 1996 4 o Hoa Ky t do ha
th} trung d}ch v vn thng. MSOs tn dng cp ong trc cua ho
cp cung cap d}ch v d u bang thng rng thng qua modem cp.
Khng gng nhu phn cn cua the g, no d}ch v DSL uoc thm rat nheu ph ben hon
modem cp, t Hoa Ky, modem cp hnh thc thng tr} cua
truy cp bang thng rng v nheu do. Th nhat, phm v bo hm nh my ong trc CATV
t Hoa Ky xa hon chnh hon so v cc nuc khc. Phn n cc
h ga nh uoc ket n v cc nh cung cap thng qua MSO got cp ong trc. Sec-
ondy, quc ga u tn v cc trn kha d}ch v n tho o mo no,
hu het cc cap xon o Hoa Ky qu c, qu d, v qu
km chat uong cho php cc d}ch v DSL. Th ba, cc d u qua d}ch v cp
gao dn ac m k thut (DOCSIS) 5 1.0 pht hnh thng 3 nam 1997 c ngha
ng gp cho s thnh cng cua modem cp o M bng cch cung cap mt
ac m k thut chung cho mutvendor kh nang tuong tc v do gp
gm cc thet b} v d}ch v ch ph.
Tu chun DOCSIS uoc pht trn bo cp Labs. Trong mt h thng modem cp,
modem cp t cc h ga nh uoc ket n v mt modem cp termn-
h thng aton (CMTS) t mt van phng trung tm. Cp ong trc cy v ngnh
nh my hnh thnh mt phuong tn cha s ga nhng ngu su dng modem cp. D u khch
hng
ghp bng cch su dng th gan phn cha (TDM) chuong trnh. H uu
tn hu d u t headend uoc pht sng vo modem cp c nhn thng qua
nh my cp ong trc. M modem cp c nhn nhn d u cua mnh bng cch
ID nhng vo d u h uu. CMTS hot ng eu khn truy nhp trung bnh
(MAC) m chu cc khe th gan nguoc dng cho m modem cp. y
rat khc nhau t cc h thng DSL, no mt ung dy chuyn dng uoc cung cap ga
Modem DSL v DSLAM.
Modem cp su dng 0 - en d tn s 45 MH trong cp ong trc cho
truyen nguoc dng. D tn s ny thung c knh ngho char-
acterstcs do cc khp n t cc nguon nhu cc thet b} n trong nh.
Mt nguon tn khc cua s suy tho trong ban nhc thuong nguon do teng on chu hm
nh huong t tat c ngu dng o thuong nguon.
DOCSIS quy }nh mt k thut eu che uoc go bn vung gc
eu che (OAM) 6, m ha nheu bt thng tn trn m
bu tuong. V d, trn mt knh 256-OAM, m bu tuong dn cho 8 bt
(Log2256) thng tn, do 5 MSP (mega bu tuong cho m th ha) knh
c th mang theo mt uong d u 40 Mbps. rng knh DOCSIS 1.0 quy }nh ga
6
G thu
200 kH v 3,2 MH. 64-OAM v 256-OAM uoc su dng cho h uu
eu che. Cho cc ket n thuong nguon, ga on vung gc chuyn keyng (OPSK,
tuong uong v 4-OAM) v 16-OAM uoc su dng. eu ny cho php mt thuong nguon
v thng h uu cua 10 Mbps v 38 Mbps tuong ng. DOCSIS 2.0
5 nng cao nang c thuong nguon bng cch su dng 32 -, 64 - v 128-OAM.
ph v s ga tang nhu cu bang thng cua khch hng, DOCSIS 3.0 5
tep tc tang bang thng d u c san cho trn 100 Mbps trong c ha phuong hung-
tons thng qua mt k thut go ghp knh. Hu suat ng k
c thn uoc thc hn bng cch n ket 4 knh RF mt knh d u hop duy nhat.
Bng 1.2 tm tt cc tc d u cua cc phn bn DOCSIS khc nhau. Khc nhau
phn bn cua gao thc DOCSIS uoc thc hn tuong thch nguoc.
Mac d cc modem cp thng uong t a c th t 38 Mbps xung
dng v 10 Mbps trong DOCSIS 1.0, hu het cc MSOs tang tc t a-
tc d u mum t ngu su dng t 3 Mbps 8 Mbps ung xung v t
200 kbps en 800 kbps thuong nguon v tnh chat cha s cua cp
bang thng modem. G cao hon cng c san ngu dng san sng
tr g cao. M ngu dng bang thng c san c th uoc c thn bng cch gm
kch thuc nhm cha s, tc gm kch thuc cua m cy ong trc bng cch y
so su hon vo nh vc ny. Trong h thng HFC hn , kch thuc nhm c pheu
thung t 50 en 100 h ga nh m nt so 7.
Ken trc modem cp c rat nheu m tuong ong v thung thay nhat
ken trc PON n tch, mac d ho su dng phuong tn truyen thng hon ton khc nhau cho
truyen. C ha h thng modem cp v n tch PON su dng mt m-
a m (P2MP) nh my phn ph cy v ngnh nhu truyen cha s med-
IM trong s tat c cc nt ket thc. C ha eu su dng TDM cho MAC. Trong mt modem cp
h thng truy cp, CMTS v modem cp to thnh mt m quan h master-save cho
km sot phuong tn. CMTS km sot vc phn b bang thng cho modem cp. Trong
mt PON n tch, cc thet b} u cu ung quang (OLT) v mng quang hoc
on v} (ON) to thnh mt m quan h master-save km sot phuong tn. OLT
phn b km sot bang thng cho ONs. Phn b bang thng nang ng
(DBA) cn thet trong c ha h thng modem cp v n tch Pons.
Bng 1.2
Tm tt cc tc d u DOCIS
Tc d u t a
Phn bn DOCSIS
1.0
2.0
3.0
H uu
38 Mbps
40 Mbps
160 Mbps
Thuong nguon
10 Mbps
30 Mbps
120 Mbps
7
1.1.3 H thng truy cp cp
Vng }a phuong su dng cp quang ket n truy cp uoc go xo-n-the-
vng ap (FITL) h thng 8-9. So quang hoc c o the bang thng cao,
tn that thap, v teng on thap. So v nh my cp ong trc, m thung
h nheu b khuech RF cascaded, nh my so n chung sch hon
v yu cu bo dung rat t.
Nghn cu cho FITL bt u vo nhng nam 1980 10-11. H thng truy cp cp quang cng c
go chat xo-to-the-x h thng (FTTx), no'' x'' c th'' nh,'''' e ung''
'' Co so, khu ph'''''', vv, ty thuc vo cch su trong nh vc so
trn kha hoac m the no ng n ngu su dng. Trong mt h thng so to-the-nh (FTTH),
so uoc ket n tat c cc cch t nh cung cap d}ch v cho ngu dng ga nh. Trong mt
H thng FTTC, chat xo uoc ket n v e ung cua mt cng ong no quang
tn hu uoc chuyn thnh cc men n v phn ph cho ngu dng cu
thng qua cap xon. V vy, mt h thng FTTC cng c th uoc co mt
so xon h thng hybrd .
Ngy nay, hu het mo ngu ngh ve FTTx P2MP n tch Pons
(PS-Pons). Trong thc te, h thng truy cp cp quang c th m-m (P2P) hoac P2MP.
Hon na, ho c th su dng mt nt phn ph t xa hot ng nhu mt Ethernet
chuyn hoac mt b tch th ng on gn nhu nt phn ph t xa uoc su dng trong PS-
Pons. Trong thc te, NTT thng qua ken trc P2P trong mt s thu nghm FTTH u 12.
Mt o PON go WDM-PON su dng mt b a buc sng
nt phn ph t xa 11. PON ken trc s uoc m t ch tet trong
Chap. 2.
Mac d FITL trong thu nghm mt th gan d k t kh e ngh}, ch ph cao cua
cc thnh phn so quang v theu cc ng dng st thu cho bang thng cao
uoc cung cap bo cc so quang hoc uoc ro cn v cc ng dng thc s cua n. PON
ken trc uoc e xuat nhu mt cch cha s bang thng n ga cc so
nheu ngu su dng thng qua mt b cha th ng, v do c thn cho m ngu dng ch ph
cua FITL.
PON m vc tu chun ha bt u vo nhng nam 1990 kh hng d on nhanh
tang truong trong nhu cu bang thng. Trong nam 1995, mng truy cp d}ch v y u (FSAN)
13 tp on uoc thnh p bo cc nh kha thc vn thng ton cu by trong
cudng Brtsh Teecom, NTT, v Be South chun ha thng thung yu cu-
cc tuyn b v cc d}ch v cho mt h thng truy cp mng quang th ng. Mt trong nhng mc
tu
cua FSAN to ra nen knh te cua quy m v h thap ch ph cp quang
h thng truy cp bng cch thc y cc tu chun chung.
Khuyen ngh} FSAN sau uoc thng qua bo Ouc te Vn thng-
trao thng non (IT) IT-T G.983 BPON (tc bang thng rng PON)
tu chun 14-16. G.983 quy }nh 622 Mbps h uu v 155 Mbps hoac
622 Mbps tc d u tng hop thuong nguon. M OLT uoc cha s n en 32
ONs v khong cch t a 20 km ga OLT v ON.
8
G thu
BPONs su dng TDM cho nheu truy cp v chuyn che khng ong b (ATM)
te bo cho d u khung. Do , mt BPON cng uoc go mt PON ATM hoac APON
cho ngn.
Tu chun G.983.3 16 quy }nh phn cha buc sng song trn mt on
so v 1,3 mm buc sng cho truyen dn thuong uu v 1,49 mm sng
cheu d truyen h uu. Cua s buc sng 1,55 mm
dnh cho tn hu anaog TV p phu. Tu chun BPON u xc }nh cc tham kho-
nghm m hnh ken trc v m trung ph thuc (PMD) p vt . Nhung n
cng rat nheu cc }nh dng thng p qun km sot v khng xc }nh cho mt
trong kh ng k.
BPONs ch c thu nghm v trn kha hn che. Trong v nam qua,
Ethernet n n nhu mt cng ngh thng tr} khung cho d u IP packeted
truyen. Trong thng ba nam 2001, cc nhm tu chun IEEE 802.3 bt u 802.3ah
Ethernet trong Frst Me (EFM) d n 17. Mt trong nhng eu cua 802.3ah
nhm m vc chun ha vc vn chuyn khung Ethernet trn P2MP Pons
hoac EPON. Cc IEEE802.3ah chun uoc ph chun vo thng Su nam 2004. N xc }nh mt
thng thuong nguon v h nguon cua 1 Gbps v khong cch truyen dn
10 km hoac 20 km v 16 ONs m OLT.
EPON tro nn ph ben to n trong cc nuc ng A, ac bt
Nht Bn v Hn Ouc. NTT a chon EPON nhu tu chun cho quy m n cua n
FTTH trn kha 12. Tuy nhn, EPON khng t uoc nheu thuong m
thnh cng t Hoa Ky.
Cng mt c m EPON uoc pht trn bo IEEE, nghn cu cua IT-T
Nhm 15 (SG15) cng m vc trn cc the h tep theo uoc go PON Ggabt-
c kh nang PON (G-PON). Thng s k thut G-PON b} bt g trong ot G.984
khuyen ngh} 18-20. G-PON tang tc truyen t en 2,5 Gbps
h uu v 1,25 Gbps hay 2.5 Gbps thuong nguon. Bn cnh , n su dng mt khung m
co che go che ng g G-PON (GEM), m da trn cc
Y tuong ban u cua thu tc khung chung (GFP).
G-PON uoc a chon nhu tu chun cua Veron, SBC (nay AT & T), v Be
Pha nam vo thng Gng 2003 kh ba nh kha thc vn thng uong nhm
ban hnh mt yu cu chung v e xuat (RFP) cho cp quang t cc ten e (FTTP). Cc
cc cng ty s su dng G-PON cnh tranh v MSOs trong vc cung cap c go
trpe-pay (vdeo, tho v d u) d}ch v.
1.1.4 Ethernet
Ethernet uoc pht mnh vo nhng nam 1970 21. Ban u n uoc pht mnh nhu mt }a
phuong
cng ngh mng cho ket n my tnh bn. Ethernet c
uoc thet p vng chc nhu gao dn ngu dng chun cua s a chon ket n IP
thet b}. Hon 90 cua cc g tn IP uoc to ra v cham dt nhu
9
Ethernet frames.2 Ethernet bao gom y ha p (tc p vt v
n ket d u p) cua m hnh tham cheu OSI. N uoc chun IEEE 802.3
nhm tu chun. Hnh 1.1 cho thay xu hung pht trn cua cng ngh Ethernet-
ngh v mng u khu vc }a phuong.
V bang thng cao, ch ph thap, v d su dng v c at,
Ethernet tro thnh cng ngh ph ben nhat cho mng d u. Sau kh
s bng n Internet, uu uong d u IP trong mng vn thng
vuot qua rat nheu cua cc uu uong tho TDM truyen thng. Gao thng nhu vy
bt u v ket thc nhu khung Ethernet. Hon na, cc d}ch v vdeo trc tuyen
cng ang chuyn sang nen tng k thut s trn nen IP. Cc my chu vdeo m c ha dng
pht sng v tn hu truyen hnh theo yu cu nhu cc g tn Ethernet. Xu c hu qu
Do , cc g tn ethernet rat quan trong trong cc mng the h tep theo.
Ethernet the h u tn su dng gao thc MAC uoc go Carrer Sense
Mutpe Access v pht hn va chm (CSMA / CD) cho mng n b
22. Tat c cc host uoc ket n trong mt (MP2MP) ong trc a-a
1.000.000
Tc Ethernet (Mbps)
100.000
10.000
1000
100
10
1
1985
ng trc
cp, UT1
UT,
MM!
MM!, "M!
##$M
Ter%b&t
Ethernet'
UT,
MM!, "M!
1990
1995
(000
)*+
(005
(010
(015
UT, -h.ng /01c che ch02 cp 345n .&
"M!, s&ng6e7+48e s9&
MM!, s9& %
##$M, rng b/:c s;ng gh<p -=nh ph>n ch&%
1. 107Mb Ethernet s? 8ng cp ng trc @ /9c pht tr&An tr4ng nhBng n*+ 1980. Ethernet
trC n=n rDt phE b&Fn s%G -h& 10HI"E7T /9c pht +&nh JK4 n*+ 1990.
Hnh 1.1 Xu hung pht trn cua cng ngh Ethernet.
2
Trong mng chuyn mch, cc on v} d u gao thc (PD) trn p 3 cua m hnh tham cheu ISO hoac
p IP thung uoc go g. Lp 2 hoac gao thc Ethernet on v} d u thung
uoc go khung hnh. Ha thut ng thung uoc su dng thay the cho nhau.
10
G thu
dng xe but. M trm c th trc tep gao tep v mt trm trong mt mng ngang hng
to-peer th trang. Gao thc CSMA / CD hon ton phn tn. N khng
yu cu mt b eu khn tng th cho trong t bang thng trn truyen med-
um. Tuy nhn, gao thc CSMA / CD cng g hn tc truyen t v
khong cch. Kh tang tc d u, kch thuc mng uoc thu nh
cho ph hop.
G hn khong cch truyen dn p at bo cc gao thc CSMA / CD
o b kh fu-dupex Ethernet uoc g thu. Trong mt fu-dupex hn
Ethernet, tat c cc trm trong mng gao tep v nhau thng qua mt
Ln ket P2P chuyn mt (cn go cu). Chuyn mch thc hn trong t trung bnh
ga cc trm ket n v chuyn tep cc g tn t nh ga en trm trong mt xuyn
trm th trang (tc ket n cha me khng c ken thc ve s ton t cua
chuyn mch).
Hot ng chuyn mch Ethernet uoc quy }nh trong IEEE802.1 Spannng Tree
Protoco (STP) 23. STP rat quan trong che fu-dupex Ethernet oper-
aton, m o b cc g hn khong cch CSMA / CD gao thc p dng. N
cho php cc khung Ethernet uoc truyen en khong cch ch g hn bo th chat
khem knh nhu teng on v s suy gm. hu uoc nguyn tc
hn Ethernet, a thc s cn ph c ken thc cua c ha IEEE802.3 v
802,1 tu chun.
EPON to ra mt ken trc P2MP Ethernet m khc nhau t
MP2MP ban u v cc m hnh P2P. V do ny, mt chc nang th ua P2P c
uoc g thu trong EPON hot ng v Ethernet 802,1 da trn
chuyn .
Lu mt h thng PON su dng Ethernet (nhu trong EPON), ATM (nhu trong BPON),
hoac GEM (nhu trong G-PON) cho d u ng g ga OLT v
au n, khng c ngh ng rng Ethernet mt ph h tro gao dn ngu su dng mng
(NI) mt au n ph cung cap ket n v mng u khch hng
thet b}.
Trong v nam qua, Ethernet nhanh chng d chuyn ra kh khu vc }a phuong
mng vo mng ung trc. D}ch v Ethernet tn trc tuyen end-to-end
ngy cng tro nn ph ben hon. Ethernet truyen thng cung cap n c tt nhat
d}ch v v theu kh nang cua cc thu cua ho TDM nhu SONET cho
qun . Tu chun IEEE802.3ah EFM thm mt hot ng, Admns-
traton, v qun (OAM) Lp con Ethernet. Tuy nhn, OAM
Lp con chu yeu tp trung vo mt tp hop con hn che ve gm st hot ng
chc nang cua cc p vt v n ket.
thc s cung cap cc d}ch v Ethernet, ngu vn chuyn ph c kh nang
km sot v qun cc ket n Ethernet. Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) 24,
mt t hop cng nghp uoc thnh p thc y cc d}ch v Ethernet, uoc thc hn
cc n c cua Hp }nh quy }nh c th mc d}ch v (SLA) v OAM cho tu sn bay
Ethernet. Cc t chc tu chun khc nhu IT v Internet Engneerng
11
Task Force (IETF) cng u tu nheu n c m cho Ethernet hon
qun v ph hop v cung cap d}ch v end-to-end.
1.1.5 WDM trong mng truy cp quang
Buc sng ghp knh phn cha (WDM) m tang cng suat h thng bng cch xuyn
mttng nheu buc sng trn mt so on. K thut WDM th c
uoc p dng trong cc h thng PON tch thuong nguon v h nguon
tn hu, v cung cap vdeo p phu tuong t 16. Mt o the quan trong cua
cp quang bang thng hu nhu khng g hn cua n t mt quan m truy cp.
Th p phu WDM trn mt PON n tch mt cch r rng cung cap
d}ch v khc nhau v kh nang tang h thng. V d, ngu ta c th tch rng
ph quang vo ban nhc WDM th khc nhau v mt k su G-PON
h thng trong mt d buc sng v mt EPON trong mt ban nhc khc nhau, tang gap
g tr} cua nh my so tn km 25.
Tat c cc h thng PON e cp en nay su dng mt couper n phn ph
tn hu t OLT cho ngu su dng t ONs khc nhau. Trong mt h thng WDM-PON, mt WDM
couper uoc su dng phn ph tn hu ngu dng khc nhau. M ON uoc phn b
v buc sng rng cua mnh. Mt h thng nhu vy c o the ve nang c cao,
mnh bch rng tu, v gao thc. Y tuong cua WDM-PON n u tn uoc e xuat
bo Wagner v by g trong thu nghm thc }a t Hn Ouc bo Korea Teecom.
Bng cch su dng mt chu ky buc sng (hoac c go khng mu) thet b} AWG, ngu ta c th
trng hoac nhn ra nheu mng WDM-PON trn mt nh my so vt .
Nhng thch thc cua WDM-PON km sot n }nh buc sng v ch ph thap co-
nguon quang oress cho ONs. Rat nheu nghn cu uoc thc hn trong nhng
khu vc sn xuat thet b} AWG khng mu thc te nht
bo thung, v khng mu su dng nguon tuong cua tm kha mt Fabry-
Perot dode aser hoac phn cheu cc b khuech bn dn quang hoc (RSOAs).
Chuong 3 s m t cc cng ngh ny mt cch ch tet hon. N mt van e th gan
truc kh cc thet b} ny cu cng s tro thnh c san kh bang thng
Yu cu t en m m t cc h thng WDM-PON s cn thet
p ng nhu cu cua khch hng. WDM-PON nn cho php truy cp bang thng rng quang hoc
mng o th ng trong mt th gan ng k truc kh cc mng truy nhp quang
cu cng tro thnh hot ng.
1.1.6 ng dng ker
Lnh vc vn thng b nho ng k trong u
cua the k ny v tm trng phan kho trong vc trn kha nang c. Sau kh mt s
nam tr tr, nhu cu ve bang thng ang tang truong tro , v c
12
G thu
tro thnh ng c cho s nht tnh gn y o Pons v FTTx
pht trn.
S rat th v} kh bet rng e-ma v Word Wde Web
ng dng st thu u tn v th ha trong }ch su cua Internet v n uoc
e xuat trong nhng nam 1960. Internet uoc cho hng nhu trnh eu khn bang thng trong
mng vn thng hn . Mt ot cc ng dng m xuat hn
trong v nam qua. V d ve cc bao gom cc mng peer-to-peer, cha s
m nhc v vdeo cp, cho game mng, v bng gong n qua IP.
Trong s tat c cc ng dng ang n n, quan trong nhat ph ben rng r
thng qua truyen hnh k thut s v VOD. Tn hu truyen hnh k thut s uoc d dng hon vn
chuyn
so v nhng ngu tuong t v cc tuyen tnh thap hon nheu v t tn hu trn nhu
yu cu. T mt quan m k thut, d}ch v VOD tro thnh by g
kh th v: (1) cng ngh nn vdeo mpeg m tremen-
dousy gm bang thng v nang c cn thet cho vdeo s ha xuyn
nhm v v uu tr, (2) b nh n tu, uu tr, xu v cng ngh
m cho n c th uu tr v chuyn hng ngn b phm trong thc te kch thuc
my chu vdeo, v (3) WDM ch ph thap, Ggabt, v 10Ggabt Ethernet xuyn
cng ngh kch hot nhm v vn chuyn knh te bang thng cao
tn hu vdeo. V d, mt n ket Ggabt Ethernet c kh nang mang 240
dng tn hu vdeo phn g tu chun mpeg-2 }nh dng 26, m trong s
h 3,5 Mbps bang thng so v 200 Mbps cho m knh uoc su dng trong
cu cng the h vdeo k thut s pht sng khng ong b gao dn nghm trong
(DVB-ASI) da trn h thng truyen hnh k thut s.
T gc knh doanh, uoc huong o t c ten n tc cua
bang thng truy cp, Internet tro thnh mt hnh thc m quan trong cua phuong tn truyen
thng
trong cuc sng cua ngu dn. Vc mua hng t a cua YouTube cua Googe trong nam 2006
mt s phn nh r rng ve s pht trn ny. cnh tranh v Internet,
cc cng ty cp ang bn rn phc ho d}ch v cua ho v cc chuong trnh VOD su dng IPTV
cng ngh. Ngo ra, gm c vn v hot ng
ch ph, tu sn bay uoc sp nhp vdeo cua ho v nen tng phn ph d u vo mt
nen tng thng nhat da trn cng ngh IP. VOD tro thnh on xn-k get ngu
ton pht trn truy cp mng bang thng rng.
1.2 XEM XT KINH TE
PHAT TRIN PON
1.2.1 Bao nhu bang thng u
Mt cu h c thung uoc h :'' bao nhu bang thng s u cho mt
ngu dng cu'' Nhu cu bang thng xe cua cc n dung c san trn
mng, m ch g hn bo tr tuong tuong. Cng ngh c kh nang s tm thay
Cn nhc knh te trong pht trn PON
Bng 1.3
Yu cu bang thng cho cc d}ch v IP khc nhau
ng dng
Vdeo (SDTV)
Vdeo (HDTV)
T xa
Vdeo game
Gong n
T peer-to-peer
Bang thng
3.5 Mbps
15 Mbps
10 Mbps
10 Mbps
64 kbps
100 kbps-100 Mbps
OoS
13
Tn that thap, tter thap, tc khng
Tuong t nhu trn
N c cao nhat, bng pht
Tn that thap, tter thap, bng pht
Tn that thap, tr thap, tc khng
N c tt nhat
cc ng dng cua ho thng qua s sng to cua con ngu. Internet khng c g m
kh Word Wde Web uoc pht mnh vo u nhng nam 1990. K t n c
thay cch mo ngu sng trong vng v nam.
Chng t cng thay rng san sng cua cc ng dng nhu VOD xy ra
t nhn kh mt s yeu t k thut knh te en v nhau. Neu khng c
mng bang thng rng g c ph chang, ngay c kh nn v uu tr cc cng ngh-
uoc uoc hon thn, s khng c d}ch v VOD. Thay v suy on nhu the no
nheu bang thng u, chng t ch tm tt cc yu cu bang thng cho
cc ng dng khc nhau trong mt ga nh n hnh trong Bng 1.3.
Mt ket n ben vng cua 100 Mbps s cho php mt b phm DVD 8 GB ket thc
t trong khong 10 pht, s uoc so snh v th gan thc hn
en cua hng cho thu bang a t kh tep theo. N khng ph kh tuong tuong
Yu cu 100 Mbps bang thng rng m h ga nh. Trong thc te, nang c mt chnh
xem xt kh RBOCs ban hnh RFP G-PON doanh cua ho cho FTTP
ng dng vo thng Gng nam 2003.
1.2.2 Chnh sch v Ouy che nh huong
Trn kha mng u gao thng h vn tr truc ng k.
Bat c kh no c th, cng ty s un un mun nng cap ten ha
co so h tng d sn cua ho v t a ha g tr} u tu hn c.
Khng gng nhu o M, o hu het cc chnh phu cc nuc chu A
hn che ton t cho cc nh cung cap d}ch v vn thng cung cap n dung
cc d}ch v nhu vdeo streamng 27-28. Tuy nhn, cc quc ga nhu Nam
Hn Ouc v Nht Bn t uoc ten b ng k trong cc mng truy cp bang thng rng
ket qu cua chnh phu khuyen khch pht trn cng ngh m. T phn tram
khn ngoan, Hn Ouc c phm v bo hm bang thng rng nhat trn the g, trong kh Nht Bn
chem ha phn ba s ngu su dng FTTH ton cu.
14
G thu
O Bc M, b b quy }nh n tc cua ngnh cng nghp vn thng
g thu cnh tranh khc t ga MSOs v uong nhm khu vc Chung
Cc cng ty hot ng (RBOCs). Ouy }nh m cho php MSOs v RBOCs
vo cc th} trung truyen thng cua nhau.
MSOs khng ch hon thnh chuyn ke tha mt cch qung b cua ho
mng cp ong trc vo mt mng ha cheu, nhung cng ang dng
o the cua mng bang thng rng cua ho HFC cung cap d u tc cao, k thut s
D}ch v truyen hnh, v gong n. Ph mat v s cnh tranh t MSOs v nhanh chng
x mn g cua cc d}ch v tho d sn cua ho, RBOCs cn ph nng cap 100 cua ho -
nh my truy cp ong xon tu ph hop hoac vuot qua cc d}ch v cung cap
bo MSOs. Mt ken trc so mng truy cp su hoac FTTx s a chon t nhn
tuong a chng mnh u tu m cua ho.
T Hoa Ky, mt trong nhng uu cho RBOCs xy dng so su
co so h tng b qua cc yu cu cha s vng tep cn cua ho v
thu cnh tranh. g thu cuc th vo vn thng
th} trung, chnh phu M yu cu cc tu sn bay truyen thng uong nhm Khng bt buc
(Mo) truy cp xon cua vng thu cnh tranh cua ho. Yu cu nhu vy,
Tuy nhn, khng p dng cho u tu co so h tng truy cp m nhu FTTx.
1.2.3 Nhng n c tu chun
Cc DOCSIS 5 tu chun pht trn chung cua ngnh cng nghp cp mt
yeu t quan trong cho s thnh cng cua th} trung modem cp t Hoa Ky bo
to ra thng s k thut chung mutvendor tuong thch, v do nhat thet-
nen knh te thet ve quy m.
RFP doanh t RBOCs Hoa Ky nam 2003 uoc nhm t to
Cu chuyn DOCSIS trong nh vc PON. FSAN v IT cc t chc tu chun
ch}u trch nhm ve BPON G.983 seres v G.984 ot tu chun G-PON.
Ha t chc ny cng ang uu tr s kn thu nghm kh nang tuong tc ga cc
cc nh cung cap sn xuat v thet b} BPON G-PON.
IEEE 802.3 nhm tu chun ch}u trch nhm cho s pht trn EPON. Ny
nhm truyen thng c mt ho so theo d tt cua vc theo d cc ch tet trong
yu cu k thut m bo kh nang tuong tc.
1.2.4 cn nhc ch ph
Nhu e cp o phn u, mac d PON uoc pht mnh trong hon 20
nam, n khng uoc thnh cng ve mat thuong m cho en gn y. Mt h thng truy cp
ket n ngu dng cu thng qua COS vng }a phuong trong ha cch. Cc on gn
phuong php tep cn chy mt cap rng bt cua dy (go chy ve nh) t m ngu dng
cu
T chc cua Sch
15
cho Cng ty TNHH gao Ngo ra, }a phuong vng u tn ket n ngu dng cu mt t xa
thet b} u cu (RT), trong nheu thnh cc tn hu c nhn trn mt dng np. Cc
dng np n uot n v mt CO Feeder }a phuong cung cap dng tang bo
gm s uong dy cn thet ket n m ngu dng v CO
C s nh ga ch ph cua thet b} n tu trong RT v cc khon tet km
t uoc t s tang . Neu ch ph cua RT cao, n chung, nheu ngu su dng
cn thet cha s ch ph, v cheu d cua cc vng }a phuong s c xu hung uoc u hon.
Khong cch vng ap }a phuong no ch ph cua RT bt u c ngha knh te
uoc go khong cch chng mnh trong. Khong cch chng mnh trong gm nhu cng ngh n
tu
c thn. Trong mt h thng PON, RT ch on gn mt b cha quang th ng hoac n
WDM couper.
Cn nhn ra rng theu cc ng dng st thu khng ph do cho s
thng qua chm chp cua cng ngh PON. cho PON tro thnh m m-
bt kh th, ch ph eu hnh mt vng ap }a phuong so (ao ng vn) cn ph uoc
trong ngang tm v mt chy mt cap vng xon, khong $ 1000 trong
Hoa Ky. Trong mt th gan ng k th gan, thnh phn cp quang
chem mt phn ng k ch ph trn kha PON. Ch ph cao cua
thnh phn quang hoc nhng ro cn chnh cho vc trn kha FTTH.
c thn cc m hnh knh te cua mng truy nhp quang, thay v
ko so tat c cc cch ga nh, h thng PON uoc e xuat cho
ng dng FTTx khc nhau, no cc au n uoc at o e ung hoac xy dng
tng hm n c th uoc cha s bo mt nhm ngu dng thng qua gm ngn
cap xon. Ch ph cua cc thnh phn quang hoc xung ng k trong
nhng nam gn y v FTTH hn ang thc hn rat nheu ngha cho bang thng cao
truy cp bang thng rng.
PON thuc truy cp mng. Thet b} truy cp thung uoc trn kha trong
kh uong n. Do ho rat ch ph nhy cm. Trong mt h thng PON, ch ph
cua au n cn ph uoc nhn v s uong ngu dng. Ch ph ny mt trong ha borne
bo nh cung cap d}ch v hoac ngu dng cu. Do , ch ph thap quan trong nhat
xem xt trong thet ke au n.
1.3 TO CHC CUA SACH
Cun sch ny bao gom by chuong, bao gom cc kha cnh khc nhau cua PON
cng ngh.
Chuong 1 bt u v }ch su cua mng truy cp bang thng rng v PON
pht trn. N cng tho un ve cc c uong knh te v chnh sch sau rng
pht trn co so h tng ban nhc.
Chuong 2 xem xt cc ken trc khc nhau v cc cng ngh PON. N mo
cch hu uoc do v tret ng sau cng ngh PON
pht trn, s uoc e cp trong cc chuong tep theo.
16
G thu
Chuong 3 trt bao gom cc cng ngh quang PON n quan v nh nuc cua ho
cua ngh thut.
Chuong 4 tp trung vo cc tnh chat v ac m cua PON transce-
vers, m kh khc nhau t nhng ngu su dng thng thung v ha so,
n tc che h thng truyen dn quang.
Chuong 5 nh g qu trnh khc nhau, v phn b bang thng nang ng
gao thc, cn thet cc hot ng v hu suat cua n
h thng PON tch TDM.
Kh tc PON v d}ch v kch thuc nhm tang, tn cy v tnh san sng
cng tro nn quan trong hon. Chuong 6 tho un ve bo v chuyn
v cc chuong trnh phc ho uu uong truy cp cho cc h thng PON.
Mt h thng PON khc v h thng cp quang truyen thng trong P2MP v
mt so ken trc truyen ha cheu. Chuong 7 nghn cu cc thch
enges m t, theo d, chn on v n ket quang hoc trong mt h thng PON.
mong mun cua chng t trnh by cun sch ny nhu mt t u tham kho ton dn
cua PON
cng ngh cho nhng ngu quan tm trong vc pht trn v s hu bet ny nhanh
khu vc ang pht trn.
THAM KHO
1 K.G. Coffman v sng Odyko'', tang truong cua Internet, trong'' Cp quang vn thng-
muncatons IV B, thay n dung bo I. Kamnow v T. L, pp17-59, Academc Press, 2002.
2 .A.C. Bngham, ADSL, VDSL v Mutcarrer Moduaton, ohn Wey & Sons, 2000.
3 W.I. Way, Bang thng rng Hybrd Fber / Coax truy cp h thng cng ngh, Nhan hoc tp,
1999.
4 Uy ban Truyen thng Ln bang, o ut Vn thng nam 1996, c san t
http://www.fcc.gov/Reports/tcom1996.pdf v http://www.fcc.gov/teecom.htm
5 Cabe Labs, d u trn d}ch v cp k thut gao dn (DOCSIS), c san t
http://www.cabemodem.com/specfcatons/
6 .G. Proaks, Truyen thng k thut s, 3 / e (Chap. 4), McGraw-H, 1995.
7 O.. Sneko, T. Warner, D. Combs, E. Sandno, X. Lu, T. Darce, A. Gnauck, S. Wood-
phung, v B. Desa,'' HFC Ken trc trong vc hnh'' NCTA k thut Cc gay t, 1999.
8 N Frgo,'' Mt cuc kho st cua so quang trong cau trc truy nhp,'' trong Cp quang
Vn thng, III A, thay n dung bo I. Kamnow v T.L. Koch, pp461-522, Hoc
Bo ch, nam 1997.
9 E. Harstead v P.H. van Heynngen'' quang mng u truy cp'' trong Cp quang
Tececommuncatons, IV B, thay n dung bo I. Kamnow v T. L, pp438-513, Hoc
Bo ch, nam 2002.
10 S.S. Wagner, H. Kobrnsk, T.. Ao chong, H.L. Lemberg, v L.S. Smmot'' nghm
cuc bu tnh cua mt ken trc thu bao vng quang th ng,'' c cu. Lett., Vo.24,
pp344-346, 1988.
11 SS Wagner v HL Lemberg,'' cng ngh v cc van e h thng cho mt so WDM da trn
ken trc vng ap,'' IEEE . Lghtwave Tech., Vo.7, s 11, pp1759-1768, 1989.
12 H. Shnohara,'' truy cp bang thng rng t Nht Bn: th} trung FTTH pht trn nhanh chng,'' IEEE
Commun. Mag., pp72-78, thng 9 nam 2005.
T u tham kho
17
13 trang web FSAN: http://www.fsanweb.org/
14 IT-T, nam 1998, Khuyen ngh} G.983.1, H thng truy cp bang thng rng da trn quang th ng
Mng quang (PON).
15 IT-T, 2000, Khuyen ngh} G.983.2, Oun v km sot ONT gao dn ac t
tons cho ATM PON.
16 IT-T, 2001, Khuyen ngh} G.983.3, Mt h thng truy cp bang thng rng quang hoc v tang
kh nang d}ch v bng cch phn b buc sng.
17 IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet cho cc trang web u tn Me, c san t http://www.eee802.org/3/
EFM /
18 IT-T, 2003, Khuyen ngh} G.984.1, Gagbt c kh nang th ng Mng quang
(G-PON): ac m chung.
19 IT-T, 2003, Khuyen ngh} G.984.2, Passve Optca Networks ggabt c kh nang
(G-PON): Truyen thng vt ph thuc (PMD) p ac m k thut.
20 IT-T, 2004, Khuyen ngh} G.984.3, Passve Optca Networks ggabt c kh nang
(G-PON): Lp ac m k thut h t truyen dn.
21 R.M. Metcafe,'' Ethernet: g phn ph chuyn cho cc mng my tnh cc b,''
Thng tn n c cua ACM, vo.19, s 9, pp395-404, thng 7 nam 1976.
22 chun IEEE 802.3, Cm nhn sng mang nheu truy cp v pht hn va chm (CSMA / CD)
phuong php tep cn v k thut p vt , 2005 Edton.
23 chun IEEE 802.1D, Km sot truy cp phuong tn truyen thng (MAC) cu, 1993.
24 Webste cua MEF: http://www.metroethernetforum.org/
25 N. Frgo v C.F. Lam'' WDM p phu cua APON v quan m EPON-mt cua hng,''
c san t http://grouper.eee.org/groups/802/3/efm/pubc/sep01/am_1_0901.pdf
26 ISO / IEC 13818-1:2000, Cng ngh thng tn m ha chung cua hnh nh chuyn ng v
thng tn m thanh n quan: H thng, 2000.
27 K. Song v Yong-Kyung Lee'', mng truy cp bang thng rng v cc d}ch v trong o Hn Ouc, trong''
Mng bang thng rng truy cp quang hoc v quang-to-the-Home, thay n dung bo C. Ln, pp69-106,
ohn Wey & Sons, 2006.
28 . Wang v . hao,'' h thng FTTH, chen uoc v ke hoch trn kha o Trung Ouc,'' trong
Mng bang thng rng truy cp quang hoc v quang-to-the-Home, thay n dung bo C. Ln, pp233-249,
ohn Wey & Sons, 2006.
Trang ny c trng
Chuong 2
PON Ken trc xt
Cedrc F. Lm
OpVsta Inc
2.1 FTTx TONG OAN
Cau trc chung cua mt mng u vn thng hn bao gom
ba phn chnh: xuong sng (hoac core) mng, tu n ngm / mng u khu vc, v
truy cp mng (Hnh 2.1).
Trn mt mc rat cao, mng u ung trc chnh uoc su dng cho ung d xuyn
cng v tu n ngm / mng u khu vc ch}u trch nhm ve trang phc gao thng v a
pexng chc nang. Cau trc h thng ung trc v tu n ngm thung hon
thng nhat hon cc mng truy nhp v ch ph cua ho uoc cha s ga mt s uong n
ngu su dng. Cc mng ny uoc xy dng v nh nuc-of-the-ngh thut so quang v buc sng
ghp knh phn cha (WDM) cng ngh cung cap ket n cng suat n.
Truy cp mng cung cap ket n ngu dng cu. Chng uoc at trong gn prox-
mty cho ngu dng cu v trn kha v s uong n. Nhu c th thay t hnh. 2.1,
mng truy cp ton t du nheu hnh thc khc nhau v nheu do thc te. Trong mt
m trung m h thng d sn ton t, cc tu sn bay c xu hung gm thu cua ho
u tu vn c to cc co so h tng hn c v thay ga tang,
trong kh o mt m trung xanh-nh vc, n thung m cho ngha hon trn kha trong tuong a
cng ngh bng chng m m c th cch mng v gy r.
So v vng truy cp ong da trn truyen thng, cp quang hu nhu
g hn bang thng (trong phm v cua tera-hert hoac TH bang thng c th su dng).
Trn kha so tat c cc cch nh do phc v mc ch cua tuong a
chng u tu vn. Mt mng quang th ng (PON) mt dng cua chat xo
truy cp quang mng. Hu het mo ngu ngy nay su dng PON nhu mt t ong ngha cua FTTx,
mac d thc te rng sau ny mang mt ngha rng hon nheu.
Hnh 2.2 cho thay cc a chon thay the cua FTTx 1. Nhu nhn thay t hnh, trong
trung hop on gn, so quang c nhn c th uoc chy trc tep t van phng trung tm (CO)
cho ngu su dng trong mt ken trc ng sao duy nhat ket thc. Ngo ra, mt eu khn t xa hot
ng hoac th ng
19
20
PON Ken trc xt
MLng trGM cNp
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(Pt 6Q&) +Lng
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100T10 HT
MTU
Hnh 2.1 Cau trc chung cua mt mng vn thng hn .
termna1 (RT) v cc chc nang ghp knh c th uoc at trong nh vc ny gm
tng s dam so trong nh vc ny. Mt mng PON uoc ac trung bo mt RT th ng.
Trong mt mng truy nhp quang, s st gm cu cng khch hng c th uoc so (FTTH),
cp ong trc (nhu trong mt h thng HFC), cap xon hoac rado (FTTC). Trong thc te, mt
H thng PON c th uoc su dng cho FTTH hay FTTC / FTTP ty thuc vo vc
cham dt cp quang (hoac v} tr au n) ngu su dng, hoac mt ngu hng xm-
mu xe v mo rng thng qua ong hoac n ket v tuyen cho ngu dng. Trong cun sch ny,
chng t
khng phn bt ga FTTH v FTTC / FTTP.
2.2 TDM-PON VS WDM-PON
Hnh 2.3 cho thay ken trc cua mt th gan phn cha PON (TDM-
PON) v buc sng ghp knh phn cha (WDM) PON 2. Trong c ha cau
tures, nh my so t thet b} u cu ung quang (OLT) t mt CO en quang
on v} mng (ONs) t cc }a m cua khch hng hon ton th ng.
Mt hn cho RT nt t xa (RN). Trong cun sch ny, ha thut ng ny s uoc
su dng thay the cho nhau t no ny en no khc.
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Th&Ft b] &Rn t? h4Lt ng
cG%ng th ng
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ng
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Hnh 2.2 FTTx a chon thay the (t 1 bn quyen 2004 bo IEEE, n v s cho php).
Mt TDM-PON su dng mt b cha n th ng nhu cc thet b} u cu t xa. Cng
tn hu t OLT uoc pht sng ONs khc nhau cua sptter n.
Tn hu cho ONs khc nhau uoc ghp trong men th gan. ONs nhn
d u cua mnh thng qua cc nhn }a ch nhng trong cc tn hu. Hu het cc
Pons thuong m (bao gom c BPON, G-PON, v EPON) thuc th o ny.
Mt WDM-PON su dng mt couper WDM th ng nhu cc thet b} u cu t xa. Tn hu
cho khc nhau ONs uoc thc hn trn buc sng khc nhau v chuyn bo cc
WDM couper au n thch hop. V m ON ch nhn rng cua mnh
buc sng, WDM-PON c s rng tu tt hon v kh nang mo rng tt hon. Tuy nhn,
Thet b} WDM t hon ng k, m m cho WDM-Pons
knh te km hap dn t th m ny.
2.3 HE THONG TRYEN OANG
2.3.1 quang
S mat mt thap, teng on thap, v bang thng cc n cua so quang
m cho n tuong cho ung d truyen mng ung trc. Gn y,
22
PON Ken trc xt
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Hnh 2.3 Ken trc (a) TDM-PON v (b) WDM-PON.
nh vc truyen thng cp quang pht trn to n, nh
s pht trn cua cng ngh WDM. L ket qu cua s pht trn ny, ch ph
cua cc thnh phn so quang gm ng k en mc m by g
thuong m kh th p dng cng ngh cp quang trong mng truy nhp.
So quang ng dn sng m bng knh c tnh khet cao 3. Hnh tr
ct cua mt so c chet suat thap hon mt cht so v p v xung quanh
n. So quang hoc c th uoc phn o che on hoac a. Tu chun duy nhat-
mode (SMF) c ung knh nh khong 10 mm v h cao
co kh chnh xc cho tn hu n. Trn bn tay, so a khc
(MMFs) c ung knh n d dng n ket v khp n. C ha
thung thay MMFs v ung knh ct cua 50 mm v 62:5 mm tuong ng.
Nhu hnh. 2.4, nh sng ch c th tuyn truyen trong mt che trong mt SMF
trong kh c nheu phuong thc m cc tn hu nh sng c th truyen trong mt MMF
v kch thuc n 3. Cc che tuyn truyen v tc khc nhau v
dn en phuong thc phn tn trong MMF. Phuong thc phn tn gy ra xung tn hu
mo rng, do hn che bang thng tn hu v khong cch truyen dn. Cc
sn phm bang thng khong cch MMF uoc o bng mega-hert km
(MH km).
Theo truyen thng, SMF uoc su dng cho truyen xuong sng d
v MMF cho cc ket n xy dng }a phuong. Nhu chng ta thay t Chap. 1 m
"9& 0n +48e
"9& %
23
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MM!, chGng /^ng -enh 6Q& 50 , \(.5
Hnh 2.4 Cp quang on mode (SMF) vs so a (MMF).
v co so h tng ong xon hn t, mt trong nhng c th t uoc hng chc
cua megabt m tc d u th ha. V vy, cho h thng PON, hoac FTTx
c ngha knh te v tuong a chng mnh vc u tu, n cung cap unpara-
kh nang eed rng nh my ong truyen thng khng th cung cap, tc ggabt
theo t d u th ha o khong cch km. V do ny, tc cao quang hoc
mng truy cp su dng SMF nhu tr nguoc v MMF. Trong cun sch ny, chng t chu yeu
ph v
SMF.
2.3.2 Phn tn Chromatc
Phuong thc phn tn khng ph mt van e trong SMF. Tuy nhn, s phn tn sc
ton t trong SMF. Nguyn nhn do tc truyen khc nhau cua nh sng
tn hu buc sng hoac tn s khc nhau. Nhu bu tuong d u chem hu hn
nh}p tn s, phn tn mu mo rng xung tn hu quang hoc nhu ho
tuyn truyen thng qua cc so quang hoc v sn xuat n hnh pht t
nhn.
Phn tn mu sc uoc ac trung bo cc tham s D phn tn,
o bng on v} cua ps / nm / km. N mang cho mo rng DT (Trong pco gy) cua mt
xung v bang thng dl 1 nm trn quang ph quang hoc, sau kh xung
truyen qua 1 km khong cch cua chat xo. Cho mt xung quang ty propa-
gatng trong mt mng u cp quang, tng s mo rng uoc cho bo:
DT Ddl L
(2:1)
u L khong cch truyen dn uoc ua ra trong cy.
Bang thng eu che dl cua mt tn hu quang hoc chuyn g hn v NR
(Nonreturn khng) eu che, khong n quan en tc d u R nhu:
DLA (L2 C! R
(2:2)
24
PON Ken trc xt
u l buc sng cua sng mang quang. Mt tn hu nhu vy thung uoc sn xuat
v mt aser c buc sng chat uong cao thng qua eu che bn ngo. Trong
nheu trung hop, sn uong t cc nguon quang ta ra mt quang ph hu hn
khu vc rng n hon nheu so v bang thng eu che cua d u, trong chem uu the
dl v do phn tn mu.
H s phn tn mt hm cua buc sng quang hoc 3. Hnh 2.5
cho thay h s phn tn nhu mt chc nang cua cc buc sng khc nhau cho
cc o so quang. Tu chun so on mode thung o duy nhat cua
so uoc su dng trong mt h thng PON. Nhu c th thay t hnh. 2.5, tu chun SMF c
gn 0 phn tn xung quanh vng c buc sng 01:03-mm v 17-ps/nm/km
phn tn xung quanh 01:55 mm, no pha tp erbum b khuech so
(EDFA)-cng ngh khuech quang hoc truong thnh nhat m vc tt nhat.
Phn tn mu sc nh huong en s a chon cua buc sng quang hoc v my pht
cng ngh cho cc ket n thuong nguon v h nguon, m s uoc phn
tho un sm sau .
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(i $) )h7$"!, ph>n tn -hc -h.ng tech cUc chGMAn chDt 30
$"!, ph>n tn chGMAn chDt 30 J:& gSn nh/ bqng -h.ng ph>n tn tr4ng b*ng tSn P
Hnh 2.5 H s phn tn nhu mt chc nang cua buc sng v nheu o so quang.
25
2.3.3 so mat
Mat so quang nh huong en ngn sch nang uong, g hn vt
khong cch v tch t c th t uoc trong mt h thng PON. c
so ARD uoc m bng Sca (SO2), vt u rat gng nhau cua thuy tnh v
ct. Hnh 2.6 cho thay s mat mt trong mt so quang Sca t khc nhau sng
d.
Trong khu vc buc sng ngn, mat tn hu quang hoc uoc g hn bo Rayegh
phn tn trong kh o khu vc buc sng d, tn x quang hoc do mng
rung ng g hn mat tn hu. Hnh 2.6 cng cho thay tn cua quang hoc khc nhau
cc ban nhc v cc }a m ph cua ho. N ch ra rng C-band (vet tt cua
ban nhc thng thung) buc sng tr nghm s mat mt tn hu t thu. Nhu nhng ngu n
ng-
nhc t truc , vng ph ny khu vc no my pht quang c th
d dng t uoc v EDFAs 4. eu ny m cho d buc sng ph hop nhat
v a chon ung d truyen WDM v truyen CATV tuong t
5 no quyen c cao cn thet t uoc t nghm ngat vn chuyn-to-nose
(CNR) yu cu.
Trong so thng thung, s suy gm nh t }a phuong xung quanh 01:38 mm
buc sng (trong E-band). Cao m ny }a phuong (cn go nh cao nuc)
do s hap th cua OHtp chat cn t sn xuat so.
K thut thanh oc tt hon g b cc nh nuc trong so m nhu
Tat c cc chat xo-Wave t Tng cng ty OFS-Fte v so SMF-28e t
Cornng Inc eu ny m cho quang ph E-ban nhc c san cho th WDM
cc ng dng.
10
MDt (8H T -+)
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rGng ng
1
WZ
W
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Hnh 2.6 Mat trong mt so quang o cc buc sng khc nhau.
26
PON Ken trc xt
H thng PON chu yeu xy dng v 01:03 mm (O-band) cho thuong nguon
truyen dn tn hu, 01:49 mm (S-band) truyen h uu, v
01:55-mm (C-band) buc sng cho mt ty chon tn hu CATV tuong t p phu.
Vc su dng cc bang tn ny s uoc g thch ch tet hon trong phn sau. Cc
mat so m xung quanh vng c buc sng 01:55-mm c th thap nhu
0.19 dB / km 6. N cng cn uu rng xung quanh buc sng 1:03 mm
khu vc su dng truyen thuong nguon, mat so quang khong 0,33-0,35 dB /
km, cao hon so v trong vng c buc sng 1:05 mm ng k.
2.3.4 Ha cheu truyen
2.3.4.1 Ha so vs One-quang
H thng thng tn cp quang thng thung su dng ha so rng bt cho
thng tn n c ha cheu. eu ny cng uoc go phn cha khng gan song, hoac ha
cch tep cn chat xo. Phuong php on gn ny khng yu cu tch
thuong nguon (au n OLT) v h uu (OLT au n) cc tn hu trong th gan,
nh vc tn s, hoac buc sng, v rat on gn thc hn. Trong mt TDM-
H thng PON, cch tep cn ha so h ha b cha quang n trong
nh vc trong kh trong mt h thng WDM-PON, mt hoac ha b ghp knh WDM c th
uoc su dng trong cc nh vc (Chap. 3). Trong tm chnh cua chng t trong phn ny s uoc
quyen c tch-
da trn TDM-PON. WDM-Pons s uoc tho un trong mt phn rng bt.
Thng thung, quyen c tch Pons v ha so, buc sng 01:03-mm
su dng cho c truyen thuong nguon v h v ch ph thap Fabry-
Perot (FP) aser c san o buc sng ny, v ho c th uoc su dng
m khng c nheu o ng ve tc dng so phn tn.
Mac d on gn cua n, v thm chat xo cn thet v s cn thet ph
cham dt v qun mt sptter th ha, g php ha so tn km hon
hon cc g php mt so t c ha thu v quan m hot ng.
2.3.4.2 Mt so on buc sng Fu Dupex
Trong phuong php ny, ch c mt so quang uoc su dng cho c ha pha thuong uu v
ket n h uu. Mt on gn 3-dB 01:02 hung couper uoc su dng o
OLT v ON tch cc tn hu quang hoc pha thuong uu v h uu. Mt v d
h thng uoc mnh hoa trong hnh. 2.7 (a).
Van e cua phuong php ny ghp 3 dB g thu khong 3,5 dB
mat tn hu trn m u cua n ket truyen t v tn thuong h thng n
ngn sch. Hon na, tn hu truyen c th uoc phn tn vo thu }a phuong
nhu gn ket thc n chuyn qua (NEXT), uoc mnh hoa trong hnh. 2.7 (b). Cho rng
27
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Hnh 2.7 (A) Mt so on buc sng truyen dn ha cheu. (B) gn cu n chuyn qua
(NEXT).
nhn uoc cung tn hu h uu gm cc couper quang t RT
v cng suat my pht }a phuong thung cao, TIEP at mt yu cu nghm ngat
trn eu khn phn nh 7. Hon na, neu cc buc sng ON v OLT
xy ra uoc rat gn, TIEP s sn xuat mch c n chuyn qua, m thm ch cn
bat o hon.
2.3.4.3 Tme Dvson Dupex
Trong cch tep cn phn cha th gan cng, b OLT v ON cat quay sang su dng
chat xo trong mt th trang bng bn cho truyen thuong nguon v h nguon. Nhu nhau
v mt so on buc sng cch tep cn song cng, b ghp }nh hung
su dng t OLT v ONs tch thuong nguon v h nguon tn hu quang hoc.
Hu qu Tep theo trnh uoc bng cch tch tn hu thuong uu v h uu trong
men th gan, v ch ph cua vc gm thng uong h thng tng th ve
50. OLT eu ph cc khe th gan uoc gao cho thuong nguon v h nguon
truyen. Nhn che chp uoc yu cu o c OLT v ON.
2.3.5 Buc sng Dvson Dupex
Cc phuong php phn cha buc sng song cng phn bt thuong nguon v h nguon
truyen dn tn hu bng cch su dng cc buc sng khc nhau. d dng km sot buc sng,
mt
th 01:03 01:05-mm buc sng n ha mat scheme2 uoc chon tch thuong nguon
2
Nhu e cp truc , buc sng h uu chnh xc uoc su dng trong tu chun cng nghp Pons
thc s 01:49 mm.
28
1.5
T
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PON Ken trc xt
1.5
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T
1.k
Hnh 2.8 Song cng phn cha buc sng su dng 1:03 1:05 mm couper WDM th (dpexer)
thuong nguon v h nguon tn hu rng bt.
v tn hu h uu (Hnh 2.8) 8. Cua s o m buc sng uoc thc hn
u n khng c km sot nht cn thet n }nh ta aser
buc sng u ra.
gm ch ph h thng tng th, eu quan trong su dng ch ph thap quang hoc
cc thnh phn. FP aser rat on gn sn xuat v c cng suat u ra tt
v tn cy. Tuy nhn, nhng aser pht ra nheu hon mt buc sng xc }nh bo
tn s ap cua khoang (Chap. 3). L ket qu cua phn tn mu,
cc che khc nhau theo cheu doc s tuyn truyen v tc khc nhau, dn en
xung mo rng v can thp ntersymbo.
O tc cao, hu ng phn tn do nheu che pht x aser FP
c th g hn khong cch truyen dn. Nhu e cp truc , tc dng nhu vy t thu
cho tu chun SMF gn vng c buc sng 1:03 mm no phn tn
h s gn nhu bng khng. Laser F-P t 1:05 mm vng c buc sng (D 17 ps /
nm / km) c cheu rng quang ph ac trung cua dl 2,5 nm. V vy, v mt truyen
khong cch 10 km, xung mo rng DT 425 ps theo phuong trnh. (2.1). Nhu mt
V d, trong tu chun IEEE802.3ah EPON 9, khon 60, t bu tuong
1,25 Gbaud / s sau kh 8B10B p vt m ha. Cc xung mo rng do
n hnh 1:05 mm ta aser FP o khong cch truyen dn 10 km hon mt nua s
th gan bu tuong (800 ps) (g su eu che NR). V vy, khng dsper-
bo thung son, FP aser khng ph hop t 1:05 mm buc sng truyen.
Snge-mode t hon DFB (phn ho phn ph) aser 10 v
ph hep u ra cn thet truyen 01:05-mm. Do , thap
ch ph 1:03 mm aser FP uoc su dng t ONs truyen thuong nguon v 1:05 mm
DFB aser uoc su dng t OLT truyen h uu no can ch ph cua n
uoc cha s cua nheu ONs ket n v OLT.
Mt trong nhng o the cua phn cha buc sng song cng phn nh
nh sng pha h uu cng sptter s chua cham dt cng fttered cua dpexer
t OLT. eu ny m gm cc yu cu ket n phn x o xa
nt n sptter. Trong ga on trn kha ban u cua mt h thng PON,
c t s thap v hu het cc b cha cng qut ra nt t xa c th
khng su dng. Neu khng c s dpexer buc sng, eu ny c th sn xuat rat nheu khng mong
mun
can thp vo tn hu nguoc dng-nhn t OLT neu nhng ket n uoc
Chen uoc nang uong cha nh fe trong mt TDM-PON
29
khng cham dt ng. Mt nguon nh sng phn x khng mong mun t
ph v cc so phn ph trong nh vc ny.
2.4 CHIEN LUOC POWER-TACH TREN
Mt TDM-PON
2.4.1 Ken trc Tch
Mc ch cua phn cha quyen c bao gom: (1) cha s ch ph v bang thng cua
OLT trong ONs v (2) gm s dam so trong nh vc ny. Ngo cc
on gn chen uoc tch mt ga on (hnh 2.9 (a)), sptter cng c th uoc cascaded trong
nh vc nhu hnh. 2.9 (b). Trong trung hop cc oan nhat, hnh thc chat xo trung chuyn
mt xe but quang hoc v ONs uoc ket n v n t cc }a m khc nhau doc theo con ung
cua n
qua 01:02 sptter my quang hoc nhu hnh. 2.9 (c).
Ken trc tch thc te ph thuc vo nhn khu cua ngu su dng v
ch ph qun nheu b cha. T mt quan m qun cua xem, n thung
on gn c mt sptter duy nhat phn ph trong nh vc ny, m m cho n
d dng hon v gm thu ket n v n .
Trong mt xe but hoac ken trc cy nhu hnh. 2.9 (c), neu tat c cc sptter c cng
t phn cha quyen c, au n xa s b} truyen nhat v
DG n&
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DG n&
DG n&
DG n&
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DG n&
Hnh 2.9 Chen uoc phn cha trong mt TDM-PON: (a) tch mt ga on, (b) cha nheu tng,
v (c) cc bus quang.
30
PON Ken trc xt
mat tch v tro thnh nt c cha h thng. Sptter v tch khng ong eu
t c th uoc su dng c thn t suat o nhun sc mnh tng th. Tuy nhn, chng hn
t uu ha yu cu th gng sptter khng ong dng v do rat kh
qun .
2.4.2 T cha nh fe
Hu het cc h thng PON thuong m c t cha tch 1:16 hoac 1:32.
Mt t phn cha cao hon c ngha ch ph cua PON OLT uoc cha s tt hon
trong ONs. Tuy nhn, t cha tch trc tep nh huong en h thng n
ngn sch v tn that truyen t. S mat mt cha tuong cho mt 1: cha N 10
og (N) dB. h tro t n tch, my pht cng suat cao,
thu nhy cm, v cc thnh phn quang hoc thap mat uoc yu cu. Cao hon
t phn cha cng c ngha t nang uong cn mat so dy v nh
o nhun dnh cho s gm st h thng khc v cc ben th. V vy, cho en
mt m nhat }nh, t phn cha cao hon s to ra o nhun gm dn. Nghn cu
cho thay knh te t phn cha t uu nhat o u xung quanh
01:40 11.
Mt t phn cha cao cng c ngha bang thng uoc cha s ga OLT hon
ONs v s dn en t bang thng cho m ngu dng. t uoc mt t bt nhat }nh
(BER) thc hn, mt nang uong t thu cho m bt cn thet khc phc
teng on h thng. Do , tang t bt t OLT cng s tang
sc mnh (m sn phm cua tc bt v nang uong bt) cn thet cho xuyn
nhm v. Sc mnh truyen b} hn che bo cng ngh aser
(Laser thng thung c khong u ra 0-10-dBm n) v an ton
yu cu do co quan qun 12.
2,5 tu chun thuong m TMD-PON
HA TNG
Hnh 2.10 cho thay ken trc cua mt tu chun thuong m TDM-PON
cau trc. Ken trc chung ny p dng cho APON, EPON, v G-PON.
Trong ken trc ny, mt OLT uoc ket n v ONs qua 01:32 sptter.3 Cc
Khong cch truyen t a uoc bo hm thung 10-20 km. Thuong nguon drec-
ha gao thng t ONs uoc thc hn trn 1,3 mm buc sng v gao thng h uu
t OLTs trn 1,49 mm buc sng.
Mt au n cung cap mt hoac nheu cng cho ket n tho v d u khch hng
ket n (10/100BASE-T Ethernet). Cc ket n bng gong n c th uoc T1/E1
3
Trong mt s trung hop, t phn cha nh hon nhu 1:8 hoac 1:16 c th uoc su dng.
Tu chun thuong m TMD-PON co so h tng
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31
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Hnh 2.10 Tu chun thuong m ken trc TMD-PON.
cng cho ngu su dng thuong m v d}ch v n tho ong bng c (POTS) cho resden-
TIAL ngu su dng.
Nheu OLTs trong CO uoc ket n v mt swtch ung trc hoac cho
ket n, cng ket n chng vo mng ung trc. Trong mt tu sn bay envr-
onment, OLTs thung uoc xy dng nhu th dng uoc ua vo mt
khung xe. Khung xe cng c th uu tr cc swtch ung trc / qua ket n v cung cap
cc ket n en OLTs thng qua mt my bay tro tc cao.
Ket n ga OLT v ON uoc go phn PON. Cc
tn hu vn chuyn trong phn ny c th uoc m ha v ghp trong khc nhau
}nh dng v cc chuong trnh ph thuc vo tu chun PON thc hn. Neverthe-
t hon, vuot ra ngo phn PON, tn hu }nh dng chun uoc su dng cho khch hng n
mat tay-off, chuyn , v ket n cho. Nhu e cp o Chuong. 1, nheu nhat
gao dn tu chun thung uoc su dng hn nay gao dn Ethernet.
Trong phn PON, tn hu t v ONs khc nhau khung n
. M khung hnh uoc xc }nh v mt ID au n duy nhat trong cc tu e khung. Cc
bat ng sn hung 1: N tch quang m cho n ket h uu mt one-to-
nheu ket n pht sng. Mat khc, theo hung thuong nguon mt
nheu-mt ket n, khung tc gu t tat c ONs s en o
OLT, nhung khng c ha ONs c th trc tep gu tn hu ve pha nhau trn
p quang hoc. eu ny ng rng thng tn n c ga ONs cn ph uoc
chuyn cho CO v chuyn tep v s gp cua OLT.
2.5.1 OLT v ON cau trc
Hnh 2.11 v 2.12 cho thay cau trc chung cua mt TDM-PON OLT v
au n tuong ng 8. Cc (p vt ph thuc) p PMD xc }nh
thu pht quang hoc v dpexer buc sng t mt OLT hoac au n.
eu khn truy cp trung bnh (MAC) p }ch quyen su dng vt
trung bnh ganh ua cho n ket so cha s trnh trong khc nhau
32
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Hnh 2.11 Cau trc chung cua mt tu chun TDM-PON OLT. So o ny dn cho mt
khung gm v nheu th OLT, uoc ket n v nhau thng qua mt chuyn my bay tro . M
Th OLT v p MAC v PMD rng cua mnh phc v PON rng bt.
ONs. Trong mt h thng PON, p MAC t OLT phc v nhu bc thy v cc
Lp MAC t mt au n nhu mt khch hng. OLT xc }nh th gan bt u v ket thc
rng mt au n ac bt cho php chuyn.
Nhu hnh. 2.11, mt OLT c th cha nheu MAC v PMD
trung hop n c th uoc ket n v nheu h thng PON. Mt ket n cho
t OLT cung cap cc ket n v chuyn ga cc PON khc nhau
h thng, ONs, v mng ung trc. Lp thch ng d}ch v trong mt
OLT cung cap cc d}ch ga cc }nh dng tn hu xuong sng v PON
phn tn hu. Gao dn t mt OLT v mng xuong sng uoc go
gao dn mng u d}ch v (SNI).
Mt au n cung cap ket n en OLT trong phn PON qua
au n MAC v PMD (Hnh 2.12). Lp thch ng d}ch v trong ON
cung cap cc d}ch ga cc }nh dng tn hu cho cc thet b} cua khch hng
ket n v }nh dng tn hu PON. Gao dn t mt au n cho khch hng
thet b} mng uoc go gao dn ngu su dng mng (NI). D}ch v MX /
Phn DMX cung cap chc nang ghp knh cho cc gao dn khch hng khc nhau.
Thng thung, nheu NI c san t mt au n cho o hnh d}ch v khc nhau
(V d d u, tho). M NI c th h tro mt }nh dng tn hu khc nhau v yu cu cua n
rng d}ch v thch ng khc nhau.
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Hnh 2.12 Cau trc chung cua mt tu chun TDM-PON au n.
2.5.2 Burst Mode hot ng v Khc nhau
Theo hung h uu, cc OLT ntereaves khung dnh cho s khc
ONs ent nhu mt dng n tc v pht sng cho tat c cc ONs. M ON
chet xuat khung hnh rng cua mnh da trn }a ch tu e.
Theo hung thuong nguon, m ON c pht quang cua chnh mnh
gao tep v OLT. V ch c mt thu quang t
OLT, ONs cn ph thay phn nhau gu d u cua ho v OLT. Trong mt thng thung
h thng truyen dn, truyen v nhn cua n un un duy tr synchron-
ha bng cch truyen mt m hnh nhn r kh khng c d u gu. Trong mt PON
h thng, kh mt au n khng gu d u thuong nguon, n ph tt n
my pht trnh nh huong t truyen thuong nguon ONs khc. C-
Cho nn, trong mt h thng TDM-PON, truyen t che chp uoc su dng o thuong nguon
hung. Truyen che chp cng uoc su dng trong the h u ong trc-
h thng cp Ethernet LAN nhu 10BASE-2 v 10BASE-5.
M kh au n truyen mt tn hu bng n v OLT, n cn ph u tn gu
mt chu mo u cua OLT. OLT su dng phn mo u nhu mt o to
trnh t eu chnh ngung quyet }nh cua mnh v thc hn ong b v
au n. Hon na, mt th gan bo v uoc dnh rng ga cc cm t khc nhau ONs
cho php ngu nhn OLT phc ho trng th ban u cua n truc kh s bng n tep theo.
Cc
th gan bo v ga cc v n cho bet thm cc ch ph cho bang thng hu qu v nn uoc
gm thu trong thet ke h thng.
trnh va chm ga cc cm t ONs khc nhau, n cn thet
ph hop hoac }ch trnh truyen thuong nguon. The h u cua Ethernet
su dng mt co che eu khn phn tn uoc go cm nhn sng mang nheu truy cp v
pht hn va chm (CSMA / CD) trnh }ch 9. Tuy nhn, CSMA /
Co che CD khng th uoc su dng trong mt h thng PON v nhng do sau y: (1)
sptter n hung m cho cm gc vn chuyn v pht hn va chm khng th
34
PON Ken trc xt
bo v khng c su dng thu thut ac bt khng au n c th theo d truyen t quang hoc
son t ONs khc trn PON cng, v (2) khong cch tc d u v
bao phu bo mt h thng PON vuot qu rat nheu g hn do CSMA / CD
gao thc. Gao thc CSMA / CD tro nn rat hu qu du cao bang
cheu rng v d khong cch truyen dn 13, Chap. 4.
Lp ke hoch uoc thc hn bo p OLT MAC trong mt h thng PON. ONs
nm o nhng khong cch khc nhau t OLT. Do , tn hu t khc nhau
ONs s tr nghm s chm tr khc nhau truc kh en OLT. Do ,
quan trong thet p mt tham cheu th gan ga OLT v ON mt
sau kh chem s chm tr chat xo, kh tn hu au n en t OLT, n
en c chnh xc cng mt th m m cc OLT c }nh cho au n
truyen. Cc tham cheu th gan ga OLT v ONs uoc thnh p
thng qua khc nhau, qu trnh.
Khc nhau, cc bn php tr hon chuyen vng quanh ga mt ON v OLT. Trong
thc hn khc nhau, cc OLT gu ra mt khc nhau, yu cu au n (s)
uoc dao ng. Mt ON tham ga khc nhau, sau tr v mt khc nhau,
phn ng en OLT. OLT o th gan chuyen vng quanh (RTT) t
phn ng khc nhau, v cp nht cc au n v s chm tr ny. RTT uoc uu tr
trong OLT hoac au n m su dng n eu chnh th gan m khung d u t
cc au n uoc truyen. Tat c cc ONs uoc n ket en mt chung
tham cheu th gan hop sau kh va chm khc nhau, v vy eu khng xy ra trong mt PON
h thng.
Kh khc nhau, yu cu uoc gu , cc OLT ph dnh mt khong th gan
go khc nhau, cua s cho ONs unranged tr . Kch thuc cua dao ng
cua s ph thuc vo s chm tr khc bt n nhat ga cc au n gn nhat
v au n xa. Chm tr tn hu quang hoc trong 1 km so 5 ms. Do ,
20 km khong cch khc bt ga ONs, mt s khc bt cua RTT
200 ms cn ph uoc bo uu trong cua s khc nhau. Hu het cc tu chun PON
ch }nh mt khong cch vt t a 20 km t mt ON en OLT 8, 9,
Khon 60, 14. Cn nhn ra rng neu cc g hn trn v du
cua ON y uoc bet en OLT (v d nhu thng qua vc cung qun ),
sau thay v at mt cua s khc nhau, bao gom t a cho php
tch bt ga mt ON v mt OLT, kch thuc cua cua s khc nhau, c th
uoc gm xung ch bao gom cc khong cch khc bt t a trong
ONs. eu ny m gm ch ph khc nhau, v c thn bang thng tng th
hu qu.
Khc nhau, thung uoc thc hn vo th m mt ON tham ga mt PON. Th gan-OLT
cay chuong trnh pht sng khc nhau, yu cu au n khm ph. Mt au n m pht hn
khc nhau, yu cu v phn ng v cc OLT trong cua s khc nhau, Ltd
sau kh yu cu khc nhau. Neu nheu ONs n c tham ga PON ong
th gan, va chm c th xy ra. Va chm trong pht hn uoc g quyet bng s ung h ONs
u v mt s chm tr ngu nhn.
35
Trong hot ng, au n v OLT c th n tc theo d fuctu-
aton cua RTT do s thay nhu thay nht , v thc hn tt
eu chnh bng cch cp nht cc g tr} ang k RTT.
2.5.3 C-Band Anaog CATV tn hu Overay
Ngo bang thng rng cung cap d u, phn ph chuong trnh truyen hnh m
soned nhu mt d}ch v PON chnh trong u. Nhu ch ra o Chuong. 1,
d}ch v truyen hnh tuong t uoc phn ph bng cch su dng buc sng 1550-mm trong mt
H thng HFC trong mt th gan d 5. Mac d g hn cua n, mt cch pht sng anaog
Truyen hnh mt phuong php on gn v hu qu truyen cc d}ch v vdeo cho mt nhm n
cua
ngu su dng.
Mt phuong php nhanh chng v d dng cung cap d}ch v truyen hnh trn TDM-PON trc
tep
pht sng tn hu truyen hnh tuong t cho ngu dng trn cc buc sng 1:55 mm ket thc (Hnh
2.13)
su dng mt buc sng ghp 16. Nhu uoc ch ra trong hnh. 2.13, cc 01:55-mm sng
Cheu d c th uoc khuech bo mt EDFA t CO pht sng en nheu
Pons t uoc cha s tt hon cc nguon t nguyn TV tuong t.
Cc tn hu truyen hnh tuong t uoc bc ra t au n v chuyn thnh thung xuyn
Tn hu RF trn cp ong trc su dng mt set-top box (STB), cung cap mt on gn
OE (quang n) chc nang chuyn . Trong thc te, vc chuyn tuong t
chc nang uoc xy dng vo ON trong cung cap mt tu chun 75-V khch hng cp ong trc
gao dn. Hon na, mt 1:03 1:49 1:55 mm trpexer buc sng uoc su dng thay the
cua ha dpexers cascaded nhu hnh. 2.13.
Mt van e tem nang trong cau hnh nhu vy s xung cap cua cc sng mang con
tn hu truyen hnh anaog trn 1:55 mm buc sng bng buc sng 1:49 mm
tn hu k thut s o h nguon, c tc dng mt my bom Raman en 01:55-mm tuong t
tn hu 17. K t kh buc sng h uu uoc eu che, n m gm s
tu sn bay to-nose rato (CNR) cua cc tn hu tuong t ac bt cho tn s thap
knh sng mang con.
Trong v nam qua, cc d}ch v IPTV k thut s v theo yu cu pht trn nhanh chng
v thay the d}ch v truyen hnh anaog truyen thng. Xu hung hn nay c nhng
o the cua mt mng IP h t v cng ngh Ethernet ch ph thap
m ha tn hu truyen hnh nhu cc g MPEG / IP / Ethernet. Mt xu hung nhu tang tc
thng nhat cua h thng phn ph truyen hnh v mng d u, khng ch
m gm tng ch ph u tu (CAPEX) nhung cng on gn ha mng
qun .
T Hoa Ky, MSOs ang bn rn ngh huu d}ch v tuong t. V ng
OoS (chat uong d}ch v) eu khn, d}ch v IPTV k thut s c th uoc ch ph-hu qu-
vey cung cap thng qua cc knh d u. Tc g hy vong 01:55-mm
k thut che phu tuong t uoc t hon v t ph ben v nhng eu sau y
do:
36
PON Ken trc xt
TrGMdn hunh JR t&nh
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buc sng.
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1. Cc trpexer v anaog RF nhn tang ch ph au n.
2. Cc d}ch v tuong t uoc che phu to ra s phc tp qun b sung.
MSOs c th mat o the cua d sn tuong t hn c cua ho
H thng HFC v cc b quyet ho pht trn cho eu . Tuy nhn,
kha thc vn thng truyen thng vo th} trung trpe-pay, n nheu
tt hon tt n u v cng ngh IPTV k thut s nhu ho khng c nhng d sn
gnh nang cua h thng phn ph truyen hnh anaog.
3. Co quan qun trn ton the g hn nay ang gm dn TV anaog rng
b v thay the chng v cc d}ch v k thut s.
2.5.4 M quan tm an nnh trong Power-Cha PON
Mt van e quan trong cua n tch PON bn chat pht sng
cua knh h uu, m m cho n d dng nghe trm xung
dng tn hu thng tn n c cua ngu su dng c h. N ph uoc thc hn
m v bn chat hung cua b ghp sao quang t
nt t xa, mt ON khng th ng nghe nhng truyen thuong nguon t
au n khc.
APON / BPON v G-PON
37
Tep xc an nnh n nhat trong qu trnh khc nhau, kh OLT rng
ph s, ID cua au n tm xa. Mt ngu su dng c h c th m cho
su dng thng tn ny g mo. Van e ny c th trnh uoc thng qua mt
qu trnh xc thc trong au n uoc xc mnh bo mt mt khu uoc bet en
ch en OLT (v d nhu thng qua vc cung qun ).
c thn an nnh, tu chun G.983.1 cua IT-T (Sect. 8.3.5.6, 8) }nh ngha mt
khuay thu tc tranh gnh cc d u cho cc ket n h uu v kha
thet p ga ON v OLT. Kha m ha uoc gu t mt
au n v OLT v mt gao thc uoc xc }nh. (Luu rng cc kha m ha duy nhat
gu trong cc n ket thuong nguon an ton.) tang cung bo mt, m ha
trong c th uoc cp nht }nh ky. Khuay cung cap mt s mc bo mt trong
p vt . Kh m quan tm an nnh tro nn rat quan trong, m ha
nn uoc su dng o p ng dng. Tu chun IEEE EPON 802.3ah
khng bao gom truyen m ha. Tuy nhn, nheu nh cung cap ASIC
cung cap co che m ha rng cua ho trn EPON b chp. Ty thuc vo
cc yu cu an nnh v kh nang tuong tc, ngu dng c th quyet }nh cho php hoac
v hu ha cc co che m ha nh cung cap c th.
2,6 APON / BPON v G-PON
APON / BPON v G-PON uoc chun ha bo IT-T Study Group 15
(SG15). APON (ATM-PON) v BPON (Broadband PON) b danh khc nhau
cua ken trc TDM-PON da trn cc tu chun IT-T G.983 ot 8, 16,
18. Trong kh tn BPON phc v mc ch tep th}, truyen t r rng APON
m khung ATM uoc su dng cho gao thng vn t trong cc tu chun IT-T G.983. v eu ny
do, chng t s ch cn su dng APON ch p ny thet ke PON. G-PON
vet tt cua ggabt c kh nang PON v uoc bao phu bo hng ot IT-T G.984
tu chun 14, 15. y cng ngh PON the h tep theo uoc pht trn bo
IT-T sau kh APON.
C ha APON v G-PON xc }nh g dng nhu b s cua 8 kH 8, 14, cc
tc ap khung SONET / SDH co bn. Nhu mt van e cua thc te, OLT phn ph
8-kH ong ho th gan t OLT en ONs. eu ny m cho n d dng hon h tro
Cc d}ch v TDM trn APON v GPON.
2.6.1 ATM-PON v IT-T G.983
2.6.1.1 H thng APON M t
Cng vc trn APON uoc bt u bo mng truy cp d}ch v y u (FSAN)
t hop 19 v sau chuyn gao cho IT-T SG15 20 nhu cc tu chun G.983.
38
PON Ken trc xt
H thng APON uoc trn kha chu yeu o Bc M bo RBOCs
D n FTTP. Nheu ken e cp trong tu chun G.983 uoc chuyn sang
cc tu chun G.984 G-PON.
Tu chun G.983.1 ban u uoc xuat bn vo nam 1998 uoc xc }nh 155,52 Mbps v
622,08 Mbps tc d u. Mt phn bn m hon cua tu chun xuat bn nam 2005 8
thm 1244,16-Mbps tc t xung. Cc nh cung cap c th a chon APON
thc hn truyen t h uu v thuong nguon xng hoac khng xng
g. Bng 2.1 cho thay ket hop c th cua h uu v thuong uu
tc d u cho mt h thng APON.
Ngo cc g php buc sng dpex mt so g thch truc , c ha
cc tu chun G.983.1 v G.984.1 ch }nh mt g php ha so v chuyn dng
so truyen thuong nguon v h nguon. Cc 1:03 mm buc sng uoc su dng trong
c ha hung trong g php ha so. Tuy nhn, v nhng ken thc cua
tc g, khng c h thng uoc trn kha v g php ha so.
Tat c cc tu chun IT PON c ba p hoc cua cc p truyen dn quang
thet ke v ODN khc nhau (H thng phn ph quang) attenuatons
ga ON v OLT. Ba p hoc uoc quy }nh t IT-T G.982 21
nhu:
.Cass A: 5-20 dB
.Lp B: 10-25 dB
.Lo C: 15-30 dB
Thet ke p C mt yu cu ngn sch nang uong rat kht khe cho mt th ng
nh my so. V do sn uong thc hn v ch ph thc te, Cass BTH v
28 dB suy gm sau uoc g thu bo nheu nh cung cap PON thu pht
(Chap. 4).
IT-T G.983.1 quy }nh c th cc ken trc tham kho, ac m thu pht,
cau trc khung gao thng vn t, v cc chc nang khc nhau, trong APON 8. Tn hu APON
uoc vn chuyn trong cc khe th gan. M khe th gan hoac cha nhng te bo ATM hoac mt
PLOAM (p vt OAM) d ng. Te bo PLOAM uoc su dng thc hn vt
p qun thng tn nhu tn nhn gao thc khc nhau, cho, khuay
Bng 2.1
APON h / thuong nguon ket hop tc bt
H uu
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
155,52 Mbps
622,08 Mbps
622,08 Mbps
1,244.16 Mbps
1,244.16 Mbps
Thuong nguon
155,52
155,52
622,08
155,52
622,08
Mbps
Mbps
Mbps
Mbps
Mbps
APON / BPON v G-PON
39
yu cu v cp nht, yu cu khe th gan quan trong t ONs OLT, nhm v cua
khe th gan nguoc dng ONs khc nhau bo OLT, h thng, v thc hn-
bo co gm st hm, vv ngha cua n dung d ng c th PLOAM
uoc tm thay trong ph. 8 G.983.1.
Cc khe th gan h uu chnh xc 53-octet (byte) ATM d hoac PLOAM
cc te bo. Mt te bo PLOAM uoc chn vo m 28 khe th gan (hoac 27 te bo ATM).
T 155,52 Mbps tc , APON ch }nh 56 khe th gan (v 54 te bo ATM v 2
Te bo PLOAM) nhu mt khung h uu. M khung thuong nguon 155,52 Mbps
c 53 khe th gan cua 56 octet. Mt khe th gan nguoc dng cha 3-octet
ch ph ngo my ATM hoac d ng PLOAM. Bn cnh , m n thuong nguon
khe cm c th uoc ty chon cha thnh nheu khe cm mn-theo yu cu cua OLT neu
cn thet. Ch tet ve }nh ngha mn-khe cm c th uoc tm thay trong IT-T G.983.4 22,
trong bao gom cc co che phn b bang thng ng (DBA) cho APON
h thng. Hnh 2.14 mnh hoa APON khung t 155,52 Mbps.
Cau trc khung t 622,08 Mbps v 1244,16 Mbps tuong t ngo tr
rng nhng con s cua cc khe th gan cho m khung hnh uoc nhn v 4 v 8
5\ -he th^& g&%n hL 6/G
ZL 6/G VWIM ITM
-hGng v4r+%t1Pe66 1
ITM VWIM ITM
TF bK4 (w(Pe66 (8
ITM
$& ng 5l
P; 5k tK& tr9 ng/9c 8mng
5k -he th^& g&%n ng/9c 8mng
Th/9ng ngGn
]nh 8Lng -hGng
ITM h4pc +M ITM h4pc +M ITM h4pc
VWIM VWIM VWIM
TF bK4 1Pe66 (Pe66 k
k 4ctet
th/9ng ngGn
tr=n -h.ng
ITM h4pc
VWIM
$& ng 5k
Th/9ng ngGn
-he c5+ -
jhe c5+ ch&%
W)U 3
W)U M
DG n& x
M&n&7s64t
k7bMte
Th/9ng ngGn
tr=n -h.ng
Hnh 2.14 }nh dng khung APON h uu v thuong uu t 155,52 Mbps tc . Cho
622,08 Mbps v 1244,16-Mbps tc , s uong khe th gan ch on gn nhn 4
v 8 con s hn th} trong bu o trn.
M&n&7-he c5+ ta& trnng, 175k bMte
40
PON Ken trc xt
tuong ng. Truyen cua mt te bo ATM, PLOAM d ng, hoac khe cm cha
hung thuong nguon uoc eu khn bo OLT su dng PLOAM h uu
cc te bo. G.983 yu cu t thu cua mt te bo PLOAM m ON trong m
100 ms 8.
3-octet trn thuong nguon c th gan bo v, n u, v cc te bo
bt u dau phn cch. APON quy }nh c th mt th gan bo v t thu 4 bt. Cc n dung cua
cc nh vc ny uoc p trnh v xc }nh bo OLT trong'''' pstream_overhead
tn nhn, uoc pht sng thng qua cc te bo PLOAM h uu.
2.6.1.2 D}ch v trong APON
Ket n ga ON v OLT uoc thnh p nhu cc mch o ATM
trong mt h thng APON. D}ch v ATM hung ket n. M mch o
uoc xc }nh bo mt }nh danh o ung dn (VPI) v nhn dng knh o
(VCI) uoc nhng vo trong cc te bo bao gom uu uong d u cua n. VPI v VCI
ch s cung cap cc mc khc nhau cua tn hu ghp knh ATM v chuyn
ch tet. Nheu mch o (VC) c th ton t trong mt o
ung dn (VP). Mt ket n ATM uoc xc }nh bo cap VPI / VCI cua n. Hnh 2.15
mnh hoa tuong cua ATM chuyn tn hu.
D}ch v trong APON uoc nh x t ATM mch o thng qua cc my ATM
p thch ng (AAL). Cc te bo ATM bao gom cc te bo thng tn, cc te bo tn hu,
Te bo OAM, cc te bo khng uoc gn, v cc te bo su dng cho cc te bo suat tch 23. AAL
thc hn cap khc nhau cua chat uong d}ch v (OoS). IT-T G.983.2 bao gom
ba s thch ngh khc nhau ATM cho APON 18: AAL-1, AAL-2, v AAL-5.
AAL-1 cung cap chc nang thch ng cho, n tc tc bt th gan nhy cm, v
d}ch v hung ket n nhu T1 v E1 mch. AAL-2 uoc su dng cho
hung ket n d}ch v ben tc bt nhu m thanh v
cc tn hu vdeo v AAL-5 uoc su dng cho cc d}ch v d u khng ket n nhu TCP /
Cc ng dng IP.
OLT v ON4 nhu mt ton th c chc nang nhu mt VP hoac VC chuyn . Ph thuc-
ng ve vc thc hn, mt ON c th vuot qua ket n gao thng o mc VP hoac
Mc VC.
2.6.1.3 APON km sot v qun
Km sot APON v chc nang qun uoc quy }nh trong G.983.2 cua IT-T
tu chun 18. Mt OLT qun ONs cua mnh thng qua mt gao dn master-save
Tu chun G.983.2 e cp en au n nhu termnator mng quang (ONT). Cc G.983.1
tu chun xc }nh au n nhu cc on v} cham dt quang PON vo cu khch hng trong mt FTTH
h thng v ONT on v} cham dt t xa cho h thng FTTB. Tuy nhn, vc su dng cc
Ha thut ng c v kh ty tn v hon cho nhau trong cc tu chun G.983 seres. Trong ny
cun sch, chng t khng phn bt uoc au n v ONT.
4
APON / BPON v G-PON
41
sP chGMAn E&
sPX
1
&A+ cG& sP
sPX
(
sPX
k
sPX
l
sPX 1
sPX (
sPX 1
sPX (
sX (
sX 1
sX k
sX l
PhGMAn E& s
sX 5
sPX l
sPX k
sPX 1
sPX (
(I)
s JK sP chGMAn E&
sP chGMAn E&
sPX
1
&A+ cG& sP
sPX
(
sPX
k
sPX
l
sPX 1
sPX (
sPX 1
sPX (
sX 1
sX 1
sPX l
sPX k
sPX 1
sX l
PhGMAn E& s
sX l
sPX (
(H)
sP chGMAn E&
Hnh 2.15 ATM chuyn v d: (a) VP v VC chuyn mch v (b) chuyn mch VC.
42
PON Ken trc xt
go qun ONT v gao dn eu khn (OMCI), v chc nang OLT
nhu bc thy v au n nhu n .
Mt ket n ATM uoc go qun ONT v knh eu khn (OMCC)
cung cap cc knh truyen thng cho OMCI. Mt OMCC uoc thnh p bo
kch hot mt cap VPI / VCI su dng cc thng p PLOAM ac bt quy }nh t
IT-T G.983.1. IT-T G.983.2 yu cu m ON su dng mt VPI khc nhau cho cc
OMCC knh.
Tu chun G.983.2 quy }nh c th cc can c thng tn qun (MIBs)
v cc thng s khc nhau cn thet cho vc qun cc tuong khc nhau v APON
hnh v cua ho. Cc chc nang OAM v cc thng s uoc m t trong tu chun ny
cng uoc p dng cho s ke tha APON G-PON, ngo tr vc khc nhau thc
mentatons cua OMCI v OMCC uoc thng qua.
2.6.2 Coson Ngh} quyet trong APON / G-PON
Trong hot ng bnh thung, mt TDM-PON thc hn ke hoch truyen t nguoc dng
Son eu ph bo OLT v do va chm. Ngo duy nhat
trong qu trnh khc nhau, kh nheu ONs th p ng v chuong trnh pht sng
khc nhau, yu cu cng mt c. Mt v va chm s xy ra.
g quyet tranh chap ny, mt h thng APON su dng mt co che cy nh} phn
quy }nh t G.983.1 (Sect. 8.4.4, 18). Sau kh pht hn mt v va chm khc nhau, d ng,
mt OLT s gu mt Sera_number_mask tn nhn tep theo mt khon tro cap khc nhau
cho php ONs c s ph hop v mat n truyen t mt khc nhau,
d ng. Kch thuc cua Sera_number_mask tang thm mt cht t mt th gan
cho en kh ch c mt au n uoc truyen mt te bo khc nhau. eu ny g quyet cc conten-
ha v cho php ONs uoc dao ng cng mt c. Co che ny cng c th
gp trnh qu t u vo quang hoc cua OLT trong n au n
thet p.
Trong mt h thng G-PON, ONs su dng mt phuong php chm tr ngu nhn trnh va
chm
trong qu trnh ang k ban u au n. OLT c th hoac khng c th cho php
Sera_number_mask co che trong h thng G-PON theo quy }nh t G.984.3 (Sect.
10, 24).
2.6.3 Buc sng Overay trong APON / G-PON
H thng APON ban u ch quy }nh 1:03 mm buc sng cho thuong nguon
v 1:05 mm buc sng cho truyen h uu. tn dng n
bang thng trong so quang hoc v m cho g tr} cua chat xo nheu vn
nh my, IT-T G.983.3 16 quy }nh WDM th p phu trn bn gc
APON / BPON v G-PON
jF h4Lch b/:c s;ng tr4ng XTU7T Y.98k.k
T*ng c/^ng b*ng
(VU% chnn 1),
th=+ -y thGNt s
JG1
43
IW)
th/9ng ngGn
T/0ng 6%& IW)!4r
84znstre%+Gse
T*ng c/^ng b%n nhLc (ph/0ng n (),
ch4 ph>n ph& J&8e4
A s? 8ng tr4ng t/0ng 6%&
V7b%n8
1(\0
1k\0
1l80 1500 15k9
1550 15\0 15\5
H/:c s;ng (n+)
Hnh 2.16 Ke hoch phn b buc sng trong IT-T G.983.3.
H thng APON. Ke hoch buc sng ny uoc p dng bo hu het cc PON manufac-
V nht va vn chuyn cc d}ch v khc nhau trn co so h tng vt nhu nhau.
Hnh 2.16 mnh hoa ke hoch phn b buc sng xc }nh trong IT-T
G.983.3. Khuyen ngh} IT ny quy }nh cc bang tn C nhu tang cung ban nhc
thc hn mt trong ha tn hu truyen hnh tuong t hoac cc d}ch v k thut s khc nhu SONET /
Ln ket SDH. Ha ban nhc hon, (1) 1360-1480 nm v (2) 1565 nm v xa hon na,
uoc dnh rng cho cc nghn cu trong tuong a. Ghp knh buc sng b sung cn thet
t ON v OLT su dng trong nhng ban nhc nng cao quy }nh t
G.983.3. Cc b ghp knh buc sng thm thm tht h v cc cuc m phn thp t g
h thng. Tu chun G.983.3 cng xc }nh cc yu cu mat mt v c p
cc b ghp knh buc sng b sung.
2.6.4 G-PON v IT-T G.984
Nhu g thch truc y, IT-T G.983 uoc da trn cng ngh ATM.
Tht khng may, ATM khng sng theo ky vong tro thnh nh
gao thc mng ph qut thc hn cc ng dng khc nhau. Thay vo , Ethernet
v IP pht trn thnh cng vo va tr . Trong IT-T G.983, cc OLT v
au n nhu mt chc nang ton b nhu VP v VC b} chuyn mch. eu ny h APON ON
v OLT thc hn kh nang chuyn mch ATM. Cc thch ng-phc tp
m hnh ha v OoS h tro thc hn chuyn mch ATM tn km. Hon na, n
cn thet thc hn d}ch ga ATM v cc gao thc uoc su dng t
NI v SNI. Nhng yu cu ny m tang ch ph v phc tp h thng,
v cn tro s pht trn cua h thng APON trong mt bang thng rng nhanh chng pht trn com-
trao thng the g.
ph tt hon v nhng thay trong cng ngh truyen thng v p ng
nhu cu pht trn nhanh chng, IT-T to ra cc tu chun G.984 ot cho Pons v
Kh nang Ggabt, hoac G-PON 14, 15, 24.
44
PON Ken trc xt
2.6.4.1 G-PON Ken trc
IT-T G.984.1 ua ra mt c nhn tng quan cap cao cua cc thnh phn G-PON v tham kho-
cau trc nghm. G-PON PMD p hoac thu pht yu cu uoc bao phu bo
tu chun IT-TG.984.2. Tuong t nhu APON, G-PON cng xc }nh on so
v PMDs kp so. Tc bt uoc }nh ngha trong G.984 :
.H uu: 1244,16 Mbps/2488.32 Mbps
.Thuong nguon: 155,52 Mbps/622.08 Mbps/1244.16 Mbps/2488.32 Mbps
Ph c I t k cc ac m p quang hoc cho cc gao dn tc ggabt
quy }nh t G.984.2. T th m vet b, ac m cua 2488,32 Mbps
n ket truyen thuong nguon vn chua uoc nghn cu v hon thn.
Nhu tc bt ten vo che ggabt, p quang PON bt u
tro thnh thch thc. u tn, trang tr 20 km khong cch truyen dn y u, a
doc-mode (MLM) aser khng th uoc su dng o bat ky au n nheu hon
trnh hnh pht phn tn qu mc. Th ha, trang tr ngn sch mat yu cu-
ments cho Cass B (10-25 dB) v o C (15-30 dB) nh my so, hon
nhy cm st o nh t (APDs) bt buc thay v thap hon
thu ch ph PIN 25. Neu khng c mch bo v thch hop, APDs suscep-
tbe tht h do s c avaanche neu u vo quang n
tro nn qu cao.
V ngn sch mat mt nh my so gng nhu trong APON, h tro cc bt cao
g, my pht n cao hon uoc su dng trong G-PON p ng ngn sch nang uong
yu cu. eu ny cng c ngha G-PON thu cn ph xu cao hon
ngu nhn quyen hn qu t v phm v nang ng do n hon. gm bt
yu cu v thc hn cc che OLT n thu thuong nguon,
G-PON quy }nh mt co che quyen c san ap mat bng cho'''' km sot n nang ng
(Sect. 8.3, 15).
Trong co che quyen c san ap mat bng, cc OLT s c gng cn bng quyen c n
nhn uoc t ONs khc nhau bng cch hung dn ONs tang hoac gm
tung ra n. Do , mt ON gn g hon v cc OLT v nhn thay
t mat mt, s ra mt t mt nang uong nh hon nheu so v mt au n m tep tc ra v
tr qua mat mt hon. Kh nm nhu quyen c san ap mat bng hoac quyen km sot c
d ton t trong cc mng d ng ph v cc tc ng n chuyn qua gn-xa v
tet km nang uong pn n tho d ng.
2.6.4.2 G-PON truyen t p
Chc nang chnh cua s h t truyen G-PON (GTC) p
cho ghp knh vn chuyn ga OLT v ONs 24. Khc chc nang-
tons cung cap bo p GTC bao gom:
APON / BPON v G-PON
45
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Thch ng cua khch hng gao thc tn hu p
Lp vt OAM (PLOAM) chc nang
Gao dn cho phn b bang thng ng (DBA)
au n khc nhau, v ang k
Chnh ve pha truc (khng bt buc)
M ha d u h uu (ty chon)
Knh truyen thng cho OMCI
Chc nang GTC uoc thc hn thng qua cc thng cha truyen hoac T-CONTs.
M T-CONT, uoc xc }nh bo mt ID phn b (Aoc-ID) uoc gao
bo OLT, dn cho mt n ket truyen thng hop ga cc OLT v mt
au n. Mt au n duy nhat c th uoc ch }nh v mt hoac nheu T-CONTs nhu trong
V. 2.17. Nam o khc nhau cua T-CONTs v cc thuc tnh OoS khc nhau c
uoc xc }nh trong cc tu chun G.983.4 cua IT-T. Tu chun G-PON xc }nh ha
che khc nhau hot ng, ATM v GEM (G-PON che ng g). Cc
Che GEM ng g tuong t nhu thu tc chung khung (GFP) 26.
Mt T-CONT c th ATM hoac GEM-based. My ATM da trn T-CONT
nheu thnh mch o xc }nh bo VPI v VCI, trong kh mt GEM da trn
T-CONT c ket n xc }nh bo s cng 12-bt. y nhng
mnh hoa trong hnh. 2.18.
Ngan xep gao thc cua GTC uoc hn th} trong hnh. 2.19. Mac d phm v vt v
t phn cha uoc xc }nh 20 km v 01:32 tuong ng trong G.984.2, p GTC c
T7PW)T
DG n&
T7PW)T
WVT
T7PW)T
DG n&
T7PW)T
DG n&
Oc ]nh
bC& DG n& X$
Oc ]nh
bC& I664c7X$
Hnh 2.17 Mt T-CONT dn cho mt n ket hop ga OLT v ON mt.
46
PON Ken trc xt
ITM 8U% tr=n
T7PW)T
s
s
sP
sP
sP
Oc ]nh
bC& sPX
PEng
YEM 8U% tr=n
T7PW)T
PEng
PEng
Oc ]nh
bC& I664c7X$
Oc ]nh
bqng cEng X$
Oc ]nh
bC& I664c7X$
Oc ]nh
bC& sX
Hnh 2.18 ATM da trn T-CONT vs GEM da trn T-CONT.
jhch hKng ITM
VWIM
WMPX
YEM -hch hKng
YTP
6:p
Thech tng TP
V:p c4n
WMPX b chGMAn E&
H chGMAn E& YEM TP
j&A+ s4t $HI
H chGMAn E& ITM TP
YTP -hGng 6:p c4n
Y7W) (YM) 6:p ph/0ng t&Rn trGMdn th.ng ph thGc JK4 thA chDt
Hnh 2.19 Gao thc ngan xep cua s h t truyen G-PON (GTC) p (t 24,
sao chp v s cho php o t IT).
quy }nh mt tm hop t a 60 km v h tro phn tch t 128, trong
d on cho s pht trn cng ngh trong tuong a. T phn cha cao nhu vy v d
bo hm khong cch ang uoc nghn cu du mt ot cc d n PON su xung quanh
the g. ONs v OLTs c th h tro hoac ATM da trn hoac GEM da trn T-CONT hoac
mt ket hop cua c ha (ha che ). Tuy nhn mt G-PON su dng ATM da trn T-CONT khng
tuong thch v APONs c hu. V vy, trong thc te, hu het cc G-Pons ch
thc hn GEM da trn T-CONT. Trong phn cn cua cuc tho un, chng t s chu yeu tp
trung vo
GEM.
Lp GTC h tro vn chuyn cua ong ho 8 kH t OLT en
ONs v mt tn hu tham kho 1-kH b sung t OLT en ONs su dng
knh eu khn.
APON / BPON v G-PON
47
2.6.4.2.1 GTC khung
GTC khung p con cung cap kh nang ghp knh v nhng
Chc nang OAM cho thuong nguon t tro khe th gan v phn b bang thng nang ng
(DBA). OAM nhng uoc thc hn trong cc tu e khung GTC.
2.6.4.2.1.1 GTC khung h uu
M khung h uu GTC 125 ms d, trong c mt xung
dng kh eu khn vt (PCBd) v mt phn t trong nhu trong
V. 2.20.
Cc kh nm ve G-PON km sot truy cp phuong tn truyen thng uoc m t trong hnh. 2.21.
Cc
PCBd cha thng tn eu khn truy cp phuong tn truyen thng trong thuong nguon (M) bang
thng
(BW) bn o. Nhu mnh hoa trong hnh, OLT xc }nh th gan bt u v ket thc
th gan m m T-CONT c th su dng truyen d u thuong nguon su dng con tr trong
M BW bn o. Cc con tr uoc ua ra trong on v} cua byte. eu ny cho php cc thuong nguon
bang thng uoc km sot v 64-kb / s ch tet. Tuy nhn, tu chun
cho php cc nh cung cap thc hn granuartes n hon.
Hnh 2.22 cho thay ch tet cc }nh dng khung h uu. Tu e PCBd
bao gom mt phn c }nh v mt phn ben. Phn c }nh c cha cc chat
Lnh vc ong b, nh vc dent, v mt nh vc PLOAM. Cc nh vc ny uoc bo v bo mt 1-byte
km tra chan bt-xen k. 4-byte unscrambed ong b ha vt
m hnh cho thay s kho u cua mt khung h uu. Lnh vc dent 4-byte
ch ra cho d FEC uoc su dng. Ngo ra, n cng thc hn mt tng ket 30-bt
xung quanh superframe truy cp, c th uoc su dng cung cap mt t thap synchron-
tn hu tham kho ha. Lnh vc PLOAM 13-byte trong PCBd uoc su dng
truyen t cc thng p OAM p vt ONs. Chc nang PLOAM
bao gom ang k, xa ang k au n, dao ng, nang uong san ap mat bng, mt m
o hoa cp nht quan trong, bo co p vt , vv
Phn ben cua tu e PCBd cha payoad ength trng ap
h uu (PLend) m t, xc }nh cheu d cua thuong nguon
bn o bang thng v cc phn vng ATM trong T-CONT. Nhu e cp
truc, m au n c th uoc cau hnh v nheu T-CONTs. Bn o M BW
quy }nh c th vc phn b bang thng nguoc dng v mc truy cp. M 8-byte
nhp truy cp trong bn o cua M BW cha Aoc-ID cua mt T-CONT, kh bt u
th gan v ket thc th gan truyen rng T-CONT theo hung thuong nguon v mt
12-bt c ch cch phn b nn uoc su dng. Phn cn cua xung
khung dng t trong o h uu. V m khung h uu c mt
th gan 125 ms, cheu d cua khung h uu khc nhau v 1,24416-
Gb / s v 2,48832-Gb / s tc , trong c 19.440 v 38.880 byte tuong ng.
Kh PCBd nhu nhau cho c ha tc .
48
PON Ken trc xt
Th^& g&%n
PH8
n1
PH8
n(
jhGng hL 6/G 1(5
PH8
n
Ta& trnng n
Ta& trnng ni 1
hSn ITM
hSn YEM
)
5k bMte
Hnh 2.20 Tn hu h uu GTC bao gom 125-ms khung v mt tu e v mt PCBd
phn t trong.
P4nt%&ner JNn chGMAn g&g%b&t (YTP)
jhGng t&=G d (PH8)
Trnng ta& hL 6/G
My H# ban
I664c7X$ H5t SG jFt th[c I664c7X$ H5t SG jFt th[c I664c7X$ H5t SG jFt th[c
1
100 k00
(
l00 500
k
5(0 \00
T7PW)T1
(W)U1)
jhe c5+
100
jhe c5+
k00
T7PW)T(
(W)U()
jhe c5+
l00
T7PW)Tk
(W)Uk)
jhe c5+
\00
jhe -he
500 5(0
Hnh 2.21 Khung h uu GTC v phuong tn truyen thng kh nm km sot truy cp (t 24, sao chp
v s cho php o t IT).
2.6.4.2.1.2 GTC pstream khung
Vc truyen thuong nguon GTC bao gom khung o thuong uu
Th gan 125 ms nhu hnh. 2.23. Khung o thuong nguon uoc to
cua v t ONTs khc nhau. M v n bt u v mt ch ph p vt
thuong nguon (PLOu).
Cc PLOu bt u v mt mo u gp cc che thu n t OLT
ong b v ONT (Hnh 2.24) pht. Mt dau phn cch sau
mo u cho s bt u cua mt v n o thuong nguon. Nhu trong APON, cheu d
v }nh dng cua phn mo u v dau phn cch uoc quy }nh bo cc OLT su dng xung
dng thng p PLOAM. Mt trung ch (Ind) trong PLOu cung cap th gan thc
Bo co tnh trng au n v OLT.
APON / BPON v G-PON
Ph{ s !EP 17b&t
"Mnc JNt 6| (l7bMte)
X8ent (l7bMte)
VWIM8
W)U X$ (1 bMte)
T&n nh5n X$ (1 bMte)
$B 6&RG (10 bMte)
P_P (1 bMte)
HX (1 bMte)
Ven8 (l7bMte)
Ven8 (l7bMte)
Th/9ng ngGn
ban b*ng th.ng
(8 bMte)
TrGM cNp 1
87bMte
TrGM cNp (
87bMte
...
Ta& trnng
TrGM cNp
87bMte
I664c7X$ 1(7b&t
P^ 1(7b&t
""t%rt (7bMte
(Th^& g&%n b5t SG)
""t4p (7bMte
(Th^& g&%n 8}ng)
P_P 17bMte
H# ban ch&dG 8K& 1(7b&t
Ph&dG 8K& ph>n J~ng ITM 1(7b&t
P_P 87b&t
H&t
11
10
9
87w
07\
Phtc n*ng
Y?& V"G
Y?& VWIMG
"? 8ng !EP
00, -h.ng g?& $H_G
01, g?& chF 0 $H_G
10, g?& chF 1 $H_G
11, g?& chF ( $H_G
((7bMte)
(k7bMte)
(57bMte)
Vt8 17b&t
"Gpervr%+e
trGM cNp k07b&t
1k7bMte
PH8
Vt8
Hnh 2.22 GTC }nh dng khung h uu.
49
50
jhGng th/9ng ngGn 1(5 s
PON Ken trc xt
VWG VWIMG V"G
$H_
O
Ta& trnng O
T7PW)T O
$H_
Ta& trnng

T7PW)T
VWG
$H_
Ta& trnng h
h
W)T H
Mt W)T
Hnh 2.23 GTC khung thuong nguon: m ONT bt u truyen t nguoc dng v PLOu.
Mt ONT gao v ha Aoc-ID trong ha phn b thuong nguon n tep ch cn
truyen PLOu mt n.
Nhu e cp truc , mt ON duy nhat c th uoc ch }nh nheu T-CONTs. Neu
mt au n uoc phn b khe th gan tep gp v nheu T-CONTs v
khc nhau Aoc-ID, PLOu ch cn ph uoc truyen mt n. eu ny uoc th hn trong
V. 2.23 cho ONT A.
Sau nh vc PLOu, c ba nh vc trn ty chon trong m
bt:
1. Hot ng th chat p, hnh chnh, qun v thuong nguon
(PLOAMu)
2. Trnh t quyen c san ap mat bng thuong nguon (PLSu)
3. Bo co bang thng nang ng thuong nguon (DBRu)
Truyen cua cc nh vc ny uoc quyet }nh bo OLT qua c o M
Bn o BW trong PCBd. Theo yu cu cua cc OLT, nh vc PLSu 120-byte uoc gu
bo au n cho cc mc ch o ung n.
Mt nh vc DBRu uoc gn v m T-CONT bo co uu uong thuong nguon
tnh trng cua n T-CONT. Lnh vc DBRu cha cc bo co DBA
uoc su dng ch ra cheu d hng o thuong nguon cho bang thng nang ng
phn b. G-PON h tro trng th bo co (SR) v nonstatus-bo co
(NSR) co che DBA. Trong NSR DBA, cc OLT gm st gao thng o thuong nguon
kh uong v khng c gao thc cn thet cho au n gao tep tnh trng hng o
en OLT. Trong SR DBA, mt ON thng OLT tnh trng gao thng ch o trong
b m xep hng.
C ba cch m ONs c th gao tep tnh trng cap pht
gao thng en OLT:
1. Bt ch th} trng th trong PLOu (nhu hnh. 2.24). Ch th} trng th cho
OLT mt cch nhanh chng v on gn bet o thuong nguon ch o gao thng,
m khng c nheu ch tet.
APON / BPON v G-PON
51
2. Cng bo co DBA trong DBRu. Bo co DBA c ba che
(Che 0, che 1 v 2) tuong ng v cheu d nh vc DBA cua 1, 2, hoac
4 byte (ngha 2 -, 3 -, hoac 5-byte DBRu) trong hnh. 2.24. Truyen t v DBRu
}nh dng cua n uoc xc }nh bo cc OLT su dng bt 8 v 7 cua c t M
Bn o BW (Hnh 2.22). DBA cng trong DBRu cho php ONs n tc
cp nht cc uu uong truy cp cua mt c T-CONT. Bo co DBA cha
s uong te bo ATM hoac cc kh GEM (trong c 48 byte cheu d) ch o
trong b m thuong nguon.
3. DBA t trong thuong nguon. Mt ON c th gu ton b bo co chuyn dng cua
tnh trng gao thng trn bat ky hoac tat c cc T-CONT trong t trong thuong nguon. Ch tet cua
DBA t trong thuong nguon c th uoc tm thay trong IT-T G.984.3.
Mt h thng G-PON khng c h tro tat c cc che bo co. Bo co
kh nang m phn, tho thun ga au n v su dng OLTs
OMCI c bt tay.
VWIMG
V^& n;& SG (+t bMte)
$DG ph>n cch (b7bMte)
HX (1 bMte)
W)U7X$ (1 bMte)
Xn8 (1 bMte)
W)U X$ (1 bMte)
T&n nh5n X$ (1 bMte)
$B 6&RG (10 bMte)
P_P (1 bMte)
V"G
1(07bMte
H&t
w (M"H)
\
5
l
l
l
l
0
Phtc n*ng
VWIMG -hon cDp ch^ 9&
!EP tr=n (1) T 4vv (0)
Tunh trLng _$X (1 6`&, 0 Wj)
Y&%4 th.ng ch^ 9& tr4ng 64L& ( T7PW)Ts
Y&%4 th.ng ch^ 9& tr4ng k 64L& T7PW)Ts
Y&%4 th.ng ch^ 9& tr4ng l 64L& T7PW)Ts
Y&%4 th.ng ch^ 9& 64L& 5 T7PW)Ts
Vt8
VWG
T~M chnn nh/ 6K bGMFt ]nh
bC& WVT tr4ng c^
$H_G
$HI (1,(, l7bMte)
P_P (1 bMte)
Ta& trnng
Hnh 2.24 GTC }nh dng khung thuong nguon.
52
PON Ken trc xt
jhGng th/9ng ngGn
VWG
VWIMG $H_G
Ta& trnng th/9ng ngGn
YEMYEM p%M64%8YEM
t&=G d (-hGng +anh)
jhGng YEM
YEM ta& trnng
(!G667vr%+e)
YEMYEM ta& trnng
t&=G d (-hGng +anh)
Hnh 2.25 GEM khung trong t trong thuong nguon (t 24, sao chp v s cho php o
t IT).
2.6.4.2.1.3 GEM ng g
Theo hung h uu, khung GEM uoc trnh by trong phn GEM cua
trong t h uu (Hnh 2.20). Theo hung thuong nguon, khung GEM
thc hn trong trong t nguoc dng nhu hnh. 2.25.
Khung GEM ng g phc v ha chc nang: (1) ghp cua cng GEM
v (2) d u t trong phn mnh. }nh dng cua GEM ng g uoc th hn trong
V. 2.26. Tu e GEM c cha mt 12-bt ch payoad ength (PLI) m
%M64%8 6ength
ch{ s (VX) 1(7b&t
PEng X$
1(7b&t
V4L& ta& trnng
ch{ s (TX) k7b&t
V`& t&=G d
-&A+ s4t (ZEP) 1k7b&t
TX c48eMe%n&ng
)g/^& s? 8ng 8B 6&RG ph>n +anh, -h.ng t5c nghn, -h.ng EW!000
)g/^& s? 8ng 8B 6&RG ph>n +anh, -h.ng t5c nghn, EW!001
"? 8ng 8B 6&RG ph>n +anh, t5c nghn, -h.ng EW!010
!!"
)g/^& s? 8ng 8B 6&RG ph>n +anh, t5c nghn, EW!011
100YEM WIM
101_eserJe8
110_eserJe8
111_eserJe8
YEM +anh
ta& trnng
V7bMte
EW! -Ft th[c c% -hGng
!!" Tr4ng ngh&=n ctG t/0ng 6%&
Hnh 2.26 }nh dng GEM ng g.
APON / BPON v G-PON
53
xc }nh d t trong GEM trong byte. eu ny cho php cheu d trong t t a
4095 byte. Bat ky cau trc su dng trong t hon 4095 byte ph
phn mnh. 3-bt o t trong ch s (PTI) cho bet c t trong
c khung d u ngu dng hoac khung GEM OAM. N cng cho thay cho d ngu dng
khung d u trong payoad on cu cng. ID cng 12-bt cho php cng 4096
s cho ghp knh gao thng.
Km sot tu e (HEC) nh vc su dng mt m BCH cho ton ven tn hu tu e
bo v. Lnh vc ny cng uoc su dng duy tr ong b khung GEM.
Hnh 2.27 cho thay qu trnh phn mnh trong GEM ng g. Manh
t cua mt khung d u ngu dng ph uoc truyen n tc ke nhau. Mt o the cua
qu trnh phn mnh GEM s tn o h tro uu tn cao
gao thng. Khung hnh khn cap v cc uu tn cao c th uoc chn vo u
m khung GTC (Hnh 2.28) v tr 125 ms-tuong ng v khung
th gan. eu ny m cho n rat d dng h tro cc d}ch v TDM v d u xc }nh
t trong mt h thng G-PON.
tch tc d u ngu su dng, mt GEM nhn r v tat c cc t trong khng cng uoc
xc }nh. Kh khng c d u dng gu cho, khung GEM nhn r uoc gu en
khe cm trng rng v duy tr ong b thu.
2.6.4.3 Chuyn tep sua (FEC) trong G-PON
c thn ngn sch n ket quang hoc trong G-PON, IT-T G.984.3 }nh ngha mt
kh nang FEC ty chon su dng RS (255, 239) m trong khung GTC. Cng
m ny cng uoc su dng trong IT-T G.709 vn chuyn mng quang (OTN) tu chun
27. FEC cho khong 3-4-dB e thm trong ngn sch quang nhung gm ngu su dng
d u bng cch 6 do t bu tuong v khung th GTC eu
jhGng ng/^& s? 8ng
jhGng ng/^& s? 8ng
YEM
TX,
001
!G667vr%+e
YEM
TX,
000
1
YEM
TX,
000
(
YEM
TX,
001
k
jhGng YEM
jhGng YEM
1
jhGng YEM
(
jhGng YEM
k
(I)
(H)
Hnh 2.27 Lp bn o v phn mnh cua d u ngu dng khung thnh GEM t trong (t 24,
n v s cho php o t IT).
54
YTP th/9ng ngGn -hGng &
VWG
Ta& trnng
PON Ken trc xt
jhGng YTP ng/9c 8mng & i 1
VWG
Ta& trnng
YEM YEM -hon cDp -hGng 8B 6&RG
-hGng t&=G d t&=G d (1 ()
YEM YEM -hon cDp -hGng 8B 6&RG
-hGng t&=G d t&=G d (( c% ()
TX
0017!G66
PEng O
TX
0007b5t SG
PEng
TX
0017SM
Pang h
TX
0007b5t SG
PEng
Hnh 2.28 Ghp knh d u khn cap qu trnh su dng GEM phn mnh (t 24,
n v s cho php o t IT).
g nguyn kh FEC uoc bt. Do , cc d u t trong hu qu
t ph uoc gm thch ng ph FEC.
2.6.5 APON / G-PON bo v chuyn mch
Cc m hnh tham cheu cho APON / G-PON kh nang phc ho v d phng uoc SPE-
cfed trong G.983.5 chun IT-T 28. IT-T G.983.6 29 bao gom km sot
v gao dn qun h tro APON / G-PON v cc tnh nang bo v.
Bo v PON chuyn ch tet s uoc trnh by ch tet hon trong chuong. 6.
2.7 EPON
EPON mt b sung m cho ga nh Ethernet. Cng vc cua EPON
bt u thng 3 nam 2001 bo nhm nghn cu IEEE 802.3ah v ket thc vo thng Su
2004 30.
2.7.1 Phn tn Ethernet Ken trc v EPON
Ethernet bao gom cc p vt v p n ket d u cua cc h thng mo
ket n (OSI) m hnh tham cheu. Hnh 2.29 cho thay mt so snh
ayerng m hnh cua truyen thng pont-to-pont (P2P) Ethernet v cc m
to-mutpont (P2MP) ken trc EPON 9.
EPON
V:p ( Ethernet
V:p Ethernet (M
55
V:p c%4 h0n
W"X
tK& 6&RG th%+ -ha4
+. hunh
6:p
ng 8ng
Trunh bKM
h&=n
Y&%4 th.ng JNn ta&
MLng
V&=n -Ft 8B 6&RG
sNt 6|
MXX T YMXX
P"
MI
M$
M$X
T_U)Y
100T1000 Mb T s
Z
VVP
WIM (t~M chnn)
MIP (t~M chnn)
MIP
_"
V:p c%4 h0n
VVP
WIM (t~M chnn)
MMP (+%ster)
MIP
_"
YMXX
P"
MI
M$
M$X
Z
WVT
V:p c%4 h0n
VVP
WIM (t~M chnn)
MMP (n. 6R)
MIP
_"
YMXX
P"
MI
M$
M$X
W) sI
1 0 0 Mb T s
Z
DG n&
MIP, Me8&% -&A+ s4t trGM cNp
M$X, g&%4 8&Rn trGng ph thGc
MXX, g&%4 8&Rn trGMdn th.ng c 6Np
MI, JNt 6| tNp t&n enh -+ trGng bunh
M$, JNt 6| trGng bunh ph thGc JK4
MMP, % -&A+ s4t trGM cNp ph/0ng t&Rn trGMdn th.ng
P", +@ h;% JNt 6| 6:p c4n
YMXX, g&%4 8&Rn ph/0ng t&Rn trGMdn th.ng c 6Np Y&g%b&t
Z, th&Ft b] 6:p JNt 6|
_", Zm% g&a& 6:p c4n
Hnh 2.29 m-m (P2P) Ethernet v m-a m (P2MP) EPON khng g hn
ken trc.
N c th uoc nhn thay t hnh m EPON khng g hn rat tuong t nhu cua
Ethernet P2P truyen thng. Tu chun Ethernet tep tc phn cha vt OSI
p n ket d u v p thnh nheu p con. Lp vt (PHY)
ket n v cc p n ket d u bng cch su dng gao dn phuong tn truyen thng c p (MII)
hoac
ggabt gao dn phuong tn truyen thng c p (GMII).
Cc ty chon p con MAC trong P2P Ethernet uoc thay the bng mt bt buc
km sot truy cp a phuong tn truyen thng (MPMC) p trong EPON 9, khon 64.
Lp MPMC chy gao thc eu khn a m (MPCP) ph hop
vc tep cn v cc phuong tn PON cha s ga EPON ONs. Mac d
cc ngan xep OLT v ON trng gn gng (Hnh 2.29), cc MPCP
thc th trong mt chc nang OLT nhu bc thy v cc thc th MPCP trong au n nhu
cc n .
N s uoc g thch sau p con c ha g cng
uoc mo rng trong EPON xu mt chc nang m phng P2P
Gao thc cu n IEEE 802.1 da trn 31 s tep tc hot ng v
EPON.
56
PON Ken trc xt
2.7.2 EPON PMD p
Lp PMD xc }nh cc ac tnh vt cua quang xuyn
cevers. Ethernet c truyen thng cua vc p dng thet ke ch ph thap truong thnh
thc y trn kha hng ot. Tret ny uoc cha kha cho s to n
thnh cng thuong m cua Ethernet.
Nhu tr nguoc v t 1:32 tch uoc su dng trong G-PON, IEEE 802.3ah
tu chun quy }nh mt t phn cha t thu 01:16. Cn nhn ra rng
p con ha g c th h tro n en 32.768 ONs ogc khc nhau
thng qua mt 15-bt ogc n ket }nh danh (LLID).
Ha t khc nhau ga OLT v ON, 10 km v 20 km, c
uoc xc }nh trong tu chun EPON 9, khon 60. Cc 1000BASE-PX10-D PMD
v 1000BASE-PX10- PMD xc }nh OLT v ON thu pht k t
stcs cho 10 km tm tay. 20-km-OLT v ON tm PMDs uoc }nh ngha
1000BASE-PX-20-D v 1000BASE-PX20-. EPON ve co bn ke tha
Ke hoch phn b buc sng IT-G.983.3. Bng 2.2 v 2.3 hn nay uoc a chon
thuc tnh cua 1000BASE-PX10 v 1000BASE-PX20 PMDs t
Tu chun IEEE802.3ah. Ngu ta c th nhn thay rng cc thuc tnh au n cho 10 km
v khong cch truyen dn 20 km gn nhu gng ht nhau. Hu het cc thay ny
thc hn t OLT kh khong cch truyen dn tang gap t 10 km en
20 km. eu ny gp c thn ch ph thet b} au n bng cch to ra mt nen knh te n
quy m. N cng c thn co h m ngu dng cu c th tep tc su dng cng mt
au n kh khong cch truyen dn tang n.
2.7.3 Burst Mode hot ng v Loop
Th gan trong EPON
Gao thc Ethernet mt phuong thc gao thc bng n. P2P Ethernet tuy nhn, hn
su dng truyen chuyn dng v tep nhn cc knh ga mt trung tm v Ethernet
my trm. Mt h thng nhu vy duy tr s ong b ga ong ho
thu v my pht bng cch truyen cc bu tuong nhn r kh khng c d u
uoc gu . V vy, mac d cc gao thc Ethernet chnh n bng pht, cc
p vt cua P2P Ethernet hn khng cn bng pht. Mac d
mo u uoc bo qun trong Ethernet P2P hn , ho khng c thc te
ngha ngo tr kh nang tuong thch nguoc v the h u tn Ethernet
thet b}.
T EPON ket n vt thuong nguon bng pht, preambes cn thet
mt n na gp che thu OLT n ong b ha v cc au n.
Hon na, preambes uoc sua trong EPON thc hn cc ID n ket hop
(LLID) uoc su dng trong P2P th ua 9, khon 65.
EPON
Bng 2.2
Thuc tnh a chon cua IEEE802.3ah EPON pht
1000BASE-
PX10-D (OLT)
Lo my pht
Tc truyen tn hu (range)
Buc sng (range)
RMS rng ph (t a)
n kho ng trung bnh (t a)
n kho ng trung bnh (pht)
n kho ng trung bnh cua my pht OFF
T tuyt chung (pht)
RIN (t a)
Ra mt OMA (pht)
Tan (t a)
Toff (t a)
Tro quang dung sa mat
Pht tn hnh pht
D sng Laser
1,25 +100 ppm
1,480-1,500
Ph thuc vo buc sng
T"2
A3
A39
6
118
0.6
N.A.
N.A.
15
1.3
1000BASE-
PX10- (ON)
D sng Laser
1,25 +100 ppm
1,260-1,360
T"4
A1
A45
6
A113
0.95
512
512
15
2.8
1000BASE-
PX20-D (OLT)
Ta aser d sng
1,25 +100 ppm
1,480-1,500
7
T"2
A39
6
A115
2.8
N.A.
N.A.
15
2.3
1000BASE-
PX20- (ON)
D sng Laser
1,25 +100 ppm
1,260-1,360
T"4
A1
A45
6
A115
0.95
512
512
15
1.8
on v
GBD
nm
nm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dB
dB / H
mW
ns
ns
dB
dB
57
58
Bng 2.3
Thuc tnh a chon cua IEEE ac m nhn 802.3ah
1000BASE-
PX10-D (OLT)
Tc truyen tn hu (range)
Buc sng (range)
Nhn uoc sc mnh trung bnh (t a)
Nhn uoc s nhy cm
Nhn phn x (pht)
Nhan mnh nhn uoc s nhy cm
Doc mt ng pht (pht)
T_recever n (t a)
1,25 +100 ppm
1,260-1,360
A1
A24
A12
22.3
1.2
400
1000BASE-
PX10- (ON)
1,25 +100 ppm
1,480-1,500
A3
A24
A12
21.4
2.2
N.A
1000BASE-
PX20-D (OLT)
1,25 +100 ppm
1,260-1,360
A#
A27
A12
24.4
2.2
400
1000BASE-
PX20- (ON)
1,25 +100 ppm
1,480-1,500
A3
A24
A12
22.1
1.5
N.A
on v
GBD
nm
dBm
dBm
dB
dBm
dB
ns
PON Ken trc xt
EPON
59
duy tr ch ph thap, theo truyen thng tat c cc my pht Ethernet ang chy
khng ong b trn cc nh vc ong ho }a phuong cua mnh. Khng c synchron-ton cu
ha. Mt my thu c nguon gc tn hu ong ho cho gatng d u nhn uoc t n
nhn uoc cc k hu k thut s. S khng ph hop ga cc nguon ong ho uoc hch ton theo
eu chnh khong cch nterframe (IFG) ga khung Ethernet.
Trong mt h thng EPON, n ket vt h uu duy tr n tc
dng tn hu v ong b ha ong ho. Theo hung thuong nguon,
duy tr mt tham cheu th gan chung v OLT, ONs su dng vng ap th gan cho
che truyen n thuong nguon, tc ong ho cho tn hu nguoc dng xuyn
nhm v c nguon gc t cc tn hu nhn uoc o h uu.
2.7.4 PCS Layer v Forward Error Correcton
Lp con m ha vt (PCS) p gao d}ch v dng m ha trong
Ethernet thet b} p vt . EPON }nh ngha mt thng xng cua
1.0 Gbps c cc hung thuong nguon v h nguon, v thng qua
8B/10B dng m ha uoc su dng trong IEEE802.3 ggabt Ethernet tu chun 9, khon
36. M 8B/10B cho bet thm mt ch ph 25 hn che dsparty5 chy 1.
Bn cnh truyen t trnh t km sot p vt , m 8B/10B to ra mt
DC u ra cn bng v u cho qu trnh chuyn d dng phc ho ong ho. Tuy nhn,
n m tang t bu tuong en 1250 Mbaud/s.6
Vc su dng FEC ty chon trong EPON. IEEE 802.3ah }nh ngha tu chun
RS (255, 239) M kh trong p EPON PCS 9, khon 65. eu ny tuong t
m uoc su dng trong G-PON. Bt chan uoc n vo cu cua m khung. Nhu nhau
G-PON, k t kh ong ho tc khng thay kh a FEC
n, thng uong d u uoc gm kh FEC uoc su dng. RS (255,
239) kh m khng thay cc bt thng tn. eu ny cho php ONs m
khng h tro FEC cng ton t v ONs h tro FEC khung m ha. Mt
au n khng c h tro FEC ch on gn s b qua cc bt chan mac d chy o mt
t bt cao hon (BER).
2.7.5 Ethernet Framng
EPON truyen d u nhu khung Ethernet c nguon gc trong phn PON. Ethernet
khung khung hnh kch thuc ben. Tu chun }nh dng khung Ethernet 9 uoc th hn trong
S chnh ch chy dn cho s khc bt trong s 0 v 1 trong cc truyen
k t.
6Many EPON t u tep th} gan n khng }nh tc d u EPON 1,25 Gb / s.
5
60
w 4ctet
1 4ctet
\ 4ctet
\ 4ctet
( 4ctet
PON Ken trc xt
V^& n;& SG
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Ph&dG 8K& T V4L&
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Hnh 2.30 Tu chun }nh dng khung Ethernet.
V. 2.30. N bt u v mt n u v mt 1-octet khung bt u dau phn cch (SFD)
bu th} s kho u cua mt frame.7 Cc tu chun EPON m cho vc su dng ten
nh vc thng tha v nhng thay mang LLIDs cho ONs 9, khon 65.
M khung mang }a ch MAC nguon v ch, m
c ha nh vc 6 octet. A 2-octet nh vc cheu d / o uoc su dng dn cho cheu d cua
t trong kh g tr} cua n ga 0 v 1500 (cheu d t a t trong).
Kh g tr} cua n ga nam 1536 v 65.535, n uoc su dng dn cho cc o
Khung Ethernet. Do , vc su dng cc nh vc ny dn cho cheu d v ku
o tr n nhau. Khung Ethernet c kch thuc t trong ben 46-1500
octet. Sau kh t trong 4 octet khung km tra trnh t (FCS) su dng
km tra du tha theo chu ky (CRC).
N c th uoc nhn thay t hnh. 2.30 khung Ethernet mang trn t thu
byte truyen t thng tn qun v gao thc. Trong nh vc Ethernet,
qun v OAM thng tn uoc thc hn bng cch su dng cc on v} d u gao thc
(PD) v khung OAM, khung Ethernet tu chun xc }nh bo
g tr} cheu d / o ac bt. Ngh} }nh thu v OAM thng tn uoc thc hn trong
nh vc trong t cua PD v khung OAM. Nhng khung hnh uoc ghp knh trong bang tn
v khc Ethernet khung thc ngu dng t d u thc te.
2.7.6 a Contro Protoco (MPCP)
Cc MPCP 9, khon 64 trong p con MPMC su dng eu khn a m
on v} d u gao thc (MPCPDs) thc hn pht hn au n v chc nang khc nhau-
vn hnh. N cng cung cap co che trong t truy cp trung bnh o thuong nguon
km sot ga nheu ONs.
7
d khung Ethernet uoc tnh m khng bao gom phn mo u v cc nh vc SFD.
EPON
T5 T1
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Hnh 2.31 EPON qu trnh khc nhau.
2.7.6.1 Khc nhau, trong EPON
Ou trnh khc nhau, o RTT ga OLT v ONs
rng OLT mt cch thch hop c th b p cc khe th gan nguoc dng cap cho
ONs trnh va chm o thuong nguon. N t uoc thng qua Cua v Bo co
MPCPDs nhu hnh. 2.31. C OLT v ON duy tr cua ho
quy cua }a phuong 32-bt tang trong 16 ns th gan uong tu. Trong
qu trnh khc nhau, cc OLT gu Cua nhn v tem th gan T1
(Hnh 2.31) dn cho th gan tuyt . ON nhn Gate
thng bo o T2 sau kh s chm tr truyen dn v thet p b em th gan cua mnh cho T1. Sau
kh
mt s chm tr xu , au n gu mt thng p Bo co c T3, v
th gan ng dau T4 T1 (T3AT2). OLT nhn uoc tn nhn bo co v
th gan ng dau T4 t tuyt th gan T5 nhu uoc ch ra trong hnh. 2.31. C th thay rng
RTT ch on gn T5AT4.
2.7.6.2 Cng v Bo co hot ng
Hot ng Cng cung cap co che cho OLT xc }nh th gan
khe ONs c th truyen t. Khng gng nhu trong G-PON no OLT xc }nh
bt u v ngng th gan trong ga s cua 1-byte, cc hot ng Cng }nh m bt u
th gan v cheu d cua khe th gan trong ga cua 16 ns (tuong uong v 2-byte trong
ggabt EPON) th gan uong tu 9, khon 64.
Hnh 2.32 cho thay hot ng EPON Gate. Cc Cua MPCPD cha
tem th gan, th gan bt u v d cua truyen thuong nguon. Kh nhn uoc
khung Gate, au n cp nht th gan cua mnh ang k con dau, khe bt u ang k, v
ang k khe cm d.
62
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DG n&
jhch hKng MIP
MIPW)T_WV.rebGest (YITE)
MI$ITI.rebGest (...)
MIP
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Hnh 2.32 EPON cng hot ng.
Trong hot ng bo co, mt ON thng bo cho OLT v d hng o v
cung cap thng tn th gan tnh ton RTT bng cch gu Bo co
MPCPD. Kh nhn uoc Bo co MPCPD, cc bn cp nht OLT au n
xep hng ang k d v RTT ang k nhu hnh. 2.33.
2.7.6.3 BW ng
Tu chun EPON khng xc }nh cc ch tet thc hn cc DBA.
Tuy nhn, hot ng Cng v Bo co cung cap gao dn cn thet v
co che km sot bang thng au n. vo cc nh cung cap thet ke cc
Chen uoc DBA v cc thut ton. Chuong 5 bn ve co che DBA trong hon
ch tet.
2.7.6.4 a km sot d u gao thc (MPCPD)
MPCPDs 64-byte-d MAC khung khng c gn th VLAN. Chung chung
}nh dng cua MPCPD uoc hn th} trong hnh. 2,34. MPCPDs uoc cng nhn bo
MAC khung o 0A88-08 trong nh vc cheu d / o. 2-octet nh vc op-code
xc }nh cc o tn nhn MPCPD. Hnh 2.34 cng cho thay cc op-m
cho tat c cc o MPCPD quy }nh t EPON. M tn nhn MPCPD
cha mt nh vc tem th gan 4 octet OLT v ONs c th n tc
EPON
WVT
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MIPW)T_WV.&n8&c%t&4n (HW PW)
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Hnh 2.33 EPON Bo co hot ng.
cp nht m khc sua cha cho th gan tr (v d nhu do thay so
nht v p c).
Phn d u / pad cua MPCPD cha cc thng s MAC uoc su dng trong
MPCP v cn thet khng m duy tr 64-byte kch thuc khung hnh. Hon
ch tet cua MPCPD uoc ua ra trong Ph c II. Bn oc quan tm c th tham kho
Khon 64 cua B tu chun IEEE802.3 cho cc ch tet chnh xc cua MPCPD.
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64
PON Ken trc xt
2.7.6.5 Autodscovery cua EPON ON
Ou trnh t ng ny cho php EPON ONs ang k v tham ga
h thng cung cap nang uong sau kh n. OLT phn b MAC o v chuyn nhuong
LLIDs ONs cho m-m th ua (P2PE).
Trong Autodscovery, au n v trao OLTs kh nang cua nhau
chng hn nhu th gan ong b ha cc che thu OLT n. ong b ha
th gan th gan yu cu cua OLT, sau kh nhn uoc s bng n cua d u, kha chnh
ong ho au n my pht v eu chnh ngung quyet }nh cua mnh vo t khon cho
s khc bt ve mc nang uong nhn uoc t ONs khc nhau.
thc hn t ng ny, cc chuong trnh pht sng OLT khm ph Cng khung }nh ky-
ong mnh. Nhu hnh. 2.35, mt cua s khm ph Ltd do pht hn
Cua khu. OLT cng truyen che chp th gan ong b thu cua n ONs
o cua ng pht hn ONs bet }nh dng tn hu nguoc dng v nhn r
bu tuong trong th gan ong b ha kh ban u. Mt ON c }nh ang k
nhn uoc cua pht hn v gu mt yu cu ang k sau kh ch o mt ngu nhn
s chm tr. OLT nhn uoc yu cu ang k v phn b cc au n v
LLID. OLT sau gu mt khung cua cap khe th gan nguoc dng
cho au n v LLID va uoc cap pht truyen t mt k Xc Nhn
khung, c ngha ket thc cua qu trnh ang k.
Trong cua s khm ph, nheu ONs c th c gng ang k t
cng mt th gan v nguyn nhn v va chm t OLT. Tranh trong cua s khm ph
WVT
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DG n&
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Hnh 2,35 Ou trnh Autodscovery (t 9, n v s cho php cua IEEE Std. IEEE
Tu chun 802.3, nam 2005, cm nhn sng mang nheu truy cp v pht hn va chm (CSMA / CD) truy cp
phuong php v p vt ch tet k thut, bn quyen 2005, bo IEEE).
EPON
65
uoc g quyet bng cch thm mt s chm tr ngu nhn truc m ON truyen ang k
khung. N cng c th cho mt OLT nhn uoc nheu khung hnh k hop trong mt
cua s khm ph.
2.7.7 Pont-to-Pont th ua (P2PE) trong EPON
Gao dn Ethernet MAC uoc ket n v p 2 (L2) chuyn mch hoac
Layer-3 (L3) router. Chuyn mch L2 trc tep ket n cc thet b} mng trn
Lp Ethernet v do c hu qu hon, t tn km hon, v d dng hon qun
trong mt m trung mng LAN. Mat khc, }nh tuyen uoc su dng trong mt mng dn rng
ket n nheu Layer-2 mng 13. Trong mt m trung Ethernet, L2
ket n uoc thc hn bng cch su dng IEEE802.1 da brdges8 hoac chuyn mch 31, 32. Mt
Ethernet swtch chuyn tep uu uong ga nheu cng cua n. M cng
ket n v mt men qung b khc nhau cha mt hoac nheu thet b} MAC.
Mt chuyn g }nh rng trong nh vc pht sng cng mt thet b} c th MAC
chuyn tep uu uong trc tep v nhau m khng cn tro gp. N thc hn cc L2
chuyn chc nang bng cch km tra SA v DA cua m khung nhn uoc. Neu c ha
trong s ho thuc ve cng mt tn men (v d ket n v cng mt cng), n oc ra
cc g tn m khng cn chuyn tep n. eu ny gp bo ton bang thng trong khc
phn cua mng v c thn hu suat mng.
Trong mt h thng EPON, cc ket n Ethernet xng P2P uoc thay the bng
ket n P2MP bat xng. Do tnh chat }nh hung cua cc nt eu khn t xa,
ONs khng th nhn thay gao thng o thuong nguon cua nhau trc tep (Hnh 2.36). Trong mt thu
bao
mng, t sn hung ny cung cap mt o the bo mt vn c. Khng bao g
theess, n cng h OLT gp chuyn tep truyen n au n.
Khng qua xu , mt chuyn 802,1 IEEE ket n v OLT s
xem tat c cc khung hnh n au n v SA v DA thuc cc on v} MAC
ket n v cng chuyn tuong t v do ho s c trong cng mt
men. Ket qu , vc chuyn s khng chuyn tep uu uong ga khc nhau
ONs ket n v OLT cng.
g quyet van e ny, mt chc nang P2PE uoc to ra trong p RS. Cc
Chc nang P2PE bn o EPON khung t m au n v mt MAC khc nhau trong
OLT, m sau uoc ket n v mt p cao hon thc th nhu chuyn L2 (Hnh 2.37).
Chc nang P2PE t uoc bng cch thay n u o pha truc cua MAC
khung bao gom mt LLID. L mo u thay v LLID uoc su dng trong
Phn PON. }nh dng cua EPON mo u sua uoc hn th} trong hnh. 2.38.
Cu v chuyn nhng thut ng thay the cho nhau uoc su dng m t cc thet b} chuyn tep L2 khung.
Cu thut ng ban u. Cu u tn ny uoc thc hn bng cch su dng phn mem. Chuyn hon
thung uoc su dng m t cu thc hn trong chp Scon.
8
66
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Hnh 2.36 Mac d tat c cc uu uong truy cp au n en cng vt t OLT, bo v
cua hung n tch couper uoc su dng t nt t xa, ONs khng th nhn thay nhau
gao thng cua ngu khc m khng cn s tro gp chuyn tep cua OLT.
N bt u v mt dau phn cch bt u LLID (SLD) nh vc, tep theo 2 byte v mt
2-byte LLID. Mt trung CRC 1-byte bo v d u t SLD v LLID.
Bt u tn cua LLID mt pht sng bt ch ra hoac uu uong truy cp uncast. Cc
phn cn cua 15 bt c kh nang h tro 32.768 ONs ogc khc nhau.
Bt che uoc thet p 0 cho hot ng P2PE. Hnh 2.39 cho thay nguyn tc
EPON P2PE. Kh bt che uoc thet p 1, OLT su dng c go on bn sao
WVT
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pht sng (SCB) MAC pht sng uu uong truy cp en tat c cc ONs. Ph mat o the cua
bn }a EPON h uu hot ng qung b. ngan chan con bo pht sng trong L2
cng tc, tu chun EPON e ngh} nn trnh cc ket n cua cc cng SCB
802,1 b} chuyn mch, v su dng n ch ket n v L3 routers9 hoac cc my chu cho
ph ben thng tn. Hnh 2.40 mnh hoa SCB MAC v m phng
P2P Mac trong mt m hnh EPON.
Ngu ta c th nhn thay rng cc kh nm ve LLID trong EPON v cua Aoc-ID
trong G-PON tuong t. Trong mt G-PON, au n duy nhat c th uoc phn b v nheu
T-CONTs v nhau Aoc-ID. Nhu mt van e cua thc te, mt ON EPON c th
cng uoc phn b v nheu LLIDs. Mt s hn thc cua EPON m
su dng cua nheu LLIDs thc hn c chat uong khc nhau cua cc p d}ch v 36.
2.7.8 EPON m ha v bo v
Tu chun IEEE802.3ah khng xc }nh m ha v bo v mech-
ansms cho EPON. M ha rat quan trong m bo s rng tu kh ONs
ket n trc tep cho ngu su dng nhu trong cc ng dng FTTH. Bo v quan trong
kh ONs uoc cha s ga cc nhm ngu su dng nhu trong cc ng dng FTTB / FTTC.
Trn kha nheu chp EPON bao gom m ha nh cung cap c th
co che c th uoc kch hot bo cc nh cung cap d}ch v neu cn thet.
Con bo pht sng gy ra bo cc vng trong mt mng, cho php cc g tn nhn rng v
uu thng m cu cng su dng het bang thng mng. L2 chuyn mc ch su dng cy mo rng
gao thc (STP) m bo khng c nheu ung ton t ga ha nt v do trnh
kh nang to thnh vng. Kh c ha n ket P2P m phng v n ket SBC ton t ga
cc OLT v ON, STP s b} n n. Khng gng nhu cc thet b} chuyn mch L2, L3 gao thc }nh tuyen c th
su dng nheu ung dn tn hu cn bng t. Ho cng c th su dng th gan-to-ve (TTL)
nh vc trnh vng.
9
68
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Hnh 2.39 Hot ng EPON m-m th ua.
2.7.9 Ethernet OAM p con
Bn cnh tu chun ha cc cng ngh EPON, mt eu cua IEEE
802.3ah c uong ac nhm pht trn p con OAM cho Ethernet. Cc OAM
WVT
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Hnh 2.40 Pont-to-pont v on bn sao pht sng (SCB) Mac trong mt m hnh EPON.
G-PON v EPON So snh
69
Lp con 9, khon 57 mt ty chon p con MAC (Hnh 2.29) trong
khng ch c th uoc xy dng trong EPON m cn trong cc thet b} Ethernet khc. Trong thc te,
EPON
ch bao gom mt tp hop con cua cc tuong uoc qun bo p con OAM. Nhat
cua EPON ASICs uoc xy dng v p con OAM m c th uoc su dng cho
qun OLT v ON.
2,8 G-PON v EPON SO SANH
Mt so snh cap cao cua EPON v G-PON uoc ua ra trong Bng 2.4. T mt
quan m k thut, mt trong nhng khc bt n ga G-PON v EPON
h tro cho cc mch TDM. G-PON cha tn hu thuong uu v h uu
vo khung 125 ms. Khung d u uoc ng g bng cch su dng ng g GEM
v kh nang phn khc, cho php cc mch TDM v m bo bang
cheu rng v granuartes 64 kb / s uoc to ra ga OLT v ONs.
Mat khc, trong mt h thng EPON, ben cheu d bn }a Ethernet
khung uoc su dng trong cc p truyen t. Mch th ua 33-35 cn thet
thc hn cc mch TDM c }nh bang thng.
Trong kh EPON uoc t uu ha cho gao thng vn t g tn Ethernet bn }a, cc
GEM ng g cho php thch ng d dng hon cc tn hu }nh dng khc. Trong mt
H thng EPON, bo co bang thng v t tro cc chc nang uoc thc hn bng cch su dng
MPCPDs. M cng au n hop v mt LLID khc nhau h rng cua mnh
Cng v Bo co khung rng bt, khung Ethernet y u. Hon
ID uoc phn b hop , cao hon cc ch ph cua MPCP 9, khon 64.
Nguoc , G-PON bo co bang thng v t tro cc chc nang c th uoc cng
vo PCB trn cua khung GTC 24. M ch ph PCBd cha
cc thng tn phn b bang thng cho tat c cc cap T-CONTs. eu ny m cho
G-PON trn khng rat hu qu so v EPON. Mt phn tch rat tt cua
APON, G-PON, EPON v hu qu ch ph c th uoc tm thay trong 36.
Bng 2.4
G-PON v EPON so snh
EPON
Tc d u h uu (Mbps)
Tc d u thuong nguon (Mbps)
Trong t ng g
H tro TDM
Laser on / off
AGC
CDR
1000
1000
Ethernet bn }a
Th ua mch
512 ns
$ 400 ns
$ 400 ns
G-PON
1244 hoac 2488
155, 622, 1244, hoac 2488
GEM
Vng
13% ns
44 ns
70
PON Ken trc xt
G su cha 32-way10 cho c EPON v G-PON, h thng EPON
cung cap mt bang thng trung bnh 31,25 Mbps cho m ON trong c h uu v
hung thuong nguon. Mt G-PON v 2488 Mbps bang thng xng
cung cap 77,75 Mbps cho m ON. Cc RBOCs o Hoa Ky khng
ngh rng cng suat EPON p ng cc yu cu trong mt trung tm d u hn
x h (Chap. 1). y mt trong nhng do m G-PON uoc chon
cng ngh cua s a chon cho cc yu cu chung v e xuat (RFP) do
Veron, SBC, v Be South.11 p ng nhu cu ngy cng tang, t th m
vet, IEEE bt u mt c uong ac nhm m 802.3av eu pht trn
10 Gb / s EPON 38.
2.9 SPER PON
Su PON uoc e xuat t uoc nen knh te tt hon bng cch tang tm
cc h thng PON vuot qu 20 km v h tro t cha cao hon hoac 1:64
thm ch 1:128. Hu het cc nghn cu PON su uoc thc hn trong phm v chu Au
Cng ong 39-41.
Tuy nhn, su PON ph mat v nhng thch thc sau y:
1. Tc bt trong h thng PON s tep tc tang do nhu cu bang thng
pht trn. Mt nang uong t thu cho m bt cn thet g cho BER. Phuong tn ny
rng bng cch tang t bt, sc mnh cn thet, bng sn phm
cua t bt v nang uong cho m bt, s tang n tuong ng. h tro mt
kch thuc nhm c pheu n hon v bang thng su dng trung bnh cng yu cu
tang t bt p vt . Tang cung kh nang tch v xuyn
khong cch nhm v s m tang tn that ga OLT v ON. Nhu mt
Ket qu, mt s ga tang ng k trong ngn sch quyen c ga OLT v ON
cn thet cho su Pons. Trong thc te, su PON yu cu cc b khuech trong nh vc ny
cung cap ngn sch nang uong cn thet.
2. B khuech so knh te khng c san t 1:03 1:49 mm thuong nguon v
buc sng h uu. Cng ngh khuech quang hoc truong thnh nhat,
b khuech so erbum-pha tp (EDFA) hot ng trong bang tn C, cng
phm v quang ph v s mat mt chat xo t thu. S mat mt chat xo trong 1:3 mm gn nhu tang
gap
m at 1:55 mm. Mac d cng ngh khuech khc nhu Semcon-
ductor quang Ampfer (SOA) 42 hoac khuech Raman 43 c th uoc su dng,
cc cng ngh ny vn cn rat tn km. S khuech Raman h rat
Cc tu chun IEEE 802.3ah ch quy }nh t 1:16 tch. Nhat EPON thuong m
PHY khng h tro t cha 01:32.
11SBC, AT & T, v Be South sp nhp vo mt cng ty duy nhat, m tro thnh m
'' & T''.
10
WDM-PON
71
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
cng suat bom cao v at ra van e an ton, kh khan trong mt mng truy cp
m trung. SOA thung c teng on con s rat cao.
Khuyech quang h uu c th d dng cha s ga nheu
ONs. Tuy nhn, cha s mt b khuech nguoc dng c th uoc thu thch uoc-
nguyn nhn ONs uoc at o khong cch khc nhau v cc tht h khc nhau cc
khuech quang hoc. Ngo ra, d u uoc gu nguoc dng trong che burst, h
khuech quang hoc c kh nang km sot thong qua nhanh.
Hu qu phn tn xung quanh 1:05 mm buc sng nonneggbe. Phn tn
nh huong tang theo bnh phuong tc bt 3. V vy, m khng su dng phn tn,
thu khoan dung, kh c ha t bt v khong cch tang n, phn tn
hnh pht s tro nn c ngha. Trong mt h thng truy cp ch ph nhy cm, eu ny c th khng
c ngha knh te, t nhat trong tuong a gn.
RTT tang ga OLT v ON. v mt truyen 20 km ds-
trong, RTT 200 ms. 60 km, th gan ny tang t 600 ms. 1-Gb / s
tc truyen t, eu ny tuong uong v 750.000 byte d u. Cua chng t truc
tho un cho thay kch thuc cua cua s khm ph dnh cho m
ang k au n v nhu cu khc nhau, trang tr s khc bt t a
khong cch ga ONs. Tang kch thuc PON c ngha nheu ban nhc
cheu rng cn ph uoc dnh cho Autodscovery cua ONs, tr kh tn s
cc cua s t ng ny gm. Ngo ra, mt nhm c pheu n hon s
tang co h va chm do ang k au n v tang
th gan cn thet cho ang k au n. Tang RTT cng s m tang
tr t yu cu bang thng cap bang thng, m c th van
ematc cho cc ng dng th gan thc.
Trong mt h thng EPON, Gate v Bo co khung rng bt uoc yu cu cho
m LLID. Tang kch thuc nhm c pheu s tang bang thng
ch ph cn thet cho vc MPCP su dng trong mt h thng EPON su 37.
Co che bo v tt hon uoc yu cu nhu kch thuc nhm c pheu tang
bo v mt that b s c tc ng knh doanh quan trong hon eu v mt
nh kch thuc nhm c pheu.
Nhng thch thc cua su PON trong c ha p vt v MAC c th
yu cu cng ngh tn ten m cu cng n hon nhng qung co knh te
vantages t uoc thng qua khong cch truyen dn d hon v phn n hon
nhm.
2.10 WDM-PON
Mt s thay the mo rng kh nang PON bn cnh su PON WDM-PON.
Mt WDM-PON uoc ac trung bo mt couper WDM, thay the n
sptter t thet b} u cu t xa 44.
72
PON Ken trc xt
2.10.1 Nhng thun o v thch thc cua WDM-PON
WDM-PON cung cap nhng uu m sau:
1. Nh my phn ph quang vn cn th ng v do c cng thap
bo tr v tn cy cao thuc tnh cua PS-PON.
2. M ngu dng nhn uoc buc sng rng cua mnh. Do WDM-PON cung cap tuyt v
rng tu.
3. Ket n P2P ga OLT v ONs uoc thc hn trong phm v buc sng.
Khng c P2MP km sot truy cp phuong tn truyen thng yu cu. eu ny gp on gn ho
MAC
p. S khng c g hn khong cch p at bo khc nhau, v cc gao thc DBA.
4. D dng pay-as-you-pht trn nng cap. Trong mt PS-PON, neu tc OLT uoc tang n,
tat c ONs cn ph uoc nng cap cng mt c. Mt van e nhu vy khng ton t
v WDM-Pons. M buc sng trong mt WDM-PON c th chy v tc khc nhau
cng nhu v mt gao thc khc nhau. Ngu dng c nhn tr ten nng cap rng cua mnh.
Nhng thch thc cua WDM-PON bao gom:
1. Ch ph cao cua cc thnh phn WDM. Tuy nhn, ch ph cua cc thnh phn WDM
gm rat nheu trong nhng nam gn y khen WDM-Pons snh th
nomcay kh th hon. V d, Hn Ouc Teecom bt u cua n
WDM-PON thu nghm. Lo ch trong tu chun WDM-PON cng uoc
to ra trong IT-T SG15 gn y.
2. Km sot nht . Buc sng WDM thnh phn 'c xu hung tr dt v
nht m trung. Km sot nht tu th n nang v
yu cu cc b phn n tu hot ng trong mng u phn ph quang. o b
s cn thet ph km sot nht , thnh phn to n v ken trc
ten b uoc thc hn trong sn xuat nh kn WDM atherma v
h thng nht bat kh tr.
3. Hot ng au n khng mu. Trong mt WDM-PON, m ON cn mt khc nhau
buc sng cho ket n thuong nguon. Ny trnh by mt oper-kh nghm trong
atona v knh te van e. Buc sng au n c th g thu ng
nhng thch thc khng th trong vc qun dy chuyen sn xuat, c pheu hng ton kho, t
thu, v
bo tr. Rat nheu g php uoc pht mnh nhn ra khng mu
ONs trong 20 nam qua.
Cng ngh ten b thc knh te h thng WDM-PON s
uoc xem xt mt cch ch tet trong chuong. 3.
2.10.2 dn trn Wavegude Sn u (AWG) Router
Cc b }nh tuyen AWG mt yeu t quan trong trong nheu ken trc WDM-PON. Mt con-
ventona N buc sng WDM couper 1 Nthet b} nhu hnh. 2.41 (a).
WDM-PON
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Hnh 2.41 Thng thung WDM couper vs ng dn sng dn trn u.
Cc thnh phn cua mt tn hu quang u vo uoc chuyn t cng u ra c th ph hop-
ng v cc buc sng cua ho nhu uoc ch ra trong hnh. 2.41 (a). Mt router chung AWG bao gom
cua ha ng sao ghp n v nhau tay ng dn sng c d khng ong eu nhu
hnh. 2.41 (b) 45. M cnh tay c n quan en cnh tay tep gp v mt hng s
cheu d khc nhau. Cc ng dn sng c chc nang nhu mt cch tu quang hoc g tn
tn hu cua buc sng khc nhau.
Tn go khc cua AWG trong van hoc buc sng b }nh tuyen u (WGR). Mt
ac m rat quan trong v hu ch cua AWG buc sng mang tnh chu ky cua n
t sn }nh tuyen mnh hoa bng bng trong hnh. 2.41 (b) 2. V mt WDM bnh thung
a hnh. 2.41 (a), neu mt'' out-of-phm v'' buc sng, (v d nhu lA1 hoac l4, 5)
uoc gu en cng u vo, buc sng ch on gn b} mat hoac b} chan'''' t
t bat ky cng ra. Mt thet b} AWG c th uoc thet ke sao cho sng cua n
t sn d g m knh ap ap trong th gan cc dy quang ph
uoc go dy quang ph mn ph (FSR). Hon na, neu u vo a buc sng
chuyn sang cng u vo tep theo, cc buc sng u ra demutpexed cng chuyn sang
cc cng u ra tep theo cho ph hop. AWGs theo chu ky cng uoc go mu sc
AWGs t hon, mac d tc g khng thch thut ng c nhn ny.
T sn cua AWG buc sng theo chu ky c th uoc kha thc cho php nheu
m ken trc thng mnh. V d, bng cch su dng ha cng en ke
ket n pha thuong uu v h uu, cng buc sng c th uoc t su dng''''
cho truyen t v tep nhn t mt au n. Chuong 6 mnh hoa nheu cun tu thuyet
e n bo v uoc kch hot bo AWGs theo chu ky.
74
PON Ken trc xt
2.10.3 Bng pht hnh th ua v Pont-to-Pont
Hot ng
Pht sng mt cch rat hu qu phn ph mt s uong n cc thng tn
cho nheu ngu dng. Hnh 2.42 mnh hoa mt phuong php m phng mt d}ch v truyen hnh
trong WDM-PON v mt nguon quang bang thng rng nhu LED 46, 47.
Trong hnh. 2.42, mt bang thng rng khuech pht x t pht (ASE) nguon nh sng
nhu mt n LED n u tn eu che v cc d u pht sng. u ra cua
LED uoc oc (bo b oc F) mt FSR cua AWG truc kh uoc chuyn gao cho
ngu dng cu. Sau kh qua AWG, m ngu dng s nhn uoc mt phn cua chec
eu che nguon bang thng rng v eu che d u tuong t, mac d o khc nhau
buc sng. Cc con s tuong t cng cho thay cc d}ch v P2P uoc chuyn gao trong mt
FSR khc nhau su dng t aser nhng nguon dng. Pht sng v
D}ch v P2P uoc ghp t CO su dng WDM th (CWDM) thet b}.
2.10.4 2-Pons-trong-1
Mt van e v ct quang ph g hn do t pht-bo tro
pht th taneous nh b teng on trong cc nguon ASE, t thun v t
bang thng n cua ngu nhn bang thng quang ph nhn 48.
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WDM-PON
75
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)g.& s%4
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Nhu tang t bt v knh khong cch gm, BER cu cng
g hn bo t pht-t pht teng on nh}p pht th.
Mt s thay the h tro hot ng pht sng trn WDM-PON su dng
2-Pons-n-1 ken trc. Mt cch nhn ra eu ny su dng cc thet b} hn th} trong
V. 2.43 49. Trong s sp xep ny, buc sng pht sng ( v PS-PON)
tch ra t cc buc sng chuyn bng cch su dng WDM a th. Cc
buc sng pht sng ch vo u couper th ha v uoc pht sng vo
tat c cc cng u ra trong kh cc buc sng WDM P2P uoc chuyn en ho
cng ra tuong ng.
2.10.5 WDM-on-WDM
Bng cch su dng nheu FSRs cua mt AWG, a c th cung cap nheu buc sng
d}ch v cho au n tuong t. Mt b phn a buc sng th (CWDM)
su dng t OLT ket hop d}ch v chem FSRs khc nhau (Hnh 2.44).
Mt CWDM tuong t t mt au n tch cc d}ch v c nhn. Trong thc te, trn
mt co so h tng phn ph so vt , mt snh ra nheu WDM-
Pons tch bt bo nh vc quang ph khc nhau uoc xc }nh bo FSRs AWG. Ny
Ken trc WDM-on-WDM cung cap cc con ung t uoc s nh hot chua tng c
v kh nang tang truong 50, 51.
Cc kh nm ve WDM-on-WDM uoc chng mnh trn cha u thu nghm
gung cua AT & T Labs vo nam 1997 50. Hnh 2.45 m t cc thet p thu nghm gung. 8 8
AWG v cau hnh ha so uoc su dng trong trnh dn tn phong ny. Cc
ngn sch nang uong uoc thet ke m phng mt phn cha 16 cheu.
76
Th. #$M
PON Ken trc xt
P
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$
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Hnh 2.44 Bng cch su dng cc thet b} CWDM ket hop v tch tn hu quang hoc trong nheu FSRs
cua mt thet b} AWG, mt h thng WDM-on-WDM nh hot cao, c th t uoc.
Ba d}ch v uoc cung cap'''' trong thet p u ngy ny. (1) 50 Mbps ch ph thap
baseband d u, tho v d}ch v vdeo thc trong mt FSR gn 1:03 mm
buc sng. n LED m mt v ct quang ph uoc su dng thc hn d}ch v ny.
(2) Ha b d}ch v truyen hnh pht sng k thut s 80 knh thc hn trn ha FSRs
tm t 1545 nm v 1565 nm buc sng. Cc d}ch v ny uoc su dng m mt
n LED uoc eu che trc tep v OPSK RF sng mang con. LED
ket qu u ra uoc khuyech v u nang uong phc v hon 1000 ngu, qu
stratng vc cha s cc thet b} quang hoc xuong sng. (3) 2,5 Gbps OC-48 cao
tc '''' d}ch v trong tuong a thc hn bo DFB aser v buc sng trong 1:5 mm
khu vc.
2.10.6 La WDM / TDM-PON
Mt cch khc tang kh nang mo rng h thng PON ngo brute-force
cch tep cn su-PON su dng mt ken trc WDM / TDM-PON a.
Mt cuc bu tnh cua mt h thng nhu vy uoc ua ra trong 52 v hnh. 2.46.
Su dng mt AWG 16 buc sng v 1 8 n sptter, hot ng cua 128
ONs uoc chng mnh trn nh my np cng. Khng mu ON v OLT
my pht uoc thc hn bo aser Fabry-Perot c u ra buc sng
tm kha cc nguon ASE quang ph v do th t t ng

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77
78
PON Ken trc xt
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s*n phmng trGng t>+ (PW)
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my pht: (a) n ket h uu v (b) n ket thuong nguon (t 52, bn quyen 2005 bo IEEE,
n v s cho php).
WDM-PON
79
ph hop v u n buc sng AWG. Hot ng che chp trong mt nht
phm v chat cua 0-60 8C uoc chng mnh trong thet p ny.
WDM-PON Ethernet (WE-PON) d n pht trn chung cua n tu-
cs v Vn Nghn cu Vn thng, Hn Ouc (ETRI) v Hn Ouc Tee-
com 53 ket hop cng ngh EPON v WDM-PON v nhau. Su dng 32
buc sng v 1 32 sptter, 1000 ngu su dng m WE-PON c th.
Trong WE-PON m thu nghm, ha o my pht thuong nguon uoc su dng.
Lp so o kh quang hoc cua ha thet ke ny uoc th hn trong hnh. 2.47.
Ngu u tn su dng mt SOA phn quang tang bo ha (RSOA) (Hnh 2.48). Cc
eu che mt phn tn hu quang hoc h uu o nguoc eu che bo mt
an ve pha truc tn hu hn t trong RSOA o b cc h uu modu-
aton (Hnh 2.49). Tn hu cng mt buc sng ny sau uoc eu che v
d u nguoc v truyen cho cc OLT. Ha so uoc su dng t
cc OLT tch cc tn hu h uu v thuong uu nhu trong
V. 2.47 (a).
Lo th ha cua my pht dng thuong nguon su dng mt tch hop PLC-ECL
ke hoch mch sng nh sng bn ngo bng aser khoang du duong (Hnh 2.50). Xung-
dng v nguoc dng tn hu uoc tch thnh L-band v C-band tn trong-
vey, m cho vc su dng nheu FSRs cua mt AWG theo chu ky. Mt so on np
uoc su dng ket n OLT v RT (Hnh 2.47 (b)).
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H 6nc
(I)
s*n phmng trGng t>+
ThG= b%4
VP7EPV
$

P7H%n8
V7H%n8

$
(H)
Hnh 2.47 WE-PON p quang hoc so o kh. (nh cua ETRI v Korea Teecom).

80
PON Ken trc xt
Ph&p _"WI
ng -enh -h:p n&
H%24 h4%
101
ZL 6/G
Th/9ng ngGn
101 1
Ph/0ng trunh _e+48G6%t&4n
TW764n ;ng g;& _"WI
_"WI tr4ng +t +.7Gn M"I
Hnh 2.48 RSOA m-un uoc su dng trong ETRI WE-PON nguyn mu. (nh cua ETRI v Hn Ouc
Vn thng.)
2.10.7 Nhn so thc vt hu ch bo WDM
Nh my so bao gom co so h tng quan trong nhat cua mt so quang truy cp
mng. Xy dng mt nh my so h ph u tu mo rng ve vn, th gan,
ao ng, chnh quyen, v quyen uu tn cch m phn phc tp. K thut
Do , su dng nh my c thn chat xo rat c g tr} cho chu so hu co so h tng.
WDM cung cap mt con ung nhn cc tn ch cua mt nh my so cua quang ph
phn bt chung tc 54. V d, ngu ta c th tuong tuong mt buc sng WDM bang thng rng
ntereaver m chng ta go mt'' bang thng my phn o'' o y. My phn o bang thng
cch y quang ph quang vo ban nhc xen k nhu hnh. 2.51.
My phn o ban nhc ny c th uoc thc hn su dng tet km cc b oc mng mng quang
hoc,
Lu so Bragg, hoac cc cng ngh p ke hoch nh sng ng dn sng.
Cng ngh PON khc nhau sau c th uoc trn kha trn cc so vt nhu nhau
nh my su dng cc ban nhc xen k. V d,'' ban nhc'' A trong hnh. 2.51 c th
b} chem ng bo mt EPON trong kh'''' ban nhc, bo mt APON hoac G-PON,
hnh. 2.52. Nhu vy, bng mt sua on gn cua thu pht sng
d v su dng my phn o ban nhc ch ph thap, ngu ta c th nhn ra ha Pons cho mt
co so h tng.
Cc G.694.2 chun IT-T 55 }nh ngha ban nhc quang hoc trn mt CWDM 20-nm
(WDM th) u n, trong c u rng cho php DFB aser m mt
hot ng trong m bang tn. Nhng ban nhc CWDM c th co so cho ban nhc
thet ke my phn o.
WDM-PON
X0
P.ng sGDt SG r%
X1 (!!PX)
1
0
81
H&=n sebGeexe8
hL 6/G
01010
&A+ b@4 hm%
ZL 6/G
ten h&RG bG%ng hnc
Up7&dG chF
8mng bG%ng
ten h&RG
P.ng sGDt SG JK4
s~ng b@4 hm%
M. hunh SG r% WVT, E_ 8.(8H
M. hunh SG r% _"WI (b@4 hm% ch{)
!!PX thKnh h%& phSn _"WI
j&A+ s4t
h&Rn tL&
Th/9ng ngGn
&dG chF
SG JK4
"an 6/9ng
M. hunh SG r% _"WI (!!P)
hSn 1 hSn (
""P
Hnh 2.49 n ve pha truc tm hn t RSOA trong WE-PON. (nh cua ETRI v
Korea Teecom).
82
The4 8Q& $
$&48e 6%ser
);ng
"9& bG%ng
Hr%gg76/:&
F "&
2 5
3 0
cG%ng &Rn 8H+
3 5
4 0
4 5
5 0
5 5
1550
(\ n+ 8G 8/0ng
P.ng sGDt SG r% 8H+
0
1 0
2 0
PON Ken trc xt
3 0
4 0
1555
15\0
15\5
15w0
15w5
1580
1585
15l5
1550
1555
15\0
15\5
15w0
15w5
H/:c s;ng n+
H/:c s;ng n+
Hnh 2.50 PLC-ECL uoc su dng trong WE-PON nguyn mu. (nh cua ETRI v Korea Teecom).
WDM-PON
P/^ng
H*ng
1.k 1.k + 1.l 1 . 4 + 1.5 1.5 +
H/:c s;ng (++)
P/^ng
H*ng
1.k 1.k1.5 1.5
+ +
H/:c s;ng (++)
ng/0& 6/1% ch41n
1.k
+
1.5
+
1.kT1.5
#$M
$&p6e3er
1.k

1.5

ng/0& 6/1% ch41n
1.k +
1.l +
1.5 +
1.k
1.l
1.5
83
Hnh 2.51 Mt my phn o ban nhc ntereaves ph quang vo ban nhc (trn) c th uoc
tep tc tch bt v dpexers (du) vo ban nhc cho PON thuong nguon v h nguon
ket n.
s*n phmng trGng t>+
H*ng
ng/0& 6/1% ch41n
T
_
T
_
IW)
DG n& 1
EW)
DG n& 1
O/0ng sng
+Lng
EW)
WVT
"
ng/0& 6/1% ch41n
!ee8er
s9&

IW)
WVT
H*ng
H*ng
ng/0& 6/1% ch41n
T EW)
_ W)U(
Hnh 2.52 APON v EPON trn nh my so cng su dng my phn o ban nhc''.''
84
PON Ken trc xt
2.11 TOM TT
Tm , chng t xem xt ken trc PON khc nhau trong chuong ny.
PON tro thnh mt cng ngh truy cp, nhp khu cung cap the h ke tep rng
d}ch v bang. N cung cap khong cch d v bang thng cao vng }a phuong th ng su dng
snge-mode cp quang. C ha cch chnh nhn ra mt th ng phn
nh my ph: cha quyen c (TDM-PON) v buc sng ghp knh
(WDM-PON).
Th gan ghp knh phn cha uoc su dng cho d u ghp t ONs khc nhau
trn mt PON n tch. Mt qu trnh khc nhau cn thet thet p ONs t
khong cch truyen dn khc nhau t OLT v mt th gan hop chung
t u tham kho, uoc su dng trong p ke hoch au n truyen. Trong mt n tch
PON, bang thng PON uoc cha s ga ONs. Bang thng nang ng aoca-
ha c th uoc su dng nng cao hu qu bang thng v tr nghm ngu dng.
Ngn sch nang uong cu cng g hn tc , khong cch, v au n tnh trong mt
n tch PON. Mt WDM-PON cung cap mt ung dn nng cap khc phc
nhng hn che cua mt PON n tch. Trong mt WDM-PON, mt b a WDM
uoc su dng o RT ket hop cc tn hu t ONs khc nhau. T m ngu dng
phn b v buc sng rng cua mnh, WDM-PON cung cap tt hon nang c, an nnh,
rng tu, cng nhu nng cap d dng hon v m ngu dng c th c nhn n
phn o.
Cc WGR mt yeu t quan trong v quang WDM-PON nt t xa. N
cho php nheu thet ke WDM-PON kh nang mo rng v nh hot. Bng cch su dng cng ngh
CWDM-
ngh trn mt co so h tng PON, c th t su dng co so h tng nh my so
thng qua FSRs khc nhau trong mt WDM-PON hoac bao phu nheu cng ngh PON.
THAM KHO
1 N.. Frgo, TL Iannone, v K.C. Rechmann,'' Mt quan m cua chat xo knh te ga nh,''
IEEE Opt. Commun., vo.2, s 3, ppS16-S23, Thng Tm, nam 2004.
2 N Frgo,'' Mt kho st cua so quang trong ken trc }a phuong, trong'' Cp quang
Vn thng, IIIA, thay n dung bo I.P. Kamnow v T.L. Koch, Academc Press,
pp461-522, nam 1997.
3 G.P. Agrawa, So quang H thng truyen thng, 2 / e, ohn Wey & Sons, 1997.
4 E. Desurvre, Erbum-pha tp chat xo khuech , ohn Wey & Sons, 1994.
5 W.I. Way, Bang thng rng Hybrd Fber / Coax truy cp h thng cng ngh, Nhan hoc tp,
1999.
6 Cornng SMF-28e so T u, c san t http://docb.cornng.com/Optca-
Fber/pdf/p1463.pdf
7 P. Bohn, S. Das,'' yu cu gm tro truyen song cng quang hoc,'' . Lghtwave
Cng ngh cao., vo.5, pp234-254, 1987.
8 cua IT-T G.983.1, bang thng rng truy nhp quang H thng Da trn th ng
Mng quang hoc (PON), nam 2005.
T u tham kho
85
9 chun IEEE 802.3, 2005 Edton, Carrer Sense Mutpe Access v Coson Detec-
phuong php ha (CSMA / CD) truy cp v thng s k thut p vt .
10 L.A. Codren v S.W. Corne, Laser dode v mch quang tu tch hop, ohn
Wey & Sons, 1995.
11 . Ween,'' cng ngh FTTH tc cao trong mt tep cn nen tng chu Au
D n MSE,'' trong Mng bang thng rng truy cp quang hoc v quang-to-the-Home, thay n dung bo
C. Ln, pp139-166, ohn Wey & Sons, 2006.
12 IEC 60825-1, an ton cua sn phm-Phn 1 ta aser: phn o thet b}, yu cu
v hung dn ngu dng, nam 2001.
13 S. Tanenbaum, Mng my tnh, 3 / e, Prentce Ha, 1996.
14 IT-T G.984.1, mng quang th ng Ggabt c kh nang (GPON): Tng Character-
stcs, 2003.
15 IT-T G.984.2, mng quang th ng Ggabt c kh nang (GPON): Meda vt
Ph thuc (PMD) p ac m k thut, 2003.
16 IT-T G.983.3, Mt h thng truy cp bang thng rng v quang tang kh nang d}ch v cua
phn b buc sng nam 2001.
17 F. Coppnger, L. Chen, v D. Peher'' ph tuyen Raman qua n chuyn trong mt p phu vdeo
mng quang th ng,'' gay TuR5, OFC 2003 Tech. Tu ha, vo.1, pp285-286, 2003.
18 IT-T G.983.2, ONT qun v km sot gao dn ac m k thut cho B-PON, 2005.
19 trang web FSAN: http://www.fsanweb.org/
20 trang web SG15 IT-T: http://www.tu.nt/IT-T/studygroups/com15/ndex.asp
21 IT-T G.982, mng truy nhp quang h tro d}ch v ny cho en mc chnh ISDN hay
tc bt tuong uong nam 1996.
22 IT-T G.983.4, Mt h thng truy cp bang thng rng quang hoc v kh nang d}ch v ga tang su dng
chuyn nhuong bang thng nang ng, nam 2001.
23 W.. Gorask, G thu ve mng ATM, McGraw-H, 1995.
24 IT-T G.984.3, mng quang th ng Ggabt c kh nang (G-PON): truyen con-
p h t ac m k thut, nam 2004.
25 S.M. Se, Vt cua thet b} bn dn, 2 / e, ohn Wey & Sons, 1981.
26 IT-T G.7041/Y.1303 (2003), Thu tc khung chung chung (GFP).
27 IT-T G.709/Y.1331, Gao dn cho Mng u gao thng quang (OTN), nam 2003.
28 IT-T G.983.5, Mt h thng truy cp bang thng rng v quang hoc nng cao kh nang sng st, nam 2002.
29 IT-T G.983.6, ONT qun v km sot thng s k thut gao dn cho h thng B-PON
v cc tnh nang bo v nam 2002.
30 Ethernet cho nhng dam u tn (EFM) webste: http://www.eee802.org/3/efm/
31 chun IEEE 802.1d, Meda Access Contro Brdge, 1993.
32 .. Roese, Chuyn mng LAN, McGraw-H, 1999.
33 Metro Ethernet Forum trng,'' G thu ve d}ch v g p mch
over Ethernet,'' c san t http://www.metroethernetforum.org/PDFs/WhtePa-
ngu / G thu-to-CESoE.pdf
34 D tho IETF'' th ua cua cau trc thuyet bat kh tr (khng c cau trc) d}ch v PDH (T1/E1/T3 /
E3),'' c san t http://www.etf/org/nternet-drafts/draft-etf-pwe3-satop-01.txt
35 IETF PW3 nhm m vc, c san t http://www.etf.org/htm.charters/pwe3-
charter.htm
36 M. Haducena, H.. da Sva, v TL Montero,'' nh hot hop -n ket-}nh nhu-
chnh sch sgnment cho Ethernet mng quang th ng da trn mo rng a-
km sot gao thc km sot D dng chy,'' . mng quang hoc, vo.5, s 9, pp681-698, thng Chn,
2006.
86
PON Ken trc xt
37 M. Haducena, H.. da Sva, v TL Montero,'' EPON so v APON v G-PON: a
so snh hu suat ch tet,'' . mng quang hoc, vo.5, s 4, pp298-319, thng Tu,
2006.
38 IEEE 802.3av 10GEPON c uong ac nhm trang web: http://www.eee802.org/3/av/ndex.htm
39 Van de Voorde, C. Martn, . Vandewege, v X Ou,'' The SuperPON bu tnh:
mt tham d cua con ung ten ha c th cho mng truy nhp quang,'' IEEE Commun.
Mag., vo.38, s 2, pp74-82, Thng Ha, nam 2000.
40 C. Bouchat, C. Martn, E. Rngoot, M. Tassent, I. Van de Voorde, B. Stubbe, P. Vaes, X
Ou, v . Vandewege,'' nh g superPON bu tnh,'' 2000 IEEE / Su Tu Sum-
mer t ch cuc hop, bang thng rng truy cp cng ngh, pp25-26, ngy 24-28, Aventura,
Forda nam 2000.
41 .M.P. Deavaux, G.C. Wson, C. Hun, B. Beyret, v C. Bethea'' OAM-PON v
Su PON cho cc mng u phn ph truy cp,'' gay WN2, OFC 2001 k thut Dgest.
42 L. Spekman,'' Cc ng dng cua khuech bn dn quang hoc,'' Chng t Hung dn 1.3,
Thu tc t tng cua ECOC 2003, vo.5, pp268-297, Remn, Y, nam 2003.
43 C. Headey v G.P. Agrawa, S khuech Raman trong so truyen thng quang
H thng, Academc Press, 2005.
44 A. Baneree, Y. Park, F. Cark, H. Song, S. Yang, G. Kramer, K. Km, v B. Mukeree,
'' Buc sng-cha-ghp mng quang th ng (WDM-PON) cng ngh
truy cp bang thng rng: tng'' . mng quang hoc, vo.4, s 11, pp737-756, thng Mu nam 2005.
45 Dragone,'' A a quang NxN su dng mt sp xep phng cua ha b ghp sao''
IEEE Photon. Techno. Lett., vo.3, pp812-815, 1991.
46 TL Iannone, K.C. Rechmann, v N Frgo,'' pht sng k thut s Vdeo Gao hon
WDM th ng Mng quang,'' IEEE Phot. Techno. Lett., vo.8, pp930-932, nam 1996.
47 C.F. Lam, K.C. Rechmann, v TL Iannone,'' cascadabe Moduar pht v
Cung cap cho ngu nhn Nheu d}ch v pht thanh truyen hnh trn WDM th ng quang Net-
hot ng,'' Thu tc t tng cua H ngh} chu Au ve truyen thng quang hoc 26, vo.1,
pp109-110, Munch, c, 03-ngy 07 thng 9, 2000.
48 C.F. Lam, MD Feuer, v N Frgo,'' Hu suat cua PIN v APD thu trong cao
tc WDM h thng truyen t d u su dng quang ph pht x t pht ct t
nguon'' c cu. Lett., vo.36, s 8, pp1572-1574, ngy 31 thng tm nam 2000.
49 Y. L, S Patent 5.926.298, a quang hoc / demutpexer c mt cng pht sng,
Thng by nam 1999.
50 N.. Frgo, K.C. Rechmann, TL Iannone, .L. ysknd, .W. Suhoff, v C. Wof,'' A
Ken trc WDM PON cung cap pont-to-pont v nheu d}ch v pht sng su dng
tnh chat }nh ky cua mt b }nh tuyen WDM,'' gay sau th hn PD24, OFC 97.
51 M.Brk, TL Iannone, K.C. Rechmann, N.. Frgo, v C.F. Lam, S Patent 7.085.495,
H thng'' cho nheu cung cap d}ch v pht sng nh hot hon mt WDM th ng quang hoc
mng da trn RF kh chuyn d}ch v cua cc ban nhc RF trong cc buc sng
ban nhc,'' Thng Tm, nam 2006.
52 D.. Shn, D.K. ung, H.S. Shn, .W. Kwon, S. Hwang, Y. Oh, v C. Shm,'' La
WDM / TDM PON v buc sng a chon mn ph cc my pht,'' IEEE . Lghtwave
Cng ngh cao., Vo.23, s 1, thng mt, nam 2005.
53 . Yoo, H. Yun, T. Km, K. Lee, M. Park, B. Km, v B. Km,'' A WDM-Etherent
a th ng ken trc mng quang hoc,'' H ngh} quc te n th 8 ve ch tet
Cng ngh truyen thng (ICACT 2006), Thng Ha, nam 2006.
54 N. Frgo v C.F. Lam'' WDM Lp phu cua APON v quan m EPON-mt cua hng''
http://grouper.eee.org/groups/802/3/efm/pubc/sep01/am_1_0901.pdf
55 IT-T G.694.2, u quang ph cho cc ng dng WDM: Lu buc sng CWDM, 2002.
Chuong 3
Cng ngh quang hoc trong
Truy cp quang th ng
Mng
Eane Wong
hoc Mebourne
3.1 GIOI THIE
Cc cng ngh quang hoc trong m trung truy cp mng uoc pht
opng v ten v tc nhanh v mc tu t uoc d dng c at,
qun , nng cap, v thn thn v khch hng, ngo vc m
qu hot ng v tn cy cao. M mc tu mang mt ng gp trc tep
v tng s vn v ch ph hot ng cho mng. Cho rng
hap thu y an v trn kha, n bt buc rng mng ch ph
cnh tranh v cc cng ngh truy cp hn t. Trong chuong ny, cc cng ngh quang hoc
uoc pht trn t uoc cc mc tu uoc xem xt.
Sptter quang n mt thnh phn trung tm trong mt th ng n-cha
mng quang hoc (PON) m chc nang chnh cua n phn cha cc suat quang t
cng thng thung eu cho tat c cc cng u ra cua n. C thn ng k
trong sptter quang n t uoc bng vc g thu phng
LghtWave mch (PLC) cng ngh m tn cy cao, ch ph thap cho m cng,
mat chn thap v cha nh fe cao t ong eu t uoc. PLC
cng ngh khng ch cho php cc thet b} chp kch thuc m cn cho php tch hop
nheu chc nang trn mt chp duy nhat, v d sptter n chc nang kp v
thet b} MX / demux. Tuy nhn, vn cn c nhng nh vc c thn uoc
hn ang uoc tp trung vo trong cc thet ke n-cha v mt s cc mc tu
khu vc ny s uoc xem xt.
Hn nay, m thu bao chat xo-to-the-home truy cp (FFTH) mng
d ken s yu cu mt bang thng trung bnh 50-60 Mbps ong th
87
88
d}ch v bang rng nhu truyen hnh nt cao (HDTV), dng vdeo HD
ng, v cho game trc tuyen tuong tc qua Internet bang thng rng c th uoc h tro.
Mac d tc nhu vy c th uoc cung cap ch o uoc trn kha-n-cha
Pons, xu hung cua cc trang web c nhn (v d nhu YouTube, Myspace, Bt Torrent) s
h tc trn 1 Gbps v quan trong hon o thuong nguon drec-
ha trong tuong a gn. Nheu nh cung cap d}ch v hng u v thnh phn manufac-
turers ong mt ghp knh phn cha buc sng (WDM) mng s
g php nng cap ua thch p ng bang thng cao v ngy cng tang nhu vy
nhu cu. Trong mt WDM-PON, m ngu dng uoc ch }nh o h uu / thuong nguon cua mnh
buc sng knh, cho php chuyn dng v c kh nang xng h uu /
bang thng nguoc dng. Mt ng dn sng dn trn u (AWG) phc v nhu th ng
WDM MX / demux hoac mt thnh phn WDM }nh tuyen th ng t nt t xa,
thay the cc b cha quang n trong mt PON n tch. Cng v n
t sn theo chu ky c o, trong buc sng h uu v thuong uu uoc gao
cho mt on v} mng quang hoc ac bt (ON) c th nhp cnh qua cng
Cng AWG, AWG to eu kn rat nheu tnh nang b sung cua WDM-PON
bao gom c au n khng mu, t su dng buc sng v e n bo v.
Tuy nhn, buc sng trung tm cua mt thung sca AWG
thay cng nheu cng tt 0.0125 nm/8C, v cho bn ngo m trung nh my th ng,
ny h nht n }nh cc yeu t h n tc
cung cap n. v hot ng th ng trong cc nh my bn ngo, AWG ph trn m
n }nh nht tt, do hot ng atherma. Hot ng Atherma trong mt
AWG c th uoc su dng chu yeu t uoc ha k thut ny s uoc xem xt trong ny
chuong. Chng ket hop: (a) vc su dng t u hung dn m trn m ng tu
chnh k}p th h s nht quang v s ph thuc nht dn v sca v
(B) cch khc, ket hop v mt tam bo thung co hoc d chuyn trong
cau trc AWG. C ha k thut b p cho ch s khc x nht
thay v gn no nht cua cheu d ung quang hoc trong sca.
Mt trong nhng yeu t ch ph chem uu the trong FTTH vc p at cc trang web au n
m ngu ao ng c tay nghe cao uoc o to m bo rng cc n ga
so trong nh v ngo tr, h thng dy n cua so trong nh, v vc p at
hp cham dt quang hoc, trong mat mt y quang v mat un
hn che. eu ny do so on mode thng thung sca (SMF)
c mt so rat nh (5 - 10 mm! h ph chnh xc xo-to-xo v
cp quang t nguon ket n. Mt chuyn nhe trong ket n c th mang
Suy hao ghp n rat n. Hop van e thng thung SMF
b} suy gm neu b} b cong c bn knh nh (<30 mm). o b cc
cn cho phn ng tng hop cng nhu n co kh h my mc n
v o c cho s n ket so, ket n cun tu thuyet da trn mt pug v cm
cau hnh, uoc pht trn. Hon na, mt ket n nhu vy cho php d dng
v ket n nhanh chng v ngt ket n ga cc so ngo tr v trong nh,
qua nng cao pht hn so v c p ga ngo tr v
G thu
89
so trong nh. Tep xc vt gc cnh (APC) ket n uoc bnh thung
dnh cho tuong t so a ong trc (HFC) mng cng ang uoc xem xt
cho cc mng truy cp ac bt nhng ngu c p phu vdeo anaog. V APC, cc
tro ve tht h, ac bt o phn cu cua mt phn ph khng su dng v s chua cham dt
chat xo, c th uoc gm xung mc thap 65 dB. Hon na, trong nh, c th ket n
un cong t 0 en 90 t cc cm n cng uoc pht trn
tang xu cua khch hng, kh nang m h thng dy n quang hoc, an ton, v tt
xuat hn.
tang thm s hap thu trn FTTH, hot ng nghn cu cng uoc
tp trung pht trn hu suat cao, tnh nang cao, nhung hu qu
so quang trong nh m d b} xu khch hng v thap hon
un hn che tn that. n cong nhy cm so on mode sca da trn
bn knh un cua ch 15 mm uoc pht trn cho so trong nh
c at cho php c at sch hon v cc phn cong m t
d b} snaggng v tnh cua khch hng. Mt dy cur quang hoc m kha thc
cc tnh chat cua so h tro t uoc bn knh cong rat nh v
gm tn that un so v SMF, cng uoc g thu trong
Th} trung FTTH. Nhu mt so dy cong c th uoc ko d nheu n cheu d v
rt nhu mt trong nhng su dng v n tho, do cung cap nh hot v ng tn cy
ket n ga cc thet b} thng tn n c t nh hoac t van phng. Khc
ha hen cp quang ng cu vn t uoc ch ph thap v thn thn quang hoc
ket n trong mt ng nh hoac mt van phng cp quang ch s phn o poymer
(GI-POF), trong c mt n (0,5-1,0 mm), c th ch}u uoc mt cao hon
chuyn trong cc ket n cp.
Mt yeu t khc bo ch ph trong m trung FTTH nm trong nven-
th cua cc nguon pht sng c th, ac bt t cc trang web au n.
Cc thnh phn v ch ph p at ban u cao cng v ch ph hot ng
n quan en qun tr} v qun cua cc buc sng au n rng bt,
ph uoc khc phc tang s hap thu cua WDM-Pons. Mac d vn cn
o ga on nghn cu v mt v trung hop ngo cua vc trn kha trong cc thu nghm thc
}a, ch ph
cau hnh au n hu qu hn ang uoc tch cc nghn cu trn ton the g.
Cau hnh au n hu qu phn n c th uoc phn o thnh ba nhm.
Cc th o u tn cua ONs uoc go buc sng ONs c th nhu
thng tn phn ho phn b (DFB) v phn ph Bragg phn x (DBR) aser.
Nhng aser on mode ng cu vn thch hop nhu au n truyen do
t sn eu che trc tep tc cao cua ho. Tuy nhn, do nht
ture tr dt cua cc ta aser (v mt h s nht 0,1 nm/8C), hot ng
km sot nht v buc sng phn ho v gm st mch
cn thet m bo rng buc sng pht x uoc duy tr o }nh cua ho
buc sng, gp phn tu th n nang cao, kch thuc n, h thng
phc tp v ch ph du dng. Mt a chon hu qu DFB v DBR
aser be mat pht ra ta aser thng ng khoang (VCSEL) cho php trn wafer
90
thu nghm. Do cheu d khoang ngn cua thung 2-5 mm, VCSELs trn m-
tuyt v hnh v on mode v chm nh sng aser cua n trn ch khng ph
ep, cho php n hu qu vo mt so on mode. Kh kh uong
cc VCSEL nh, n cng th hn dng ngung thap trong phm v ph mA,
do tu th n nang rat thap. Tuy nhn, h s nht cua
VCSELs gng nhu cua DFB v DBRs, cn ph buc sng stab-
ha mch. Trong n quan, e n tm-kha cho VCSELs c
uoc e xuat sp xep buc sng pht x cua ho vo u n WDM trnh
km sot nht hot ng hoac theo d buc sng.
Th o th ha cua ONs v c th o c cc
tem nang cua vc trn kha rng r uoc bet en nhu ONs khng mu. O y,
mu hn e cp en mu sc cua buc sng. Cc buc sng pht x cua mt
ONs khng mu khng ac hu v c th uoc xc }nh bo cc yeu t bn ngo nhu
cc tnh chat oc cua AWG trong nt t xa hoac buc sng cua mt
tm / gng nh sng vo au n. Nhu vy, ONs gng ht nhau c th hng ot
sn xuat v trn kha trn mng. ONs khng mu c th uoc tep tc
cha thnh ba o. Trong mt th o, m ON ket hop rng
ban nhc nguon quang hoc nhu n LED, uoc eu che v cc d u nguon. Cc
ph bang thng rng sau th t quang ph t AWG trong nt t xa.
Tc eu che trong cau hnh au n khng mu da trn bang thng rng
nguon b} hn che do mt s nguon teng on vn c, c tc dng tang
nhu mt chc nang cua bang thng knh quang hoc hep hon v tang tc d u.
Ngo ra, su dng mt nh sng bn ngo quang ph ct bang thng rng quang tm
vo mt aser a nhu mt dode aser Fabry-Perot (FP-LD) c th dn en
kch thch ch c mt che n }nh cho eu che tc cao. Tuong t nhu vy,
tm mt nh sng gng bn ngo vo mt chat bn dn phn quang amp-
fer (RSOA) cho php cc the h cua mt tn s n }nh, cung thap, thap
ga on teng on nhung cng suat cao nguon quang. Cc buc sng pht x cua mt
tm kha FP-LD hoac mt RSOA buc sng ht gng s theo nhm ky cua ht gng
ng nh sng. Gn y, e n m o b s cn thet ph tp trung bang thng rng
nguon t van phng trung tm (CO) uoc e xuat trn co so t tm-kha
FP-LDS v RSOAs t geo ht. Thng thung, cc chuong trnh su dng mt quang
yeu t thng tn phn ho trong nt t xa phn nh mt phn cua quang ph thuong nguon
hoac t mt FP-LD hoac RSOA cho chnh n. Mt kh t tm-kha hoac
t ht gng uoc thnh p, cc FP-LD hoac RSOA c th uoc trc tep modu-
ated v d u nguon.
Cc th o cu cng cua ONs uoc bet en nhu ONs nguon mn ph. ac bt ny
th o, ONs khng cha nguon quang hoc, v nh sng quang hoc
cn thet truyen thuong nguon c nguon gc t Cng ty TNHH Cc thuong nguon
d u c th uoc eu che vo cc tu sn bay h uu v gu tro thuong nguon
cc e n cung cap CONG TY TNHH-t su dng thung p dng }nh dng eu che khc nhau cho
truyen h uu v thuong uu ngan chan du h uu
91
eu che trn cc d u thuong nguon. Gn y, phuong n au n nguon mn ph c
uoc e xuat da trn d u h uu uoc eu ben trn mt sng mang con
uoc b p t mt tu sn bay co so bang tn. Cc tu sn bay co so bang tn uoc su dng t ON
eu che cc d u thuong nguon. Th o ny cua ONs, cng v nhng ngu khc,
s uoc xem xt ch tet trong chuong ny. Chung, nhng ten b trong cc
khu vc n trn gp phn vo s hap thu nhanh chng v trn kha cc
n tch Pons, v tuong a chng mnh WDM-Pons sau ph hop trong gn
trong tuong a.
3.2 CONG NGHE OANG TREN
THU ONG NHA MAY NGOAI
3.2.1 Panar Lghtwave Crcut (PLC) da trn quang
n Sptter
Trong mt PON n tch, mt b cha quang n thet b} th ng trong
nh my bn ngo m th chat ket n v CO v mt so feeder. N cng
ket n v mt s ONs thng qua mt ot cc so phn ph. Trong nhng qu kh
nam, c thn ng k tn cy, ch ph cho m cng, chn mat mt, v
cha-t nonunformty, uoc chng mnh v sng nh sng phng
tch mch (PLC) da trn. Trung tm cua sptter mt chp PLC bao gom
cua ng dn sng quang hoc che to trn mt be mat phng, thung uoc m bng scon
hoac thch anh, to thnh mt thc cua Y-ch nhnh. Cho mt sptter 1AN, mt bn cua
Chp PLC uoc n ket en mt so trong kh pha dn n ket thnh mt mng
Nso, nhu th hn trong hnh. 3.1 1. S n tch fanouts trong mt
PON thung N16 N32, nhung v nhu cu ngy cng tang n en N
64, do m cho s n ket cua cc mng xo cho chp PLC hon
thch thc 2. So v-cn da trn ha chp sptter hop nhat, PLC
Mang 30
Ph&p VP
Hnh 3.1 Mt sptter PLC uoc sn xuat bng cch su dng ha mng xo v mt chp PLC tat c cc n ket
trong mt g. (T T u tham kho 1)
92
MDt chn (8H) tr=n -h4ang b/:c s;ng
((
(1
MDt chn (8H)
(0
19
18
1w
1\
15
1l
1(50
1k00
1k50
1l00 1l50 1500
H/:c s;ng (n+)
1550
1\00
Hnh 3.2 o chn mat mt sptter 1A32 PLC nhu mt hm cua buc sng,
hn thng nhat mat chn ( 1,25 dB ben th) v chn qu thap t hon ( 1,25 dB)
trn g tr} thuyet. (T T u tham kho 3)
cng ngh cho php cc thet b} chp kch thuc v tem nang cua vc tch hop nheu
chc nang, v d WDM couper, trn mt chp duy nhat. N cng cho php mt ong eu hon
mat trn mt phm v hot ng rng cua buc sng t 1250 nm en 1625 nm, v
hot ng cua mt ot cc nht t A40 8C 80 8C 1-6. Hnh 3.2
mnh hoa nhng tn that chn o t mu sptter 1A32 PLC da trn
uoc ph duyt bo AT & T Labs su dng trong cc thu nghm d n Lghtspeed FTTH, cho thay
mat ong nhat trn phm v buc sng rng 3.
Bn cnh tht h thng nhat, nhng mat mt chn cua b cha PLC da trn mt
tham s quan trong trong vc trn kha mng s nh huong en h thng
hu suat v tng ch ph cho m th. Mat chn thap PLC da trn
sptter s mo rng phm v v s uong khch hng c th uoc Accommo-
ngy trong cng mt PON, nang suat doanh thu cao hon cho m PON cho d}ch v
cc nh cung cap. Bn cnh s mat mt cha thuyet do s phn cha
quang n t cng u vo nhau thnh Nu ra cng, v uoc ua ra bo
cng thc:
Mat tch thuyet (dB) 10 og10 (1 N)
Mt sptter PLC da trn b} mat chn du tha t mng xo can chnh-
ment chp PLC, mng xo thng nhat do sn v cheu su INAC-
curaces trong v-rnh cua kh mng xo cha cc mng xo, tch
t ong eu gy ra bo s khng hon ho trong chp PLC do sn xuat,
93
Chp vn c tht h vt chat, v mat ket n. Cc khu vc mc tu cho c thn-
trn cua mat chn trong sptter PLC da trn m gm ket n
tht h, v c thn mng xo v cha t nonunformty 1. Cc
mat ket n c th uoc c thn t 0,5 dB en 0,15 dB qua su dng cao
ferrues chat uong v phuong php nh bng tuyt v. V nhng ten b manufac-
qu trnh Turng cua kh mng xo v chp PLC, tn that chn t
mng xo nonunformty v tch-t nonunformty c th uoc gm t
0,7 dB en 0,4 dB v 1,8 dB en 1,0 dB, tuong ng 2, 4. Go chung du tha
tn that chn sptter PLC da trn hn ang 1-1,5 dB so v tuong
mat tch thuyet v mt nonunformty trong vng 2 dB so v quy }nh
phm v hot ng cua cc buc sng t 1250 nm en 1625 nm.
3.2.2 dn trn Wavegude cch tu
3.2.2.1 G thu
Nhu tho un mt th gan ngn trong ph. 3.1, cng ngh WDM uoc co
mt trong nhng con ung nng cap duyn dng nhat vuot qu thm quyen tch Pons h tro
ngu su dng nheu hon v bang thng cao hon. nng cap trong cc nh my bn ngo, sc
mnh
sptter trong nt t xa cua mt PON n tch uoc thay the bng mt AWG.
Trong mt cau hnh 1AN, mt AWG phc v nhu mt b }nh tuyen buc sng hoac mt demut-
pexer v mt tn hu WDM tng hop ua ra vo cng u vo separ-
ated vo cc knh c nhn bo thet b} 7-10. Do c c , AWG
c th uoc su dng nhu mt b a theo hung nguoc bo cc tn hu nguoc dng trong mt
WDM-PON. AWGs da trn cng ngh sc-on-scon hu het cc com-
mony su dng gm tc tuyn truyen thap (<0,05 dB / cm) v chat xo cao cuc o chnh-
hu qu ng ( theo th t 0,1 dB). AWGs da trn InP
cng ngh bn dn uoc a chon kh dau chn nh v h nhp
v cc chc nang khc trn mt chp duy nhat uoc yu cu, nhung t cc ch ph tuong
cao buc sng nhu xuyn m en ke (v d: 4 knh AWG v mt dau chn cua
230 330 mm2 v A12 dB nhu xuyn m 11).
Cc so o b tr cua mt 1AN AWG uoc hn th} trong hnh. 3.3 7. Mn ph-
tuyn truyen khu vc hoac tam, hot ng nhu mt ng knh trong kh cc mng hot ng nhu mt
ng dn sng
u. S khc bt trong cheu d ga ha cnh tay ng dn sng n cn
khng . Cc chm tn hu WDM en, bao gom nheu knh
cc buc sng khc nhau t mt khong cch knh n tc, s tro thnh khc nhau trong
khu vc t do tuyn truyen u tn v s uoc hung dn vo m ng dn sng. Trong
m ng dn sng, tn hu WDM knh nghm mt s thay ga on khc nhau
v d khc nhau cua ng dn sng. Ket qu c uoc m
knh buc sng s uoc tp trung vo mt cng u ra c th sau kh tuyn truyen
thng qua cc khu vc t do tuyn truyen th ha, do to thnh mt demutpexer.
94
Mang ng 8n s;ng
(
jhG JUc tU 84 tGM=n trGMdn
SG JK4
ng 8n s;ng
1
k
"an 6/9ng
ng 8n s;ng
Hnh 3.3 So o mnh hoa dn trn ng dn sng u bao gom ha t do
tuyn truyen khu vc v mt mng ng dn sng. (T TK 7)
Tuy nhn, cc yu cu cua mt AWG uoc su dng trong mt PON khc cua mt
h thng WDM thng thung. Bn cnh mc nhu xuyn m rat thap ga ada-
knh xu cung cap cch y knh cao, mt AWG uoc at trong
uu t xa cua mt PON ph hon ton th ng gm ch ph, trn m
thap mat cho tm v mo rng, cung cap v hot ng ng tn cy v n }nh nhn vt
stcs trn mt phm v nht rng.
Mt tham s quan trong trong AWG phm v quang ph mn ph (FSR) m
xc }nh chu ky buc sng c }nh cheu rng 12. Ln uot, mt AWG vng
m trong buc sng xuat hn t mt cng u ra c th uoc at cch nhau bo mt
nguyn cua FSR 12. T sn theo chu ky ny cho php h uu v
buc sng nguoc dng uoc gn cho mt au n ac bt nhp v thot kh thng qua
cng cng AWG. T sn theo chu ky cng ng mt va tr quan trong trong mt Nan
AWG uoc su dng trong cc chuong trnh WDM-PON to eu kn ONs khng mu v
t su dng buc sng (Sect. 3.4 v Chap. 2, ph. 2.10), ngo WDM-PON
e n bo v (xem Chap. 6). Mt Nan AWG c Nu vo v Nket qu u ra,
v khc v cau hnh 1AN bng cch ket hop thm NA1
ng dn sng o u vo (Hnh 3.4). Cch thc m mt tn hu truyen qua
mt Nan AWG t m ng dn sng u vo gng v m t trong
truc on cho cc cau hnh 1AN. Hnh 3.5 mnh hoa chu ky
t sn cua mt Nan AWG v N5 12. Trong v d, tn hu trn nam khc nhau
buc sng s c trn m trong s nam cng u vo. Cc buc sng,
l1, 2, . . . l5, s c trn u vo Port 1 uoc phn ph ga cc cng u ra b, a,
e, d, c, tuong ng. Cc buc sng, l1, 2, . . . l5, neu s c trn u vo Port 2
tuy nhn s uoc chu ky un chuyn v phn ph ga cc cng u ra a, e, d, c,
ng 8n s;ng +ang
95
TD+ 1
TD+ tht (
1 ...
ch
1
.
.
.
.
.
ch
ng 8n s;ng SG JK4
ng 8n s;ng SG r%
Hnh 3.4 So o b tr cua Nan ng dn sng dn trn u router. (T T u tham kho 12)
3
I#Y b ]nh tGMFn
SG JK4 Fn cEng 1 ( k l 5
J:& 5
+t
b
c
8
e
(15lk
15lk(
5lk(1
lk(15
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1(kl5
1
(
k
l
5
Hnh 3.5 So o mnh hoa cua t sn theo chu ky cua mt ng dn sng b }nh tuyen u dn trn.
(T T u tham kho 12)
v b, tuong ng 12. T sn xng v tun hon cho php ong th
truyen dn tn hu trn Nbuc sng vo Ncng u vo khc nhau cua AWG,
v m cng u ra nhn uoc tn hu trn Nbuc sng khc nhau, mt t m
cng u vo. Khch sn ny cng cho php ong th mutpexng/demutpex-
ng cua buc sng mt cch khng chan, vc tm kem cc ng dng trong tn ch quang
th ghp knh quang hoc v ket n cho.
96
Ha chc nang AWG cau hnh uoc e xuat t uoc c ha
tch quang n v }nh tuyen buc sng 13, 14. Mt chc nang nhu vy s
cn thet WDM v n tch Pons uoc phu n trn cng mt
nh my so vt . Cc cau trc n ket ogc m-m trn mng WDM
uoc to eu kn thng qua chc nang }nh tuyen buc sng, trong kh m hop
cau trc n ket a m trn u n phn tch uoc t uu ha cho
pht sng d}ch v vdeo, uoc to eu kn thng qua chc nang n tch t
AWG. Trong 13, mt PLC da trn 14 knh tch quang / router trong mt s phn nh-
g cau hnh AWG nhu hnh. 3.6 uoc e xuat. Cho WDM
mng u v cc buc sng l1, 2, . . . lN, Mt s c tn hu trn AWG s n u tn
uoc nhu x vo sn, sau cha eu trong quang n vo m
ng dn sng. Tn hu trong m ng dn sng tr nghm mt s thay ga on khc nhau
v d ng dn sng khc nhau. O mat cu cua AWG, m tn hu
uoc phn nh bo mt b oc nheu p n m tro sn thng qua
ng dn sng. Nhu cc sng tn hu nghng do s khc bt ga con ung
cc ng dn sng dn trn, tn hu uoc tp trung t mt ng dn sng u ra khc nhau,
ty thuc vo buc sng cua n. Nguoc , cho che phu n tch u
cng vc, mt tn hu trn mt buc sng pht sng l0 v vc trn mt trong nhng AWG
ng dn sng t pha cc b oc n m nheu p ( mnh bch
l0). Cc tn hu vo sn thng qua cc ng dn sng u vo,
cha vo m u ra.
Hnh 3.7 cho thay cc php o thc nghm t mt AWG ha chc nang,
ket hop sc mnh tch chc nang 1A14 v mt b }nh tuyen buc sng 14 knh
H 6nc &Rn +.& nh&dG 6:p
Ten h&RG pht s;ng
0
Ten h&RG ch4
p4&nt7t47p4&nt
th.ng t&n
1( ...
ng 8n s;ng 8Kn trNn
gh= t%&
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SG JK4 ng 8n s;ng
ng 8n s;ng SG r%
01
0(
0
0
71
.
..
....
Th&Ft b] SG cG&
Hnh 3.6 So o mnh hoa kp chc nang phn cheu dn trn ng dn sng u. (T
T u tham kho 13)
0
1
8 9 2 3 4 5 6 710 11 12
1 3
97
1 4
18
MDt chn (8H)
1w
1\
15
1l
1k
(
l
0 1.k
TrGMdn (8H)
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
15l0
\8 10 1( 1l
PEng r%
1550
H/:c s;ng (n+)
15\0
(I)
(H)
Hnh 3.7 (A) mat Fber-to-xo chn 1A14 chc nang cha n (b) truyen
quang ph cua 14 knh chc nang buc sng router. (T T u tham kho 13)
chc nang. Buc sng pht sng l0 uoc phn b cho 1:3 mm trong kh WDM
buc sng l1, 2, . . . lNuoc phn b cho cc 01:55 mm ban nhc. Hnh 3.7 (a)
cc khon chn cua sptter cho thay mt ch 0,2 dB trn u ra
cng, trong kh hnh. 3.7 (b) cho thay quang ph truyen cua 14 knh
buc sng router v tn that chn khc nhau, t 5,2 dB en 8,5 dB v
khong cch knh ga 0,8 v 1,3 nm nm. Phu v cheu rng khng ong dng
nhu th hn trong hnh ch nht cua hnh. 3.6 uoc c thm vo gao dn ga
cc tam v ng dn sng m bo thng nhat tht h chn qua
ket qu u ra cho cc chc nang n tch, nhung t cc ch ph cua s khng ong dng
khong cch knh. Tuy nhn, c ten che to cc mat cu
cho b oc n m nheu p d ken s gm tn that chn pht snh
t tch v c ha buc sng chc nang }nh tuyen.
Mt chc nang kp AWG uoc e xuat trong 14 ket hop mt AWG
hot ng xung quanh ban nhc 01:55-mm v eu hnh b cha quang n
xung quanh ban nhc 01:31-mm. Thet b} ha chc nang uoc bet en nhu mt ha-Pons-trong-
(2P1) thet b} uoc hnh thnh trn mt con chp nguyn kh duy nhat. Hnh 3.8 cho thay sche-
so o matc cua mt thet b} 1A8 2P1 no m c ha WDM v n tch
tn hu u vo thng qua cc so u vo tuong t. Mt u vo th WDM couper
(CWDM-1) uoc su dng tch ha o tn hu. Cc th WDM
couper c ha cng ket qu u ra v cc ban nhc vuot qua tm t 01:55 mm v
01:31 mm, v cc tn hu u ra ang hung en mt AWG 1A8 v 1A8 mt sc mnh
Sptter, tuong ng. Mt couper th ha, CWDM-R, uoc su dng cung cap thm
c p cua cc tn hu 1:31 mm t cc tn hu 01:55-mm. T u ra cua cc 2P1
thet b}, mt WDM th ghp cu cng, CWDM-2, ket hop m demutpexed
98
$#$M
P#$M7(
P#$M71
P#$M7_
"
Hnh 3.8 So o mnh hoa 1A8 (2P1) thet b} ha-Pons-trong-mt. Cho r rng, cc
quy m theo cheu doc uoc mo rng bng bn n. (T T u tham kho 14)
tn hu t AWG v sn uong cua sptter n. Hnh 3.9 cho thay
ph t cc cng u ra cua thet b} 1A8 2P1 o xung quanh
01:03-mm waveband (Hnh 3.9 (a)) v 1:55 mm waveband (Hnh 3.9 (b)). Cho
buc sng trong khong t 1:26 mm 01:36 mm, nhng mat mt chn trung bnh
12 dB v mt ben th 2 dB xung quanh g tr} o t 01:30 mm. Xuyn
ph nhm v o trong cua s 1,55 m cho ha dy quang ph mn ph
0
1(k
TrGMdn (8H)
1 0
l 5 \ w 8 ( k l 5 \ w81
2 0
3 0
1(00
1(50
1k00
1k50
1l00 15(0
H/:c s;ng (n+)
15l0
15\0
(I)
(H)
Hnh 3.9 Ph t cc cng u ra cua mt 1A8 2P1 thet b} o khong (a) 1:03-mm
waveband v (b) 01:55-mm waveband. (T T u tham kho 14)
99
v khong cch 3,23 nm (400 GH) knh, v nhng tn that chn t 4 dB en
6 dB. Tn that chn du tha trong sptter quang n v AWG d ken
uoc gm thm v t uu ha thet ke 14.
3.2.2.2 Atherma dn trn Wavegude Sn u
Hn AWGs km sot nht yu cu cung cap n n tc cho
cc yeu t nht n }nh, do m cho chng khng thch hop su dng trong bn ngo
m trung nh my so th ng. Theo truyen thng, cc yeu t nht n }nh
bao gom mt nht n v mch eu khn uoc ket hop trong AWG
ng g nhu ng dn sng sca cc ky nhy cm v m trung xung quanh tnh-
th . Cc buc sng trung tm cua AWGs sca thng thung thay theo nhu
nheu nhu 0.0125 nm/8C. S thay buc sng ny do nht
thay ch s fractve v gn no nht cua cheu d ung quang hoc trong sca.
v hot ng th ng trong cc nh my bn ngo, AWG ph th hn tt nht
ture n }nh m khng h s cn thet ph gm st v km sot nht .
AWGs sca nht khng nhy cm hoac atherma uoc exten-
svey nghn cu. Cc cuc eu tra sm nhat t uoc hot ng trong mt atherma
AWG uoc da trn t u hung dn su dng m trn m m nht
h s ph thuc nht v dn v sca 15-17 quang. Trong 16,
mt rnh hnh tam gc uoc hnh thnh trong mng ng dn sng v y mt o nha scone
v tu cc h s nht quang uoc thc hn b p cho
nht ph thuc vo s khc bt quang trong sca dn trn sng
hung dn. Cau trc AWG e xuat uoc hn th} trong hnh. 3.10. Cc poyamde nua
wavepate p vo ng dn sng dn trn uoc thnh p o b
ph thuc phn cc 18. Hnh 3.11 so snh nht ph thuc vo
ph truyen qua cua cc buc sng trung tm, Channe 4, trong nht
phm v chat cua 0-85 8C ga mt sca thng thung 1A8 AWG v 200 -
Khong cch knh GH (Hnh 3.11 (a)) v mt atherma 1A8 AWG v 200 GH
khong cch knh (Hnh 3.11 (b)). Sau ny cho thay nht t thu ph thuc-
nghm. Mc nhu xuyn m o uoc A29 dB v tn that chn
t 3,9 dB en 4,2 dB, ty thuc vo cc cng ra. Hnh 3.12 cho thay
nht ph thuc vo buc sng thay cua Channe 4 trong phm v nht
0-85 8C, v ket qu khng }nh gm buc sng thay t 0,95 nm
su dng cau trc AWG thng thung en 0,05 nm bng cch su dng atherma e xuat
Cau trc AWG.
Mt c ten hon cau trc trong 16 uoc e xuat trong 17 gm
tn that vuot qu ($ 2 dB) gy ra bo cc ung rnh hnh tam gc trong ng dn sng dn trn. N
ch ra rng s mat mt vuot qu tang bnh phuong v cheu rng cua
rnh. Bng cch thay the cc ung rnh hnh tam gc v nheu rnh nh
cheu rng (xem hnh. 3.13), gm tn that vuot qu t 2 dB en 0,4 dB
100
"&6&c4ne r@nh
ng 8n s;ng 8Kn trNn
"Kn
"9& SG JK4
ng 8n s;ng
"Kn
"9& SG r%
ng 8n s;ng SG r%
Hnh 3.10 So o atherma AWG v scone nha y rnh tam gc.
(Trch t T u tham kho 15)
0
TrGMdn (8H)
TrGMdn (8H)
0
0
(5
50
w0
85
P
P
P
P
P
0 P
85 P
1 0
2 0
3 0
1 0
2 0
3 0
0
(5
50
w0
85
P
P
P
P
P
4 0
15l\ 15l8 1550 155( 155l 155\ 1558
H/:c s;ng (n+)
4 0
15l\ 15l8 1550 155( 155l 155\ 1558
H/:c s;ng (n+)
(I)
(H)
Hnh 3.11 Nht ph thuc vo ph truyen qua cua Channe 4 trn nht
khong 0-85 8C (a) thng thung sca AWG v (b) AWG atherma v scon
nha cha y rnh tam gc. (T T u tham kho 16)
t uoc trong kh g tn that thap ($ 3,5 dB), nhu xuyn m thap (<A30 dB), v
n }nh nht cao hon (0,02 $ nm t 0 8C 85 8C! 17.
gm ch ph ngo nhng n quan en vc o b cc
km sot nht v nguon n, chat v kch thuc cua AWG
chp ph uoc ua vo t khon. Cho mt wafer kch thuc c }nh, mt dau chn nh hon
s m gm ch ph sn xuat, thu nghm, v ng g chung cho m con chp 19.
155k,l
155k,(
H/:c s;ng (n+)
155k,0
155(,8
155(,\
155(,l
155(,(
0
(0
Ither+%6 I#Y
l0\0
)h&Rt (P)
80
100
Th.ng th/^ng I#Y
101
Hnh 3.12 Nht ph thuc vo buc sng thay cua Channe 4 trong phm v nht
0-85 8C. (T T u tham kho 16)
Th&Ft -F tr/:c ; (r@nh t%+ g&c)
8
Th&Ft -F +:&
z
$Kn trNn
ng 8n s;ng
(I)
(H)
Hnh 3.13 Gm tn that vuot qu bng cch thay the rnh tam gc rng n hon v mt s
rnh cua rng nh hon. (T T u tham kho 17)
Mt cch tep cn gm kch thuc chp tang s khc bt ch s tuong D
ga v p phu. Cho AWGs km sot nht , mt phn mu
gm kch thuc chp t uoc su dng 2:05-D ng dn sng, so v
thung 0:08-D 20. Tuy nhn, cao-D ng dn sng trong AWGs atherma s
ket qu trong tang tn that nhu x t cc chen ho do s gm kch thuc m.
Trong 1:05-D ng dn sng atherma AWG, mt rnh thap mat sua v mng
cau trc uoc e xuat gm tn that nhu x bn t 1,9 dB en
102
0,4 dB 21. S ket hop cua mt ng dn sng rng hon-dn trn, khng ong eu cha
khong cch rnh v ng dn sng tep gp v cc ung rnh, th hn bng so o o
V. 3.14, ket qu m tang kch thuc m bn n uot m gm sc mnh
r r o cc rnh do gc nhu x nh hon. Trong mt 1:05-D
cau hnh atherma AWG th hn bng so o trong hnh. 3.15, nha scon
ho en uoc ua vo trong khu vc sn gm nhu x bn
mat ($ 0,7 dB) 20.
Vc gm tn that nhu x theo hung thng ng cng rat quan trong,
ac bt cho cao-D AWGs atherma. Mt cau hnh bao gom kch thuc m
chuyn da trn mt phn on ket hop v scone nha y
ng 8n s;ng 8Kn trNn -h.ng ng dG ch&% r@nh
hSn ng 8n s;ng g%pz&th ch&dG rng +C rng
ng 8n s;ng 8Kn trNn
I#Y
Hnh 3.14 So o ben thap mat rnh v mng cau trc cho mt 1,5-D
atherma AWG. (T T u tham kho 21)
Mang ng 8n s;ng
)hU% cht% SM
hK4
TD+ tht (
TD+ 1
TEng
g;c +C q
SG JK4 ng 8n s;ng
ng 8n s;ng SG r%
Hnh 3.15 So o chen ho nha cha y scon trong khu vc sn 1,5-D
atherma AWG. (T T u tham kho 20)
103
chen ho trong khu vc sn uoc e xuat trong 19 (xem hnh. 3.16) gm
mat nhu x trong c ha hung ngang v doc trong mt atherma 2:05-D
AWG. Mt mat mt nhu x cua 0,9 dB t uoc nhu tr nguoc v 2,4 dB su dng
thung xuyn 02:05-D cau trc atherma AWG.
Mt nhuoc m nh ve k thut nu trn cho atherma AWG
hot ng cn thet hon na chn mt poyamde nua wavepate trong sng
hung dn o b mng phn cc ph thuc 18. Mt cch tep cn achev-
ng nht ong th v s phn cc v cm trong
ng dn sng qu trnh hnh thnh to thnh mt overcaddng poymer v tu cc
h s nht quang trn mt scon v undercaddng 22. Ong dn sng
cau trc uoc th hn trong hnh. 3.17 (a). Trong thet ke ny, kch thuc cua hnh ch nht
6 6mm v thuong m c san fuoracryate o poymer uoc su dng
hnh thnh overcaddng poymer cua mt 1A16 AWG v khong cch knh
100 GH. S phn cc ph thuc vo o buc sng thay cho knh
9 (buc sng trung tm) uoc th hn trong hnh. 3.17 (b). Mt so snh v mt AWG
v mt overcaddng sca cho thay overcaddng poymer gm thu cc
buc sng thay en 0,05 nm. S thay buc sng c th uoc gm thu hon na v
t uu ha dy p phu. Trong phm v nht cua 26 $ 100 8C,
s thay buc sng trung tm cua 0,98 nm trong sca overcaddng thng thung
AWG uoc gm thu en 0,21 nm cua overcaddng poymer, ong v
ket qu m phng hnh. 3.17 (c). Tuy nhn, o tn that chn
uoc 6 $ 7 dB ty thuc vo knh u ra v mc nhu xuyn m A25 dB,
do s bat ton cua qu trnh che to 22.
Mt s thay the t uoc nht ong th v s phn cc trong
nhy cm trong qu trnh hnh thnh ng dn sng su dng vt u poymer trong
c ha cau trc ng dn sng cng nhu cc be mat 23. Trong 23, poymer
vt u ng dn sng uoc su dng fuoracryate o poyme no ng tu n cua n
chnh k}p th h s nht quang tnh en h s tch cc n
ng 8n s;ng sKn
Mang ng 8n s;ng
)hU% cht% SM
hK4
&A+ -ech th/:c
chGMAn E&
$KM
trGng t>+
ng 8n s;ng SG r%
SG JK4 ng 8n s;ng
Hnh 3.16 So o chen ho nha cha y scon v b chuyn kch thuc m da
trn phn on trong khu vc sn 2,5-D atherma AWG. (T T u tham kho 19)
104
0
46M+er
TrGMdn (8H)
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
1551
"&W(
"&W(
"& "Gbstr%te
"&6&c% T TE
"&6&c% T TM
46M+er T TE
46M+er T TM
155(155k155l
H/:c s;ng (n+)
1555
(I)
"U th%M E& b/:c s;ng (n+)
1.(
1.0
0.8
0.\
0.l
0.(
0.0
0 . 2
0 . 4
4 6/^ng s&6&c%
4 6/^ng p46M+er
M. phfng p46M+er
(H)
(0 k0 l0 50 \0 w0 80 90 100 110
)h&Rt (P)
(P)
Hnh 3.17 (A) xem ct ngang cua sca / poymer a ng dn sng, (b) so snh
o TE / TM phn cc thay cua buc sng trung tm, Channe 9, v poymer v
sca overcaddng (c) o nht ph thuc vo buc sng thay cua Channe 9 v
poymer v sca ton cho. (Trch t T u tham kho 22)
gn no nht cua chat nen poymer. Hnh 3.18 (a-c) cho thay Meas-
ph ured, s phn cc thay TE / TM, v ph thuc nht
ph truyen qua cua Channe 4 tuong ng, mt tat c-poymer 8A8 AWG
v khong cch knh GH 200. Mc nhu xuyn m o uoc du y A30 dB
nhung v nhng mat mt chn t 5,8 dB en 7,5 dB ty thuc vo cng knh,
m chu yeu do s mat mt quang cao 0,8 dB / cm cua poymer
ng dn sng. S thay phn cc o uoc nh hon 0,02 nm trong kh
buc sng thay ph thuc nht +0,05 nm trn ton b
phm v nht 25-65 8C.
Ngo vc su dng cc vt u c h s nht m c oppos-
ITE cua mng sca ng dn sng, mt cch tep cn hon ton khc nhau
ket hop mt tam bo thung co hoc d chuyn trong co cau AWG
(Hnh 3.19). Trong 24, mt mch cua AWG uoc ct t mt trong cc ng dn sng sn vo
0
1 0
4p (8H+)
2 0
3 0
4 0
15l8
155( 155\ 15\0 1551 155( 155k 155l 15l\
( ) ( )
1550 155l
( )
105
1558
(I)
(H)
(P)
Hnh 3.18 Tat c cc-poymer 8A8 AWG v khong cch knh GH 200: (a) ph o (b)
o TE / TM phn cc thay cua Channe 4 (c) o nht ph thuc vo xuyn
ph Nhm v cua Channe 4 cho phm v nht 25-65 8C. (Trch t T u tham kho 23)
"9& SG JK4
_33
$SG ph~ h9p
"9& SG r%
Y;&
H& th/^ng
&%
Hnh 3.19 So o cua mt AWG atherma v nht tam en b.
(T T u tham kho 24)
ha phn sau uoc n v nhau bng mt tam en b. Cc en b
tam uoc m t mt km o nht hop ong v mo rng v
nht , do b p tr dt trung tm buc sng cua sca
AWG bng cch d chuyn mt phn cua ng dn sng sn. G AWG y
ch s du ph hop gm thu tn that o sn ng dn sng tch ra. got-
e kch thuc cua chp m ph thuc vo cheu d cua en b
tam, mt km o nhu nhm v h s gn no nht n
chon. Hnh 3.20 cho thay quang ph quang hoc cua mt knh 200 GH khong cch 1A16
atherma AWG da trn tam en b. 1,2 $ 1,4 dB, o
106
0
5
TrGMdn (8H)
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
3 5
4 0
4 5
5 0
15(\
15k1
15k5
15l115l\
H/:c s;ng (n+)
1551
1555
15\1
Hnh 3.20 Ouang ph cua AWG atherma v tam nht en b hn
trong hnh. 3.19. (T T u tham kho 24)
mat chn t hon ng k hon so v AWGs atherma da trn tu cc
vt u h s nht. Hon na, nhu xuyn m o uoc t
hon A30 dB v tr dt buc sng o uoc t hon
+0.015 nm cho tat c cc knh t A5 8C 70 8C.
Trong mt cau trc tuong t nhu th hn trong hnh. 3.21, mt thanh km o, uoc gn vo
so u vo, hop ong v mo rng v nht n }nh buc sng 25.
A 32 knh 100 GH atherma AWG da trn cau trc ny uoc chng mnh
c tn that thap (5 $ 5,3 dB) v mc nhu xuyn m tuong thap (A26.8 dB en A28 dB)
Ph&p I#Y
"Kn
ng 8n s;ng
"9&
g&B
H& th/^ng
r4&
Ph&p
"?% chB%
bK&
Hnh 3.21 So o cua mt chp AWG atherma v nht en b
thanh. (T T u tham kho 25)
107
trong L-, C-, S-, E-bang. Hnh 3.22 (a) cho thay quang ph quang hoc trong
C v L-ban nhc cua AWG atherma v thanh b nht .
Hnh 3.22 (b) cho thay nht ph thuc vo buc sng thay cua bn knh
trong bang tn C trong phm v nht t A30 8C 70 8C. Nhng ket qu ny
cho thay mt s thay buc sng t a khng qu 0.034 nm v mt y an du
0.008 nm qua cc knh c nhn.
Trong mt cch tep cn nht bo thung su dng ng co kh
cc b phn, mt tam ung km uoc gn vo mt AWG thng thung to ra nht
cang thng ph thuc vo ng dn sng 26. Hnh 3.23 cho thay so o mch
mnh hoa mt no x-hung cang thng ex uoc p dng bo cc tam ung km cho
p ng dn sng t mt bn knh un c th Rcua p ng dn sng en
tam ung km. S cang thng nht ph thuc vo ket qu trn ng dn sng
p gy ra mt s thay trong sn u, qua b p cho nhng sng
cheu d thay do s thay nht ch s khc x. Bng cch cn thn a chon
dy, cheu rng v chat u cua tam ung km, s ph thuc nht
0
TrGMdn (8H)
P7b%n8
V7b%n8
2 0
4 0
6 0
15l0
15\0
1580
1\00
(I)
l0
H/:c s;ng (ch&dG)
H/:c s;ng (n+)
(0
PEng 1
PEng 9
PEng 1w
PEng (5
)h&dG. ph~ h9p J:&
0
4 0
2 0
0(.0l0
)h&Rt (P)
\0
(H)
Hnh 3.22 (A) ph quang trong C v L-ban nhc cua atherma AWG su dng nht
thanh bo thung, (b) nht ph thuc vo buc sng thay cua bn knh trong bang tn C
t A30 8C 70 8C. (Trch t TK 25)
108
MLch I#Y
V:p ng 8n s;ng
"&6&c4n chDt ndn
TD+ 6/ng -&+
Hnh 3.23 So o cua AWG v tam ung km. (T T u tham kho 26)
cua buc sng trung uong c th uoc thc hn bng khng. Trong 26, s ph thuc nht cua
che TM v TE cua buc sng trung tm cua mt phn cc ph thuc AWG
v mt tam ung km gn uoc o v uoc th hn trong hnh. 3.24. V
tam ung km, cc che TM v TE c mt s ph thuc nht trung bnh
t hon 0.001 nm/8C v 0.004 nm/8C, so v 0.013 nm/8C cho con-
ventona AWG. Mt tc dng ph do cc tp tn nh km cua tam ung km cho
chat nen scon cua AWG s d}ch chuyn buc sng trung tm do ban u
cang thng, m cn ph uoc hch ton trong mt b tr AWG.
AWGs Atherma n en 40 knh 27-30 v knh GH 100/200
, khong cch by g thuong m c san 27-31 v nhu xuyn m thc hn tt-
hm (<30 dB), thap phn cc ph thuc vo s mat mt (<0,4 dB 27), chn thap
mat (<2,0 dB cho o Gaussan d thng, %4.5 dB cho o bn can h d thng
28), v n }nh nht tt trn mt phm v hot ng rng (<0,02 nm
t 0 8C 60 8C 27).
3.3 PON TECHNOLOGIES CHO NHA
LP AT
3.3.1 Dng h v ket n trong nh
Trong mt m trung FTTH, cc ket n cp quang ga cc th ngo tr
chat xo v chat xo trong nh thung uoc thc hn thng qua phn ng tng hop hoac ch n co kh.
Cho
n co kh, my hn v o c uoc su dng sp xep v ket n
PON Cng ngh p at trong nh
155l,\
109
155l,l
H/:c s;ng trGng t>+ (n+)
155l,(
155l,0
155k,8
155k,\
(0
k0
l0
\050
)h&Rt (P)
w0
80
PhF TM, J:& tD+ 6/ng -&+
PhF TE, J:& tD+ 6/ng -&+
PhF TM, +K -h.ng c; tD+ 6/ng -&+
PhF TE, +K -h.ng c; tD+ 6/ng -&+
Hnh 3.24 Buc sng trung tm cua AWG hm cua nht . (T T u tham kho 26)
so quang hoc, v cc vt u nhu chat ket dnh trong sut (nha epoxy) v
ge ch s ph hop, cung cap ch s ket hop ga cc so ket n.
Tuy nhn, n co kh khng to eu kn d dng ngt ket n v
ket n , do m cho pht hn so v c p ga
so ngo tr v trong nh kh khan. Mt ket n casp bn ngo bao gom mt
p rp nh vc (FA) ket n cm v ket n mt cm FA uoc e xuat trong
32 bo NTT Tng cng ty, trong ket n v ngt ket n c th d dng
t uoc. Hnh 3.25 (a) cho thay cau trc cua mt ket n phch cm v cm FA,
bao gom ferrues n, kha chat xo, v cc b phn casp. Ch c 25 mm cua
u hng u cua cc so ngo tr v trong nh cn ph uoc ua vo c
cm v cm uoc kha t ch. Ket n cm FA cng
tuong thch v ket n SC. V} tr cua cc ket n trong quang hoc
n t cc co so cua khch hng uoc th hn trong hnh. 3.25 (b), no ket n
ga cc so ngo tr v trong nh khng cn yu cu su dng chuyn ngnh
thet b} n co kh hoac nht hch.
110
!I -Ft n& c5+
P%p
FG t nh.+
hSn c6%sp
jh;% c6%sp 4Ln
!I -Ft n& E c5+
P%p
hSn c6%sp
jhe c5+ chn s9&
Pnh t%M bG%M
"9& n& b
jFt n& verrG6e tr4ng +t s9&
(I)
Pp bG%ng tr4ng nhK
!I -Ft n& c5+
!I -Ft n& E c5+
(H)
Tha cp bG%ng
Hnh 3.25 Lp rp nh vc (FA) ket n: (a) cau trc cua phch cm v cm (b) trong quang hoc
n t co so cua khch hng. (T Refs 32 v 33)
Ket qu t mat ket n v thu nghm mat mt tro , m bng xep hng cc nh phn ph
ton cua s mat mt trong tng trung hop uoc th hn trong hnh. 3.26 (a) v (b) tuong ng. Cc
Mc ch c thap mt mat ket n nhat c th, v nhu cao mt mat mt tro nhu
c th gm thu quang n phn nh t u n. Trong ket n
thu nghm ap ap mat 500 n su dng u n phch cm v cm FA, trung bnh
mat 0,26 dB uoc o. S mat mt t a 0.69 dB, p ng
ac m k thut cua 0,7 dB hoac thap hon cho 1:3 mm truyen. Trong cc thu nghm mat mt tro
thc hn trn 250 php o, tat c cc tn that tro uoc xc }nh nheu hon
cc quy }nh 40 dB, v mc trung bnh 48,8 dB. Mt SC un cong cun tu thuyet
ket n hnh. 3.27 cng uoc pht trn bo NTT s uoc su dng trong nh,
v ket qu tt trong vc gm m n, ap ap un, v km tra chu ky nht 33. Cua n
xy dng cho php ket n c th d chuyn ga 0 v 90
bng cap cho cc cm n, cho php tang kh nang ch}u xu cua khch hng,
kh nang m quang h thng dy n, an ton, v mt ngo hnh ep.
Trong vc gm tn that tro cn thet trong cc mng vn chuyn
d}ch v vdeo tuong t, tep xc vt gc cnh (APC) ket n uoc
thung dnh rng cho mng vn thng ung d hn ang uoc
Th? ngh&R+ +Dt -Ft n&
(00
500
IJ. 0,(\ 8H
T& %. 0,\9 8H
M&n. 0.05 8H
T&=G chGon. 0.1k 8H
111
150
TSn s
100
50
0
0.0
0.1
0.(
0.k
0.l
0.5
0.\
0.w
0.8 0.9 1.0
(I)
V` -Ft n& (8H)
TrC 6L& th? ngh&R+ +Dt
100
80
TSn s
\0
l0
(0
0
k8 l0 l( ll l\ l8 50 5( 5l 5\ 58 \0 \( \l \\ \8
(50
IJ. l8,8 8H
T&=G chGon. l.10 8H
T& %. \\,9 8H
M&n. l0,1 8H
(H)
TrC 6L& +Dt (8H)
Hnh 3.26 (A) thu nghm mat ket n v (b) thu nghm mat mt tro . (T T u tham kho 32)
jFt n& Gn c4ng
$& ng
(0790 )
In t4Kn h0n, nhf gnn h0n
Tt h0n tr4ng 3GDt h&Rn
Hnh 3.27 N SC un cong. (T T u tham kho 33)
112
xem xt cho mng truy cp v p phu vdeo (xem Chap. 2) 34, 35.
S mat mt tro cua APC c th tep cn 65 dB. Trong kh tep xc vt chung
(PC) ket n c mt khun mat so phng ket thc, mt APC uoc thet ke c mt ket thc so
ph mat o mt gc tu chun cua 8 nhu hnh. 3.28, do bat ky
nh sng phn x uoc }nh hung vo p v so. Vc su dng ket n APC
v mat mt tro rat thap mt o the trong m uoc trn kha Pons, no khng ph tat c
cua cc so phn ph uoc ket n v ONs. Mt my tnh khc s chua cham dt
ket n s cho ket qu trong Fresne phn x cao nhu A14 dB, h mt
termnator thch hop cho m ket n khng su dng 34.
3.3.2 so cho p at trong nh
3.3.2.1 so Bend-Insenstve Snge Mode quang
Cp so quang v un tn that thap hon so quang hoc thng thung
uoc nh g cao ph hop p at cp trong nh do tang mat mt un
khoan dung. Thng thung cp quang che on tu chun h mt un
bn knh t nhat 30 mm trong kh c at p ng cc ac m k thut tu chun cua
du 0,25 dB/10 ben. Trong 32, mt so sca un cong nhy cm
pht trn, no nghn cu cho thay vc p dng sm v trn kha cc
so cong ch}u c th t uoc mc ch ph tuong t nhu cp quang hn c.
Hnh 3.28 Xem mat ct ngang cua gc tep xc vt (APC) ket n. 8
so cu mat hung nh sng phn cheu vo tam p. (T T u tham kho 34)
113
M& bG%n hR g&B% Gn c4ng bn -enh (++) JK
tEn thDt trGng bunh (10 6/9t 1,55 ) ($H)
10.00
Un c4ng +Dt (8H)
1.00
0.10
0.01
0.00
10
15
Un c4ng bn -enh (++)
PUc t&AG
(0
(5
M%3&+%
( 50)
0,(5 8H
k0 ++
(Z&Rn tL&)
15 ++
Pa& th&Rn hunh cp
(I)
(H)
Hnh 3.29 (A) ac m o Bend mat so khng un cong (b) so snh thng thung
cp quang v bn knh un t thu 30 mm v un cong ch}u un v t thu
bn knh 15 mm. (T T u tham kho 32)
Cc chat xo cng tuong thch nguoc v so on mode hn
(SMFs). Hnh 3.29 (a) bng xep hng mat un trung bnh trong dB o 10
ben nhu mt chc nang cua bn knh un cong. Theo d ken, nh hon bn knh un cong
cao hon s mat mt un. Nhu tho un truc , bn knh un 30 mm
hoac nheu hon cn thet t uoc s mat mt un cong tu chun 0,25 dB/10 ben cho
cp tu chun thng thung, nhung cc so un cong khng nhy cm uoc th hn trn m
c thn cc ac tnh un cong p ng cc thng s k thut c bn knh un
ch 15 mm. Hnh 3.29 (b) so snh chat xo tu chun v un cong
so nhy cm v sau ny cho thay mt c at sch hon v cc phn cong
m t b} snaggng v tnh cua khch hng 32.
So quang un cong nhy cm by g thuong m ac bt cho
p at FTTH trong nh. V d, so un cong nhy cm sn xuat
bo StockerYae, Inc mt SMF v khu va ph cao hon s
hon thng thung SMF t uoc mt bn knh un cong cho php cua 10 mm
o cc buc sng c th cua 1550 nm, 1310 nm, 780 nm v 36. n cong-
khng nhy cm SMF, PureAccess-tra, sn xuat bo Summoto n c
Bn knh un cho php cua 7 mm. Mt tnh nang b sung chat xo ny n
cng mt so nuc thap cao m cung cap n }nh s suy gm xuat sc trn 1310 -
1626 nm. Su dng hydro o ha, s hap th nuc cao m vo khong 1383 nm
gm ng k, nhu th hn trong hnh. 3.30 (a), m bu th} s suy gm
tnh chat cua so trn phm v buc sng t 1225 nm en
1675 nm 37. Hnh 3.30 (b) so snh ph thuc buc sng un
tht h 7,5 mm bn knh ga SMF thng thung, PureAccess-tra, v n
ngu ten nhm PureAccess (cho php un mat 15 mm) so, v
PureAccess-tra cho thay s ph thuc nhat 37.
114
0.8
W7b%n8
0.w
"GM g&a+ (8H T -+)
0.\
0.5
0.l
0.k
0.(
1k10
0.1
1(\0
1(00
1k00
E7b%n8
P7b%n8
"7b%n8
U7b%n8
V7b%n8
{nh thDp n/:c JK Gn c4ng nhLM ca+
GreIccess7U6tr%
1k8k
1l00
1500
1\(5
1\00
1\50
1w00
(I)
k.0
w.57++ bn -enh
(.5
Un +Dt (8H T 6/9t)
(.0
1.5
H/:c s;ng (n+)
PhDt 30 "M th.ng th/^ng
(Y.\5()
GreIccess
1.0
0.5
0.0
1(00
1k00
1l00
1500
1,5501,\50
1,\001,w00
GreIccess7U6tr%
(H)
H/:c s;ng (n+)
Hnh 3.30 (A) suy gm ph tu bu cua PureAccess-tra, (b) un tnh mat mt nhu
mt hm cua buc sng. (T T u tham kho 37)
3.3.2.2 Hoe-Asssted Fber-Da quang Cur dy
Mt o chat xo trong nh uoc pht trn ac bt cho FTTH
su dng dy quang hoc cur 33, 37-40, uoc th hn trong hnh. 3.31. Dy
c th uoc ko d nheu n cheu d v rt nhu mt so dy n tho
khng nh huong en tnh chat quang hoc 39. eu ny cho php nh hot v ng tn cy
hSn c4ng
(Ph&dG 8K& 1007500 ++, /^ng -enh 107(0 ++ cGr6)
115
MU -Ft n&
Hnh 3.31 So o dy cur quang. (T T u tham kho 39)
ket n ga cc thet b} thng tn n c v cc mng cc b quang t
van phng v nh. Hnh 3.32 cho thay ket n cua mt thet b} u cu my tnh xch tay v mt
cua hng quang hoc trong cc bc tung bng cch su dng dy cur quang hoc 39. Dy cur quang
kha thc cc tnh chat cua so h tro t uoc un rat nh
bn knh v gm un tht h, so v thng thung SMF.
So h tro c mt ot cc khng kh uoc b tr xung quanh mt sca
thuy tnh. Cc khng kh trong p v, m chy xung ton b cheu d cua
chat xo, hn che nh vc phn ph , do c che ng k
un mat. Mt v d ve co cau mat ct cua so h tro
hnh. 3.33 (a), no m cc tham s c khong cch ga trung tm
"9& bG%ng 8>M cGr6
P?% hKng bG%ng hnc
Th&Ft b] SG cG&
Hnh 3.32 Ket n cua thet b} u cu my tnh xch tay vo cm quang trong tung, dng dy cur quang.
(T T u tham kho 39)
116
8
V.
TrGng t>+
+t
c
" +L
TD+ p
" ph 6`
" 6`
(I)
trGng t>+
+L
+t
evv7+L
6.
c
(ngKM
(H)
Hnh 3.33 Mat ct ngang v ho so chet suat cua so h tro. (T T u tham kho 38)
cua v trn, mt bn knh , v d bn knh
38. Khu vc ton cho v nheu trong ch s khc x khng ph
trn xng, tuong uong v mt vng trn m v xng
phn ph ch s khc x, nhu th hn trong hnh. 3.33 (b). Ket qu khc x
ho so ch s cua mt so h tro nhu vy c cau trc hnh ch W.
S mat mt un cua so h tro t mt bn knh c }nh un gm
v s sp xep (c / a) v ch s khc x, N, nhu tm tt
bo ket qu trong hnh. 3.34 (a) 38. Cc php o uoc thu uoc bng cch su dng mt
chat xo h tro uoc che to bng cch v mt truyen thng thc hn 1:3-mm
khng phn tn SMF (39 ct v ch s khc x ton cho s khc bt) v
khoan chnh xc trong cc tam p. So h tro uoc ua vo mt
un bn knh 10 mm o buc sng 1550 nm. S mat mt un
cao nhat kh N Nphu, m cn dn cho trung hop cua mt truyen thng
SMF. Do , chat xo h tro thap hon un mat mt so v
SMF. Mat un cong t thu uoc o kh cc trng (tc khng kh,
N 1). Hnh 3.34 (b) so snh tht h un cua so h tro
v thng thung SMF nhu mt hm cua buc sng. T mt bn knh un cong cua
10 mm, tang khng ng k trong un mat uoc quan st v
chat xo h tro.
N cng uoc tm thay rng s sp xep (c / a) nh huong en s mat mt n m
chu yeu uoc quy cho cc ung knh nh vc che (MFD) khng ph hop
10
Un +Dt (8H T +)
1
10 1
10 2
10 3
10 4
10 5
1
6.
6.
6.
117
+L ("M!)
6.
1.l
1.k
1
(
0,l %
1550 n+
Hn -enh Gn, 10 ++
k
T
l
5
(I)
10
Un +Dt (8H T +)
1
10 1
10 2
10 3
10 4
1(00
Hn -enh Gn, 10 ++
(0 6/9t
"M!
"9& 6` h` tr9
1k00
(H)
1l001500
H/:c s;ng (n+)
1\00
Hnh 3.34 n ac m mat so h tro: (a) mat un tnh
hu suat nhu mt hm cua khong cch bnh thung, (b) buc sng ph thuc cua o
un mat. (T T u tham kho 38)
ga cc so u vo v u ra. Trong hnh. 3.35, cc tnh ton ve mat thuyet
MFD khng ph hop (ung en) nhu mt chc nang cua s sp xep uoc so snh
ga SMF (Nhoe Nm) v chat xo h tro (Nhoe 1). Thu nghm
o t ha so h tro (&k t) uoc at n trn
ct truyn. Ket qu cho thay khng ph hop MFD gm kh tang c / a,
ac bt v c / a '2. Mat m n gy ra bo MFD khng ph hop uoc v trong
V. 3.35 (b) nhu mt chc nang cua s khc bt ch s khc x ga N v Nm
cho ha so h tro thu xep khc nhau. Tuong n
mat uoc quan st thay o N 1 kh c / a 1.2. Do , v} tr cua cc
n quan en ct v rat quan trong t uoc gm n thap v un
tht h. T mt bn knh un thc te cua 10 mm v mt s mat mt n du
0,5 dB, vc b tr (c / a) ph c t nhat 2.
118
10
"U -hc b&Rt t/0ng & tr4ng M!$ ()
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
) 6` )+L ("M!)
)6` 1
V` h` tr9
s9&
8 0,l %
1550 n+
k
c T
l
5
1
(
(I)
MDt +& n& g>M r% bC& M!$ -h.ng ph~ h9p (8H)
jh.ng -he ()h46e 1)
5
l
k
(
1
0
0 . 5
0 . 4
0 . 3
0,l %
1550 n+
)+L
c T 1.(
c T (,0
0 . 2
0 . 1
0
(H)
jh[c 3L -hc b&Rt g&B% ch{ s )6` JK )+L
Hnh 3.35 (A) Tnh ton v thc nghm nh vc che ung knh khng ph hop nhu mt chc nang cua
sp xep , (b) mat m n gy ra bo MFD khng ph hop nhu mt chc nang cua ch s khc x
s khc bt ga N v Nphu. (T T u tham kho 38)
Dy cur quang hoc (v d t cng ty NTT 38-40 v Htach 40)
by g thuong m c san v cc tnh nang mnh m chng nht m trung xung quanh
thay (t A10 8C 40 8C!, m cao (n en 90), p suat v
tc th ko (v d snaggng). Ngo ra, dy quang hoc cur chng-
hm cang co kh v nht c th uoc tang cung bo bao boc cc
ct v mt cung cao so aramd sc mnh theo cheu doc v nha nht do
n ho o khoc, nhu e xuat trong 39.
119
3.3.2.3-Index uoc phn o poymer quang cho chu mng
Nhu tho un trong ph. 3.1, snge-mode so sca thng thung h
xu chnh xc v p at bo nhn vn c tay nghe cao do nh
5 - 10 mm ung knh . Mt ha hen cp quang ng cu vn t uoc thap -
ch ph, d su dng, tuy nhn tc cao mng tm ngn trong mt m trung ga nh
so quang ch s phn o poymer (GI-POF) 41-46. GI-POF c
n, n hnh 0,5-1,0 mm, to eu kn cho on gn cp quang t chat xo v chat xo
nguon ket n (do tm nh sng d dng hon t nguon), v do thap
pht ch ph v m n ket. Bang thng cua mt GI-POF, thung
khong 2 GH.km 43, ph thuc vo ho so c nhn ch s khc x trong
uoc hnh thnh trong ph cua mt qu trnh trng hop be-ge
44, 45. Bng cch km sot cc -p phu (ch s / bn knh) t trong ph
thng qua qu trnh trng hop be-ge hoac bng cch km sot cc chat xo
ung knh trong qu trnh nht v, ung knh cua c th uoc
thay . Hon na, bng cch thay cc thng s ha hoc trong poymer-
qu trnh ha, ho so c nhn ch s khc x v khu s (NA) cua
GI-POF c th uoc thay .
S mat mt un cua mt GI-POF c th uoc gm mt cch thch hop may cc
phn o ho so ch s, NA, v ung knh 47. Hnh 3.36 (a) v (b) m muu
cc cau ch s cua ba GI-POFs v ung knh khc nhau v NA, v
tht h un tuong ng cua ho nhu mt chc nang cua bn knh un 47. Ket qu
ch ra rng gm tn that un, ung knh ph uoc thc hn
nh hon nhung Ouc h ph uoc thc hn cao hon. C th hon, hnh. 3.37 cc
ung knh v s ph thuc NA ct cua s mat mt un cong o bn knh un cong cua
5 mm. S mat mt un tang theo cap s nhn kh c ung knh tang
ngo 150 - 200 mm hoac kh Ouc h gm du 0,25. V GI-POF thet p -
ung knh ct cua 200 mm v NA 0,24, s mat mt un c hu qu 0 dB
thm ch du 5 mm Bn knh un, nhu th hn trong hnh. 3.38 (a).
S mat mt un uoc thc nghm xc nhn trong 47 uoc gy ra bo che
khp n t un. Ln uot, sc mnh cua che khp n truc kh un
nh huong en s uong un mat mt, v mnh m hon cc che khp n
cao hon s mat mt un gy ra. Cung n ket che c th uoc nh g bng
cng tc tuyn truyen hu s khng (Db) ga cc che n cn, m mt
chc nang cua ung knh v NA. Theo tnh ton cua D(, mt tp hop cc
ung knh v NA v cng D( nhu cua cc so trong hnh. 3.38 (a)
v trong hnh. 3.38 (b). Am muu cung cap ung knh v t a
t thu NA o cc t khc nhau un duy tr s mat mt un thap
hu qu 0 dB. Tnh ton cua D( do g tr} cho php mt nhn vn ph
an thet ke cc thng s ng dn sng GI-POF t uoc 0 dB mat un 47.
Mac d s mat mt un cua GI-POF c th d dng gm xung 0 dB, n tc
cng vc tp trung vo vc gm s suy gm cua GI-POF, ac bt trong
120
1.50l
1,50(
Ph{ s -h[c 3L
1.500
1.l98
1,l9\
1,l9l
1,l9(
1.l90
0
"9& (,
)I 0,1w8,
"9& k,
)I 0,15l,
/^ng -enh 6Q& 500
/^ng -enh 6Q& 500
"9& 1,
)I 0,1w8,
/^ng -enh 6Q& (00
50
(I)
\.0
100 150 (00 (50 k00 k50
Hn -enh (++)
"9& k
5.0
Un +Dt (8H)
"9& (
l.0
k.0
(.0
1.0
0.0
0
10
k0(0
Hn -enh Gn (++)
l0
50
"9& 1
(H)
Hnh 3.36 So snh cua ba GI-POFs v khc nhau ung knh v khu s
(NA): (a) ho so ch s khc x, v (b) un mat mt nhu mt chc nang cua bn knh. (T T u tham kho 47)
GI-POFs cc o poyme perfuornated. S suy gm bo co tt nhat vn
vuot qu 25 dB / km o 850 nm v 1300 nm buc sng 48.
3.4 Nguon pht tn hu AT
CO SO thu bao
3.4.1 G thu
Trong kh phn cha buc sng ghp mng quang th ng (WDM-PON)
ang tch cc uoc pht trn p ng nhu cu bang thng ngy cng tang cua
ngu dng cu trong mt ch ph-hu qu v cch thc tuong a chng mnh, km k
Nguon pht o mat bng thu bao
1.0
121
0.8
Un +Dt (8H)
)I 0,(((
0.\
0.l
0.(
0.0
0
100
(00
k00
l00
500
\00
(I)
\.0
5.0
Un +Dt (8H)
l.0
k.0
(.0
1.0
0.0
0.10
/^ng -enh 6Q& (++)
/^ng -enh 6Q& 500
0.15
0.(0
)I
0,(5
0.k0
0,k5
(H)
Hnh 3.37 (A) ung knh v (b) Ouc h mat ph thuc vo un bn knh 5 mm. (T
T u tham kho 47)
nguon pht sng c th v cc ch ph n quan en vc oper-
aton, qun tr}, v qun cua cc buc sng khc nhau, vn cn mt
van e n cn ph vuot qua truc kh trn kha thuong m-an rng
trn c th t uoc. eu ny ac bt quan trong t cc co so thu bao (tc au n)
m ch ph nhy cm nhat. Trong tn trong, cau hnh au n hu qu
ang tch cc ang uoc nghn cu v hu het cc e xuat vn cn o ga on nghn cu. Ch ph
cau hnh au n hu qu phn n c th uoc phn o thnh ba nhm:
122
0.(
Un +Dt (8H)
0.1
0.0
0 . 1
0 . 2
0
10
(I)
0.k0
0.(w
(0k0
Hn -enh Gn (++)
l0
50
5 ++ Gn
10 ++ Gn
0.(l
)I
0.(1
0.18
15 ++ Gn
0.15
0
100
(00.k00
/^ng -enh 6Q& (++)
l00
500
(H)
Hnh 3.38 (A) n mat GI-POF c ung knh 200 mm v NA 0,24
(B) cc thng s t uu cua ng dn sng GI-POF ngan chan s mat mt un. (T T u tham kho 47)
(A) ONs buc sng c th, (b) ONs khng mu, v (c) ONs nguon mn ph,
m s uoc m t trong cc phn du y.
3.4.2 Buc sng-c th ONs
3.4.2.1 Phn ph Phn ho (DFB) v phn tn Bragg
Phn x (DBR) Laser
Mt trong nhng yu cu quan trong cua nguon pht trong mt h thng WDM
cc buc sng duy tr n }nh v c }nh vo u WDM. Phm ny
123
Yu cu gm thu crosstaks v cc buc sng khc v y truyen
mat son t nt t xa WDM, v d Lu ng dn sng dn trn (AWGs).
Laser a nhu FP-LDS b} nhm vn tc phn tn trong
m che an truyen trong so o mt tc khc nhau, hn che tc bt-
sn phm khong cch en 10 (Gb / s)-km ac bt o vng c buc sng d 49.
Cc so o cua mt ch s hung dn FP-LD v mt ng dn sng sun n
cau trc uoc th hn trong hnh. 3.39. Mt khu vc hot ng mng uoc kep ga p-
v o n p ton cho mt bandgap nang uong cao hon, v mt dng bn ngo
tm cn thet bom aser trn ngung pht x kch thch.
Hon na, khu vc hot ng (tc t uoc trung bnh) uoc at bn trong mt Fabry-Perot
khoang hnh thnh bo ha kha cnh cua ta aser ch cua n m hnh ng nhu guong 49. Trong
V. 3.39, cc b phn cua p-type bn dn uoc khc , mt
d hoac sun n m nht nh sng pht x t ch c kch thuc hnh ep khu vc .
L quang ph thu uoc cua aser bn dn thung hng chc Terahert rng,
nheu hon mt che doc cua FP-LD s knh nghm t uoc, ket qu
mt nh sng pht x c mt s che theo cheu doc cua khoang, nhu th hn trong
cc hnh ch nht cua hnh. 3.39. Che chnh mt trong trng v hoac gn
nh cao t uoc, trong kh khong cch che , D) , L mt chc nang cua ch s nhm, n,
v cheu d cua khoang, L.
so snh, on mode aser nhu thng tn phn ho phn b (DFB) aser
v phn ph Bragg phn x (DBR) aser ng cu vn thch hop nhu ON
pht do t sn cua ho tc cao trc tep eu che 50. Nhng aser
uoc thet ke nhu vy m che khoang khc nhau b} tht h khoang khc nhau.
T&=+ h&Rn tL& (b0+)
7Xn
XnY%Is (h4Lt ng)
7Xn
g k00
V
Mpt c5t (g/0ng)
P/^ng

V%ser
san 6/9ng
jh4ang cch g&B% cc chF
c (
g 10 n+
(1(50 YZx)
Hnh 3.39 So o cua mt Fabry-Perot dode aser ch s hung dn. Ph quang
hn th} nheu che pht aser theo cheu doc.
124
Che chnh mt trong nhng b} mat t nhat t v vuot
eu kn ngung. Hnh 3.40 cho thay so o cua mt aser DFB.
N tuong t nhu cc FP-LD v mt khu vc hot ng mng kep ga p- v
o n p ton cho mt bandgap cao hon. Tuy nhn, khng gng nhu FP-LD, cc
co che phn ho trong mt DFB uoc phn ph trn ton cheu d hp bng
phuong tn cua mt n b uoc xy dng trong Bragg u. Lu st gy ra mt }nh ky
s thay cua ch s che dn en cc khp n cua sng trong
ve pha truc v hung tuyn truyen c hu. v aser DBR, cc thng tn phn ho
bng Bragg nhu x khng n tc trong sut cheu d cua
khoang nhung o c ha u cua khoang. Trong c ha o ta aser, vc a chon mt
che ac bt (hoac tuong uong buc sng c th cua nh sng pht x)
ph thuc vo khong th gan cch tu, ch s che trung bnh, v ngu u tn at hng Bragg
nhu x 49. Hnh nh cua hnh. 3.40 cho thay mt quang ph quang hoc ac trung cua
pht aser che cua ta aser DFB v hnh v che on sc ($ 1 MH
cheu rng quang ph). Nhng aser c h s nht khong 0,1 nm/8C,
v do yu cu km sot nht hot ng v buc sng phn ho
gm st, v d su dng etaons Fabry-Perot v b oc Bragg, m bo rng
buc sng pht x uoc duy tr o cc buc sng uoc ch }nh cua ho. Ny
gp phn tu th n nang cao, co kh cong kenh, h thng phc tp,
v ch ph du dng. Modue DFB nht du duong cng c th uoc su dng nhu ON
pht mac d v ch ph cao hon, v m m-un DFB du duong
sua cha eu chnh pht ra o mt buc sng khc nhau. V thet ke nht thch hop v
T&=+ h&Rn tL& (b0+)
7 Xn
XnY%Is (h4Lt ng)
I_
6:p ph
7 Xn
Yh= t%&
(Y/0ng ph>n ph&)
Mpt c5t
(jh.ng cmn 6K g/0ng)
P/^ng
V%ser
san 6/9ng
1 MZx rng /^ng
Hnh 3.40 Gn o cua mt ta aser phn ho phn tn. Hn th} quang ph quang hoc
tuyt v hnh v on mode.
125
nang km sot, m-un DFB du duong uoc chng mnh eu chnh qua
ton b khu vc C-band trong kh duy tr s n }nh buc sng 51.
3.4.2.2-doc khoang be mat pht sng Laser (VCSEL)
Mt buc sng c th thay the y ha hen DFB v DBR aser
ta aser be mat pht ra doc khoang (VCSEL). Do cheu d khoang ngn cua
thung 2-5 mm, VCSELs trn m tuyt v hnh v on mode trong uu-
gm thu s phn tn 52. Hnh 3.41 cho thay so o cua mt VCSEL trong
nheu p mng bn dn uoc trong moc ghp trn chat nen. Cc
khu vc hot ng cua VCSEL bao gom mt s geng uong tu c ct-
wched ga h s phn x cao (> 99,5) Guong DBR m en uot mnh m
n cua 10-50 cap cua cc p bn dn c chet suat khc nhau 53.
Anh sng pht aser t VCSEL uoc pht ra theo hung thng thung v hot ng
p my bay v c mt chm trn to eu kn khp n hu qu vo mt
snge-mode so. VCSELs c o the ch ph co bn trn c truyen
cnh pht aser (v d nhu DFB v DBR) v ch ph thap cua ho nh sn xuat che
ng, ng g, xep thng, v thu nghm 54. VCSELs cng c th uoc sn xuat t
1-D v 2-D mng t a ha mt g v hu suat bang thng.
Do kh uong khoang cua mt VCSEL nh, n th hn dng ngung thap trong
phm v ph mA o nht phng. Do , tu th n nang
thap. VCSELs buc sng d (buc sng 1310 nm v 1550 nm) qu
strated truyen trc tep eu che d u 10 Gb / s trn mt khong cch m
so snh v cc mng truy cp 55.
Tep tc gm ch ph cua vc su dng my pht VCSEL trong ONs, mt WDM-
PON chuong trnh kha thc m vc su dng quang hoc tm-kha (OIL)
e xuat c kh nang t uoc hot ng VCSEL m mt 56. Ouang nec-
ton-kha cho php cc buc sng VCSEL uoc xuat hn cua chu
aser v u DWDM trong mt phm v ch huong nhat }nh. Cng v hop
chm nht, buc sng VCSEL b} kha vo cng AWG c th
uoc cung cap bo CO 57. V vy, su dng VCSELs tm b} kha nhu thuong nguon
jhG JUc h4Lt ng
0,(5 ++
Hnh 3.41 So o cua mt aser be mat pht ra doc khoang (VCSEL) v crcu-
ar chm u ra.
126
pht trn cc ON khoan dung buc sng v kh nang tuong thch v
cc nh cung cap khc nhau v h thng u n v DWDM ho khc nhau. Ouang nec-
ton-kha cng uoc chng mnh c thn hu suat ta aser bao gom trong
nhan bang thng eu che, v gm chrp quang hoc, teng on aser, v
ben dng ph tuyen 58. Hnh 3.42 cho thay so o cua mt WDM-PON
thc hn D-VCSELs. T CO, chu DFB aser, hoac trc tep hoac
bn ngo uoc eu che v d u h uu, uoc nht eu chnh pht ra
cc buc sng khc nhau trn u n DWDM. Nhng buc sng ny n u tn a
pexed v sau demutpexed t nt t xa cho tep tn t ONs.
Laser DFB truyen tn hu h uu cng phc v mt chc nang th ha
aser quang hoc tng th VCSELs tm kha ON n vo WDM
u n. T m ON, mt b cha quang cha quang n cua demut-
tn hu h uu pexed nu mt b tep nhn h uu v tm mt kha
n VCSEL. Cc D-VCSEL sau trc tep eu che v d u thuong nguon
v truyen d u tro CO Chuong trnh ny do o b s cn thet ph
cc nguon bn ngo quang tm kha, b eu ben bn ngo, v c kh nang
n }nh buc sng mch. Ket qu thu nghm so b t mt un-
hung WDM-PON (xem hnh. 3.42) cho thay uu D-VCSEL
quyen hn phun thap (<A20 dBm) v phn ng mnh m ch cho ngu vn chuyn
buc sng, v khng ph d u eu che cua tn hu h uu 56.
Trong thc te, ha cheu mng quang hoc uoc nheu ua thch do gm
qun v tet km ch ph chat xo. Tuy nhn, v quang tm kha, cc
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Hnh 3.42 WDM-PON su dng eu che trc tep D-VCSELs nhu au n cc my pht. M
n VCSEL, nm o ON tm b} kha bo tn hu h uu eu che xuyn
qua ung t mt aser DFB chu at t CO (T T u tham kho 56)
127
chu (h uu) v n (thuong nguon) buc sng gng ht nhau. Thuong nguon
thc hn o ngu nhn CO c th uoc kh nang suy tho cua Rayegh
tn x gy ra teng on cung cua DFB aser chu 59. L kp
van e nh sng tng th khng CW nhung uoc eu che v d u h uu.
Mt nghn cu uoc thc hn trn 25 km ha cheu WDM-PON m su dng
D-VCSELs nhu au n cc my pht. Cc hu ng tn x nguoc Rayegh
phn tch bng cch thay cc tn hu nguoc dng tham s Rayegh tn x nguoc
t (SRR) trong kh vn g t tuyt chung (ER) cua h uu v
tn hu nguoc dng n tc. Hnh 3.43 (a) cho thay cc php o BER cua
3
4
V4g (HE_)
5
6
"__ 10,1 8H
"__ 1(,1 8H
"__ 1k,l 8H
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7
8
9
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1 1
1 2
3 2
3 0
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3
4
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5
6
2 8 2 6 2 4
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2 2
E_ (.(5 8H
E_ (.81 8H
E_ k.\k 8H
E_ l,k 8H
E_ \.1l 8H
7
8
9
1 0
1 1
1 2
3 2
3 0
(H)
2 8 2 6 2 4
2 2
Hnh 3.43 ung cong BER thuong nguon cho cc g tr} khc nhau (a) tn hu nguoc dng Rayegh
t tn x nguoc (SRR) v t tuyt chung h uu n tc (ER) 4,5 dB (b)
ER h uu t mt SRR n tc 13,4 dB.
128
2,5 Gb / s tn hu nguoc dng t VCSEL quang tm kha 2,5 Gb / s
tn hu h uu cho cc g tr} khc nhau cua SRR. BER thuong nguon m gm v
gm SRR, gy hnh pht n v sn . Ket qu cng cho thay
rng nh huong cua Rayegh tn x nguoc c th uoc gm ng k t uoc
truyen (t BER %10A9 ) Neu SRR cao hon 13,4 dB, mt
g tr} d dng t uoc trong mt mng thc te. Duy tr SRR v thuong nguon
ER 13,4 dB v 4,5 dB tuong ng, ER h uu sau uoc thay v
cc ung cong BER nguoc dng tuong ng v hnh. 3.43 (b). Trong kh
truyen t uoc trong mo trung hop, tang ER h uu m tho ha
hu suat thuong nguon. Trong trung hop xau nhat, s ga tang nguy co tuyt chung o h uu
t t 2,25 dB en 6.14 gnh ch}u dB * 3 dB suy tho trn BER thuong nguon.
Hnh 3.44 sc mnh t thu cn thet t uoc BER <10A9 nhu mt
chc nang cua ER h uu cho c ha tn hu n v xung. Cc
ung en v dau gch ngang dn cho cc ph thuc ER quang hoc tuong cua c ha
tn hu thuong nguon v h nguon trong mt mng ha cheu v mt cheu
back-to-back thet p (tc khng c Rayegh tn x nguoc hoac hnh pht truyen),
tuong ng. Ket qu cho thay mt hnh pht sc mnh cua %2 dB t 25 km cua truyen
v Rayegh tn x nguoc, nhung quan trong hon, mt tuyen tnh v nh ph thuc-
dn cua cc tn hu nguoc dng trn ER h uu so v cao h cho-
ph thuc nenta cua tn hu ve pha h uu h uu ER 60.
v hot ng khng mu, VCSELs du duong gng ht nhau c th uoc at t m
au n. Du duong VCSELs v eu chnh n tc trong cc buc sng 1530-1620-nm
1 6
cG%ng &Rn +&n (8H+)
A Lt /9c HE_ 10 9
1 8
2 0
2 2
2 4
2 6
2 8
3 0
1
(
k
l
5
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w
Th/9ng ngGn +t ch&dG
)h&dG h/:ng hL 6/G
Z%& ch&dG ng/9c 8mng
Z%& ch&dG hL 6/G
T 6R tGMRt chng c% cc ten h&RG hL 6/G (8H)
Hnh 3.44 Nhn uoc n quang t BER 10A9 nhu mt chc nang tuyt chung h uu
t . Rn dng: ha cheu 25 km truyen v cc hu ng tn x nguoc Rayegh. Dau gch ngang
dng: mt cheu truyen back-to-back.
129
che uoc chng mnh 61. K t kh buc sng pht x n VCSEL
thung ph thuc vo hn thn v} cua n hoac nht tn nht, mt'''' o to
phn c th uoc yu cu tm ra khong buc sng c th kha. eu ny c th uoc thc hn
v s h tro cua mt bng nhn n, hoac bng cch hnh thnh mt vng phn ho v
o cua VCSEL n phn nh quyen c thng qua cng 3 cua quang
tun hon trong hnh. 3.42 hoac n p ng ba cua n trong kh qut VCSEL n
buc sng. Bu tp cn ph uoc thc hn mt n duy nhat kh au n
bt u n hoac khng thung xuyn nhu tnh hnh tro nn cn thet, tuong t nhu kho ng
cua mt my tnh c nhn.
3.4.3 khng mu ONs
Cc buc sng pht x cua th o ny cua ONs khng ac hu mac d n
c th uoc chon oc xc }nh bo cc yeu t bn ngo nhu cc thuc tnh oc
cua AWG trong nt t xa hoac buc sng cua mt nh sng tm / seedng
vo au n. S nh hot ny do cho php chnh xc cng mt mu ON
cau hnh uoc trn kha trn mng, to thun o cho sn xuat hng ot. Trong
van hoc, ton t nheu chuong trnh to thun o cho cc tnh nang khng mu trong
ONs, v cc chuong trnh cng c th uoc phn o thnh ba nhm chnh
m t du y.
3.4.3.1 khng mu ONs Da trn k thut quang ph-scng
Cc ONs khng mu trong th o ny o ch t vc ph-ct
k thut to ra cc knh buc sng thuong nguon duy nhat cho truyen t.
Trong k thut ny, s ket hop cua mt nguon bang thng rng v cc b oc quang hoc
kha thc quang ph ct quang ph cua mt nguon quang bang thng rng vo
hep v cc knh truyen hnh duy nhat cho truyen thuong nguon. Sm nhat ung h
posas uoc thc hn da trn mt nguon quang bang thng rng t m ON
v quang ph-ct xy ra t AWG trong nt t xa 62-64. Do
ct quang ph, ch c mt d hep cua th t ph nhn uoc t CO
t m au n, mac d d u thuong nguon uoc eu che trn ton b
ph bang thng rng. Hnh 3.45 cho thay so o cua mt WDM-
PON v mt n LED uoc thc hn nhu nguon quang bang thng rng trong m ON
62. e xuat khc cho nguon quang bang thng rng t au n bao gom
LED superumnescent (SLED) 63, 64, v erbum pha tp chat xo khuech
(EDFA) nhu khuech pht x t pht (ASE) nguon nh sng 65, v
a FP-LDS 66.
Trong mt s e xuat khc, mt nguon bang thng rng tp trung duy nhat mpemen-
ted trong CO thay v phn ph nguon quang bang thng rng trn
130
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Hnh 3.45 So o cua WDM-PON v bang thng rng nguon quang (LED) trong ON.
(T T u tham kho 62)
mng, do m gm ch ph thnh phn t m ON 67. Tuong t nhu vy,
quang ph cua nguon quang bang thng rng tp trung uoc ct thnh nheu
hep v c o knh t nt t xa, v m mt phn ph
hung t mt au n rng bt. T au n, cc quang ph hep t sng
bn ngo knh cheu d eu che v cc d u thuong nguon s uoc gu tro
cc CO V tat c cc k thut quang ph-scng e cp o trn, ch c mt hep
mt phn cua nguon bang thng rng uoc su dng mt cch hu qu vn chuyn d u. Ket qu
,
vc truyen t tc bt v khong cch ny uoc g hn bo cc quang ph-ct cao
mat mt, tep tc phc tp bo cc cung quc kho ng thap cua n LED v
Xe truot tuyet. Ngu ta c th tang d thng cua AWG gm ct quang ph
tht h, nhung s n uot gap g cc van e phn tn v s hn che s uong
ngu su dng h tro trong mng. Mt e xuat gn y hnh. 3.46 mc tu t
khc phc cc van e quyen c bng cch su dng mt supercontnuum bang thng rng tp trung
nguon nh sng t uoc truyen ha cheu 10 Gb / s trn 40 km khong cch
67. Cc supercontnuum bang thng rng nguon nh sng bang thng rng tp trung xy
ssts cua aser tch cc che kha, mt EDFA, mt b eu khn phn cc, mt
so tnh th quang tu ph tuyen, v C-band bang qua b oc hn che
rng ph cua supercontnuum v bang tn C su dng tu sn thuong nguon.
Do , mt supercontnuum C-band uoc phn ph h uu v spec-
tray ct t nt t xa vo nheu knh thuong uu m sau uoc
eu che v d u thuong nguon cua ONs.
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Hnh 3.46 Thet p thu nghm cua WDM-PON v trung supercontnuum bang thng rng
nguon sng. (T T u tham kho 67)
3.4.3.2 quang hoc tm-b} kha v buc sng-ht
ONs khng mu
3.4.3.2.1 ngo tm-kha v d sng Seedng
Tc eu che trong cau hnh au n khng mu da trn dn rng
nguon ban nhc / a uoc hn che do mt s nguon teng on vn c nhu
teng on phn vng che , teng on cung , v t pht-t pht teng on nh}p.
Nhng nh huong trn s ga tang tn hu quang hoc nhu mt chc nang cua gn hon v hep hon-
knh bang thng 67, 68. Ngo ra, su dng mt nh sng quang hoc bn ngo
tm vo mt aser a nhu mt FP-LD c th dn en s kch thch cua
ch c mt che n }nh cho eu che tc cao, v tat c cc che khc h-
nhan 69. Tm quang hoc cua aser a (aser n ) su dng bn ngo
nguon quang (aser chu) c th kha cc buc sng cua cc che chnh
cua aser chu, to eu kn cho hot ng khng mu v m mt m khng c tem-
n }nh perature.
Trong mt WDM-PON, quang tm-kha cua FP-LDS uoc e xuat
chc nang nhu n }nh, khng mu, v m mt my pht ON 70-73. Hu het cc
cc e n e xuat kha thc su dng mt nguon quang bang thng rng tp trung
c bang thng rng ph sn uong quang ph ct t nt t xa
cung cap nheu n tm tng th cho nheu n FP-LDS. Ngo
to eu kn pht khng mu trong ONs, tm kha FP-LDS cng c
uoc e xuat nhu my pht khng mu trong CO Mt v d uoc th hn trong
V. 3,47 v CO v au n ha cheu (BD) thu uoc da
trn tm kha FP-LDS v photododes pn 72. Cc yu cu cua mt
132
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Hnh 3.47 So o ha cheu khng mu (BD) thu pht da trn FP-LDS
tm b} kha bo nh sng quang ph ct t t mt bang thng rng su umnesent LED (SLED).
(T T u tham kho 72)
photodode trong mt PON tuong t nhu trong bat ky mng quang hoc: cao senstv-
ty, teng on thap, phn ng nhanh, tn cy cao, v cng c hu qu ch ph 74. Trong
Ngo ra, h nhp cua n trong mt mch che chp nhn, nhu tho un o Chuong. 4,
quan trong m bo rng cc my thu c kh nang xu g tn cua mt rng
phm v hot ng cua quang n (v khong cch truyen dn), ac bt trong mt
n-cha th gan cha s PON. Cho cc mc ch ch ph, p--n dode tch sng quang
nheu ua thch ac bt v vc thc hn t ONs. Tuy nhn, trn tuyet o
dode tch sng quang (APDs) ang uoc chap nhn rng r trong tc cao Pons. Mt cht
Hn che en vc su dng cua APD cn thet cho mt nguon n p cao
cung cap mt n p phn cc nguoc 20-40 V. Tuy nhn, APD c n
tang hn thng qua qu trnh oxy ha tc ng, m m cho n dung np
c th chng teng on nht, v do , rat ph hop su dng trong mt unamp-
fed v nht m trung teng on hn che nhu Pons.
e cp tro hnh. 3.47, tat c cc FP-LDS hoac nm o CO hoac ONs
tm b} kha bo t quang ph c nguon gc t quang bang thng rng
nguon (BLSs) at t CO C ha BLSs cho h uu v thuong uu
tm bao gom mt SLED v mt b oc d thng quang hoc hn che rng
ph nhc cho ban nhc buc sng mong mun. Mt y uoc su dng ngan chan
thng tn phn ho vo SLED. Ha ban nhc rng bt, C v E ban nhc, uoc phn b
cho truyen thuong nguon v h nguon, tuong ng. Nhng ac bt
ban nhc u xa cho php vc su dng cc b oc WDM v thng s k thut thu gn
t CO v ONs, nhung cng u gn oc buc sng chnh xc
bng cch su dng (FSR) cua AWGs atherma. Anh sng bang thng rng cua c ha BLSs
ua ra vo so trung chuyn qua mt couper 3 dB. Anh sng bang thng rng

133
tm kha thu BD h uu uoc quang ph ct bo AWG t
CO, trong kh v cc my thu pht BD thuong nguon quang ph ct bo
AWG t RN. L ket qu cua tm quang bn ngo, buc sng cua m
BD thu pht uoc xc }nh bo buc sng cua quang ph en th t
nh sng tm.
Hnh 3.48 (a) v (b) cho thay quang ph cua h uu v thuong uu
BLS v ket qu tm n quang ph ct o o u vo v
cng u ra cua RN v CO AWGs, tuong ng. Cc php o uoc
thc hn m khng ket n bat ky thu pht BD vo mng. M
Gaussan AWG c 40 d ph (1535-1566 nm) trong bang tn C, v tuong t,
40 d ph (1431-1460 nm) gn E ban nhc. Nhng mat mt chn o
2 0
&Rn (8H)
4 0
6 0
(I)
1l00
1l50
1500
1550
1\00
2 0
&Rn (8H)
4 0
6 0
(H)
1l00
1l50
1500
1550
1\00
Hnh 3.48 Ouang ph cua nh sng tng tm v tm n ph-t Meas-
ured t cc cng u vo v u ra cua (a) nt t xa AWG v (b) AWG van phng trung tm.
(T T u tham kho 72)
134
c ha AWGs 3 dB. Ga ha AWGs, cc sa ch d thng
ch %0.02 nm v %0.01 nm trong C v E ban nhc, tuong ng. Cc nhe
s khc bt ga ha nhm do cc ac m n t cua
AWGs. Tuy nhn, hnh pht pht snh t sa ch nh ny
thc nghm uoc chng mnh khng ng k 72. Thu nghm WDM-PON su dng nhu vy
ph-t tm kha FP-LDS nhu au n cc my pht uoc thc hn
do Korea Teecom 75, v mt s nh cung cap thet b} bang thng rng nhu
Futsu Mng Truyen thng 76 v Corecass 77 ph hop sau y nhung v
b khuech bn dn quang phn cheu (RSOA) au n khng mu
my pht cua s a chon. Trong c ha o my pht au n khng mu, hu qu
tm quang v buc sng gng c th uoc km sot cn thn v chon oc
ton cua s thn v} bng aser hn t, ch s eu che, v sc mnh tm quang.
Tuong t nhu vy, tm mt nh sng gng bn ngo vo mt RSOA cho php
the h cua mt tn s n }nh, cung thap, pha teng on thap chua cao
nguon nang uong quang hoc. Cc buc sng pht x cua mt RSOA ht sau cua
nh sng gng 78-81. Mt v d ve vc trn kha RSOAs buc sng ht gng s nhu
my pht khng mu trong mt WDM-PON uoc hn th} trong hnh. 3.49. T CO, khng
nh sng phn cc bang thng rng t mt SLED hung vo 10 km so np
thng qua mt couper 3 dB. Cc buc sng h uu v nh sng bang thng rng (v the
cc buc sng thuong nguon), nm trn ha wavebands rng bt, L v C, tn trong-
vey. Anh sng bang thng rng ph th t bo AWG t nt eu khn t xa
v uoc }nh hung vo au n sau kh d chuyn qua 10 km phn ph
chat xo. T au n, mt b oc WDM th uoc su dng tch cc h uu
buc sng (trong bang L) v nh sng quang ph th t (trong C-band), v
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Hnh 3.49 So o khng mu phn cheu khuech quang hoc bn dn (RSOA)
buc sng ht cua nh sng quang ph ct t t mt SLED bang thng rng. (T T u tham kho 81)
135
sau hung vo mt RSOA. Sau cc RSOA buc sng ht gng s c th uoc trc tep
eu che v d u nguoc dng sau uoc gu tro thuong nguon en CO
So v SOA trong c mt cau trc ng dn sng du }ch v ha
mat phn cheu thap, mt SOA phn cheu c mt kha cnh pha truc uoc phu mt
p phu chng phn x-phn x rat thap cho nh sng nhp cnh, xuat cnh, v mt pha sau
mat uoc trng phu p phn x cao phn cheu nh sng u vo. Hnh
3.50 cho thay mt v d ve mt ndum phosphde da trn RSOA nguyn kh t
CIPhotoncs v mt cau trc ng dn sng cong ngan chan s phn x
t cc kha cnh truc kh to eu kn phn x kh cao t cc kha cnh sau
82. Ten b ang uoc thc hn cho cc cau trc cua RSOAs tang nang eu chnh
tc ha bng cch gm ng ba v parastcs n dung v mutquantum
cng 83 v cham cng ngh uong tu 76. Buc sng ht gng s RSOA c
kh nang t tc truyen t cao trn mt khong cch d hon
tm kha FP-LD do suat u ra cao v mn d}ch v che cua n
teng on phn vng 83. Ouan trong hon, kh hot ng theo bo ha tang
eu kn, RSOAs c mt bn p t sn vn c h-
nhan teng on cung du tha cua nh sng gng (tc quang ph ct ASE
nh sng) 83.
3.4.3.2.2 t tm-Locked FP-LDS v t geo ht phn quang SOA
Gn y, e n trn co so t tm kha FP-LDS v t geo ht
RSOAs uoc e xuat trong 84, 85 o b cc yu cu ve tp trung
"lw00 5,0 -s w,k ++ 110 "E (U)
500
Hnh 3.50 Kh ndum phosphde da trn RSOA c archtec-ng dn sng cong
ture. (T T u tham kho 82)
136
nguon bang thng rng t Cng ty TNHH Trong 84, tn hu nguoc dng t m FP-LD
phn x tro t nt t xa kha tm chnh n. Nhu hnh. 3.51,
cc thng tn phn ho uoc cung cap bo mt so Bragg u (FBG) v buc sng Bragg
tm t d thng cua ng dn sng u cng router. Nht
h s FBG gng nhu cua ng dn sng sca u
b }nh tuyen, v do cc buc sng Bragg s un un theo d cua ng dn sng
b }nh tuyen u cng. T tm kha FP-LD trc tep eu che v mt
dc cn bng gao dn m hu o nguoc gm tc ng d u khun mu.
Hon na, mt s chm tr uu thng quang hoc bao gom mt couper 1:99 uoc thc hn
o pha truc cua FP-LD o b cc s mch c ga nh sng phn x v
t tm-kha tn hu nguoc dng. Gng FP-LDS c th uoc su dng o tat c cc
ONs k t kh buc sng truyen uoc xc }nh bo FBG v sng
hung dn ac m quang ph cch tu router. Hnh 3.52 cho thay quang
_)
1
"M! 10 -+
WVT
1
#Y_
+
!HY
"M! 99
1
DG n&
P
!7V$
_H"
Y&%4 8&Rn PMX
Hnh 3.51 WDM-PON v t tm kha t aser Fabry-Perot (FP-LDS).
(T T u tham kho 81)
0
cG%ng &Rn (8H+)
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
15(0
15k0
15l01550
H/:c s;ng (n+)
15\0
15w0
Hnh 3.52 Ph quang hoc cua t tm kha FP-LD. (T T u tham kho 81)
137
quang ph cua mt FP-LD uoc tm b} kha bng cch rng cua n phn nh nh sng
buc sng khc nhau (su dng mt FBG du duong), th hn hot ng khng mu.
Trong e n RSOA t geo e xuat trong 85, cc RSOA t m ON
pht ra mt quang ph ASE theo hung thuong nguon m sau uoc quang ph th t
bo AWG trong nt t xa. Mt phn cua nh sng ny uoc phn nh tro
RSOA qua mt con ung phn x bao gom mt couper, mt tun hon quang hoc, v mt
bang qua b oc (BPF), nhu th hn trong so o cua e xuat
WDM-PON trong hnh. 3.53. BPF m bo rng ch c mt buc sng cao m
phn x tro geo ht RSOA trong trung hop phm v quang ph t do cua
AWG nh hon so v bang thng quang hoc cua quang ph ASE. BPF
cng uoc su dng phn cheu nh sng quang ph ct cua tat c cc ONs, o b trc tep
tuong ng ga cc AWG v Nb oc buc sng tnh. Mt quan trong
m cn uu theo d nht nghm ngat ga cc AWG v BPF
khng cn thet nhu FSR cua AWG v d thng cua BPF s un un
trng mang mt ht gng buc sng trn m cng u ra. Mt kh t geo ht c
uoc thnh p, RSOA c th uoc eu che trc tep v d u thuong nguon
uoc truyen en OLT. RSOAs gng ht nhau c th uoc su dng o tat c cc ONs nhu
geo ht v do truyen cc buc sng uoc ch }nh bo cua AWG
ac m quang ph. Hnh v khng mu uoc th hn trong hnh. 3,54 m
cho thay quang ph quang hoc chong cho cua cc knh thuong nguon t ht gng.
M knh cua ph chong n nhau uoc o bng cch su dng cng mt RSOA
ket n v mt AWG cng u vo khc nhau theo hung thuong nguon.
3.4.4 ONs Nguon mn ph Da trn buc sng
e n t su dng
Trong th o ny cua ONs, khng c nguon quang hoc uoc thc s thc hn t
au n. Thay vo , cc tu sn bay quang t CO truyen h nguon
Th&Ft b] SG cG& /^ng bG%ng (WVT)
$1, U1
TO T _O 1
Mt
#
Y
O%
n[t (_))
s9& trGng chGMAn
(
1k
_O, thG
TO, pht
H!, b%n nhLc J/9t bG% v&6terH!
$, b/:c s;ng hL 6/G
U, b/:c s;ng ng/9c 8mng
ng 8n s;ng 8Kn trNn 6/:&, I#Y
!"_, phL+ J& bG%ng phE +&n phe
Mt
#
Y
$1, U1
DG n& 1
h>n ch&%
s9&
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b 6nc
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ZL 6/G
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TO
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#$M
b 6nc
U
$, U
TO T _O
Th/9ng ngGn
_O
Th/9ng ngGn
8B 6&RG
Hnh 3.53 So o cua WDM-PON v t geo SOA phn cheu. (T
T u tham kho 85)
138
1 0
2 0
cG%ng &Rn (8H+)
3 0
4 0
5 0
6 0
7 0
8 0
155( 155k 155l 1555 155\ 155w 1558 1559 15\0 15\1 15\(
H/:c s;ng ng/9c 8mng (n+)
Hnh 3.54 Ouang ph chong cho 1,25 Gbps t ht gng s knh thuong nguon. (T
T u tham kho 85)
t su dng truyen thuong nguon. Nhu mt chuong trnh t su dng buc sng to eu kn
ONs nguon mn ph n u tn uoc e xuat v thc nghm chng mnh vo nam 1994
trong ken trc RITE mng (xem hnh. 3.55) trong aser c th eu chnh o CO
buc qua mt ot cc buc sng trong th gan cho m buc sng tuong ng-
ng cho mt au n khc nhau 86. Mt nua th gan trong m g tn mt c th
buc sng uoc su dng mang d u h uu t CO, trong kh vn cn-
ng nua CW. T m ON, mt b cha quang n cha tuong ng-
ng sc mnh cua cc buc sng h uu vo ha con ung, mt cho h uu
pht hn d u v cc khc uoc remoduated bo mt b eu ben bn ngo v
d u thuong nguon, sau uoc ua tro ve pha CO Trong 86, c ha
d u h uu v thuong uu uoc sng mang con ghp vo cc tu sn bay
s*n phmng trGng t>+
(
T
1
)[t &dG -h&An t} 3%
1
cG%ng
+Lng
0n J&1
_
MW$
H ]nh tGMFn
_
(
DG n&
_
MW$
1
(
Hnh 3.55 RITE-net ken trc. Phn CW cua m g h uu remodu-
ated v d u thuong nguon t on v} mng quang hoc. (T T u tham kho 86)
139
buc sng cho php cha s hu qu cua mt my thu CO m khng g con-
tenton trong men th gan.
Trong e n t su dng buc sng uoc e xuat trong 87, 88, CO c Naser
n tc truyen d u pha h uu Nbuc sng NONs. Cc
tn hu h uu uoc m ha trong cc }nh dng cung cap n tc quang chu
dng snh nhu tn s quang hoc chuyn keyng (FSK) }nh dng 87 v tro o nguoc
bng khng (I-R) 88. Cc }nh dng cho php remoduaton cua h uu
tu sn bay v d u nguoc dng trong bn chuyn d}ch keyng (ASK) }nh dng (tc cung
eu che) su dng mt b eu ben cung bn ngo vo au n, do smp-
fyng cau hnh au n. Cung quang n tc trn h uu
cung cap d}ch v gm thu nhng nh huong cn cua d u h uu trn thuong nguon
d u eu ben cung . e n e xuat trong 89 kha thc cc o ch cua mt
tu sn bay h uu v cung quang hoc n tc quang tm kha
khng mu FP-LDS c th uoc eu che trc tep v d u nguon. Cc
}nh dng h uu uoc su dng khc bt ga ga on chuyn keyng (DPSK). Ny
chuong trnh do o b s cn thet cho nguon bang thng rng t CO nhu tr nguoc
chuong trnh FP-LD khng mu uoc m t trong phn truc 72.
so snh, cc e xuat trong 90, 91 chon thc hn h uu
d u o }nh dng ASK t mt ER quang u thap. e cp en hnh. 3,56, t
m ON, thay v mt b eu ben cung , mt chat bn dn phn x
khuech quang hoc uoc hung vo bo ha uoc su dng trc tep remoduate
PW
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ThG
"MV 1
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"MV
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ThG
"MV, "&ng6e7+48e bqng 6%ser
_"WI, bn 8n phan bG%ng -hGFch L& bG%ng hnc
Hnh 3.56 WDM-PON su dng phn cheu cc b khuech bn dn quang hoc khuech v
buc sng remoduate h uu mang tn hu h uu (ASK }nh dng) cho thuong nguon
truyen. (T T u tham kho 90)
...
...
...
...
I#Y
I#Y
ThG
I#Y
ThG
)hNn 1
140
buc sng h uu v d u nguoc v t mt ER quang hoc cao.
So v cc chuong trnh su dng b eu ben cung bn ngo, cng RSOA
cung cap khuech b p cho s mat mt chuyen vng quanh pht snh do vc
tu sn bay h uu, do c kh nang tang khong cch v phm v
mng. Ngo ra, kh xe vo bo ha, p bn
nh huong cua RSOA cho php eu che cua tn hu h uu uoc
n p 79. Tm quan trong cua s n p ph thuc rat nheu vo
ER cua tn hu h uu v cng vo sc mnh u vo t RSOA 90.
C ngha , neu tn hu h uu c ER cao v uoc ua vo RSOA t mt
n cao u vo, ER h uu cn s xuat hn nhu nhng ben ng trn
'' 1'' cap cc d u nguoc dng qua qu trnh remoduaton, do de-
phn o hu suat thuong uu t Cng ty TNHH Trong trung hop ny, cc demutpexer t
CO c th uoc ch cng huong tu cc gm ER h uu cn v
c thn hu suat thuong nguon 92. Hnh 3.57 cho thay ph quang
cua nguon aser DFB h uu t CO, trc tep eu che v
1,25 Gb / s d u NR. Ph quang cho thay on nht-chrp chem uu the
ac v ha nh n quan en'' 1'' v'' 0'' cap (12,1 GH
khong cch) cho t tuyt chung cua 6 dB. ac tnh d thng cua mt trong
cc cng u ra cua mt demutpexer tu cc v ch (A18.7 GH t
tn s trung tm) uoc at trn quang ph. Cc demutpexer do
b oc ra cc thnh phn quang ph n quan en mc '''' 1, do m gm
0
1 0
P.ng sGDt SG r% (8H+)
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
6 0
s:& &dG chF
)FG -h.ng c; &dG chF
0
1 cDp
5
sK 6Rch $MUO
8a& th.ng
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
1\0
MDt chn (8H)
0
7 0
1 6 0 1 2 0 8 0 4 00l0801(0
TSn s s%& 6Rch s4 J:& 19k,(0 TZx (YZx)
Hnh 3.57 Ph quang hoc cua on nht-u o nguon aser DFB trc tep eu che v
1,25 Gbps tn hu NR. Chong n ph ac tnh d thng cua ng tu
tvey ch cng huong (A18.7 GH) demutpexer. (T T u tham kho 92)
Tm tt
T3 T _O 1
WVT
!ee8er
s9&
T3 T _O )
ZL 6/G
8B 6&RG
_! (vs YZx)
141
DG n& 1
1
1
DG n& )
H%seb%n8 hL 6/G
pht h&Rn
I#Y
I#Y
!HY
Z s0 t3 c% !HY
1(k ....
V%ser
Th/9ng ngGn
pht h&Rn
M48
_)
M48
Th/9ng ngGn
8B 6&RG
Hnh 3.58 Chuong trnh t su dng buc sng WDM-PON su dng so a knh Bragg u
oc ra cc tu sn bay h uu cho remoduaton v d u nguon. (T T u tham kho 93)
s khc bt ga nang uong quang ph'' 0'' v'' 1'' cap cua h uu
tn hu, v c thn hu suat thuong nguon.
e n t su dng buc sng uoc e xuat gn y xem xt vc su dng
sng mang con phn bt ga cc tn hu h uu v thuong uu t
au n, trong n u tn uoc e xuat vo nam 1994. Trong 93-95, d u o }nh dng ASK
sng mang con ghp vo cc tu sn bay h uu t Cng ty TNHH T m ON, mt
th ng oc notch quang hoc uoc su dng oc ra cc tu sn bay h uu cho co so-
ban nhc remoduaton v d u nguon. Chnh xc cng mt notch quang th ng
b oc c th uoc su dng o tat c cc ONs neu n uoc thc hn bng cch su dng so a knh
Bragg u (xem hnh. 3,58) hoac mt gao thoa chm tr v ky sc-
ac tnh oc. Ngo ra, thay v su dng mt b oc o m ON, mt
chm tr gao thoa c th uoc su dng t nt t xa ong th tch
tat c cc hng quang h uu t sng mang con RF 95. So v 86
yu cu su dng thet b} n tu RF b sung cho phc ho d u trn RF
sng mang con, su dng b oc quang th ng tch cc sng mang con RF t
cc tu sn bay co so bang tn cho php pht hn co so bang tn su dng thng thung co so-
thu bang 93.
3.5 TOM TT
M trung truy cp mng ac bt nhy cm v s thay trong
vn v ch ph hot ng do ac trung cha s ch ph thap.
ngy, cng ngh quang hoc uoc pht trn gm vn tng th
v ch ph hot ng cho mng u, v mc tu t uoc d dng
c at, qun , nng cap, thn thn v khch hng, tn cy cao
142
cng nhu hu suat tt. Mt s trong nhng pht trn gn y v ang dn ra trong
khu vc nghn cu ny uoc xem xt trong chuong ny. Hn nay, hu het
mng truy nhp quang uoc trn kha da trn cc yeu t trung tm cua mt th ng
sptter n t nt t xa pht sng thng tn cho tat c cc thu bao.
Cng ngh PLC uoc c thn ng k hu suat cua quang n
sptter, cho php kch thuc nh chp, tn cy cao, v ch ph thap cho m cng uoc
t uoc. Khu vc mc tu cua nghn cu trong qu trnh sn xuat cua
kh mng xo v chp PLC, chu yeu gm tn that chn qua
xu gm ket n, v c thn cc mng xo v tch
t ong nhat. V cng ngh hn nay, c th t uoc tn that chn du tha
sptter PLC da trn 1-1,5 dB trn s mat mt cha thuyet tuong v
mt nonunformty cua vng 2 dB trong phm v quy }nh cua eu hnh sng
d t 1250 nm en 1625 nm.
Nhu cu ngy cng tang ve bang thng vuot ra ngo uoc cung cap bo
kh nang cha s cua cc mng truy nhp PON n cha hn t, s nhat thet-
state vc su dng WDM cung cap bang thng dnh rng cho cc thu bao. Mt
cng ngh quang hoc quan trong trong c mt ch ph trc tep mang ve vc trn kha
cua WDM-Pons AWG atherma. Nhu tho un, hot ng c atherma
t uoc bng cch su dng ha k thut, c th s ket hop cua hung dn mater-
as rng trn m h s nht quang m tnh v nht nguoc
ph thuc vo sca, v s ket hop cua mt en b-co ng
saton tam trong cau trc AWG. AWGs Atherma n en 40 knh t 100 /
Khong cch knh 200 GH hn nay thuong m c san v nhu xuyn m tt
hu suat (<30 dB), phn cc ph thuc vo tn that thap (<0,4 dB), v thap
mat chn (<2,0 dB cho o Gaussan d thng, %4.5 dB cho o bn can h
d thng), v nht n }nh trong mt phm v hot ng rng (<0,02 nm
t 0 8C 60 8C!.
S pht trn cua cng ngh quang hoc t trang web c at cua Modem c
cng uoc nhanh chng v vc g thu cc ket n un cong v gc cnh (cho
d dng v nhanh chng ket n v ngt ket n), v khch hng ch}u trong nh
so quang hoc. Trong s cc so quang m sca-cong-nsenstve
da trn so on mode v bn knh un 15 mm, dy cur quang da
trn cng ngh cp h tro v GI-POF. V GI-POF, cc
mat un uoc chng mnh d dng gm xung 0 dB, mac d n tc
cng vc hn ang tp trung vo vc gm s suy gm quang hoc cua n m vn cn trong
vuot qu 25 dB / km t buc sng 850 nm v 1300 nm. Pht trn cho so trong nh Insta-
atons, nhng so m cho php kh nang m h thng dy n quang v nh hot v
ket n ng tn cy, an ton, v c at sch hon v cc phn cong c
t b} snaggng v tnh cua khch hng.
S ga tang trong nghn cu cua au n cc my pht / cau hnh gm thu nven-
ch ph th dn en s pht trn cua ONs khng mu cho php cho hng ot
sn xuat v trn kha trn mng. Cc buc sng pht x cua
T u tham kho
143
m ON khng mu khng ac hu v uoc xc }nh bo cc thuc tnh oc
AWG trong nt t xa hoac buc sng cua mt nh sng tm / geo ht vo
cc ON. Trc tep eu che nguon quang bang thng rng nhu n LED, trong
uoc quang ph th t t AWG trong nt t xa, uoc e xuat nhu mt
hnh thc ONs khng mu. Do tc eu che vn thap cua cc
cc g php truc , g php thay the da trn tm kha FP-LDS v
RSOAs buc sng ht gng uoc e xuat. Cc buc sng pht x cua mt
tm kha FP-LD hoac mt RSOA buc sng ht gng s theo nhm ky cua ht gng
ng nh sng, c nguon gc t mt hep t nh sng t mt bang thng rng
nguon quang hoc nm o CO Gn y hon, cc chuong trnh m o b s cn thet ph
nguon bang thng rng tp trung uoc e xuat su dng t tm-kha
v cau hnh t geo ht m thung su dng mt thng tn phn ho quang eem-
ent trong nt t xa. Mat khc, cau hnh au n nguon mn ph c
uoc e xuat t su dng cc tu sn bay h uu quang gu t CO cho
eu che nguoc dng. gm thu nh huong cua eu che h uu
trn cc d u, cc chuong trnh khc nhau thuong nguon bao gom c vc p dng cc modu-khc
nhau
}nh dng aton cho truyen h uu v thuong uu, cng nhu vc su dng
sng mang con uoc e xuat.
C th hnh dung rng s ten b nhanh chng cua cng ngh quang hoc cho th ng
mng quang hoc s tep tc tang pha truc m bo ch ph cnh tranh
v cc cng ngh truy cp hn t. c, nhng ten b o trn-men-
khu vc nhc t gp phn ng k vo s thnh cng v s hap thu rng r
quyen c tch Pons, ac bt o cc nuc chu A, v vc trn kha cc
WDM-PON tuong a chng mnh m theo trong tuong a gn.
THAM KHO
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Trang ny c trng
Chuong 4
Thu pht cho th ng
Mng quang
Yongmao Frank Chang v Badr Gomatam
Vtesse Semconductor, Camaro, Caforna
4.1 GIOI THIE
Mng truy nhp quang nhn uoc s ch ng k tem
TIAL gm bt nhng hn che bang thng trong nhng dam cu cng 1-5. N c
uoc cng nhn mt cng ngh quan trong cho vc trn kha bang thng cao.
Gn y, ng chat xo-to-the-nh (FTTH) n du cc hnh thc khc nhau cua pas-
mng quang hoc passve (Pons) cu cng uoc thc hn o nheu nuc chu A.
uoc bet, c hon 100.000 thu bao FTTH m m thng
ch tnh rng trong Nht Bn. Cng ngh ny cng uoc nhanh chng thc y cc th} trung m o
Bc
M v chu Au, Trung ng v chu Ph (EMEA) khu vc 6.
Thu pht quang hoc cha kha truyen thng quang hoc k t kh ho thc hn cc
nhm v co bn cua chuyn tn hu quang hoc-to-n. Thu pht quang hoc
da vo vc su dng aser bn dn v thet b} d, ket hop v
mch tch hop (IC), v cng ngh bao b m cung cap ch ph
phuong tn hu qu truyen v nhn tn hu k thut s tuong t v hon
cp so quang.
Thu pht (truyen v nhn) uoc co ng k compon-
ENT cua ch ph trong cc mng FTTH. Cho cc h thng nhy cm ve g, c
p c to n pht trn ch ph thap, hu suat cao, v nh gon xuyn
cevers hot ng theo che h thng thc te. Chuong ny m t
cc kh xy dng, cng ngh n quan cua ho, nh g h thng, v
cc van e n quan en cc thet b} pht nhu vy v nhn, hoac ch on gn thu pht.
151
152
4.1.1 B cnh }ch su
S tang truong to n gn y trong uu uong IP nhan mnh cc tnh tet tang nang
ag kh nang truy cp mng, m cho'' dam cu cng'' nt c cha ga
khu vc }a phuong v h thng ung trc. Hm nay, ngu ta tn rng da trn ong
truy cp mng (modem cp v nheu o ung dy thu bao k thut s hoac
DSL) khng cung cap hoac bang thng t thu hoac yu cu truyen t n
khong cch son cho vc cung cap cc d}ch v tuong a cua gong n, d u v cc chuong trnh
vdeo
nhu IPTV v HDTV. g quyet van e ny, Pons uoc xc }nh mt
y ha hen, ch ph-hu qu, v g php truy cp tuong a an ton 1. Truy cp y u d}ch v
Mng PON c th cung cap gao thng vn t ggabt hu qu v chat uong m bo cua
D}ch v (OoS) cho khch hng 7, thng qua fber-to-the-premses/curb khc nhau /
nt / knh doanh / home / ngu su dng (FTTx) k}ch bn.
Ngy nay h thng PON uoc ph ben o chu A (Nht Bn v Hn Ouc). Tng s
s ngu su dng FTTH o mt mnh Nht Bn vuot qu 7 tru v ga tc
tc tang truong t trn 100.000 ngu su dng m thng. PON thu nhp
vo ga on ch ph thap v kh uong cao kh uong sn xuat. Dn ben m
cng ngh quang hoc, v kh nang tch hop nheu chc nang trong mt on
IC, c ha cho cc nhu cu k thut s v anaog, ha hung xe tep tc xung
ch ph.
Hnh 4.1 mnh hoa mt h thng PON n hnh, bao gom mt dy quang
thet b} u cu (OLT), nheu on v} mng quang hoc (ONs) v mt quang th ng
sptter ket n OLT en ONs. Theo hung h uu, cc OLT
chuong trnh pht sng g h uu n tc cho m ONs trong nam 1480 -
1
W)U 1
T$MI th/9ng ngGn (1k10 n+),
bGrst7+48e
1
k
(
WVT
(
W)U (
W)U k

W)U
07(0 -+
Hnh 4.1 Ken trc mng PON chung cho cc k}ch bn FTTx.
Th^& g&%n ba4 JR
k
Ph&% th ng
1
(
k

ZL 6/G (1l90 n+),
V&=n tc JK pht s;ng
G thu
153
D buc sng 1500 nm. Bo v m nt nhn ton b tn hu ban u,
m g h uu cha mt tu e xc }nh au n m nn
nhn uoc g tn. Gao thng h uu c th su dng m ha hn che m
au n g m ch c mt phn ngha v ph nhn uoc.
M ON uoc ong b ha v OLT bng cch chet xuat ong ho t
gao thng h uu. Mt s Pons c th uoc cau hnh thay bang thng aoca-
tons ONs c nhn trn bay, ty thuc vo nhu cu cua ngu su dng. eu ny cho php
tu sn bay tn dng tt hon cc h thng cua ho v cng cung cap ngu dng cao cap v hon
bang thng. Nhu g thch o Chuong. 2, mt s h thng su dng 1550-nm buc sng
cua s trong h uu cho CATV chuong trnh truyen hnh d}ch v p phu.
Cc kha cnh thch thc hon gao thng o thuong nguon, no m mt OLT thu thp
tat c uu uong thuong nguon t nheu ONs trong cua s 1310-nm trong mt'' a
pont-to-pont'' th trang. trnh va chm d u ga ONs, tang-
gao thng dng uoc qun bo mt phn cha th gan-a truy cp (TDMA) chuong trnh.
OLT phn b khe th gan truyen, tc Gates, cho m ON. Kh mt
ON nhn uoc frame Gate, au n s truyen MAC khung v
uoc tc trong cc khe th gan uoc phn b. Ton b h thng uoc synchron-
ho cc d u t ONs khc nhau s khng can thp v nhau. Nhu mt
Ket qu, cc OLT un nhn uoc mt dng bng pht cc g d u uoc phn cch bo mt s
bo v th gan m khng c tn hu uoc truyen bo bat ky au n.
4.1.2 PON Transcever ten ha
Chat xo vo mng truy cp xung quanh nhng nam 1990 1. Ban u, tc bt
thap hon so v 100 Mbps. Ny sau uoc nng cap n 150 Mbps v 600 Mbps
cng v h thng phn cap cua SDH. Chuong trnh ghp ban u uoc da
trn che chuyn khng ong b te bo (ATM), m sau ny uoc thay the bo Ether-
cc g tn mng. Thng s k thut tu chun u tn cua PON uoc thnh p nhu
Khuyen ngh} G.983 ot bo IT-T vo nam 1998 8. Gn nhu ong th,
h thng PON c p t 100 Mbps uoc pht trn v ua vo thuong m
su dng, mac d t cc khu vc hn che, nhu cc h thng hu qu ch ph.
Trong 3 hoac 4 nam qua, tc d u PON vuot qu 1 Gbps v IEEE
802.3 uy ban thnh p 802.3ah (EPON tu chun) trong thng 6 nam 2004 9. Nheu
cc nh kha thc t Nht Bn (ac bt NTT) g thu h thng tun thu cc
tu chun nhu ggabt Ethernet-PON (GE-PON) cho cc ng dng nh vc sn. Ve
ong th, IT-T G.984 thnh p hng ot cc tu chun G-PON n en
1,244 Gbps tc thuong nguon v n en 2,488 Gbps tc h uu 10. Ouang
thu tun thu cc tu chun uoc pht hnh bo chp v
cc nh cung cap m-un v pht trn hon na cua cc thet b} truyen dn quang trong
ph hop v thng s k thut uoc tu chun ha thc y rat nheu on xn FTTH-
vn hnh. M t ch tet cua ken trc PON khc nhau c th uoc tm thay trong Chap. 2.
154
4.2 Yu cu h thng PON
Cc ac tnh hu suat cua mt h thng TDM-PON thng thung
xc }nh bo bang thng trung chuyn n cung cap, hu qu bang thng cua n, sptter
t , v tm khc bt n h tro. Phn ny bn ve vt
thng s k thut v cc yu cu m p PON thu pht cn ph thc hn
v.
4.2.1 H thng PON Ngn sch n v Thng s k thut
Bng 4.1 t k cc t phn cha ngn sch v nang uong cho ba o PON. BPON
h tro 16 hoac 32 ONs v phn b bang thng nguoc dng nang ng 8. C ha
BPON v G-PON thng qua c ba p (A, B, C) cua IT-T G.982-quy }nh
ngn sch nang uong, tc 20, 25, v 30 dB ga OLT v ON mt. G-PON
nng cap BPON v tc d u cao hon uoc cha s bo 16-64 hoac thm ch 128 nt. Cua n
tc cao cho php tu sn bay cha bang thng phc v mt s uong n
ONs hon BPON, nhung cng gy p c cao hon trong ngn sch quyen c.
Cc tu chun IEEE 802.3ah }nh 10 km v 20 km truyen phn
tances 9, 11-13. Cc thng s k thut p vt uoc go
Bng 4.1
Ngn sch n PONm +
Lo phng v gao thc
BPON
T phn cha
32 max
Ngn sch nang uong
Mat knh (chb)
Ouang hoc A: 20 dB
Ouang hoc B: 25 dB
Lp C quang hoc: 30 dB
Mat knh (chb)
Ouang hoc A: 20 dB
Ouang hoc B: 25 dB
Lp C quang hoc: 30 dB
PX10 M: 23 dB
PX10 DS: 21 dB
PX20 M: 26 dB
PX20 DS: 26 dB
GPON
64 max
EPON
16 danh ngha
32 php
mt
b
Ngo ra cn ton t mt ngn sch BTH p trong nh vc trn kha. N nm ga
o B v C v mt mat mt tng th ga t thu 10 dB v t a
28 dB.
Phn tn v teng on n quan en con ung quang hoc hnh pht uoc quy }nh t hon
1 dB cho c BPON v G-PON.
Yu cu h thng PON
155
1000BASE-PX10 v 1000BASE-PX20. EPON h tro t nhat 16 cha tch so,
mt hu suat qu ranh g t thu ny chap nhn uoc v t a
PON cha t khng quy }nh r bo v n ph thuc vo tht h so n ket thc te
v kh nang p vt . Trong thc te, hu het EPONs uoc trn kha v mt 01:32
t phn cha, v mt s thu nghm thc hn cho 1:64 1:128 hoac thm ch t phn cha ty
thuc vo
ngn sch n ket c san v cau hnh so thc vt 14.
Ngn sch n ket quang hoc uoc xc }nh bo cc thnh phn hot ng cc nh cung cap c
nhn
-Laser, thu, v chp PON. Thet b} BPON truyen thng c thung
quang hoc B uoc su dng, nhung n xc }nh rng mt s cc mng PON cua
d truyen 20 km thc s ko d ngn sch g hn,
buc cc nh sn xuat thet b} hot ng tang ngn sch n ket en 26,5 dB.
Nhng ngn sch tang, cng v mt yu cu c th tang
t phn cha cua G-PON, dn en s ga tang ngn sch p B cho php mt
28 dB mat ngn sch do , vc thnh p BTH o quang hoc 15, 16.
V ng knh o A thung uoc ket hop v chat xo-to-the-e ung (FTTC) app-
caton, p B v BTH quang hoc cung cap ngy nay FTTP Pons v tm tt nhat
v cha t . Tuy nhn, bat chap s ga tang kh nang, p BTH
quang khng eo thang v mc g cao hon cua p C trong kh h tro
ngn sch mat PON tt hon, nh teng on thap xuyn tro khng IC, m ket qu
trong nhng c ten gn y trong s nhy cm nhn. Trong thc te, trn kha EPON-
ments cng BTH tuong uong ng knh vo t khon. Trong tuong a, tuy nhn,
s cn thet ph vn chuyn khong cch n hon (30 km hoac 40 km) v phn cha cao hon
t (1:128) cu cng c th buc cc nh sn xuat thet b} su dng p-C
quang hoc tuong uong.
4.2.2 Vt -Layer Thng s k thut
Thng s k thut chu yeu p vt c n quan en vt trung
ph thuc (PMD) p, trong bao gom b chuyn quang / n v ong ho
v phc ho d u (CDR). Lp vt qua uu uong truy cp d u t vt
trung bnh p 2 v nguoc . Lp PMD quy }nh c th cc my pht quang
v thu v n truyen t v cc g tr} nhy thu cho m
ngn sch nang uong v tc truyen t. g cho ch ph thu pht quang thap,
sua (FEC) cho php thc hn mt a chon, mac d o mt mat mt nhe
thng uong d u (Chap. 2).
Bng 4.2 tm tt cc tu chun IT-T G.983.2 BPON 8. K t kh G-PON
d ken s thay the BPON v g cao, yu cu cua n uoc thet p uoc
phn no ph hop v nhng ngu BPON 17-19.
Trong kh G-PON nhm mc ch cha cc d}ch v y u, EPON chu yeu nhm mc ch
truyen khung Ethernet. IT-T c gng c mt p vt chung
ac m k thut v EPON, nhung tnh ph ben cua cc ac m k thut khng hon ho
156
Bng 4.2
Tu chun IT-T G.983.3 BPON
Mat hng
Cng ngh
T bt (Mbps)
Buc sng (nm)
H uu
ATM v WDM
155/622
1,480-1,500
1,539-1,565
1,550-1,560
A3 7.5
A2.5 T"2
, 0.5 T"4
' 10
%1.8
28.5
28.5
31.5
' 72 ch s
Thuong nguon
ATM v WDM
155
1,260-1,360
1,260-1,360
1,260-1,360
7.5 0
5.5 T"2
A3.5 T"4
' 10
%5.8
28.5
31.5
34.5
' 72 ch s
Cng suat u ra (dBm)
Ban nhc co bn
Nng cao bang (op1)
Nng cao bang (op2)
Lp A
Lp B
Lp C
T tuyt chung (dB)
MLM Laser t a RMS
cheu rng (nm) (cho ban nhc co bn)
nhy thu (dBm)
Lp A
Lp B
Lp C
CID mn d}ch
v IEEE uoc xem xt su dng ch thu pht Ethernet.
Bng 4.3 so snh cc yu cu p vt cua IT-T G-PON v
Tu chun IEEE EPON 9, 10, 19.
4.2.3 Yu cu PON Burst-Mode Th gan
Truyen burst-mode trong h thng PON p at hung thuong nguon
yu cu nghm ngat ve th gan c ha ON v OLT. Hnh 4.2 cung cap mt
phc tho cua cc }nh ngha th gan cho p vt bt che thuong nguon
truyen t mt my pht au n v b thu OLT 19.
Truy cp thuong nguon nheu v hnh v ph che yu cu au n
my pht ph to ra tn hu bng pht th gan gated trong th gan uoc phn b
khe bo p MAC uoc gao. eu ny c ngha mc nang uong aser v tuyt chung
t ph uoc n }nh trong mt th gan ngn, v sau vn chua
thay truc kh khe th gan hon thnh. Trong cc khe th gan uoc phn b cho
ONs khc, mt my pht au n nn vn cn tt v khng ph gu
nh sng nguoc dng hoac thm ch teng on o mc thap. Neu khng eu ny s to ra cuc m
phn cho
v m phen cc d}ch v thuong nguon hot ng. eu ny h au n nhanh chng truyen-
chuyn ter, m ph bnh thung trong vng subnanosecond tang v gm th gan,
sau kh mt ket n u tn v mng n n hoac xung hoac n.
Yu cu h thng PON
Bng 4.3
Yu cu p vt cua tu chun IT-T G-PON v IEEE EPON
Mc
Lp MAC
Vu
Khung
Khong cch
Ch nhnh
T bt
FSAN / IT-T G-PON
D}ch v y u (Ethernet,
TDM, POTS)
Khung GEM
10/20 km (Logca: 60 km)
64 (Logca: 128)
Ln: 156 M, 622 M,
1,25 Gbt / s
Xung: 1,25 G, 2,5 Gbt / s
Tranh gnh NR
IEEE EPON
D u Ethernet
Khung Ethernet
10 / (20) km
16 hoac hon
1,25 Gbt / s (p v
Xung)
157
PHY p
Bang thng
La chon. mat
Buc sng
15/20/25 dB
Xung: 1480-1500 nm
Ln: 1260-1360 nm
(C san vdeo
tn hu p phu)
Nguoc dng th gan bng n Guard: 25,6 ns
L n u: 35,2 ns (n hnh)
Dau phn cch: 16.0 ns (n hnh)
1 ggabt / gy (8B10B
m ha)
15/20 dB
Xung: 1480-1500 nm
Ln: 1260-1360 nm
(C san vdeo
tn hu p phu)
Ln uot Laser on / off:
512 ns (t a)
Thet p v AGC
CDR kha: 400 ns (t a)
Tm , c ha yu cu co bn cho mt my pht au n.
Th nhat, nhanh chng chuyn v kho to rat quan trong trong t phn cha cao,
ac bt v phc ho nhanh chng cua uu uong truy cp sau mt that b mng m
ong th nh huong en mt s ONs. Th ha, theo d nhanh chm
n tr dt cng cn thet, quan trong truyen g d u d.
T} W)U3
T} W)U1
T3en%b6e
V^& n;& SG
)hKn r`&
Y;& !
Y
T.&
Y;&
T38&s%b6e
TV$, W!!
W)UT3
T W!!
WVT_3
T W)
TV_ TP_
Tt4t%6
Ph&dG 8K& -he
T$"_
T$V
jhe c5+ SG
Hnh 4.2 Lp vt burst-mode }nh ngha th gan. TON TX turn-on th gan Ng Tx
turn-off th gan TDSR Rx nang ng th gan phc ho nhy cm TLR Th gan phc ho mc Rx
TCR Th gan phc ho rx ong ho TDL Th gan phn cch Rx.
158
Ngu nhn OLT cn thet t uoc nhy cao (tc thap nhn
nang uong cho hot ng ), mt phm v rng v phn ng nhanh cho
d dng v nh hot trong trn kha mng. Nhu hnh. 4.1, m ON
c th c mt tn that truyen t rat khc nhau v OLT, ty thuc vo cch xa
n uoc tch ra t OLT. V vy, cc OLT c th nhn uoc tn hu bng pht trong nhanh
tep v cc ben th n tn hu cap v s khc bt ga on t bng n en
n. K}ch bn hu suat trung hop xau nhat xy ra kh mt v n yeu sau mt
mnh hoac nguoc 20. Ngu nhn OLT ph c mt phn ng nhanh
bn dao ng v th gan g quyet ngn, tc mt hot ng burst-mode
nhanh chng kh phc tn hu bng pht.
Bng 4.4 tm tt cc thng s k thut th gan burst-mode cho BPON,
G-PON, v EPON. Nhu th hn, c ha BPON v G-PON da vo rat nghm ngat
yu cu ong b ha. Trong BPON, mt khung thuong nguon gom 53 th gan
khe cm, gom 3 byte p vt phn mo u (PLP) v 1-byte theo chu ky
d phng km tra (CRC) trong ch ph 21. Kh ha khe th gan n tep
uoc trao cho ONs khc nhau, nhng 4 byte, tuong uong khong 205,8 ns, cua
trn khng ph u v hu ha cc ta aser trong cc au n u tn, bt
aser trong au n th ha, v thc hn tang thu v ong ho resynchron-
aton t OLT.
G-PON quy }nh c th cc thng s tuong t nhu th gan chat ch 19. V d, trong G-PON
v t 1,244 Gbps, th gan bo v 32-bt (25,6 ns) uoc phn b cho aser trn v
aser , 44-bt mo u n (35,4 ns) uoc phn b trong cc nguyn cn thet cho
gnh quyen km sot v phc ho ong ho. Bng 4.5 t k ch tet k thut quan trong cua p B
Bng 4.4
G-PON v EPON bt che th gan so snh
Thuong nguon
D u
t (Mbps)
155,52
622,08
1,244.16
(2,488.32)
Tng
(Gpd)
(Bt)
32
64
96 (77,2 ns)
192
Tagc (ns)
Nhn AGC
thet p
400
400
L n u
th gan (Tp)
(Bt)
10 (64 ns)
28 (44,8 ns)
44 (35,2 ns)
108 (43,2 ns)
Dau phn cch
th gan (Td)
(Bt)
16
20
20
20
Tx Enabe
(Bt)
2
8
16 (12,9 ns)
32
Tx V hu ho
(Bt)
2
8
16 (12,9 ns)
32
Th gan bo v
(Tg) (bt)
6
16
32
64
Tu chun
EPON
PX10
PX20
Tx Enabe
(Ns)
512
512
Tx V hu ho
(Ns)
512
512
Tcdr (ns)
CDR kha
Tcga (bt)
Nhm m
su sap hang
32
32
Yu cu h thng PON
Bng 4.5
Thng s PMD chnh cua G-PON p B 1,244 Gbps thuong nguon 10, 20
Mat hng
on v
So on
159
T bt
Buc sng
ODNb
C ngha quyen c ua ra
T a cho php Tx
T a Tx v hu ha
T tuyt chung
nhy t thu
Tnh trng qu t t thu
Tnh trng qu t t thu
RX phm v hot ng
RX phm v hot ng v PLM
Ln tep ch s gng ht nhau mn d}ch
Cheu d trn khng
Th gan bo v
mt
b
c
d
Mbt / s
nm
dB
dBm
bt
bt
dB
dBm
dBm
dBm
dB
dB
bt
byte
byte
au n TX (gao dn quang Oru)mt
1,244.16
1,260-1,360
Lp B: suy gm phm v 10-25
pht A2, max T"3
16
16
' 10
OLT RX (gao dn quang Ou)mt
A28 @ BER 10A10
A7
A13c
21d
15
Hon 72
12
4
Gao dn quang Oru v Ou uoc quy }nh trong IT-T G.983.1.
Mng u phn ph quang (ODN), cass A: 5-20 dB, ODN p C: 15-30 dB.
Su dng co che quyen c san ap mat bng (PLM) t au n my pht.
Trong c 1 dB pht quang trong ODN cho trung hop xau nhat.
G-PON PMD p theo hung thuong nguon theo quy }nh t IT-T khuyen-
tng G984.2 10.
Trong nheu trung hop, phm v hot ng cua cc tn hu en t ONs khc nhau
h mt th gan d nhn g quyet hon so v th gan bo v uoc phn b. gm
phm v eu chnh tang cn thet, BPON v G-PON thc hn mt quyen c
co che san ap mat bng (PLM), trong OLT ch th} ONs c nhn
eu chnh quyen hn cua mnh truyen t cc mc tn hu nhn uoc bo OLT
t ONs khc nhau uoc ng u.
V o ch cua s hon chnh, Bng 4.6 t k cc gao dn PMD quang hoc chnh
cc thng s cng nhu th gan v tn hu cc van e trong tng s 20 km EPON p vt
thng s k thut thuong nguon.
1. Fabry-Perot (F-P) aser uoc g }nh. Cc cho php t a RMS dng quang ph
cheu rng uoc t k trong Bng 802.3ah 60,4 9.
2. Mng u phn ph quang (ODN) PX10: 0,5-10 km 5-20 dB. PX20: 0.5-
20 km 10-24 dB.
3. Bao gom c hnh pht phn tn mu uoc d ken s uoc du y
1,5 dB kh tat c cc thng s n ket ong th g tr} o trung hop xau nhat. Cc
160
Bng 4.6
Thng s PMD chnh cua IEEE 802.3ah EPON 20 km 1,25 Gbps thuong nguon 9, 22
M t
on v
So on
au n Tx (gao dn quang hoc TP2)
1,25
1,260-1,360
pht A1- max T"4
' #
' 0.22
512
512
1.8
ODN ung n: 0,5 m en 20 km (b)
pht 10, t a 24
OLT Rx (gao dn quang hoc TP3)
1EA12
max A#
%A27
2#.2
A45
%24.4
%400
' 21
Tc bt
Khong buc sng trung tm (a)
n auchng trung bnh
T tuyt chung
Tung ra OMA
Max Tx cho php
Max Tx v hu ha
T a TDP
Phm v suy gm
BER
n Rx trung bnh
Max Rx nhy cm (c)
nhy t a trong OMA
Tn hu pht hn ngung
Cang thng Rx nhy cm
Trecever_settng
Rx phm v hot ng (d)
GBD
nm
dBm
dB
dBm
ns
ns
dB
dB
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
ns
dB
hnh pht phn tn sc mt thnh phn cua truyen v phn tn
hnh pht (TDP).
4. Rx phm v hot ng cn uoc go n snh / mem.
N nn uoc e cp rng EPON su dng phuong php khc nhau a chon vt
p th gan tham s. Ban u trong 802.3ah c IEEE nhm v, mt s
a chon thay the cho n che ac m k thut th gan uoc xem xt,
trong c e ngh} su dng rat ngn aser trn, aser-off, AGC, v CDR
t }nh cu n, tuong t nhu cc thng s k thut G-PON. Sau kh phn tch su
v cc cuc tranh un, IEEE 802.3ah tu chun thng s th gan tho m, v quy }nh
cc thng s sau: aser vo th gan 512 ns, th gan aser tt cua 512 ns,
v nhn th gan g quyet khng qu 400 ns (thuong uong). L do
cc ONs, thet b} hng ot trn kha, ph on gn v khng tn km nhu
c th. V vy, cc thnh phn PMD nn c nang suat cao (trong s gm
ch ph), v khng nn u quyen thc hn cc gao dn k thut s,
neu khng s bt buc neu ONs uoc yu cu thuong uong ta aser on / off
n. Thet b} OLT c th tn km hon kh ch c mt thet b} duy nhat uoc su dng
m mng EPON. Do , OLT uoc php m phn v eu chnh cua n
cc thng s thu nhu th gan nhn g quyet.
Cng ngh thu pht
161
Th gan ch ra rng ac m k thut vt tho m cua EPON to eu kn cua n
trn kha rng r. C rat nheu nh cung cap cho quang EPON. Bnh-
qu hot ng v nang suat cua my thu pht EPON ang ga tang trong kh ch ph de-
nhan. ong th, cc nh cung cap cua G-PON thu pht ang au tranh v
cc yu cu quang hoc h nheu hon ve cc ac m k thut IT-T 14, 23, 24.
Cc thng s th gan tht chat hon v phm v hot ng rng n hon m cho G-PON
bt che n tu k thut nheu thch thc hon BPON v EPON cua ho
cc tc. Cho en nay ch c mt v G-PON 1,244 Gbps chpset OLT o thuong nguon
thuong m c san. Tuy nhn, PON mt a chon cng ngh mnh m cho
p ng nhu cu cua khch hng v bang thng cao. Trong kh h thng G-PON
c san vo u nam 2006, cc nh kha thc FSAN s ong thun ve chnh G-PON yu cu-
trn cc thet b} uoc to eu kn 2006 G-PON c san t nheu nh cung cap
v san sng cho vc trn kha o Bc M bt u vo u nam 2007.
4.3 TECHNOLOGIES TRANSCEIVER
Thu pht quang hoc uoc phn o theo cc buc sng, tc d u, t, ng g-
o ha cc o, gao dn n v quang hoc, nht dao ng, vv
sn xuat sau mt qu trnh t ng knh r rc subassemby quang
v chp tch hop m-un p rp v thu nghm. Hnh 4.3 cho thay khc nhau
thu pht quang hoc ang uoc su dng v cc h thng truy nhp quang. Thng thung
cng ngh thu pht da trn chp quang n tu r rc, thnh phn,
v cp ong trc ng g 19 vn ng c chnh trong ngnh cng nghp. Cao
ch ph thu pht mt trong nhng ro cn n trn kha hng ot.
PON cc thet b} thu pht ha cheu su dng cc buc sng khc nhau
truyen v nhn tn hu ga mt OLT t mt van phng trung tm (CO) v
ONTs t co so ngu dng cu. Hn nay c ha o tu chun cua trans-
cevers: cc dpexer v thu pht trpexer, tuong ng. Cho dpexer
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162
thu pht, cc buc sng uoc ch }nh ph hop v ngnh cng nghp c
ARDS, c th , buc sng 1310 nm cho thuong nguon v 1490 nm cho vng h uu
buc sng. Cho thu trpexer, cc buc sng 1550 nm uoc phn b
cho tuong t pht sng vdeo p phu theo hung h uu (Chap. 2). N
Cng c th tn hu vdeo k thut s uoc thc hn trn h uu 1490-nm
buc sng su dng vdeo trn cng ngh IP.
Thng qua nhanh chng cua FTTH, eu quan trong gm ch ph cua quang
thu pht. ac bt, ch ph h thng PON tng th trong hon v
cc au n, nhu ch ph OLT uoc cha s ga s uong ngu dng FTTH. V vy, cc
au n thu pht nn mc tu chnh gm ch ph bat c kh no c th.
Tm , nhng thch thc cng ngh trong thu pht quang hoc cho PON
h thng ton t trong cc nh vc sau:
.Cao sn uong quang n v nhy cao OLT t CO b p
cc khon uoc g thu bo cc sptter quang hoc v cc so truyen
ket n co so thu bao.
.Bt che cng ngh truyen dn quang hoc cho cc n ket nguoc dng.
.ng g hu qu ch ph cua cc thet b} quang hoc.
.Tch hop nheu chc nang k thut s v tuong t thnh mt v mch duy nhat.
4.3.1 Thu Xy Dng
Hnh 4.4 mnh hoa cc kh xy dng chc nang thu pht trong PON
eu khon cua chpset p vt cho c ha n tc che v bt che
hot ng 20, 22. y cng co so pht PON khc nhau, thu,
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Hnh 4.4 Kh chc nang tnh nang cua my thu pht quang hoc cho thay c ha pha h uu v
hung thuong nguon. Theo hung thuong nguon, mt my pht au n bao gom mt che chp
trnh eu khn aser (BM-LDD), v mt ta aser FP o dng subassemby quang truyen (Tosa) cc
Thu OLT bao gom mt m PIN hoac st o photodode (PIN hoac APD), BM-trans-tro khng
(BM-TIA) ROSA (nhn subassemby quang hoc), mt hn che sau khuech (post-amp) v mt
bt che ong ho / phc ho d u (BM-CDR) on v}.
Cng ngh thu pht
163
v h thng con. Pha au n bao gom mt my thu h uu (Rx) v mt
pht thuong nguon (Tx), trong kh pha OLT bao gom mt Tx v h uu
mt my thu thuong nguon Rx. Thuong nguon Tx cha mt trnh eu khn ta aser BM (BM-LDD)
v aser FP trong Tosa truyen subassemby quang (Tosa) hnh thc. Cc
thuong nguon Rx c cha mt m PIN hoac APD / TIA trong nhn subassemby quang
(ROSA) }nh dng, mt b khuech hn che (sau amp) v s bng n che ong ho / d u
phc ho (BM-CDR) on v}. v c ha ON v OLT, my pht v
phn thu uoc ket hop vo mt so quang duy nhat mac d mt buc sng
cha-ghp knh (WDM) couper.
Ba chp burst-mode uoc xc }nh enabers chnh cho PON thuong nguon
bt che truyen dn: mt BM-LDD v nhanh v chnh xc mc nang uong uoc xy
tro, nhy cao v PIN phm v rng hoac APD / TIA v thu
front-end sau amp v BM-CDR cho phc ho nhanh chng cua tn hu d u nhn uoc.
Nhng chpset PON b phn quan trong v thch thc k thut t uoc
hu nang h thng t uu.
Xem xt hnh. 4,4 trong mt cch khc, cc kh thu pht c th uoc nhm
thnh ha kh chnh, mt trong nhng kh quang hoc v khc kh n
25. Kh quang hoc bao gom ha TO-CAN-o LD v PD (Hnh 4.7),
mt b oc WDM v mt v km o, m cng uoc go quang hoc ha cheu
subassemby (BOSA), v n ph ben m nhng thet b} ny uoc p rp v thu nghm
hon ton. B oc WDM 45 nghng chm nh sng t
n c th rng bt (hoac ket hop) thuong nguon (1310 nm) v h uu (1490 nm
hoac 1550 nm) tn hu (Hnh 4.9). Kh n tu bao gom anaog b phn gng hnh a cap
IC. C xu hung tch hop n tc hn che sau khuech v
trnh eu khn ta aser bt che trn mt v mch duy nhat. H nhp cap cao hon s
ket hop cc CDR v SerDes (seraer / deseraer) chc nang v PON
Xu MAC.
4.3.2 Pht quang v nhn thet b}
Thet b} pht quang thung bao gom phn ph thng tn phn ho (DFB) hoac
F-P ta aser t 26-28. DFB aser c kh nang snge-mode aser v
gp cua mt u phn ph trn cc khu vc hot ng. DFB aser trn m cao
hu qu trn mt phm v nht rng, cau trc thet b} ny ac bt
hu ch cho cc h thng PON ac bt o pha OLT. DFB aser (thung
m mt) c thm mt ngung thap hn nay, mt phm v nht hot ng rng,
mt mat che n p t cao (40 dB n hnh), v p ng tc cao
(0.12-ns tang v gm th gan, 20-80).
FP aser uoc su dng gm ch ph cua m-un quang ac bt trn
Bn au n. Cho cc h thng PON, k t kh pht au n cng cn cao-quang
sn uong n ( nhn m PIN r hon v t nhy cm c th uoc su dng o
164
OLT), cng suat u ra cua aser FP c th cao hon so v DFB.
tang sn uong n quang phng t mat truc cua aser,
thet ke bng aser FP c th uoc t uu ha m khng cn su dng mt y v mt
hu qu cua 0,45 W / A c th t uoc v mt nguon cng suat quang t 20 mW
25 8C. n dung cua thet b} c th uoc t uu ha cho php tc cao
eu che 1,25 Gbps. Hnh 4.5 cho thay ung cong L-I cua DFB n hnh v
F-P aser, tuong ng.
Cao nhy thc dode tch sng quang (APDs) uoc su dng trong my thu quang
t OLTs v ONs thung uoc trang b} v nguon quang n nang thap hon
km sot ch ph. Kh mt APD c thnh ken gn n p phn tch cua mnh,
khuech quang n xy ra, m cho n c th c uoc tt hon
nhy quang. Thng thung, InGaAs d uoc thng qua v u
bo ng trong phm v buc sng t 1,0 mm 1,6 mm cho s hap thu
khu vc v mt cau trc phng InGaAs-InP uoc su dng m p dng cho InP
khu vc st o. Mt APD n hnh cho cc ng dng ggabt PON c mt hot ng
ung knh khong 35 mm, bo ng cua 0.9A / W o buc sng 1310 nm v
mt bang tn 2,5 GH. Hnh 4.6 cho thay ung cong V-I nhu mt
APD. S c n p khong 60 V, v mt yeu t nhn cua 10 hoac
n hon o mt quang n s c 0.3 m. c th t uoc.
Hn nay, pht quang v nhn cc thet b} vn cn da vo c p TO-
Lon hoac da trn bao b ong trc 27. TO k thut ng g thc hn
ng k ten trn gn y. Cc k thut ng g uoc rt ra
hon v nheu hon na s ch v my pht v my thu do hap dn cua ho
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Hnh 4.6 APD V-I ung cong v yeu t nhn.
o the ve ch ph thap, kch thuc nh, v d su dng. TO ta aser m-un
su dng rng r thay v m-un aser bum trong truyen tc cao, xuyn
cevers, b thu, nh v yeu t hnh thc (SFF) m-un.
Hnh 4.7 (a) cho thay TO-CAN g aser DFB. Cc ph cu
ng knh gp bn t uoc mt hu qu cch y quang tuyt v cua khong 65.
Mt bc nh mn hnh dode (PD) uoc gn o mat sau cua DFB aser
pht hn nguon cng suat quang t aser DFB v km sot ta aser DFB
g sc mnh n tc sn uong quang hoc trong trung hop nht ta aser
thay . Mt y quang hoc uoc su dng ngan chan teng on to ra do
thng tn phn ho quang. Kch thuc v ch ph cua cch y quang hoc uoc gm
p n vo cu u vo quang hoc cua so quang no ung knh cua
chm phng t DFB aser tro nn t thu.
Hnh 4.7 (b) cho thay TO-CAN cau trc cua mt APD v preampfer
IC nhng. V APD c ung knh hot ng n, mt khp n quang hoc
hu qu gn nhu 100 c th t uoc v n ket quang hoc on gn com-
so v mt dode aser (LD).
Mt thet b} quang hoc quan trong couper WDM hnh. 4.4,
mt thnh phn quang hoc v s uong n da trn p phu can thp nheu
(Loc mng mng) cng ngh. Chc nang cua n tch thuong nguon v xung
dng tn hu trong mt h thng PON. Thng thung, cc b oc WDM uoc gu
n trn chat nen nhu mt tam knh, ct thnh hnh vung chp v kch thuc cua mt s
mm, v uoc at trn mt subassemby quang hoc (OSA) (Hnh 4.8). Mt m
cng ngh gn y uoc bo co 29, theo mt b oc WDM uoc ng ong trn cc
kha cnh cua mt so nh bng o gc 30 trc tep gm thu cc b oc
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Hnh 4.7 So o cau trc bao b TO-CAN cho DFB (a) v APD (b). Cua ho
hnh nh uoc hn th} trn bn ph.
kch thuc. Bng cch ny, cc b oc WDM, chem phn chu yeu cua
Ch ph OSA, uoc thc hn on gn bng qu trnh p rp chat xo trong mt g.
So khp n v cc LD uoc thc hn trong rnh omega trong nha
c bng mng-khp n mt so nh bng o 30 . Hnh 4.8 cho thay
buc sng truyen ac trung quang ph v mt bc nh cua WDM
b oc hnh thnh cua cc kha cnh chat xo. N cung cap 20 dB c p ga t a
buc sng 1360 nm trong ban nhc thuong uu v cc buc sng t thu
1480 nm trong ban nhc h uu. Hon na, t uoc c thap
n chuyn qua t my pht buc sng 1310 nm, v c p cao ga
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b oc hnh thnh trn mt kha cnh chat xo 29. Ha ung cong dn cho ha phn cc nh sng khc nhau.
Cng ngh thu pht
167
nh sng k thut s o h nguon v tn hu vdeo h uu cua 1550 nm en
yu cu 40 dB hoac nheu hon, mt b oc bang qua v mt ban nhc qua 1480 nm en
1500 nm c th uoc p o pha truc cua PD ngo cc b oc so ket thc.
4.3.3 Ha cheu quang Subassemby (BOSA)
Cc subassemby quang ha cheu (BOSA) chem mt phn n
tng ch ph cua PON thu pht rng cua mnh. Cng ngh uong nhm su dng cho
pht trn BOSA ngy nay uoc da trn cng ngh p rp s uong n-quang su dng
b oc mng mng (TFFs) 30-33, m da vo r rc TO-CAN ng g
cc thnh phn.
By g cng ngh ny ang mat v cnh tranh gay gt t m nng cao cng ngh
nooges da trn mch tch hop cao phng LghtWave (PLC) v t ng
p rp ng gao ph 34-39. Mt trong nhng thch thc ph mat v s uong n quang TFF
cng ngh dpexer / trpexer s n ket cua aser, my d, v b oc
thung h mt qu trnh hot ng, trong tat c cc thnh phn ph uoc h tro n
kh p rp. Ny thm phc tp v ch ph. Tuy nhn, PLC, v n
ha p rp th ng, nang suat v ch ph tt hon, tep tc thch thc ny
cng ngh thng thung.
4.3.3.1 Buk-quang Technoogy h
Thng thung ha-TO-CAN-o BOSA bao gom mt LD CAN, mt PD CAN,
v mt b oc WDM. Trong ha-TO-CAN-o cau hnh BOSA ny, LD v PD
ang tch cc n ket v mt SMF c p. Ln ket ha buc ny pro-
cess tn th gan v m cho cc BOSA tn km.
Do , mt cch tep cn gm ch ph on gn ha qu trnh p rp bo
thc hn cc chc nang BOSA thnh mt on TO-CO TH g 30-33. C
trn LD v PD chet uoc tch hop vo chp BOSA su dng mt be mat-mount
mcroens scon trn chat nen scon. Ny on TO-CAN-o BOSA gm
tng s uong nh kn v ch ph mt phn tuong ng so v trad-
tona ha-TO-CAN g. Mt n duy nhat n ket hot ng ga cc BOSA
chp v mt SMF bt buc. Ou trnh n ket on gn ha ny ch ph khc
o the.
Hnh 4.9 cho thay so o h thng quang hoc cua mt g BOSA. Cc
n ket chnh xc cua cc mcroens S trn be mat uoc thc hn bo th chat
n h v mcroens p trn S V-rnh (khng uoc hn th} trong hnh v).
Anh sng pht ra (1310 nm) t chp LD uoc chun trc bo mt S gn
mcroens. Chm ta chun trc qua b oc WDM v tp trung
vo SMF bo ng knh bng bn ngo trn np nm phong. H uu
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Hnh 4.9 BOSA so o cho ba buc sng da trn cng ngh mng mng.
chm ta quang hoc cua nam 1490 nm t SMF uoc chun trc bo ng knh bng, v
th hn qua cc b oc WDM. Chp PD uoc at trn chat nen scon
hung xung du. Chm ta chun trc tp trung bo mt off-trc S v
ng knh v chuyn hung en chp PD trn cua guong o kha cnh ket thc
V-rnh. Chp BOSA uoc mo rng en mt trpexer bng cch thm mt WDM th ha
b oc, mt mcroens S th ba, v mt PD th ha cho cc tn hu vdeo.
Cc BOSA TO-CAN c th uoc che to u nh ph hop v mt cng uc
te SFF g thu pht. Trong vc pht trn mt BOSA nh gon nhu vy, ha eu
ph uoc ua vo t khon. Che to v v} tr ch ch tet cua
b phn quang hoc c th gy ra s thay tng th hu qu khp n. y com-
pensated bo qu trnh n ket hot ng duy nhat. Ong knh bng trn np nm phong
phc v nhu mt ng knh hnh nh ga LD v SMF, v SMF v PD. Ny uoc cha s
cau hnh ng knh hnh nh v cc b phn chnh xc n ket da trn be mat
cng ngh gn ket (SMT) nhn ra mt n LD v PD ung dn quang hoc n ket
bng cch chu ng theo d sn uong n LD vo SMF m khng cn gm st
PD hn t.
Xem xt khc cham sc tuyt v cua cuc m phn cho quang hoc v n tu
ga truyen v nhn. ngan chan n chuyn qua quang hoc, mt TO-CAN
np ng knh bng uoc che to c be mat bn trong uoc ket thc v phn x thap
p phu. Pht th LD t kha cnh pha sau s uoc hap th bo be mat gn ket
theo d PD trn mt chat nen S. Kh PD mn hnh khng uoc su dng bo LD xe
mch, ua nha mu en o mat sau-kha cnh hu qu hap th phn tn
nh sng. Cho qua n n chuyn, gao pn cua mt BOSA nhu vy c th khng
hon ho, bo v cc chn cho truyen v nhn uoc n ket song song.
Nhung, nhng chn c th uoc ngan cch bo p at trong bng mch
n chuyn qua n c th b} dp tt mt cch hu qu. ngan chan cho n
n chuyn bn trong BOSA, ung dy n ket cua LD pn, preampfer pn, v
PD preampfer uoc thet ke m cho mt gc v nhau v nhu xa mt
tch cng tt. Hnh 4.10 th hn mt BOSA trong TO-CAN v xe
Cng ngh thu pht
169
Hnh 4.10 Cc BOSA trong TO-CO TH g v xe mch 32.
mch 32. nhy my thu t thu uoc tm thay 28.5 dBm t mt cht-
t cua 10A12, rat tt. Ch ph thet ke BOSA ny gm
bng cch gm mt phn s su dng v on gn ha qu trnh p rp.
4.3.3.2 Panar Lghtwave mch (PLC)
PLC chu e cua hot ng R & D trong nheu nam 40. PLC
che to v cng ngh che ben cng su dng m IC n tu.
Khng gng nhu cc h ong s uong n-quang truyen thng, no m nh sng uoc hung dn qua
mt ot cc
ng knh v b oc trong khng gan t do, trong cch tep cn PLC, tn hu quang qua
ng dn sng trn mt chp, nheu trong cng mt cch tn hu n uoc chuyn qua
mt v mch n tu. V ha ny, PLC hn nay ang n n cnh tranh v
s uong n-quang trong dpexers BOSA v trpxers cho FTTH 34.
Thnh phn PLC truyen thng uoc su dng rng r che to dn trn
ng dn sng u (AWG) v cc thet b} tch quang 40. Mac d AWGs
chng mnh mnh trong cc ng dng DWDM h mt s uong n
buc sng khong cch chat ch, AWGs thng thung th hn mnh kh
khng ph hop cho cc ng dng FTTH. Kch thuc chp n cua mt AWG m cho n
tn km cho cc ng dng FTTH, v phm v mn ph-quang ph cua mt
AWG thung qu nh trang tr cc khong buc sng PON y u (1260 -
1565 nm). Nhng theu st h s pht trn cua b oc PLC m
cng ngh, chng hn nhu cch tu cu phn tn 35.
N chung, c ha o cnh tranh cua PLC phuong php tep cn cho FTTH
th} trung: PLC bn ngo b oc v PLC nhng oc nhu nhng ngu
Lu cu tnh nang phn tn 35.
Trong PLC bn ngo b oc, chp cha ng dn sng ch }nh tuyen nh sng
en cc b phn khc nhau cua chp, v khng c nhng buc sng oc th
kh nang (xem hnh. 4.11). Thay vo , h su uoc khc vo chp, vo m
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Hnh 4.11 Cau hnh mch quang v cc b oc bn ngo.
TFFs uoc gm chnh xc, n ket, v ngo quan t ch. Cc TFFs thc hn
tat c cc chc nang WDM tch / ket hop cc buc sng. Ve bn chat,
Nen tng PLC hot ng nhu mt cng ngh bao b m on gn ha s n ket
v p rp TFFs. Cch tep cn ny, cng v mt phuong tn hu qu
gn aser v thet b} d n cng mt chp, cung cap mt s uong n
cch tep cn sn xuat chp thu pht FTTH.
Hnh 4.11 cho thay mt cau hnh mch quang v cc b oc bn ngo 42.
N bao gom mt mch WDM trn mt chat nen PLC v mt b oc phm n m mng
c at trong mt cross-ch nhnh mch ng dn sng quang hoc. Ngo ra chp trn cua mt
Pht 1310-nm LD v 1550 nm nhn PD uoc at trn dn
mat cua chat nen t nh sng Vonk t LD c th uoc ngan chan
xm nhp vo PD bng cch at mt b oc WDM ga chng. M (mt
yeu t hnh thc nh n) ferrue uoc ket n v PLC v mt so ngn
c }nh trong mt V-groove che to trn be mat. LD, PD, v M ferrue
gn trn be mat PLC ch on gn t trn cao v eu ny ph hop v kh uong
sn xuat. Chet trn hoac IC v chat nen PLC uoc at trn mt n
bng mch (PCB) uoc thet ke c p cc LD v PD n v do
Cng ngh thu pht
171
t uoc tch hop nh gon. Cng ngh ny uoc p dng cho mt Gbps so on
M-un SFP.
Bn ngo b oc cng ngh PLC ny truong thnh trong nhng nam gn y, v cc sn phm
da trn cch tep cn hn nay thung c san. Tuy nhn, thch thc chnh
trong ken trc ny vn cn nang suat, v do ch ph. Mac d n ket th ng trong
Cch tep cn ny gp on gn ho qu trnh p rp, LD v PD chp uoc su dng c xu hung
tn km v cau trc ty chnh uoc yu cu cho cc khp n quang hoc hu qu v
ng dn sng. Do cch tep cn da trn ng dn sng ny vn cn c van e ch ph cua n
cau trc. Nhng oc PLC phuong php tep cn c tch hop cap tep theo
nhng cng ngh buc sng oc 35, 43 trc tep vo chp quang hoc.
Cng ngh oc tn ten WDM, chng hn nhu cch tu Bragg (nhu hnh. 4.12),
c th uoc che to trn chp chnh n bng cch ket hop thnh cc buc xu thung xuyn
sn xuat wafer. eu ny gp o b s cn thet cho bat ky TFFs bn ngo, rat nheu
on gn ha p rp v ng g cc buc tep theo. Ket qu mt cao
thet ke tch hop PLC m khng cn ng knh bn ngo hoac b oc cua o no. Thap
ch ph v hu qu cao cua phuong php ny s phc tp rat nheu bo thc te tat c
chp uoc thc hn trong mt hnh thc wafer, no mt tam wafer scon 6-nch c th cha hon
500 trpexers da trn phn tn Cu Sn u 34.
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so o kh nm (du) cua mt trpexer su dng cau trc ny 43.
172
4.3.4 PON Transcever Modue
PON thu pht vn dn cho mt khu vc rat tch cc trong nghn cu cng nghp v
pht trn do cc co h th} trung rat n. V PON pont-to-
tnh chat a m, PON bt che thu pht ph mat v nheu c o char-
acterstcs p ng yu cu. Mac d quan tm rng r, vn cn khng
tha thun a nguon PON thu pht c n quan (MSA) uoc xc }nh h tro ny
ng dng. Cc nh cung cap m-un quang hoc bnh thung cng tc v cc nh cung cap h thng
trn co so tng trung hop c th trong thng s k thut cho cc h thng khc nhau. V
nh huong EPON, SFF v SFP MSA 44 t uoc mt s ph ben, trong kh khc
cc yeu t hnh thc nhu GBIC 45 v thet ke c quyen trpexer vn cn ton t cho eu ny
ng dng 46.
T kh nang tuong thch h thng v c th dng quan m EPON / G-PON,
modue thu pht c th uoc cha thnh cc kh BOSA, subassemby n
(ESA), nh o v qun nht. Cc m-un BOSA ph p ng xuyn
quang n mtter, v nhy thu, vv cn nhc ve pha ESA
bao gom bt che vt phuong tn truyen thng ph thuc (PMD) hu suat xe,
tn hu eu khn h thng chap nhn uoc, nhy thu cao, v sc mnh thu
phm v hot ng. Nhng tc ng cross-tak ga my pht v my thu mch
cng cn ph uoc km tra. Mt kha cnh quan trong nhat cc mc km tra c th
chng hn nhu pht ON / OFF v th gan nhn th gan g quyet. N c tm quan trong chu cht
cho thet ke h thng duy tr hu nang h thng v su dng h thng d u chuyn nghp
kh nang cessng. Ve pha co kh, nheu van e quan trong cn uoc xem xt,
chng hn nhu nht, EMI, nht , hu ng m, vv
Hnh 4.13 mt so o kh guong mu v bc nh cua mt dpexer
modue thu pht uoc pht trn su dng au n. K t kh thu pht ON mod-
LE uoc ket hop trong b my ONT p at t mt thu bao
ten e, n uoc thet ke ph hop v cc tu chun SFF r hon. LC
hoac o SC bm tc uoc bnh thung thng qua nhu cham dt ket n quang hoc.
V cc m-un cm vo mt ket n 2A5 hoac 2a7 chn cho ket n n
trn mt bng mch hot ng t mt nguon cung cap n 3,3 V +5.
ON modue thu pht hnh. 4.13 bao gom mt trung hop, mt LC hoac
SC ket n cm v mt bng mch n, mt OSA v mt mch eu khn.
OSA v quang hoc da trn, v c mt b oc d thng quang hoc, mt bc nh
pht hn (PD), mt n xuyn tro khng khuech (TIA) IC trn my thu
bn, v mt dode aser FP v mn hnh PD o pha bn truyen. Mt WDM
nheu thnh b truyen v nhn trn mt so on. Su dng mt ty chnh
thet ke v mch, uoc tch hop mt preampfer xuyn tro khng v hn che
b khuech , thet b} ny nhn ra cc chc nang 2R cua OSA mt mnh, v t uoc
gm s uong thnh phn v tu th n nang thap hon khong 0,8 W.
Hnh 4.14 cho thay mt so o kh guong mu v bc nh cua mt trpexer
modue thu pht cho au n. Da trn s cn thet ph c at mt cao
Cng ngh thu pht
173
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174
bng bn trong thet b} truyen dn g cheu cao cua thu pht
m-un cho cc OLT ph 8,5 mm hoac t hon, ph hop v thu pht
kch thuc cho cc tu chun y u d}ch v truy cp mng ATM-PON. LC-SC-type
Pgta uoc thng qua nhu cham dt ket n quang hoc.
Trong GE-PON, OLT cn mt DFB aser c mt 1.490-nm duy nhat theo cheu-
che dna buc sng v cng suat u ra cao. V do ny, trong mt OSA
TO-CAN g uoc thng qua nhu aser truyen v mt khp n cao
thet ke hu qu uoc thng qua su dng mt ng knh aspherc. Pha ngu nhn c
cng mt cau trc nhu OSA cho au n, c mt so v b oc WDM, nhn
PD, v nhn uoc khuech v mt h ong n ket th ng trong mt nha
g. B khuech nhn cho OLT bao gom mt v mch ty chnh thet ke
thc hn thu n 2R chc nang v mt preampfer xuyn tro khng
v hn che khuech .
IEN TU 4.4 Burst-MODE
H thng PON yu cu ac bt truyen burst-mode v tep nhn 47 mt trong
cc cng ngh chu cht cho vc }nh hung thuong nguon (t thu bao trung uong
van phng). eu ny cn thet v nheu thu bao cha s cng mt so quang
su dng phuong php TDMA. Cc thnh phn chnh cho mt h thng nhu vy PON
s bng n che pht trong au n vo cu thu bao v s bng n-
che thu bn trong OLT t CO Burst che truyen v nhn uoc
thung nhn ra v IC bng cch tn dng ch ph thap v nang uong thap CMOS
qu trnh.
4.4.1 thung vs Burst-Mode d u
Hnh 4.15 cho thay ba o }nh dng tn hu d u k thut s trong gao tep-
vn hnh. Hnh 4.15 (a) cc d u n teng che n tc. Mt nh} phn se-
dy n tc gu v mt t xap x cn bng cua 1s en 0, v
khong cch ga bat ky ha bu tuong ogc hn che nghm ngat. V d nhu
8B10B v 64B66B m dng thung uoc su dng trong m-m d u n ket app-
caton nhu ggabt Ethernet v cc h thng 10-ggabt. Hnh 4.15 (b) uoc bet en
nhu cc d u burst-mode, no t 1s en s 0 v khong cch ga cc
qu trnh chuyn ogc khng hn che. Trnh t c bn tuong t cho
nhng bu tuong cng mt ogc. Trong hnh. 4.15 (c), bn tn hu c th thay t
ph v g g tn, v mt th gan bo v thung uoc su dng ga khc nhau
v n. Sau ny ha o m hnh thung xuat hn trong che burst-nheu-
mng truy cp nhu PON. Nhm v cho mt ngu nhn burst-mode phc ho
m hnh (b) hoac (c) mt cch chnh xc v ngay p tc.
n tu burst-mode
175
(I)
(H)
(P)
Hnh 4.15 }nh dng d u trong thng tn n c k thut s: (a) d u n tc che , (b) burst-mode
d u, (c) bng n d u g 47.
Truyen thng thung v nhn ch thch hop cho n tc
che truyen d u AC khp n thung uoc su dng. Mch AC-couped
c th cung cap nhy thu cao d dng hon. Tuy nhn, do cc
np v x th gan cua cc t n quan en AC-couped
ung dn tn hu, tc thay bn trung bnh trong cc d u nhn uoc cng uc
tonay g hn khong th gan vo th t cua m gy (ms) mcro
(Ms), v khng uoc php thay nhanh chng theo th gan.
Hot ng cua mt my thu burst-mode rat khc so v mt
thu truyen thng. S khc bt chnh ngu nhn burst-mode
thung DC-couped v thet p ngung cua mch ph thu
thch ng v bn cua tn hu nhn uoc trong mt th gan rat ngn. Th ha, ong ho
v phc ho ga on cua mt my thu n che ph uoc thc hn rat nhanh chng trong
nano gy (ns) khong th gan (thung trong vng mt phn nh cua mt g tn xuyn
th gan nhm v).
4.4.2 Burst-Mode Transmtter (BM Tx)
BM-Tx t mt au n bao gom ha kh quan trong 20, 48-53: aser
dode cu tr trong mt g Tosa hoac BOSA v trnh eu khn aser dode IC (LDD)
cung cap cc thn v} DC yu cu v dng eu che cc dode aser.
Cc IC eu khn ph uoc n nang tu th thap v n ph chy t mt
pn d phng trong th gan mat n, ch ph thap c th cnh tranh v
v co so h tng da trn ong, v n }nh trong mt nht rng
dao ng bo v n c th uoc at ngo tr.
176
Tnh chat bng n cua truyen thuong nguon m tang yu cu ac bt cho
mch eu khn aser. Trong mt chuong trnh TDMA, BM-LDD ph to ra th gan gated
dng thn v} v dng eu khn ga t nhat 1 mA v 160 mA trong tu ns
tang v gm th gan 48. Th gan gated thn v} hn t uoc cung cap bo BM-LDD ngan nga s
Dode aser t pht ra nang uong cn ng k trong th gan nhn r cua mnh. Khc-
khn ngoan, neu mt s quyen c cn uoc pht ra t tat c cc ONs khng hot ng, n s xy
dng
t u vo my thu OLT v ket qu trong thu hep khng mong mun cua Rx ng
phm v. S tuyt chung nang uong aser trong trng th nhn r ph c t nhat A25 dB
A30 dB du sc mnh trong s bng n d u. Cho nhanh chng chuyn xem xt-
aton, tuy nhn, aser hn nay c th khng uoc tt hon ton trong th gan nhn r
nh nuc do turn-on hu ng chm tr v mo nhm v chu ky. Hn hnh
G php g aser xu hung rat gn v ngung hn t cua n. Trong ny
tuyt chung cch cao thu uoc v uot ve s chm tr c th trnh uoc cng mt c
54. Sc mnh xu hung cao hon khng mong mun v n m gm t tuyt chung,
trong kh thap hon c th y aser vo che pht x t pht (c go
du ngung xu hung), dn en s ben dng trong eu che quang hoc.
BM-LDD cn thet km sot dode aser duy tr n }nh trung bnh quang
sc mnh v t tuyt chung trn mt phm v nht rng (v d: A40 80 8C!.
Hnh 4.16 cho thay ac m nht cua ta aser FP n hnh ve
LI ung cong (tc cung quang vs ta aser hn hnh). Nhu hnh. 4.16, cc
cng suat u ra quang hoc ph thuc vo a hn t, ngung, v dc hu-
cency cua aser, m mt chc nang mnh m cua cau trc aser v eu hnh
nht . b p nang uong aser v ben t tuyt chung do
nht , eu khn n t ng nhanh (APC) mch bt buc.
APC em trn nhng phn ho tham kho t mt photodode mn hnh (PD) trong
g LD (thung nm o mat sau cua aser). Cc thut ton APC
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n tu burst-mode
177
thc hn ha o chc nang tch cc n }nh c cao v thap quang hoc
cap (c go ha che eu khn cng suat aser). Trong aser nhn r nh nuc (khng c d u
burst uoc truyen), cc mch pht hn cao m gm st n nang nhn r, v mt
vng phn ho uoc thnh p g n nang nhn r v thn v} bng aser gn cua n
ngung. Trong aser trng th hot ng trong qu trnh truyen d u cua v n, nh cao
mch pht hn chuyn sang gm st sn uong trung bnh quang n cua cm qua
back-kha cnh gm st PD v vng phn ho uoc thnh p g
thn v} aser v eu che hn t mc tham cheu mong mun, do mt ng tn cy
v quang n n tc uoc truyen .
Hnh 4.17 mnh hoa so o kh cua mt trnh eu khn ta aser burst-mode n hnh
IC 49. Cc tn hu u vo c th uoc p dng trong n p thap CMOS (LVCMOS) hoac
n p thap tch cc emtter-couped ogc (PECL) }nh dng. Trong thet ke ny,
tn hu d u uoc predstorted trong vc bo thung chm tr uot ve (TODC) kh
truc kh xe cc dode aser v ga on eu khn aser (LDS) n
en b cho s chm tr uot ve cua dode aser, sau c th uoc vn hnh
m khng c s thn v} hn t. Tn hu t photodode mn hnh uoc ua tro
vo so snh cao m (PC), m so snh photodode cao m hn t
v mt g tr} tham kho. Phn k thut s (DIG) eu khn trn trng th hn t cua
cc LDS v cng cung cap cc cu cng cua cuc sng (EOL) bo ng. Gao dn ga
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Hnh 4.17 So o kh cua mt burst-mode ta aser eu khn n hnh v mch 49.
178
BM-LDD v dode aser DC-couped trnh nhng phn ng chm
g thu bo AC-khp n.
Hnh 4.18 so snh mch LDS cho n tc v bt che oper-
atons. Mch LDS che n tc nhu hnh. 4.18 (a) uoc thet ke
duy tr mt hn thn v} khng , tc khng nguon cng suat quang trung bnh.
V khng c nhu cu c th nhanh chng thay xu hung. do t sao hu het cc
xe n tc khng th xu d u n. Tuy nhn, LDS c mch xy dng
eu chnh cc dode aser v tc d u, m rat nhanh v thung o Gbps
t . Mch tuong t c th uoc p dng eu chnh s thn v} hn t cng mt
tc . Nhu hnh. 4.18, mch eu khn aser c th uoc thet ke c ngn
TON v Ng hu suat trong khong v ns. T quan m ny,
xe bt che khng c nheu cao cap phc tp hon n tc
che eu khn.
Hnh 4.19 cho thay ha trn kha tu chun cua chc nang APC trong mt
bt che eu khn bng aser. Mch APC da trn phn ho t mn hnh
photodode cn thet. Trong cch tep cn u tn (trn cng) chuyn bang rng I / V
v pht hn cao m thung tu th mt uong n nang ng k. Hon
hon, pht hn cao m tuong t c mt th gan g hn che c th dn en
mc nang uong khng chnh xc vo u cua cm 49.
Hnh 4.19 (du) cho thay mt mch APC thay the v t n nang hon
tu th v cng gp o b cc van e n quan en th gan g hn che.
Mch APC ny hot ng trn s bng n bng n-by-ch khng ph mt co so bt-by-bt v
do khng cn nhanh v mch n-. Trong d u u tn
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Hnh 4.19 So o kh cua ha mch APC n hnh.
v, dung photodode, Cuong, sc san v mt n p uoc bet en. Sau ,
trong bng n d u, n dung ny uoc tnh bo hn t t
photodode v ong th th ra bo xung hn t to ra
bo cc d u v t u tham kho m nguon hn t. Vo cu cua cm, n p
trn n dung uoc so snh v nguon n p precharge, v mt Cocked
so snh. Ty thuc vo ket qu, mt truy cp km sot sn uong aser
n uoc buc n hoac xung. V mc cng suat a chon uoc uu tr bo mt
k thut s n / xung truy cp, th gan g cua n c th v hn.
So v bt-by-bt phuong php km sot n thng thung, s bng n-by-
phuong php bt eu chnh chm hon. Nhung ngay c eu ny'''' chm th gan thch ng ch mt
v phn nghn gy, m rat nhanh so v cc khong th gan cua nht
thay v tu tho cua aser. Sau kh h thng n-up, v g u tn
uoc truyen o mc nang uong qu thap v truy cp c chua
eu chnh chnh n vo cc g tr} chnh xc. Nhung eu ny ch xy ra n u tn au n
uoc cung cap n v c th uoc ua ve cham sc t th gan c at bng cch truyen mt
ot ngn cua v n g (trong th gan mat n au n uoc h tro bo mt
pn d phng v truy cp g tr} cn hu c).
Hu suat quang hoc v th gan cua mt nhn BM-Tx cho EPON 22
hnh. 4.20, trong mt so o mt oc, m hnh g bng pht, aser
180
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Hnh 4.20 Hu suat quang hoc v th gan cua mt EPON BM-Tx: (trn cng bn tr) mt quang
so o su dng 4-Thompson oc 1,25 Gbps s bn trong hp GbE mt
mat n o nhun. Tn hu bng pht quang (du cng bn tr) v thn v} Laser on / off. Laser o
burst-trn v th gan bt tt uoc hn th} o pha bn ph 22.
burst-trn v cc mu bt tt uoc hn th}. Mt so o uoc o bng
PRBS 27 1 d u v hon 30 o nhun mt. o ta aser n nang nhn r
o uoc %A47 dBm. Th gan bt tt aser t hon 2 ns, trong kh burst-trn
th gan uoc uc tnh t hon 8 ns (uu : th gan tr hon do so Pgta uoc
chua uoc hu chnh).
Hnh 4.21 cho thay o guong mu cua so o mt hon mt rng
phm v nht (A40 80 8C!. V cc mch APC, n }nh truyen-
ted quang n v t nhat 25 o nhun mt v trn t tuyt chung 10 dB
uoc duy tr. Luu truy tm mt cht cho so o mt t A40 8C do
v tro khng khng ph hop nh ga BM-LD v aser FP.
V th gan phn ng nhanh cua mnh trong phm v ns, ngy nay off-the-shef burst-
che IC eu khn ta aser thung c th uoc xy dng cho nheu g t 155 Mbps en
1,25 Gbps nhu mt phn ph qut trang tr cc yu cu cua huong v} khc nhau PON
nhu BPON, EPON, v G-PON. Trnh eu khn ta aser c p c th km sot
s thn v} v eu che dng qua vng ap APC duy tr mc tu
n tu burst-mode
181
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Hnh 4.21 So o mt quang t A40 8C v 80 8C trung hop nht v cng suat quang
trn 0 dBm v ER trn 10 dB. Cc s trong hp GbE mt mat n o nhun.
t tuyt chung bng cch en b cho o ha aser, nht v n p
thay . IC eu khn aser uoc dng xe DFB v FP aser, v c kh nang
mt cch c p xe 100 mA eu che hn t v 80 mA thn v}
hn hnh. gm ch ph au n m-un, b khuech hn che n tc
h uu thung uoc tch hop v trnh eu khn ta aser burst-mode to thnh
mt chp duy nhat.
4.4.3 Burst-Mode Recever (BM Rx)
Nhng thch thc cua BM nhn nhanh chng kh phc mc ogc cua
v n tn hu c nhn. Nguyn tc chung su dng phuong php DC-couped
kh m g tn bng n en, cc mch u tn o mc cng suat cua n
sau eu chnh ngung cho ph hop. Bt che nhn c th uoc cha thnh
ha o 47 theo cau trc cua n: (1) feedforward cau hnh 55,
v (2) cau hnh thng tn phn ho 56 nhu hnh. 4.22.
Trong vc thc hn nguon cap d u ve pha truc, mt preampfer DC-couped thng thung
c th uoc su dng. Tn hu nhn uoc n u tn khuech bo preampfer ny v sau
cha thnh ha nhnh. Ch nhnh u tn cua u ra t cc preampfer
DC-cng v mt b khuech khc bt. Ch nhnh th ha thc an uoc chuyn tep vo
mt mch pht hn cao m trch xuat cc thng tn bn nhn
g tn. T u ra cua my pht hn cao m, mc ngung thch hop c th
uoc thet p thch ngh o pha truc cua b khuech khc bt. T u ra cua
b khuech khc bt, cc g d u bn phc ho san sng bet thm
che ben.
Trong cau hnh thng tn phn ho, tn hu phc ho bn uoc thc hn trong
ga on preampfer. Mt u vo / u ra xuyn tro khng khuech v
182
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Hnh 4.22 n ve pha truc v trn kha ken phn ho cua my thu burst-mode quang.
mt mch pht hn cao m uoc su dng to thnh mt vng phn ho. Cc pht hn cao m
mch xc }nh ngung pht hn tc th cho cc tn hu en.
u ra cua preampfer DC-cng v mt khc bt sau khuech cho
n tu burst-mode
183
khuech thm. Theo nhu thc hn phn cng c n quan,
hot ng cho cau hnh thng tn phn ho n }nh hon o thc an ve pha truc,
t mt vng phn ho cho php ngu nhn m vc ng tn cy hon, nhung mt dfferen-
ta u vo / u ra preampfer cn thet. Trong cau hnh nguon cap d u ve pha truc, mt
preampfer DC-couped thng thung c th uoc su dng trong cc my thu, tuy nhn,
mch cn ph uoc thet ke cn thn trnh dao ng trong nhn.
Bt che thu cng uoc xep vo van hoc theo
cch ngung uoc thet p. Trong cch tep cn u tn, ngung BM-nhn
thch ngh uoc xc }nh theo cc tn hu u vo 47. Do n cn uoc go
km sot ngung t ng (ATC) phuong php. Trong cch tep cn th ha, ngu nhn
ngung uoc xc }nh hon ton t cc nh vc thng qua mt n u t ng
km sot uoc matc (AGC) k thut, v khng thay trong nh vc t trong.
Hnh 4.23 cho thay so o kh 57 cua mt burst-mode IC khuech , m
bao gom mt b khuech g hn, mt b m u ra, v mt mch ATC. N c th hot ng
trn 3.3 V cung cap duy nhat p. Mch ATC bao gom mt my d cao m, mt
Mch DC-phn ho, mt mch 1/2, v mt mch at . Nhu trong ATC
phn ng mch trong hnh. 4.23, cc pht hn cao m cm nhn mt'' mc u vo'' 1
tn hu, trong kh cc mch DC-phn ho g mt'' 0'' cap. Mch 1/2 to ra
mt mc ngung o trung tm cua ha cap ny. xa cc pht hn cao m
u ra, cc mch thet p mt cch nhanh chng th mt t n cao m g v exter-
na thet p tn hu. R rng cc mch ATC da vo mt chnh xc cao
pht hn cao m t uoc c nhy cao v p ng nhanh.
Bt che thu uoc yu cu hot ng trn phm v hot ng rng, c
phn ng nhanh t bt u tn cua mt g tn, v chap nhn tn hu su thap
Ten h&RG
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Hnh 4.23 So o kh cua mt preampfer burst-mode IC su dng ATC (tr) v
phn ng cua mch ATC (bn ph) 56.
184
t tuyt chung 58-65. t uoc hnh ng ny, preampfer ph nhn ra
burst-by-bt km sot uoc, , tang cao cho tn hu nh, v tang thap
tn hu n. ong th, n cn thet rng mt preampfer burst-mode
nhn chap nhn cc tn hu t tuyt chung thap, v nhy cao.
Neu mt tn hu n v mt t tuyt chung thap u vo cho mt AGC thng thung
preampfer, dng sng u ra s c mt s thn v} n, nhu th hn trong hnh. 4,24 (a).
Bn cua tn hu u ra cng uoc set chat, dn en kh khan trong vc
phn bt xu ga'' 0'' v'' 1'' ng cch. g quyet van e xung cap
t tuyt chung trong tn hu u ra, mt cch tep cn te bo AGC 60 uoc e ngh}
km sot xuyn tro khng te bo t uoc bng cch d ng theo bn cua u vo
tn hu. (Du y mt te bo c ngha gng nhu mt v n g.) Hnh 4.24 (b)
cho thay phn ng cua mt te bo AGC cho tn hu bng n v t tuyt chung thap.
Dng G1 trong o th} dn cho o ch xuyn tro khng cho mt te bo tn hu n
dng G2 cho mt te bo tn hu nh, trong c tang cao hon so v mt tn hu n
d ng. Bng cch duy tr tang trong cng mt te bo, cc'' '' 0 khng n nhu
rng trong mt preampfer thng thung. eu ny c thn kh nang cua mch
phn bt xu ng ga'' 0'' v'' 1''. V vy, phuong php ny cho php
thu phc ho tn hu bng n ngay c v t tuyt chung thap.
Hnh 4.25 (a) cho thay cau hnh preampfer te bo AGC. Mch ny
bao gom mt my d du cap (BLD), mt mch tang km sot (GCC), mt thet p
mch, v mt (Transstor Dng Effect) FET ket n song song v mt thng tn phn ho
n tro. Hnh 4.25 (b) cho thay phn ng cua m kh u vo bng n tn hu.
Cc BLD nhanh chng pht hn cc mc y cua Amp3, v mt mch g trong
&Rn p SG r%
&Rn p SG r%
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Hnh 4.24 Vc so snh (a) mt AGC thng thung v (b) mt te bo-AGC cho burst-mode
u vo tuyt chung t thap 60.
n tu burst-mode
WUT (HV$ SG JK4)
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185
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Hnh 4.25 Cau hnh v hot ng cua te bo nguyn tc AGC da preampfer IC.
BL g mc ny. Ty thuc vo cap ny, GCC to ra mt hng s
n p trong kh hot ng trong cng mt te bo, v xc }nh n p co so cua
FET, uoc ket n song song v n tro phn ho gm tng s
khng phn ho. Nhu tang hn hnh v mch u vo (do u vo cao hon
quang n), n p co so cua FET cng tang, dn en thap
xuyn tro khng. V vy, xuyn tro khng c th uoc thay bng cch u vo hn t.
V s thay cua cc te bo, tn hu at uoc ua ra vo BLD, u ra cua
GCC v xuyn tro khng tang tro mc ban u. Ket qu , mt cao
phm v hot ng uoc thc hn v tn hu t tuyt chung thap.
N nn uoc e cp rng thu burst-mode m t o trn tat c
da trn vc trn kha DC-couped. Cch tep cn ny c rat thap burst-
che hnh pht. Thet b} nhu vy rat thch hop cho BPON v G-PON m
xc }nh cc thng s th gan rat chat ch. V d, trong G-PON v 1,244-Gbps
tc d u, th gan bo v 32-bt (25,6 ns) uoc phn b cho aser trn v aser tt, 44 -
n bt mo u (35,4 ns) uoc phn b trong cc nguyn cn thet cho vc km sot tang
v phc ho ong ho. Nhu bet, EPON ch }nh mt ngu nhn thu gn
th gan g quyet 400 ns, cho php AC-coupng 25, 66 uoc thc hn trong
ng dng thc te v u ngn hng s th gan. Kh mt AC-couped
mch v mt hng s th gan nh uoc p dng cho ngu nhn, phn ng nhanh c th
thu uoc. Hnh 4.26 m t so o kh cua AC-couped so v DC-
cng burst-mode thu. Trong hnh. 4.26, mch AC-khp n bao gom
mt t n on nterstage, mt tro khng u ra ket hop preampfer, v mt
u vo tro khng ket hop hn che khuech .
186
ht h&Rn
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cGMFt ]nh
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phc h&
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srev
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Hnh 4.26 So snh AC-couped (tr) so v DC-couped (ph) bt che thu.
100.0+J
187
100 ns
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100.0+J
50.00nsT8&J
Hnh 4.27 Mt v d ve 1,25 Gbps BM APD / TIA u ra so o mt (tr) v g quyet
o th gan (bn ph) 22.
Hnh 4.27 cho thay mt v d ve so o mt v th gan g quyet cho mt nhn
1,25 Gbps BM APD-TIA. Ny BM APD / TIA bn trong mt g phn mem ROSA c
nhy cao cua 3#.0 dBm, v tnh trng qu t trn A1.5 dBm v o
BER 10A12. Th gan g quyet cua n uoc o uoc t hon 100 ns, thap hon
cn 400 ns.
4,5 TRANSCEIVER DIGITAL-OAN
GIAM SAT
Gn y, c m quan tm m trong ngnh cng nghp trong hot ng
gm st cua cc mng quang hoc truy cp. Mc ch cua gm st quang hoc ny
yu cu cung cap mt cng c hu qu ch ph v th gan chet thap nhat cua
mng, bng cch cho php cc nh kha thc ph c chn on tt nhat v xe t t hon
cun.
Hu het cc mu thet ke cua my thu pht quang n tu theo yu cu trong
SFP 44 v GBIC 45 Hp }nh m-un a nguon (MSA) (mac d c
vn khng c PON thu pht MSA t th m vet b), m uoc thm gn y
k thut gao dn k thut s chn on theo d tang cung theo quy }nh t
cc t u SFF-8472, Chn on k thut s Gm st Gao dn cho quang
Thu pht, sua 9,5 67. Gao dn ny cho php th gan thc truy cp vo thet b}
thng s hot ng v eu kn, v n bao gom mt h thng phc tp cua
bo ng v cnh bo c, trong cnh bo ngu su dng kh hot ng ac bt
cc thng s nm ngo phm v bnh thung cua nh my thet p. Nhu k thut s chn on-
chc nang gm st 68-70 cung cap mt ngu dng v thng tn quan trong n quan en
tnh trng cua cc tn hu truyen v nhn, cho php c p tt hon
v pht hn .
Chn on k thut s thu pht thng thung gm st nht m-un,
n cever, thn v} pht hn, v n my pht. Ngo nhng
188
cc thng s m-un, cng mt cn ph theo d nhng that b n ket so, b} suy gm
atons, v cc ket n xau m khng m phen cc d}ch v nheu ang dn ra. So
c th uoc pht hn bng cch su dng th gan quang refectometry men (OTDR) 71-75.
Phuong php tep cn OTDR nhng gn y nonntrusve uoc e xuat 76, 77
gm st t xa v sc khe cua mng truy cp, m s uoc m t trong
phn ny.
4.5.1 M-un Thng s gm st
Hn SFP v GBIC MSA thng s k thut xc }nh mt bn o b nh 256-byte
trong EEPROM, c th truy cp qua mt gao dn n tep 2 dy t }a ch 8-bt
1010000X (A0h). Gao dn k thut s chn on theo d m m cho vc su dng
}a ch 8-bt 1010001X (A2h), v vy b nh ID n tep ban u uoc xc }nh
bn o vn khng thay . Gao dn gng ht, v do hon ton nguoc
tuong thch v c ha k thut GBIC v SFP MSA. eu hnh v
thng tn chn on uoc theo d v bo co cua mt chn on k thut s
b eu khn thu pht (DDTC), uoc truy cp thng qua mt chec xe but n tep 2 dy. Cc
ch tet cua gao dn y u v ac tnh vt cua n c th uoc go
cc thng s k thut MSA 44, 45.
thc hn cc thng tn k thut s chn on theo d v c ngha hon
m bo tnh thng nhat t nh cung cap nh cung cap, cc MSA xc }nh t thu
yu cu chnh xc cua cc thng s theo d. Thet ke h thng ph m bo
rng ho p ng cc yu cu trn uoc xc }nh eu hnh cung cap n v
nht dao ng, trong kh gm thu tc ng ch ph.
Thng thung, u ra cua cc g tr} vt chat cua m tham s mt n p tuong t
hoac hn t t b khuech xuyn tro khng, ngu xe aser, hoac sau
b khuech . Cc k su su dng tuong t chuyn k thut s (ADC) s ha nhng
g tr} vt chat. V cc g tr} s ha, mt v eu khn sau c th qu trnh
d u nhu mt phn cua mt vng eu khn, kch hot bo ng, hoac ch gh cc d u vo
s ang k.
Kh nang cung cap d u chnh xc cho v eu khn ph thuc vo chnh xc
d u tuong t o, cc nguon teng on, cng v chnh xc ADC.
V PON thu pht hn che khng gan h ong qun tr} v nhy cm ve g,
un un c s nh trong vc a chon mt phn g cao v chnh xc cao
ADC v mt n p tham cheu n }nh. Nhng kh khan ny buc cc nh thet ke xc }nh
t yu cu t thu cho ADC v n p tham cheu, uoc ua ra
cc ac m en tn hu uoc bet en, p ng yu cu chnh xc.
4.5.1.1 Nht gm st
SFP GBIC hn c v yu cu MSA theo d chnh xc cua tuyt
nht trong mt m trung khng c chuong trnh km sot nht hot ng, v
189
phm v hot ng rng, v v hon 3 8C s thay tng th. Bat c eu g
cm ben a chon, tnh chnh xc, s n }nh, kh nang ap ket qu cm ben
hon nht v n nang cung cap ben th cc yeu quan trong nhat
t. Neu gm st n p so v m quan h nht ph tuyen, cc
mc chnh xc e cp en tnh chnh xc trong vc o ung chnh xc nhat
gc.
L mt v d phn tch 70, g }nh mt m quan h tuyen tnh ga
nht tuyt v n p cm ben cua ADC, v chnh xc
cua DTEMP. n p tn hu en 500 mV en 1 V dn cho tem-
perature 0 8C v 100 8C, tuong ng. Ngu ta c th g }nh rng DTEMP A/1%
(So v n p u vo), v DVREF A/1%. Mt ADC v 10-bt
phn g c thn chnh xc theo d nht hon 1 8C
hon mt ADC 8-bt (Hnh 4.28). Mt s thay nhu vy ng k, u thc hn mt
s khc bt cho mt yu cu chnh xc cua 3 8C trong t u SFP MSA. Cc
s khc bt ga 10 - v 12-bt ADC, mat khc, trong vng
0,25 8C. C thn t mt oversampng cua chn n 0,5 8C. Kh
tnh chnh xc cua s ben n p tham cheu trong 0,25%, chnh xc
w
\
V`& nh&Rt (P)
5
l
(H6Ge)
(H6Ge)
(MKG f)
(MKG hng)
(MKG 3%nh)
k
(MKG hng)
(MKG 3%nh)
(
1
0
6 0
4 0
2 0
0
(0
l0
\0
80
100
1(0
1l0
)h&Rt (P)
Hnh 4.28 Km tra nht o phn g ADC khc nhau. Cc trc y cho thay
g tr} tuyt cua cc t a. Cc tng th cho vc theo d nht + Y 8C.
Cc ung mu xanh, hong, v xanh cy dn cho 8 -, 10 - v 12-bt ADC, tuong ng. Nhng ung en
dn cho cc trung hop trong mc chnh xc cua c ha cm ben nht v n p
tham cheu trong 1%, v cc ung t nt dn cho mt 0,5% mc chnh xc. Dng rn mu
mt ADC 10-bt m khng c oversampng 70.
190
c thn mt 10-bt ADC t 0.7 8C o nht thap 1,65 8C kh
nht cao. C thn nhu vy tuong uong v vc thay phn g
ADC 8-10 bt. V vy, mt ADC v 10-bt hoac phn g cao hon v
mt n p tham cheu n }nh nhng yeu t quan trong khng km cho chnh xc nht
gm st ture. Kh n }nh tn hu en trong 0,5%, mt
c th thu gn yu cu n }nh cho n p tham cheu en 0,5% tt,
v vn c th t uoc mt 3 8C chnh xc trn ton b nht hot ng
phm v.
4.5.1.2 nhn-Power Gm st
SFP v GBIC MSA yu cu ngu nhn n theo d accur-
ACY uoc trong vng 3 dB. C nheu yeu t tc ng en tnh chnh xc cua
ngu nhn gm st quang n. Cc yeu t quan trong nhat var-
aton cua b tch sng quang bo ng qu nht, cung cap n p, v
o ha.
G su mt my d v mt bo ng 0,9 A / W thc hn phn tch ny,
phn tch 70 cho thay cc uoc g thu bo mt 8-bt ADC c th cao nhu
3.83 dB. phn g ADC cn ph uoc 10 bt hoac cao hon t uoc cc
chnh xc cn thet 3 dB. Cc oversampng chn n trong 10-bt
ADC c th c thn chnh xc 1 dB, m quan trong kh ngu nhn
ang hot ng o mc nhy cm. Kh gm st nang uong u vo thu,
s thay tham cheu n p t quan trong hon so v cc ben th cua
t hn ngu nhn t cc thet b} o mc nhy 70.
4.5.1.3 Gm st pht hn t Bas
MSA (SFP hoac GBIC) yu cu hn t cho my pht thn v} hn t
gm st chnh xc tt hon so v 10%. Truyen thn v} hn nay mon-
torng thung chnh xc hon nht v my thu nang uong mn hnh-
ng, bo v n khng bao gom mt phm v rng nang ng. Tuy nhn, cc nguon khc
ph uoc xem xt, chng hn nhu s ben ng cua cc xu hung hn t bn thn
kh n p thn v} km sot tnh. B p cng ton t ga cc km sot
n p v n p gm st, bo v ngu ta ph suy ra thn v} thc te hon
khng trc tep o ung n ngan chan s can thp v vc thc hn cc
aser bn dn.
Neu chng ta g }nh rng s thay tng th mac }nh t thc te hn nay chy
thng qua chp aser gm st n p 3 v t VBIAS TH
Ibas 1 V 100 mA, phn tch 70 cho thay gm st thn v} hn t
chnh xc t mt 8-bt ADC bn o dng cao v tro thnh dramat-
cay to t hon o dng thap. chnh xc o mc thap thn v} hn t to t hon v
g tr} tuyt cua tn hu nh hon. Do , s ng gp teng on tuong
191
tang. Tnh trng nhu vy c th c mat trong aser m mt hot ng o mc thap
nht m trung. Nhn chung, cc k thut oversampng gp nhu
nheu nhat 5 trong eu kn thap hn nay. Tuy nhn, s thn v} xap x
hn t cho aser cnh pht ra t hon 10 mA, gn ngung cua n hn t,
nn chnh xc khng ph mt m quan tm n. Mt c ten trn n p tham cheu
5 ch ng gp 0,5 chnh xc theo d.
4.5.1.4 pht n gm st
Yu cu MSA hn t cho vc theo d pht n
1 dB. Hu het aser bn dn hn nay vn da vo back-kha cnh mn hnh-
ng. Hnh 4.29 cho thay ac m n hnh ga cc xe bng aser
gm st hn t v sn uong n quang hn t v cho 1310-nm v
t aser 1550 nm 78. C th thay rng sc mnh truyen d dng hon
gm st hon ba tham s uoc e cp truc y neu m quan tm duy nhat
back-kha cnh gm st hn hnh.
n p my pht n theo d thung dao ng t v hun-
mV Dred mt s vot. Neu modue ang chy du APC, APC
vng ap chnh n g thu mt s . Mt c th pht snh thm t nht
khng thng hng cua b tch sng quang back-kha cnh, hoac s thay trong bo ng
cc b tch sng quang hon nht v n p cung cap. G su mt mac }nh
nguon 2, ket qu phn tch t my pht hn thn v}-mon-
torng cng tuong t nhu v vc gm st pht-back-kha cnh nang uong.
Mac d mt 8-bt ADC c v u tt cho my pht n mon-
torng, mt 10-bt ADC hot ng tt hon v n cho php mt bn 0,5 dB cho
theo d 70.
0.5
P.ng sGDt SG r% s9& (+#)
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5
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l
k
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Hnh 4.29 Laser cng suat u ra v gm st hn t so v hn nay xe.
192
4.5.2 so OTDR Gm st
Thng thung, gm st chat xo uoc thc hn bo cc php o OTDR t
pha OLT mt cch xm nhp 71-75. D u OLT OTDR, tuy nhn, b}
t gm nhy do tch cao v tn that t s mo ho do
s chong chat cua OTDR dau vet nguon gc t cc ch nhnh so khc nhau.
Tu mc ny g thu cc nguyn tc OTDR v m t mt cun tu thuyet nhng-
cch tep cn OTDR ded 76, 77, 79, uoc tch hop gm st chat xo khng tn km
chc nang vo mt modue thu pht au n.
4.5.2.1 Nguyn tc hot ng OTDR
V d, hnh. 4.30 cho thay mt h thng OTDR trong hp r rc trong
ket hop v mt ken trc WDM-PON n hnh 74 da trn mt trong ha
DFB LDS hoac buc sng b} kha F-P LDS. e n e xuat bao gom mt
bang thng rng nguon sng (BLS), mt du duong bang qua b oc (BPF), mt LD FP, mt
tun hon quang hoc, mt my thu OTDR, v cc b phn n khc. Mt LD F-P
PW
8B 6&RG
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PON 74.
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193
AR-phu nng cao hu qu tm ASE. Laser c cheu d khoang
600 mm. AWG c khong cch 100 knh GH v mt o Gaussan qua
ban nhc. Cc du duong BPF c bang thng 3 dB cua 0,56 nm. Tn hu OTDR
cng vo so trung chuyn cua gn WDM-PON vo trang web OLT qua C / L
B oc WDM m C v S ban nhc v ban nhc phn nh L (cho cc u vo o
cng thng thung).
Trong th nghm, OTDR xung buc sng uoc ch }nh trong L-band, trong kh
tn hu nguoc dng trong bang tn C v tn hu h uu trong S-band. Tuy nhn,
mt AWG duy nhat uoc su dng cho cc nt eu khn t xa, v n c truyen ky
ac. Mt ban nhc OTDR khc nhau t cc ban nhc tn hu cho php trong d}ch v
gm st khng ng k v n chuyn qua. Nguyn tc hot ng c th uoc g thch
nhu sau. B eu khn eu chnh BPF du duong v buc sng mc tu.
Anh sng t L-band BLS sau uoc ph-t cua BPF du duong v
tm vo F-P LD. Sau chng t c uoc mt sn uong bn snge-mode t
FP LD uoc eu che trc tep bo mt ot cc xung n. F-P LD
u ra uoc oc bo BPF du duong ngan chan che bn cn v
cng vo so feeder. Anh sng tn x nguoc t so truyen
uoc pht hn bo cc b tch sng quang PIN v xu tm v} tr , nhu
trong mt OTDR thng thung. Mt dao ng v mt my tnh uoc su dng nhu mt A / D
chuyn v mt b xu tn hu, tuong ng.
Hnh 4.31 cho thay ket qu pht hn so t xung OTDR. Trong
dau hu t cc }a m khc nhau uoc quan st. L tnh
cc v} tr ph hop v d cua so th, 3 km, 3,4 km, 4 km,
v 5,2 km t nt eu khn t xa, tuong ng. nh cao o 20 km ket qu
t phn nh t AWG.
4.5.2.2 ON-nhng OTDR
Ouy m n cua cc h thng PON hn gp bn theo d chat xo hu qu ch ph
t pha ON mong mun, gm ch ph vn hnh v bo tr. Oua
tch hop chc nang OTDR thnh cc modue thu pht quang hoc, nhng
OTDR tro thnh mt phn cua mng, c th uoc truy cp bo cc
H thng qun PON gm st v km tra chat uong cua p vt .
So o kh cua mt au n burst-mode truyen (BM-TX) v em-
phn p chc nang OTDR nonntrusve uoc hn th} trong hnh. 4.32. N cha cc
uu uong d u u vo (DataIn), mt pht cm cho php (BEN) tn hu, v mt
OTDR dau vet u ra. Mt m-un ta aser buc sng 1310 nm v back-kha cnh mn hnh PD
(MPD) to ra cc v n d u v MPD gm st quang n pht ra.
Kh tn hu BEN ch ra rng khng c v n d u uoc truyen nguoc dng (nhn r
cua s), quang hoc front-end uoc chuyn t che truyen t vo che OTDR,
v LD (chuyn t pha truc thn v} en thap hoac bng khng thn v}) v / hoac hnh ng MPD
194
5 0
5 5
6 0
P.ng sGDt (8H+)
WT$_ 8DG JFt
5 0
5 5
6 0
P.ng sGDt (8H+)
6 5
7 0
7 5
8 0
WT$_ 8DG JFt
6 5
7 0
7 5
8 0
8 5
9 0
0
(l 8H
Ph. 1
5
10
(015
jh4ang cch (-+)
(5
k0
8 5
9 0
0
Ph. (
5
10
(015
jh4ang cch (-+)
(5
k0
(I)
5 0
5 5
6 0
P.ng sGDt (8H+)
(H)
5 0
5 5
6 0
P.ng sGDt (8H+)
6 5
7 0
7 5
8 0
WT$_ 8DG JFt
WT$_ 8DG JFt
6 5
7 0
7 5
8 0
8 5
9 0
0
Ph. k
5
10
15(0
jh4ang cch (-+)
(5
k0
8 5
9 0
0
Ph. l
5
10
15(0
jh4ang cch (-+)
(5
k0
(P)
($)
Hnh 4.31 Ket qu pht hn so cho cc }a m o (a) 3 km, (b) 3,4 km, (c) 4 km,
v (d) 5,2 km t nt eu khn t xa bng cch su dng thet p t hnh. 4.30.
$%t%Xn
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HGrst7+48e
8B 6&RG T3
&dG -h&An bqng 6%ser
$B 6&RG nE
WT$_
0n J] chGMAn E&
M.7Gn V%ser
+K -h.ng cSn cch 6M
(1k10 n+)
han nh bG%ng
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Z&Rn c; 8B 6&RG T3 chtc n*ng
Phtc n*ng WT$_
Ten h&RG bG%ng hnc
Ten h&RG 8B 6&RG &Rn
Ten h&RG &dG -h&An &Rn
Hnh 4.32 Nhng OTDR vo au n burst-mode truyen. OTDR tuong t front-end
bang thng b} hn che en 5 MH 76.
195
nhu mt b tch sng quang OTDR. V vy, cc tn x nguoc gy ra bo s bng n d u c th
uoc mua v t su dng t a cc thnh phn v ch ph t thu. D u
v n truyen qua Modem c d ben v quang n hn che
ph hop v thng s k thut G-PON, v khng th uoc su dng nhu mt kch thch cho
c n OTDR xung phn ng. Tuy nhn, t cc thng s uoc bet, cc d u
cheu d v (quy m ms) v cheu d cua so uoc thu nghm (km), BM-TX
c th pht hn xem s bng n d u u mn kch thch cho buc p ng
OTDR. Neu eu ny xy ra, o OTDR ch ph thuc vo trng th so
v sc mnh kch thch au n, v khng vo d d u n. Tu cc ny
p ng buc (NSR) cch tep cn cung cap mt cch m su dng gao thng bng n d u
thc hn gm st chat xo thc s nonntrusve 76.
Hnh 4.33 mnh hoa ba trn kha ch ph thap nonconventona
tch hop cc chc nang OTDR trong kh ON 77. Phuong php tep cn u tn
su dng mt quang couper 10/90 phn nh rng bt t nh sng truyen qua, nhung eu ny
phuong php h ng knh chuyn dng b sung (couper) v m gm ngn sch n ket.
Cch tep cn th ha su dng cc dode aser nhu mt photodectector pht hn cc
WT$_WUT
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Hnh 4.33 ON chan so o v OTDR chc nang tch hop 77.
196
phn nh (echo) trong trung hop ta aser khng c s c p. Cch tep cn ny knh te
nhung h ph an chay chuyn cua cc trnh eu khn aser v OTDR Rx. Tuong t nhu vy,
phuong php th ba o phn nh bng cch su dng PD tro kha cnh ket n v
dode aser.
N vn cn c van e nhu the no mnh m phuong php ny s uoc. M phng v
ket qu thc nghm cho thay phuong php ny c th mang OTDR chnh xc tt
cho v} tr thay t ngt suy gm nhu s thc y phn ng c n
tn x nguoc, m khng c nhng nhuoc m cua mt k thut xm nhp. Nhng o
uoc nhng uu m cua phuong php ny hn nhn:
1. Nhng gm st nh my so nonntrusve trong my pht au n.
2. Khng c hnh pht trn hu suat mng v khng can thp v cc MAC.
3. Su dng FP hoac VCSEL pht m khng cn cch y quang. Khng cn
thnh phn quang hoc thm, nhung cn s uong hn che tc cao Eec-
troncs uoc tch hop trong chp eu khn ta aser v ch ph cn bn.
4. Khng truyen tn hu OTDR c th cn thet, v cc tn hu yu cu
xu c th uoc xu trong th gan nhn r cua mt v eu khn off-chp.
5. Thng tn ve tnh trng cua nh my so c th thu uoc n tc, v
uoc su dng chng mnh hu suat nh my so, hoac kch hot bo dung phng nga
hoac sua cha hnh ng.
6. Suy tho nh my so c th pht hn rat u truc kh xy ra truyen dn
hoac d}ch v khng ng.
HE THONG TRANSCEIVER 4,6 PON ANH GIA
v mt h thng truy cp PON, vc truyen v nhn cua quang hoc khc nhau
buc sng bdrectonay qua mt so on phc tp chn on quang
v cc php o cua PON modue thu pht. Nhu uoc m t trong chuong. 2, uoc gao d}ch
ken trc tona PON thng qua mt cau hnh pont-to-mutpont. T
nheu ngu su dng au n uoc ket n v mt OLT, mt ghp knh men th gan cha s
(TDM) knh uoc su dng theo hung h uu. O thuong nguon, TDMA
cch tep cn uoc su dng cho php m ON truyen t uu uong truy cp cua n trong th
gan uoc phn b
khe th gan. y khc bt ng k t tu n ngm thng thung hay ung d
mng quang hoc, m thung da trn buc sng pont-to-pont-con
nectons v do c s phn bt r rng ga cc mng khc nhau
p. Cho cc mng, hu suat p vt cua cc n ket thng thung
c th uoc km tra su dng cc mu PRBS tu chun phn bt cc gao thc p cao hon
do tnh chat n tc che cua ho.
V do ny, v knh te khc, vn cn theu
ph hop hon ton PON thet b} km tra. Cc nh cung cap h thng truy cp buc ph
xy dng quy trnh PON c th cua rng ho chn on 20, 22, 62, 80-83.
197
Trong thc te, km tra h thng thu pht PON ph ua vo t khon bng pht
bn chat cua d u v s chnh ch ve khong cch t m au n OLT. Trong kh
qu trnh OLT nhn ac tnh nhy cm, bn tn hu v
ga on ong ho c th khc nhau t g g. Do , cc g tn ke tep c
uoc xem xt v mt s khc bt n trong quang n v ga on ong ho
n ket bt cc trung hop xau nhat. N cch khc, cc OLT
nhn uoc co nhu mt phn cua mt h thng PON ket hop v mt s ONs
v khng ch nhu mt n ket nhn c p pont-to-pont.
Hnh 4.34 cho thay mt thet p h thng tu bu cho PON thu pht thu nghm m-un,
m gng nhu mt thc hn nh vc thc te cua mt h thng PON. N bao gom ha
Cau hnh ONs trong trung hop xau nhat. Mt uoc at gn OLT v
th ha xa xung n ket. Ngu nhn OLT c nm bt mt yeu thuong nguon
n m sau mt mnh m hon. nhy OLT c th uoc nh g
ba k}ch bn: o n tc che , au n on burst-mode Meas-
ung, v au n o burst-che kp. Param-quan trong nhat
eters trong mt burst-mode nh g nhn nhy cm, phm v hot ng, v
th gan p ng. H thng nang ng, uoc }nh ngha t mnh
cc tn hu quang hoc yeu nhat c th uoc nhn bo OLT burst-mode
ngu nhn v ac m k thut thc hn bo m. Cc hnh pht burst-mode
20, 22, 46, 66, 84 ve s khc bt nhy cm ga ba thu nghm cc
k}ch bn uoc co nhn vt chu cht cua cng c xc mnh h thng thc hn-
hm cua my thu pht PON.
4.6.1 G-PON thu pht h thng nh g
IT-T G984.2 10, 20 e ngh} phn b km tra p vt
m hnh v trn khng t 1,244 Gbps uoc mnh hoa trong hnh. 4.35. Cheu d n
c th uoc mn 125 ms, thung uoc dng nhu PRBS t trong. Tng s bt buc
cheu d trn t 1.244 Mb / s 96 bt bao gom th gan bo v (bt buc
32 bt), th gan mo u (44 bt), v th gan phn cch (20 bt). Cheu d cua
th gan bo v uoc xc }nh bo th gan turn-on/turn-off aser, thay th gan gy ra
bng cch: (1) ben th nh trong s chm tr so, (2) s chm tr tuyn truyen cp quang
cn bng granuarty xc }nh bo qu trnh khc nhau, v (3) APD
v th gan x bng bn dn. L mo u c th uoc cha thnh ha phn, amp-
phc ho tude xc }nh ngung v ga on ong ho n ket cho ong ho
phc ho ga on. Nhu g thch truc , nhanh chng kha thc cc ngung quyet }nh
v ga on ong ho t mt mo u ngn o u m ket qu g trong mt
pht nhy cm, c go burst-mode pht.
Thch thc trong G-PON bt che thu hot ng trn mt rng
phm v hot ng trong kh kh phc d u trong mt th gan rat ngn. Trong trung hop mt yeu
g sau mt g tn mnh m v th gan tuong t nhu trong hnh. 4,35, bt
198
HMTO nh/ W)U 1
Y
(VsEPV)
HM7V$ i !
t&% 6%ser
HM _O
_W"I
(I$ T TXI)
i 4st7%+p
(HM, TT)
P$_ T $MUO
(HM, 107b&t)
MUO
(107b&t)
E$
Y
(VsEPV)
W)U (
("!!)
Hnh 4.34 Burst-mode cau hnh thet p thu nghm n hnh bao gom ha ONs. Mt g tn yeu t BM-Tx nhu ON 1 theo sau mt mnh m
g d u t m-un SFF thuong m Tx nhu ON 2 m phng cc trung hop xau nhat eu kn 22.
199
H~ng nE +Lnh + 1
+tc 1
TGMRt chng
t 6R 10 8H
V%ser t5t
Mtc 0
TO J. h&RG h;%
(1\ b&t)
TO ch4 ph<p b&=n
(1\ b&t) phc h&
$B 6&RG
phc h&
$DG ph>n cch
pht h&Rn
$DG ph>n cch
((0 b&t)
Ta& trnng
(T& % 1(5 )
)E MFG (
+tc 1
Mtc 0
Th^& g&%n ba4 JR
(k( b&t)
V^& n;& SG
(ll b&t)
h>n bE bGrst7+48e tr=n -h.ng
ch4 cc chtc n*ng WVT (9\ b&t 1(ll Mb&t T s)
Hnh 4.35 Mt thuong nguon m hnh thu nghm burst-mode G-PON n hnh kh cc g d u mnh m t
BM-Tx nhu ON 1 uoc theo sau bo cc g d u yeu t ON 2. Th gan bo v trn khng
bao gom 32 bt bt buc, mo u 44 bt, v th gan g hn 16-20 bt.
tnh ch v mt phn payoad cua g yeu nhu mt chc nang cua
quang n cua g tn mnh m vo nhn OLT. Hnh 4.36 cho thay
s o cua burst-mode BER v pht nhy cm thc hn cho mt DC-
cng G-PON APD thu t 1,244 Gbps 20. R rng mt s nhy cm
pht pht snh. Nguyn nhn chnh cua hnh pht nhy n-che ny
turn-off u t chp APD v TIA mu thun v yu cu nghm ngat
th gan bo v ngn v cheu d on u. Trung hop xau nhat o nhy
ve 30.5 dBm t BER cua 10-10 kh n quang cua g tn mnh m
t A9 dBm, gn v sc mnh tnh trng qu t cua APD. ny
sents khong 2-dB trung hop xau nhat burst-mode pht nhy thu v dy-
namc phm v khong 21,5 dB. nh huong cua th gan bo v trn burst-mode
hnh pht cng uoc hn th} trong hnh. 4.36 mt chc nang cua n quang hoc cua
truc g. Pht nhy cm cua * 1,5 dB do u cua mt mnh m
g tn t A12 dBm uoc quan st v th gan bo v cua 32 bt (25,6 ns). Mt
c thn 1,4 dB trong Rx nhy cm c th kh th gan bo v
n ng 64 bt (51,2 ns).
N nn uoc e cp rng G-PON o dng vc thc hn
cua PLM (co che quyen c san ap mat bng) thu gn phm v hot ng 21 dB specf-
caton cua ngu nhn OLT. PLM cho php ONs hot ng t ba r rc
che cng suat u ra. V d, v mt ung n 1,244 Gbps, sau y
c ngha tung ra quyen hn uoc xc }nh: (1) Che bnh thung: t thu /
200
l
5
\
10 (HE_)
w
8
9
TF bK4 bqng
str4ng 9 . 0 8H+
str4ng 1 0 . 0 8H+
str4ng 1 1 . 0 8H+
str4ng 1 2 . 0 8H+
10
11
1(
3 5 . 0
3 4 . 0 3 3 . 0 3 2 . 0 3 1 . 0
P.ng sGDt bG%ng trGng bunh (8H+)
3 0 . 0
k
hLt nhLM (8H)
Th^& g&%n ba4 JR (5,\ ns
Th^& g&%n ba4 JR 51,( ns
(
1
0
1 2 . 0 1 1 . 0 1 0 . 0 9 . 0
cG%ng &Rn trGng bunh c% g;& t&n +Lnh + (8H+)
Hnh 4.36 o n hnh cua che burst-BER (trn) v hnh pht nhy cm (du)
thc hn cho mt DC-couped G-PON OLT Rx t 1,244 Gbps.
t a 203 dBm, nhu nu trong Bng 4.7, (2) Che 1 Bnh thung A3 dB
v (3) Che 2 Bnh thung A# dB. Che PLM c th uoc thet p t }a phuong trong ON
thu pht thng qua mt gao dn ngo v n tep (SPI) theo tn hu eu khn
en t cc p MAC. v cc thu tc PLM ch tet, c th tham kho
G984.2, Ph c II 10. Tm , PLM hot ng nhu sau. OLT Rx
u tn o cng suat trung bnh nhn v so snh n v ha ngung
n p. Sau n quyet }nh u cc tn hu quang en qu thap hoac qu
cao hoac trong phm v. Kh mt ON nhn uoc tn nhn t OLT en
chuyn t mt che khc, n m cho n pht ra cua n trong phm v cua
che m v sau tep tc gu d u thuong nguon.
Mt o the cua vc su dng PLM gm phm v hot ng h-
cha 5-6 dB (t 21 dB en 15 dB) cho ngu nhn OLT. Mt o the
Bng 4.7
201
Nh nuc-of-the-art G-PON thng s hu suat thu pht cho cc n ket nguoc dng
1,244 Gbps, so v thng s k thut G.984.2 cua IT-T 10
Tham s
T bt
ODN (o B)
C ngha quyen c ua ra
(Khng c PLM)
T tuyt chung
Ln tep gng ht nhau
ch s mn d}ch
nhy thu
Nhn tnh trng qu t
Phm v hot ng
Trn khng
Th gan bo v
o (khng c PLM)
1,244
' 15 phm v khc bt dB
1 dB khoan dung hon A40 8C 80 8C
' 10
72
31.# (W / o WDM)
4.7 (W / o WDM)
26.9
12
4
Spec.
1,244
10 pht t a 25
pht A2 max T"3
10
72
A28 (V WDM)
A7
21
12
4
on v
Gbt / s
dB
dBm
dB
bt
dBm
dBm
dB
byte
byte
n m tang tu tho aser v gm n nang tu th cua ONs
kh m vc trong che 1 v / hoac che 2. N cng m gm kh nang mnh m quang
phn x do gn ONs. Hnh 4.37 cho thay hu suat ung n BER
cho 1,25 Gbps G-PON OLT Rx uoc thu nghm o che PLM khc nhau. ON
eu chnh ra mt n uoc eu khn bo OLT nhu sau
ba che : Pavg 0,5 dB (bnh thung), Pavg A2.5 dBm ( 1), v
Pavg 5.5 dBm (che 2). Chn 20 km so g thu mt s phn tn
HNt chF HE_1.(5 Yb&t T s
(s:& (0 -+ cp bG%ng JK VM)
2
3
4
HE_ (*ng nhNp)
5
6
7
8
9
1 0
1 1
3 8
3 7
3 6 3 5 3 4
P.ng sGDt bG%ng SG JK4 (8H+)
3 3
3 2
%Jg 5,5 8H+ -h.ng c; chDt 30
%Jg (,5 8H+ -h.ng c; chDt 30
%Jg (,5 8H+ J:& (0 -+ cp bG%ng
%Jg 0,5 8H+ J:& (0 -+ cp bG%ng
Hnh 4.37 1,25 Gbps G-PON hu suat ung n v PLM.
202
hnh pht, gy ra s nhy cm nhn m suy gm 0,9 dB kh PLM
che uoc thet p che 1.
Bng 4.7 t k cc hot ng G-PON OLT thu nh nuc-of-the-art
thng s c th t uoc t mt APD DC-ket hop v che burst-TIA v
hn che chpset khuech cho tc n ket thuong nguon cua 1,244 Gbps 85. Cho com-
s so snh, cng mt bng cng t k cc yu cu ac m k thut G.984.2 cua IT-T.
Ha ONs uoc o bng 8-bt xung tn hu at . OLT t uoc
nhy Rx cua 31.# dBm v phm v hot ng cua trn 26,9 dB nheu
tt hon so v ac m k thut cua G.984.2 A28 dBm (v mt nm WDM 1310/1490)
nhu th hn trong Bng 4.7.
4.6.2 My thu pht EPON
Cc ac m k thut EPON cho php thu pht AC-couped burst-mode cho OLT
do on gn v knh te 25. Cc burst-mode o ung nhn
thet p su dng ha ONs hnh. 4.34 cng thung uoc su dng
ac trung thu EPON. Cc EPON burst-mode m hnh thu nghm c th
}nh ngha v mt th gan bo v cua 512 ns, chu mo u cua %400 ns v xy
m hnh tnuous km tra ngu nhn (CRPAT) hoac n tc m hnh thu nghm tter (CTP)
trong t (8 b/10 B m ha) cua nheu 3.360 bt.
Modue EPON ang uoc nh g h thng rng r trong ngnh cng nghp 22, 25,
86-91. Hnh 4.38 (a) cho thay ac tnh BER cua mt EPON burst-mode
Thu OLT o nht phng 25. nhy cua my thu ny v PIN
photodode uoc thay rat t (t hon 0,5 dB) nhu nht thay t
08C 70 8C. Cc ung thng dn cho hu suat BER n tc
Che P2P. nhy thu t mt BER cua 10A12 2#.0 dBm du 1,25-
Gbps n tc che PRBS dng d u t ON 1 t OLT. Khc
dau vet trong o th} cho thay ac m P2MP BER v d on u cua
512 bt v 960 bt, tuong ng. Trong c ha trung hop P2MP, s nhy cm nhn
p ng cc chun IEEE 802.3ah g tr} quy }nh cua 24.0 dBm. nhy 1.1 dB
s khc bt ga ha ket qu o burst-mode uoc quan st,
do s khc bt cheu d on u. Bu o ny cng cho thay s bng n-
che hnh pht 1,6 dB ga n tc che so v P2MP burst-mode.
Trong trung hop n u ngn, cc OLT burst-mode nhn c mt A1.5 dBm
n qu t, v mt 24.4 nhy cm dBm t BER cua 10A12 , Do ,
h thng d ng 22,9 dB. N p ng thnh cng cc khuyen ngh}
cua IEEE802.3ah.
Hnh 4.38 (b) cho thay r rng s bng n che men th gan thc hn thu-
hm trong trung hop th gan mo u cua 512 bt. Thu bt che ny c th thch ng v cc
t ngt thay mc nang uong, n cch khc, n c 22,9 dB cua h thng nang ng
dao ng trong th gan bo v cua 32 bt. Trong trung hop cua quyen c mnh m quyen c yeu
0.01
203
(M, 9\0b&t 6^& +C SG
(M, 51(b&t 6^& +C SG
(, 6&=n tc chF
W)U (71,5 8H+
l
HE_
5
\
w
8
9
10
11
1E71(
k
ZR thng 8a& ng
3 1 3 0 2 9 2 8 2 7 2 6 2 5 2 4
5
4
3
2
1
(I)
SG JK4 8Lng s;ng bG%ng hnc
Y;& +Lnh + JK 6>G
(71,5 $H+)
Y;& MFG JK ng5n
(7(l,l $H+)
ZR thng 8a& ng bqng ((,9 8H
Y;& +Lnh + JK 6>G
(71,5 $H+)
SG r% 8Lng s;ng &Rn
$B 6&RG
(1518 bMte)
X86es
(lk5,( ns)
TDn i V^& n;& SG
$B 6&RG
(\l bMte)
X86es
(lk5,( ns)
$B 6&RG
(1518 bMte)
(H)
Hnh 4.38 (A) o n tc che (P2P) so v burst-mode BER. (B) u vo v
u ra cho burst-mode nhn.
204
qu trnh chuyn , mc cng suat g yeu uoc phc ho chm hon so v cc dn
trung hop do nh huong AC-khp n.
Hnh 4.39 cho thay ung cong BER burst-mode cua mt my thu EPON OLT
da trn APD photodode. Cc php o BER uoc thc hn trn
t trong cua g tn yeu t BM-Tx nhu ON 1, v thay quang
sc mnh cua ON 2. L bt ch tnh trong g yeu. R rng
cho thay mt s nhy cm rat tt ve A3# dBm, hnh pht khng ng k do BM
g tn, v khong 2-dB bt che hnh pht kh au n 2 c cng suat cao nhu
A# dBm.
Bn tm tt cua mt nh nuc-of-the-art EPON thu pht hu suat 22
uoc ua ra trong Bng 4.8. Hu suat h thng chng mnh o y vuot qu
thng s k thut uoc quy }nh trong tu chun IEEE 802.3ah 9. Cho APD / TIA
nhn, sc mnh tnh trng qu t o cho BM Rx ny hon A1.5 dBm, cc
cao nhat cho mt my d APD.
Cn uu rng, truy cp Ethernet quang hoc, knh te bng aser FP
t uoc e ngh} cho khong cch n en 20 km tu chun so on mode
Phm v nht (SMF-28) trn mo rng. Trong }ch su, hot ng o sng
d gn cua s phn tn thap cua SMF-28 khng ph mt van e. Nhung
yu cu nht mo rng v ben buc sng p at mt nghm ngat
HNt chF /^ng c4ng HE_ J:& h%& W)Us
PM (_H"w h4pc P_IT)
HM W)U ( (I)
HM W)U ( (7(w 8H+)
HM W)U ( (71( 8H+)
HM W)U ( (7\ 8H+)
1e7l
1e75
T 6R 6`& b&t
1e7w
HM7T3 W)U 1 J:&
WVT HM_3
Th%M E& th/0ng +L&
"!! T3 W)U (
cG%ng &Rn
1e79
1e711
1e71k
4 0 . 0
3 8 . 0 3 6 . 0 3 4 . 0
cG%ng &Rn thG (8H+)
3 2 . 0
Hnh 4.39 ung cong bt che BER cho cc g d u yeu nhu mt chc nang cua cc mc cng suat cua
cc g tn mnh 1,25 Gbps, cho thay s xung cap cua OLT Rx nhy cm do
nh huong cua cc g d u mnh m.
Bng 4.8
205
Mt nh nuc-of-the-ngh thut tm tt hu suat EPON thu pht ung n so v
Tu chun IEEE 802.3ah
Paramet ERS
T bt
BER
Laser bt tt
Laser bt trn
nhy Rx
Rx qu t
G quyet th gan
Phm v hot ng
o
1,25
10-12
2
%8
34.0 (A)
' A1.5
%100
' 28 (B)
IEEE 802.3ah
1,25
10-12
512
512
A27
A#
400
21
on v
Gbps
ns
ns
dBm
dBm
ns
dB
Bao gom 2 dB BM pht do nh huong mnh m g. G tr} o uoc g hn bo 2 t a
Mc cng suat au n trong thet p.
ngn sch phn tn 92, 93. Chng t m mt ot cc th nghm chng mnh ng k
hn che h thng khng th do hnh pht phn tn khc nhau 22 o
hnh pht phn tn c th cao nhu 3 dB du nht cao. G hn ny
H thng EPON m vc, hoac trong phm v nht gm (0-70 8C! hoac
em trn aser DFP dnh cho tn km hon.
4.6.3 Tc ng cua Anaog CATV Overay
Cn uu rng PON thu pht cng c th h tro mt vdeo RF
che phu su dng thm cc buc sng 1550 nm o vng h uu 10. Ny
at trong tm vo cc thng s cch y quang ga anaog v
buc sng h uu k thut s o ngu nhn au n, v xc }nh chat uong
Yu cu cc b oc ONT WDM 80, 94. o BER cua k thut s
tn hu v cung cap d}ch v-to-nose (CNR) cua tn hu vdeo uoc che phu kh th v
Km tra BER v phn tch mng.
yu cu m cc p phu cua d buc sng thm khng can thp vo
vc truyen d u. Hnh 4.40 (a) cho thay tc ng cua CATV cross-tak
thnh phn trn suy tho BER cua tn hu k thut s 80. o ung
e cp en s nhy cm cua Rx A30 dBm. CATV thnh phn teng on trong khong
A50 dBm A30 dBm uoc thm vo v cc ung cong BER nhn uoc v trong kh
thet p cc mc cng suat k thut s mc nhy cm, mc nhy cm cua n A1 dB, v
mc nhy cm 1d1. R rng hon 40 dB c p cn thet duy tr
tc ng khng ng k.
V thc te cc knh truyen hnh anaog nhy cm nhat v teng on,
o trn cc tu sn bay tuong t cng uoc thc hn. Hnh 4.40 (b) cho thay
206
T&Fng n &Rn PITs ( \(( Mb T s)
1e70(
1e70k
1e70l
1e705
1e70\
HE_
1e70w
1e708
1e709
1e710
1e711
1e71(
5 0
4 5 4 0 3 5
&Rn ten h&RG PITs trGng bunh (8H+)
T&Fng n &Rn -y thGNt s ( \(( Mb T s)
50
l5
l0
P)_ (8H)
k5
k0
(5
(0
15
10
5 0
4 5
_O 4zer MX) i 1 8H+
_O 4zer MX)
_O 4zer MX) &Rn 1 8H+
_O 4zer nhLM i 1 8H+
_O 4zer nhLM (7k0 8H+)
_O 4zer nhLM 1 8H+
3 0
(I)
(H)
4 0 3 5
TrGng bunh &Rn ten h&RG -y thGNt s (8H+)
3 0
2 5
Hnh 4.40 (A) tc ng cua tn hu CATV trn BER cua ngu nhn k thut s. (B) nh huong cua k thut s
tn hu qua n chuyn trn CNR cua my thu CATV.
tc ng cua cc tn hu k thut s n chuyn qua ve s xung cap CNR cua CATV
nhn. Su dng mt my thu CATV c mt CNR 44 dB t A# dBm, trung bnh
n tn hu k thut s trong phm v A50 dBm A30 dBm uoc thm vo, v ngu nhn
Tm tt v Outook
207
ung cong CNR uoc v trong kh thet p cc mc cng suat CATV t thu
mc nhy cm (v d: A# dBm), mc nhy cm A1 dB, v mc nhy cm 1 dB.
CNR suy tho uoc quan st v tang sc mnh tn hu h uu d u, v
g hn cua CNR 41 dB t uoc t A422d1m k thut s n chuyn qua.
4.7 TOM TT VA TRIN VONG
Chuong ny nu ra nhng yu cu h thng, cho php cng ngh, v
phuong php nh g h thng bao gom cc kha cnh khc nhau cua hn t
tnh trng thu pht quang hoc trong b cnh ng dng PON. PON xuyn
cevers cc thet b} c o ha cheu su dng buc sng khc nhau truyen t
v nhn tn hu ga OLT v ONs qua mt so on. Cc
o khc nhau cua Pons, tc BPON, EPON, v G-PON, mac d tat c cc phn cua
ke hoch buc sng tuong t, khc nhau trong vc truyen t tc bt n v h uu,
t, t phn cha, v bt che nang ng, trong tc ng thng s k thut
cua thu pht tuong ng. Yu cu h thng cua ho uoc quyet }nh bo cc n ket
ngn sch mt sc mnh tng tht h knh, hnh pht n, v o nhun
yu cu. V do ny, cc h thng PON tn ten nhu PX20
EPON, p B v BTH G-PON, hoac thm ch trong tuong a WDM-PON v 10G Pons
vn cn b} ch ph bo cc thnh phn quang n tu t ten trong kh hu suat cao-
hm v tnh nang b sung cn thet p ng cc h thng nghm ngat ac t
vn hnh. Bn cnh , PON pont-to-mutpont ken trc nng cao s cn thet cua PON
phuong php thu nghm c th khc v phuong php thu nghm quang hoc thng thung
m t cc thng s p vt cua modue thu pht quang.
Mt trong nhng van e quan trong cho thu PON t hu nang / ch ph
o bng thng s k thut v ch ph on v} cua quang xuyn
cevers. Dng chnh cua cng ngh PON thu pht hn vn cn em trn
thet b} quang n rng bt, c p TO-on, ng g v cp ong trc
BOSAs uoc p rp v km tra bng tay v tch cc. Mac d thung
co ao ng, v kh khan mo rng quy m v tang ng k kh
ume, c ten n tc cua PON thung ny thu pht techno-
ogy ve tch hop h ong qun tr} cap m cho n vn cng ngh hn hnh cua
a chon 19. Cng ngh PLC ang n n ng dn sng da trn, trong ha hen
monothcay tch hop cc thnh phn hot ng v th ng vo cng mt ph
strate o cap chp, ang uoc pht trn chuyn su. N uoc d ken s
g php cu cng t uoc cc yu cu sn xuat kh uong v ch ph mong mun
mac d truc n chua nhat thet ph at ra nhng thch thc truc mt v nhng tc ng trn
ch ph v hu suat cua my thu pht quang hoc hn c.
R rng co h knh doanh rat n cua Pons trn kha knh te
buc n c nghn cu v pht trn chuyn su cho sng to v t ph
cng ngh trong nheu nh vc cua cng ngh thu pht, m ha
208
thay the cc BOSAs hn t m chp r rc v cc b phn v mt cao
tch hop cc g php da trn tch hop a hoac monothca. Cc m
cng ngh cu cng s gp gm s uong cc thnh phn r rc,
nng cao nang suat sn xuat, tang thng uong sn xuat, v
gm ch ph tng th, v nhu vy. Mt khu vc hot ng ng nhc en
t ph trong cng ngh aser InP 95-97. V n cng uoc bet rng mt d
tm PON bao gom khong cch truyen dn 20 km trnh by phn tn nghm trong
suy yeu n quan cho h uu 1490 nm v 1550 nm tn hu 92, 93
tn km DFBs hep newdth hoac m mt hoac m nh, ph
su dng. Hnh pht n phn tn gy ra cng mt van e v thuong nguon
tn hu xung quanh 1310 nm trong G-PON chy o 2,5 Gbps, m tang
tng ch ph cua cc au n thu pht ng k. Thng thung on sng
cheu d aser DFB yu cu cch y quang gm teng on khng mong mun thng tn phn ho
vo hp aser cho hot ng n }nh. Ho nhu vy, tn km v ng gp
phn ng k ch ph trong cc m-un BOSA. Nhng pht trn m nhat
trong ch ph thap, nguon aser y mn ph ve aser che r rc 96 v
t uoc ket DFB-97 p ng nhu cu ny v cc yu cu cua th} trung. Trong ac
ar, cc cuc bu tnh gn y cua Vtesse v Ebana Photnoncs cua y mn ph
aser sn xuat trn mt dy chuyen m vc che to v mch n tu su dng tu chun
Cng c xu v mch c th dn en cc n tu o hu suat nhat qun trong
xy dng cc thet b} aser dode 96.
Nhng thch thc cng ngh quan trong trong thu pht PON : (1) o thuong nguon
bt che cng ngh truyen dn quang, (2) u ra pht quang
sc mnh cng nhu nhy thu quang hoc p ng cc n ket h thng tang
yu cu ngn sch, v (3) t ngy cao hon. Burst-mode IC thet ke vn
dn cho mt trong nhng khu vc hot ng nghn cu, m h aser burst-mode
xe mch v APC thc an ve pha truc, v bt che mch tep nhn quang
bng phuong tn cua ATC v phuong php n tc v / hoac d ng-AGC. Mt nhy cao
PIN hoac APD cng v teng on thap preampfer IC v hn che v mch khuech
93, 98 yeu t quan trong c thn nhy quang hoc v nang ng rng cua n
phm v. Hon na, v tang mc tch hop uong tu nh sng v nh gon hon
p rp u cu quang thu pht quang hoc, s ga tang n v
cho quang n chuyn 99 ga vc truyen v nhn cc knh s tro thnh
mt thch thc ng k. Van e cross-tak ac bt quan trong v
knh vdeo trong thu pht trpexer.
Mac d h thng 1 Gbps PON nhu EPON v G-PON t uoc
ph ben, h thng PON nhanh hon nheu c nhu cu trong khu vc m nheu
ngu dng doanh nghp cn dung uong n ung dy thu bao. Theo quan m cua xu hung ny,
WDM-
H thng PON 101, 102 rng cc d}ch v tc cao mutpex bng WDM
knh cng nhu cc h thng PON 10-Gbps hn ang uoc nghn cu chuyn su.
Gn y, IEEE 802.3 103 bt u c uong ac nhm 802.3av tch cc pht trn
Tu chun EPON 10-Gbps. Cc mc tu cua 10-G c uong ac nhm EPON
T u tham kho
209
pht trn c ha hot ng tc ung truyen 10 Gbps xng v bat xng no
hot ng xng s hot ng o tc 10 Gbps trong c h uu v
hung thuong nguon. S pht trn ny r rng at ra thm ch nghm ngat hon
thch thc trong burst-mode IC pht trn 104, 105 v h nheu hon
hap dn thet ke thu pht. 10-Gbps thu pht ch ph-hu qu, c
mt kh nang rng cc yeu t hnh thc modue cm nh m go SFP
uoc quy }nh bo Uy ban SFF (SFF 8431), c th ng mt va tr quan trong trong
pht trn h thng PON tuong a 106.
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T u tham kho
211
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Chuong 5
Khc nhau, v nang ng
Phn b bang thng
Nork Mk v Kyom Kumoak
NTT mng truy nhp H thng D}ch v phng th nghm
5.1 khc nhau,
5.1.1 Mc ch cua Khc nhau
K t kh mt s on v} mng quang hoc (ONs) uoc ket n v mt dy quang
cham dt (OLT) gao dn trong mt mng quang th ng h thng (PON), mt
phuong php mutpex tn hu t m ON bt buc. Mt trong nhng phuong php ny
phn cha th gan truy cp nheu (TDMA) tch cc tn hu vo cc khe th gan
ho khng va chm. Cc phuong php khc ngo TDMA bao gom buc sng
phn cha nheu truy cp (WDMA) tch cc tn hu quang hoc v
buc sng v phn cha m a truy nhp (CDMA) uoc su dng rng r
trong cc h thng n tho d ng. Do thc te rng phuong php TDMA nhat
t ten by g, h thng PON su dng phuong php TDMA nhng ngu duy nhat
uoc tu chun ha v thuong m ua vo truy cp quang h
Hung dn thanh ton 1-3.
By g, chng ta hy g thch c th hon ve phuong php TDMA trong bao gom
Khc nhau. Th nhat, OLT o s chm tr chuyen vng quanh (RTD) au n. Nhu
hnh. 5.1, th gan truyen tn hu cua m ON uoc eu chnh ph hop-
ng RTD ny cc tn hu t ONs c nhn en th m khc nhau
v khng trng nhau. Phuong php TDMA nheu thnh cc tn hu t khc nhau
ONs trong cc khe th gan khng chong an. Y thc cung cap d}ch v truy cp nheu v
pht hn va chm (CSMA / CD) gao thc uoc su dng trong the h u Ethernet mt
phuong php n teng m cng tch tn hu ngu su dng theo th gan. CSMA / CD
phuong php cng c th uoc phn o nhu mt gao thc TDMA trong mt ngha rng hon.
215
216
_T$1 T (
WVT SG JK4
8B 6&RG 1
8B 6&RG (
8B 6&RG 1
8B 6&RG (
Th^& g&%n
W)U 1 SG r%
8B 6&RG 1
8B 6&RG 1
Th^& g&%n
DG n& ( SG r%
8B 6&RG (
8B 6&RG (
Th^& g&%n
_T$( T (
Hnh 5.1 Phn cha th gan truy cp nheu.
V phuong php CSMA / CD, neu thet b} u cu khc ang truyen tn hu, mt
thet b} u cu ph ch o cho vc truyen t hon thnh. N c th truyen d u rng cua
mnh
ngay p tc neu thet b} u cu khc khng truyen tn hu. Neu d u unfortu-
natey va chm v cc tn hu t thet b} u cu khc, my pht ch o cho mt
cheu d th gan ngu nhn v truyen d u. L do t sao chm tr ngu nhn
su dng gm thu xc suat cua v va chm khc. Kh chm tr ngu nhn v
truyen uoc ap ap , kh nang tep tc va chm tro thnh
gm thu theo cap s nhn. Phuong php ny khng yu cu ph o RTD
v neu khong cch trong vng v tram mt, n c chm tr rat thap v
hu qu cao. Tuy nhn, neu khong cch en v chc cy s nhu trong
mng cp truy cp, n s mat nheu th gan pht hn neu thet b} u cu khc
truyen cc tn hu hoac neu c mt v va chm. V vy, s c mt
xu hung cua v va chm thung xuyn v truyen , v bat o ny s gy ra mt
gm ng k hu qu v ga tang mnh m trong s chm tr.
Khc nhau, uoc thc hn o b s cn thet cho d u truyen , do
bng cch su dng bang thng hu qu v g th gan tr t a cho
t thu bng cch ngan chan cc tn hu t nheu ONs t va chm.
5.1.2 Khc nhau, Thu tc Tng quan
Khong cch ga OLT v ON thung khc v au n
au n. Tr kh m RTD uoc xc }nh mt cch chnh xc, th gan truyen
khng th uoc thet p. V ngh , neu chng ta m uoc ket n mt ON, chng t
u tn ph o RTD. Bo nh cua h eu hnh (OPS), cc
Khc nhau,
217
OLT t ng v thung xuyn m cho c san cc cua s khc nhau cho s chm tr
o ung (nhu hnh. 5.2) v xc }nh mt au n truyen tn hu cho
tr hon o. Cheu d cua cua s khc nhau, uoc thet p theo
khong cch ga OLT v ON. Neu au n nm trong khong
5-10 km t OLT, cheu d cua cua s khc nhau, s cn ph c
t nhat (10-5 km) 2 / (300.000 km/sec/1.5) 50 m gy, theo th gan n
cn cho nh sng du }ch qua ga OLT v ON. Trong ny
bu hn, 1,5 chet suat cua so quang.
C ha cch xc }nh au n cho Khc nhau. Mt quy }nh c th phuong php
ch c mt au n ang k v cc phuong php khc quy }nh c th tat c cc ang k
ONs. Trong phuong php u tn, mt au n v mt s ID duy nhat uoc quy }nh trong
ten t OPS. Trong phuong php th ha, OLT khng bet
s ID duy nhat cua m ON. Trong trung hop ny, chng ta cng ph ua vo t khon
rng mt s ONs c th truyen tn hu o ung s chm tr ong th
v rng RTD gn u cho cc tn hu chong n nhau. Mt trong nhng
phuong php gm va chm trong qu trnh khc nhau, truyen tn hu cho s chm tr
o ung v mt s chm tr ngu nhn, tuong t nhu phuong php uoc su dng trong Ethernet.
Phuong php ny uoc p dng cho c G-PON 2 v EPON 3. Ngay c kh mt v va chm
khng may xy ra o no u tn, n c th thc hn mt s chm tr bn php-
cha m khng c va chm bng cch ap vc truyen t ha n hoac ba n, vv
K t kh truyen d u ngu dng chua uoc bt u truc kh khc nhau, xong,
tr khng uoc tang n. Ch th gan t ket n v Modem thc s
truyen thng bt u ho ko d. Tat nhn, s chm tr ngu nhn su dng
trnh nhng ganh ua khng uoc bao gom trong RTD o.
P?% sE -hc nh%G,
8B 6&RG 1
8B 6&RG (
_T$ +:& DG n&
8B 6&RG 1
Th^& g&%n
8B 6&RG 1
Th^& g&%n
8B 6&RG (
Th^& g&%n
Ten h&RG ch4 sU chN+ tr
4 6/^ng
Hnh 5.2 Khc nhau, cua s.
WVT SG JK4
W)U 1 SG r%
DG n& ( SG r%
"an 6/9ng DG n& +:&
Th^& g&%n
218
Sau kh uoc o RTD, th gan truyen cua au n ph uoc
eu chnh v c thm mt m cn uu . khong th gan
(Hoac th gan bo v) ga cc tn hu uoc truyen bo mt ON nhat }nh v nhng
y truyen qua ONs khc. Ph c u th gan bo v cc
tn hu t ONs khc nhau khng va chm. Khong th gan bo v ny uoc go
trn khng v (BOH). Cc yeu t sau nh huong en kch thuc cua bng n
trn:
1. L trong RTD o: RTD o km v v chng t
ph d on gy ra bo cm gc bon chon ong ho v uong tu ha cua RTD
g tr}.
2. Thay trong RTD: S thay trong RTD khong 36 ps/km/8C, do s
ph thuc nht cua ch s khc x v gn no nht cua
so quang. Ngo s thay trong th gan tuyn truyen tn hu,
chng ta cng ph xc }nh chnh xc s ben ng cua th gan xu trong
thet b}.
3. ON / OFF th gan cua aser: Th gan cng suat pht n }nh (aser trn
th gan) kh aser au n uoc bt v th gan cho hu quang
gm xung mt mc m khng cn tro vc au n tep nhn tn hu tep theo kh
aser uoc chuyn sang OFF (aser gm th gan) ph uoc thc hn c san.
4. Th gan thet p nhn: Chng ta ph ua vo t khon th gan tu chun cn thet
cho php kha thc cua ong ho v d u t cc tn hu nhn uoc
OLT. eu ny bao gom th gan cn thet eu chnh mc thu nhu
eu khn t ng (AGC) th gan g quyet, ong b ha th gan cht
nhn uoc tn hu, v th gan ong b ha m.
Kh BOH uoc ko d, n dn en s suy gm hu qu v
kh n uoc rt ngn, mat khc, ch ph cua cc thnh phn tang.
Yu cu thc hn mt thet ke m s ua vo t khon ny trade-off.
Nhng ngu quan tm en s ten c th cua BOH nn tham kho cc
gay trong 4.
Trong phn sau y chng t s g thu cc buc khc nhau, c th hon con-
cernng G-PON v EPON.
5.1.3 Khc nhau, Ngh} }nh thu cua G-PON
IT-T Rec. G.983.2 B-PON v ngu ke nhm cua n IT-T Rec. G.984.3 G-PON
su dng mt thu tc Khc nhau, tuong t. O y, chng t s g thu ch Khc nhau
thu tc cua G-PON.
Cc thu tc khc nhau, G-PON ac trung cha thnh ha ga on.
Trong ga on u tn, ang k s sera cho ang k au n v
phn b ON-ID cho au n uoc thc hn.
Khc nhau,
219
S sera mt ID au n c th v ph uoc duy nhat ton. Cc
ON-ID, mat khc uoc su dng cho vc km sot, gm st v km tra
au n. V vy, n c th duy nhat ch trong vng PON rng cua mnh.
Cc buc thc hn trong ga on u nhu sau (Hnh 5.3):
1. OLT xc }nh tat c cc au n hn gao ngan chan thuong nguon xuyn
nhm v (au n tm dng).
2. Cc quy }nh c th OLT au n m khng c mt ON-ID truyen s
(Sera_number yu cu).
3. Kh nhn uoc yu cu truyen s, mt au n m khng c mt
ON-ID truyen s (SN-truyen) sau kh ch o mt
th gan ngu nhn (t a 50 m gy).
4. OLT gn mt ON-ID ang k mt ON c n tep s
nhn uoc bnh thung (gao thng au n-ID).
Trong ga on tep theo, RTD uoc o cho m ON ang k m.
Hon na, ga on ny cng uoc p dng cho ONs m b} mat tn hu cua ho trong
thng tn n c. Cc buc c th nhu sau (Hnh 5.4):
5. OLT xc }nh tat c cc ONs hn gao ngan chan thuong nguon
truyen (au n tm dng).
6. Bng cch su dng s sera ang k, OLT }nh mt ON ch c th
truyen tn hu o ung s chm tr (Khc nhau, yu cu).
7. ON trong c mt s ph hop v s quy }nh
truyen tn hu o ung s chm tr (Khc nhau truyen), m
bao gom cc ON-ID uoc gao trong ga on u tn.
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Hnh 5.4 GPON khc nhau, ga on 2: o s chm tr.
8. OLT o RTD theo th gan m tn hu cho s chm tr
o ung uoc nhn. Hon na, sau kh xc nhn rng combn-
aton cua s v au n-ID chnh xc, n s thng bo cho Su ngang nhau
Chm tr (V Teqd RTD) au n (tn nhn Rangng_tme). O y, Teqd
s uong n tc v thet p g tr} t a RTD trong PON. Cho
V d, trong trung hop cua 20 km RTD t a, Teqd 200 m gy.
9. ON gh nh nhng s C tr n nhn uoc v tr hon vc subse-
quent thuong nguon truyen t th gan bo g tr} ny.
Thng qua qu trnh ny, tat c dao ng au n tro thnh tuong uong v mt RTD cua Teqd
(V gc RTD Cn bng Deay).
5.1.4 Khc nhau, Ngh} }nh thu cua EPON
Trong trung hop cua EPON tu chun ha bo IEEE 802.3, tat c cc thng p eu khn cho
PON (MPCPD) c mt Dau th gan v phuong php ny uoc ac trung bo s
Khc nhau, v ong b ha ong ho su dng Dau th gan ny.
Hon na, EPON khc nhau t G-PON trong cc }a ch MAC Ethernet
uoc su dng thay cho s, n ket ID hop (LLID) uoc su dng o v} tr cua
ON-ID, v LLID uoc phn cng v RTD uoc o trong mt ga on duy nhat.
Khc nhau, cc thu tc trong EPON nhu sau:
1. OLT tm dng vc phn b bang thng nguoc dng cho tat c ONs hn nay
gao tep to ra mt khu vc th gan trng (cua s Khc nhau). Th gan bt u
th gan cua cua s Khc nhau ny uoc go StartTme.
Phn b nang ng bang thng (DBA)
221
2. OLT truyen tn Dscovery GATE v StartTme. GATE mt
thng bo en au n ra thng bo khong th gan m trong d u thuong nguon
c th uoc truyen . GATE su dng cho khc nhau, uoc go Dscovery
GATE.
3. Mt au n m khng c LLID gao u tn thet p th gan }a phuong v g tr} cua
Dau th gan cua Dscovery GATE nhn uoc. Sau kh ch o mt ngu nhn
th gan Twat t StartTme quy }nh t Dscovery GATE, n
pht mt tn nhn yu cu ang k. G tr} t a o ngu nhn
cng quy }nh trong Dscovery GATE. ON g }a phuong (V StartTme
chm tr ngu nhn) uoc vet trong Dau th gan cua k yu cu.
4. v mt yu cu ang k uoc nhn bnh thung t OLT, cc OLT
tnh ton RTD G }a phuong OLT Dau th gan cua k Yu cu
(StartTme Tdownstreatm Twat T34s+5e6m! (StartTme Twat)
Tdownstream Tupstream. Tdownstream v Tupstream dn cho
h uu v thuong uu chm tr truyen dn tuong ng. OLT cng
phn b mt LLID m cho au n, v gh nh nhng s LLID v RTD
ket hop v }a ch MAC cua ON . Sau n pht mt k
tn nhn au n .
5. ON nhn uoc tn nhn ang k, gh nh nhng s LLID v
tr ve mt tn nhn ang k Ack en OLT ket thc Khc nhau.
Sau , OLT truyen StartTme sua cha bng cch tr
RTD t StartTme cua mc tu v truyen n cho au n m kh n
phn b bang thng cua GATE.
Tr nguoc v s eu chnh G-PON m cho su dng RTD o pha bn au n,
EPON m cho sua cha o pha OLT.
5.2 NNG ONG BNG THONG CAP (DBA)
5.2.1 DBA Tng quan
Trong ph. 5.1, chng t m t cc phuong php ngan nga s chong cho ve th gan phn b
khe cm. Trong phn ny, chng t s m t m the no phn cha bang thng.
Phn b bang thng c }nh (FBA) phuong php s phn b determn-
cua s truyen stc trong mt chu ky xc }nh cho ONs c nhn. V
FBA, trong kh bang thng v s chm tr n }nh, n khng ph hu qu k t kh bang thng
uoc tu th ngay c kh khng c uu uong thuong nguon. Nguoc , gao at DBA
bang thng cho m ON theo nhu cu gao thng o thuong nguon v yu cu.
Mac d n uoc thet ke cho hu qu tt hon, neu cc DBA khng ph mt cch thch hop
uoc thet ke p ng cc ch tet k thut d}ch v, n c th dn en tang chm tr hoac thm ch
hu qu su dng bang thng b} hu hng.
222
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Hy chng t u tn cung cap mt g thch on gn ve cch hot ng DBA (Hnh 5.5).
1. Cc cua hng au n gao thng nguoc dng nhn uoc t ngu su dng trong b m.
2. Tep theo, kh uong d u uoc uu tr trong b m uoc thng bo cho OLT nhu mt yu cu
t mt th m theo quy }nh cua OLT.
3. OLT xc }nh th gan bt u truyen t v th gan c san
(V truyen cua s) au n nhu mt khon tro cap, c tnh en thng bo
kh uong v thng s k thut d}ch v.
4. ON ch o cho th gan cap v sau truyen OLT-quy }nh
kh uong d u.
T m 3, thng s k thut d}ch v e cp o y e cp en m bo mn-
bang thng mum, bang thng t a, th gan tr t a, vv Bng cch ny,
cc n ket trc tep DBA thng s k thut d}ch v. at n trong mt cch khc, mt
thet ke hon ton khc nhau cn thet neu cc d}ch v khc nhau. O y, chng t
ua ra g thuyet d}ch v ch v cc v d ve thet ke DBA da trn
g thuyet.
5.2.2 D}ch v mc tu
H thng ph p ng cc chc nang v hu suat cn thet cho thn
vdng d}ch v ch v cng ph uoc thet ke v ch ph t thu. y
bo v neu h thng cho ngu dng n chung v s uong ngu dng vuot qu
10.000.000, s khc bt cua mt v a cho m ngu dng s hn th} nhu mt s khc
dn cua hng chc tru a u tu. DBA ph thuc phn n vo
thng s k thut d}ch v v cc d}ch v thay , DBA khng c a chon no khc
thay ng k. Do , DBA ph uoc thet ke v cc }nh ngha r rng
cc d}ch v mc tu.
223
Ngy nay, nhu cu n nhat cho FTTH d}ch v truy cp Internet. Cc
ac m chung cua cc d}ch v truy cp Internet uoc tm tt nhu sau:
1. Vn chuyn cc g d u cheu d thay cua Internet Protoco (IP) ga ngu su dng
v cc nh cung cap d}ch v.
2. Gao dn ngu su dng mng (NI) c c cao v IP v Ethernet
(100Base-TX hoac 1000Base-T) ph ben nhat trong co so su dng.
3. Bang thng ph uoc phn ph mt cch cng bng ga cc ngu dng khng gng nhu mt
mng LAN
h thng phn ph m bang thng trn mt-en truc uoc phc v truc co so.
4. Hon na, gn y, c mt nhu cu cung cap d}ch v b sung
v bang thng m bo v s chm tr (OoS), chng hn nhu tho qua IP (VoIP).
By g chng ta c mt c nhn su sc hon ve ac m cua gao thng truy cp Internet.
N cng uoc bet rng uu uong truy cp Internet rat bng pht. Chng ta c th
hu r hon eu ny kh chng ta ngh ve truy cp Web. Mt ngu dng t
d u t mt trang web, hn th} n trn / mn hnh my tnh cua mnh v xem n. Th gan
rng ngu dng xem mn hnh khng rt ngn ngay c kh tc cua Internet
truy cp tang v th m rt ngn t d u. Cao hon
tc cua cc n ket truy cp Internet, tuong ng t t phn tram
th gan t d u, v bng pht hon gao thng. Hon na, ngay c
uu uong truy cp t P2P (peer-to-peer) g cc ng dng cha s tp tn, m
chem mt phn n cc uu uong truy cp Internet ngy nay, bng pht, v
d u khng n tc truyen nhung truyen ch kh c yu cu.
Trong kh , n dung trc tep d chuyn hnh nh tang n gn y
nhung y nhng uu uong truy cp khng t ch v Mbps m tep tc cho mt
v g v khng c nheu ngu dnh c ngy xem trc tep
d chuyn hnh nh.
C th, c bao nhu d u uoc ngu dng truyen trong mt ngy Chng ta c th tham kho
bo co thng 11 nam 2005 trn nhng pht hn ve ngu su dng Internet gao thng o Nht Bn
5.
Nhng m quan trong uoc trch dn trong b vet Nht Bn ny :'' Kh chng ta }nh ngha nang
ngu su dng nhu mt ngu to ra 2,5 GB uu uong truy cp trong mt ngy (trung bnh 230
kbps), cc
t ngu su dng nang bn phn tram cua ton b, v tuong uong v ha
phn tram ngu su dng ADSL, mu phn tram cua ngu su dng FTTH tuong ng. Luu uong su
dng
bn phn tram ny ngu su dng nang chem khong by muo am phn tram
ton gao thng (thuong nguon).''
Luu uong thuong nguon cua ngu su dng nang quy }nh t eu ny ch 230 kbps trn
trung bnh m ngy. Ngay c kh chng t thu thp 32 ngu su dng nang, tng uu uong truy cp
ch t
7.4 Mbps. Bng cch tham ga vo tnh chat rat bng pht cua uu uong truy cp trong thc te, chng
ta hy
chng t tnh ton th gan truyen d u cua mt ngy. Kh chng ta }nh e rng thuong nguon
thng uong cua d}ch v FTTH t 10 Mbps v 100 Mbps, n s
2,5 Mbps Gbytes/10 -100 Mbps 2000 -200 gy. eu ny c ngha rng ngay c mt nang
ngu su dng ch truyen d u khong v pht en v chc pht
m ngy. Neu thng uoc cha s bo 32 ngu bao gom c ngu su dng nonheavy, chng ta c th
224
thay rng c mt t ng k th gan m trong mt ngu duy nhat
c th chem bang thng y u thuong nguon.
Va tr g cho cho DBA nhu uu uong truy cp cao bng pht DBA c thn
knh nghm cua cc truy cp bng cch rt ngn th gan ch o cua truyen d u ngu dng
thng qua
tang t cao nhat. Neu t cao nhat mu n, th gan truyen cua mt tp tn
c th ch mt phn mu. Mt d}ch v m c th truyen t mt tp tn trong mt phn ba th gan
(Hoac 1/30) v t nhat 30 Mbps v neu c, 100 Mbps (hoac 1 Gbps) d dng hon
su dng hon mt m ch c th h tro 30 Mbps tat c cc th gan. Mat khc, n
c th cho mt tu sn bay gm ch ph bng cch DBA th ua mt t ten
tp hop n ket chuyn h tro OoS, ngo vc gm tn km
so quang hoc c mt PON t uoc.
K t kh Internet un un-ve ket n c th v ch ph thap bng cch
nheu ngu su dng cha s cc ung dy thu bao co bn t ten, n vn tep tc pht trn mnh
kh ngy cng nheu ngu su dng uoc thm vo. V eu ny trong tm tr, h thng PON su dng
DBA
m t o y c ngha cung cap mt truy cp Internet d dng v knh te
d}ch v v tc cao tt bng cch cha s so quang v hng chc ngu su dng.
5.2.3 Yu cu cua DBA
Phn ny mnh hoa cc yu cu cua DBA v mt mng v d
cau hnh m cung cap mt d}ch v ch trong cc hnh thc p 2 cung cap n ket
cho cc ISP nhu hnh. 5.6. O y, chng ta ph nhn thc uoc rng cc chnh sch OoS c th
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225
khc nhau cho m ISP. Ngo ra, neu s uong p 2 n ket trong gao thng
km sot tang n, n s mang theo mt ch ph v hu qu cua bang thng
s gm k t kh bng n trn khng uoc m t trong ph. 5.1.2 s tang n.
Kh chng ta xem xt nhng yeu t ny, c th thay rng cch cha eu khn gao thng
thnh ha p s thch hop. y ten e m cho n c th
cha s bang thng cng bng ga cc ngu dng bng cch p ke hoch n ON v
thc hn km sot gao thng cua co so co so p / dng chy c p bo m
ISP su dng p }ch n b au n. T u tham kho 6 v 7 tho un n b au n
schedungs cho cc h thng PON v DBA ch tet.
Neu c th cha s bang thng ga cc ngu dng kh v hu qu
bng cch g hn s uong ngu dng cung cap ch o trn mt n ket, n s c th
m bo bang thng t thu cho ngu su dng v s chm tr cho gao thng t hon
bang thng uoc m bo t thu. Do , s cng bng, hu qu, v
s uong ngu dng cha s bang thng yeu t quyet }nh mc t thu
m bo bang thng cho m ngu dng. m bo bang thng t thu v hn che
tr t a rat cn thet cho vc cung cap d}ch v v thng qua bo nh
at v s chm tr (OoS) nhu VoIP. Trong IT-T, cc eu kn ve chat uong khc nhau
d}ch v IP uoc chun ha v tnh trng chm tr nghm ngat nhat end-to-end
t a 100 9 msec cho th gan thc, tter nhy cm, v tuong tc cao
cc ng dng nhu VoIP. Kh thet ke mt h thng, DBA ph uoc thet ke
da trn cc thet p th gan tr t a phn b cho cc truy cp PON
phn cua mng, m mt phn cua s chm tr end-to-end 100 msec nam-
nhc t truc y. Hon na, v cc gao thc TCP, uoc su dng rng r trong
Internet, th gan tr trung bnh ph uoc gm cng nheu cng tt t uoc
mt thng uong cao 8.
Chng t tm tt cc yu cu cho mt thut ton DBA nhu sau, da trn
vc su dng cc g tn Ethernet cheu d thay :
A. Cng bng: Phn b bang thng ga nhng ngu su dng cng bng.
B. chm tr thap: C th t uoc th gan tr t a du }nh
g tr} chm tr v gm thu tr cng nheu cng tt.
C. Hu qu cao: c th tang hu qu cua bang thng v
tang t cao m cng nheu cng tt.
K t kh chng t tp trung vo d}ch v truy cp Internet m su dng Ethernet
gao dn mc tu, t phn sau tro , chng t s nghn cu c th DBA
phuong php da trn EPON. Trong EPON, cc g tn Ethernet khng phn mnh
g n on gn v hu qu. Van e ny nh huong en s cng bng v
hu qu cua vc cha s bang thng. Chng t s m r van e ny trong ph. 5.2.5, v
g thu mt g php cho n trong ph. 5.2.6. DBA chnh n c th uoc p dng cho B-PON
v G-PON. Tuy nhn, v B-PON, chng ta ph uu rng tc cua n thap
bn chat v hu qu gm do ch ph n kh encap-
suatng cc g tn Ethernet cheu d thay trong cc te bo ATM c }nh cheu d 4.
226
Mat khc, trong G-PON, cc g tn Ethernet c th uoc phn mnh bng cch su dng
GEM ng g 2. N m cho thet ke DBA d dng hon neu p rp g /
dsassembers uoc thc hn.
5.2.4 km sot gao thng co bn-Far Oueung
Trong phn ny, chng t s m t Far Oueung k thut co bn cua
eu khn gao thng 10. Far Oueung m cho phn b bang thng cng bng nhat c th. Cc
nguyn tc cua Far Oueung uoc m t trong hnh. 5.7. Cc g tn u vo uoc phn o
do phn o v nhp vo hng o rng bt. Phn o tch
g tn en nhm s uoc phn b bang thng u ra cng bng. Nhu mt
V d, kh cc g d u uoc phn o da trn }a ch thet b} u cu, sn uong
bang thng tuong phn b cho tng thet b} u cu v mt }a ch khc nhau. Trong ny
trung hop, s uong hng o v s uong thet b} u cu ph ph hop. Trong trung hop
cua DBA km sot n ON, ve cc yu cu nu trong
Go ph. 5.2.3 cc g tn u vo uoc phn o theo ngu su dng v phn ph cho cc
tuong ng v hng o. uong nhn, s uong cc hng o v s uong ngu dng
ph ph hop. Ve pha ra cua hng o, n }ch v oc hng o trong mt
round-robn cch thc v ket qu u ra cc g d u t m hng o t uoc
s cng bng. Thm ch neu ngu dng truyen mt uong n uu uong truy cp so v nhng ngu
dng khc,
/ gao thng cua mnh hung vo mt hng o rng bt theo phn o t u vo. Ny
m cho n c th thet ke th gan ch o t a cho u ra. Tm ,
th gan tr t a trong eu kn to t nhat s xy ra kh t a d
cc g tn uoc uu tr trong tat c cc hng o.
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227
Trong b tp ny, hot ng cua }ch nm g cha kha cng bng.
Sau y tng quan ve xep hng cng bng trong n hnh (cn go
xu chung chung) hot ng cua }ch:
1. Thet p mt trong uong w Bt trong m hng o no'' '' dn cho s hng o.
2. Thc hn vc p ke hoch round-robn m xung quanh m hng o tun t
c u. M hng o uoc chon nhn uoc w bt hu nhu trong mt n ap cua
round-robn.
3. Kh tch y uoc mt s cua hng o cua cc bt truyen t S vuot qu hng o cua
u cua dng cheu d g d , Ngha kh mt g tn y u uoc uu tr trong
hng o, xep hng m g tn v m gm cheu d g t S .
4. B qua cc vng trn cho hng o m chua hon ton
uu tr mt g tn.
y mt v d on gn cho thay cch }ch ny hot ng. u tn, chng t g }nh
m w1 2 v w2 1, v hng o u tn uoc nhn cc g tn 3000-bt v
hng o th ha g 1000-bt. O y, chng ta b qua n u cua Ethernet v
khong cch nterframe on gn ha vc g thch.
1. Ban u, S12 v S21.
2. Cc vng trn o uoc ap 1000 n, ket qu S1Nam 2002 v
S21001. Cc g 1000-bt u tn sau uoc truyen t th ha
xep hng. eu ny m gm S2-1.
3. Cc vng trn o uoc ap hon 500 n, dn en S13002 v
S2501. Cc g 3000-bt u tn sau uoc truyen t hng o u tn.
eu ny m gm S1-2.
4. Cc vng trn o uoc ap hon 500 n, dn en S11002 v
S21001. Cc g 1000-bt th ha uoc truyen t hng o th ha.
eu ny m gm S2 tro 1.
5. Cc vng trn o uoc ap hon 1000 n, ket qu S13002
v S21001. Cc g 3000-bt th ha uoc truyen t ngu u tn
xep hng. eu ny m gm S1 tro 2. Trong phn , 1000-bt tep theo
g tn uoc truyen t hng o th ha v S2 uoc gm xung cn 1.
Cc hot ng t (2) (5) uoc ap ap cho en kh khng cn uu uong u vo.
Trong mt s ap t (2) (5), u ra 6000 bt t hng o u tn
v 3000 bt t hng o th ha, ch ra rng bang thng ao-
tp theo t w . Nhu chng ta c th thay r t v d ny,
n c th phn cha bang thng kh bat k d g tn.
N cch khc, m bo bang thng t thu cho th hng o c th
xc }nh bo
w
Tc truyen t u ra 78
w
228
Ngo ra, chng ta c th thay t v d rng s chm tr pht snh trn ngn hon
cc g tn t hng o th ha cng gm.
Van e v }ch WFO ny ch ph trong vc thc hn
o thut ton round-robn. Bo v eu ny, p }ch khc nhau uoc
e ngh} c th uoc thc hn v ch ph thap hon 10-13. Bet thm ch tet c th
tm thay t cc t u tham kho.
By g, kh chng ta p dng cc k thut Far Oueung ve pha thuong uu y truyen
son cua mt h thng PON, hng o tuong ng v ONs c nhn v
n }ch tuong ng v DBA t OLT. Tuy nhn, trong trung hop ny, n s
kh khan c at WFO nhu DBA m khng sua do sau y
hn che:
1. Ch hn che thng tn truyen t au n c th uoc xc }nh bo cc
DBA.
2. Hon na, do s tch bt ga ON v OLT, thng tn-m
ton khng ph th gan thc v ho chm.
3. Bo v s hn dn cua trn khng v (BOH) e cp trong ph. 5.1.2, cc
hu qu huy v thng s gm tr mt s ngn
cc g tn uoc truyen trong mt th trang n.
Trong ph. 5.2.5, chng t s nghn cu cc DBA c th uoc thc hn v ch ph thap
v nhng hn che ny.
5.2.5 IPACT v ben th cua n
B pheu xen k v chu ky th gan thch ngh (IPACT) mt DBA n teng
m c th uoc thc hn v ch ph thap do che ben on gn cua n 14. V
IPACT, cc au n truyen kh uong cua tat c cc g tn uoc uu tr o thuong nguon
nhn uoc m nhu mt yu cu en OLT, v OLT phn b y truyen
cua s son, theo th t xuat hn cua cc yu cu. Nam khc nhau sau y
phuong php c th uoc su dng bo OLT xc }nh kch thuc cua s uoc cap cho
m ON:
1. D}ch v c }nh: OLT phn b mt kch thuc cua s no bat k s ten
cc yu cu au n.
2. D}ch v hn che: Neu s ten yu cu au n vuot qu mc t a
cua s truyen (MTW), MTW uoc phn b v neu khng, phn b cua s
kch thuc trong s ten yu cu au n.
3. D}ch v tn dng n tc: Phn b kch thuc cua s v mt s ten nhat }nh
thm vo yu cu cua ON.
4. D}ch v tn dng tuyen tnh: Phn b kch thuc cua s v kch thuc cua s thm
tuong xng v s ten yu cu cc yu cu cua ON.
229
5. D}ch v n ho: Phn b kch thuc cua s theo s uong au n cua
yu cu v cc hn che s tch t cua cu cng Ncc khon t tro (bao gom c
mt trong nhng uoc cap) khng vuot qu NMTW. O y, N vet tt cua
s ONs. Neu s tch t cua cu cng N1 khon t tro v tep theo
Yu cu au n cua vuot NMTW, phn b NMTW (S tch t
cua cu cng N1 khon t tro).
T (1), (3), v (4) phn b mt kch thuc cua s vuot qu bang thng c }nh
hoac s uong yu cu, hu qu huy neu khng c uu uong truy cp. Ny
chc chn s khng p ng uoc yu cu m t trong ph. 5.2.3. Trong kh ,
(5) tt o ch n c th phn b mt kch thuc cua s t a NMTW neu c
ch c mt au n v gao thng u vo, nhung kh c mt s ONs v u vo
gao thng, n phn b khng cng bng trn mt-en truc uoc phc v truc co so. N cch khc,
n
khng p ng 5.2.3 A. V vy, trong chuong ny, chng t s nghn cu cc ac m
v cc hot ng c th n quan en phuong php (2) o trn.
DBA d}ch v hn che (2) hot ng theo cch sau y v c th
co mt phuong php DBA c nguon gc bo k on gn ha H cho
Xep hng cch tep cn trong ph. 5.2.4:
(I) OLT nh nhng kch thuc cua s truyen t t a (MTWt) Cua
m ON. MTW nyttuong uong v trong uong cua WFO.
(I) Th nhat, OLT cap pht cua s truyen theo th t xuat hn cua
yu cu t m ON.
(I) M ON truyen uong d u uoc uu tr o thuong nguon tep nhn
m nhu mt yu cu.
(Iv) Hy chng t xc }nh Wreq nhu kch thuc cua s cn thet cho mt au n gu cua ho
yu cu bang thng bn cnh cc OLT trong mt bo co theo yu cu. Trong th t cua cc
nhn uoc yu cu v ong th cng xem xt RTD, cc OLT cap pht MTWt
neu tng cua cc th Kh uong yu cu au n cua kch thuc cua s cho t
bo co theo yu cu (Wreq) vuot qu MTWt. Neu khng, cc OLT phn b
kch thuc cua s cho kh uong yu cu Wreq. Neu kh uong yu cu
bng khng, ch c kch thuc cua s cho cc bo co yu cu tep theo (tc Wreq)
phn b.
(V) M ON truyen cc g d u uoc uu tr trong b m nhn thuong nguon
theo kch thuc cua s gao, theo sau mt bo co yu cu xy
duy tr ng c kh uong d u cn trong b m nhn thuong nguon. Cc
qu trnh tro (v).
V d ve cc hot ng uoc th hn trong hnh. 5.8 14. Hnh 5.8 (a) cho thay mt
v d trong ch c mt au n v gao thng u vo v hnh. 5.8 (b) cho thay
mt v d, no c uu uong truy cp vo cc ONs.
Th gan chm tr gy ra bo DBA th gan ch o t yu cu truyen
bt u truyen t cc d u yu cu. eu ny tuong uong v th gan
230
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Hnh 5.8 Hot ng cua d}ch v hn che IPACT: (a) kh ch c au n 3 c gao thng o thuong nguon
v (b) kh tat c ONs c uu uong thuong nguon. O y, R1, R2, R3 v dn cho thng p yu cu
t m au n tuong ng d u 3 dn cho d u ngu dng truyen t ON 3, G3
dn cap cho ON 3. (A), cc g tr} cua R1 v R2 bng 0 v g tr} cua
R3 ch ra s uong d u su dng o thuong nguon uu tr trong ON 3.
cho vng trn m cho mt chu ky. T hnh. 5.8, kh chng t thet p s uong
ONs nhu N, th gan t a Rmax n cho cc vng trn thc hn mt
chu ky s :
9
(5:1) Rmax MTW N(BOH Wreq)
Hon na, neu au n duy nhat m truyen thuong nguon uu uong truy cp th au n, cc
hu qu Emax (hoac t cao m) s uoc tnh theo cng thc sau:
231
Emax (MTWtWreq) {Max (N 1) (BOH Wreq), truyen rateA
(RTD Th gan xu OLT Th gan xu au n) (5:2)
MTWtBOH
Neu MTWtuoc thet p mt g tr} nh, d}ch v hn che IPACT s p ng uoc yu cu-
t cua gm thu s chm tr (Sect. 5.2.3 B). Tuy nhn, chng ta vn ph p ng
yu cu A v C cua ph. 5.2.3. Do thc te rng cc g Ethernet c th khng
uoc phn mnh trong EPON, mt MTW nhtthet p c nhng van e sau y
n quan en cc yu cu ny.
Yu cu 5.2.3 A: s cng bng m gm kh kch thuc g tn su dng
ga nhng ngu su dng khc nhau. V d, neu MTWt 4000 byte, mt khng cng bng
gao at c mt s khc bt trong bang thng n en 25 (V (4000A3000) 100 /
4000) s dn ra ga mt ngu dng truyen cc g d u 1500-byte v mt ngu dng
truyen cc g d u 500-byte.
Yu cu 5.2.3 C: Trong mt k}ch bn g ben kch thuc nhu EPON, neu
kh uong cc g d u uoc uu tr trong b m nhn thuong nguon n v mt
c }nh MTWtuoc phn b, mt khong cch ng ph xy ra trong d u khng th xuyn
qua ung. Trong trung hop xau nhat, d t a khung Ethernet (Fmax) tr mt
byte s b} ng ph. Neu MTWt nh, t chat th ny (Fmax - 1) / MTWt
tro nn tuong n.
Hon na, neu MTWt nh hon nheu so RTD v ch c mt ON
v gao thng u vo, cua s ng ph m khng th uoc phn b cho uu uong d u
tro nn tuong n v tc nh cao thm xau (Hnh 5.8 (a)).
5.2.6 C thn DBA
5.2.6.1 Thm ht Lp ke hoch Round-Robn
O y, chng t s nghn cu mt DBA trong su dng thm ht round-robn (DRR) schedu-
ng 11 nhu mt phuong php c thn van e A v C trong ph. 5.2.5. DRR mt
phuong php m on gn ha WFO v cng rat tuong thch v v xuyn
nhm v. Trong thut ton DBA uoc m t trong 15, mt b m trn uoc su dng nhu
thuong nguon m nhn cua au n thc hn mt qu trnh tuong uong v mt
thm ht truy cp. Phuong php DBA v DRR p dng uoc xem xt trong
sau y:
1. Cc th ON nh nhng cheu d trung bnh n w m c th uoc truyen
v m round-robn. Cheu d trung bnh n tuong uong v trong uong cua
WFO. M ON c mt thm ht truy cp (St) C g tr} ban u uoc thet p cc
cheu d trung bnh n w .
2. Cc yu cu au n kh uong d u t a thap hon g tr} cua thm ht ngn sch
chng v c th uoc truyen m khng cn phn cha bat ky g trong thuong nguon cua n
232
nhn uoc b m. Sau n truyen t cc g d u t b m truyen. Neu
kh uong yu cu ton b kh uong d u uoc uu tr trong b m nhn uoc, n reset
g tr} cua thm ht truy cp v cheu d trung bnh n. Neu cc g khc
so v yu cu vn cn, (wtkh uong yu cu) uoc thm vo thm ht
truy cp.
3. Lp ke hoch round-robn: Trong kh xem xt RTD, cc OLT phn b
cua s truyen theo th t xuat hn cua cc yu cu nhn uoc t
ONs. Kch thuc cua s uoc phn b bao gom cc kch thuc cua s cn thet
truyen yu cu tep theo (Wreq). Neu yu cu s khng, mt kch thuc cua s ch
cho yu cu tep theo (Wreq) uoc phn b.
4. T au n, cc g tn cho kch thuc cua s phn b uoc chuyn en cc truyen
m v qu trnh tro (2).
Trong buc (2) o trn, s khc bt ga cheu d trung bnh n thu at
v kh uong yu cu hn t uoc uu yu cu nheu hon mt cht c th
thc hn bng cch thc hn n ve pha truc cho phn bn ke tep cua thut ton. Trong ny
cch, phn b cng bng m hap th s khc bt ve d g tn
t uoc.
Hy chng t cho thay mt v d on gn cua hot ng ny. u tn, chng t at s bng n
trung bnh
cheu d cho au n u tn nhu w14000 byte v cho au n th ha
w22000 byte. Chng t g }nh u vo n tc cc g 1500-byte v 500 byte
cc g tn en au n u tn v th ha tuong ng, v mt kh uong d u m
un un vuot qu d trung bnh n uoc uu tr. O y, chng t s b qua Ethernet
preambes v khong cch nterframe on gn ha vc g thch.
1. Cc eu kn ban u uoc thet p nhu S14000, S22000.
2. Cc au n u tn pht mt yu cu 3000-byte, u ph hop v ha 1500 -
g byte trong b m nhn. S1 uoc cp nht nhu S14000 (4000 3000)
5000.
3. ON th ha pht mt yu cu 2000-byte, u cho bn 500-byte
g tn. S2 uoc cp nht nhu S22000 (2000 2000) 2000.
4. OLT phn b kch thuc cua s cua (Yu cu kh uong d u Wreq) cho m
au n.
5. Cc au n u tn pht mt yu cu 4500-byte v 3000 byte d u, v
cp nht S1 nhu S15000 (4000 4500) 4500.
6. ON th ha pht mt yu cu 2000-byte v 2000 byte d u, v
cp nht S2 nhu S22000 (2000 2000) 2000.
7. OLT phn b kch thuc cua s cua (Yu cu kh uong d u Wreq) cho m
au n.
8. Cc au n u tn pht mt yu cu 4500-byte (u cho ba 1500-byte
g) v 4500 byte d u. S1 uoc cp nht S14500 (4000 4500)
4000.
233
9. ON th ha pht mt yu cu 2000-byte (u cho bn 500-byte
g) v 2000 byte d u. S2 uoc cp nht S22000 (2000 2000)
2000.
10. OLT phn b kch thuc cua s cua (Yu cu kh uong d u Wreq)
m ON.
11. Cc au n u tn pht mt yu cu 3000-byte v 4500 byte d u. S1
cp nht S14000 (4000 3000) 5000.
12. ON th ha pht mt yu cu 2000-byte v 2000 byte d u. S2
cp nht S22000 (2000 2000) 2000.
Sau , qu trnh tro (3) v uoc ap ap .
Trong chu trn t (3) (8), cc vng trn m cho ba chu ky, v
cc au n u tn truyen 12.000 byte v au n th ha 6000 byte d u.
Kh uong trung bnh cua d u truyen trn m chu ky 4000 byte t au n u tn
v 2000 byte t au n th ha, ph hop v cc thu at
cheu d trung bnh n. T v d ny, chng ta c th thay rng bang thng kh
phn b ph hop v cheu d trung bnh n khng ph thuc vo g
cheu d.
Trong buc (2) o trn, thm ht truy cp uoc thet p v cheu d trung bnh n
kh c d u uoc uu tr t. Khng c chc nang thet p ny, hnh v cua cc
thm ht truy cp s bat thung neu c uu uong truy cp vo t v uu tr
kh uong d u cua b m nhn uoc nh. Do eu kn tep tc
kh uong t yu cu, g tr} cua b em thm ht s tang
(Cheu d trung bnh n yu cu kh uong) v v cc trong m chu ky.
Ouy thm ht ban u uoc g thu thc hn so v mc thm ht
phn b do s khc bt ve d g tn phn b t v
n khng ph thc hn trn s theu ht cua uu uong truy cp vo. Do , thm ht
truy cp uoc thet p v cheu d trung bnh n w kh c d u uoc uu tr t.
Ket qu , mt s b sung mang sang xy ra kh s uong d u uoc uu tr trong
nhn uoc b m n hon g tr} cua Thm ht truy cp. Trong trung hop ny,
eu kn:
G tr} thm ht truy cp - yu cu kh uong %Khung t a cua Ethernet
cheu d (Fmax) h ng. Kh chng ta thay cng thc cho vc b sung mang sang
qu trnh v thay the tnh trng ny, ket qu s :
Tep theo truy cp g tr} thm ht
G tr} truy cp thm ht hn t (Wtkh uong yu cu)
w (Thm ht hn t g tr} truy cp kh uong yu cu)
%w Fmax
(5:3)
Do , g tr} t a cua cc truy cp thm ht s w Fmax 1.
234
Kh chng t thet p s uong ONs nhu N, th gan t a dnh Rmax
bo mt chu ky cua vng trn, tc s chm tr t a t yu cu
truyen bt u truyen d u yu cu s :
9
(5:4) Rmax w N(Fmax 1BOH Wreq)
Hon na, hu qu Emax (hoac t cao nhat) neu ch c th au n uoc truyen
gao thng o thuong nguon uoc cho bo cng thc sau:
Emax w :6; <= (BOH Wreq) w ,
RTD tc truyen t Th gan xu OLT
Th gan xu au n}
(5:5)
S khc bt ga cc phuong php tep cn DRR v IPACT uoc m t trong
phn truc o y yu cu uoc gu truc s bng n. Bng cch ny,
kh ch c mt au n truyen thuong nguon uu uong truy cp, mt s ng ph bang thng
c th uoc o b bng cch thet p w u d nng cao hu qu (Hnh 5.9).
S khc bt ny r rng kh chng ta m mt so snh v IPACT th hn trong
V. 5.8 (a).
Tuy nhn, kh cheu d trung bnh n w uoc ko d, t a
th gan tr uoc tang theo, v vy th gan tr t a yu cu
5.2.3 (B) v yu cu 5.2.3 hu qu (C) ang o trong mt m quan h thuong m-off.
Trong ph. 5.2.6.2, chng t s m t mt phuong php m gm bt ny trade-off.
5.2.6.2 DBA su dng Nheu Oueue Bo co Set
gm bt thuong m-off ga th gan tr t a v
hu qu uoc e cp trong phn truc, mt phuong php m truyen nheu
yu cu v cc ngung khc nhau t mt au n t cng mt th m uoc e xuat
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235
trong 16. Cc au n truyen ha kh uong yu cu, 1 m c th ko d hon
RTD v 2 ngn hon so v RTD. Cc seects OLT v gao at
g tr} thch hop. Bng cch ny, mt cua s truyen dn d hon
RTD c th uoc phn b neu thng tn n c uoc thc hn ch v mt ON trong kh
duy tr chu ky ngn hn vng trn (Hnh 5.10).
Ln }ch uoc e xuat trong 16 c cc t sn m ngay c v ngha
s khc bt uoc to ra trong trong uong w 'S trong ONs, n chm tr thap v
duy tr km sot bang thng chnh xc cao. Tuy nhn, }ch trnh ny kh
phc tp. Trong chuong ny, chng t s ua ra mt g thch on gn cua n nhu the no p
ng cc
yu cu trong ph. 5.2.3 su dng mt s v d yu cu.
u tn, nhu th hn trong hnh. 5.11, chng t }nh e m ha yu cu, kh uong yu cu 1
trong c cc truy cp thm ht v kh uong yu cu 2, trong c mt nh
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236
802.3ah, mt khung BAO CAO c th cha mt s yu cu. V d, nhu
trong hnh. 5.12, mt ON c th truyen t yu cu kh uong 1 trong tp 1 v hng o
kh uong yu cu 2 trong cc thet p hng o th 2.
T cc thut ton uoc m t trong ph. 5.2.6.1 h cc yu cu
kh uong uoc phn b un un trong vc phn b t, eu kn thet p cho
thm ht truy cp kh on gn. Tuy nhn, kh mt s yu cu uoc truyen , n
khng th xc }nh neu n tt thet p cc truy cp thm ht cho en kh phn b
thc s thc hn. V do ny, eu kn thet p cc truy cp thm ht
phc tp hon mt cht so v cc thut ton uoc m t trong ph. 5.2.6.1. Cc theo d
ng g thch mnh hoa cc hot ng c th:
1. T a cho php cheu d truyen n w cho mt phn b uoc thet p
cho th au n: 1 d t a n w ph d hon
RTD. Cheu d chp t a tuong uong v trong uong cua WFO.
2. M ON c mt thm ht truy cp xc }nh yu cu 1 v ban u cua n
g tr} uoc thet p nhu d chp t a w . M ON cng c mt ngung
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Nhu g thch truc , cheu d t a cua bng n m thc s c th uoc truyen
(WtFmax 1) bo chc nang cua thm ht truy cp.
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3.
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6.
7.
8.
bn cnh thm ht truy cp xc }nh yu cu 2. Ngung uoc at o
cheu d g t a uoc su dng trong cc d}ch v m yu cu tr hon thap hoac t mt nh
g tr} ve cheu d khung t a cua Ethernet (Fmax).
Hon na, m ON c reset_fag nhu ngon c gh nh thet p
eu kn cua phn b. G tr} ban u cua c reset_ Fase.
M ON tr ton b kh uong cua cc g d u uoc truyen trong
cua s truyen phn b trong chu ky ny t truy cp thm ht. Neu
kch thuc cua s uoc phn b trong chu ky ny trn'' yu cu truc 1 Wreq'' v
yu cu truc 1 khc v yu cu truc 2, th au n thm
w en quy thm ht neu reset_fag True, v n reset b em thm ht
g tr} w neu reset_fag Fase.
M ON truyen m uong t a cua d u bn du quy thm ht
g tr} trong yu cu s 1, khng c phn cha bat ky g tn, v kh uong t a
d u du ngung trong yu cu 2 m khng cha bat ky g d u trong
cua s uoc phn b. Sau , n truyen t cc g d u uoc uu tr trong cc truyen
m.
Neu g tr} cua yu cu 1 ton b kh uong cua cc g d u uu tr,
reset_fag uoc thet p sa. Neu c g tn cn t kh uong yu cu
1, reset_fag uoc thet p True.
M p ke hoch round-robn: Trong kh xem xt RTD, cc OLT phn b
cua s truyen v cheu d'' yu cu 2 Wreq'' theo th t xuat hn cua
cc yu cu t ONs. Tuy nhn, vc phn b ny khng uoc thc hn vo ngy u tn
au n v yu cu 1 n hon so v yu cu 2 trong mt chu ky. N ch o
cho en kh chu trnh uoc hon thnh vo vng trn phn b vc truyen t
cua s v cheu d'' yu cu 1 Wreq.'' N cch khc, thay v b qua-
png vc phn b cua s truyen en het vng cua n, OLT
phn b mt cua s u u yu cu 1 (Hnh 5.13) vo cu cua
chu ky. Cc au n uoc gao mt yu cu 1 cng uoc chuyn sang cu
danh sch au n trong cc chu ky tep theo cua vng trn.
T au n, cc g tn cho cc cua s truyen phn b uoc chuyn en cc
truyen m v qu trnh tro (3).
Hy chng t trnh by mt v d on gn cua hot ng ny. u tn, chng t g }nh rng
ngung ON 1 Th1 1500 byte v th gan chp t a cua n
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$B 6&RG k
$B 6&RG 1
_, =G cSG t} W)U
Hnh 5.13 Burst v d phn b DRR su dng nheu hng o bo co b.
238
w130.000 byte ngung cua ON 2 Th2 500 byte cua n v t a
cheu d mum n w220.000 byte. 1500-byte v cc g 300 byte
n tc u vo cho au n v au n th ha u tn tuong ng, v
kh uong d u uoc uu tr un un vuot qu cheu d chp t a. Mt n na,
chng t s b qua phn mo u v khong cch nterframe Ethernet on gn ha
g thch.
1. eu kn ban u: S130.000, reset_fag 1 Sa, S220.000, reset_fag 2
Sa.
2. ON 1 truyen 30.000 byte yu cu 1 v 1500-byte yu cu 2.
ON 1 cp nht S1 v reset_fag 1 t S130.000, reset_fag 1 ng.
3. ON 2 truyen 19.800 byte yu cu s 1 v 300-byte yu cu
2. ON 2 bn cp nht S2 v reset_fag 2 S220 000, reset_fag 2
ng.
4. OLT b qua vc phn b cho ON 1. ON 2 uoc phn b mt y truyen
cua s son v'' 300 bytes Wreq.''
5. Cc b qua ON 1 uoc phn b mt cua s truyen v'' 30.000 byte
Wreq.''
6. ON 2 truyen 19.500 byte yu cu 1, 300-byte yu cu 2, v 300
byte d u.
7. ON 2 bn cp nht S2 v reset_fag 2 S219.700, reset_fag 2 ng.
8. ON 1 truyen 30.000 byte yu cu 1, 1500-byte yu cu 2, v
30.000 byte d u.
9. ON 1 cp nht S1 v reset_fag 1 t S130.000, reset_fag 1 V True.
10. OLT b qua vc phn b cho au n 2. ON 1 uoc phn b mt y truyen
cua s son v (1500 bytes .5e>!.
Wreq.''
byte d u. ON 1 cp nht S1 v reset_fag 1 t S128.500, reset_fag
1 ng.
13. ON 2 truyen 20.100 byte yu cu 1, 300-byte yu cu 2, v
19.500 byte d u. ON 2 bn cp nht S2 v reset_fag 2 S220, 200,
reset_fag 2 V True.
cua s son v (300 byte Wreq).
15. Cc b qua ON 1 uoc phn b mt cua s truyen dn (28.500 byte
Wreq).
byte d u. ON 2 bn cp nht S2 v reset_fag 2 S219.900, reset_fag
2 ng.
17. ON 1 truyen 30.000 byte yu cu 1, 1500-byte yu cu 2, v 28.500
1 ng.
239
cua s son v (1500 bytes Wreq).
Wreq.''
byte d u. ON 1 cp nht S1 v reset_fag 1 t S128 500, reset_fag
1 ng.
byte d u. ON 2 bn cp nht S2 v reset_fag 2 S220, 100, reset_fag
2 ng.
Wreq).
byte d u. ON 2 bn cp nht S2 v reset_fag 2 S219.800, reset_fag
2 ng.
1 V True.
cua s son v (1500 bytes Wreq).
Wreq).
1 V True.
byte d u. ON 2 bn cp nht S2 v reset_fag 2 S220.000, reset_-
fag2 ng.
Wreq).
byte d u. ON 2 bn cp nht S2 v reset_fag 2 S219 700, reset_fag
2 ng.
byte d u. ON 1 cp nht S1 v reset_fag 1 t S130 000, reset_fag
1 ng.
Ou trnh tro (5).
Mt cch n tc t (5) v (16), cc vng trn m cho su chu ky. ON 1
truyen 3 (1500 28.500) 90.000 byte d u, v au n 2 truyen
240
19.500 300 19.800 300 19.800 300 60.000 byte d u. Tnh trung bnh,
s uong d u truyen trong ha chu ky vng trn 30.000 byte t
cc au n u tn v 20.000 byte t au n th ha, ph hop v
d chp t a uoc a chon. T v d ny, chng ta c th thay rng bat k
cua d g, bang thng kh phn b theo cc a chon
d chp t a.
Trong qu trnh OLT m t trong buc (4) o trn, mt d kch thuc cua s tuong uong
v g tr} cua b em thm ht uoc phn b cho ch c mt ON m round-robn
chu ky. Bng cch ny, ngay c kh ch c mt ON trong truyen t, khng c
khong cch khng su dng v tc cao nhat c th uoc tang n bng cch thc y hu qu.
Oua
b qua vc phn b mt kch thuc cua s d en cu chu ky vng trn,
cc au n nhn uoc kch thuc cua s d tep theo uoc phn b cu cng. eu ny m cho
n
c th cho trt t v tn s phn b mt kch thuc cua s d bnh ng ga cc
cc ONs. Vc b qua m tang th gan chm tr mt cht nhung bng cch g
g tr} cua tng ngung t thu cn thet, s ga tang trong th gan chm tr c th
uoc g o mc t thu tt.
Bn cnh , neu c nheu ONs v gao thng o thuong nguon, s n
yu cu 2 uoc phn b s tang n v g tr} cua m truy cp thm ht
gm ph hop theo quy trnh trong buc (3) o trn. Yu cu 1 g hn bo
g tr} cua m truy cp thm ht cng gm kh yu cu 1 uoc gao. Cho
trn v d 1-16, neu 16 ONs c uu uong thuong nguon, yu cu 2 uoc phn b
15 n trong 16 vng v g tr} cua b em thm ht S1 tro thnh 30.000 15
1500 7500 kh yu cu 1 uoc gao. Bng cch ny, th gan trung bnh cua mt
chu ky thc hn bo cc vng trn uoc g ngn.
Cheu d chp t a w uoc thet ke p ng cc eu kn sau y-
tons:
w 'Max {RTD tc truyen t Th gan xu OLT
au n th gan xu , Nngung}
Trong trung hop ny, kh s uong au n v cheu d t a n d nhat w
, cheu d Rmax t a cua mt chu ky vng trn, tc s chm tr t a
t yu cu truyen t bt u truyen d u yu cu uoc ua ra
theo cng thc sau:
9
Rmax N(BOH Wreq) w (Fmax 1) Tht(5:6)
6
O y, N s ONs, v Tht ngung cua cua th au n.
Ngo ra, hu qu Emax (hoac t cao m), kh ch c mt ON
truyen t uu uong thuong nguon, uoc cho bo cng thc sau:
w
(5:7) Emax
N(BOH Wreq) w
T u tham kho
1
0.9
0.8
0.w
241
$__ s? 8ng nh&dG hKng 9& b4 c4 b
E+%3
0.\
0.5
0.l
0.k
0.(
0.1
0
0.5
1
1.5
(
$__
XIPT
(.5k k.5 l
_+%3 (+s)
l.5
5
5.5
\
Hnh 5.14 So snh hu qu bang thng (Emax) ga ba DBA bao gom trong
chuong ny. O y chng t a chon cc s au n N32, Burst trn khng 01:04 msec,
Max RTD 100 msec, w w, Thtw N, th gan xu OLT 16 msec, v xu au n
th gan 16 msec.
Hnh 5.14 cho thay m quan h ga Rmax v Emax tnh t
Eqs. (5.1), (5.2), (5.4), (5.5), (5.6), v (5.7). Nhu trong hnh. 5.14, DRR su dng
Nheu Oueue Bo co Set c th t uoc hu qu cao cng v ngn
chu ky vng trn.
Tm , chng t ua ra mt v d DBA p ng ba thc hn-
yu cu hm uoc e cp trong ph. 5.2.3:
A. Cng bng: Phn b bang thng ga cc ngu dng kh.
B. chm tr thap: C th b} rng buc th gan tr t a trong mt g tr} thet ke.
C. Hu qu cao: c th tang hu qu cua bang thng v trong
nhan t cao m cng nheu cng tt.
THAM KHO
1
2
3
4
IT-T Rec. G.983.1 (01/2005).
IT-T Rec. G.984.3 (02/2004).
IEEE Std. 802,3-2005.
Marek Haducena'' EPON so v APON v G-PON: mt hot ng ch tet compar-
con tra,'' trong Tp ch cua mng quang hoc, vo.5, s 4, pp298-319, thng Tu, 2006.
5 c san t http://nternet.watch.mpress.co.p/cda/news/2006/03/23/11358.htm.
6 Gen Kramer v cng s.'' H tro cc p hoc khc bt cua d}ch v Ethernet th ng quang hoc
mng'' Tp ch cua mng quang hoc, vo.1, s 8/9, pp280-298, Thng Tm, nam 2002.
242
7 Chad M. Ass et a.'' ng phn b bang thng cho chat uong cua d}ch v qua Ethernet
Pons,'' IEEE Tp ch trn khu vc uoc a chon trong truyen thng, Vo.21, s 9, pp1467-1477,
Thng Mu Mt, 2003.
8 IETF RFC1323.
9 IT-T Rec. Y.1541.
10 A. Parekh v R. Gaerger'' Mt cch tep cn cha s b xu tng qut km sot uu uong trong
tch hop mng u d}ch v: trung hop nt duy nhat'', gao d}ch IEEE / ACM trn mng,
vo.1, s 3, thng su, nam 1993.
11 M. Shreedhar v G. Varghese,'' xep hng cng bng hu qu su dng thm ht round robn,'' Proc.
ACM SIGCOMM'95, pp231-242, Thng Chn, nam 1995.
12 S. Goestan,'' A bng chuong trnh xep hng t Cocked cho cc ng dng bang thng rng,'' Proc.
INFOCOM'94, pp636-646, 1994.
13 L. hang,'' o ong ho mt eu khn gao thng m thut ton cho cc mng chuyn mch g,''
ACM Trans. H thng my tnh, vo.9, pp101-124, Thng Nam, 1991.
14 Gen Kramer v cng s,'' IPACT:. Mt gao thc nang ng cho mt Ethernet PON (EPON),'' IEEE
Truyen thng Tp ch, pp74-80, Thng Ha, nam 2002.
15 Nork Mk et a.'' H thng truy cp quang hoc thch hop cho truyen thng my tnh,''
GLOBECOM'98, truy cp mng H ngh} Thng, 8.4, thng Mu nam 1998.
16 Osamu Yoshhara v cng s.'' ng bang thng phn b Thut ton cho GE-PON''
COIN 2002, COIN.MoA1, pp22-24, Thng By, nam 2002.
Chuong 6
Ken trc bo v cho
Mng quang th ng
Cavn C. K. Chan
hoc Trung Ouc cua Hong Kng
6.1 GIOI THIE
Trong thp k qua, cc mng quang th ng (Pons) n n nhu mt
cch tep cn hap dn v ha hen cung cap d}ch v bang thng rng mt s uong n
thu bao. Trong mt PON n hnh, d}ch v c nguon gc t dng quang
thet b} u cu (OLT) t mt ket thc u hoac van phng trung tm (CO) v mang theo mt quang
so trung chuyn khong 10-15 km, truc kh cng suat quang uoc cha thnh nheu
so phn ph u ra, thng qua mt b cha quang n nm o xa
nt (RN). M so phn ph, thung t hon 5 km cheu d, sau chuyn tep
cc d}ch v v cc on v} mng quang hoc }nh mnh (ON), no quang
tn hu b} cham dt truc kh uoc phn ph tep cho tat c cc thu bao thuc
au n thng qua phuong tn truyen thng ny khc, chng hn nhu dy ong, vv V s thm nhp
nhu so cao
vo au trung truy cp, h thng ch ph cua Pons ph uoc g o mc thap m cho
ho hu qu knh te v cnh tranh. PON tnh nang nt t xa th ng cua n,
m rat nheu thu gn cc ch ph qun b phn quang hoc trong cc nh my so bn ngo.
Bn cnh , c ha RN v ONs ph uoc g on gn v ch ph thap. Trad-
tonay, cc d}ch v h uu truyen trn mt PON chu yeu phn ph
vdeo. Tuy nhn, mt knh thuong nguon thung uoc cung cap thc hn cc thu bao '
yu cu tro OLT. Do knh thuong nguon ny thung c tc d u thap.
Do tnh chat phn ph nhu uu uong truy cp cng nhu m quan tm ch ph thap cua Pons,
khng c nheu n c uoc tr ve van e mng sng st.
V s ph ben rat n gn y cua Internet v cc d}ch v a phuong tn n
mang, Pons thng thung uoc pht trn thc hn ha cheu tuong tc bang thng rng
tn hu d u. Nhu cu bang thng trong c doanh nghp v bang thng rng
mng truy cp tang mnh v cc d}ch v thc hn trn
243
244
Pons ang tro nn ngy cng c nheu trung tm d u. Mt s ben th cua Pons chng hn
nhu B-PON (IT-T G.983) 1-4, E-PON (IEEE 802.3ah) 5, v G-PON (IT-T
G.984) 6, 7 uoc trn kha rng r gn y ph v s ga tang
nhu cu ve bang thng truy cp. V s san c gn y ch ph thap cua quang
thnh phn, Pons su dng ghp knh phn cha buc sng (WDM) cng ngh
nque n n nhu cc mng truy nhp quang hoc the h tep theo. Trong mt
WDM-PON, m ON uoc phc v bo mt b chuyn dng cua cc knh buc sng
gao tep v OLT. M ON c nhn c th thuong thc mt ban nhc-chuyn dng
cheu rng, cng kh nang mo rng theo nhu cu rng cua mnh. Nhu vy, cng suat h thng
v tnh nh hot mng c th uoc tang cung rat nheu. Tuy nhn, v cng uc
PON te ken trc, g hn tnh nang bo v, bat c thnh phn
hay that b so s dn en mat mt rat n cua d u hoac thm ch knh doanh. Do ,
van e mng sng st 8, 9 m day n s ch nheu hon gn y
nam. Thu bao hn nay ang yu cu cc d}ch v v ket n san sng cao.
V vy, cc bn php bo v tang cung kh nang sng st mng uoc nh g cao
mong mun cung cap kh nang phc ho chng that b, v d, trong trung hop
s kn thm khc c th nhu ha hon hoac t.
Oun mt trong nhng kha cnh quan trong n teng trong mng
qun . Hu het cc phuong php tep cn thng thung cua qun da
chn on trong cc p cao hon 10, 11, da trn bo co tnh trng thu thp t
cc trm km sot khc nhau trn mng quang hoc qun . Tuy nhn, o mc cao nhu vy
chn on s p at trn cao qu mc trong bo hu mng cng nhu
trong h thng qun mng (NMS). Tuy nhn, khng c m bo rng cao hon
p c th cung cap phc ho t nhng m trong p vt . V vy,
to eu kn bo v mng hu qu v k}p th v phc ho, n rat cao
mong mun thc hn cc bn php sng st mng trong p quang hoc. Ny
c th t uoc bng cch n ket so on gn, thet b} trng ap v bo v
chuyn hoac mt s chuong trnh thng mnh khc v trng ap nguon c t thu hoac
at phng bo v. Cho cc ng dng PON, thet b} that b t mt trong ha
OLT hoac au n c th d dng khc phc bng cch c mt on v} d phng trong uoc km sot
m trung. Tuy nhn, v bat ky ct so, n s mat mt th gan tuong d
thc hn vc sua cha. Do , rat mong mun c sng st PON
ken trc v chuyn mch bo v chng bat ky ct so.
Trong chuong ny, mt s cn nhc trong vc thet ke mng sng st archtec-
V nht va cho Pons s uoc tho un. Bn cnh , mt s e n bo v v kh th
ken trc cho c Pons thng thung v WDM-Pons s uoc xem xt.
6.2 XEM XT VE BO VE TREN
Mng quang th ng
Nhng yeu t sau rat hu ch kh thet ke mng sng st
ken trc, e n bo v khc cho Pons.
245
6.2.1 Bo v hoac phc ho
Trong qun cua cc mng quang hoc, c ha cch tep cn ph ben
m bo kh nang sng st mng, bo v c th ke hoch truc v nang ng
phc ho. Bo v ke hoch truc nhm mc ch ket hop bo v ung quang t
ga on thet ke mng v chuyn mch bo v t ng c th uoc d dng
thc hn bo v cc ung quang uoc ch }nh, bat ky that b mt n mng
pht hn. Th gan phc ho uu uong truy cp c th uoc g rat ngn. Nguoc ,
kh phc nang ng s tm kem cc ung quang tng hoac t nguyn mng
kh phc gao thng b} gn on sau kh s xuat hn cua mng.
Mac d s uong t nguyn d phng c th uoc preaocated, cc ReSTOR uu uong truy cp
Hn aton c th mn n ph thuc vo }nh tuyen nang ng cua cc b} gn on
gao thng. v hu het cc ng dng PON, nhu cau trc n ket mng kh
thung xuyn, chng hn nhu cy hoac vng, e n bo v ke hoch truc thung uoc thng qua
nng cao kh nang sng st mng v th gan phc ho gao thng ngn. Bn cnh ,
bo v trn p quang hoc nn c th gan phc ho nhanh chng
hn che t a s xo trn cc p trn, m thung da vo mt s th gan
ra tnh nang pht hn . Phc ho trn p thung n quan en }nh tuyen
bng cau trc n ket tnh ton v th gan h t chm. Bn gao khng ng
th gan phc ho ga cc p khc nhau c th gy ra s bat n }nh mng.
6.2.2 Network Topoogy
C ha cau trc n ket mng u chung cho Pons, c th cy v
vng. Trong mt cau trc cy, tn hu quang hoc uoc gu t OLT uoc cha o
RN v gao cho ONs }nh thng qua vc phn ph tuong ng
so. Cho cau trc n ket vng, cc OLT uoc ket n v cc nt truy cp nheu
(ANS) thng qua mt hoac ha vng so. M AN bao gom mt add-quang
th a (OADM) hoac on gn mt b cha quang n, m
nheu ONs uoc ket n hon na, hoac trong mt ng sao hoac vng topo. Trong
Ngo vng v cau trc n ket cy, c mt s cau trc n ket khc nhu
xe but v ng sao-rng. Kh ken trc mng u bo v uoc thet ke,
cau trc n ket mng u chc chn xc }nh cc ung dn hoac ket n ga cc
OLT v ONs v do nh huong nhu the no bo v ung quang hoac cp quang
nn uoc nhn hoac ket hop, kh thch hop. V d, trong mt
PON v cau trc n ket cy, bat ky so uoc ct thnh so phn ph s m cho
au n b} nh huong khng th truy cp t OLT. Tuy nhn, trong mt PON v vng
cau trc n ket, bat ky so ct trong vng so s cch y tat c cc h uu
ANS vuot ra ngo v} tr ct theo vng , neu khng c vng bo v b sung
uoc ket hop.
246
6.2.3 Mng Lo
Pons thung thung h tro mt (cho vdeo) hoac ha (cho d u v
vdeo) hng quang h uu, cng nhu mt tu sn bay quang thuong nguon.
Cc hng vn t quang hoc th gan cha s ga tat c cc ONs. kch hot
cung cap d}ch v cng suat cao hon cho cc thu bao v tang cung s nh hot
nng cap mng u, Pons su dng k thut WDM, c th WDM-Pons, c
gn y n n v m day n m quan tm nghn cu nheu. Trong WDM-Pons,
m ON uoc phc v bo mt tp hop cc knh buc sng duy nhat v khc bt
gao tep v OLT. Cc van e khc nhau, trong thng thung th gan cha s
Pons cng uoc gm bt, nhu tat c cc buc sng nguoc dng uoc ghp t RN
m khng c bat ky va chm tn hu. M ON c nhn uoc huong bang thng dnh rng,
kh nang mo rng d dng theo nhu cu rng cua mnh. Bo v trong mt PON
thung t uoc bng cch a dng v ung quang trng ap n ket so v chuyn .
Nhu WDM-Pons cung cap mt cheu nheu hon cho cc knh quang hoc, ung quang
a dng c th uoc nheu nh hot hon nhn ra bng cch p dng buc sng }nh tuyen trn
ken trc mng hn c. Do , qu nheu s trng ap so n ket c th
trnh.
6.2.4 T nguyn uoc bo v
N chung, c ha o chnh cua cc t nguyn mng m ph
bo v trong Pons, n ket c th chat xo v cc thnh phn hoac cc thet b} hot ng. C ha
cua ho nh huong en s san c cua cc knh buc sng chy trn mng-
m vc. Nhu n ket so uoc at bn ngo nh my, ho c nheu d b} m trung
eu kn ve tnh thn v ph mat th gan nheu hon na sua cha cc chat xo, bat c kh no
mt
so ct xy ra. Hon na, bat ky ct so c th ngan chan tat c cc knh buc sng
qua trn n. Nhu vy, ung quang hoac bo v d phng thay the trong so
hoac 1 1 hoac 1:1 bo v thung uoc ke hoch truc t uoc ung quang
a dng. v thnh phn hot ng hoac cc thet b}, chng hn nhu thu pht quang hoc
v chuyn mch quang cu tr t OLT hoac ONs, ho c th d dng uoc bo v bo
on v} coocated sao uu trong 1: N hoac thm ch 1 1 bo v chuong trnh. Ngo
n ket so v cc thnh phn hot ng, a buc sng th ng t RN
trong WDM-Pons cng c th cn uoc bo v. Neu t sn ph cua
WDM a nht nhy cm, chng hn nhu mng thng thung sng
hung dn cch tu (AWG), nhng thay trong nht m trung t RN
c th c th gy ra sa ch ga cc tu sn bay quang hoc v xuyn
d thng Nhm v cua knh WDM. eu ny c th gy oc qu mc
v tn that n nang cho cc hng quang hoc. V vy, atherma WDM a,
nhu atherma AWG hoac mng mng da trn ghp knh WDM, nn uoc
m vc t RN.
247
6.2.5 that b mt hay nheu
Hu het cc n c hn t trong bo v mng tp trung vo cc k}ch bn cua mt
that b duy nhat t mt th m. Trong hu het cc trung hop, s xuat hn cua s that b trong
mt n ket so hoac mt
phn cua thet b} mng c p thng k trong mt mng. Hon na,
th gan trung bnh ga that b thung u hon so v th gan trung bnh
sua cha mt that b duy nhat. Tuy nhn, mt that b duy nhat, chng hn nhu ct gm chat xo, c
th mt s-
n dn en that b trong nheu ket n ogc. Gn y, cng c mt s
nhng n c nghn cu ve nghn cu bo v mng theo nheu that b.
6.2.6 Bo v t ng chuyn mch
T ng chuyn bo v (APS) c th uoc thc hn bng cch hoac tp trung hoac
eu khn phn tn. Trong km sot tp trung, tat c cc bo v chuyn uoc thc hn
t OLT, sau kh bo ng uoc thu thp. Cc ONs vn ket n
v OLT sau kh APS. Nguoc , bo v chuyn c th
thc hn t ONs c nhn thay vo , thc hn eu khn phn tn. Trong ny
trung hop, chuyn mch bo v uoc tch hop trong ONs c nhn, m con-
tnuousy theo d tnh trng cua cc n ket so trc thuc hoac cc thnh phn. APS
s uoc kch hot ch o au n b} nh huong kh c uoc pht hn. Trong trung hop
bat ky that b, OLT khng cn ph thc hn bat ky bn php khc phc v mnh bch
APS nhu vy. Tuy nhn, phuong php ny m tang phc tp v ch ph au n.
6.2.7 hot ng, qun , v qun
Kh ket hop APS thnh mt mng u, on v} gm st ph
p at t cc trm km sot chen uoc thu thp thng tn tnh trng mng. Mt mon-
torng on v} c th on gn nhu ch theo d mc nang uong quang hoc xc }nh
s mat mt c th c cua tn hu o mc nang uong thap quang hoc pht hn. Mt s cun tu
thuyet khc
k thut ny cng c th uoc su dng pht hn cc thng s khc nhu
s hn dn cua mt buc sng ac bt, v vc xc }nh mt c th
ch nhnh chat xo trong mt PON v cy cau trc n ket 12. Gm st thu thp thng
tn uoc chuyn gao cho cc on v} APS cc bn php thch hop. Trong mt s trung hop,
mt knh tn hu c th cn thet thc hn cc thng tn gm st.
6.2.8 gao thng phc ho Th gan
Sau kh s c mng uoc pht hn, khong th gan cn thet thc hn
chuyn mch bo v v kh phc gao thng b} nh huong uoc go gao thng
248
th gan phc ho. Khong th gan ny nn uoc g nh, n t hon v chc
m gy 8, m gm uong mat mt d u trong qu trnh gn on d}ch v.
Trong nheu trung hop, chng hn th gan phc ho uu uong truy cp rat nheu ph thuc vo bn
chat
phn ng cua vc pht hn quang n tu v cc thet b} chuyn mch quang uoc su dng
trong APS, cng nhu gy ra tr thm c th c cua vc bo v
ung quang. kh, cc gao thc p cao hon uoc su dng truyen nhng g mat
d u.
6.2.9 phc tp
Thet ke ken trc PON sng st nn yu cu s ten t nhat
cua n ket so b sung hoac thet b} sao chp g s phc tp v ch ph
thap. V d, mt b thu pht sao uu c th uoc dng m OLT cho 1: N
bo v tat c cc my thu pht m vc khc, thay v 1 1 bo v. Ny
thu pht sao uu c th uoc buc sng c }nh hoac du duong buc sng, ty thuc
vo o mng v yu cu. Trong trung hop cua WDM-Pons, thay the
}nh tuyen ung quang cua cc knh buc sng c th uoc thng qua b qua that b
n ket so v hn che t a cc n ket so b sung cn thet bo v.
6.3 Ken trc BO VE
Trong phn ny, mt s ken trc mng sng st cho c ha thung
Pons cng nhu WDM-Pons, trong c ha cy v vng cau trc n ket, s uoc xem xt.
Nhu tho un trong cc phn truc, n ket so that b thung xuyn nhat v
quan trong trong Pons, v n c th m gn on nheu knh buc sng trong mng.
Do , cc ken trc sau y chu yeu tp trung vo vc bo v cc so
n ket trong Pons.
6.3.1 thung mng quang th ng
6.3.1.1 Tree Topoogy
Hu het cc Pons thng thung, chng hn nhu A-PON (IT-T G.983.1) 1, 2,
B-PON (IT-T G.983.3) 1-4, EPON (IEEE 802.3ah) 5, v G-PON (IT-T
G.984) 6, 7, thng qua mt cau trc n ket cy cung cap pont-to-mutpont ket n.
Mt b cha quang n uoc su dng phn cha cc tn hu quang hoc nhn t
RN phn ph tat c cc so . Hnh 6.1 cho thay vc bo v bn
ken trc v mc bo v khc nhau, theo e ngh} cua IT-T G. .983.1 1.
Ve co bn, ho ang sao chp cc n ket so v / hoac cc thnh phn bo v.
Ken trc bo v
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Hnh 6.1 Ken trc chuyn mch bo v uoc e xuat bo IT-T G.983.1.
Hnh 6.1 (a) Nhn bn chat xo trung chuyn ga OLT v ch c RN. Ch
so trung chuyn uoc bo v. Hnh 6.1 (b) tang gap thu pht quang hoc t
OLT v cng nhn so trung chuyn ga OLT v RN. Bo v
chuyn uoc thc hn bng cch chuyn cc d u thu pht quang hoc d phng t
OLT. eu ny c th gm ch ph nhn thu pht quang hoc t
ONs. Hnh 6.1 (c) tang gap thu pht quang hoc khng ch o OLT nhung
cng t ONs. Ngo ra, b cha quang n t RN cng
nhn . Mch d phng nng uoc at o OLT v ONs, enab-
ng htess chuyn bng cch chuyn sang cc co so sao uu trong trung hop cua mt
that b cua so hoac thet b}. Hnh 6.1 (d) cng tuong t nhu hnh. 6.1 (c) ngo tr
mt n quang mch sptter thm uoc tch hop vo RN ph
v cc trung hop khng ph tat c ONs nhn thu pht quang hoc, do
mt s hn che cua h thng.
Ngo bn ken trc bo v chuyn uoc e xuat, mt s
1: e n bo v N cho OLT 13-16 cng uoc e xuat, mt trong nhng no sao uu
Gao dn OLT uoc su dng bo v tat c hoac mt nhm cc OLT m vc
250
gao dn. Hnh 6.2 mt v d 14 su dng mt mch quang-cha
t RN kch hot gao dn sao uu OLT thc hn 1: Bo v N.
Ny cch khc c th uoc thc hn bng cch su dng mt mch chuyn bn trong OLT
16, thay the.
Trong 17, bo v cc so phn ph uoc thc hn bng cch n tep n
ket n ONs, nhu th hn trong hnh. 6.3. T m ON, mt cng tc quang hoc
(OSW) uoc su dng cho mc ch bo v chuyn . Mt nua s nhn
tn hu h uu t au n (n ON2 trong hnh. 6.3) uoc ua ra kh v m thc an cho
cc OSW cu tr t ON ket n truc (n ON1 trong hnh. 6.3), thng qua mt
mu so cp ket n. Do , neu cc so phn ph cho ON1
b} hng, ON1 vn c th nhn uoc tn hu h uu qua ON2 v OSW1 trong
nh nuc bo v. Nhu vy, chat xo phn ph cho ON2 v cc ket n
so cho c ON1 v ON2 phc v nhu con ung bo v cho ON1, t
ch ph p at cc so ket n n au n b sung.
Trong 18, ha so phn ph, mt m vc v mt trong nhng khc cho bo h
ton, uoc ch }nh cho m ON. So phn ph bo v uoc ooped
tro mt trong nhng cng vo cua ng sao couper quang t RN. Mt bo v
so trung chuyn cng uoc c at, ket n OLT v mt trong nhng cng u ra cua
ng sao couper quang t RN. Trong trung hop cua bat ky ct o so phn ph,
chuyn quang t au n s chuyn sang cc so phn ph bo v, trong kh
cc OLT s chuyn sang cc so bo v feeder, nhu cng mt c. Nhu vy, c ha
feeder v cc so phn ph c th uoc bo v t cc ch ph cua ha
so phn ph cho m ON v bo v chuyn ong th o c ha
OLT v ON b} nh huong (Hnh 6.4). Hon na, vc chuyn t OLT s
to ra mt ht cho tat c cc ONs trn cng mt PON.
Trong 19, WDM th (CWDM) cng ngh uoc su dng cung cap
bo v cc so trung chuyn ga ha Pons, nhu th hn trong hnh. 6.5. Feeder
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FBG: Lu so Bragg, ld: buc sng h uu, lu: buc sng nguoc dng.
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thm chat xo phn ph oopback v bo v chuyn 18. ld: h uu sng
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Hnh 6.5 Bo v so np trong ha Pons su dng cng ngh CWDM 19. OSW:
chuyn quang hoc, ld: buc sng h uu, lu: buc sng nguoc dng.
so cua c ha Pons xuyn ket n thng qua cc thet b} chuyn mch quang hoc gn en v
m OLT, trong kh ha RNs cng qua ket n nhu hnh. 6.5. Oua
su dng cng ngh CWDM, PON1 c th cung cap chat xo trung chuyn cua n nhu s bo h
ung ha cho PON2, v nguoc , bng cch ghp knh quang hoc cua mt ngu
tn hu v tn hu bo v kh cc PON khc m vc, trong cng mt
so feeder, m khng cn bat ky s can thp. Cc bo v chuyn uoc thc hn
t OLT ch.
Ken trc bo v
253
6.3.1.2 vng Topoogy
Thng thung, e n bo v mng cho vng o Pons tuong t nhu
cc vng SONET t phc ho (SHRs) 20, trong nhn so bo v
uoc su dng cung cap cc ung dn du tha, v dng hoac bo v ung dn chuyn
uoc tch hop o c OLT v cc nt truy cp. C ba chung
phuong php tep cn 21-25 bo v vng quang hoc, c th ha so mt cheu
con ung chuyn mch vng (PSR), bn so ha hung vng dng chuyn mch (BLSR / 4),
v ha so ha hung vng dng chuyn mch (BLSR / 2). PSR bn chat mt 1 1
vng bo v chuyn dng, trong kh BLSR / 2 v BLSR / 4 01:01 cha s bo h
vng ha. Hnh 6.6 mnh hoa cc hot ng chuyn mch bo v cha s
vng bo v 25.
Trong 26, mt ken trc sao cho vng mt sng mang con PON-ghp ung h
at ra. Nhu hnh. 6,7, so nheu trung chuyn uoc su dng trong mt ng sao
cau trc n ket v m trong s ho uoc ket n v mt RN. Ha RNs en ke
uoc ket n v nhau thng qua mt mng u vng, trn nheu ONs con-
nected. Chuyn mch bo v v mch uoc tch hop trong RN, nhu
trong hnh ch nht cua hnh. 6,7, nhu vy ha chec nhn nh km trn c ha mat cua n c th
ket hop to thnh mt vng n hon, kh cc so trung chuyn ket n v RN that b.
Nhu vy, chat xo trung chuyn khng th uoc c p. Trong k}ch bn ny, mng uoc
cau hnh nhu vy m ONs b} nh huong s vn c n quan en vc
CO qua ha RNs m vc n cn.
6.3.2 WDM th ng Mng quang
6.3.2.1 Tree Topoogy
Trong mt WDM-PON v mt cau trc n ket cy, m au n uoc xc }nh v mt
b chuyn dng cua buc sng cho c vng h uu v thuong uu chan-
Nes. V vy, mt b a buc sng uoc su dng t RN cho buc sng
}nh tuyen, v cc so phn ph khc nhau uoc thc hn cc thet p tuong ng cua sng
d dnh cho ONs trc thuc. Do cau trc n ket cy tuong t nhu trong
thng thung Pons, vc chuyn ken trc bo v uoc e xuat trong IT-T
G.983.1, nhu th hn trong hnh. 6.1, cng c th uoc su dng cho WDM-Pons, ngo tr
rng sptter quang n t RN ph uoc thay the bng mt buc sng
a. Tuy nhn, nhng phuong php ph ch}u s trng ap qu nheu v chat xo
chuyn mch bo v bo v mng. Hnh 6.8 mt v d
WDM-PON v so np trng ap 27, trong mt cap rng bt cua bo h
so trung chuyn ha cn thet.
Mat khc, bng cch su dng cc tnh nang b sung cua }nh tuyen buc sng trong
cc AWGs m vc trong WDM-Pons, a dng ung quang c th uoc thc hn
v s nh hot cao v s trng ap d so cng c th uoc gm.
254
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Hnh 6.6 Mt v d ve bn so nhn cha s trong (a) hot ng bnh thung, (b) khong chuyn
v (c) chuyn mch vng 25.
V nhng o ch nheu nghn cu gn y m day n trong cc cng ngh cho php
cho WDM-Pons, mt s ken trc sng st th v} v kh th cho
WDM-Pons trong cau trc n ket cy uoc e xuat.
Trong 28, mt ken trc WDM-PON t bo v v tuong cua nhm
bo v ONs uoc e xuat bo v chng bat ky s that b t phn
so ph. Ha ONs en ke uoc nhm v tuong ng cua ho
buc sng h uu v thuong uu uoc ket n v OLT qua
cng mt cng ra cua AWG t RN. eu ny t uoc bng cch su dng
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Hnh 6.7 Mt sua PON sao-rng v kh nang bo v 26. Hnh ch nht cho thay cau trc cua RN mnh hoa cho che bo v.
H eu hnh: chuyn quang hoc.
255
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Hnh 6.8 Cau trc cua (a) OLT v (b) RN cua WDM-PON v an chat xo trng ap bo v 27. AN: nt truy cp, CN: trung tm
nt, OSC: knh quang hoc gm st, PD: photodode, OSW: chuyn quang hoc.
Ken trc bo v
257
t sn ph }nh ky cua AWG v c phn cng buc sng thch hop.
Ha ONs trong cng mt nhm uoc ket n bng mt mu so cp bo v
v mt cap thet b} chuyn mch bo v uoc ua vo m au n cho tn hu
reroutng. Trong trung hop ct so ga mt ON rng v RN, cc
chuyn mch bo v trong ONs trong cng mt nhm s uoc kch hot thng qua
gm st quyen c on gn o cc m-un M1 v M2, nhu mnh hoa trong hnh. 6.9.
C ha buc sng h uu v thuong uu b} nh huong s uoc }nh tuyen
au n en ke cua n truc kh uoc chuyn tro cho OLT qua cng AWG
cng ra. Gao thng bnh thung trn au n en ke khng b} nh huong trong kh
cc OLT vn c th g ket n cua n v cc au n b} nh huong. Bng cch ny,
ha ONs trong cng mt nhm bo v nhau v OLT transpar-
ENT that b so nhu vy. Mt phn bn c ten 29 m gm ng k
s b ghp quang cn thet o RN bng mt buc sng cun tu thuyet
chuyn nhuong cng uoc e xuat. Ha ken trc thc hn bo v
chuyn o pha ON. eu ny c th m tang s phc tp o ONs.
Trong 30, 31, km sot tp trung WDM-PON ken trc sng st ung h
at ra cho c tat c cc bo v chuyn bu dn t OLT. eu ny c th
rat thun o cho vc km sot v qun tat c cc chuyn mch bo v
v gp g ONs on gn. Bo v chuyn trong 30
thc hn bo mt 2A2 OSW ket n an chat xo, do c th xy-
nhm cua gy gn on d}ch v cho tat c cc knh buc sng trong d}ch v
trong th gan chuyn ngn. Trong 31, nhu hnh. 6.10, nheu 2A
2 OSWs uoc su dng t cc OLT thc hn bo v chuyn t
mc knh buc sng. Ke hoch phn cng buc sng cho c ha xung
dng v cc knh buc sng thuong nguon uoc m t trong hnh. 6.10 (c),
su dng cc thuc tnh quang ph theo chu ky cua AWGs m vc t OLT v
RN. V vy, bat ky toggng cua nh nuc chuyn cua bat ky OSW t OLT
s kch hot con ung bo v bo thay the }nh tuyen buc sng ga
OLT v ON tuong ng. Bat c kh no cc so trung chuyn hoac phn ph
so ket n v mt au n ac bt b} hng v gy ra cp d}ch v,
chuyn mch bo v tuong ng v nhng ngu b} nh huong ONs t OLT s c
trng th chuyn mch cua ho t ng bt. V vy, n sng b} nh huong
d s uoc chuyn qua ung bo v uoc ch }nh cua ho, m khng nh huong
bat ky trong d}ch v knh buc sng khc. Tat c cc chuyn mch bo v m
hnh thnh t ch OLT. Trong 32, mt ken trc WDM-PON cun tu thuyet v pro-
s bo v cua c ha so trung chuyn v phn ph so uoc e xuat, nhu
hnh. 6.11. C RN v cc so phn ph uoc nhn .
Cc knh buc sng cho mt au n }nh mnh uoc sao chp v chuyn smu-
taneousy trong ha ung quang khc nhau, mt cho hot ng bnh thung v khc
cho mc ch bo v, t uoc s a dng ung quang. Kh ct so
xy ra, OSW t au n s uoc kch hot chuyn hung b} ph v
tn hu cho con ung bo v.
258
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Hnh 6.9 Ken trc mng t bo v cho WDM-PON. LD1-4: dode aser PD1-4: PIN photodode WC: WDM couper M1 & M2: quang
mn hnh n {A, C} cho t2{1,. . . , N}: buc sng thuong nguon {B, D} cho t2{1,. . . , N}: buc sng h uu. Hnh ch nht cho thay quang ph
phn ng cua mt trong nhng cng u ra cua AWG. FSR: mn ph phm v quang ph cua AWG 28.
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Hnh 6.10 (A) Mt ken trc sng st WDM-PON v tm ONs v bo v tp trung km sot chuyn , (b) cau hnh OLT du
hot ng bnh thung, (c) Ke hoch chuyn nhuong buc sng. B / R: mu xanh / oc OC: so 3-dB couper LD: dode aser PD: photodode. Luu : FSR1 vet tt cua
mn ph phm v quang ph cua N2 (N 8) AWG t OLT trong kh FSR2 vet tt cua cua c ha AWG1 v AWG2 t RN. Cc buc sng uoc trch dn trong
hp nhng buc sng nguoc dng m vc. Cc buc sng trong d mu xanh uoc gch chn nhung nhng ngu trong ban nhc khng 31.
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Hnh 6.11 Mt ken trc WDM-PON v kh nang t bo v chng c ha trung chuyn
that b so v phn ph so 32. WC: buc sng couper, B / R: mu xanh / b oc mu , H eu hnh:
chuyn quang hoc, M: m-un gm st quyen c.
Bn cnh , c mt s ken trc mng sng st khc e xuat,
chng hn nhu qung b v chon WDM-PON v mt bo v nhm ON 33,
sao-rng WDM-PON v ONs ket n v nhau thng qua mt vng so thm
34, WDM-PON v 1: N OLT bo v v thu du duong 35, v
WDM-PON v cc b oc waveband bo v 36.
6.3.2.2 vng Topoogy
Trong WDM-Pons v vng topo, cc OLT uoc ket n v nheu ans
thng qua mt hoac ha vng so. M AN bao gom mt OADM hoac ch on gn mt
sptter quang n, m nheu ONs uoc ket n thm hoac trong
sao hoac vng topo 37, 38. Tuong t nhu Pons thng thung v chec nhn
cau trc n ket, bo v uoc thc hn bng phuong tn t phc ho nhn 20. Nhn
vng so bo v uoc su dng cung cap cc ung dn du tha v dng hoac
chuyn mch bo v ung dn uoc tch hop o c OLT v ANS. Nheu
mng WDM vng t phc ho truy cp th v} uoc bo co gn y
39-46. Trong 39, mt dy ac-WDM mng vng t phc ho, v mt cheu
Tm tt
261
OADM, uoc da trn chuyn mch m-quang, t m nt mng,
e xuat. Trong 40, b oc quang hoc v OSWs uoc su dng t ans cho sng
cheu d gm v chuyn mch bo v tuong ng. Trong 40, 41, mt AWG tn ch
th b oc uoc su dng nhu OADM v mt mch oopback uoc thc hn
cung cap bo v chuyn t m AN. Tuy nhn, nhng phuong php tep cn vn cn
yu cu ha ung cp quang m vc h tro c bo v cng nhu b-
truyen hung. Trong 42-46, so on ha cheu SHR (t cha bnh
Vng) mng cng uoc bo co. eu ny c th tep tc gm ch ph h thng v
nng cao hu qu chat xo trong cc mng SHR. Trong 47, mt ng sao vng xe but th v}
dy ac-WDM sng mang con-ghp mng, v bo v chuyn on gn
t ANS uoc e xuat. Tuy nhn, cc ket n cp mo rng uoc yu cu trong
ken trc mng uoc e xuat.
Trong 45, mt so on CWDM mng vng truy cp quang hoc on gn v undr-
OADMs ectona ua vo ANS uoc chng mnh, nhu th hn trong
V. 6.12. Cc knh buc sng h uu n cha v gu
doc theo mng vng trong c ha hung phn tuyn truyen. Mt 2A2 OSW
v mt ch ph thap CWDM OADM uoc su dng t m AN, nhu mnh hoa
trong hnh. 6.12 (b). Kh ct so doc theo mng vng uoc pht hn, bng cc phuong tn
pht hn tn hu gm, cc OSWs t ans b} nh huong s uoc kch hot
chuyn trng th chuyn mch cua ho nhu vy m ho vn c th gao tep v OLT
thng qua cc so u vo trong mt hung truyen. Trong 46, mt so on b-
hung mng truy nhp quang vng t phc ho v OADM ha cheu
uoc chng mnh. Y tuong p dng ken trc tuong t v OLT
con ung thay the chuyn chuong trnh nhu trong 31 t uoc chc nang t phc ho trong
mt
so on vng truy cp quang hoc.
Trong 47, 48, mt mng vng bo v th v} quang hoc hnh ng sao
e xuat, nhu th hn trong hnh. 6.13. Topo mng vt sao
hnh, nhung cc ket n hop cua tat c cc nt, du hnh thc ung dn buc sng,
thc s trong mt cau trc n ket vng, nhu th hn trong hnh. 6.13 (b). N uoc thc hn bo
cc
fodback quang t AWG m vc t OLT v }nh tuyen buc sng
thuc tnh cua thet b} AWG. Mt tp hop cc ung dn sao uu cng buc sng
uoc ch }nh bo v chng bat ky s that b n ket so. eu ny thet p sao uu
ung dn buc sng c th uoc kch hot bng cch chuyn cc ket n cp vo
cng vo ch }nh cua AWG. Kh mt so hoac mt nt mng that b,
vc chuyn bo v t OLT s uoc cau hnh kch hot sao uu
buc sng ung dn, b qua cc nt b} hng hoac n ket.
6.4 TOM TT
V vc trn kha pht trn nhanh chng cua Pons trong c doanh nghp v dn cu
khu vc, san sng cua mng cao ph uoc m bo cho tat c cc thu bao. Do ,
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Hnh 6.12 (A) Mt so on CWDM truy cp mng quang vng, (b) v (c) cau trc cua AN2 trong (b) trng th bnh thung v (c) nh nuc bo v kh
c mt ct so ga AN2 v AN3 45. AN: nt truy cp, Tx: my pht, Rx: nhn.
Tm tt
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Hnh 6.13 (A) bo v mng vng hnh ng sao quang hoc, (b) so o ung quang, r rc
ung ny con ung bo v uoc ch }nh (c) cc ung quang bo v uoc thng qua kh nt 1
that b 47. FBG: Lu so Bragg.
van e mng sng st m day n nheu s ch gn y. N rat cao
mong mun c ken trc mng sng st nh hot v mnh m cng nhu
e n bo v chuyn trong p quang hoc cung cap kh nang phc ho tt v
bat ky s that b cua cc so hoac thet b} mng. Mt s thet ke quan trong xem xt-
atons bo v trong Pons uoc tho un v mt s gn y
e xuat cc ken trc mng sng st cho c ha thung Pons v
WDM-Pons uoc xem xt. Trong hu het cc chuong trnh, quang hoc quan trong
thnh phn OSWs tang cung bo v chuyn . Do , quang
cng ngh chuyn 49 v ch ph thap v nhanh chng chuyn cu tr s
rat quan trong v c tm quan trong thc tn cao cho php trn kha rng cua
Pons sng st. Th gan chuyn bo v n hnh nn uoc g du mt v
hng chc m gy, n 50 ms, gm s uong cua mat mt d u trong gao thng
phc ho.
264
LOI CM TA
Tc g xn cm on cc ong nghp v snh vn sau hoc t
Lghtwave Phng th nghm Truyen thng, hoc Trung Ouc cua Hong
Kng: Go su Chnon Ln, Go su Lan K. Chen, Ten s haoxn Wang,
Ong Tsan-m Chan, ng Ch-Man Lee, ng Xaofeng Sun, v ng Oguang
hao, cho hop tc nghn cu v tho un kch thch ve chu e cua
mng truy nhp quang hoc v cng ngh. Tc g cng xn cm on
Ten s Cedrc Lm cho ken c g tr} cua mnh trn chuong ny.
THAM KHO
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T u tham kho
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Chuong 7
ac tnh quang hoc,
Chn on, v hu suat
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Aan E. Wner1 v hongq Pan2
1
2
hoc Nam Caforna
hoc Lousana t Lafayette
7.1 GIOI THIE
Chn on quang hoc, gm st hot ng, v ac tnh rat cn thet
bo m hot ng chat uong cao cua bat ky h thng sng nh sng. Trong thc te, mt
mng quang hoc hu qu v ng tn cy, chng hn nhu mt mng quang th ng (PON),
ph thuc vo thu nghm v o ung thch hop. Trong kh xy dng
ga on, thu nghm thch hop cch duy nhat m bo rng tat c cc yu cu truyen t n
thng s k thut son uoc p ng, mng san sng cho gao thng thc te, v ph
scrbers uoc cung cap v chat uong d}ch v d ken. Trong ban u
vn hnh v kch hot thu bao, km tra v chn on c th m bo rng
ton b h thng hot ng trong cc ch tet k thut chap nhn uoc. Kh mng-
cng vc uoc kch hot v hot ng bt u, chat uong d}ch v (OoS) ph
km tra v gm st p ng cc tha thun cap d}ch v v cc thu bao.
Kh van e uoc pht hn v chn on (v d nhu tn hu thap hoac khng c tn hu),
xu s c mng gp gm thu th gan chet mng, nhanh chng kh phc
d}ch v that b, v qun hu qu hu suat mng.
Mt PON mt m-a, chat xo-to-the-co so ken trc mng trong
m b tch quang unpowered (hoac cha tch trong quang n hoac sng
cheu d) uoc su dng cho php mt so quang duy nhat phc v cho nheu co so. Hnh
7.1 cho thay ken trc PON chung. Mt PON khng su dng bat ky hot ng Eec-
thnh phn tu (cc thet b} tu th n nang), t van phng trung tm (CO)
co so cua ngu tu dng. Mng mang mt d on cua chat xo,
267
268
ac tnh quang hoc, chn on, v gm st hu suat cho PON
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Hnh 7.1 Ken trc cua mt mng quang th ng truy cp.
tr qua nheu cha tch phc v c at nheu ngu tu dng. Cha tch ny
t uoc bng phuong tn cua b tch th ng. Ve pha cc }a phuong trao c
mt cham dt dng quang (OLT), ve pha ngu su dng c mt mng quang hoc
on v} (au n). Su dng mt mng u cp quang th ng m-a m, bao gom
so quang hoc v mt hoac nheu b tch (trong thc), mt s ONs
ket n v mt OLT trong mt cau trc cy. Mt au n c th uoc ket hop v mt
on v} cham dt mng (NT). eu ny to ra mt ket thc mng quang
(ONT). OLT c gao dn v mng ung trc cung cap cc
d}ch v cho ngu su dng. Do mt phn th ng cua PON bao gom cc b tch v so
nm trong nh vc ny. Thnh phn hot ng hop phc tp uoc yu cu trong
ngo t }a phuong (OLT) v o pha bn cua ngu su dng (cc ON / ONTs).
Khng gng nhu trn mat at pont-to-pont v du khuech buc sng dv-
(WDM) h thng so son-ghp, bn chat m-a m cua PON
thc hn cc chn on quang hoc, gm st hot ng, v ac tnh mt
thch thc. Cc b km tra quan trong thc hn trong th gan xy dng cua PON bao gom tng s
o mat n ket (ngn sch nang uong quang hoc), mat mt tro quang (ORL) Meas-
ung, ac bt kh (CATV) d}ch v truyen hnh cp uoc cung cap, n ket ac
teraton su dng mt phn x men th gan quang (OTDR). Trong th gan PON
hot ng, cc nh kha thc mng cn ph pht hn s hn dn cua tn hu, o chng, v
xc mnh rng ho nm trong phm v quyen c chap nhn uoc. Thc hn trt
nh g, chnh xc bt-rate (BER) o ung c th gp xc }nh com-
tranh, khch hng g cc tha thun cap d}ch v, v, quan trong hon,
m bo v duy tr chng.
Trong chuong ny, chng t u tn s g thu ac tnh quan trong cua chat xo mt th gan
ngn v
sau tho un ve nhng thch thc trong PON ac tnh v gm st. Th ha, chng t
s tho un ve cc yu cu thu nghm cho PON, o ung nh nuc-of-the-art
chc nang k thut v qun tr} mng. Chng t s tp trung vo quang
cng ngh gm st, bao gom cc k thut gm st co bn (quang hoc
gm st knh: n, buc sng, v t tn hu quang hoc-to-nose), v
k thut gm st tn ten phn tn sc (CD) v s phn cc
che phn tn (PMD) gm st. Vo cu cua chuong ny, chng t s cung cap cho mt
ket un ngn gon ve cc xu hung trong tuong a.
Mng thu nghm, m t ac m, v thch thc gm st cho PON
269
7.2 MANG KIM TRA, TNH,
GIAM SAT VA THACH THC CHO PON
7.2.1 ac m chnh cua so
ac m chnh cua mt n ket so tn that n nang m do chat xo
suy gm v ket n cp. Suy gm, }nh ngha t u vo
n cho cng suat u ra, mat n quang nhu nh sng truyen doc theo
chat xo. S suy gm trong so quang do s hap th, phn tn, v
un tht h. Cc g hn vt co bn v s suy gm chat xo
do tn x cua cc nguyn tu sc o cc buc sng ngn hon v vt u
hap th t buc sng d hon. C ha cc tu trong ung cong mat mt, mt gn
01:03 mm v mt thm ch thap hon gn 01:55 mm. So un cng c th gy ra n
thua bo v bc x b} that thot qua un cong cua n. S mat mt un ngh}ch
t thun v bn knh un cong v ph thuc buc sng. eu quan trong
e cp en rng c th c nheu khc cua so v m trong th gan c at PON, v
un cong v m c th c tht h hon ng k o nhng buc sng d hon.
Tn that n nang cng c mat t cc ket n cp, chng hn nhu ket n, ch n, v
ghp. Khp n cua nh sng vo v ra kh mt so nh kh khan hon nheu
t uoc hon khp n tn hu n trong dy ong t: () cc photon
yeu g hn trong cc ng dn sng trong kh cc n tu b} rng buc chat ch v cc dy,
v () ct cua mt so thung nh hon nheu so v mt dy n.
u tn, nh sng ph uoc ghp vo cc chat xo t mt chm ta aser phn ky, v ha so
ph uoc ket n v nhau. Th ha, ket n ha so khc nhau trong mt h thng
ph uoc thc hn rat cn thn do kch thuc nh cua . Ngu ta mun
t uoc ket n trung by: () mat thap, () phn nh thap, () ap
v (v) tn cy. Ha phuong php ph ben cc m n vnh vn v mech-
ket n anca. Thung trc'' hop'' m n c th uoc thc hn bng cch at
ha so ket thc gn nhau, to ra mt ho quang n cao p m tan chy cc
so ket thc, v'''' nung chy cc so v nhau. Tht h v phn nh v cng
con thap %0.1 dB v %A#0 DB tuong ng. Nhuoc m : () mt m n
tnh te v ph uoc bo v v () n vnh vn. Ngo ra, c
mt s o ket n co kh, chng hn nhu ST, v FC / PC. Tht h v tro
phn nh vn cn kh tt, v thung %0.3 dB v %A45 DB tuong ng.
Tn that thap cc ky quan trong v mt xung nh sng ph cha t thu
uong n nang uoc pht hn nhu vy m'' 0'' hoac'' 1'' bt d u c th
r rng pht hn, o ung sc mnh nhu vy, quang hoc (hoac mat so n ket
o ung) thu nghm co bn nhat trong bat ky mng so quang. Luu
ORL ac tnh c n quan en o ung quang n, v cn thet cho
nheu h thng cp quang k thut s v tuong t, chng hn nhu Pons. ORL cng mt khong chat
xo mt
s ket hop cua tn x Rayegh v Fresne phn nh, c th m gm chat xo
hu nang h thng v tang BER bng cch m gm s n }nh cua my pht.
270
Hu ng so khc da trn hn che khong cch truyen dn t a v
tc bt bao gom phn tn mu, che phn cc phn tn, v
ph tuyen. y nhng m t ngn gon nhu sau:
1. Phn tn sc (CD): Trong bat ky phuong tn no khc hon chn khng v trong bat ky
cau trc ng dn sng (tr tuong khng gan trng v hn), khc nhau n
tn s t du }ch o tc khc nhau. y bn chat cua Chro-
phn tn matc. Vn tc chat xo cua mt buc sng on sc duy nhat
hng s. Tuy nhn, eu che d u gy ra mt mo rng cua quang ph
ngay c nhng xung aser on sc nhat. Do , tat c cc d u uoc eu che c
cheu rng quang ph khc khng m ko d nheu buc sng, v khc nhau
thnh phn quang ph cua d u eu che du }ch o tc khc nhau. Trong ac
ar, cho cung d u k thut s uoc eu che trn mt tu sn quang hoc, mu sc
phn tn dn en xung mo rng-t dn en mu sc
phn tn hn che tc d u t a c th uoc truyen qua
so quang hoc. on v} phn tn sc (ps / nm) / km, do , ngn hon
xung th gan, tn s rng hon y an do eu che d u, v cn so
m d s gp phn phn tn th gan.
2. Che phn cc phn tn (PMD): so on mode thc s h tro
ha phn cc vung gc cua tn hu truyen ban u (fundamen-
ta che ). Trong mt so tuong (hon ho) ha che ny khng th phn bt,
v c n tc tuyn truyen cng do s xng tr
ng dn sng. Tuy nhn, ct cua mt so quang hoc c th khng hon ho
trn, v ket qu hnh ep c ha trc trc gao. Ch s-of-
khc x cua ng dn sng, m quyet }nh tc cua nh sng, ph thuc vo
hnh dng cua ng dn sng cng nhu cc vt u thuy tnh rng cua mnh. V vy, nh sng
phn cc doc theo mt trc o mt tc khc nhau hon khng nh sng
phn cc doc theo trc trc gao. Chat xo khng xng c th vn c trong
cc chat xo t qu trnh sn xuat, hoac n c th mt ket qu cua co kh
cang thng trn so trn kha. Bat xng vn c cua so kh
theo th gan, trong kh s cang thng co hoc do chuyn ng cua chat xo
c th khc nhau, dn en mt kha cnh nang ng PMD. K t kh nh sng trong ha
trc trc gao v vn tc nhm khc nhau, at hng u tn, eu ny
tc nh sng khc bt s gy ra mt th gan an truyen tn hu,
go tr nhm khc bt (DGD).
Phn tn mu sc v che phn cc phn tn uoc co quan trong
nh huong suy tho trong h thng truyen dn ung d hot ng o 10 Gbt / s
v hon the na.
3. Ph tuyen: Ch s khc x cua so quang ho ph thuc vo
sc mnh quang hoc n mang, v cung cao hon tr qua mt cao hon
ch s. Hon na, n trung cua mt s knh WDM s ket hop v
271
M tng khc v cc sn phm v cc sn phm tn s khc nhau. Nonnea-
rtes c th uoc km sot bng cch cn thn g thu v cn bng mu sc
phn tn, c v c }nh v / hoac bo thung du duong phn tn. Cc
hu ng ph tuyen sau y c xu hung m gm ng k tnh ton ven tn hu:
(I) eu che t pha (SPM) xy ra bo v ho so c nhn cua mt cung
xung quang trn mt knh duy nhat gy ra mt ch s khc x-th gan khc nhau
ho so v, do , cc trung tm cung cao hon cua mt xung truyen chm hon so v
-cung thap hon cnh xung. (I) Kh xem xt nheu knh WDM ong
tuyn truyen trong mt chat xo, cc photon t cc knh 2 thng qua Nc th bp mo
ho so ch s knh nghm cua knh 1. eu che cho ga on ny
(XPM) ch s ben dng chuyn thnh mt ben dng tc sng nh sng. (I)
cung quang hoc truyen qua cc so bnh phuong cua n
nh vc. Kh bnh phuong tng cua cc nh vc khc nhau, cc sn phm xuat hn uoc nh
eu kn t khon khc nhau v s khc bt tn s v tn hu ban u. Neu mt
Knh WDM ton t o mt trong bn sng trn (FWM) nh b hn
tn s, thut ng nh}p s can thp mch c v chong cho ny
Knh WDM v c kh nang ph huy d u.
Trong phn ny, chng t g thu tm tt ac tnh quan trong cua chat xo c th nh huong en
mn trnh dn cua h thng truyen t. Ngu oc c th tm thay su hon thng tn-
ton ve khem cua chat xo v cc hu ng cua ho t cc t u tham kho sau y 32,
44, 62, 63, 64. eu quan trong e cp en s suy yeu ng k trong
PON trn kha hn nay tn that n nang quang hoc v quang hoc mat mt tro . L do
uoc tc truyen t PON n chung uoc g hn en du 10 Gbps v
khong cch truyen dn thung du 50 km. CD v PMD khng uoc co
nhu cc tc ng hn che o mc t bt v khong cch.
7.2.2 ac m v gm st thch thc
cho PON
C khng ph tat c cc hu ng so da trn e cp o trn cn ph uoc nhn vt
ho hoac theo d trong mt PON. Trong phn ny, chng t s tho un ve cc yu cu v
nhng thch thc trong vc km tra v gm st Pons.
Mt PON cn ph uoc km tra trong kh c at v nhng do sau y: ()
m bo cp quang uoc c at ng cho ngnh cng nghp c th c
ARDS (IEEE, IT-T, Tecoda, v TIA / EIA), () m bo cc thet b}
ke su dng trn h thng cp s hot ng ng cch, () m bo
thet b} thng tn n c ang m vc thng s k thut, v (4) t u
mng tham kho trong trung hop cua cc van e trong tuong a 1.
Tc truyen t cua mt PON n chung uoc g hn en du 10 ggabt / gy (v d:
GPONs ang chy n en 2,488 Gbt / s o h uu hay thuong nguon). Xuyn
khong cch nhm v thung du 50 km. So v tc cao ung d
272
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Hnh 7.2 m no m cc thu nghm cn thet cho mt WDM, pont-to-mutpont, v ha cheu
PON.
Mng WDM, mt PON c mt s tnh chat c o, chng hn nhu m-a
m, WDM v mng ha cheu ken trc trong unpowered op-
sptter tca uoc su dng cho php mt so quang duy nhat phc v cho nheu co so.
Tn hu h uu uoc pht sng vo m ten e chung chat xo. Thuong nguon
tn hu uoc ket hop su dng mt gao thc truy cp nheu, un un phn cha th gan
truy cp nheu (TDMA). Hon na, mt s tu chun 2, 3 e xuat khc nhau
tc d u v cc gao thc. Nhu hnh. 7.2. mt PON n hnh c t quang
thnh phn hon mt ung d mng quang WDM. Cc thnh phn chnh trong
mt PON bao gom: cp quang, b cha quang hoc, thet b} u cu gm (chng hn nhu bn v
tam), v ket n. Do tnh chat cua cc thnh phn quang th ng,
thu nghm v ac tnh thng s chnh cho mt PON quang
mc cng suat t cc m khc nhau. Mc nang uong ph hop (hoac n end-to-end
) s m bo truyen d u thch hop. Ngo ra, tro quang phn cheu
ph uoc gm en mc t thu. Ny uoc o bng mat mt tro quang (ORL)
m uoc }nh ngha t s cng suat quang s c quyen c quang hoc phn nh.
ORL c th uoc o t u vo cua mt thet b} v thung uoc o bng dB.
Cao hon ORL, thap hon phn nh , do tt hon h thng
s thc hn. G thap phn nh ac bt quan trong v PON
h thng su dng p phu vdeo tuong t o buc sng 1:55-mm.
Do tnh chat c o cua n, ac tnh, chn on v theo d mt
PON khc nhau t cc mng quang hoc khc v c mt s thch thc. Chng t
s tm tt nhng thch thc chnh trong cc phn du y.
7.2.2.1 Cc buc sng m
Ln mnh Vn thng Ouc te Vn thng-Standarda
ton ngnh (IT-T) e xuat cc tu chun G.983.3 su dng mt buc sng cho
gao thng h uu v mt cho gao thng nguoc dng 2. e ngh} ny
273
ch }nh cc buc sng 1490 nm cho gong n h uu v cc tn hu d u, v
1310-nm buc sng cho tn hu tho v d u thuong nguon. Ban nhc 1550-nm
c b ng trong trung hop cc nh cung cap d}ch v mong mun cha s cc so PON v mt
a so cp ong trc (HFC) mng, ken trc truyen hnh cp truyen thng.
Mng quang hoc truyen thng hot ng chu yeu trong nam 1550 nm v 1300 nm
ban nhc, do hu het cc thet b} thu nghm bao gom nhng buc sng rat tt. N
n chung ng thu nghm 1550-nm u trang tr cc khu vc 1490-nm cho
so m hon uoc c at sau kh cu nhng nam 1990. Tuy nhn, n van e cho
so c uoc trn kha vo u nam 1990, truc kh s ton t cua G.652c kh
nh cao nuc (ban nhc E) khng uoc thu ht rat nheu quan tm. Km tra cp quang
thet b} ph c kh nang km tra o tat c ba buc sng. Mac d mo ngu
kh quen thuc v c 1310-nm v buc sng truyen 1550-nm,
1490-nm buc sng truyen nhng thch thc m cho OTDR.
7.2.2.2 ha cheu v WDM mng
Mt PON mat o the cua WDM, su dng ha buc sng (nm 1490,
1550 nm) cho gao thng h uu v khc (1330 nm) cho gao thng o thuong nguon.
eu ny cho php gao thng ha cheu trn mt so cp quang duy nhat. V vy, bdrec-
thu nghm te rat quan trong, bo v n cho php cc trung bnh cua cc g tr} mat mt v
bo v mt s s kn, chng hn nhu kch thuc khng ph hop, to ra mat mt khc nhau
mc ph thuc vo nh sng en t mt hung hay khc
4. Thu nghm a buc sng cng cn thet v mt s s kn nhu v m
un cong c th gy ra tht h ng k hon o cc buc sng cao hon (1550 nm) so v o
nhng ngu thap hon (1310 nm). v cng mt do, theo d cng nn uoc m
hnh thnh bdrectonay cho buc sng khc nhau.
7.2.2.3 Pont-to-Mutpont
Pont-to-mutpont h thng c th phc tp hon nheu so v m-m
h thng. Yu cu ngn sch mat mt cho mt PON, da trn IT khuyen-
tng 2 c th rat chat ch, ac bt kh tch cng cao s uoc su dng
trong thet ke. Cc sptter trong mt PON gy ra mt s mat mt vn c v u vo
n uoc phn cha cho nheu ket qu u ra. Mat tch ph thuc vo t phn cha
v khong 3 dB cho mt sptter 1A2, tang 3 dB m n s uong
ket qu u ra tang gap . Mt sptter 1A32 c mt mat mt cha t nhat 15 dB. S mat mt
ny
uoc xem bo c ha tn hu h uu v thuong uu. Ket hop cc khon cua
WDM couper, ch n, ket n, v chat xo t thn, v rat quan trong
thc hn gm quang hoc v ORL o ha cheu trn m truyen
n ket cua mt PON trong kh c at.
Sau kh spcng b ghp vo so t CO, khuyen co
ac trung cho couper cho mat mt v phn nh m bo cc php o
274
ph hop v thng s k thut cua nh sn xuat. ac tnh uoc thc hn bng
mt phn x men th gan quang (OTDR) ket hop v mt b chuyn trn so
v hp xung c che. S ket hop cua cc cng c uoc su dng thu nghm so
t cng ra couper ve pha OLT trong CO v m t nhng tn that
cua m cng sptter t buc sng 1310 nm, 1490 nm, v 1550 nm. OTDR n quan
gu mt tn hu quang doc theo con ung truyen v pht hn tro
nh sng tn x t cc chat xo xc }nh trng th cua ung truyen.
Do , ch vc su dng mt o b vng at chet s cho php o ung-cua sptter
cha, neu khng, cc khon cua sptter s nm trong vng chet OTDR v
do uncharacterabe.
N uoc khuyen khch km tra t CO ve pha sptter (s), tat c cc cch
cc ONTs, c th uoc thc hn bng cch thc hn mt a m-
Km tra OTDR. Tuy nhn, km tra pont-to-mutpont ch c th neu th so
t sptter en ONTs eu khc nhau v nhau. Neu khng,
thu nghm v ch bo v phn x v tn x tro t m ch nhnh s ONT
xuat hn cng nhau trong cc dau vet 5. Hon na, su dng OTDR thu nghm v mon-
torng kh khan trong mt s s kn. V d, theo d hoac xu s c
mt ngu dng cu su dng 1330/1550-nm OTDR c th m gn on gao thng cho ngu dng
khc
hoac OLTs, hoac OTDR khng th m vc ng cch.
7.2.2.4 thua tn hu
Mt n tch PON truyen thng mt mng cha s, trong OLT gu
mt dng duy nhat cua gao thng h uu uoc xem bo tat c ONTs. M ONT ch
oc n dung cua cc g tn uoc gu en n. M ha c th
uoc su dng ngan chan snoopng tr php uu uong truy cp h uu. OLT cng
gao tep v m ONT phn b bang thng nguoc dng v nhau
nt. Kh mt ONT c uu uong truy cp gu, OLT gn mt khong th gan trong
ONT c th gu cc g d u cua n. Bo v bang thng khng dnh rng mt cch r rng cho m
ONT nhung ng phn b, mt PON cho php ghp knh thng k v qu
thu bao cua c ha bang thng thuong nguon v h nguon. V vy, khng ch
cc chat xo m cn bang thng c th uoc cha s trn mt nhm n cua ngu su dng.
Tuy nhn, theo hung thuong nguon, nhy OLT nhn v BER khc v
t thung xuyn pont-to-pont. Ln ket thng thung c th uoc o bat k
cua gao thc p cao hon do che truyen dn n tc cua ho. Trong
hung thuong nguon cua ken trc PON, ngu ta ph ua vo t khon cc bng pht
bn chat cua d u v khong cch phn bt cua m ON. V vy, kh
ac trung cho nhy thu OLT ngu ta ph m nhu vy nhu mt phn cua mt trong PON
ket hop v mt s ONs v khng ch nhu mt n ket c p. OLT
nhn c nm bt s bng n nguoc dng yeu sau mt mnh m. Ny
ua ra mt thch thc ve km tra v gm st PON.
Phuong php m t ac m, chn on, v gm st
275
Tm , PON ken trc nng cao s cn thet cua phuong php thu nghm PON c th
khc v phuong php thu nghm quang hoc thng thung, m t param-
eters cua h thng con v cc m-un.
7.3 PHUONG PHAP TNH,
Chn on, VA GIAM SAT
Trong phn ny, chng t s tho un ve cc thu nghm v ac tnh cn thet
trong PON c at, thet b} km tra, xu s c, v chn on
hung dn trong trung hop cua bat ky van e gao thng, v mt v v d ve t chc
gm st hot ng m bo chat uong d}ch v (OoS) cho ngu dng cu.
Cc c g c th tm thay nheu trong cuc tho un su trong nen van hoc n quan nhu
6, 7.
7.3.1 bt buc vt -p o ung
Ba b km tra quang hoc chnh s uoc thc hn trong th gan c at PON :
o ORL ha cheu, ha cheu PON-yeu t mat quang Meas-
ung, v ha cheu end-to-end n ket ac.
L tuong nhat, mt PON nn uoc ac trung v thu nghm sau m on
c at. V d, mt n mt so cp uoc c at, km tra end-to-end nn
uoc thc hn t cu so v OLT trong van phng trung tm (CO). N
quan trong m t tng phn khc bo v n bao gom nheu chat ch khong cch eu nhau
cc s kn nhu ket n, cp te, ch n co kh hoac ch n hop nhat. Tat c cc
km tra ph uoc thc hn bdrectonay.
L n ket v cc php o ORL cn ph uoc thc hn t khc nhau sng
d, chng hn nhu 1490/1550 nm theo hung h uu v 1310 nm trong
hung thuong nguon. End-to-end n ket ac tnh bao gom cc thng s nhu vy
nhu attenuatons cua phn on so c nhn, }a m v tht h ve ch n,
ket n, b cha quang, b ghp WDM, v d} thung n ket.
7.3.2 Co bn thu nghm thet b}
Cc cng c sau y cn thet km tra v khc phc s c cp quang
nh my, h thng, hoac n ket ng cch:
1. Mat quang hoc tp km tra (OLTS) hoac ong ho n v nguon thu nghm v quang
xep hng ph hop v cc thng s k thut cua h thng c at (o so, xuyn
o mtter, v buc sng) v b eu hop ket n thch hop. Mt OLTS m
276
ch on thun km tra tht h nh my cp c th khng bao gom mt ong ho n hu chun
cn thet thu nghm my pht v my thu nang uong, do , mt sc mnh hu chun
mt v mt nguon hu chun s a chon tt hon cho n ket hoac thu nghm h thng.
2. OTDR n quan en vc gu mt tn hu quang doc theo con ung truyen t v
pht hn nh sng tro r rc t cc chat xo xc }nh trng th
ung truyen. Cc c th uoc pht hn bo OTDR bao gom:
ph v so khng thng hng / khng ph hop, chat xo, un cong v m, b bn trn ket n
ferrues, v gc. thu nghm PON, OTDR c th
thu nghm o ba buc sng (buc sng 1310 nm, 1490 nm, v 1550 nm) v c th mt
mt phn tu (1625 nm hoac 1650 nm pht hn v m un nhy cm do
thc te un cong v m c tht h ng k hon na sng
d). Vng chet cua OTDR mt yeu t quan trong
v nn cng ngn cng tt. Luu rng vc su dng mt th gan ac bt cua chat xo
go c che xung quang (OPS) c th d chuyn vng chet t
bt u cua so thu so ac bt ny, do m gm chet
khu vc khong 1 m.
3. ORL km tra ong ho o bao gom mt nguon v mt ong ho n quang hoc o ung
phn nh sc mnh. Ha cheu ORL o ph uoc thc hn cho
m phn chat xo, tng ngnh sptter, v tng th t u en cu con ung ga
m th v OLT.
4. Hnh nh so nh dau v / hoac }nh v} trc quan (VFL) su dng nguon aser c th nhn thay
xc }nh v} tr cc s kn nhu ph v so, un cong qu chat ch, hoac km gao ph
ket n. Anh sng c th nhn thay cho php ngu dng nhn thay mt so hoac mat cao
m nhu mt nh sng rc r hoac nhap nhy, v the cho php mt xc }nh nhanh chng cua mt
trong mt n ket so quang.
Thet b} km tra khc bao gom PON buc sng c p ong ho n, c th
o cng suat quang bt cua gao thng o thuong nguon d so sng (LFD)
c th pht hn so trc tep v truyen gao thng phn tch ph quang
(OSA) o n quang nhu mt hm cua buc sng v km tra BER
thet b} c su dng mat n mt mu tu chun nh g cc d u xu
kh nang cua mt n ket so quang hoc.
Mt trong nhng ngnh hot ng trong thu nghm PON d ken s uoc pht trn
phn tch cng c phn mem chn on s uoc tch hop vo cc thu nghm trang b}-
cha. Thet b} km tra thng mnh s c th chn on v
cung cap cc ket qu du dng ong bng ngn ng van bn, hnh thc bu o, hoac cc g tr}
s
d dng hu uoc tat c cc k thut vn. V vc b sung cc phn mem FTTx
t ng ha, kh nm ve mt nt FTTx c thu nghm m-un, fea-
Turng m-un km tra vt v p gao thc, v phn mem km tra t ng
da trn tu chun cng nghp v cng ty, rat nheu s gp phn vo cuc hop
vc trn kha hng ot tch cc cua cc thu bao FTTx m kha thc uoc
nhm mc tu 8.
277
7.3.3 Mng u km tra, m t ac m, v
Hung dn chn on
Tat c cc nh my so cp yu cu xt nghm co bn nhat }nh m bo ho uoc c at
mt cch chnh xc v s p ng cc g tr} hu suat d ken. Sau kh mt mng PON
p at v ua vo hot ng, nh my cp quang khng th trnh kh v
thng tn n c n tu suy tho v that b s xy ra. Cc hot ng
bat thung hoac that b c th xy ra o mt ONT, mt OLT, hoac phn ph
tu bao gom: (1) s suy tho cua ket n cp quang t m,
b bn, hu hng, hoac khng thng hng, (2) hoac OLT ONT that b th mch, (3) m
suy tho qu hot ng trong mt ONT t khch hng ket n khc trang b}-
trn, v (4) tht h nguy hm v v tnh dy cp, tu phn ph, hoac
thet b} u cu truy cp. Nhng eu kn ny c th dn en vc mat tn hu quang hoc t mt
hoac
hon ONTs, quang n nhn du g tr} cua n uoc ch }nh, mt tang
BER hoac tn hu b} suy tho. Chng t s tho un ve mt th gan ngn cc hung dn c at,
km tra, xu s c mng v trong phn ny 1, 6-8. Luu
d u c g tr} nhat c th c cho xu s c thu nghm c at
t u hung dn.
7.3.3.1 Km tra v khc phc s c Nh my so c at
C mt s van e c th v cp quang p at cp
uoc gy ra bo thc hnh c at, chng hn nhu k thut ko khng ng,
thu tc khng ng n hoac cham dt, v ket n mat cao. Truc
c at, n uoc khuyen khch km tra tnh n tc cua tat c cc o cp nhu nhn uoc trn
cun su dng nh dau hnh nh hoac }nh v} . Sau kh c at, n, v
cham dt, tat c cc o cp ph uoc km tra cho mat chn su dng mt OLTS v
OTDR. N chung, cc o cp uoc km tra c nhn v sau mt hon concaten-
Nh my cp ated uoc km tra end-to-end bdrectonay. Thu nghm uoc su dng so snh
v ngn sch nang uong n ket v ngn sch nang uong thet b} thng tn n c
m bo hot ng tt. Luu rng cc thu nghm nn uoc thc hn t d }nh
buc sng hot ng.
Cc hung dn xu s c cho mt van e nh my so :
1. Xc }nh xem van e v mt hoac tat c cc so trong cp. Neu tat c cc
so c mt van e, c mt kh nang cua mt van e p at cp nang.
Neu tat c cc so b} hng hoac c cao hon so v tn that d ken, mt OTDR s hn th}
v} tr cua van e trn dy cp d hon nhung co so cp c th qu
ngn v cn km tra thc te cc dy cp chy. Neu van e do
bo xon hoac qu chat mt khc, cp s ph uoc sua cha hoac thay the.
2. Ch n xau hoac cham dt nhng nguyn nhn c kh nang nhat cho so cao.
278
3. Km tra tht h cao nn bt u v km tra knh hn v cua cham dt
cho nh bng thch hop, b bn, try xuc, hu hng.
4. Neu do cho s mat mt cao khng r rng v cc ket n dnh /
phong cch nh bng, van e c th ngh ngo so o mat sau cua u n. Mt
VFL c th gp trong vc tm kem ph v so, ty thuc vo phong cch v ket n
trong sut cua chec o khoc truyen hnh cp.
5. Van e n mat c th uoc xc }nh chnh xc trong qu trnh thu nghm OTDR. Xc nhn
v VFL nn uoc thc hn neu cheu d t cu cua cp ngn
u ($ 2-3 km), no mt VFL su dng uoc. Cc VFL c th tm thay ch n cao
hoac cc vet nt trong so gy ra bng cch xu cc van e trong khay m n.
7.3.3.2 Km tra v khc phc s c thet b} truyen thng
Sau kh nh my cp uoc thu nghm, thet b} thng tn n c nn
uoc ket n ng cch su dng ph hop v dy v. Neu mat nh my cp
trong ngn sch mat mt cua cc thet b} (bao gom c s mat mt cua dy v),
cc n ket truyen thng cn m vc ng cch. Neu mt n ket khng hot ng, hu het
van e tem nang c th :
1. Ket n khng ng cch: H thng yu cu mt my pht uoc ket n v mt
nhn, tat nhn, v vy eu quan trong xc mnh eu ny cho m n ket. Ngay c kh
Nh my cp uoc gh chp ng cch, o so c th uoc vuot qua t n
trung gan ket n, v vy su dng mt nh dau hnh nh hoac hnh nh }nh v} s cho php
xc nhn nhanh chng cua cc ket n.
2. Trc trac cua cc thet b} thng tn n c: Neu n uoc ket n v cp
nh my nhung khng hot ng ng, bt u bng vc km tra sc mnh o ngu nhn
trn mt u cua n ket. Hy chc chn rng thet b} ang c gng truyen tn hu
v sc mnh nm trong thng s k thut eu hnh. Mt s thet b} c mt
che km tra buc truyen mt tn hu km tra hoac cc thet b} c th
ch cn g truyen c gng hon thnh mt ket n. Neu ngu nhn
sc mnh nm trong thng s k thut, ngu nhn hoac thet b} n tu bn ngo n ket
c th van e. Su dng thet b} chn on hoac tham kho ken cc nh sn xuat
uoc h tro.
Neu km tra pht tt, nhung sc mnh nhn thap, van e
c trong nh my cp. Do , xu s c cua nh my so
yu cu.
7.3.4 Mng u Gm st hu suat
Km tra v gm st trc tep so uoc }nh ngha mt thu nghm nonntrusve trn uoc ua ra
so, cho d mt phn hoac nheu phn mang d u trc tep, gong n, hoac
279
tn hu vdeo, nh g chat uong cua mt n ket so quang. N ang tro thnh
r rng rng gm st hu suat quang hoc, gom c vt v gao thc
p, c th kh thun o cho vc duy tr v qun cua mt
PON, v rat nheu s gp phn p ng cc ket n kh uong tch cc
thu bao FTTx m cc nh kha thc ang nhm mc tu.
7.3.4.1 K thut gm st co bn cho mng quang
Ve co bn, gm st hu suat quang hoc (OPM) mt mech tem nang
ansm c thn s km sot cua truyen v p vt chat do qun -
cha. N ph c kh nang chn on sc khe cua h thng. Trong trung hop khng
cua mt s that b, n ph xc }nh v} tr v tnh chat cua s that b mt
sua cha thch hop c th uoc n ke hoch v thc hn mt cch nhanh chng. OPM nn c p
nguyn nhn c th v v} tr cua van e ch khng ph ch on gn m thanh bo ng
do , mn hnh c th uoc trn kha o khp no xung quanh mng.
Hon na, n c th kh thun o xc }nh kh mt tn hu d u
bt u suy gm, do , cc nh eu hnh mng c th c nhng hnh ng phng nga
khc phc s c (tc thay buc sng aser, eu chnh mt b) hoac
tuyen ung gao thng xung quanh khu vc b} suy tho 9.
OPM eu cn thet qun phc tp truyen thng WDM dung uong cao
truyen t v chuyn h thng. V d ve cc chc nang yu cu
OPM bao gom km sot b khuech , xc }nh knh, v nh g chat uong tn hu-
cha. OPM c th uoc cha thnh ba p 10, nhu hnh. 7.3.
u tn, knh WDM p qun gm st n quan en vc xc }nh
cc ac m men quang cn thet cho gao thng vn t v qun knh-
cha o p WDM, chng hn nhu o th gan thc s hn dn cua knh,
mc cng suat v tn hu-to-nose rato quang (OSNR). Th ha tn hu, quang
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Hnh 7.3 Ba p gm st hu suat quang hoc: gm st gao thng, tn hu
gm st chat uong v gm st gao thc.
280
gm st chat uong n quan en mt buc sng duy nhat v thc hn qu trnh chuyn tn hu-
o nhy cm nhu s u thng k mt, O-yeu t, n tu
tn hu-to-nose rato (SNR), v ben dng xy ra trong mt do
phn tn v cc hu ng ph tuyen. Cu cng, gm st gao thc d u n quan en
thng tn hu suat gao thc, chng hn nhu BER.
Mt van e khc n quan en OPM xu s c thung mt thu nghm-
qu trnh v v ch ph c kh nang mo rng nhanh chng v s uong cc trang web
tham v thnh phn km tra. Xu s c s uoc ac bt kh khan neu
ng bo tr khng th c uoc thng tn chnh xc n quan en tuyen ung tn hu v
cau hnh knh. Thc te ny qun mt mng u rng n at mt n hon
ph bo hm trn thng tn hu suat chnh xc v t ng ve mt mng u.
Ngo ra, mt mn hnh c hu qu ph c kh nang pht hn cho mng
qun , tc xc }nh, chn on, phn g, v theo d cc
trong mt mng. Mt uoc gh nhn kh mt thnh phn hoac mn hnh bo ng
kch hot hoac kh mt bo co cua khch hng uoc np. Luu rng mn hnh ph c
nhy tuong uong hoac tt hon so v cc thet b} u cu nhn ket thc, no
nhy uoc xc }nh n quan en mt suy c th. V d, teng on
xy dng trn ton mng v bp mo dng sng sau s phn tn
bn o. S ket hop cua c ha teng on v s ben dng t mt v} tr nhat }nh s
xc }nh cc yu cu nhy cm t }a m .
7.3.4.2 Fber Network khem Gm st
N chung, khem quang hoc c th uoc phn o thnh thm hoa v khng
van e nghm trong. Van e nghm trong nhu phn bao gom
trc trac phn c nhn hay nheu, c at khng ng hoac confg-
thet b} ured, v tht h hoac xm nhp vo mng. Suy yeu do
nhu vy cng a dng nhu cc thnh phn v thet ke mng trn kha trong
nh vc. Ngo hot ng b} , c nheu hu ng n teng khc
m un un hn dn v ph uoc gm thu hoac km sot. v mt reconfgur-
mng c th, tat c cc hu ng cn uoc km sot t ng thng qua
thet ke mng. Nhng tc ng ph ben nhat v cc thng s o ung uoc
uoc ua ra trong danh sch sau y 10.
Khem truyen ng ch :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Teng on khuech khuech pht x t pht (ASE) teng on
Mo b khuech v qu n
Phn tn mu sc
Phn cc che phn tn
Hu ng phn cc
So ph tuyen gy ra ben dng v n chuyn qua
Th gan tter
281
8.
9.
10.
11.
Hu ng gao thoa
Bom bng aser chuyn tuong cung teng on
Ben dng quang-b oc
N chuyn qua.
7.3.4.3 K thut gm st co bn
Cc yu cu chung cua OPM bao gom trong dng (t chc), nhanh chng, nhy cm,
v ch ph tuong thap. Hu nang cao OPM nn uoc ph ben trn mt
mng cho php chn on ng, nhu vy m mn hnh nn c p
nguyn nhn c th v v} tr cua van e, khng ch on gn m thanh bo ng. N
Cn uu rng cc mng quang hoc tc d u cao kh nhy cm v
'''' Van e noncatastrophc, trong c u sc mnh tn hu quang hoc
nhung cc bt d u uoc phc ho uoc t do nheu tuyen tnh v ph tuyen
tc dng phn tn. Gm st y u c th uoc c th v mt khng g hn
ngn sch. Mac d tuong a cua cc mng quang hoc kh d on, g tr}
gm st tang n cng v tang tnh mnh bch. N c th uoc su dng nhn ra
phuong php m cua L gao thng. V d, cc quyet }nh }nh tuyen da trn
gm st hot ng mt kh nang. Bng cch gm st chat uong knh v
an nnh n ket v cp nht cc bng nhn n tuyen n tc, cng suat cao
v gao thng uu tn c th uoc t ng eu chnh hu suat cao quang chan-
Nes 11, do m bo rng cc knh d u t uoc BER chap nhn uoc v
ton b mng u t u truyen t v bo v cng suat.
N chung, OPM gm st-p vt v do yu cu
OPM ph thuc mnh m vo vc thet ke mng vt . OPM khc nhau param-
eters thung h mn hnh khc nhau. V vy OPM rat hn che bo
cng ngh quang hoc theo d c san. Cc p vt c th Meas-
thng s ung bao gom:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Cng suat trung bnh (m buc sng hoac tng hop)
nh cao quyen c
Xung / hnh dng bt
Bu o mt
T tuong cung / nh vc (bao gom c bc cao)
Ouang ph nang uong bn (ph RF)
Trng th phn cc
Ph quang hoc (buc sng)
Bu o bn (ong b v khng ong b)
O-factor/BER (o V-ung cong)
Phn cc che phn tn (DGD, bao gom c bc cao)
Phn tn mu sc
Ga on / ac m quang tu sn bay
282
N chung, k thut gm st c th tuong t hoac k thut s. K thut s cng ngh cao
nques su dng tc cao ogc xu thng tn k thut s uoc m ha trong quang hoc
dng sng. o trn cc tn hu k thut s uoc su dng suy ra cc ac m
cua tn hu quang hoc. Cc phuong php k thut s c m tuong quan mnh v
BER, nhung thung km hu qu hon cch y cc nh huong cua c nhn GIM KH-
ments. K thut tuong t o ung xu tn hu quang hoc nhu mt tuong t
dng sng v c gng o ung cc ac tnh c th cua dng sng ny.
Cc php o uoc thung gao thc c p v c th uoc cha
thm vo mt trong ha phuong php men th gan hoac cc phuong php quang ph. Men th gan
gm st bao gom o bu o mt v t ng hoac tuong quan cho
o. Phuong php quang ph ph uoc cha thnh ph quang hoc v
quang ph nang uong bn (ph RF) o. Ph quang
thun tn o su dng k thut quang hoc c nhy cao c th ung h
vde thng tn nhu quang hoc. Ouang ph n bn mt Meas-tt hon
ure chat uong tn hu v n o quang ph cua tn hu
v cc tu sn bay quang hoc. Teng on v bp mo ve sc mnh bn
ph thung s trc tep d}ch suy yeu trn cc tn hu.
7.3.4.3.1 n v buc sng Gm st
Sc mnh quang hoc v buc sng nhat }nh tham s quan trong nhat trong
bat ky mng cp. Cc thng s khc hoac gm st suy s ph thuc
kh o cng suat quang. V vy, gm st quyen c co bn
Yu cu v bat ky mng quang hoc. Chng t thc s c th phn o sc mnh v
theo d buc sng theo d knh quang hoc ngy cng tro nn
ph ben trong cc h thng WDM v c th thch ngh v tu chun ha. Fre-
thng s OPM xuyn e ngh} bao gom n quang, buc sng, v
khong buc sng / khong cch, v OSNR 10, 12. V d, mt quang m
mn hnh qu hot ng su dng cng ngh oc mng mng c quyen ket hop v mt
v-thet b} truyen ng v tc cao thet b} n tu 12. N uoc su dng o ung quan trong
thng tn ve tn hu truyen dn quang trong cc mng DWDM theo d
ng tn hu, xc }nh chc nang h thng, xc }nh hu suat
thay , v cung cap phn ho km sot cc yeu t mng
t uu ha hu suat hot ng. N cng c th t ng qut C-, L-,
v / hoac C Phm v L-band buc sng v o c chnh xc knh sng
cheu d, sc mnh, v OSNR v mt phm v hot ng 60 dB.
Hu het cc gm st PON e xuat thc s gm st quang
quyen c. Chng t s tho un ve mt v v d trong phn ny cung cap cho c g v
su hon PON n gm st k thut.
C mt s bo co gm st WDM-PON v v} tr 13-17,
60. N chung mt OTDR uoc su dng bn }a ho that b so. Tuy nhn,
thng thung OTDR khng thch hop su dng trong WDM-Pons do buc sng
283
thnh phn chon oc at t nt t xa. N uoc e xuat bn }a ho
nhng that b trong so WDM-Pons bng cch su dng mt OTDR buc sng du duong hay thc
mentng ung dn b sung t nt t xa (RN) b qua dn trn-ng dn sng
u (AWG). Mt phuong php thm mt AWG hot ng o 1550 nm en ng sao
couper cua PON trong nt t xa v tch PON ban u (eu hnh
t buc sng 1310 nm) v p phu thng qua 1310/1550-nm sptter, m m bo
chc nang bo tr 13. Lp phu trong RN c th uoc su dng cho cc
chc nang bo tr n }a ha cc khon v ph v chat xo trong cc c nhn
ung dn. Mt k thut gm st dng c nhn trong d}ch v chng mnh cho
WDM-PON c th b p cho cc knh tr ph thuc nht cua
dn trn-ng dn sng b }nh tuyen u (AWGR) nt t xa 14. Nhng phuong php ny
yu cu hoac mt OTDR t ten hoac mt cau hnh mng phc tp.
Gn y, mt cuc bu tnh cho thay pht hn v n }a ho cua chat xo
that b trong WDM-PON bng cch gm st trng th cua cc tn hu nguoc dng 15.
Hnh 7.4 cho thay cc thet p thu nghm uoc e xuat. Kh mt that b xy ra trong
so feeder, quyen hn quang hoc cua tat c cc knh thuong nguon gm. Trong
trung hop ny, b eu khn a chon ngu nhn mt trong nhng nguon nh sng h uu
v su dng n truyen xung OTDR thay v d u cho n }a ho cua chat xo
. Kh that b xy ra trong v so th cng mt c,
B eu khn xc }nh cc knh khng v sau phn tch cc }a m
that b so knh cua knh theo cc uu tn uoc xc }nh truc.
o ung cho thay phm v hot ng ch ph thuc vo cc
cng suat nh cua xung OTDR, v khng nhy cm v nhng ac m teng on cua
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Hnh 7.4 V d ve vc pht hn v n }a ha that b trong mt so WDM-ha cheu
PON 15.
284
cc nguon nh sng. Th gan cho ngu nhn o thuong nguon pht hn s that b
th gan chm tr tuyn truyen. Sau kh pht hn, on v} km sot ngay p tc trang m-
gered chuyn n ngan chan s truyen tn hu h uu v
gu cc xung OTDR. Uu m cua k thut ny that b trong so th
v cc so nhnh c th uoc at m khng cn su dng mt OTDR buc sng du duong.
K t kh k thut ny t su dng nguon nh sng pha h uu cua knh khng
truyen xung OTDR, n khng h nguon sng b sung cho
n }a ha that b so. Hon na, phuong php e xuat c th pht hn v
bn }a ho s that b so trong cc knh khng khng nh huong en hot ng cua
cc knh khc.
Mt WDM-PON da trn Fabry-Perot (FP) t aser buc sng b} kha
su dng khuech quang ph pht x t pht-t (ASE) tm c th
ch ph thap so v cc my pht WDM thng thung 16. Mt bo co gn y c
chng mnh mt phuong php gm st so n ket on gn cho ha cheu WDM-
PON bng cch su dng aser FP 17. Nhu hnh. 7.5, h thng bao gom mt rng
ban nhc su nhe pht quang dode pht quang (E-SLD) v mt phn x quang hoc nhu mt
yeu t phn ho t m ON. Chuong trnh su dng thuc tnh truyen theo chu ky
cua AWG v thm mt tn hu out-of-band ASE v phn x quang hoc.
M cng cua AWG h tro truyen v }nh tuyen cua ba khc nhau
tn hu buc sng (L-band thuong nguon: nm 1583-1609, C-band h uu:
1540-1565 nm, v E-ban nhc tn hu mn hnh n ket: nm 1423-1447). Nhu vy, ba
cc ban nhc khc nhau cua nh sng uoc ua ra vo so feeder. T m ON, mt quang
phn x phn cheu nh sng theo d E-band v truyen cc thng tn n c
tn hu. Cc phn x quang hoc bao gom mt b oc WDM v guong. Tnh trng n ket
cua m knh c th uoc theo d bng cch km tra mc cng suat phn nh cua
buc sng tuong ng. Tat c cc tn hu mn hnh phn nh uoc pht hn o v nuc
couper (n-tap) bng cch su dng mt b oc du duong hoac phn tch quang ph (OSA).
Neu mc cng suat o mt buc sng nhat }nh m gm sau mt th gan nhat }nh hoac du y
W"I
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tm FP-LD 17.
285
g hn pht hn, eu ny ch ra rng c th c mt s suy tho ten b hoac mt
t knh tuong ng. K thut ny cho php mt xc }nh
s khc bt ga mt so feeder v mt so phn ph m khng
nh huong en cc thu bao trong d}ch v. Hon na, e n e xuat c th cung cap
cc chc nang b sung cua gm st knh t ch, cho php n tc
gm st cua cc knh truyen thng ve chat uong v hu suat.
K t kh mt PON su dng sptter quang n hn hop nheu con ung gn nhu gng ht nhau
v nhau, phn tch OTDR kh c th sa m. phn bt s 32
ung dn quang hoc tro n, mt buc sng quang hoc refectometry men (OWDR)
phuong php gn y uoc e xuat 18. Y tuong nhng mt th ng vnh vn
thnh phn t m ONT. Thnh phn nhng uoc go buc sng
th m (WCT) c cc tnh nang sau y: (1) c buc sng c o
ac m c th uoc phn bt bo mt phn tch quang ph t xa, (2)
mnh bch cho ton b uu uong tn hu m cha s mng (3) buc sng
v quang hoc mat n }nh trong eu kn m trung nghm trong, v (4) ch ph thap
cau trc v qu trnh sn xuat bn mnh cho vc trn kha rng n FTTH. Hnh
7.6 m t so o mt FTTH OWDR nhng quang
mng t OLT en ONT. L mt v d mnh hoa cc chc nang cua n,
Ban nhc 1575-1600-nm uoc su dng nhu ban nhc chn on xo. M ngu dng cu uoc gn
mt m s buc sng c o thng qua mt th WDM hoac WCT bn trong OLT. Ngu ta c th
thm ch nhng WCTs b sung vo cc phn khc nhau cua mng mn m
mt nhng c mt m s buc sng duy nhat. thc hn cc cng vc OWDR, mt
ban nhc thet b} FWDM b sung, mt b oc mng mng on (TFF) da trn phn cch,
V7H%n8 tGSn h4Kn
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286
chn vo phc v nhu mt MX cho h uu ket hop cc ban nhc chn on
v cc ban nhc FTTH, v nhu mt DEMX cho tn hu nguoc dng. Ban nhc gm st
c th uoc cung cap t mt aser du duong hoac mt nguon nh sng bang thng rng da trn
SLED
bao gom cc buc sng t 1575 nm en 1600 nm. M WCT c th retrorefect mt
c o tn hu WDM hep trong bn gm st 1575-1600 nm.
Tat c cc buc sng khc cn ph vuot qua WCT ny v tn that n nang t thu. V vy, bat ky
so ct c th uoc pht hn t xa thng qua vc gu mt tn hu tham d trong kh phn tch
teng vong cua n uoc to ra t tat c cc WCTs. Bat ky WCT mat tch ch ra mt c g
xy ra m phn cua cc so. Sau thm mt OTDR c th xc }nh
v} tr chnh xc cua t gy so.
p ng nhng thch thc cua gm st t xa v chn on trong mt PON,
cng c gm st thung ph da trn refectometry c th gu mt tn hu
ra trong kh pht hn teng vong phn nh cua n, chng hn nhu mt OTDR hoac mt OWDR 61,
18.
Vc su dng mt OTDR / OWDR pht hn v }nh v} s gm st nheu
c g tr} trn so trc tep hon vo nhng t v ngu ta c th o ung, xc }nh, v
cu cng tuong quan cc van e nu ra bo cc h thng khc dnh rng cho o
chat uong tn hu nhu BER, O-yeu t, hoac cc thng s khc tnh v hon.
7.3.4.3.2 OSNR Gm st
Cng ngh ph ben cho cc knh gm st OSNR ph quang
phuong php phn tch uoc da trn phn tch quang ph quang hoc cua pht hn
tn hu 12. Thet b} buc sng du duong cho knh gm st OSNR bao gom chat xo
B oc FP, so Bragg u oc, khng gan t do v v co n
h thng (MEMS) quang hoc nhu x, v cc b oc mng mng n m. Mt s cng ngh
nques uoc pht trn m khng trc tep o quang ph quang hoc hoac
tp trung vo gm st buc sng 19-22. K thut eu che ga u cng c
uoc su dng nhu mt thay the ch ph thap o quang ph. Ve nguyn tc,
k thut o ung sc mnh tn hu cng c th uoc su dng c uoc quang-teng on
n, uoc ngo suy t mc cng suat tep gp v knh. Ny
phuong php hot ng tt neu teng on quang hoc c th trong thc te uoc ay t sc mnh
mc tep gp v knh. Tnh trng ny khng ng v nheu o quan trong
teng on cua quang hoc bao gom c hu ng gao thoa a ung, aser bom khuech
teng on cung tuong (RIN) teng on chuyn nhuong, v trn bn sng.
Gm st / o ung sc mnh teng on trong knh c nhn quang
bang thng, thch thc phn bt xu ga teng on v tn hu (xem
V. 7.7). V d, kh qua knh s khc nhau cua chat xo
b khuech trong mng ung d v ghp knh quang hoc thm / th (OADMs),
thm ch cc knh n cn, do , c th gap mt teng on khc nhau ng k
mc nhu th hn trong hnh 7.7 (a). Hon na, kh cc knh qua b oc hoac
MX / DEMX c che vng ph bn cnh nhng knh, rat
teng on thap c th uoc o out-of-band (ga cc knh) khng ph thuc vo
T&Fng n -hc nh%G tr=n cc -=nh ten h&RG 6>n cNn
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287
(I)
(H)
Hnh 7.7 (A) mc suy yeu teng on: teng on khc nhau trn cc knh tn hu n cn (b)'' Theu''
teng on ga cc knh: b oc quang hoc hoac MX / DEMX c th o b ra kh teng on ban nhc.
TGMFn tenh
ph>n cUc
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ten h&RG ph>n cUc
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TGMFn tenh
ph>n cUc
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i
ph>n cUc
I"E t&Fng n
h>n cUc
I"E t&Fng n
TGMFn tenh
ten h&RG ph>n cUc
i
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h>n cUc
&dG -h&An
Hnh 7.8 Nguyn tc hot ng cua k thut phn cc: teng on phn cc (tc mt nua s
tng s teng on) c th uoc o bng cch su dng knh phn cc tuyen tnh th ha, n ket uoc
trc gao v s phn cc cua tn hu 25.
mc OSNR ng, nhu th hn trong hnh 7.7 (b) 65. khc phc van e ny, mt
phuong php tep cn c th su dng s phn cc quang hoc 23, 24. Ve nguyn tc,
mt tn hu quang hoc s c mt s phn cc r rng, trong kh teng on quang hoc s
uoc unpoared, nhu th hn trong hnh. 7.8. Do , t phn cc tuyt chung
thuc o SNR quang. Trong k thut ny, cc tn hu nhn uoc (cng
v teng on) uoc cha thnh ha thnh phn phn cc trc gao trong mt
thnh phn bao gom cc tn hu v teng on phn cc, trong kh ngu ka phn cc
teng on ch (g }nh rng cc tn hu phn cc cao, v teng on com-
petey unpoared). Do , n c th o cc tn hu v teng on, quyen hn
ngay t buc sng cua tn hu k t kh quyen hn cua teng on o phn cc
trong cc thnh phn phn cc nn gng nhau (tc mt nua cua tng s teng on
288
n) 25. Vc thc hn cc k thut ny c th b} nh huong bo nheu
hu ng phn cc trong cc n ket truyen t. V d, n c th nghm trong
xau neu tn hu uoc khu cc cua PMD v ph tuyen khc x kp.
Tnh chnh xc cua k thut ny c th b} suy tho ng k neu cc tn hu
khu cc cua PMD v ung chet ph tuyen, v / hoac teng on ASE
mt phn phn cc do s phn cc ph thuc vo s mat mt.
Mt phuong php trong knh gm st OSNR su dng sc mnh bn
quang ph cua d u v gm st t cc }a m ph kh tn hu khng ph
hn nay. eu ny c th n quan en vc gm st o tn s thap, tn s cao, hoac
}a m v g tr} ac bt trong quang ph 26. Gm st subcarrer quang c
uoc su dng trc tep o OSNR v tuong quan g tr} o quang hoc
SNR n nhn thay ngu nhn 27. Phuong php ny c o the
gm st cc tn hu d u thc te bn thn kh n truyen doc theo con ung suy yeu.
Trong thc te, k thut gm st th m ga u da trn c th theo d nheu ngu khc
ch ph-hu qu cc thng s vt trong nh vc quang hoc. K thut ny typc-
ong mnh su dng mt ph cng ga u bn eu che nh dnh rng cho m WDM
knh, nhu th hn trong hnh. 7.9. V gong u o mt tn s thap nhat, th
d dng to ra v xu bng cch su dng thet b} n tu thng thung. Ouan trong hon,
k t kh ga u uoc thm vo trong bang thng tn hu, n s tr nghm cng
s gm st tn hu khng thng qua mng cp quang. Do , tn hu
gm st c th uoc ngo suy t cc o ung cua ga on, quyen c hay
SNR cua ga u RF thm. Ngo ra, RF ga u c th theo d quang hoc
cc thng s m khng su dng b oc g m knh t ten nhu du duong
b oc quang hoc v cch tu nhu x. Mt gm st ga u thung uoc su dng RF
phuong php phn cng m knh WDM mt ga u tn s RF khc nhau. Cc
cng suat trung bnh trong cc tng s t thun v nang uong quang hoc trung bnh
trong knh. Nhu vy, tn hu quang WDM tng hop trn dng c th uoc pht hn
v cc m cua tat c cc knh s xuat hn trong quang ph n RF trong nheu
cng mt cch m ho s xuat hn trong quang ph quang hoc 28-31. Hon na,
gm st cua nhc RF c th uoc su dng o s tch t cua
TKG s>n b%M
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Hnh 7.9 RF ga u th m thm vo bang thng knh nhu chat uong tn hu / suy tho
gm st.
289
phn tn mu v PMD trn mt tn hu k thut s 32-36. Cc k thut quang ph
c o the ho c th uoc thc hn v thet b} n tu hep.
Mac d tn s cao c th uoc su dng, bang thng hep s m gm
ch ph cua cc thet b} n tu. Hon na, neu bang thng pht hn c th
thu hep tt, sau s nhy cm c th uoc tang n. eu ng n
rng mt trong nhng nhuoc m chnh cua k thut ny bn -eu che
ga u v d u c th can thp v nhau v gy ra tc h. Do ,
bn cua cc ga u th m ph u n phn bt cc tn hu m thanh
t d u ngu nhn noseke, nhung u nh khng to ra mt ngha
suy tho trong nhy my thu cho d u.
Luu rng gm st OSNR mt bn php tuyt v cua b khuech quang hoc
hu suat v thung uoc su dng cho xu s c quang n gy ra
hay my khuech gy ra mng.
7.3.4.3.3 BER / O-Factor Gm st
BER o ung hu suat cu cng cua h thng truyen t, do n
tham s ua thch su dng cho qun . Trong thc te, eu ny chnh xc
tham s uoc su dng trong cc mng n tu. Tuy nhn, mt kh khan cho BER mn hnh-
ng trong cc mng quang hoc tn hu thung trong h thng.
Cho OPM t mt }a m khuech cc tn hu ch v khng uoc khuech t snh
do , teng on s qua v tep tc tch y. o
BER o mt v} tr s cho ket qu o ung . Kh tn hu
t en thet b} u cu ket thc, tuy nhn, do teng on tch y n khng ph v
s xung cap hu suat trn BER uoc quan st thay. pht hn cc
suy tho trong mng, mt g php su dng teng on t. Trong trung hop ny,
teng on uoc c thm vo tn hu mang BER cho mt o ung
mc v sau teng on thm do s suy yeu c th uoc pht hn.
Phuong php ph ben v nhy thap gm st BER su dng
Gm st O-yeu t 37, 38. O-yeu t thu uoc bng cch eu chnh cc quyet }nh
n p ngung cua ngu nhn theo d ra kh mc t uu
m uoc gh nhn. Hnh 7.10 (a) cho thay d u o n hnh trong
ogart cua BER so v ngung quyet }nh trong mch quyet }nh. Mt n
t uoc to ra, thay t c th uoc theo d v nh
s gm st tro thnh nhn thay uoc. Mt s k thut nhu vy uoc pht trn cho
o O-yeu t 39, 40. Luu rng cc yeu t co bn O- SNR.
N uoc }nh ngha s khc bt ga cc g tr} trung bnh cua cc dau (nhng) v
khng gan (s khng) cha cho tng cc ch chun cua teng on
phn ph xung quanh m. Hnh 7.10 (b) cho thay BER nhu mt chc nang cua
nhn uoc n quang 41. Neu O-yeu t uoc o bng cch su dng mt b tep nhn, sau n
chnh xc SNR n tu. Neu o bng cc phuong tn khc nhu quang
ay mu, sau n SNR quang trong bang tn.
290
2
100
c 8,5
Oc sGDt 6`&
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4
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10 2
10 4
10 6
10 8
10 1 0
10 1 2
5
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6
8
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0 . 4
0 . 2 0.00.(0.l
PDp bGMFt ]nh (s)
0
5
10
($H)
15
(0
(I)
(H)
Hnh 7.10 (A) d u o tu bu cho ogart cua BER so v quyet }nh
ngung 37, (b) BER nhu mt chc nang cua tep nhn quang SNR 41.
Do s tuong quan mnh m ga O-yeu t v BER, O-yeu t
o ung hu qu cao cho qun . O-yeu t nhy cm
en suy yeu tuong t nhu nh huong en thet b} u cu nhn ket thc v ph-
prate nhy cm. Mac d ch ph cua phuong php ny c th cao v nheu ngu
nhng cc ng dng mng theo d, mt on v} d ng c th mt g tr}
cng c trong cc xu s c, ac bt nhm mc tu cc ben chng hem gap
khng xc }nh bo mn hnh knh quang nhng (OCMs).
7.3.4.4 Km tra In-D}ch v K thut Su dng buc sng khc nhau
Thay v theo d tn hu n hoac trc tep chat uong, c khc
phuong php e ngh} km tra cc n ket so o cc buc sng khc. Do thc te
rng -band (d buc sng utraong, 1625-1675 nm) nh sng uoc
dnh cho gm st PON tu chun, ha cch tep cn e xuat sau y
su dng nh sng -band thc hn bo tr v thu nghm trong d}ch v.
Mt g php OCDM thu nghm v qun trong d}ch v uoc mnh hoa trong
V. 7.11 42. M chn mng uoc ket thc bng mt buc sng th ng tu chun
chon, su dng rng r trong Pons, c p cc tu chun theo d -bang t
cc bang d u khc o mat truc cua m ON v t CO tt. Cc
phn truyen cua thet b} gm st OCDM t CO bao gom
mt aser xung -band eu khn bo mt b xu truyen t 1 ns (hoac ngn hon) xung
v t tn s thap uoc xc }nh truc (v megahert hoac thap hon). M xung
291
!ee8er
PhGMAn E&
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cGMFt ]nh b4 ng
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Hnh 7.11 OCDM da trn h thng PON theo d m m chn mng uoc gn mt
m ha. Mt b g m du duong uoc m vc t CO 42.
tuyn truyen thng qua mng u cy uoc m ha bo cc b m ha v sau
phn x tro v CO M b m ha kh cham dt chn thc hn mt
m duy nhat. B ghp ket hop cc xung m ha thuong nguon v nhau nhu trong
OCDM tu chun. Trong CO, mt trnh t trc tep du duong (DS)-b g m, bao gom
cua mt cng tc quang hoc v mt ngn hng cua b g m c }nh, (tuong t nhu m ha nhung
g thu s chm tr trong th t nguoc ) phn bt xu phn ng en t s khc
ch nhnh ent cua mng u cy. Cc ch nhnh khe mnh trong mng ng gp-
tes mt nh t tuong. Mt cao m t tuong quan mat tch ch ra
chn mng tuong ng b} hng hoac trung by tn that n nang bat thung.
Mt phuong php khc cng su dng nh sng km tra t -band khc v
bang thng 43. Cc b oc uoc c at o pha truc cua ONTs ct t
ch c nh sng km tra, v o pha truc cua OTDR ct t thng tn n c
nh sng m khng cn suy tho trong cc dau vet OTDR. Trong thc te, -ban nhc trong d}ch v
trc tuyen
gm st mt cch hap dn cua vc duy tr ch ph mng so quang
hu qu. Hnh 7.12 m t cau hnh h thng cua dng so quang
h thng km tra bng cch su dng cua s km tra 1650-nm. H thng bao gom mt
thet b} u cu km sot, mt m-un thet b} km tra (TEM) c cha thet b} km tra
(TE) nhu mt OTDR, mt eu khn km tra (TC) on v} v mt khung v thet b} km tra
chon (FTES), chon oc so quang chon so uoc km tra, thu nghm truy cp
m-un cho g thu n km tra vo mt ung dy so quang, v cham dt
cp v mt b oc quang hoc. Cp cham dt v cc b oc uoc at o pha truc
cc thet b} cham dt (v d nhu ONT) trn co so ngu dng. B oc mt
u o FBG v buc sng trung tm cua 1650 nm v mt bang thng
+5nm. Cng ngh oc ny cho php theo d mt dng trong d}ch v bng cch su dng
cua s ban nhc thu nghm hep. Cc m-un truy cp thu nghm uoc c at cho -band.
V c nhu buc sng cua nh sng km tra 1650 nm trong -ban nhc,
h thng c th thc hn cc b km tra bo tr trn cc so trong d}ch v khng c suy tho
en chat uong truyen t v uoc p dng cho mt h thng thng tn n c rng
bao gom ton b ban nhc 1260-1600-nm.
292
s*n phmng trGng t>+
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Hnh 7.12 Cau hnh h thng cp quang ung thu nghm h thng su dng mt thu nghm 1650-nm
cua s 43.
7.3.4.5 nng cao k thut gm st (gm st phn tn)
Ngo n / buc sng, OSNR, v BER, c rat nheu khc
thng s cao cap-p vt cn thet uoc theo d tc cao
mng WDM cau hnh , bao gom c CD, PMD, phn cc ph thuc vo
mat mt, v nhu vy. Nhng hu ng ny s tro nn quan trong trong cc h thng v superPON
Pons tc cao the h tep theo cho cc nh vc d}ch v n hon.
H thng truyen t cao tc bt d b} h so quang-
hu ng trn, chng hn nhu a CD v PMD. Nhng suy yeu c th to ra ng k
tn hu ben dng v dn en tng BER, do , c p s tch t cua
nhng hu ng ny c th c g tr} cho qun mng v km sot. Trong ngy hm nay
mng u, so v cc thnh phn khc uoc phn tn precharactered cho CD
v PMD v cc n ket truyen t thet ke cha hoac chnh xc cho
nhng g tr} ny. L trong that b k c mng trong cc thnh phn phn tn, v
cc yeu t mng uoc c at khng ng cch nhng nguon tem nang cua phn tn n quan en
. Nhng van e ny thung uoc xu trong mng u tnh thng qua n
km tra trong qu trnh c at. Nhu tc bt tang v chuyn mch quang
su dng, nhan mnh hon uoc at trn gm st phn tn nhng.
Tang nhy cm v tc ng m trung thc y s pht trn cua
thet b} bo thung hot ng. Trong cc mng quang hoc cau hnh cc tn hu khc nhau
c th qua con ung khc nhau vo nhng th m khc nhau v, do , s phn tn mc tu
tro nn ph thuc th gan. Theo d cc phn tn trong mt thay t ng
m trung c th tro thnh kh khan m khng tn gm st nhng.
}nh tuyen buc sng c nhn h ph c buc sng thnh phn chon oc,
m thung phn tn. Vc su dng cc yeu t v phn tn khc
293
g thu mt b m cua che that b thnh phn c th uoc huong o t
gm st.
Su dng mt mn hnh phn tn cng v gm st teng on cung cap mt nh g cao
ket hop c hu qu cho c n }a v chn on (tc xc }nh
nguyn nhn gc r). Tht vy, n c th mong mun cho h thng qun gm thu
hoac bo thung nhng hu ng xung cap mt cch rng bt. Trong mt h thng m su dng OCM
v bo thung phn tn hot ng km sot truyen, OPM ny
ket hop c th uoc thc hn v t phn cng b sung. Th gan thc
mn hnh phn tn c th o uong ben dng c th uoc su dng
kch hot bo ng hoac thng tn phn ho b hot ng phn tn 32, 44. O y chng t
cung cap mt tng quan ve mt s k thut gm st tn ten uoc cua
quan tm.
7.3.4.5.1 Chromatc phn tn (CD) Gm st
Phn tn mu sc mt hu ng tt hu rng pht snh t
tnh chat tn s ph thuc cua chet suat trong mt so quang hoc, v
mt trong nhng khem khuyet chnh m hn che hu suat cua so quang
h thng. v h thng tc bt cao mnh m, eu quan trong phn tn uoc
bo thung trong dung sa chat ch. Mt s k thut uoc qu
strated theo d CD th gan thc cho php bo thung phn tn nang ng
v c th uoc p dng rng hon nhu k thut OPM. Mt phuong php pht hn
vc chuyn mt tn hu ga on eu che thnh tn hu bn eu che
do s phn tn sc 45. Phuong php th ha chn mt sng mang con (RF
ga u) o my pht. Phuong php sng mang con o s chm tr ket qu cua
cc sng mang con d tuong so v baseband v c th uoc su dng o
phn tn tch y v chnh xc tt v trung bnh m khng c ken thc
ve }ch su gao thng vn t tn hu 27, 29, 33, 46, 47. Ha phuong php ny on gn
v p dng cho cc h thng WDM, nhung cn sua my pht.
Da trn RF n m dn hu c phn tn gy ra, mt k thut khc thay the
trch xuat cc thnh phn tn s tc bt (ong ho) t d u hnh nh uoc pht hn
v gm st nang uong RF cua n 48, 49. K thut ny khng yu cu sua
cua my pht, nhung tc bt v eu che }nh dng ph thuc. Mac d
phuong php ny khng th c p CD, nhu k thut m pha khc, n nhy cm
mt ot cc hu ng ben dng bao gom PMD v xung tho ch ch tet,
thun o cho cc }a phuong c .
Mt k thut mnh m pht hn s chm tr nhm tuong ga
tho ha-bn (VSB) tn hu trn v du trong d u truyen 50: cc
d tho ha trn v du uoc thu uoc bng cch eu chnh mt b oc quang
t trung tm quang ph cua d u ha bn, nhu th hn trong
V. 7.13. K t kh ha d quang chem phm v buc sng khc nhau,
so CD gy ra mt s chm tr nhm tuong ga cc tn hu VSB trn v du.
294
1.5
P/^ng
T4Kn b
-=nh
Vnc
phE
l07Ybps
_h 8B 6&RG
s"H7V
1.0
0.5
0.0
W T E
P/^ng
0
50 100
Th^& g&%n (ps)
150

v
h>n tn
s"H7U
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0
v
Vnc
phE
50 100 150
Th^& g&%n (ps)
Hnh 7.13 So o kh nm cho theo d phn tn mu sc su dng quang tho ha-
bn (VSB) oc: cc bt phc ho t mt trong ha phn cua quang ph en ho
th m khc nhau ty thuc vo s phn tn sc 50.
Chm tr nhm ny c th uoc nh g thng qua phc ho ong ho v ga on nhy cm
pht hn. K thut ny khng yu cu ph sua t my pht, rat cao
nhy cm, khng b} nh huong bo PMD, so ph tuyen v pht chrp, v c th
uoc p dng cho cc tn hu WDM bng cch qut cc b oc quang hoc.
7.3.4.5.2 Phn cc-Mode-phn tn Gm st
PMD mt hn che trong h thng quang hoc truyen thng do mt trong ha PMD
cua nh my so, ac bt chat xo d sn cao-PMD, hoac trong dng compon-
ENT 44. PMD uoc da trn kh nm rng thnh phn quang ph tuong t
d u quang hoc cha tch vo ha trng th phn cc trc gao cua tc tu bang chnh
phn cc (PSP) trong mt chat xo v ha bn sao quang ph xung
so o tc ho khc nhau. Tc h PMD ngu nhn,
th gan khc nhau, ph thuc nht , v to t hon tang t bt. Hon-
qua, tc bc PMD ngha chm tr nhm khc bt (DGD)
sau mt phn b xc suat Maxwe, un un v mt s kh nang hu hn
b} cp mng.
Mt s k thut gm st uoc chng mnh cung cap
tn hu eu khn thch hop gm thu PMD. Mt s k thut uoc da
trn phn tch quang ph nhu nhc RF 34, 35, 51-53. Mt cho tn s quang hoc
thnh phn cha trn ha PSP trc gao v m bn sao d chuyn xung so
v mt tc khc nhau m dephases cc bn sao. Hu ng ny m gm
tuong ng v thnh phn quang ph trong quang ph nang uong RF pht hn qua
295
gao thoa trt tu. Mt k thut khc n quan en o ung ga on khc nhau-
bt ga ha thnh phn quang hoc tn s cho ha PSP trc gao
54. K thut ny h ph c s phn cc theo d o ngu nhn c th
tm PSP nn ga on c th uoc o. N cng uoc bet rng bat ky LghtWave
c th uoc dn bo mt s chong chat cua mt phn cc v unpoared compon-
ent. Mc phn cc (DOP) t phn tram thnh phn phn cc,
v PMD ph thuc. G tr} cua n o ga 0 en 100. Gm st cng ngh
nques da trn o DOP cua tn hu 55, 56 c o the
khng cn mch tc cao v khng nhy cm v nhng tc ng xung cap khc
57. Luu DOP rng xung ph thuc vo 52, nhu hnh. 7.14 (a).
Tuy nhn, k thut DOP da trn b} nhng nhuoc m sau:
(I) mt phm v gm st DGD nh cho ngn xung tro khng (R) tn hu, () mt
theu nhy cm cho ngu khng tro ve s khng (NR) tn hu, v () ho b} nh huong bo
bc cao PMD. Cao hon on at hng cua PMD gm DOP t a cua tn hu
ngu nhn du s hp nhat 58, nhu hnh. 7.14 (b). Nhng hn che ny c th
c kh nang uoc khc phc bng cch tp trung mt b oc quang hoc hep t mt trong ha
tn s quang hoc-trung tm hoac mt trong cc d bn cua tn hu 59.
tm tt phn ny, c rat nheu hu ng suy gm trong so u
cng trnh m c th nh huong en mn trnh dn h thng v c th cn ph uoc theo d.
Tuy nhn, n khng th theo d y u v ch ph hop v
ngn sch. Trong kh , ph thuc vo mng c th, n khng ph cn thet
gm st tat c cc thng s uoc e cp truc . V d, mt cua PON
tc truyen t n chung uoc g hn en 10 Gbps. Khong cch truyen dn
# Tb
# 0,5 Tb
# 0,k Tb
# 0,1 Tb
1
0.8
0.\
$W t& % 0,\1
$W
$W t& th&AG 0.(1
0.l
0.(
0
0
0.(
0.l
0.\
0.8
1
(I)
$Y$ T Tb (ps)
(H)
Hnh 7.14 Vc su dng cc mc phn cc (DOP) theo d nh huong cua PMD: (a)
o DOP nhu mt chc nang cua DGD tc th. Luu DOP rng xung-
ph thuc 52, v (b) DOP o cho mt tn hu 40-ggabt / gy v R n cua 6 ps v
Phn DGD 4 ps 58. Luu rng on at hng cao hon PMD gm DOP t a cua tn hu
o ngu nhn du s hp nhat.
296
thung du 50 km. T a CD v PMD khng uoc co nhu
tc ng hn che o mc t bt v khong cch, gm st cua CD v
PMD n chung khng cn thet trong Pons. Tuy nhn, eu ny c th khng ng cho
h thng PON tuong a v khong cch truyen dn n hon v tc bt cao hon, chng hn
nhu superPON v 100 Gbps Ethernet.
7.4 KET LAN
Nhng ten b trong trn kha PON t uoc tc ng knh ngc cua
tang truong trong v nam qua, v d ken s tang theo cap s nhn qua tep theo
v nam. cho php hot ng t ng mnh m v hu qu ch ph, PON
h thng c th s c th thng mnh theo d trng th vt cua
mng u cng nhu chat uong tuyn truyen cc tn hu d u, cch y GIM c th
cu go dc v xc }nh v} tr , v t ng chn on v sua cha mng. N
chc chn rng g tr} cua gm st tang n cng v tr thng mnh ngy cng tang.
Trong chuong ny, chng t uoc mt ot cc chu e ve km tra v chn on,
v gm st hot ng cua Pons. So v truyen thng quang hoc u
cc cng trnh, cc thng s chnh km tra v gm st PON s mat mt hoac
ngn sch nang uong. Tp trung vo 100-Gbps Ethernet ang pht trn v tc cao quang hoc
thnh phn v cng ngh truyen dn ang uoc khm ph. Vt khc
cc thng s p v gm st chat uong tn hu c th uoc p dng cho tuong a
Pons, do s c nheu thch thc nghn cu v do co h.
T gm st y u c th v mt ngn sch khng g hn, p dng
k thut v s cn bng ga bo hm gm st, nhy cm, v
ch ph un un thch thc n nhat.
LOI CM TA
Cc tc g xn cm on cc o v gp quan trong t ng Hunter
Boudreaux t L Lafayette, ng Vahdrea Arbab v eng-Yuan Yang t
Phng th nghm Truyen thng quang hoc SC.
THAM KHO
1
2
3
4
5
Fber Optc Hp h, Inc (FOA) webste: www.thefoa.org
Tu chun IT-T G.983 (B-PON) v G.984 (G-PON).
Tu chun IEEE 802.3 Ethernet (E-PON).
C san t http://exfo.com/en/support/WaveRevew/2004-une/WRartce1.asp
C san t http://documents.exfo.com/appnotes/anote110-ang.pdf
T u tham kho
297
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e n trong WDM-Pons v truyen VCSEL thuong nguon,'' trong Conf. Cp quang
Commun. (OFC), gay OThE3 nam 2007.
61 W. Chen, B. De Muder, . Vandewege, X.. Ou, . Bauwenck v B. Baekeandt,
'' Mt k thut m cho ch ph thap nhng gm st chat xo khng xm nhp cua P2MP quang
mng truy cp,'' trong Conf. Ouang Commun. (OFC), gay OThE4 nam 2007.
300
62 G.P. Agrawa, cp quang H thng Truyen thng, Wey, New York, nam 2002.
63 W.C. Tr'', ket n so quang, ch n v cng ngh tham ga'' trong quang n
Cng ngh v h thng truyen thng Lghtwave, C. Ln, ed., Van Nostrand Renhod,
1989.
64 F. Forgher, R.W. Tkach, v A.R. Chrapyvy'' ph tuyen so v tc ng cua
h thng truyen t,'' quang Vn thng III, Ivan P. Kamnow v
Thomas, L. Koch, bn tp vn, Academc Press, 1997.
65 O. Shatn, G. Shabtay, v . aevsky, sng'' tuong a trong mng u gm st quang hoc,''
Web Lghtwave, thng 6 nam 2003.
Ph c I
G-PON PMD ac m
Phn ny t to cc yu cu gao dn quang ggabt tc trong IT-
Tu chun G.984.2 T. Cc m tham cheu trong bn v ken trc sau y
uoc su dng trong cc ch tet k thut.
_ T "
" T _
W)U1
Wr8, WrG
W$)
_ T "
Y.98l.(!01
WVT
DG n&
Wr8, WrG
_ JK "
Wr8, WrG, P, W6G
&A+ th%+ ch&FG
Y&%4 8&Rn bG%ng
L& 8&Rn ch4 +t h4pc nh&dG s9&
L& 8&Rn ba4 JR s9& t~M chnn
P, W6G
Hnh A1.1 Cau hnh vt chung cua h thng phn ph quang (sao chp
t hnh 5/G.983.1, v s cho php o t IT).
ac PMD thuong nguon t 2.488,32 Mbps vn cn ang uoc nghn cu v
chua uoc hon thnh.
301
302
Bng A1.1
Ph c I
Trung bnh G.984.2-vt cc thng s p ph thuc cua ODN
(Sao chp t Bng 2a/G.984.2, v s cho php o t IT)
Mat hng
Fbre o (Luu 1)
Phm v suy gm (IT-T G.982 Rec.)
on v
-
dB
Thng s k thut
IT-T Rec. G.652
Cass A: 5-20
Lp B: 10-25
Lo C: 15-30
15
1
60 (Luu 2)
20
20 (10 ty chon)
B} hn che bo s mat mt con ung PON v th ng
sptter (16 -, 32 -, hoac 64-cch phn cha)
1 so WDM hoac 2 so
uoc xc }nh
Khc bt ga suy hao ung truyen quang hoc
T a hnh pht quang
Tm hop t a
Khc bt t a tm hop
Khong cch t a ga chat xo
S / R v R / S m
T thu h tro t cha
Truyen ha cheu
Bo tr buc sng
dB
dB
km
km
km
-
-
nm
Ch thch 1- v tm v mo rng trong tuong a (> 20 km), vc su dng cc o khc nhau cua chat xo nghn cu thm, v
mt
PMD ac m k thut trong tuong a.
Ch thch 2-y khong cch t a bo cc p cao hon cua h thng (MAC, TC, Rangng) qun , trong
quan m cua mt ac m k thut PMD tuong a.
Ph c I
Bng A1.2
Cc thng s gao dn G.984.2-quang 1244 Mbt / s hung h uu
(Sao chp t Bng 2b/G.984.2, v s cho php o t IT)
Mat hng
on v
So on
So kp
OLT pht (gao dn quang Od)
Tc bt danh ngha
Buc sng hot ng
Dng m
Mat n cua so o mt pht
Phn x t a cua thet b}, o t
pht sng
ORL t thu cua ODN t Ou v Od (Gh ch 1 v 2)
ODN p
n c ngha phng MIN
n c ngha phng MAX
Ra mt n quang m khng cn u vo cho my pht
T tuyt chung
Khoan dung v sc mnh nh sng t pht
Neu MLM aser t a cheu rng RMS
Neu SLM aser t a A20 cheu rng dB (Luu 3)
Neu t che n p SLM bn aser t thu
Mbt / s
nm
-
-
dB
dB
dBm
dBm
dBm
dB
dB
nm
nm
dB
1,244.16
1,480-1,500
Tranh gnh NR
Hnh 2
NA
Hon 32
ABC
415
1#9
NA
Hon 10
Hon A15
NA
1
30
1,244.16
1,260-1,360
Tranh gnh NR
Hnh 2
NA
Hon 32
ABC
415
1#9
NA
Hon 10
Hon A15
NA
1
30
Tep tc
303
304
Bng A1.2
Cc thng s gao dn G.984.2-quang 1244 Mbt / s hung h uu
(Sao chp t Bng 2b/G.984.2, v s cho php o t IT)-Tep theo
Mat hng
on v
So on
So kp
Thu ON (gao dn quang Ord)
Phn x t a cua thet b}, o t my thu
buc sng
T bt
ODN p
nhy t thu
Tnh trng qu t t thu
Khoan dung tter
Khoan dung v sc mnh quang hoc phn nh
dB
-
dBm
dBm
bt
-
dB
t hon A20
t hon 10A10
AB
2525
44
Hon 72
Hnh 5
t hon 10
t hon A20
t hon 10A10
AB
2525
44
Hon 72
Hnh 5
t hon 10
C
A2#
A4 (Luu 4)
C
A25
A4
Ch thch 1-G tr} t thu'' ORL cua ODN t m Oru v Ord v Ou v Od'' nn uoc nheu hon 20 dB trong trung hop ty chon uoc m t trong
I/G.983.1 ph c.
Ch thch 2-Cc g tr} trn truyen ON phn x v trung hop trong g tr} cua'' t thu ORL cua ODN t m Oru v Ord v Ou v Od'' 20 dB
uoc m t trong Ph c II/G.983.1.
LU Y 3-G tr} t a A202d1 cheu rng v t che n p bn t thu uoc e cp en trong IT-T Rec. G.957.
Ch 4-Trong kh ch c A#2d1m tnh trng qu t cn thet h tro cc p C ODN, mt A42d1m g tr} tnh trng qu t uoc chon vo y au n thu thng nhat trn tat c cc
Lp ODN.
Ph c I
Ph c I
Bng A1.3
Cc thng s gao dn G.984.2-quang cua 2488 Mbt / s hung h uu
(Sao chp t Bng 2c/G.984.2, v s cho php o t IT)
Mat hng
on v
So on
So kp
OLT pht (gao dn quang Od)
Tc bt danh ngha
Buc sng hot ng
Dng m
Phn x t a cua thet b}, o t
pht sng
ORL t thu cua ODN t Ou v Od
(Gh ch 1 v 2)
ODN p
n c ngha phng MIN
n c ngha phng MAX
T tuyt chung
Khoan dung v sc mnh nh sng t pht
Neu MLM aser t a cheu rng RMS
Neu SLM aser t a A202d1 cheu rng (Luu 3)
Mbt / s
nm
-
-
dB
dB
2,488.32
1,480-1,500
Tranh gnh NR
Hnh 2
NA
Hon 32
ABC
053 (Luu 4)
497 (Luu 4)
NA
Hon 10
Hon A15
NA
1
30
2,488.32
1,260-1,360
Tranh gnh NR
Hnh 2
NA
Hon 32
AB
0T"5
49
NA
Hon 10
Hon A15
NA
1
30
C
T"3 (Luu 4)
7 (Luu 4)
dBm
dBm
dBm
dB
dB
nm
nm
dB
Tep tc
305
306
Bng A1.3
Cc thng s gao dn G.984.2-quang cua 2488 Mbt / s hung h uu
(Sao chp t Bng 2c/G.984.2, v s cho php o t IT)-Tep theo
Mat hng
on v
So on
So kp
Thu ON (gao dn quang Ord)
buc sng
T bt
ODN p
nhy t thu
Tnh trng qu t t thu
Khoan dung tter
dB
-
dBm
dBm
bt
-
dB
t hon A20
t hon 10A10
AB
2121
11
Hon 72
Hnh 5
t hon 10
t hon A20
t hon 10A10
AB
2121
11
Hon 72
Hnh 5
t hon 10
C
A28 (Luu 4)
A8 (Luu 4)
C
A28 (Luu 4)
A8 (Luu 4)
Ch thch 1-G tr} t thu'' ORL cua ODN t m Oru v Ord v Ou v Od'' nn uoc nheu hon 20 dB trong trung hop ty chon, uoc m t trong
I/G.983.1 ph c.
Ch thch 2-G tr} ve pht ON phn x, v trung hop m g tr} cua'' t thu ORL cua ODN t m Oru v Ord v Ou v Od'' 20 dB,
Ch 4-Nhng g tr} g }nh vc su dng mt ta aser nang uong cao DFB cho my pht OLT v cua mt my thu APD da trn cho cc ON. Tham ga pht trn trong tuong a cua
Cng ngh SOA vo t khon, thc hn mt thay the trong tuong a c th su dng aser DFB SOA, hoac mt dode aser cng suat cao hon, cho my pht OLT, cho php mt m PIN
da nhn cho au n. Cc g tr} g }nh sau s (c eu kn quy }nh mt an ton v thc hnh):
C ngha phng n MAX OLT pht: 12 dBm
C ngha phng n MIN OLT pht: 8 dBm
nhy t thu ON nhn: A23 dBm
Tnh trng qu t t thu ON nhn: A3 dBm
Ph c I
Ph c I
Bng A1.4
Cc thng s gao dn G.984.2-quang 1244 Mbt / s hung thuong nguon
(Sao chp t Bng 2f-1/G.984.2, v s cho php o t IT)
Mat hng
on v
So on
So kp
au n truyen (gao dn quang Oru)
Tc bt danh ngha
Buc sng hot ng
Dng m
Phn x t a cua thet b}, o t my pht
buc sng
ORL t thu cua ODN t Oru v Ord (Gh ch 1 v 2)
ODN p
n c ngha phng MIN
n c ngha phng MAX
Tx t a (Luu 3) Cho php
T a Tx V hu ho (Luu 3)
T tuyt chung
Kh nang ch}u my pht n nh sng t
MLM aser t a cheu rng RMS
SLM aser t a A20 cheu rng dB (Luu 4)
Mbt / s
nm
-
-
dB
dB
dBm
dBm
dBm
bt
bt
dB
dB
nm
nm
1,244.16
1,260-1,360
Tranh gnh NR
Hnh 3
t hon A#
Hon 32
ABC
A3 (Luu 5)22
T"2 (Luu 5)37
t hon nhy pht A10
16
16
Hon 10
Hon A15
(Luu 5)
1
1,244.16
1,260-1,360
Tranh gnh NR
Hnh 3
t hon A#
Hon 32
ABC
A3 (Luu 5)22
T"2 (Luu 5)37
t hon nhy pht A10
16
16
Hon 10
Hon A15
(Luu 5)
1
Tep tc
307
Bng A1.4
308
Cc thng s gao dn G.984.2-quang 1244 Mbt / s hung thuong nguon
(Sao chp t Bng 2f-1/G.984.2, v s cho php o t IT)-Tep theo
Mat hng
Chuyn gao tter
The h tter t 4,0 kH en 10,0 MH
on v
dB
-
Gao dn ngu dng p-p
30
Hnh 4
0.33
So on
30
Hnh 4
0.33
Thu OLT (gao dn quang Ou)
buc sng
T bt
ODN Lp
nhy t thu
Tnh trng qu t t thu
Khoan dung tter
dB
-
dBm
dBm
Bt
-
dB
t hon A20
t hon 10A10
Mt
A24 (Luu 6)
A3 (Luu 6)
Hon 72
NA
t hon 10
t hon A20
t hon 10A10
Mt
A24 (Luu 6)
A3 (Luu 6)
Hon 72
NA
t hon 10
So kp
B
A28
A7
C
A29
A8
B
A28
A7
C
A29
A8
Ch thch 1-G tr} cua'' ORL t thu cua ODN t m Oru v Ord v Ou v Od'' nn uoc nheu hon 20 dB trong trung hop ty chon uoc m t trong Ph c I /
G.983.1.
Ch thch 2-Cc g tr} cua my pht au n phn x v trung hop g tr} cua'' t thu ORL cua ODN t m Oru v Ord v Ou v Od'' 20 dB
Ch 3-Theo quy }nh t 8.2.6.3.1.
Ch 5-Trong kh cc o ta aser MLM khng uoc p dng h tro khong cch so ODN y u cc Bng 2a, aser nhu vy c th uoc su dng neu cc so khong cch t a ODN
ga R / S v S / R uoc g hn en 10 km. Cc o ta aser MLM cua Bng 2e c th uoc su dng h tro khong cch so hn che ny t 1.244,16 Mbt / s. Nhng o ta aser
ph tun theo cc eu kn nhu nu trong thuyet 5 cua Bng 2e.
Ch 6 Nhng g tr} g }nh vc su dng mt b tep nhn PIN c tr so t cc OLT cho Cass A. Ty thuc vo s uong ONs ket n v OLT, mt s thay the
thc hn t mt quan m ch ph xem c th da trn mt my thu APD-tr so t OLT, cho php n su dng ta aser knh te hon v thap hon so cng
pht ra n t ONs. Trong trung hop ny, cc g tr} cho o A s :
C ngha phng n MIN au n truyen: A7 dBm
C ngha phng n MAX au n truyen: A2 dBm
nhy t thu OLT nhn: A28 dBm
Tnh trng qu t t thu OLT nhn: A7 dBm
Ph c I
Ph c I
Bng A1.5
Cc thng s gao dn G.984.2-quang 1244 Mbt / s hung thuong nguon su dng co che quyen c san ap mat bng t
ON Transmtter (sao chp t Bng 2f-2/G.984.2, v s cho php o t IT)
Mat hng
on v
So on
au n truyen (gao dn quang Oru)
ODN Lp
C ngha phng
n MIN
C ngha phng
n MAX
ODN p
T thu
nhy cm
T thu
tnh trng qu t
dBm
dBm
Mt
A2 (Luu 2)
T"3 (Luu 2)
B
A2
T"3
C
T"2
7
Mt
A2 (Luu 2)
T"3 (Luu 2)
B
A2
T"3
C
T"2
7
So kp
Thu OLT (gao dn quang Ou)
dBm
dBm
Mt
A23 (Luu 2)
A8 (Luu 2)
B
A28
A13
C
29
14
Mt
A23 (Luu 2)
A8 (Luu 2)
B
A28
A13
C
A29
A14
Ch thch 1-Bng ny ch cho thay cc thng s cua Bng 2f-1 m thay do vc p dng cc co che quyen c san ap mat bng t au n my pht,
c th cc cung quc ua ra cua my pht au n v s nhy cm v qu t cua ngu nhn OLT. Tat c cc thng s khc v thuyet mnh ny gng v nhng ngu trong
Bng 2f-1.
Ch thch 2-Nhng g tr} g }nh vc su dng mt b tep nhn PIN c tr so t cc OLT cho Cass A. Ty thuc vo s uong ONs ket n v OLT, mt s thay the
thc hn t mt quan m ch ph xem c th da trn mt my thu APD-tr so t OLT, cho php n su dng ta aser knh te hon v thap hon so cng pht ra
n t ONs. Trong trung hop ny, cc g tr} cho o A s :
C ngha phng n MIN au n truyen: A7 dBm
C ngha phng n MAX au n truyen: A2 dBm
nhy t thu OLT nhn: A28 dBm
Tnh trng qu t t thu OLT nhn: A10 dBm
Tc ng cua nang uong san ap mat bng t hon, do hn che ve nang uong t thu uoc pht ra bo m mt-so o.
309
Trang ny c trng
Ph c II
Cc }nh dng MPCPD EPON
Phn ny t k cc on v} d u gao thc EPON a MAC theo quy }nh t
Tu chun IEEE 802.3ah, khon 64.
A2.1 Cng Khung
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jh+ ph (0 bunh th/^ng, 1 -h+ ph)
H4 c4 6Uc 6/9ng Yr%nt 1
H4 c4 6Uc 6/9ng Yr%nt (
H4 c4 6Uc 6/9ng Yr%nt k
H4 c4 6Uc 6/9ng Yr%nt l
( Th^& 6/9ng T V4L& (0
$DG th^& g&%n
PDp 1 th^& g&%n b5t SG
PDp 1 ch&dG 8K&
PDp ( th^& g&%n b5t SG
PDp ( 8K&
PDp k th^& g&%n b5t SG
PDp k ch&dG 8K&
PDp l th^& g&%n b5t SG
PDp l ch&dG 8K&
ng b th^& g&%n
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jh& +t ch[t cDp b4 c4 6Uc 6/9ng 6K 0, -h.ng c; hKnh ng 6K
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c0 h& ch{ tr4ng Yr%nt ;.
Ph{ 3GDt h&Rn ch4 cEng pht h&Rn A ch{ r%
th^& g&%n ng b h;% c% +M thG WVT.
Hnh A2.1 }nh dng khung cua.
311
312
Ph c II
A2.2 Bo co Khung
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9& 1
9& (
9& k
ZKng 9& l
ZKng 9& 5
ZKng 9& \
ZKng 9& w
( Th^& 6/9ng T V4L& (0
$DG th^& g&%n
1 s b hKng 9&
H4 c4 b&t+%p
ZKng 9& 0 b4 c4
ZKng 9& 1 b4 c4
ZKng 9& ( b4 c4
ZKng 9& k b4 c4
ZKng 9& l b4 c4
ZKng 9& 5 b4 c4
ZKng 9& \ b4 c4
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Mt g& tr] 0 hKng 9& c^ b&t ch{ c; b4 c4
6K +;n bGK ch4 hKng 9& ;. Mt g& tr] 1 ch{ r%
b4 c4 hKng 9& tn tL&.
Vpp & 6pp 6L&
Th^& g&%n nh/ /9c ch{ r% bC&
Hnh A2.2 }nh dng bo co khung.
A2.3 ang k Yu cu Khung
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k
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cc -h4an tK& tr9 t/0ng 6%& DG n& /9c cDG hunh A R+.
Y& tr]
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Vt8
Hunh 6GNn
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Pc DG n& /9c M=G cSG +t cch rQ rKng A *ng -| 6L&.
Hf bG% t&Fp nhNn
=G cSG 34 *ng -| cc W)U. )h/ +t
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Hf bG% t&Fp nhNn
( Th^& 6/9ng T V4L& (0
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Hnh A2.3 ang k }nh dng khung yu cu.
Ph c II
313
A2.4 ang k Khung
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Vt8
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Hf bG% t&Fp nhNn
Pc DG n& /9c M=G cSG +t cch rQ rKng A *ng -| 6L&.
=G cSG A g&a& ph;ng cEng JK
ph;ng VVX$
s&Rc *ng -| M=G cSG thKnh c.ng
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b] t} ch& bC& cc thUc thA 6:p c%4 h0n.
Hf bG% t&Fp nhNn
( Th^& 6/9ng T V4L& (0
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PEng g&%4 (VVX$)
P^
ng b th^& g&%n
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1 6pp 6L& cc -h4an tK& tr9 %ng ch^ g&a& bGMFt
Pang g&%4 L& 8&Rn ch4 VVX$ g&%4 ch4 DG n&
MIP *ng -| s%G.
Hnh A2.4 ang k }nh dng khung hnh.
A2.5 ang k Xc Nhn Khung
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cG trunh *ng -| 6K
th}% nhNn thKnh c.ng.
Hf bG% t&Fp nhNn
( Th^& 6/9ng T V4L& (0
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P^
PEng g&%4 6pp 6L&
Vpp 6L& ng b th^& g&%n
0 %88&ng T Vt8
!P"
Hnh A2.5 ang k }nh dng khung hnh xc nhn.
A2.6 tham kho
IEEE 802.3 2005, khon 64.
Trang ny c trng
Ch s
2P1 thet b}. Xem Ha-Pons-trong-mt thet b}
: +
Cc nt truy cp (AN), 245
Chuyn mch m-quang, 261
Tat c cc-poymer AWG
vt u ng dn sng poymer, 103
TE / TM phn cc thay v
nht ph thuc vo
ph truyen, 104
Pht x t pht uoc khuech (ASE),
74, 284
Bn ban nhc ph eu che tho ha
(AM-VSB), 3
Anaog CATV Lp phu tc ng
Suy tho BER, 205
CNR suy tho, 206-207
H thng phn ph truyen hnh anaog, 36
Truyen tn s bng gong n tuong t, 2
Gc n tep xc co th, 89, 112
APDs. Xem Photododes trn tuyet o
Ong dn sng dn trn u b }nh tuyen
(AWGR), 72-73, 283
Ong dn sng dn trn gh ta, nht
v s phn cc v cm
bo thung d chuyn my mc
tam cho 104
vt u poymer v overcaddng, 103
Mng ng dn sng u (AWG), 246
atherma, 99
nhu xuyn m cua, 93-94
theo chu ky, 94
chc nang kp, 96-99
vng freepropagatng hoac tam, 93
u vo v u ra cng, 95-96
hot ng th ng, 88
mat tuyn truyen, 93
so o b tr cua 1AN, 93-94
so o b tr cua Nan, 94-95
nhu buc sng router v demutpexer,
93
Tuyn truyen tn hu WDM, 93-94
DSL khng xng (ADSL), 3
Che chuyn khng ong b (ATM), 8
ATC phuong php. Xem Ngung t ng
phuong php km sot
Atherma ng dn sng dn trn u
da vo vc bo thung tam, 104-106
da trn h s nht m
vt u, 103-104
da trn thanh nht bo thung,
106-107
tam v nht ung km
cang thng ph thuc, 107-108
khong cch ga cc knh, 99, 108
mat nhu x v scone nha y
ho, 101-103
tht h v mc chn nhu xuyn m,
103-104
tn that chn v rnh tam gc,
99-100
bo thung d chuyn my mc
tam trong, 104
phn cc ph thuc vo buc sng thay
gm thu, 103
vt u poymer v ng dn sng
cau trc, 103-104
overcaddng poymer cua 103
so o, 100
ho nha cha y scon trong khu vc sn,
102-103
nht v s phn cc
v cm, 103-104
truyen ph thuc nht
quang ph, 99, 104
TE / TM phn cc thay , 104-105
315
316
Atherma AWG da vo vc bo thung
a
chn mat mt, 106
quang ph cua 105
Atherma AWG da trn nht
thanh bo thung
mc nhu xuyn m v mat mt, 106
nht ph thuc vo s thay buc sng,
107
Lp thch ng ATM (AAL), 40
Mng quang th ng ATM (APON),
37
km sot v qun , 40-41
d}ch v, 40
M t h thng, 37-40
Mng quang th ng ATM (APON) /
G-PON
phn g va chm trong, 42
bo v chuyn , 54
eu khn t ng (AGC) k thut,
218
te bo AGC cau hnh preampfer,
184-185
km sot uoc xuyn tro khng, 184
Chuyn mch bo v t ng (APS), 247
Phuong php km sot ngung t ng,
183-184
Photododes trn tuyet o
Cau trc TO-CAN cua 165
V-ung cong cua t, 164
St o nh t (APD), 44
1
Phn b bang thng
phn b bang thng nang ng
IPACT v cc ben th cua n, 228-231
tng quan ve, 221-222
yu cu cua, 224-226
d}ch v ch, 222-224
nguyn tc co bn eu khn gao thng, 226-228
khc nhau,
EPON, gao thc, 220-221
G-PON, gao thc, 218-220
thu tc, 216-218
Mc ch cua, 215-216
Ch s
N SC un cong v trong nh
c at, 110-111
n cong nhy cm duy nhat so quang che
ac m mat un cong cua 113
cho trong nh p at cp quang, 112
Gm st BER / O-yeu t, 289-290
Ha cheu dng chuyn mch vng (BLSR),
253
Mat quang hoc ha cheu, 273
Subassemby quang hoc ha cheu
cng ngh p rp s uong n-quang
quang hoc v n n chuyn qua
n p, 168
so o h thng quang hoc cua 167
TO-CAN che to, 168
mch sng nh sng phng
nhng oc, 171
bn ngo b oc, 170-171
T bt (BER), 30, 59, 268
BM Tx. Xem Bt che my pht
BOSA. Xem Ha cheu quang
subassemby
BPON
thng s k thut th gan bt che cho,
158
co che quyen c san ap mat bng (PLM), 159
t phn cha ngn sch v nang uong cho,
154-155
tu chun, 155-156
cc tu chun, yu cu p vt
cua, 155-156
Mng truy cp bang thng rng
modem cp, 3-6
ung dy thu bao k thut s (DSL), 2-3
Ethernet, 8-11
h thng truy cp so, 7-8
}ch su, 1
Tn hu d u tuong tc bang thng rng, 243
Nguon quang bang thng rng v au n,
129-130
Pht sng th ua, m-m
hot ng, 74
Bt che BER v pht nhy cm,
o ung, 197, 199-201
Gao thc burst-mode, 56
Ch s
Bt che thu
Mch AC-couped, 185-186
Trn kha DC-couped
K thut eu khn t ng t uoc,
184-185
phuong php km sot ngung t ng,
183-184
cau hnh thng tn phn ho
u vo / u ra xuyn
b khuech tro khng, 181-182
vng phn ho, 182-183
thc hn feed-forward
DC-couped pre-amp, 181
ong b ha, 64
Truyen burst-mode, 33
Bt che my pht
Mch APC, 178-179
km sot quyen c t ng (APC)
thut ton, 176-177
Dode aser v aser dode IC eu khn
(LDD), 175-176
hu suat quang hoc v th gan,
179-180
Trn khng v (BOH), 218
C
Modem cp, 3-6
H thng cham dt modem cp
(CMTS), 5
Ch ph u tu (CAPEX), 35
Carrer Sense Mutpe Access v
Pht hn va chm (CSMA / CD),
9-10, 215-216
T vn chuyn-to-nose (CNR), 25, 35
C-band tuong t tn hu CATV che phu,
35-36
Tp trung supercontnuum bang thng rng
nguon nh sng, 130
Van phng trung tm (CO), 19-20, 243, 267, 275
Phn tn sc (CD), 23-24, 268,
293-294
Buc sng th phn cha a
(CWDM), 75, 250
Th WDM couper
chn mat mt, 98
317
vuot qua ban nhc, 97
tn hu tch bt v, 97-98
Phn cha m a truy nhp (CDMA),
215
ONs khng mu
da trn k thut quang ph-ct
nguon quang bang thng rng, v 129
truyen tc bt, c hu c trn, 130
quang tm kha v
buc sng ht gng s
t tm kha FP-LDS, 135-136
t geo SOA phn cheu, 137
D}ch v truyen hnh ang-ten cng ong (CATV),
1, 3, 5
eu che cho pha (XPM) ch s, 271
CWDM couper. Xem Th WDM
couper
Km tra du tha theo chu ky (CRC), 60
D
D u qua gao dn d}ch v cp
ac m k thut (DOCSIS), 5
Laser DBR. Xem Phn ph Bragg
aser phn x
DDTC. Xem Chn on k thut s thu pht
eu khn
Thm ht round-robn (DRR) p ke hoch,
231
phn cc (DOP), 295
DFB aser. Xem Thng tn phn ho phn b
aser
Chm tr nhm khc bt (DGD), 270, 294
Chn on k thut s eu khn thu pht,
188
ung dy thu bao k thut s (DSL) d}ch v,
2-3
Tn hu m thanh k thut s, 2
eu che muttone r rc (DMT), 3
Thu khoan dung phn tn, 71
Phn ph aser phn x Bragg,
123-124
Thng tn phn ho phn b (DFB) aser, 28,
123-124
L-ung cong cua t, 164
TO-CO TH g cua 165
318
Ha chc nang AWG
Thet b} 2P1, 97-99
CWDM, 97
tn that chn v ph truyen qua
buc sng router, 97
b oc n m nheu p, 97-98
mnh hoa so o, 96
Phn b bang thng ng (DBA)
cc ng dng cua 6
thc hn, 62
IPACT v cc ben th cua n, 228-231
co che, 39
kh nang ghp knh v nhng
Chc nang OAM cho, 47
tng quan ve, 221-222
yu cu cua, 224-226
d}ch v ch, 222-224
nguyn tc co bn eu khn gao thng, 226-228
Bo co bang thng nang ng thuong nguon
(DBRu), 50
/
Sng n t, s suy gm cua 3
D}ch v Ethernet end-to-end tn trc tuyen,
10
EPON
co che m ha v bo v
cho, 67-68
au n, Autodscovery cua 64
Lp PMD, 56
m-m th ua trong 65
EPON MPCPD
Xem Km sot EPON a MAC
on v} d u gao thc
Gao thc eu khn a m EPON MAC
on v} d u
khung cua, 311
ang k khung tha nhn, 313
bo co khung v ang k yu cu khung,
312
Tu chun EPON, p vt
yu cu cua, 156-157
EPON thu pht
158
Ch s
a MAC d u gao thc eu khn
on v}
khung cua, 311
ang k khung tha nhn, 313
khung bo co v ang k yu cu
khung hnh, 312
Cc thng s cua PMD, 159-160
t phn cha ngn sch v sc mnh, 154-155
cua, 156-157
nh g h thng
n tc che v P2MP burst-
che BER, 202-203
hnh pht phn tn, 205
F-P Laser t, 204
Erbum-pha tp chat xo khuech (EDFA),
24, 70
Ethernet
ket n cc thet b} IP, 8-11
khung cua, 59-60
Gao dn MAC, 65
OAM p con, 68-69
Ethernet trong Frst Me (EFM), 8
?
Fabry-Perot (FP) t aser, 11, 26,
123-124, 284
FA ket n cm v phch cm. Xem Lnh vc
p rp n cm v
cm
Far Oueung, 226
C at FFTH. Xem Chat xo-to-the-home
c at
Ken trc so mng truy cp su, 14
So-n-the-oop (FITL) h thng, 7
Van e cua mng cp quang, gm st,
280-281
Lp at cp quang, 277
H thng thng tn cp quang, 22, 26
ac m chnh cua chat xo, 269
Chat xo-to-the-e ung (FTTC), 3, 20
Cp quang t cc nh h thng (FTTH), 7, 15,
20, 223, 285
Cp quang t cc nh c at, 113
Cp quang t cc ten e (FTTP), 8
Ch s
Chat xo-to-the-x h thng (FTTx), 7, 14-15, 19,
23
Lp rp n nh vc cm v cm
thnh phn cua, 109
thu nghm mat ket n v mat mt tro , 110
Phn b bang thng c }nh (FBA), 221
Sua (FEC), 53
Bn sng trn (FWM), 271
FP-LD. Xem Fabry-Perot dode aser
Khung v thet b} km tra chon (FTES),
291
Trnh t km tra khung (FCS), 60
Phm v quang ph mn ph
AWGs cua atherma, 132
t sn theo chu ky cua AWG, 94
Phm v quang ph mn ph (FSR), 73
Tn s b phn ghp (FDM)
tn s, 3
Phn x Fresne, 269
FSR. Xem Phm v quang ph mn ph
Truy cp y u d}ch v mng (FSAN), 7, 37
@
ong b khung GEM, 53
Thu tc khung chung (GFP), 8, 45
Ggabt c kh nang PON (G-PON), 8
Gao dn phuong tn truyen thng c p ggabt
(GMII), 55
GI-POF. Xem Phn o ch s poymer
so quang
G-PON v EPON, so snh ga,
69-70
G-PON Ken trc, 44
Che ng g G-PON (GEM), 8
G-PON thu pht
158-159
Cc thng s cua PMD, 159
cua ODN, 302
cc thng s gao dn quang cho
hung h uu, 303-306
cc thng s gao dn quang cho
hung thuong nguon, 307-309
co che quyen c san ap mat bng (PLM), 159,
199
319
t phn cha ngn sch v nang uong cho,
154-155
cua, 157
nh g h thng
bt cheu d v bo v th gan, 197, 199
bt che hnh pht, 197, 199-200
thng s hot ng cho thuong nguon
n ket, 201-202
G-PON h t truyen dn (GTC)
p
GEM ng g, 52-53
GTC khung h uu, 47
GTC khung, 47
GTC khung thuong nguon, 48
Cp quang ch s phn o poymer
un mat v ch s khc x cua,
119-120
v mng ga nh, 119
"
Km sot tu e (HEC), 53
La so cp ong trc (HFC) mng, 3, 273
La WDM / TDM-PON ken trc,
76-80
TAB
Chat xo trong nh
un cong nhy cm quang che on
chat xo, 112-114
dy cur quang hoc, 114-119
D}ch v tch hop mng k thut s (ISDN)
h thng, 2
Khong cch nterframe (IFG), 59
B pheu xen k v chu ky th gan thch ng
(IPACT), 228, 231
Internet Engneerng Task c (IETF), 10
Gao thc Internet (IP), g, 223
Intersymbo can thp, 28
IT-T yu cu ac m k thut G.984.2,
201-202
L
H thng truyen dn quang tuyen tnh, 4
Trc tep pht hn so (LFD), 276
320
Hop }nh danh n ket (LLID), 56
Thnh phn quang hoc thap mat mt, 30
:
Co so thng tn qun (MIB), 42
Cua s truyen t t a (MTW),
228
Phn b xc suat Maxwe, 294
Phuong tn truyen thng c p gao dn (MII), 55
Km sot truy cp trung bnh (MAC), 5, 31
Dn n Metro Ethernet (MEF), 10
MFD khng ph hop. Xem ung knh nh vc che
khng ph hop
Lnh vc che ung knh khng ph hop, 116-117
B oc n m nheu p, 97-98
a cheu doc-mode (MLM) aser, 44
So a (MMF), 22
Nheu nh kha thc d}ch v (MSO), 5
a m km sot d u gao thc
(MPCPD), 62-63
on v} d u gao thc eu khn a m
(MPCPD), 60
Gao thc eu khn a m (MPCP), 55 tu,
60-65
a-a (MP2MP)
dng xe but ong trc, 9
=
Gn ket thc n chuyn qua (NEXT), 26
H thng qun mng (NMS), 244
Hu suat mng, gm st,
278-279
Teng on cch chuyn c hu c, 5
Lung chet ph tuyen, 288
Truyen hnh quc ga Bc M
Uy ban h thng (NTSC)
tu chun, 3
C
ODN. Xem Phn ph quang
mng
D-VCSELs. Xem Ouang hoc
tm kha doc khoang
ta aser be mat pht
OLT. Xem Thet b} u cu ung quang
Ch s
Che OLT n thu, 44
Thu OLT, 163
Mt so on buc sng song cng,
26-27
Oun ONT v knh eu khn
(OMCC), 42
Oun v km sot gao dn ONT
(OMCI), 42
ON-nhng OTDR
tn x, 195
v n d u, 193
au n thu pht
thnh phn cua, 172
chc nang nhng OTDR
buc p ng tu cc (NSR)
phuong php tep cn, 193-195
couper quang v dode aser, 195-196
chc nang gm st cua so,
192-193
Che PLM, 200-201
m-un trpexer thu pht cho, 172-173
au n my pht, 163
Mo h thng ket n (OSI), 54
Hot ng, qun , v
qun (OAM) p con, 10
Ouang tn ch a th (OADM),
245
Dy cur quang
un mat mt v un bn knh,
115-116
Lp at FTTH, 114
thet b} u cu my tnh xch tay v cm quang hoc,
ket n ga, 115
MFD khng ph hop, 116-117
Mng u phn ph quang, 159
Mng u phn ph quang (ODN), 38
Ln ket so quang hoc, 276
So quang
ch s khc x cua 270
so a (MMF), 22
so on che tu chun (SMF), 22
Thet b} u cu ung quang hoc, 152
Thet b} u cu ung quang (OLT), 6-7, 20, 215,
243, 268, 275
Mat quang km tra thet p (OLTS), 275
Ch s
Ouang tm kha doc khoang
ta aser be mat pht ra, 125-128
Mng quang hoc
k thut gm st co bn cho, 279-280
qun cua 245
Cham dt mng quang (ONT), 268
on v} mng quang (ON), 20, 88, 215,
243, 268
khng mu ONs, 129-137
ONs nguon mn ph, 137-141
buc sng c th ONs, 123-129
Gm st hu suat quang hoc (OPM),
279
Ouang hoc theo d mc nang uong, 247
Sptter quang n, 87
tn that chn trong 99
PLC da trn 91-93
c che xung quang (OPS), 276
Mat mt tro quang (ORL), 268, 272
Tn hu quang hoc
chm tr, 34
xung, 23
Tn hu-to-nose rato quang (OSNR), 279,
286
Bang thng quang ph, 74
Phn tch ph quang hoc (OSA), 276, 284
Sao quang couper, 36
Chuyn quang hoc (OSW), 250
Men th gan quang phn x
(OTDR), 268, 274, 276
Hn quang h thng tn men refectometry
thnh phn cua 192
pht hn so, 193
Ouang n (OE) chuyn , 35
Truyen dn quang
p 38
h thng
phn tn mu, 23-24
mat so, 25-26
so quang hoc, 21-23
Pht quang v nhn cc thet b}
photododes trn tuyet o, 164
Thet b} pht quang, 163
TO k thut ng g, 164-165
WDM couper, 165
321
Mng u gao thng quang (OTN), 53
Buc sng quang hoc refectometry men
(OWDR), 285
H thng OTDR. Xem Men th gan quang
h thng refectometry
7
Mng quang th ng (PON), 87
nh huong cua mat cp quang, 25-26
ac m v gm st
thch thc v, 271-272
thnh phn cua 152
ng dng thuong m cua 14
nhu truy cp cp quang mng, 19
}ch su, 1
thu nghm mng uoc hung dn chn on
trong, 277-278
cau trc n ket mng cho 245
chn on quang hoc, hu suat
gm st, v ac tnh
cua, 267
cham dt ung quang (OLT) gao dn
trong, 215
ken trc bo v, 243
phn ph tn hu cho, 11
t cha tch, 25, 30
phn cha buc sng ghp, 120
Ch s payoad ength (PLI), 52
Lo t trong ch s (PTI), 53
Dng ga on thay the (PAL) tu chun, 3
M ha vt p con (PCS), 59
Kh eu khn vt (PCBd), 47
Lp vt OAM (PLOAM)
chc nang, 45
Hot ng p vt , hnh chnh,
v qun u nguon
(PLOAMu), 50
Lp vt trn thuong nguon
(PLOu), 48
Lp vt (PHY), 55
Thng s k thut p vt
Tu chun BPON, 155-156
uu uong d u, 155
G-PON v tu chun EPON,
156-157
322
Ph thuc (PMD) p phuong tn vt ,
8, 155
D}ch v n tho ong bng c (POTS), 2, 31
Mch sng nh sng phng
nhng oc, oc WDM
cng ngh, 171
bn ngo b oc, 169
n ket th ng, 171
WDM mch v truyen LD, 170
cng ngh, 87
PLC da trn b cha quang n
mat ket n v cha mat mt, 93
chn mat mt, 92
trn kha mng, 91
Chp v mng so n ket PLC, 91
PLM. Xem Co che quyen c san ap mat bng
P2MP n tch PON (PS-PON), 7
Th ua m-m (P2PE), 64
T tuyt chung phn cc, 287
Che phn cc phn tn (PMD), 270,
292, 294
PON. Xem Mng quang th ng
Yu cu PON bt che th gan
cho BPON, G-PON, v EPON, 158-159
chp burst-mode v 163
au n chuyn my pht, 156-157
PON thu pht
theo d nht tuyt
n p cm ng v nht ,
188-189
tn hu n }nh, 190
subassemby quang hoc ha cheu
cng ngh p rp s uong n-quang,
167-169
mch phng LghtWave, 169-172
truyen burst-mode
cho BPON, G-PON, v EPON,
158-159
d u burst-mode, 174-175
bt che thu, 181-186
bt che my pht, 175-181
n tr, 157
g d u n v ph che ,
174-175
CATV che phu, tc ng cua
Ch s
Suy tho BER, 205
CNR suy tho, 206-207
thnh phn cua 152
kh xy dng chc nang cua 162
Bn OLT cua, 162-163
Bn au n cua 162
cc tha thun a nguon m-un, 172
ngn sch n ket quang hoc, 155
thng s k thut p vt , 154-156
n-gm st, 190
cha t v ngn sch nang uong cho 154
nh g h thng
bt che hnh pht, 197
thet p thu nghm bt che cho, 197-198
v n d u, 197
o
BPON, GPON v EPON, 154
dpexer v trpexer, 161-162
gao thng pha thuong uu v h uu, 152
PON nh g h thng thu pht
v n d u, 197
Co che quyen c san ap mat bng, 159, 199
Trnh t quyen c san ap mat bng thuong nguon
(PLSu), 50
n tch mng quang th ng,
87-88
Cc quc ga chu yeu cua s phn cc (PSP), 294
on v} d u gao thc (PD), 60
D
eu che bn vung gc
(OAM), 5
Ga on vung gc chuyn keyng (OPSK), 6
Chat uong d}ch v (OoS), 35, 40, 223, 225,
267, 275
E
Tn s v tuyen (RF) men, 4
Khuech Raman, 70
Tn x Rayegh, 25, 269
Thu-n-gm st, 190
B khuech bn dn quang hoc phn cheu
(RSOA), 11, 79, 137
Cc cng ty hot ng trong khu vc Chung
(RBOC), 14
Ch s
Nt t xa (RN), 243
Thet b} u cu t xa (RT), 15, 19-20
Yu cu e xuat (RFP), 8, 70
Vng topo, 253
Chm tr chuyen vng quanh (RTD), 215
Th gan chuyen vng quanh (RTT), 34
F
Vng t phc ho (SHR), 253, 261
eu che t pha (SPM), 271
B khuech bn dn quang hoc
(SOA), 70
Hp }nh d}ch v Cap (SLA), 10
Gao dn mng u d}ch v (SNI), 32, 43
Set-top box (STB), 35
Gm st chat uong tn hu, 296
So quang sca, 25
on bn sao pht sng (SCB), 67
Nguon mn ph ONs
bn chuyn d}ch keyng, 139
h uu nguon aser DFB, quang
quang ph cua 140
m ha tn hu h uu, 139-140
mat chuyen vng quanh, 140
chuong trnh t su dng buc sng, 138-139
Spannng Tree Protoco (STP), 10
Thua tht tn hu, 274-275
Chen uoc phn cha trong mt TDM-PON, 29
SRR. Xem Tn hu nguoc dng Rayegh
t tn x nguoc
Bt u khung phn cch (SFD), 60
Bt u dau phn cch LLID (SLD), 66
Su PON, 70
T
Mng vn thng
cc ng dng cua, 11-12
Luu uong d u IP trong, 9
chnh sch v cc quy }nh cho, 13-14
n c tu chun cho, 14
cau trc cua 19
Truyen ph thuc nht
quang ph, 99-100
on v} cham dt (NT), 268
M-un thet b} km tra (TEM), 291
323
TDD, 27
Th gan truy cp phn cha nheu (TDMA),
215, 272
Th gan phn cha PON
(TDMPON), 20
Th gan phn cha (TDM), 5, 84
Th gan phc ho gao thng, 247-248
Gm st chn on k thut s thu pht
nht tuyt , 188-189
n quang hoc, 190
thn v} pht hn, 190-191
my pht n, 191
Gm st hn nay thn v} pht,
190-191
Gm st cng suat my pht, 191
Cy cau trc n ket, 248-252
Ha-Pons-trong-mt thet b}, 97-99
G
Nheu hung vng con ung chuyn mch
(PSR), 253
Tn hu nguoc dng Rayegh
t tn x nguoc
tn hu h uu cho, 128
v cc hu ng tn x nguoc Rayegh,
127
Gao dn ngu su dng mng (NI), 10, 32,
43, 223
H
Ta aser be mat pht ra doc khoang
(VCSEL), 89-90
o BER cua, 127-128
v hot ng khng mu, 128-129
bang thng eu che, 126
kha tm quang hoc, 125-126
DSL tc d u rat cao (VDSL), 3
Tho ha-bn (VSB) tn hu, 293
(VOD) d}ch v vdeo theo yu cu, 1
Cc d}ch v vdeo trc tuyen, 9
o nhn dng knh (VCI), 40
Mch o (VC), 40
o nhn dng ung dn (VPI), 40
}nh v} hnh nh (VFL), 276
Bng gong n qua IP (VoIP), 223, 225
324
.
Ong dn sng qu trnh hnh thnh
phn cc ph thuc vo buc sng thay
gm thu, 103
overcaddng poymer, 103
Tag buc sng uoc m ha (WCT), 285
Phuong php phn cha buc sng song, 27-28
Phn cha buc sng a truy nhp
(WDMA), 215
Phn cha buc sng th ng ghp
mng quang hoc, 120
AWG nhu a, 93-94
h uu / bang thng nguoc dng, 88
D-VCSELs, thc hn, 126
quang tm-kha cua FP-LDS
tp trung nguon quang bang thng rng,
131-133
RSOAs buc sng ht gng s
trn kha, 134-135
t tm kha ta aser Fabry-Perot
eu che dode, 136-137
Phn cha buc sng th ng ghp
mng quang (WDM-PON)
nhng thun o v thch thc cua 72
vng topo, 260-261
cau trc n ket cy, 253-260
Buc sng tn hu ghp knh phn cha,
93, 97
Ch s
Buc sng ghp knh phn cha (WDM),
11, 19-20
Buc sng b }nh tuyen u (WGR), 73
e n t su dng buc sng
m ha tn hu h uu, 139-140
v so a knh Bragg u,
141
Buc sng c th ONs
DFB v DBR aser
co che phn ho, 124
Etaons FP v b oc Bragg, 124
tc cao eu che trc tep, 123
VCSELs
o BER cua, 127-128
v hot ng khng mu, 128-129
bang thng eu che, 126
kha tm quang hoc, 125-126
WDM. Xem Phn cha buc sng
ghp
WDM couper, 15
ph buc sng truyen,
166
tn hu thuong nguon v h nguon
tch, 165-166
WDM-PON Ethernet (WE-PON), 79
WDM-on-WDM ken trc, 75
Tuyn truyen tn hu WDM, 93-94
Truyen WDM, 25

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