! ) CK I J @ I @A HAI K?

E H@E =HE=I @A FHE AH H@A 1

! 1 JACH=?E @EHA?J=

@A A?K=?E

AI @EBAHA ?E= AI

5E = A @

IA FHAIA J= @A = B H =

dy = g (x), dx
= I K?E CA AH= IA ?= ?K = E JACH= @

y=

g (x) dx.

-A F
dy = 7x2 + 2x y = dx
I K?E

(7x2 + 2x) dx,

y=

7 3 x + x2 + C. 3

8=HE=> AI IAF=H=> AI
IA FHAIA J= @A = B H =

5E = A @

g (x) dy = , dx h(y )
= I K?E CA AH= IA ?= ?K =

h(y ) dy =

g (x) dx.

-A F
dy 2x = , dx y+1
A J ?AI

(y + 1) dy = 2x dx
I K?E

(y + 1) dy =

2x dx,

y 2 + 2y = 2x2 + C.

-A F


xy 4 dx + (y 2 + 2) e3x dy = 0,
A J ?AI

e3x x dx +
I K?E

y2 + 2 dy = 0 y4 e3x (3x 1) =

e3x x dx = 9 6 + 3 + C. y y

y2 + 2 dy, y4

>IAHL=?E

AI
JHE?= @A I K?E AI E F ?EJ=I AI = CA>H=E?=I AI = D=?AH = EFK =?E

5A >JEA A K = B= E E= K EF=H= 2KA@A GKA IA FEAH@= I K?E

!!
!!

-?K=?E

AI AN=?J=I
R @A F =
IE AI = @EBAHA ?E=

,EBAHA ?E= AN=?J=

5A @E?A GKA M (x, y )dx+N (x, y )dy AI K = @EBAHA ?E= AN=?J= A K = HACE J J= @A = CK = BK ?E f (x, y ) -I @A?EH

df (x, y ) = M (x, y )dx + N (x, y )dy,

@ @A

M (x, y ) =

f x

N (x, y ) =

f y M (x, y )dx + N (x, y )dy IA= AN=?J=

@E?E

A?AI=HE= O IK ?EA JA F=H= GKA = ANFHAIE

5A= M (x, y ) O N (x, y ) BK ?E AI ? JE K=I ? @AHEL=@=I F=H?E= AI @A FHE AH H@A ? JE K=I A K = HACE R @A F = - J ?AI K = ? @E?E A?AI=HE= O IK ?EA JA F=H= GKA M (x, y )dx + N (x, y )dy IA= @EBAHA ?E= AN=?J= AI GKA M N = . y x

!!

-?K=?E

@EBAHA ?E=

H@E =HE= AN=?J=

@A = E GKEAH@= @A ECK= AI K =

7 = A?K=?E M (x, y )dx + N (x, y )dy = 0 AI AN=?J= IE = ANFHAIE @EBAHA ?E= AN=?J=

!!!
5E A ?

5 K?E
JH=

@A = A?K=?E

AN=?J=
?AI = I K?E CA AH= @A = A?K=?E AI

I f (x, y ) J= GKA df (x, y ) = 0 A J

f (x, y ) = C,
@ @A C AI K = ? IJ= JA

!!"

+ ?K

@A = I K?E

@A = A?K=?E

AN=?J=

1 JACH=H = A?K=?E

f = M (x, y ) O IA >JEA A x f (x, y ) = f dx + c(y ) = x M (x, y )dx + c(y ).

2=H= ?= ?K =H c(y ) @EBAHA ?E=

f = y y
@AIFA = @

M (x, y )dx + c (y ),

c (y ) =
.E =

f y y

M (x, y )dx = N (x, y )

M (x, y )dx.
@A f (x, y )

A JA IKIJEJKEH c(y ) ?= ?K =@ A A =F=HJ=@ = JAHE H F=H= >JA AH = ANFHAIE @A = A?K=?E @EBAHA ?E= AN=?J= IAH

= I K?E

f (x, y ) = C.

-A F
2xy dx + (x2 1) dy = 0.
-I AN=?J= M (x, y ) = 2xy N (x, y ) = x2 1 O

M N = 2x = . y x
-NEIJA K = BK ?E 1 JACH= @

f (x, y ) J= GKA

f f = 2xy O = x2 1. x y

f = 2xy IA >JEA A x

f (x, y ) = x2 y + c(y ). f = x2 + c (y ). y

,A

= JAHE H

1CK= = @ AIJA HAIK J=@ = N (x, y )

x2 + c (y ) = x2 1
)I O = I K?E @A = A?K=?E IAH

c ( y ) = 1

c(y ) = y.

f (x, y ) = x2 y y,

x2 y y = C.

!"

-?K=?E

AI HA@K?E> AI = AN=?J=I B=?J HAI E JACH= JAI

5E M (x, y )dx + N (x, y )dy = 0 AI AN=?J= IA FKA@A JH= IB H =H A K = A?K=?E AN=?J= K JEF E?= @ J @= = A?K=?E F H K B=?J H =FH FE=@ (x, y ) = =@ B=?J H E JACH= JA @A = A?K=?E J= GKA

(x, y )M (x, y )dx + (x, y )N (x, y )dy = 0

IA= AN=?J=

-A F
= A?K=?E AI AN=?J=

tan(y ) + tan(x) y = 0

tan(y ) dx + tan(x) dy = 0,

1 1 (tan(y )) = = = (tan(x)). y cos2 (y ) cos2 (x) x

AGKEL= A JA

= A?K=?E

cos(x) sen(y ) dx + sen(x) cos(y ) dy = 0,

AI AN=?J=

(cos(x) sen(y )) = cos(x) cos(y ) = (sen(x) cos(y )). y x

4AIK J= @A K JEF E?=H = A?K=?E F H A B=?J H

(x, y ) = cos(y ) cos(x).

"

- AH?E?E I @A ?=F JK
 4AIKA LA F H IAF=H=?E @A L=HE=> AI = A @ @A FHE AH H@A  @A @A A BHE= EA J 

dT = k (T 70). dt
4AIKA LA F H IAF=H=?E @A L=HE=> AI = A @ @A FHE AH H@A  @A @A HA=??E GK E?=

x = k (x )(x ),
A I ?=I I IECKEA JAI

(a) =

(b) = .
@A FHE AH H@A  @A @A HA=??E GK E?=

! 4AIKA LA F H IAF=H=?E

@A L=HE=> AI = A @

x = kx(x ).
" 4AIKA LA F H IAF=H=?E @A L=HE=> AI = A @ @A FHE AH H@A  @A @A BKIE 

dV 1 /3 = k (4 ) 32/3 V 2/3 . dt dy # 7 = A?K=?E @EBAHA ?E= @A = B H = = f (ax + by + c), b = 0 FKA@A HA@K?EHIA IEA FHA = dx K = A?K=?E @A L=HE=> AI IAF=H=> AI F H A@E @A = IKIJEJK?E u = ax + by + c )I HAIKA LA dy 2 = (x + y + 1) dx $ 1 JACH= =I IECKEA JAI A?K=?E AI HA@K?E> AI = AN=?J=I KJE E = @ A B=?J H E JACH= JA GKA IA E @E?= a) (x + y 2 ) dx x dy = 0, = (x) b) dx + [1 + (x + y ) tg y ] dy = 0, = (x + y )
% ,A KAIJH= GKA = A?K=?E (3x + 2y + y 2 )dx + (x + 4xy + 5y 2 )dy = 0 =@ EJA K B=?J H E JACH= JA @A = B H = = (x + y 2 ) ?= ?K @

- AH?E?E I @A JANJ HA?

- AH?E?E I @A +=F JK
-?K=?E

A @=@
H@A 

AI @EBAHA ?E= AI @A FHE AH

 ,AJAH E = IE = A?K=?E ,AJAH E = IE = A?K=?E AI AN=?J= 5E

(2x + y )dx (x + 6y )dy = 0 AI AN=?J= 5E 1 + ln(x) + y dx = (1 ln(x))dy x

2

AI HAIK LA =

AI HAIK LA =

! ,AJAH E = IE = A?K=?E 5E AI HAIK LA =

(2y sen(x) cos(x) y + 2y 2 exy )dx = (x sen2 (x) 4xyexy )dy AI AN=?J=

" 4AIKA LA A FH > A = @A L= H E E?E= (ex + y )dx + (2 + x + yey )dy = 0, y (0) = 1. # += ?K = A L= H @A k F=H= GKA = A?K=?E IA= AN=?J= @EBAHA ?E= (6xy 3 + cos(y ))dx + (2kx2 y 2 x sen(y ))dy = 0

$ 8AHE ?= GKA = A?K=?E @EBAHA ?E= (x2 +2xy y 2 )dx +(y 2 +2xy x2 )dy = 0 AI AN=?J= K JEF E?= 2 = A?K=?E F H A B=?J H E JACH= JA = (x + y ) O ? FHKA>= GKA = KAL= A?K=?E AI AN=?J=