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This paper was prepared for presentation at the SPE / IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition held in Muscat, Oman, 24-26 October 2011. Underbalanced drilling (UBD) has been used with increasing frequency to minimize problems associated with invasive formation damage.
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2011 Horizontal Underbalanced Drilling Technology Successfully Applied In Field AA- Libya.pdf
This paper was prepared for presentation at the SPE / IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition held in Muscat, Oman, 24-26 October 2011. Underbalanced drilling (UBD) has been used with increasing frequency to minimize problems associated with invasive formation damage.
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This paper was prepared for presentation at the SPE / IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition held in Muscat, Oman, 24-26 October 2011. Underbalanced drilling (UBD) has been used with increasing frequency to minimize problems associated with invasive formation damage.
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Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Descargue como PDF, TXT o lea en línea desde Scribd
Horizontal Underbalanced Drilling Technology Successfully Applied In Field
AA- Libya: Case Study Mohamed Ben Shatwan, Arabian Gulf Oil Co., Hani Qutob & Paco Vieira, SPE, Weatherford International Copyright 2011, SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition This paper was prepared for presentation at the SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition held in Muscat, Oman, 2426 October 2011. This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE/IADC program committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper have not been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers or the International Association of Drilling Contractors and are subject to correction by the author(s). The material does not necessarily reflect any position of the Society of Petroleum Engineers or the International Association of Drilling Contractors, its officers, or members. Electronic reproduction, distribution, or storage of any part of this paper without the written consent of the Society of Petroleum Engineers or the International Association of Drilling Contractors is prohibited. Permission to reproduce in print is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may not be copied. The abstract must contain conspicuous acknowledgment of SPE/IADC copyright. Abstract Recently, underbalanced drilling (UBD) has been used with increasing frequency to minimize problems associated with invasive formation damage which often greatly reduces the productivity of oil and gas reservoirs. When properly designed and executed, the benefits of underbalanced drilling (UBD) are well recognized by the industry and there is increasing raise in interest in this technology. The benefits from UBD generally fall into two categories: Cost reduction- including mitigation of conventional drilling problems as lost circulation, differential sticking, reduction in stimulation and cleanup costs, etc. Value adding- including productivity improvement, increase in ultimate recovery, and real-time reservoir characterization while drilling. Arabian Gulf oil Company (AGOCO), a major energy player in the Libyan oil industry, decided to pioneer the introduction of the new technology by embarking on a pilot project to drill 6 underbalanced horizontal wells in field AA. The Field is located in the Libyan Desert on the south east of Sirte basin. The reservoir consists of sandstone from the Early Cretaceous age. The field was first put on production in 1967. Since 1991 ESP pumps have been used for the production. The target reservoir, Member XX, is partly depleted oil bearing reservoir from the initial reservoir pressure of 3995 psi to about 2400 psi (5.3 ppg EMW). 3 out of the 6 well UBD campaign have been drilled so far. The first two wells identified the technology as an effective method to improve penetration and production rates. The third well built on the experience of the previous wells by emphasizing on minimizing formation damage and maximizing the production of the well. Another objective was the evaluation of production while the well is being drilled, eliminating the need for expensive post drilling production testing. Introduction The Field AA reservoir is a large; basement controlled, faulted and truncated anticline structure dome (33 km long and 15 km wide). An erosional unconformity (UC4) forms the top of the reservoir. Reservoir XX is composed of thick lower Cretaceous age sandstone of the Reservoir Group, which is subdivided into geological members designated from bottom to top as Members 1, 2, 3, 4,.and 5 Oil production in this field is mainly from members 3, 4 and 5 The predominant oil recovery mechanism in the field is bottom water drive with a large regional aquifer directly underlying the hydrocarbon accumulation, providing good pressure support over most of the field. This paper discusses the objectives, planning, problems encountered and lessons learned during the first application of UBD in the Field AA for AGOCO Libya. Objectives The intended goal for this underbalanced drilling project was to drill these horizontal wells to achieve the following objectives: 2 SPE/IADC 148521 Minimising formation damage Improving production rate and enhancing recovery Eliminating/minimizing lost circulation, differential pipe sticking and non productive time. Evaluating and characterizing the reservoir while drilling Increasing the rate of penetration Planning Phase Underbalanced drilling conditions may be achieved either by utilizing non-compressive drilling fluids or by the addition of gas to reduce the drilling fluid density; it will depend on the reservoir pressure and depth. Underbalanced drilling conditions will be obtained when the equivalent circulating density exerted by the drilling fluid is less than reservoir pressure. Based on the reservoir pressure, the resulting level of underbalanced and the formation characteristics, reservoir fluids will continuously flow into the wellbore. When designing the drilling circulating system, specific criteria must be met in order to satisfy all of the objectives of a properly drilled underbalanced section. While considering these criteria, it is sensible for the selected UB system to be the simplest possible that can achieve all of the necessary objectives. The design of an underbalanced drilling circulating system must consider the following criteria: 1. Bottomhole pressure the bottomhole circulating pressure must be controlled at all times to maintain continuous, steady state, underbalanced conditions throughout the entire length of the drilling and completion operation. 2. Hole Cleaning The Drilling fluid system should guarantee the hole cleaning at any depth or inclination. 3. Motor and Bits throughput the single-phase or equivalent two-phase compressed fluid volume must be within the operational specifications of the downhole motor and drill bits. 4. Surface separation equipment the reservoir inflow must be controlled in order to remain in the safe operational envelope of the surface equipments flow containment capacities, rated pressures and pipe work erosion limitations. Based on these criteria, an underbalanced drilling window is defined and an acceptable circulating system is developed. Fluids Selection Based on the reservoir data provided, the bottomhole pressure is below the normal pressure regime (EMW 5.22 ppg). This subnormal pressure requires the use of multiphase (Gas-Liquid) drilling fluid systems in order to obtain underbalanced drilling conditions (10-20% Drawdown). The native crude oil was chosen over Diesel or other drilling fluids because it is the natural reservoir fluid for this well. This will minimize chances of formation damage in the event of pressure transients and/or from fluid imbibitions. Nitrogen was selected as the injection gas because of its inert nature, economic availability and suitability for this specific underbalanced drilling project. Nitrogen will be obtained from the surrounding air and generated onsite by nitrogen production units. Gas Injection Method Two gas injection methods have been used in underbalanced drilling operations in order to reduce the gravitational effect on the effective circulating bottom hole pressure while drilling: Drill String Gas Injection Drill pipe gas injection is the most common. Here the gas and liquid are mixed at surface and the mixture is injected down the drill string. Advantages: This method requires the least number of modifications to the well design. This method also tends to produce both better control and lower bottom hole pressures than the other methods. SPE/IADC 148521 3 Disadvantages: The main drawback is that gas will pass through the BHA and therefore operations become constrained by the downhole motor and MWD throughput. An EM-MWD or wet connect MWD are generally required. Concentric Casing Gas Injection Concentric casing injection is a method whereby the liquid phase is injected down the drill string at surface (as per conventional drilling operations) and the gas phase is injected via a concentric casing injection string behind the primary wellbore casing. In the case of C341H-65 a 7 tie back should be added to the wellbore configuration. Gas is then injected between the 9 5/8 Casing and 7 Liner annulus through ports situated in the 7 liner near the 9 5/8 casing shoe into the main wellbore to create UB conditions. Advantages: This method allows the utilization of conventional mud pulse MWD. Connections are quicker with concentric casing injection systems, as the drill string only contains a single-phase non-compressible fluid, the time to bleed off the string is reduced considerably. Straightforward procedures for inexperience UBD rig crews. Disadvantages: Due to the accumulator effect, the circulation system is rather unstable. An appropriate estimation of the flow area where the gas will be injected to the drilling annulus should be estimate. This method reduces the operational range of bottom hole circulating pressure (BHCP) for a specific well configuration. A 7 tie back string is required. Modifications are required to the wellhead. Rigorous multiphase flow simulation software to determine the response of the well to changes in downhole conditions was utilized. Circulating pressures and hole cleaning parameters were evaluated and appropriate equipment and injection rate selection was selected. The utilized multiphase flow modeling software has been validated on many underbalanced drilling operations worldwide and is widely considered the industry-leading package. The parameters used in modeling this program include the evaluation of the following important criteria: Modeling considerations: Gas-liquid volumetric flow rates are designed to reduce the hydrodynamic pressure within the annulus to achieve a drawdown between 10% to 20% as a preliminary range. A reservoir pressure of 2,400 psi. Minimum vertical liquid velocities of 150 ft/min and minimum horizontal liquid fluids velocities of 180 ft/min are taken to ensure that the drilled cuttings are effectively removed from the well. These values were empirically determined along Weatherford vast experienced using gasified drilling fluids systems. No production is considered. A positive displacement down hole motor (4 OD) with a throughput between 100 gpm to 300 gpm was considered. Flow Modelling Extensive flow modelling has been performed for this proposal. This has been done based on the methodology that has been outlined previously. Different wellbore configurations as well as injection gas methods were analyzed Figure 1. 4 SPE/IADC 148521 Figure 1: Hydraulic Simulations Preliminary Scope Drill Pipe gas injection no 7 tie back considered Hydraulic simulations were carried out considering the worst-case scenario and no well production. An operation hydraulic envelope was created at the proposed final well depth (TD). A drill string gas injection system was modeled and the results are demonstrated graphically in Figure 2. Figure 2: Operating Window Gasified fluid as a circulation system No 7 Tie Back Although underbalanced conditions can be achieved using the drill string injection method, there is a reduction in the liquid velocity as soon as the liquid enters into the 9 5/8 casing. Adding the volumetric flow rates constrains given by the max 300 GPM of gas-liquid mixture that can be injected by the drill string, the operational flow window becomes limited in a narrow range of liquid and gas injection parameters. The operational window is between 200 and 220 gpm for the liquid phase and 1000 and 1200 scfm of nitrogen. It is expected that production while drilling will increase the operational window for the hydraulic parameters. Drill pipe gas injection 7 tie back considered Hydraulic simulations were carried out considering the worst-case scenario and no well production. An operation hydraulic envelope was created at the proposed final well depth (TD).A drill string gas injection system was modeled considering a 7 Tie Back string and the results are demonstrated graphically in Figure 3. 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,900 2,000 2,100 2,200 2,300 2,400 2,500 2,600 2,700 2,800 2,900 3,000 3,100 3,200 3,300 3,400 3,500 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 B H C P
( p s i ) Nitrogen Injection Rate (scfm) BHCP vs Concentric Casing Nitrogen Injection No 7" Tie Back - No Prodution - DP Injection Native Crude + Nitrogen Min liquid velocity >150 ft/min Max 300 gpm Motor 100 gpm 150 gpm 200 gpm 250 gpm 10% Drawdown Reservoir pressure 20% Drawdown 300 gpm Reservoir Pressure =2400 psi BHCP @ 10% Drawdown = 2160 psi Maximum PDM Flow Rate 300 GPM Hole Cleaning Boundary Vertical Vel. 150 ft/min BHCP @ 20% Drawdown = 1920 psi SPE/IADC 148521 5 Figure 3: Operating Window Gasified fluid as a circulation system Using 7 Tie Back Drill pipe gas injection The use of the 7 tie back allows to achieve the required Underbalanced drilling conditions utilizing the drill pipe gas injection method. The inclusion of the 7 tie back considerably increases the hydraulic operational window for the injection parameters. The operational window, considering the use of a tie back string, is estimated to be between 100 and 200 gpm for the liquid phase and 400 and 1500 scfm of nitrogen. However, the high gas volume fraction on the drill string will limit and restrict the use of conventional MWD/PWD/LWD tools required to drill the horizontal section. Concentric Casing gas injection Hydraulic simulations were carried out considering the worst-case scenario and no well production. An operation hydraulic envelope was created at the proposed final well depth (TD). A drill string gas injection system was modeled and the results are demonstrated graphically in Figure 4. Figure 4: Operating Window Gasified fluid as a circulation system Concentric casing gas injection By using the concentric gas injection, underbalanced drilling condition is achieved. However, since no gas is flowing through the drill pipe, the liquid velocities in the horizontal section limit the operational window for the hydraulic injection parameters. It is expected that production while drilling will enhance the transport of cutting in the horizontal section increasing the operational window. Accordingly, concentric Casing gas injection was selected. Figure 5. 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,900 2,000 2,100 2,200 2,300 2,400 2,500 2,600 2,700 2,800 2,900 3,000 3,100 3,200 3,300 3,400 3,500 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 B H C P
( p s i ) Nitrogen Injection Rate (scfm) BHCP vs DP Nitrogen Injection 7" Tie Back - No Prodution Native Crude + Nitrogen Min liquid velocity >180 ft/min Min 100 gpm Max 300 gpm Motor 100 gpm 150 gpm 200 gpm 250 gpm 10% Drawdown Reservoir pressure 20% Drawdown 300 gpm Reservoir Pressure =2400 psi BHCP@ 10% Drawdown =2160psi Maximum PDM Flow Rate 300 GPM Hole Cleaning Boundary Horizonta Vel. 180 ft/min BHCP@ 20% Drawdown =1920psi 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,900 2,000 2,100 2,200 2,300 2,400 2,500 2,600 2,700 2,800 2,900 3,000 3,100 3,200 3,300 3,400 3,500 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 B H C P
( p s i ) Nitrogen Injection Rate (scfm) BHCP vs Concentric Casing Nitrogen Injection Injection Point 6000 ft TVD 7" Tie Back - No Prodution Native Crude + Nitrogen 100 gpm 150 gpm 200 gpm 250 gpm 10% Drawdown Reservoir pressure 20% Drawdown Max 300 gpm Motor Min liquid velocity >180 ft/min Reservoir Pressure =2400 psi BHCP @ 10% Drawdown = 2160 psi Maximum PDMFlow Rate 300 GPM Hole Cleaning Boundary Horizontal Vel. 180 ft/min BHCP @ 20% Drawdown = 1920 psi 6 SPE/IADC 148521 Figure 5: Concentric casing gas injection IADC Classification The Underbalanced Drilling operation for this pilot project is classified as 1-B-4, based on the IADC (International Association of Drilling Contractors) Underbalanced Drilling operation Committee Classification System for UBD Wells. Overview of UBD Operations Well C349H-65 C349H-65 was the first well drilled Underbalanced in Sarir C main field in Libya. The 6 1/8 horizontal section was drilled Underbalanced from the 7 liner shoe at 9183 ft MD (8845 ft TVD) to 10817 ft MD (8873 ft TVD) utilizing concentric casing N2 gas injection of Nitrified Diesel. Oil production from the reservoir commenced immediately after unloading the well and drilling about 10 ft of formation. The production was from the Sarir C Main member which contains 0.83 SG crude oil. The Underbalanced Drilling operations continued with the use of the produced Sarir native crude oil instead of Diesel. In total, 1634 ft of open hole was drilled at a controlled draw down of 10% of the reservoir pressure which was estimated at 2400 psi. Figure 6. Rate of Penetration C349H-65 was drilled with the proper N2 and liquid (crude) injection rates to maintain the BHCP within the operating envelope set out for this well. An increase in ROP was achieved with all systems operating within expected parameters. 1634 ft were drilled in 44.27 hrs (Bit on bottom time) with an overall average ROP of 36.9 ft/hr. Production Throughout the drilling operation, the BHCP was maintained between 2149 PSI and 2327 PSI as shown in the BHCP versus measured depth graph (Figure 7). Oil production while drilling from Sarir C Main Member was first observed at 9190 MD (8845 ft TVD). Total crude production during the Underbalanced Drilling section was 4405 Bbls. Cumulative production vs. Time is presented in figure 8. Figure 6: C349H-65 Well Diagram Well Name: SARIR C NORTH Company Name: AGOCO 20" Casing set depth MD: 20 ft 13 3/8" Casing set depth MD: 3,200 ft N2 Injection Port TOP 7" MD: 7,000 ft MD: 7,100 ft 9 5/8" Casing set depth MD: 7,300 ft 2,600 ft KOP MD: 7,320 ft Open Hole Size: 6.125 inch Build rate 10.97 o /100ft 7" Liner set depth TVD: 8,800 ft TVD: 8,840 ft MD: 9,200 ft MD: 11,800 ft 89.7 o 89.7 o PDM: 4 3/4" Holes Diameter 22/32 Number of Holes: 60 holes Holes per ft: 12 Phase: 60 Degrees TFA: 22.27 in 2 Label Description MD (ft) TVD (ft) Incl(deg) 1 20" Casing Shoe 0-120 120 0 2 7" Tie back 0-7843 0-7843 0 3 13"3/8 Casing shoe 0-3188 3188 0 4 Circulating sub 7652 7652 0 5 7" Liner 7710-9183 7710-8845 0-88 6 KOP 8043 8043 0 7 9"5/8 Casing shoe 0-8043 8043 0 8 Landing point 9356 8856 90 9 7" Liner shoe 9183 8845 87 10 6.125" Open Hole 9183-10817 8845-8873 87-89 11 TD 10817 8873 89 C349H-65 8 4 7 9 3 6 10 1 2 5 6 11 SPE/IADC 148521 7 Figure 7: C349H-65 BHCP vs. Depth Figure 8: C349H-65 Cumulative Gain vs. Time At TD (10817 ft MD), a production test was performed for 3 hrs with 1750 scfm N2. Oil was produced at an average rate of 5584 bbl/day. The reservoir gas was produced at an average rate of 0.39 mmscf/ day. The average flowing wellhead pressure was 245 PSI Well C347H-65 Well C347H-65 is the second well drilled underbalanced in the Sarir C main field in Libya. The 6 1/8 horizontal section was drilled underbalanced from 8 ft outside the 7 liner shoe at 9205 ft MD (8871 ft TVD) to10889 ft MD (8939 ft TVD) utilizing concentric casing gas injection of Nitrified Diesel. The well commenced producing at depth 9772 ft MD. The production was from the Sarir C Main member which contains 0.83 SG. crude. Drilling then was continued with the produced Sarir crude instead of Diesel. In total, 1684 ft of an open hole was drilled at a controlled draw down of (6-10)% of the estimated reservoir pressure of 2400 psi. Figure 9. C349H-65 BHCP Vs. MD 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 9100 9200 9300 9400 9500 9600 9700 9800 9900 10000 10100 10200 10300 10400 10500 10600 10700 10800 10900 Measured Depth (ft) B H C P
( p s i ) PWD Estimated Res.Pr 5% DD 10% DD - Res. Pressure = 2400 psi 2160 psi, 10% 2280 psi, 5% C349H-65 Oil Cumulative Net Gains & Losses Vs. Time 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 0 1 N o v 0 2 N o v 0 3 N o v 0 4 N o v 0 5 N o v 0 6 N o v 0 7 N o v 0 8 N o v 0 9 N o v 1 0 N o v 1 1 N o v 1 2 N o v Time (Day) O i l
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( B B L ) Bit Run # 1 Bit Run # 2 Flow the well while pulling the shoe Final Flow Test at Casing Shoe, TD Balance the well, fill for displacement Reset Initial Surface Volume 8 SPE/IADC 148521 Figure 9: Final Well C 347-H65 Diagram as Drilled Rate of Penetration Well C347-H65 was drilled with the proper N2 and liquid rate to maintain the BHCP within the operating envelope set out for this well. An increase in ROP was achieved with all systems operating within expected parameters. 1684 ft were drilled in 85 hrs for an overall average instantaneous ROP of 39 ft/hr. Production Throughout the drilling operation, the BHCP was maintained between 2100-2280 psi as shown in the graph (Figure 10) representing the BHCP versus measured depth. Oil production while drilling was first observed at 9772 MD (8897 ft TVD). A total of 2360 bbls of crude oil was produced during underbalanced drilling, tripping, circulation. Cumulative Oil production vs. Time is shown in figure 11. Figure 10: C347H-65 BHCP vs. Depth Label Description MD (ft) TVD (ft) Incl(deg) 1 7" Tie back 0-7772 0-7772 0 2 Circulating sub 7652 7652 0 3 7" Liner top 7772-9197 7772 0 4 KOP 8115 8115 0 5 9"5/8 Casing shoe 8200 8200 0 6 Landing point N/A N/A 7 7" Liner shoe 9197 8871 87 8 6" Open Hole 9197-10889 8871-8891 87-88 9 TD 10889 8939 88 WELL C347-H65 DIAGRAM 6 5 7 6 2 8 1 3 4 9 Well C347-H65 Bottom Hole Circulating Pressure(BHCP) Vs. Measured Depth (MD) 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 9200.0 9400.0 9600.0 9800.0 10000.0 10200.0 10400.0 10600.0 10800.0 Measured Depth (Ft) B H C P
( p s i ) PWD Actual Res.Pr 10% DD 15% DD 5% DD - Res. Pressure = 2400 Psi 2040 Psi, 15% DD 2160 Psi, 10% Run # 3,Bit # 2 Rerun,Bit #1 Run #1,Bit #1 2280 Psi, 5% DD SPE/IADC 148521 9 Figure 11: Well C 347- H65 Oil Cumulative Gains vs. Time At TD 10889 ft MD, a production test was performed for 1 hrs with 2500 scfm N2. Oil was produced at an average rate of 5448 bbl/day. Gas was produced at an average rate 0.78 mmscf/day. The average flowing wellhead pressure was 200 psi. Well C346H-65 C346H-65 is the 3rd well drilled underbalanced in the Sarir C Main Field. The previous two wells identified the technology as an effective method to improve penetration and production rates. This well attempted to build on the experience of the previous wells by emphasizing on minimizing the formation damage which in turns maximizes the production of the well. C346H-65 was drilled successfully in record time (8 days from start of UBD to TD), and yielding approximately 3 times the average conventional production of Sarir field. Figure 12. Figure 12 Final Well C346H-65 Profile Well C347H65 Oil Cumulative Net Gains & Losses Vs. Time 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,900 2,000 2,100 2,200 2,300 2,400 0 7 F e b 0 8 F e b 0 9 F e b 1 0 F e b 1 1 F e b 1 2 F e b 1 3 F e b 1 4 F e b 1 5 F e b 1 6 F e b 1 7 F e b 1 8 F e b 1 9 F e b 2 0 F e b 2 1 F e b 2 2 F e b 2 3 F e b 2 4 F e b 2 5 F e b 2 6 F e b Time (Day) O i l
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( b b l ) Run#1from 9205 ft MD to 10219 ft MD Run#2 lost direction,continued UBD in new legsfrom 9762 ft to 10440 ft Leaks in tie back csg, Stuck pipe @9954ft, Free stuck pipe using N2 DPI Logging Operation POOH&RIH Fishing Operation for csg and packer Run#3 UBD from 10440 to 10889 ft MD Label Description MD (m) TVD (m) Incl (deg) 1 20" Casing Shoe 120 120 0 2 7" Tie back 0-7850 0-8868 0 0-2200 2200 0 2200-3176 3176 0 4 Perforation Inj.Point 7700 7700 0 5 7" Liner 7850-9190 7850-8868 0-87 6 KOP 8040 8040 0 7 9" Casing shoe 8164 8164 0 8 Landing point 9516 8887 88.1 9 7" Liner shoe 9190 8868 83.5 10 6" Open Hole 9190-10878 8868-8921 87-88 11 TD 10878 8921 88.3 12 Pilot Hole (Aband.) N/A N/A 0 Well C346H-65 3 13" Casing shoe 8 4 7 9 3 10 1 2 5 6 11 12 10 SPE/IADC 148521 Rate of Penetration The average of bottom ROP for C346H-65 drilled Underbalanced was 21.2 ft/hr. Good hole cleaning was achieved through the 6 UBD section by carefully applying good drilling rates and working pipe after each connection. Production The well was drilled to TD of 10878 ft MD with controlled BHCP, figure 13. A total of 2430 bbl of crude were produced during the drilling time of the well with the addition of an extra 200 bbl of crude that were stored in the rig tanks. (Figures14) illustrate the production curve against time and depth respectively as well as provide a visual breakdown of different phases in the progress of the well. After first sings of production a preliminary a flow test was performed resulting in 2662 bbl/day of oil and 0.6 MMSCFD of gas at a depth of 9797 ft MD. UBD continued after that until TD was reached, and a final flow test was performed yielding an average production of 3650 bbl/day of oil and 1.72 MMSCFD of gas. In conclusion, C346H-65 was a successfully drilled under balanced horizontal well.. A final flow test was conducted successfully with positive results. Oil production was at 3650 bbl/day with average gas production of 1.72 MMSCFD. Figure 13: C346H-65 BHCP vs. Depth Figure 14 Well C 346- H65 Oil Cumulative Gains vs. Time AGOCO C346H-65 BHCP Vs. MD 1750 1850 1950 2050 2150 2250 2350 2450 2550 2650 2750 2850 2950 3050 3150 3250 9150 9250 9350 9450 9550 9650 9750 9850 9950 10050 10150 10250 10350 10450 10550 10650 10750 10850 Measured Depth (ft) B H C P
( p s i ) WellFlo Initial Reservoir Pressure 10% DD Act. Avg. BHCP PWD - 2154 psi 10% DD Reservoir Pressure = 2393 psi Unloading Act. Avg BHCP = 2223 psi AGOCO C346H-65 Oil Cumulative Net Gains & Losses Vs. Time -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 31 Mar 01 Apr 02 Apr 03 Apr 04 Apr 05 Apr 06 Apr 07 Apr 08 Apr 09 Apr Time (Day) O i l
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( b b l ) UBD Dry Section Transfering Fluid to Rig Tanks Transfer 230 bbl to Rig Tanks Flow Test #1 Oil: 2662 bbl/day Gas: 0.6 MMSCFD Final Flow Test Oil: 3650 bbl/day Gas: 1.72 MMSCFD Flow Test #2 Oil: 4037 bbl/day Gas: 1.9 MMSCFD Export meter adjustment Flow Test #3 Oil: 1807 bbl/day Gas: 1.0 MMSCFD UBD Unload Well Unload Well Unload Well UBD Export crude from UBD Tanks SPE/IADC 148521 11 Quality, Health, Safety and Environment A comprehensive safety management system was provided by the UBD service provider.The Quality, Health, Safety and Environment (QHSE) procedures were reviewed on this underbalanced drilling project for the three wells. No lost time or QHSE incidents were recorded and operations were accomplished as per plan. Conclusions & Recommendations Controlled Pressure Drilling - CPD is proved to be a very effective tool in increasing production from Sarir C depleted reservoirs. Underbalanced drilling improved ROP, reduced rig time, and provided reservoir evaluation while drilling. No major problems were encountered during the drilling phase and the 3 wells were drilled and completed successfully. Reviewing the UBD procedures prior to any drilling tasks with the rig crew and WFD members always assist to avoid miscommunication which leads to drilling problems and incidents. The accurate value of reservoir pressure facilitates the proper design of desired Bottom hole circulation pressure and maintains the required drawdown for CPD conditions during the entire operation The close working relationship between the operating company, UBD service provider and other contractors provided a safe working environment for all rig site personnel. Acknowledgements The authors wish to extend their appreciation to the management of National Oil Corporation and Arabian Gulf Oil Company AGOCO and to Weatherford International Inc. for the permission to publish this paper. The authors also thank the many individuals within AGOCO and Weatherford DHM team who have contributed to the success of this work. References: 1. P. Vieira Underbalanced Drilling Operation For Reservoir Characterization In Jebel Aswad Field, Oman - A Case History SPE/IADC SPE/IADC 113688 Presented in January 2008, Abu Dhabi, UAE 2. Hani Qutob & Horacio Ferreira, The SURE Way to underbalanced Drilling, SPE paper 93346, presented at the 14th SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference held in Bahrain International Exhibition Centre, Bahrain, 1215 March 2005. 3. P. Vieira First Multilateral Well Drilled With Underbalanced Drilling Technology In Sabria Field Tunisia SPE/IADC 113690 Presented at the SPE IADCMPD/UBO Conference Jan 2008, Abu Dhabi, UAE 4. Salar Babajan, Shell Abu Dhab & Hani Qutob, Weatherford International, SPE-120018, Underbalanced Drilling Technology adds Reserves and Enhances Ultimate Recovery. . 5. P. Vieira Applying The Underbalance For Life Philosophy To Well Construction In PDO SPE/IADC 113685 Presented at the SPE IADCMPD/UBO Conference Jan 2008, Abu Dhabi, UAE 6. Shifting Paradigms Underbalanced Drilling Technology Proves Highly Successful For Reservoir Evaluation And Drilling Performance Improvement In Kuwait. Presented at the Offshore Mediterranean Conference April 2007, Ravenna, Italy 7. P. Vieira Minimum Air And Water Flow Rates Required For Effective Cuttings Transport In High Angle And Horizontal Wells SPE 74463 - prepared for presentation at the IADC/SPE Drilling Conference held in Dallas, Texas, 2628 February 2002. 8. Bennion, D.B. et al: Effective Laboratory Coreflood Tests to Evaluate and Minimize Formation Damage in Horizontal Wells, presented at the 3 rd International Conference on Horizontal Well Technology, Houston, Texas, Nov 12-14, 1991 9. Qutob, Hani: "Underbalanced Drilling; Remedy for Formation Damage, Lost Circulation, & other related conventional Drilling problems, SPE 88698, presented at the 11 th Abu Dhabi international Petroleum Exhibition and Conference held in Abu Dhabi, U.A.E., 1013 October 2004.