Seminar Report

on

MICROSOFT PALLADIUM

Submitted by

AJITH V

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY, KOCHI - 682022

OCTOBER 2008

DIVISION OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
 COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
KOCHI - 682022

Certificate

Certified that this is a bonafide record of the seminar work entitled

“Microsoft Palladium”
done by the following students

Ajith V

of the VIIth semester, Computer Science and Engineering in the year 2008 in partial
fulfillment of the requirements to the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in
Computer Science and Engineering of Cochin University of Science and Technology.

Ms Shekha Chenthara Dr. David Peters S

Seminar Guide Head of the Department
Lecture Division of computer science
Division of computer science SOE, CUSAT
SOE, CUSAT
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost I thank almighty for his blessings. I sincerely express my

gratitude to my seminar guide, Ms.shekha chenthara, Lecturer, CUSAT, for his proper guidance and

valuable suggestions. I am equally indebted to Mr. David Peter, the HOD, Computer Science division and

other faculty members for giving me such an opportunity to learn and present this seminar. If not for the

above mentioned people my seminar would never have been completed successfully. I once again extend

my sincere thanks to all of them

AJITH V
 ABSTRACT

The Next-Generation Secure Computing Base (NGSCB), formerly known as

Palladium, is a software architecture designed by Microsoft which is expected to implement

"Trusted Computing" concept on future versions of the Microsoft Windows operating system.

Palladium is part of Microsoft's Trustworthy Computing initiative. Microsoft's stated aim for

palladium is to increase the security and privacy of computer users. Palladium involves a new

breed of hardware and applications in along with the architecture of the Windows operating

system. Designed to work side-by-side with the existing functionality of Windows, this significant

evolution of the personal computer platform will introduce a level of security that meets the rising

customer requirements for data protection, integrity and distributed collaboration. It's designed to

give people greater security, personal privacy and system integrity.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT
LIST OF FIGURES ii

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 CORE PRINCIPLES OF PALLADIUM 4

2. CORE PRINCIPLES OF PALLADIUM 11

2.1. HARDWARE COMPONENTS 11
2.1.1. TRUSTED SPACE 11
2.1.2. SEALED STORAGE 11
2.1.3. ATTESTATION 11
2.2. SOFTWARE COMPONENTS 12
2.2.1. NEXUS 12
2.2.2. TRUSTED AGENT 12

3. COMPARISON OF TCPA AND PALLADIUM 20

4. ADVANTAGES OF PALLADIUM 21
4.1. BLOCK MALICIOUS CODE 21
4.2. DIGITAL RIGHT MANAGEMENT 21

5. DISADVANTAGES OF PALLADIUM 23
5.1. UPGRADES 23
5.2. INTEROPERABILITY 23
5.3. LEGACY PROGRAMS 24
6. CONCLUSION 25

7. REFERENCES 27

i
 LIST OF FIGURES

SL No Title Pg No

Fig 1.1 PALLADIUM ENABLED SYSTEM 2

Fig 2.1 PALLADIUM WITH CLOSED SPHERE OF TRUST 7
Fig 2.2 PALLADIUM AS AN OPT_IN SYSTEM 8

ii
Microsoft Palladium

1. INTRODUCTION

The Next-Generation Secure Computing Base (NGSCB), formerly known

as Palladium, is a software architecture designed by Microsoft which is expected to implement
"Trusted Computing" concept on future versions of the Microsoft Windows operating system.
Palladium is part of Microsoft's Trustworthy Computing initiative. Microsoft's stated aim for
palladium is to increase the security and privacy of computer users. Palladium involves a new
breed of hardware and applications in along with the architecture of the Windows operating
system. Designed to work side-by-side with the existing functionality of Windows, this
significant evolution of the personal computer platform will introduce a level of security that
meets the rising customer requirements for data protection, integrity and distributed
collaboration. It's designed to give people greater security, personal privacy and system integrity.
Internet security is also provided by palladium such as protecting data from virus and hacking of
data
In addition to new core components in Windows that will move the Palladium
effort forward, Microsoft is working with hardware partners to build Palladium components and
features into their products. The new hardware architecture involves some changes to CPUs
which are significant from a functional perspective. There will also be a new piece of hardware
called for by Palladium that you might refer to as a security chip. It will provide a set of
cryptographic functions and keys that are central to what we're doing. There are also some
associated changes under the chipset, and the graphics and I/O system through the USB port--all
designed to create a comprehensive security environment.

"Palladium" is the code name for an evolutionary set of features for the
Microsoft Windows operating system. When combined with a new breed of hardware and
applications, "Palladium" gives individuals and groups of users greater data security, personal
privacy and system integrity. Designed to work side-by-side with the existing functionality of
Windows, this significant evolution of the personal computer platform will introduce a level of
security that meets the rising customer requirements for data protection, integrity and distributed
collaboration .

Division of Computer Science, SOE, CUSAT 1

Microsoft Palladium

Users implicitly trust their computers with more of their valuable data every
day. They also trust their computers to perform more and more important financial, legal and
other transactions. "Palladium" provides a solid basis for this trust: a foundation on which
privacy- and security-sensitive software can be built.

There are many reasons why "Palladium" will be of advantage to users.

Among these are enhanced, practical user control; the emergence of new server/service models;
and potentially new peer-to-peer or fully peer-distributed service models. The fundamental
benefits of "Palladium" fall into three chief categories: greater system integrity, superior personal
privacy and enhanced data security.These categories are illustrated in Fig 1.1

Fig 1.1 Palladium enabled system

Division of Computer Science, SOE, CUSAT 2

Microsoft Palladium

Today's personal computing environment has advanced in terms of security

and privacy, while maintaining a significant amount of backward compatibility. However, the
evolution of a shared, open network (the Internet) has created new problems and requirements
for trustworthy computing. As the personal computer grows more central to our lives at home,
work and school, consumers and business customers alike are increasingly aware of privacy and
security issues.

Now, the pressure is on for industry leaders to take the following actions:

• Bui
lds
olut
ionst
hatwi
llme
ett
hepr
ess
ingn
eedf
orr
eli
abi
li
tya
ndi
nte
gri
ty.
• Ma
kei
mpr
ove
men
tst
oth
epe
rson
alc
omput
ers
ucht
hati
tca
nmor
eful
lyr
eac
hit
s
pot
ent
iala
nde
nabl
eawi
derr
angeofoppor
tuni
ti
es.
• Gi
vec
ust
ome
rsa
ndc
ont
entpr
ovi
der
san
ewl
eve
lofc
onf
ide
ncei
nth
ecomput
er
e
xpe
rie
nce
.
• Con
tin
ue t
osupp
ortb
ackwa
rdc
ompa
tibi
li
ty wi
the
xis
ti
ngs
oft
war
ean
d us
er
kn
owl
edget
hate
xis
tswi
thWi
ndowss
yst
emst
oda
y.

Toge
the
r,i
ndus
tryl
eade
rsmus
taddr
esst
hes
ecr
it
ic
ali
ssue
stome
ett
hemoun
tin
gde
man
dfor
t
rus
tedc
omput
ing whi
le pr
ese
rvi
ng t
he ope
nan
dri
chc
har
act
er of c
urr
entc
omput
er
f
unc
tion
ali
ty.

Division of Computer Science, SOE, CUSAT 3

Mi
cros
oftPa
ll
adi
um

1.
1FEATURESOFPALLADI
UM

De
vel
opme
ntof"
Pal
la
dium"i
sgui
ded by i
mpor
tan
tbus
ine
ssa
nd Te
chni
cal
i
mpe
rat
ive
san
das
sumpt
ions
.Amon
gth
esea
ret
hef
oll
owi
ng:

à A "Palladium"-enhanced computer must continue to run any existing applications

and device drivers.

"
Pal
la
dium"i
snotas
epa
rat
eope
rat
ings
yst
em.I
tisb
ase
dona
rchi
te
ctur
al
e
nha
nce
men
tst
oth
eWi
ndowske
rne
lan
dtoc
omput
erh
ardwa
re,i
ncl
udi
ngt
heCPU,pe
riphe
ral
s
a
ndc
hips
ets
,toc
rea
tean
ewt
rus
tede
xec
uti
ons
ubs
yst
em(
seeFi
g1)
.

"
Pal
la
dium"wi
lln
ote
li
mina
tea
nyf
eat
ure
sofWi
ndowst
hatus
ersh
avec
ome
t
ore
lyon;e
ver
ythi
ngt
hatr
unst
oda
ywi
llc
ont
inuet
orunwi
th"
Pal
la
dium.
"Ina
ddi
ti
on,
"
Pal
la
dium"doe
snotc
han
gewha
tca
nbepr
ogr
amme
dorr
unont
hec
omput
ingpl
atf
orm;i
t
s
impl
ych
ange
swh
atc
anb
ebe
lie
veda
boutpr
ogr
ams
,an
dth
edur
abi
li
tyoft
hos
ebe
lie
fs.
Mor
eov
er,"
Pal
la
dium"wi
llope
rat
ewi
tha
nypr
ogr
amt
heus
ers
pec
ifi
eswhi
lema
int
aini
ng
s
ecur
it
y.

à "Palladium"-based systems must provide the means to protect user privacy better than
any operating system does today.

"
Pal
la
dium"pr
eve
ntsi
den
tit
yth
efta
ndun
aut
hor
ize
dac
ces
sto
pe
rson
alda
taont
heus
er'
sde
vic
ewhi
leont
heI
nte
rne
tan
donot
hern
etwor
ks.Tr
ans
act
ionsa
nd
pr
oce
sse
sar
eve
rif
iabl
ean
dre
li
abl
e(t
hrought
hea
tte
sta
bleh
ardwa
rea
nds
oft
war
ear
chi
te
ctur
e
de
scr
ibe
dbe
low)
,an
dth
eyc
ann
otb
eimi
ta
ted.

Wi
th"
Pal
la
dium,
"as
yst
em'
sse
cre
tsa
rel
ocke
dint
hec
omput
era
nda
reonl
y
r
eve
ale
dont
ermst
hatt
heus
erh
ass
pec
ifi
ed.I
naddi
ti
on,

Di
vis
ionofComput
erSc
ienc
e,SOE,CUSAT 4
Mi
cros
oftPa
ll
adi
um

t
het
rus
ted us
eri
nte
rfa
cepr
eve
ntss
noopi
nga
nd i
mpe
rson
ati
on.Th
eus
erc
ont
rol
swha
tis
r
eve
ale
dan
dca
nse
par
atec
ate
gor
iesofda
taonas
ingl
ecomput
eri
ntodi
st
inc
tre
alms
.

Fi
nal
ly,t
he"
Pal
la
dium"a
rchi
te
ctur
ewi
lle
nabl
ean
ewc
las
sofi
den
tit
y
s
ervi
cepr
ovi
der
sth
atc
anpot
ent
ial
lyof
ferus
ersc
hoi
cesf
orh
owt
hei
ride
nti
ti
esa
rer
epr
ese
nte
d
i
nonl
inet
ran
sac
tions
.Th
eses
ervi
cepr
ovi
der
sca
nal
soe
nsur
eth
att
heus
eri
sinc
ont
rolof
pol
ic
iesf
orh
ow pe
rson
ali
nfor
mat
ioni
sre
vea
ledt
oot
her
s.I
naddi
ti
on,"
Pal
la
dium"wi
lla
ll
ow
us
erst
oempl
oyi
den
tit
yse
rvi
cepr
ovi
der
soft
hei
rownc
hoos
ing.

à "Palladium" will not require digital rights management technology, and DRM will not
require "Palladium."

Di
git
alr
igh
tsma
nage
men
t(DRM)i
sani
mpor
tan
t,e
mer
gingt
echn
ologyt
hat
ma
nybe
li
evewi
llb
ece
ntr
alt
oth
edi
git
ale
con
omyoft
hef
utur
e.Asame
ansofde
fini
ngr
ule
s
a
nds
ett
ingpol
ic
iest
hate
nha
ncet
hei
nte
gri
tya
ndt
rus
tofdi
git
alc
ont
entc
ons
umpt
ion
,DRM i
s
vi
ta
lforawi
der
angeofc
ont
ent
-pr
ote
cti
onus
es.Somee
xampl
esofDRM a
ret
hepr
ote
cti
onof
v
alua
blei
nte
lle
ctua
lpr
ope
rty
,tr
ust
ede
-ma
ila
ndpe
rsi
st
entpr
ote
cti
onofc
orp
ora
ted
ocume
nts
.

Whi
leDRM a
nd"
Pal
la
dium"a
reb
oths
uppor
ti
veofTr
ust
wor
thyComput
ing,
n
eit
heri
sabs
olut
elyr
equi
redf
ort
heot
hert
owor
k.DRM c
anb
ede
ploy
edonn
on-
"Pa
lla
dium"
ma
chi
nes
,an
d"Pa
lla
dium"c
anpr
ovi
deus
erswi
thbe
nef
it
sin
depe
nde
ntofDRM.Th
eya
re
s
epa
rat
ete
chn
ologi
es.Th
ats
aid,t
hec
urr
ents
oft
war
e-b
ase
dDRM t
echn
ologi
esc
anber
ende
red
s
tron
gerwh
ende
ploy
edon"
Pal
la
dium"
-ba
sedc
omput
ers
.

à User information is not a requirement for "Palladium" to work.

"
Pal
la
dium"a
uth
ent
ica
tess
oft
war
ean
d ha
rdwa
re,n
otus
ers
."Pa
ll
adi
um"i
s
a
boutpl
atf
ormi
nte
gri
ty,a
nde
nabl
esus
ers-whe
the
rinac
orp
ora
teorh
omes
ett
ing-t
ota
ke
a
dva
nta
geofs
yst
emt
rus
twor
thi
nes
stoe
sta
bli
shmul
ti
ple
,se
par
atei
den
tit
ie
s,e
acht
osui
tspe
cif
ic
n
eeds
.

Di
vis
ionofComput
erSc
ienc
e,SOE,CUSAT 5
Mi
cros
oftPa
ll
adi
um

Fore
xampl
e,a
nempl
oye
elogson
tot
hec
orp
ora
ten
etwor
kfr
omh
ome
.At
rus
tedga
tewa
yse
rve
r
a
tth
ecor
por
aten
etwor
k me
dia
test
her
emot
eac
ces
sconn
ect
ion
,al
lowi
ng onl
ytr
ust
ed
a
ppl
ic
ati
onst
oac
ces
sthen
etwor
k.Thi
sens
ure
sth
att
hen
etwor
kispr
ote
cte
daga
ins
tinf
ect
ion
f
rom a
tta
cksbyvi
rus
est
hatt
heh
omeus
ermi
ghth
aver
ece
ive
dth
roughpe
rson
ale
-ma
il.On
ce
c
onn
ect
ed,t
hee
mpl
oye
eca
nus
eRe
mot
eDe
skt
opt
oac
ces
sth
ecomput
era
tth
eof
fi
ceors
avea
f
il
eba
ckt
oth
ecor
por
ate
ser
verbyus
ingl
oca
llya
cti
veTr
ust
edAge
ntsa
nds
eal
eds
tor
age(
see
b
elow)ont
hec
li
ent
.
Wi
tht
hist
echn
ology
,th
ecor
por
aten
etwor
kispr
ote
cte
d,whi
let
hei
ndi
vidua
l
c
ana
lsob
econf
ide
ntt
hatt
hec
ompa
nyi
snotus
ingt
her
emot
econn
ect
iona
sanoppor
tun
ityt
o
s
noopi
ntot
hec
ont
ent
soft
heus
er'
shomec
omput
er.

à"Palladium" will enable closed spheres of trust.

Ac
los
eds
phe
reoft
rus
tbi
ndsda
taoras
ervi
cet
obot
has
etofus
ers(
logon
)an
d
t
oas
etofa
cce
pta
blea
ppl
ic
ati
ons
.Ass
howni
nFi
g2.
2,t
hen
exus(
for
mer
lyr
efe
rre
dtoa
sth
e
Tr
ust
edOpe
rat
ingRoot
,orTOR)d
oesn
ots
impl
yope
nth
eva
ult
;th
ene
xuswi
llope
nonl
ya
pa
rti
cul
arv
aul
t,a
ndonl
yforas
mal
lli
stofa
ppl
ic
ati
ons
.

Di
vis
ionofComput
erSc
ienc
e,SOE,CUSAT 6
Mi
cros
oftPa
ll
adi
um

Pa
ll
adi
umwi
thc
los
eds
phe
resoft
rus
t
Fi
g2.
1

à"Palladium" is an opt-in system.

"
Pal
la
dium" i
sen
tir
elya
n opt
-i
nsol
uti
on;s
yst
ems wi
lls
hip wi
tht
he
"
Pal
la
dium"h
ardwa
rea
nds
oft
war
efe
atur
est
urn
edof
f.Th
eus
eroft
hes
yst
emc
anc
hoos
eto
s
impl
yst
aywi
tht
hisde
faul
tse
tti
ng,l
eavi
nga
ll"
Pal
la
dium"
-re
lat
edc
apa
bil
it
ies(
har
dwa
rea
nd
s
oft
war
e)di
sabl
ed.

Pa
lla
dium mus
tbehi
ghl
yre
sis
tan
ttos
oft
war
eat
tac
ks(
suc
hasTr
oja
nhor
se
vi
rus
es)
,an
dmus
tpr
ovi
deus
erswi
tht
hei
nte
gri
tyofapr
ote
cte
d,e
nd-
to-
ends
yst
ema
cros
s
n
etwor
ks.

Di
vis
ionofComput
erSc
ienc
e,SOE,CUSAT 7
Mi
cros
oftPa
ll
adi
um

Pa
ll
adi
uma
sanopt
-i
nsy
ste
m
Fi
g2.
2

Pa
lla
dium pr
ovi
desat
rus
tedpr
oce
ssi
nge
nvi
ronme
nt.Tr
ust
edc
oder
unsi
n
me
mor
yth
ati
sphy
sic
all
yis
ola
ted,pr
ote
cte
d,a
ndi
nac
ces
sibl
etot
her
estoft
hes
yst
em,ma
king
i
tinh
ere
ntl
yimpe
rvi
oust
ovi
rus
es,s
py-
war
e,orot
hers
oft
war
eat
tac
ks.Wi
thr
espe
ctt
ovi
rus
es,
t
hec
ont
ri
but
ionf
romPa
lla
dium i
sfa
irl
yst
rai
ght
for
war
d.Si
ncePa
lla
diumdoe
snoti
nte
rfe
rewi
th
t
he ope
rat
ion ofa
ny pr
ogr
amr
unni
ng i
nth
ere
gul
arWi
ndowse
nvi
ronme
nt,e
ver
ythi
ng,
i
ncl
udi
ngt
hen
ati
veOSa
ndvi
rus
es,r
unst
her
easi
tdoe
stoda
y.Soa
nti
vir
usmoni
tor
inga
nd
de
tec
ti
ons
oft
war
einWi
ndowswi
lls
ti
llb
ene
ede
d.Howe
ver
,Pa
ll
adi
um doe
spr
ovi
dea
nti
vir
us

Di
vis
ionofComput
erSc
ienc
e,SOE,CUSAT 8
Mi
cros
oftPa
ll
adi
um

s
oft
war
ewi
thas
ecur
eex
ecut
ione
nvi
ronme
ntt
hatc
ann
otb
ecor
rup
tedbyi
nfe
cte
dcode
,soa
n
a
nti
vir
uspr
ogr
amb
uil
tont
opofaPa
lla
dium a
ppl
ic
ati
onc
oul
dgua
ran
teet
hati
tha
sn'
tbe
en
c
orr
upt
ed.Thi
sgr
oun
dingoft
hea
nti
vir
uss
oft
war
eal
lowsi
ttob
oot
st
rapi
ts
elfi
ntoagua
ran
tee
d
e
xec
uti
ons
tat
e,s
ome
thi
ngi
tca
n'td
otoda
y.

On
eoft
heke
yPa
lla
dium b
uil
dingbl
ocksi
s"a
uth
ent
ic
ate
dope
rat
ion
".I
fa
b
anki
nga
ppl
ic
ati
oni
stob
etr
ust
edt
ope
rfor
mana
cti
on,i
tisi
mpor
tan
tth
att
heb
anki
ng
a
ppl
ic
ati
onh
asn
otb
eens
ubv
ert
ed.I
tisa
lsoi
mpor
tan
tth
atb
anki
ngda
tac
anonl
ybea
cce
sse
d
bya
ppl
ic
ati
onst
hatha
veb
eeni
den
tif
ieda
str
ust
edt
ore
adt
hatda
ta."
Pal
la
dium"s
yst
ems
pr
ovi
det
hisc
apa
bil
it
yth
roughame
cha
nis
mca
lle
dse
ale
dst
ora
ge.

An
oth
erc
apa
bil
it
y pr
ovi
ded by a
uth
ent
ic
ate
d ope
rat
ion i
sat
tes
tat
ion
.
"
Pal
la
dium"wi
lla
ll
owab
ankt
oac
cepton
lyt
ran
sac
ti
onsi
nit
iat
edbyt
heus
era
ndt
hata
ren
ot
vi
rus
esorot
herun
known ma
chi
neson t
heI
nte
rne
t.Be
caus
e"Pa
lla
dium"s
oft
war
eand
h
ardwa
rei
scr
ypt
ogr
aphi
cal
lyve
rif
iabl
etot
heu
sera
ndt
oot
herc
omput
ers
,pr
ogr
amsa
nd
s
ervi
ces
,th
esy
ste
mca
nve
rif
yth
atot
herc
omput
ersa
ndpr
oce
sse
sar
etr
ust
wor
thyb
efor
e
e
nga
gingt
hemors
har
ingi
nfor
mat
ion
.Us
erst
her
efor
eca
nbec
onf
ide
ntt
hatt
hei
rin
ten
tionsa
re
pr
ope
rlyr
epr
ese
nte
dan
dca
rri
edout
,asi
ll
ust
rat
edi
nFi
gur
e3.Mor
eov
er,t
hes
our
cec
odef
or
t
heope
rat
ings
yst
em'
scr
it
ica
lne
xuswi
llbepubl
is
heda
ndva
li
dat
edbyt
hir
dpa
rti
es.

Fi
nal
ly,i
nte
rac
ti
onwi
tht
hec
omput
eri
ts
elfi
str
ust
ed."
Pal
la
dium"
-spe
cif
ic
h
ardwa
repr
ovi
desapr
ote
cte
dpa
thwa
yfr
om ke
yboa
rdt
omoni
tor
,an
dke
yst
roke
sca
nnotb
e
s
noope
dors
poof
ed,e
venbyma
lic
iousde
vic
edr
ive
rs.

à "Palladium" data security features will make a Windows-based

device a trustworthy environment for any data.

Th
e"Pa
lla
dium"s
yst
emi
sar
chi
te
cte
dwi
ths
ecur
it
yan
din
tegr
it
yasi
tspr
ima
ry
de
signgoa
ls.Tr
ust
edc
odec
ann
otb
eob
ser
vedormodi
fi
edwh
enr
unni
ngi
nth
etr
ust
ede
xec
uti
on
s
pac
e.Fi
le
sar
een
cry
pte
dwi
thma
chi
ne-
spe
cif
ics
ecr
ets
,ma
kingt
hem us
ele
ssi
fst
ole
nor

Di
vis
ionofComput
erSc
ienc
e,SOE,CUSAT 9
Mi
cros
oftPa
ll
adi
um

s
urr
ept
it
ious
lyc
opi
ed.I
naddi
ti
on, ma
chi
ne-
spe
cif
ics
yst
em s
ecr
etsa
re phy
sic
all
yan
d
c
rypt
ogr
aphi
cal
lyl
ocke
d(t
he ma
chi
ne'
spr
iva
te ke
yise
mbe
dde
dinh
ardwa
rea
nd ne
ver
e
xpos
ed)
,an
dth
etr
ust
edh
ardwa
rea
rchi
te
ctur
e pr
eve
ntss
noopi
ng,s
poof
ing a
nd da
ta
i
nte
rce
pti
on.Cor
esy
ste
mse
cre
tsa
res
tor
edi
nha
rdwa
re,wh
eren
osof
twa
rea
tta
ckc
anr
eve
al
t
hem.Ev
eni
fex
pos
edbyas
ophi
st
ica
tedh
ardwa
rea
tta
ck,t
hec
ores
yst
ems
ecr
etsa
reon
ly
a
ppl
ic
abl
etoda
taont
hec
ompr
omi
seds
yst
ema
ndc
ann
otb
eus
edt
ode
vel
opwi
del
yde
ploy
abl
e
h
acks
.Fi
nal
ly,ac
ompr
omi
seds
yst
emc
anl
ike
lyb
espot
tedbyI
Tma
nage
rs,s
ervi
cepr
ovi
der
s
a
ndot
hers
yst
ems
,an
dth
ene
xcl
ude
d.

àA "Palladium" system will be open at all levels.

"
Pal
la
dium"h
ardwa
rewi
llr
una
nyn
exus
.Somepl
atf
ormsma
yal
low aus
ert
o
r
est
ri
ctt
hen
exus
est
hata
rea
ll
owe
dtor
un,b
utt
heus
erwi
lls
ti
llb
einf
ullc
ont
roloft
hispol
ic
y.
Th
e"Pa
lla
dium"TOR wi
lla
lsor
unt
rus
teda
gen
tsf
rom a
nypubl
is
her
.Aga
in,t
heus
erma
y
c
hoos
etor
est
ri
ctt
het
rus
teda
gen
tst
hatr
unont
hes
yst
em,b
utt
heus
erwi
llr
ema
ini
nful
lcon
trol
oft
hispol
ic
y.Th
e"Pa
ll
adi
um"n
exuswi
llwor
kwi
tha
nyne
twor
kse
rvi
cepr
ovi
deroft
heus
er'
s
c
hoos
ing.

Di
vis
ionofComput
erSc
ienc
e,SOE,CUSAT 10
Mi
cros
oftPa
ll
adi
um

2. CORE PRINCIPLES OF PALLADIUM

"
Pal
la
dium"c
ompr
ise
stwoke
ycompon
ent
s:h
ardwa
rea
nds
oft
war
e.

2.
1HARDWARECOMPONENTS

En
gine
ere
dfore
nsur
ingt
hepr
ote
cte
dex
ecut
ionofa
ppl
ic
ati
onsa
ndpr
oce
sse
s,
t
hepr
ote
cte
dope
rat
inge
nvi
ronme
ntpr
ovi
dest
hef
oll
owi
ngb
asi
cme
cha
nis
ms:

2.
1.1 TRUSTED SPACE:- Th
eex
ecut
ions
pac
eispr
ote
cte
dfr
om e
xte
rna
lsof
twa
rea
tta
cks
s
ucha
savi
rus
.Tr
ust
eds
pac
eiss
etupa
ndma
int
ain
edbyt
hene
xusa
ndh
asa
cce
sst
o
v
ari
ouss
ervi
cespr
ovi
dedby"
Pal
la
dium,
"suc
hass
eal
eds
tor
age
.

2.
1.2 SEALED STORAGE :- Se
ale
dst
ora
gei
sana
uth
ent
ic
ate
dme
cha
nis
mth
ata
ll
owsa
pr
ogr
amt
ost
ores
ecr
etst
hatc
ann
otb
ere
tri
eve
dbyn
ont
rus
tedpr
ogr
amss
ucha
savi
rus
orTr
oja
nhor
se.I
nfor
mat
ion i
nse
ale
dst
ora
gec
ann
otb
ere
ad byot
hern
ont
rus
ted
pr
ogr
ams
.(Se
ale
dst
ora
gec
ann
otb
ere
adbyun
aut
hor
ize
dse
cur
epr
ogr
ams
,fort
hat
ma
tte
r,a
ndc
ann
otb
ere
ade
veni
fan
oth
erope
rat
ings
yst
emi
sboot
edort
hedi
ski
s
c
arr
iedt
oan
oth
erma
chi
ne.
)Th
eses
tor
eds
ecr
etsc
anb
eti
edt
oth
ema
chi
ne,t
hen
exusor
t
hea
ppl
ic
ati
on.Mi
cros
oftwi
lla
lsopr
ovi
deme
cha
nis
msf
ort
hes
afea
ndc
ont
rol
le
d
b
ackupa
ndmi
gra
tionofs
ecr
etst
oot
herma
chi
nes
.

2.
1.3 ATTESTATI
ON :- At
tes
tat
ioni
same
cha
nis
mth
ata
ll
owst
heus
ert
ore
vea
lse
lec
ted
c
har
act
eri
st
ics oft
he ope
rat
inge
nvi
ronme
ntt
oex
ter
nalr
eque
stor
s.Fore
xampl
e,
a
tte
sta
ti
on c
an beus
edt
ove
rif
yth
att
hec
omput
eri
srunni
ng a v
ali
dve
rsi
on of
"
Pal
la
dium.
"

Di
vis
ionofComput
erSc
ienc
e,SOE,CUSAT 11
Mi
cros
oftPa
ll
adi
um

2.
2SOFTWARECOMPONENTS

Th
epl
atf
ormi
mpl
eme
ntst
hes
etr
ust
edpr
imi
ti
vesi
nanope
n,pr
ogr
amma
ble
wa
ytot
hir
dpa
rti
es.Th
epl
atf
ormc
ons
ist
soft
hef
oll
owi
nge
leme
nts
:

2.
2.1 NEXUS:- (
ate
chn
ologyf
orme
rlyr
efe
rre
dtoa
sth
e"Tr
ust
edOpe
rat
ingRoot(
TOR)
".
Th
ecompone
nti
nMi
cros
oftWi
ndowst
hatma
nage
str
ustf
unc
ti
ona
li
tyf
or"
Pal
la
dium"
us
er-
modepr
oce
sse
s(a
gen
ts)
.Th
ene
xuse
xec
ute
sinke
rne
lmodei
nth
etr
ust
eds
pac
e.I
t
pr
ovi
desba
sics
ervi
cest
otr
ust
eda
gen
ts,s
ucha
sth
ees
tabl
is
hme
ntoft
hepr
oce
ss
me
cha
nis
msf
orc
ommuni
cat
ingwi
tht
rus
ted a
gen
tsa
ndot
hera
ppl
ic
ati
ons
,an
dspe
cia
l
t
rus
tse
rvi
cess
ucha
sat
tes
tat
ionofr
eque
stsa
ndt
hes
eal
inga
nduns
eal
ingofs
ecr
ets
.

2.
2.2 TRUSTED AGENT:- A t
rus
teda
gen
tisapr
ogr
am,apa
rtofapr
ogr
am,oras
ervi
ce
t
hatr
unsi
nus
ermodei
nth
etr
ust
eds
pac
e.At
rus
teda
gen
tca
llst
hen
exusf
ors
ecur
it
y-
r
ela
teds
ervi
cesa
ndc
rit
ica
lge
ner
als
ervi
cess
ucha
sme
mor
yma
nage
men
t.A t
rus
ted
a
gen
tisa
blet
ost
ores
ecr
etsus
ings
eal
eds
tor
agea
nda
uth
ent
ica
tesi
ts
elfus
ingt
he
a
tte
sta
ti
ons
ervi
cesoft
hene
xus
.On
eoft
hema
inpr
inc
ipl
esoft
rus
teda
gen
tsi
sth
att
hey
c
anbet
rus
tedorn
ott
rus
tedbymul
ti
plee
nti
ti
es,s
ucha
sth
eus
er,a
nITde
par
tme
nt,a
me
rch
antorav
endor
.Ea
cht
rus
teda
gen
tore
nti
ty on
trol
sit
sowns
phe
reoft
rus
t,a
nd
t
heyn
eedn
ott
rus
torr
elyone
achot
her
.

Toge
the
r,t
hen
exusa
ndt
rus
teda
gen
tspr
ovi
det
hef
oll
owi
ngf
eat
ure
s:

• Tr
ust
edda
tas
tor
age
,en
cry
pti
ons
ervi
cesf
ora
ppl
ic
ati
onst
oen
sur
e
da
tai
nte
gri
tya
ndpr
ote
cti
on

Di
vis
ionofComput
erSc
ienc
e,SOE,CUSAT 12
Mi
cros
oftPa
ll
adi
um

• Aut
hen
tic
ate
dboot
,fa
cil
it
iest
oen
abl
eha
rdwa
rea
nds
oft
war
eto
a
uth
ent
ica
tei
ts
elf

Fr
om t
hepe
rspe
cti
veofpr
iva
cy(
anda
nti
-vi
ruspr
ote
cti
on)
,on
eoft
heke
y
b
ene
fit
sof"
Pal
la
dium"i
sth
eabi
li
tyf
orus
erst
oef
fec
tiv
elyde
lega
tec
ert
if
ica
ti
onofc
ode
.
Any
onec
anc
ert
if
y"Pa
lla
dium"h
ardwa
reors
oft
war
e,a
ndi
tise
xpe
cte
dth
atma
nyc
ompa
nie
s
a
ndor
gani
zat
ionswi
llof
fert
hiss
ervi
ce.Al
lowi
ngmul
ti
plepa
rti
est
oin
depe
nde
ntl
yev
alua
tea
nd
c
ert
if
y"Pa
lla
dium"
-ca
pabl
esy
ste
msme
anst
hatus
erswi
llb
eabl
etoob
tai
nve
rif
ica
ti
onoft
he
s
yst
em'
sope
rat
ionf
rom or
gani
zat
ion
sth
att
heyt
rus
t.I
naddi
ti
on,t
hiswi
llf
ormt
heba
sisf
ora
s
tron
gbus
ine
ssi
nce
nti
vet
opr
ese
rvea
nde
nha
ncepr
iva
cya
nds
ecur
it
y.Mor
eov
er,"
Pal
la
dium"
a
ll
owsa
nynumbe
roft
rus
tedi
nte
rna
lore
xte
rna
len
tit
ie
stoi
nte
rac
twi
that
rus
tedc
ompon
entor
t
rus
tedpl
at
for
m. Th
eini
ti
alv
ers
ionofPa
lla
dium wi
llr
equi
rec
han
gest
ofi
vepa
rtsoft
hePC'
s
h
ardwa
re.Ch
ange
swi
llber
equi
redt
oth
eCPU,t
hec
hips
et(
ont
hemot
her
boa
rd)
,th
ein
put
de
vic
es(
e.g.ke
yboa
rd)
,an
dth
evi
deoou
tpu
tde
vic
es(
gra
phi
cspr
oce
ssor
).I
naddi
ti
on,an
ew
c
ompon
entmus
tbe a
dde
d:a t
ampe
r-r
esi
st
ants
ecur
ecr
ypt
ogr
aphi
cco-
proc
ess
or,whi
ch
Mi
cros
oftc
all
sSCPorSPP

• Al
thought
heSCPi
sta
mpe
r-r
esi
st
ant
,iti
sli
kel
yth
atas
kil
le
dat
tac
kerwi
thphy
sic
al
a
cce
sst
oth
eins
ideofaPa
lla
dium PCc
ans
ti
llc
ompr
omi
sei
tors
ubve
rti
tspol
ic
iesi
n
s
omewa
y.

• Soi
tispos
sibl
eth
ata
nat
tac
kerwi
thphy
sic
ala
cce
ssc
ans
ti
llc
ompr
omi
set
hes
yst
em,
e
vent
hought
heSCPi
sme
antt
obet
ampe
r-r
esi
st
ant
,pa
rtl
ybe
caus
eot
herc
ompon
ent
s
(
li
keRAM)a
rel
essr
obus
taga
ins
tmodi
fi
cat
ion
.Pa
ll
adi
um pr
ima
ril
yde
fen
dse
ffe
cti
vel
y
a
gai
nstt
woc
las
sesofa
tta
cks
:(1)r
emot
ene
twor
kmoun
teda
tta
cks(
buf
ferov
erf
lowsa
nd
ot
herpr
ogr
ammi
ngf
laws
,ma
lic
iousmobi
lec
ode
,et
c.)
,be
caus
eev
eni
fsomema
lic
ious
c
odei
sins
tal
le
dinon
epa
rtoft
hes
yst
em,i
tst
il
lca
n'te
ffe
cti
vel
ysubv
ertt
hepol
ic
yof
a
not
herpa
rtoft
hes
yst
em,a
nd(
2)l
oca
lsof
twa
re-
bas
eda
tta
cks
,in
cludi
ngt
hingsl
ike
us
ingade
bugge
rtot
ryt
ore
adapr
ogr
am'
sin
ter
nals
tat
ewhi
lei
t'
sex
ecut
ingort
otr
yto
s
ubve
rti
tspol
ic
y.Th
us,Pa
ll
adi
um c
anpr
oba
blygua
ran
teet
haty
ou c
an'
twr
it
eor

Di
vis
ionofComput
erSc
ienc
e,SOE,CUSAT 13
Mi
cros
oftPa
ll
adi
um

downl
oada
nys
oft
war
e(a
ndn
obodye
lsec
anwr
it
eorupl
oadt
oyoua
nys
oft
war
e)whi
ch
woul
dcompr
omi
set
hepol
ic
yofs
oft
war
erunni
ng l
oca
llywhi
chi
sma
king us
eof
Pa
ll
adi
umt
rus
tfe
atur
es.

• Pa
ll
adi
um'
sch
ange
stot
heCPU a
ll
ow i
ttob
epl
ace
din
toan
ew modewh
erec
ert
ain
a
rea
sofme
mor
yar
ere
str
ict
edvi
aat
echni
quec
all
ed"
codec
urt
aini
ng"t
oanul
tr
a-
pr
ivi
le
gedpi
eceofc
odec
all
edt
he"
nub"or"
TOR"
.("
Nub
"ist
hePa
lla
dium t
eam'
ste
rm
f
ort
hisc
ode
,an
d"TOR"
,for"
Trus
tedOpe
rat
ingRoot
",i
sth
eof
fi
ci
alpubl
ict
erm.
)Th
e
n
ubi
saki
ndoft
rus
tedme
mor
yma
nage
r,whi
chr
unswi
thmor
epr
ivi
le
get
hana
n
ope
rat
ings
yst
emke
rne
l.Th
enuba
lsoma
nage
sac
ces
stot
heSCP.

• Th
eSCPi
san8-
bitt
ampe
r-r
esi
st
antc
rypt
ogr
aphi
csma
rt-
car
dwhi
chc
ont
ainsuni
que
ke
ys,i
ncl
udi
ngpubl
icke
ypa
irs(
2048-
bitRSA)
,an
dsymme
tri
cke
ysf
orAESi
nCBC
mode
.Th
eseke
ysa
reuni
quepe
rma
chi
nea
ndt
heSCPd
oesn
otr
eve
alt
hemt
oany
thi
ng
ou
tsi
det
heSCP'
sse
cur
it
ype
rime
ter
.Ita
lsoc
ont
ain
sav
ari
etyofot
herc
rypt
ogr
aphi
c
f
unc
tion
ali
ty,i
ncl
udi
ngSHA-
1,RSA,AES,a
ndot
herc
iphe
rimpl
eme
nta
ti
ons
,as
mal
l
a
moun
tofme
mor
y,a
nd a mon
oton
e c
oun
ter
.Th
eSCP c
an do a n
umbe
rof
c
rypt
ogr
aphi
cpr
otoc
ols
.Ita
lsoc
ont
ain
sat
hingc
all
edaPCR.(
Ithi
nkt
hats
tan
dsf
or
"
pla
tfor
mconf
igur
ati
onr
egi
st
er"
.)

• Wh
eny
ouwa
ntt
ost
artaPa
ll
adi
um PCi
ntr
ust
edmode(
not
eth
ati
tdoe
snthave t
' ost
art
i
ntr
ust
edmode
,an
d,f
rom wha
tMi
cros
ofts
aid,i
tsoun
dsl
ikey
ouc
oul
dev
eni
magi
ne
b
oot
ingt
hes
ameOSi
nei
the
rtr
ust
edorun
trus
tedmode
,ba
sedonaus
er'
sch
oic
eatb
oot
t
ime
),t
hes
yst
emh
ardwa
repe
rfor
mswh
at'
sca
ll
eda
n"a
uth
ent
ic
ate
dboot
",i
nwhi
cht
he
s
yst
emi
spl
ace
dinakn
owns
tat
ean
dan
ubi
sloa
ded.Ah
ash(
Ithi
nki
t'
sSHA-
1)i
sta
ken
oft
hen
ubwhi
chwa
sjus
tloa
ded,a
ndt
he160-
bitha
shi
sst
ore
dun
alt
era
blyi
nth
ePCR,
a
ndr
ema
inst
her
efora
slon
gast
hes
yst
emc
ont
inue
stoope
rat
eint
rus
tedmode
.Th
en
t
heope
rat
ings
yst
em ke
rne
lca
nboot
,butt
heke
ytot
het
rus
tint
hes
yst
emi
sthe

Di
vis
ionofComput
erSc
ienc
e,SOE,CUSAT 14
Mi
cros
oftPa
ll
adi
um

a
uth
ent
ica
tionoft
hen
ub.Asl
onga
sth
esy
ste
misup,t
heSCPkn
owse
xac
tlywhi
chn
ub
i
scur
ren
tlyr
unni
ng;be
caus
eoft
hewa
yth
eCPU wor
ks,i
tisn
otp
oss
ibl
efora
nyot
her
s
oft
war
etomodi
fyt
hen
ubori
tsme
mor
yors
ubv
ertt
hen
ub'
spol
ic
ies
.Then
ubi
sin
s
omes
ens
einc
har
geoft
hes
yst
ema
tal
ow l
eve
l,b
uti
tdoe
sn'
tus
ual
lydot
hin
gswhi
ch
ot
hers
oft
war
ewoul
dnot
ic
eunl
essi
t'
sas
kedt
o.

• Th
enubi
nte
rfa
ceswi
thot
hers
oft
war
eont
hes
yst
em byme
ansofpr
ogr
ams(
out
si
det
he
n
ub)c
all
edt
rus
teda
gen
ts(
orTAs
).Th
eTAsc
ani
mpl
eme
nts
ophi
st
ica
tedpol
ic
iesa
nd
a
uth
ent
ica
tionme
thods
,wh
eret
hen
ub(
andSCP)j
usti
mpl
eme
ntf
air
lys
impl
epr
imi
ti
ves
.
ATAc
ana
lsoc
ommuni
cat
ewi
thus
er-
spa
cepr
ogr
ams(
atl
eas
t,t
hatwi
llbeaf
eat
ureof
Mi
cros
oft
'
snub;ot
herpe
opl
eca
nwr
it
eth
eirownn
ubswhi
chc
ans
uppor
tdi
ff
ere
ntki
nds
ofTAsore
vendowi
thoutTAse
nti
rel
y).Th
eTAsa
repr
ote
cte
dbyh
ardwa
ref
rom on
e
a
not
hera
ndf
romt
her
estoft
hes
yst
em.

• Ev
enPCIDMAc
an'
tre
adorwr
it
eme
mor
ywhi
chh
asb
eenr
ese
rve
dtoan
ub'
sorTA'
s
us
e(i
ncl
udi
ngt
hen
ub'
sorTA'
scode
).Thi
sme
mor
yisc
ompl
ete
lyi
nac
ces
sibl
ean
dca
n
onl
ybea
cce
sse
dindi
rec
tlyt
hrough APIc
all
s.Th
echi
pse
ton t
hemot
her
boa
rdi
s
modi
fi
edt
oenf
orc
est
hiss
ortofr
est
ri
ct
ion
.

• Th
eSCPpr
ovi
desaf
eat
urec
all
ed"
sea
leds
tor
age
"byme
ansoft
woAPIc
all
s(c
all
ed
SEALa
ndUNSEAL)
.IfaTAr
unni
ngonas
yst
emi
ntr
ust
edmodewa
ntst
ous
ese
ale
d
s
tor
age
,itc
anc
alli
ntot
heAPI
simpl
eme
nte
dint
hen
ub.

• Se
ale
dst
ora
gei
simpl
eme
nte
dbyme
ansofe
ncr
ypt
ion(
sea
ling)orde
cry
pti
on(
uns
eal
ing)
wi
thas
ymme
tri
cci
phe
rWhe
nth
eSCPi
sgi
venda
tat
ose
al,i
t'
sgi
vent
woa
rgume
nts
:th
e
da
tai
ts
elfa
nda160-
bit"
nubi
den
tif
ier
"

• Se
ali
ngi
spe
rfor
medbypr
epe
ndi
ngt
hen
ubi
den
tif
iert
oth
eda
tat
obes
eal
ed,a
ndt
hen
e
ncr
ypt
ingt
her
esul
twi
thapr
iva
tes
ymme
tri
cke
y--t
he"
pla
tfor
m-s
pec
ifi
cke
y",whi
ch

Di
vis
ionofComput
erSc
ienc
e,SOE,CUSAT 15
Mi
cros
oftPa
ll
adi
um

v
ari
esf
rom ma
chi
net
oma
chi
nea
ndi
sse
cre
t.Th
atke
yiske
ptwi
thi
ntheSCPa
ndi
sa
uni
quei
den
tif
ierf
ort
hema
chi
newhi
chpe
rfor
medt
hes
eal
ingope
rat
ion

• Th
eSCP a
ctua
llya
lso pr
epe
ndsar
andom n
onc
etot
heda
tat
obes
eal
ed be
for
e
e
ncr
ypt
ion(
anddi
sca
rdst
hen
onc
euponde
cry
pti
on)
.Thi
sisac
leve
rpr
iva
cyf
eat
ure
whi
chpr
eve
ntss
ome
onef
rom c
rea
tin
gana
ppl
ic
ati
onwhi
ch"
cooki
esy
ou"byr
ecor
din
g
t
heou
tpu
tofs
eal
inga
nempt
yst
ri
ng(
andt
henus
ingt
her
esul
tasape
rsi
st
entuni
que
i
den
tif
ierf
ory
ourma
chi
ne)
.Apr
ogr
am whi
cht
ri
edt
o"c
ooki
eyou"t
hiswa
ywoul
dfi
nd
t
hat
,be
caus
eoft
her
andom n
onc
e,t
her
esul
tofs
eal
ingagi
vens
tri
ngi
scons
tan
tly
c
ompl
ete
lydi
ff
ere
nt,a
ndn
ous
efuli
nfor
mat
iona
boutt
hei
den
tit
yoft
hema
chi
nei
s
r
eve
ale
dbyt
hes
eal
ingope
rat
ion
.

• Af
tere
ncr
ypt
ion
,th
eSCPr
etur
nst
hee
ncr
ypt
edr
esul
tast
her
etur
n
v
alueoft
heSEALope
rat
ion
.

• Wh
ena
nSCPi
sgi
vene
ncr
ypt
edda
tat
oUNSEAL,i
tin
ter
nal
lya
tte
mpt
stode
cry
ptt
he
e
ncr
ypt
edda
taus
ingi
tspl
atf
orm-
spe
cif
icke
y.Thi
sme
anst
hat
,ift
hee
ncr
ypt
edda
tawa
s
or
igi
nal
lys
eal
ed on adi
ff
ere
ntma
chi
ne,t
heUNSEAL ope
rat
ion wi
llf
ailout
ri
ght
i
mme
dia
tel
y.(
Youc
an'
tta
keas
eal
edf
il
ean
dtr
ans
feri
ttoa
not
herma
chi
nea
ndun
sea
lit
t
her
e;b
eca
uset
hepl
atf
orm-
spe
cif
icke
yis
us
edf
ore
ncr
ypt
iona
ndde
cry
pti
on,a
ndc
an'
tbee
xtr
act
edf
rom t
heSCP,y
ouc
anonl
y
UNSEALda
taont
hes
amema
chi
neonwhi
chi
twa
sor
igi
nal
lySEALe
d.)

• I
fth
ede
cry
pti
oni
ssuc
ces
sful
,th
eSCPpe
rfor
msas
econ
dch
eck:i
tex
ami
nest
hen
ub
i
den
tif
ierwhi
chr
esi
deswi
thi
nth
ede
cry
pte
dda
ta.Th
enubi
den
tif
ierwa
sspe
cif
ieda
tth
e
t
imet
heda
tawa
sor
igi
nal
lySEALe
d,a
ndi
ndi
cat
eswhi
chn
ubi
sal
lowe
dtor
ece
ivet
he
de
cry
pte
dda
ta.I
fth
enubi
den
tif
ierf
ort
hede
cry
pte
dda
tai
side
nti
calt
oth
enubi
den
tif
ier
whi
chi
scur
ren
tlys
tor
edi
nthePCR(
whi
chi
sth
eSHA-
1ha
shoft
hec
urr
ent
ly-
runni
ng
n
ubont
hema
chi
nea
tth
emome
ntUNSEALwa
sca
ll
ed)
,th
eUNSEALi
ssuc
ces
sfula
nd
t
hede
cry
pte
dda
tai
sre
tur
nedt
oth
eca
ll
ingn
ub.Howe
ver
,ift
hen
ubi
den
tif
ierdoe
snot

Di
vis
ionofComput
erSc
ienc
e,SOE,CUSAT 16
Mi
cros
oftPa
ll
adi
um

ma
tcht
hec
ont
ent
soft
hePCR,t
heSCPc
onc
lude
sth
att
hen
ubwhi
chi
scur
ren
tlyr
unni
ng
i
snote
nti
tl
edt
ore
cei
vet
hisda
ta,a
nddi
sca
rdsi
t.

• Th
us,s
eal
i sspecific to a physical machine a
ngi nda
lsospecific to a nub.Da
tas
eal
edon
on
ema
chi
nef
orapa
rti
cul
arn
ubc
ann
otb
ede
cry
pte
donadi
ff
ere
ntma
chi
neorun
dera
di
ff
ere
ntn
ub.Ana
ppl
ica
ti
onwhi
cht
rus
tsapa
rti
cul
arn
ub(
andi
srunni
ngun
dert
hatn
ub)
c
ans
eali
mpor
tan
tse
cre
tda
taa
ndt
hens
tor
eth
ere
sul
ti
ngs
eal
edda
tas
afe
lyona
n
un
trus
tedh
arddr
ive
,ore
vens
endi
tov
eran
etwor
k.

• I
fyour
eboott
hema
chi
neun
derade
bugge
r,t
her
eisn
ote
chni
calpr
obl
em,a
ndy
ouc
an
de
bugt
hes
oft
war
ewhi
chc
rea
tedt
hee
ncr
ypt
edf
il
e.Howe
ver
,si
ncey
oua
ren'
trunni
ng
t
hepr
ope
r(n
ode
bugge
r-f
ri
endl
y)n
ub,t
hede
bugge
rwi
llwor
k,b
utt
heUNSEALc
all
won
't
.Th
eSCPwi
llr
ece
ivet
heUNSEALc
all
,exa
minet
hePCR,a
ndc
onc
ludet
hatt
he
c
urr
ent
ly-
runni
ngn
ubi
snotc
lea
red(
sot
ospe
ak)t
ore
cei
vet
hes
eal
edda
ta.You
r
a
ppl
ic
ati
onsc
anonl
yde
cry
pts
eal
edda
tai
fth
eya
rer
unni
ngunder the same machine
a
ndunder the same software environment wi
thi
nwhi
cht
heyor
igi
nal
lys
eal
edt
hatda
ta!

• Thi
sisr
ema
rka
blyc
lev
er.Wh
eny
oua
rer
unni
ngun
derat
rus
tedn
ub,y
oura
ppl
ic
ati
ons
c
anus
eth
eSCPt
ode
cry
pta
ndpr
oce
ssda
ta,b
uty
ouc
an'
truns
oft
war
ewhi
chs
ubve
rtsa
TA'
spol
icy(
bec
aus
eth
enubwi
lln
otpe
rmi
tth
epol
ic
ytob
esubv
ert
ed)
.

• Wh
eny
oua
ren
otr
unni
ngun
derat
rus
tedn
ub,youc
anr
uns
oft
war
ewhi
chs
ubv
ert
sa
TA'
spol
ic
y(b
eca
uset
hen
ubi
sn'
tabl
etopr
eve
nti
t)
,buty
oura
ppl
ic
ati
onswi
lln
o
l
onge
rbea
blet
ode
cry
pta
nys
eal
edda
ta,b
eca
uset
heSCPwon'
tbewi
ll
ingt
ope
rfor
m
t
hede
cry
pti
on.

• Th
erei
sal
ongdi
scus
sionofh
ow y
ouc
anma
keab
ackup,orupgr
adey
ours
yst
em,or
mi
gra
tey
ours
oft
war
ean
dda
tat
oan
ews
yst
em,e
tc.Th
ede
faul
twi
ths
eal
eds
tor
agei
s
t
hata
nys
eal
edda
tawi
llb
eun
usa
blewhe
nmi
gra
tedt
oan
ews
yst
em.TheMi
cros
oftn
ub
pr
ovi
deswr
appe
rsa
roun
dth
eSCP'
sse
ali
ngf
eat
ure
swhi
cha
ll
ow t
hes
oft
war
ewhi
ch

Di
vis
ionofComput
erSc
ienc
e,SOE,CUSAT 17
Mi
cros
oftPa
ll
adi
um

pe
rfor
mst
hes
eal
ingope
rat
iont
ospe
cif
yami
gra
ti
onpol
ic
yatt
het
imet
hes
eal
ing
ope
rat
ioni
sor
igi
nal
lype
rfor
med.Th
emi
gra
ti
onpol
icyc
anb
e(a
ppr
oxi
mat
ely
)on
eoft
he
f
oll
owi
ng,a
tth
esof
twa
re'
ssol
eop
tion
:(1)Mi
gra
ti
oni
spr
eve
nte
den
tir
ely
,an
dth
eda
ta
mus
tdi
ewi
tht
hec
urr
entPCwh
erei
twa
scr
eat
ed.(
2)Mi
gra
ti
oni
spe
rmi
tt
edupons
ome
ki
nd
ofa
uth
ent
ica
tionbyal
oca
lus
er(
e.g.apa
sswor
d)whi
chwi
llde
cry
ptorc
omma
ndt
he
de
cry
pti
onofda
tat
empor
ari
lyi
nor
dert
ope
rmi
titt
obemi
gra
ted.(
3)Mi
gra
tioni
s
pe
rmi
tt
edwi
tht
hea
ssi
st
anc
ean
dcon
sen
tofa3r
dpa
rty.

• Pa
ll
adi
um'
smodi
fi
cat
ion
stoi
nputa
ndout
puth
ard
war
ewi
llpr
eve
nts
oft
war
efr
omdoi
ng
c
ert
ainki
ndsofmoni
tor
inga
nds
poof
ing,a
swe
lla
s"s
cre
ens
cra
ping"
.A pr
ogr
am wi
ll
b
eabl
etoa
skPa
ll
adi
umt
odi
spl
ayadi
al
ogb
oxwhi
chc
an'
tbe"
obs
cur
ed"or"
obs
erv
ed"
byot
hers
oft
war
e,a
ndPa
ll
adi
um h
ardwa
rec
ane
nfor
cet
hes
econ
dit
ion
s.An
dth
erei
sa
wa
ytob
esur
eth
ati
nputi
scomi
ngf
rom aphy
sic
ali
nputde
vic
ean
dnots
poof
edby
a
not
herpr
ogr
am.

• Th
ese
cur
eout
putf
eat
ure
sal
sope
rmi
t,e
.g.
,aDVD pl
aye
rpr
ogr
amt
opr
eve
ntot
her
s
oft
war
efr
om ma
kings
cre
enc
apt
ure
s.Th
eini
ti
alv
ers
ionofPa
ll
adi
um doe
snotc
ont
rol
a
udi
oou
tpu
tint
hiswa
y,s
oyouc
ans
ti
llr
ecor
dal
lsoun
dou
tpu
tvi
asome
thi
ngl
ike
Tot
al
Rec
orde
r.

• I
npr
inc
ipl
e,n
uba
ndke
rne
lar
einde
pen
den
t,s
oan
on-
Mic
ros
oftke
rne
lcoul
drunona
Mi
cros
oftn
ub,orvi
ceve
rsa
.Pa
ten
tan
dcopy
righti
ssue
smi
ghtpr
eve
ntt
hisf
rom b
eing
don
einpr
act
ic
e,b
uti
tisa
ppa
ren
tlyt
echni
cal
lypos
sibl
ewi
thi
nth
ede
signofPa
ll
adi
um.

• Mi
cros
oft
'
snub
,in
cludi
ngi
tss
our
cec
ode
,wi
llb
epubl
is
hedf
orr
evi
ew bya
nyonewh
o
wa
ntst
oex
ami
nei
t,i
nor
dert
oal
low a
llofMi
cros
oft
'
scl
aimsa
bouti
tss
ecur
it
y
pr
ope
rti
est
obev
eri
fi
ed.The
rei
snopa
rtofPa
ll
adi
um'
sde
signorc
odewhi
chn
eedst
o
b
eke
pts
ecr
et,a
lt
houghe
achSCPwi
llc
ont
ains
ecr
etc
rypt
ogr
aphi
cke
ysl
oade
datt
he
t
imeofi
tsma
nuf
act
ure
.Mi
cros
oftwi
lle
ncour
agen
on-
Mic
ros
oftpe
opl
etor
eada
nd

Di
vis
ionofComput
erSc
ienc
e,SOE,CUSAT 18
Mi
cros
oftPa
ll
adi
um

di
scus
sit
snub
.Youwi
lla
lsobea
blet
ocr
eat
eyourownn
ub,e
xce
ptt
hatc
han
gingt
he
n
ubwi
ll(
asdi
scus
seda
bov
e)pr
eve
ntpr
evi
ous
ly-
sea
ledda
taf
rombe
ingde
cry
pte
d.

• Mi
cros
ofts
ugge
stst
hatPa
ll
adi
um i
sfl
exi
blee
nought
hatma
nye
nti
ti
esc
oul
dus
eitt
o
c
rea
tet
hei
rownpol
ic
ies
,judgme
nts
,ce
rti
fi
cat
ions
ervi
ces
,et
c.Pa
ll
adi
um h
asamor
e
r
obus
tte
chni
cale
nfor
ceme
ntme
cha
nis
mth
ane
ithe
roft
hos
est
anda
rds
.

Di
vis
ionofComput
erSc
ienc
e,SOE,CUSAT 19
Mi
cros
oftPa
ll
adi
um

3. COMPARISON OF TCPA AND PALLADIUM

TCPA s
tan
dsf
or‘
Trus
tedComput
ingPl
atf
orm Al
li
anc
e’,a
nini
ti
ati
vel
edby
I
nte
l.Th
eirs
tat
edg
oali
sa‘
newc
omput
ingpl
atf
ormf
ort
hen
extc
ent
uryt
hatwi
llpr
ovi
def
or
i
mpr
ove
dtr
usti
nth
ePC pl
atf
orm’
.Pa
ll
adi
um i
sas
oft
war
eth
atMi
cros
ofts
aysi
tpl
anst
o
i
ncor
por
atei
nfut
urev
ers
ion
sofWi
ndows
;itwi
llb
uil
dont
heTCPA h
ardwa
rea
ndwi
lla
dd
s
omen
ewf
eat
ure
s.

TheTCPAa
ndPa
ll
adi
umr
elyont
hea
ddi
ti
ont
oth
eha
rdwa
reofn
orma
lPC’
s.
Whi
lePa
ll
adi
um c
all
sformor
eex
tens
ivec
han
ges
,th
e modi
fi
cat
ionsa
rer
ema
rka
blys
imi
la
r.
Bot
hca
llf
oran
ewc
hipt
obepl
ace
dont
hemot
her
boa
rdofa
llf
utur
ecomput
ers
.Th
echi
pwoul
d
i
ncl
udene
wen
cry
pti
onf
unc
ti
onsa
swe
lla
sas
mal
lamoun
tofme
mor
yth
atwoul
dac
tasa
di
gi
ta
lva
ultt
ost
orei
mpor
tan
tke
yst
ode
cry
ptpr
ote
cte
dda
ta.Th
eTCPAr
efe
rst
oth
echi
past
he
“
Trus
tedPl
atf
ormModul
e”,as
ucc
ess
ort
oth
eIn
tel
’spr
oce
ssor
.Mi
cros
oftr
efe
rst
oth
eha
rdwa
re
c
ompon
ent
sofPa
ll
adi
uma
sSe
cur
eCr
ypt
ogr
aphi
cCop
roc
ess
ororSCP.

Di
vis
ionofComput
erSc
ienc
e,SOE,CUSAT 20
 Mi
cros
oftPa
ll
adi
um

4. ADVANTAGES OF PALLADIUM

4.
1BLOCKMALI
CIOUSCODE

On
eoft
hemor
epr
omi
si
nga
spe
ctst
hatPa
ll
adi
um wi
llb
rin
gtoe
nd-
use
rs
i
sthea
bil
it
ytoa
uth
ent
ica
tet
hepr
ogr
amst
heyus
e.A us
erwi
lla
ll
ow c
ert
aina
ppl
ic
ati
ons
a
cce
sst
ore
sour
ces
.Or
igi
nal
ly,i
twa
sth
ough
tth
atPa
ll
adi
umwoul
dnotpe
rmi
tuna
uth
ori
zed
c
odet
orunonas
yst
em;t
her
efor
eitwoul
dst
opt
hee
xec
uti
onofpr
ogr
amsl
ikevi
rus
es.
Re
cen
tly
,howe
ver
,Mi
cros
ofth
asb
acke
dof
fth
esec
lai
msa
boutPa
ll
adi
um.Now i
tsi
mpl
y
c
lai
mst
hatPa
ll
adi
um wi
llpr
ovi
deas
ecur
eex
ecut
ione
nvi
ronme
ntf
ora
nti
-vi
ruspr
ogr
ams
(
MSPa
ll
adi
um Te
chni
calFAQ)
.Th
ebe
nef
itofas
ecur
eenvi
ronme
nti
sth
atvi
rus
esa
nd
ot
herma
li
ci
ousc
odec
ann
ota
lt
ert
heb
eha
viorofaPa
ll
adi
um-
ena
ble
dan
ti-
vir
uspr
ogr
am.
Mi
cros
ofth
asde
cide
dth
atl
ega
cys
uppor
tfore
xis
ti
ngWi
ndowsa
ppl
ica
ti
onsi
simpor
tan
t
e
noughs
oasn
ott
ore
qui
rea
llpr
ogr
amst
ober
ewr
it
tenf
orPa
ll
adi
um. Thi
sme
anst
hat
e
xis
ti
ngpr
ogr
amsa
ndvi
rus
eswi
lls
ti
llr
unonaPa
ll
adi
um s
yst
em.Th
eimpl
ie
dbe
nef
itt
o
Pa
ll
adi
um,a
side f
rom t
hea
dde
d pr
ote
cti
on t
oan
ti-
vir
us pr
ogr
ams
,ist
hei
ncr
eas
ed
a
uth
ent
ica
tionwi
thn
ewPa
lla
dium e
nabl
edpr
ogr
ams
.IfPa
lla
dium pr
oli
fer
ate
sasMi
cros
oft
h
ope
s,t
her
ewi
llc
omeat
imewh
enl
ega
cys
uppor
twi
lln
otb
eimpor
tan
tany
mor
e,a
nd
un
aut
hor
ize
dpr
ogr
amswi
lln
otb
erun
.Ita
ppe
arsa
sth
ought
hisi
sth
efi
rs
tst
epont
hewa
y
t
oth
ati
dea
.

4.
2DI
GITALRI
GHTMANAGEMENT

Th
edi
git
alr
igh
tsma
nage
men
t(DRM)pot
ent
ialwi
thaPa
ll
adi
um s
yst
em
i
swha
tcon
ten
tpr
oduc
ersa
nddi
st
ri
but
orsa
rei
nte
res
tedwi
th.Di
git
alr
igh
tsma
nage
men
tha
s
t
odowi
thc
ont
rol
li
ngwh
oma
ndh
owl
ongc
ont
enti
sdi
st
ri
but
ed.Mi
cros
oftt
out
sPa
ll
adi
um
a
sbe
ingi
nde
pen
den
tofa
nye
xis
ti
ngDRM t
echn
ologyt
oda
y(MS Pa
ll
adi
um Te
chni
cal
FAQ)
. Ont
heot
herh
and,i
tac
knowl
edge
sth
atPa
ll
adi
um s
yst
emsa
reb
eingde
sign
edt
o
c
oin
cidewi
thDRM t
echn
ologi
est
ohe
lpc
ont
entde
vel
ope
rs(
MSPa
ll
adi
umTe
chni
calFAQ)
.
APa
lla
dium s
yst
emi
ssuppos
edt
oma
kei
tea
sie
rfori
ndi
vidua
lus
erst
oimpl
eme
ntDRM on

Di
vis
ionofComput
erSc
ienc
e,SOE,CUSAT 21
 Mi
cros
oftPa
ll
adi
um

t
hei
rownpe
rson
alda
ta. Fore
xampl
e,aus
erma
yse
tupav
aul
tcon
tai
ningc
redi
tca
rd
i
nfor
mat
ion
.Pa
ll
adi
um woul
dal
low t
heus
ert
ose
tupagr
oupoft
rus
teda
gen
tst
hatwoul
d
h
avea
cce
sst
oal
lorc
ert
ainpa
rtsoft
hatda
ta.Al
ongwi
thda
ta,Pa
ll
adi
um pr
omi
sest
ogi
ve
us
erst
heopt
iont
ore
gul
at
eti
mei
nte
rva
lth
atda
tai
sav
ail
abl
etot
het
rus
teda
gen
tst
heyh
ave
s
pec
ifi
ed.

Di
vis
ionofComput
erSc
ienc
e,SOE,CUSAT 22
 Mi
cros
oftPa
ll
adi
um

5. DISADVANTAGES OF PALLADIUM

5.
1UPGRADES

I
nor
dert
ota
kea
dva
nta
geofwh
atPa
ll
adi
um i
ssuppos
edt
oof
fer
,us
ers
wi
llh
avet
oupgr
adeb
otht
hei
rcur
ren
tope
rat
ings
yst
emsa
ndh
ardwa
re.Th
ene
xtve
rsi
onof
Wi
ndows
,dueouti
n2004,wi
llne
edh
ardwa
res
uppor
tforPa
ll
adi
um f
eat
ure
stowor
kata
ll
(
MSPa
ll
adi
um Te
chni
calFAQ)
.Iti
sun
cle
ara
tthi
spoi
ntwh
eth
ert
hen
extma
jorWi
ndows
r
ele
asewi
llr
unonn
on-
Pal
la
dium c
ompa
tibl
eha
rdwa
re. Th
ece
ntr
alpr
oce
ssi
nguni
twi
ll
h
avet
osupp
ortt
het
rus
tede
xec
uti
onmodet
hatPa
ll
adi
um of
fer
s.I
tisc
lea
rth
atf
utur
e
mot
her
boa
rdswi
lln
eedt
ocon
tai
nth
ese
cur
it
ychi
pforPa
ll
adi
um t
orunpr
ope
rly(
MS
Pa
ll
adi
um Te
chni
calFAQ)
. Mor
eupgr
ade
sma
ybeofc
onc
erni
nth
ear
eaofgr
aphi
c
h
ardwa
rea
ndpe
riph
era
lss
ucha
ske
yboa
rdsa
ndmi
ceb
eca
useoft
hee
ncr
ypt
ioni
nbe
twe
en
t
hes
eha
rdwa
rede
vic
esa
ndt
hes
oft
war
eth
eya
rei
nte
rac
tin
gwi
th.

5.
2INTEROPERABI
LITY

Pa
lla
dium ha
sre
cei
vedwi
dec
rit
ici
smf
orbe
ingas
o-c
all
edGe
ner
alPubl
ic
Li
cen
se(
GPL)ki
ll
er(
Ande
rson
).Now,Mi
cros
oftc
lea
rlys
tat
est
hatt
hePa
ll
adi
um-
ena
ble
d
ope
rat
ings
yst
emwi
llbea
blet
oco-
exi
stwi
tha
nyLi
nuxb
ase
dsy
ste
m,j
usta
sth
eirope
rat
ing
s
yst
emsdot
oda
y.Th
eque
sti
ont
hatc
ome
stomi
ndi
s,wi
llt
hatc
han
gewi
thwi
des
pre
ad
a
dop
tionoft
hePa
lla
dium a
rchi
te
ctur
e?Fore
xampl
e,i
fab
anks
wit
che
sov
ert
oex
clus
ive
ly
Pa
ll
adi
um s
yst
ems
,woul
dcus
tome
rsoft
hatb
ankwh
odon
’tr
unPa
lla
dium s
yst
emsb
eabl
e
t
ous
eth
eba
nk’
sse
rvi
ces
? Pa
lla
dium i
snotadi
rec
tat
tac
konGPLorLi
nuxb
ase
dsy
ste
m,
b
uti
sana
tte
mptt
och
anget
her
ule
soft
hen
ame
s.

Di
vis
ionofComput
erSc
ienc
e,SOE,CUSAT 23
 Mi
cros
oftPa
ll
adi
um

5.
3LEGACYPROGRAMS

ByMi
cros
oft
’sowna
dmi
ssi
on,t
hePa
ll
adi
um-
ena
ble
dope
rat
ings
yst
em wi
ll
n
oth
avepe
rfe
ctl
ega
cys
uppor
t(MSPa
ll
adi
umTe
chni
calFAQ)
.Al
lexi
st
ingde
bugge
rswi
ll
n
eedt
obeupda
tedi
nor
dert
owor
kun
derPa
ll
adi
um. Pe
rfor
man
cet
ool
sth
atmoni
tor
ope
rat
ings
yst
em orus
erpr
oce
sse
swi
lln
eedt
obeupda
ted.Anyme
mor
ydumps
oft
war
e
wi
lln
otwor
kcor
rec
tl
ywi
thoutc
han
gest
osuppor
tPa
ll
adi
um. Hi
ber
nat
ionf
eat
ure
sof
mot
her
boa
rdswi
lln
eedt
obeupda
teda
swe
ll
.Me
mor
ysc
rubr
out
ine
s,a
tth
eha
rdwa
rel
eve
l,
wi
lln
eedt
ober
ewr
it
tent
oac
commoda
tePa
ll
adi
um.Th
ere
asonf
ora
lloft
hes
eupda
tesi
s
t
het
rus
teda
gen
tpol
ic
yth
atPa
ll
adi
um e
nfor
ces
. Nopr
ogr
ami
sal
lowe
dtoi
nva
det
he
e
xec
uti
ons
pac
efora
nyot
herpr
ogr
am. I
nth
eca
seofade
bugge
r,i
twi
llne
eds
pec
ial
pe
rmi
ssi
onf
rom t
heope
rat
ings
yst
emt
omoni
tort
hee
xec
uti
ons
pac
eoft
het
arge
tpr
ogr
am.
Ev
ens
oft
war
ede
vel
ope
dfort
heTCPA s
pec
ifi
cat
ionwi
lln
eedt
ober
ewr
it
teni
fitt
ri
est
o
di
rec
tlywr
it
etoa
nyTCPA h
ardwa
re.Thi
sde
scr
ipt
ionofi
ncompa
tibl
ele
gac
ypr
ogr
amsi
s
byn
ome
ansc
ompr
ehe
nsi
ve;i
tiss
impl
ywh
atMi
cros
ofti
sdi
scl
osi
nga
tthi
sti
me(
MS
Pa
ll
adi
umTe
chni
calFAQ)
.

Di
vis
ionofComput
erSc
ienc
e,SOE,CUSAT 24
Mi
cros
oftPa
ll
adi
um

6. CONCLUSION

Toda
y,I
Tma
nage
rsf
acet
reme
ndousc
hal
len
gesduet
oth
einh
ere
ntope
nne
ss
ofe
nd-
use
rma
chi
nes
,an
dmi
ll
ionsofpe
opl
esi
mpl
yav
oids
omeonl
inet
ran
sac
ti
onsoutoff
ear
.
Howe
ver
,wi
tht
heus
ageof"
Pal
la
dium"s
yst
ems
,tr
ust
wor
thy
,se
cur
ein
ter
act
ionswi
llb
ecome
pos
sibl
e.Thi
ste
chn
ologywi
llpr
ovi
det
ough
ers
ecur
it
yde
fen
sesa
ndmor
eab
unda
ntpr
iva
cy
b
ene
fit
sth
ane
verbe
for
e.Wi
th"
Pal
la
dium,
"us
erswi
llh
aveun
par
all
el
edpowe
rov
ers
yst
em
i
nte
gri
ty,pe
rson
alpr
iva
cya
ndda
tas
ecur
it
y.

I
nde
pen
den
tsof
twa
rev
endor
s(I
SVs
)th
atwa
ntt
hei
rappl
ic
ati
onst
ota
ke
a
dva
nta
geof"
Pal
la
dium"b
ene
fit
swi
llne
edt
owr
it
ecodes
pec
ifi
cal
lyf
ort
hisn
ewe
nvi
ronme
nt.
An
ewge
ner
ati
onof"
Pal
la
dium"
-compa
tibl
eha
rdwa
rea
ndpe
riph
era
lswi
lln
eedt
obede
sign
ed
a
ndb
uil
t.Th
e"Pa
ll
adi
um"de
vel
opme
ntpr
oce
sswi
llr
equi
rei
ndus
trywi
dec
oll
abor
ati
on.I
tca
n
onl
ywor
kwi
thb
roa
dtr
usta
ndwi
des
pre
ada
cce
pta
ncea
cros
sth
eindus
try
,bus
ine
sse
sand
c
ons
ume
rs.

"
Pal
la
dium"i
snotama
gicb
ull
et.Cl
ear
ly,i
tsb
ene
fit
sca
nonl
yber
eal
iz
edi
f
i
ndus
tryl
eade
rswor
kcol
la
bor
ati
vel
ytob
uil
d"Pa
lla
dium"
-compa
ti
blea
ppl
ic
ati
onsa
nds
yst
ems
-a
ndt
henonl
yifpe
opl
ech
oos
etous
eth
em.Butt
he"
Pal
la
dium"vi
si
one
nde
avor
stopr
ovi
de
t
het
rus
twor
thi
nes
sne
ces
sar
ytoe
nabl
ebus
ine
sse
s,gov
ernme
ntsa
ndi
ndi
vidua
lst
oful
lye
mbr
ace
t
hei
ncr
eas
ingdi
git
iza
tionofl
if
e.

TheI
nte
rne
tan
dth
epr
oli
fer
ati
onofdi
git
alc
ont
enth
aves
par
kedt
hen
eedf
or
mor
epr
iva
cya
nds
ecur
it
yofda
ta.Th
eloomi
ngque
sti
onwh
ene
vera
nyon
eta
lksa
bouts
ecur
it
y
a
ndpr
iva
cyi
s:f
orwh
om? Pa
lla
dium c
ert
ainl
ygi
vesdi
git
alc
ont
ent 16pr
ovi
der
sth
econ
trol
ov
ert
hei
rpr
oduc
tth
att
heyh
avewa
nte
dforal
ongt
ime
.Inr
ece
ntmon
ths
,Mi
cros
ofth
asc
lea
rly
e
mph
asi
zedt
heb
ene
fit
sth
att
hema
rri
ageofPa
ll
adi
um a
ndDRM c
anb
rin
gtoe
nd-
use
rs.
Mi
cros
oftc
lai
mst
hatus
erswi
llh
avec
ompl
etec
ont
roloft
hei
rpe
rson
ali
nfor
mat
ion
. Th
e
Pa
ll
adi
um-
ena
ble
dope
rat
ings
yst
emi
sn’
tduef
ora
tle
asta
not
hery
ear
.Itc
oul
dta
kemon
thsa
fte
r
t
hei
nit
ialr
ele
asef
ora
nyon
etof
eeli
tse
ffe
cts
.Iti
scl
ear
,howe
ver
,th
atwi
des
pre
ada
dopt
ionof

Di
vis
ionofComput
erSc
ienc
e,SOE,CUSAT 25
Mi
cros
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Di
vis
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e,SOE,CUSAT 26
Mi
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7. REFERENCES

1. Anderson, R. “TCPA / Palladium Frequently Asked Questions Version 1.0.” July

2002. University of Cambridge Online. 5 Jan 2003
<http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/rja14/tcpa-faq.html>.

2. “Microsoft Palladium.” 11 Nov. 2002. Electronic Privacy Information Center Online.

5 January 2003 <http://www.epic.org/privacy/consumer/microsoft/palladium.html>.

3. Boutin, Paul. “Palladium: Safe or Security Flaw?.” 12 Jul. 2002. Wired News
Online. 31 Jan 2003 <http://www.wired.com/news/antitrust/0,1551,53805,00.html>.

4. Hachman M., and Rupley S. “Microsoft's Palladium: A New Security Initiative.” 25

Jun. 2002. ExtremeTech Online. 5 Jan 2003
<http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,3973,274309,00.asp>.

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