ALDEHID DAN KETON

Penyediaan Sifat-sifat Penggunaan

ALDEHID
Kumpulan berfungsi C=O Aldehyde : RCOH Ketone : RCOR CH3CHO : ethanal CH3COCH3 : prophanone (asetone)

PENYEDIAAN ALDEHID

SIFAT ALDEHID
Adalah cecair dan pepejal pada suhu bilik Takat didih bertambah apabilrendah jisa jisim bertambah Aldehid rendah jisim boleh larut dalam air

PENGGUNAAN ALDEHID

KETON

 Formaldehyde
Manufactured from methanol Used in many polymers

Acetaldehyde
Prepared from ethyl alcohol Formed in the detoxification of alcohol in the liver

Acetone
Formed in the human body as a by-product of lipid metabolism Excreted in the urine

Hormones
Steroid hormones Progesterone/Testosterone

PENYEDIAAN KETON
RCH
2 OH

PCC

C O

R 2 CHOH R'CH R' R C OH CH

2 OH

PCC

R R'

C O

R H +R

CR 2

ozonolysis

C O

C O

HIO

R
4

C O

R' + H

C O

CH Cl 2 R 2 CCl

2O

H
2O

C O

H + 2 HCl

C O

R + 2 HCl

RCOOH RCOO
-

RL i
+

RCOO R

Li

+ RH Li+

Li

RL i

O C

R R C R R C R OH O O
-

O Li + OH C OH C O R

Li+ Li
+

2O

R R

OH

2O )

C O

H or Ar

C O

Ag(NH 3)2

(Tollens reagent)

RCOOH

(ArCOOH)

C O or C O CH 3 C O R C O C O R

KMnO R

or K 2Cr 2O 7

COOH

X2 OH / H 2O H
-

HCX 3 + RCOO

HIO

RCOOH + HCOOH
4

+ HIO

SIFAT-SIFAT KETON
Keton rendah mudah terbakar sedangkan ketonketon tinggi adalah pepejal
Carbon-oxygen double bond is very polar
Affects boiling points More than ethers (C-O bonds) Less than alcohols (C-OH bonds)

Odors

Solubility

Low aldehydes very pungent High aldehydes pleasant odors (perfumes) Similar to alcohols and ethers Soluble up to about 4 carbons Insoluble after that

PENGGUNAAN KETON