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Simple machines
CHAPTER 10
Simple machines
UNIT 10.1 Analysing lever
List things around them that use the principle of the lever
State what a lever can do
Identify load, force and fulcrum of the lever
Classify lever
Explain what is meant by the moment of force
Solve problems related to levers
What is Lever ?
Lever is
a) A simple machine
Wedge
Lever Wheel and
axle
Screw Inclined
plane
Pulley
What is Lever ?
A lever has 3 parts
F
E
L
E L
E E
F
L
L
F
L
E
What is Lever ?
Lever can be classified into
a) 1st class
b) 2nd class
c) 3rd class
Classes of Levers
3 classes of levers
First class
L
lever
Second class L
lever
F
Third class
lever L
F
= L F E
L
2nd class E
F
= F L E
L
3rd class E
F
= F E L
L
F
E
F
E L
F E E
L
L
F
L
E
E L E
F
L F
L E
E E
F
L F
L
What is the Moment of a Force?
When we loosen a bolt using a spanner, a force that is applied has
a turning effect on the spanner.
This turning effect of force is known as the moment of force
Spanner Spanner
P Q
Force Force
18 cm 7 cm
Moment of
= Force (N) x Perpendicular distance from
a force (N m) the pivot to the force (m)
4N
Moment of
Perpendicular distance from
= Force (N) x
a force (N m) the pivot to the force (m)
= 4N x 0.6 m
= 2.4 N m
Principle of Moments in a Lever
Anticlockwise moment
30 cm x
250 g 400 g
Answer : 18.75 cm
CHAPTER 10
Simple machines
UNIT 10.1 Appreciating the innovative
efforts in the design of machine
Devices that Using the Principle of Levers
A spade
A hockey
Tongs stick