mitropoliti anania jafariZe saqarTvelos dedaeklesia

uak (UDC) O 87.5:947.22 j 272 wm. ambrosi xelaias sityviT erisaTvis uflis mier miniWebuli yvelaze didi saboZvari Tavisuflebaa. Tavisuflebis Ziebisas sasurvelia xalxis sulis gamoRviZeba gmiruli warsulis gandidebiT. sayovelTao mSvidobisa da siwynaris damyarebis Jams ki gaTavisuflebuli eris axalgazrda Taobas sjobs movuTxroT amboxebaTa da ZmaTamkvleli Sinaomebis damRupvel Sedegebze. amJamad, roca gaTavisuflebul samSoblos Camoglejili aqvs ZirZveli mxareebi (afxazeTi, samaCablo da sxv.), gmiruli warsulis gacocxlebasTan erTad kargia qveynis daSla-danawevrebisas urTierTganadgurebazec vesaubroT. mitropoliti anania jafariZe am kuTxiT miudga Tavis wignSi erisa da eklesiis istorias. redaqtori naTela joloxava redaqtor-gamomcemeli akaki bregaZe sagamomcemlo jgufi: nazi jananaSvili, TaTa sabanaZe, nino anCabaZe, daviT bregaZe, giorgi bregaZe, konstantine bregaZe mxatvar-dizaineri kaxaber maisuraZe operatori naTela talaxaZe ibeWdeba redaqtoris xarjiT ~cicinaTela~ 2006 w. ISBN 99940-801-0-5 (mravaltomeuli) ISBN 99940-801-8-0 (XII t.)

meufe anania meufe anania jafariZe (Tengiz anatolis Ze jafariZe) gaxlavT saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis wm. sinodis wevri, mitropoliti, manglis-walkis eparqiis mmarTveli, Tbilisis teqnikuri universitetis Teologiis kaTedris gamge, profesori, daibada 1949 w. 20 agvistos q. tyibulSi, 1966 w. daamTavra q. tyibulis saSualo skola, 1974 w. saqarTvelos politeqnikuri instituti (amJamindeli teqnikuri universiteti) ~kavSirgabmulobis avtomaturi saSualebebis~ ganxriT da muSaobda inJinrad. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is mowodebis Sesabamisad Seudga saeklesio Rvawls. swavla daiwyo mcxeTis sasuliero seminariaSi. swavlis periodSi berad aRikveca ananias saxeldebiT. 1979 w. 4 aprils xeldasxmul iqna diakvnad, 1979 w. 27 seqtembers kaTalikos-patriarqma ilia II-m akurTxa mRvdlad. 1979 wlidan Tbilisis wm. samebis (Zveli wm. samebis) eklesiis winamZRvaria, 1980 wlidan alaverdis monastris iRumeni, 1981 w. martidan - arqimandriti. kaTalikos-patriarqis ilia II-is xeldasxmiT da wm. sinodis gadawyvetilebiT gaxda nikorwmindis kaTedris episkoposi (1981 w. 15 marti), 1981 w. 29 aprilidan 1992 w. 25 dekembramde axalcixisa da mesxeT-javaxeTis episkoposia, 1992 w. dekembridan 1995 w. 17 ivnisamde - manglisis arqiepiskoposi, 1995 w. ivlisidan - manglis-walkis eparqiis mmarTveli mTavarepiskoposi. meufe ananias mRvdelmTavrobis dros aTeisturi reJimis 70-wliani uqmobis Semdeg misi zrunviT da iniciativiT RvTismsaxureba ganaxlda zarzmis, varZiis, safaris monastrebSi, aRsdga ivlitas, xvaliSis, axaldabis, sadgeris eklesiebi, axali eklesiebi gaixsna abasTumanSi, borjomSi, algeTSi, kodaSi da sxvagan. misi ZalisxmeviT q.

axalcixeSi daarsda sasuliero saswavlebeli, romlis reqtoric Tavad iyo 1992 wlamde. meufe anania saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriis srul kurss kiTxulobs saqarTvelos sasuliero akademiaSi, 2002 wlidan saqarTvelos teqnikur universitetSi ganagebs Teologiis kaTedras, 2003 w. 11 aprils mieniWa profesoris wodeba. 2002 w. saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqma ilia II-m mitropolitis xarisxi mianiWa. gaxlavT saqarTvelos sapatriarqos qarTuli enisa da kulturis Semswavleli samecniero sabWos Tavmjdomare (2005 w. 1 noembridan). meufe anania dajildoebulia aleqsandriis sapatriarqos wm. markozis ordeniT, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis jildoebiT. 2000 w. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis istoriisa da eTnologiis institutis samecniero sabWom istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxi mianiWa, mweralTa gaerTianebam (~erovnuli cnobierebis analitikuri centri~) premia - ~TvalsaCino saeklesio da sazogado moRvaweobisaTvis~. miRebuli aqvs agreTve g. ServaSiZis saxelobis saxelmwifo premia. gansakuTrebulad unda aRiniSnos meufe ananias samecniero moRvaweoba. igi avtoria mravali monografiis, gamokvlevisa da publicisturi werilisa. meufes ekuTvnis oTxtomiani fundamenturi naSromi ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria~ (1996-2003), aseve fundamenturi naSromi ~saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebi~ sam wignad (2003), monografia ~qarTvelTa winaprebis bibliuri istoria adamidan iesomde~ (1994), ~mesxeTi qarTvelTa gamahmadianeba~ (1998), ~saingilo - qarTvelTa galekeba~ (1998), ~lazeT-TrialeTi - qarTvelTa gaberZneba~ (1999), ~qarTl-kaxeTi - qarTvelTa gasomxeba~ (1999), ~afxazeTi - qarTvelTa ~gaafxazeba~ (2001), ~regionalizmi Seaferxebs erovnul konsolidacias~ (2002), ~petre iberi marTlmadidebeli episkoposi~ (2002), ~qarTuli saeklesio (saliteraturo) enis Camoyalibebis sakiTxisaTvis~ (2002) da mravali sxva. rogorc cnobilia, saqarTveloSi ruseTis imperiis batonobis Jams sastikad idevneboda saqarTvelos eklesia. XIX s-Si gaauqmes misi avtokefalia - qarTveli eris saukeTeso SvilTa aTaswlovani monapovari, xolo XX s-Si aTeistebis batonobis dros ara mxolod saeklesio nagebobebs angrevdnen da RvTismsaxurebs xocavdnen, aramed gegmazomierad da mizanmimarTulad amaxinjebdnen qarTveli erisa da saqarTvelos eklesiis istorias. sabWoTa istorikosebma mTel Taobebs Caunerges, TiTqosda qarTveli eri (e.i. samwyso saqarTvelos eklesiisa) mxolod IX-X s-is Semdeg Camoyalibda saqarTvelos calkeuli mxareebis e.w. ~qarTizacia - gaqarTvelebis~ Sedegad, saqarTvelo TiTqosda XI s-is damdegs gaerTianda, xolo misi pirveli mefe bagrat III iyo, umarTebulod ganmartavdnen wm. mociqulebis, wm. ninos, asureli mamebisa da sxvaTa cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis sakiTxebs, ~mecnierulad~ iyo uaryofili mociqulebis qadageba saqarTveloSi, wm. nino ara istoriul, aramed legendarul pirovnebad miiCneoda, asureli mamebi ki - monofizit moRvaweebad, TiTqosda ~legenda ninos Sesaxeb IX s-Si~ Camoyalibda da a.S. erTi sityviT sagangebod uaryofdnen Zveli qarTveli mematianeebis Tvalsazriss, gamoTqmuls saistorio wyaroebSi. mitropoliti anania gamowvlilviT mimoixilavs yvela Sesabamis saistorio literaturas, maTi urTierTSejerebiTa da wyaroTa analiziT askvnis, rom TiTqmis yovelTvis marTldeba Zvel mematianeTa da eklesiis istorikosTa Tvalsazrisi. am mxriv es naSromi siaxles moicavs da xels uwyobs sabWoTa anu dampyrobelTa istoriografiis mier CvenTvis Tavs moxveul umarTebulo SexedulebaTa gabaTilebas. naSromi gaxlavT 1996-2003 wlebSi mitropolit ananias gamocemuli ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriis~ oTxtomeulis Semoklebuli varianti. amitom mkiTxvels SeuZlia wyaroebi dawvrilebiT am oTxtomeulSi moiZios. samagaliToa meufe ananias msaxureba eklesiisaTvis, erisa da qveynisaTvis. Cven Cvenis mxriv uaRres madlierebas gamovxatavT meufe ananiasadmi, rameTu igi mxarSi udgas sabavSvo gazeT ~cicinaTelas~ misi daarsebis dRidan da uangarod emsaxureba moswavle-axalgazrdobis mamuliSvilurad aRzrdis saqmes. meufis SesaniSnavi werilebi, romlebic am gazeTSi daibeWda da ibeWdeba, sakeTilod waadgeba patara qarTvelebis sulierad da zneobrivad amaRlebas, iseve rogorc misi naSromebi qarTvel xalxs. am mxrivac daufasebelia meufis Rvawli. akaki bregaZe

Sesavali qristesmier sayvarelo Svilebo, yoveli Cveni sityviT da saqmiT unda vadidoT ufali RmerTi, rameTu man dagvbada Cven, Seqmna ca da dedamiwa, kacobrioba, erebi da xalxebi. wmida werilis mixedviT, Tavdapirvelad kacobrioba erTi xalxi, erTi eTnosi iyo, erTi salaparako ena hqonda - ~erTpiri iyo mTeli qveyana da erT enaze metyveli~ (dab. 11.1), babilonis godolis dangrevis Semdeg ki ufalma RmerTma ineba, rom dedamiwaze ecxovra ara erT, aramed mraval ers, yofiliyo mravali ena. wmida bibliis mixedviT, ase Camoyalibdnen dedamiwis pirveli xalxebi. TiToeul ers mieca Tavisi sapatrono nawili dedamiwisa, romelsac samSoblo ewodeba. amasTanave adamianebs daekisraT movaleoba misi movla-patronobisa, mtrisgan dacvisa, Camoyalibda pirveli saxelmwifoebi, iq mcxovrebni erTmaneTisaTvis Tanamemamuleni (ZvelqarTulad naTesavni), moyvasni da megobarni iyvnen. erisaTvis Tavdadeba, misTvis Tavis gawirva ufals saTno saqmed miaCnda, radganac nayofi iyo siyvarulisa, RmerTi ki siyvarulia. brZanebs kidec wmida werili: ~imaze didi siyvaruli ar arsebobs, roca vinme Tavis suls swiravs Tavisi megobrisaTvis~ (ioane 15.13). samSoblos siyvaruliT da erTmaneTisaTvis TavdadebiT ZvelTaganve gamoirCeodnen Cveni sulkurTxeuli winaprebi, Zveli qarTvelebi. maT Sesaxeb kacobriobis upirvelesi wigni - wmida bibliac gvawvdis cnobebs. rogorc cnobilia, msoflio warRvnas mxolod erTi kacis, noes ojaxi gadaurCa da mTel kacobriobas noes Zeebma - semma, qamma da iafetma - daudes saTave. iafetis Zeebs Soris ixsenebian qarTvelTa winaprebic: Tobeli, mosoqi da aseve Togarma (Zveli avtorebi, maTi komentatorebi da Tanamedrove mTargmnelebi, qarTvelTa winaprebis, magaliTad, iafetis Zeebis, Tubalisa da meSeqis saxelebs sxvadasxva transkripciiT gadmocemen, Tobeli, meSixi, meSeqi, mosoxi da sxv.). bibliis did komentatorTa - ioseb flaviusisa da sxvaTa ganmartebebis mixedviT iafetis STamomavloba aseTia: ~iafetis Zeni: gomeri, magogi, madai, iavani, Tubali, meSeqi da Tirasi~ (dab. 10. 2-3), qarTvelTa eTnarqebis - Tubalis da meSeqis (mosoxis) Sesaxeb aseve mraval sagulisxmo cnobas gvawvdian didi winaswarmetyvelebi - ieremia da ezekieli. akademikos s. janaSias koncefcia am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT aseTia: ~daaxloebiT eqvsi aTasi wlis win, wina aziis uzarmazar miwa-wyalze da samxreT evropaSic (balkaneTi, apeninisa da pirineis naxevarkunZulebi) erTi modgmis xalxebi cxovrobdnen. Semdgom am modgmis xalxTa adgilsamyofeli TandaTan izRudeboda - eseni qarTvelTa winaprebi iyvnen~. am dros qarTvelebi metyvelebdnen erT saerTo enaze, qarTveloba erTiani gaxldaT da ar iyo dayofili im jgufebad, romelTac amJamad kaxelebs, imerlebs, megrelebs, svanebs, gurulebs, xevsurebs da sxv. vuwodebT. Zveli qarTvelebi qristeSobamde ori aTasi wlis win kavkasiis garda aseve cxovrobdnen mcire aziasa da SuamdinareTis Crdilo nawilSic da maT mravali saxelovani saxelmwifo Seqmnes. Zvel qarTul qveyanaTa Soris gansakuTrebuli sidiadiT brwyinavda kolxeTi. homerosi da Zveli msoflios mravali poeti amkobda mis didebas, magram istoria cvalebadia. qristeSobamde 800 wliT adre kolxeTs Semoesivnen kimerielebi, Zalze Zlieri xalxi, Crdilo kavkasiis iqiTa stepebis tomebi. maT jer kolxeTis samefo gaanadgures, Semdeg ki samxreTis mravali qveyanac daipyres vidre israelamde. gamarjvebul kimerielebs auyriaT kolxeTisa da sxva dapyrobili qveynebis mosaxleobis didi nawili da auZulebiaT elaSqraT samxreTSi sxva xalxebis dasamorCileblad. es laSqroba yofila xalxTa didi gadasaxleba CrdiloeTidan israelamde. es movlena wmida bibliaSic aisaxa. brZanebda ufali winaswarmetyvelis piriT: ~aha, movuxmob CrdiloeTis yvela toms, ambobs ufali, da avamxedreb am qveyanaze, mis mcxovreblebze da irgvliv yvela xalxze~ (ieremia 25. 9). CrdiloeTis xalxebis didi laSqroba israelisaken uflis neba yofila. am xalxTa Soris, bibliis komentatorebis ganmartebiT, iyvnen ~mosoxisa da Tubalis~ xalxebi (qarTvelebi), romelnic Turme aiZula gogis (kimerielTa) xalxma maTTan erTad elaSqraT samxreTSi, israelis mTebamdec ki miuRweviaT. aq gaumarjvniaT da erTxans kidec gabatonebulan, es iwinaswarmetyvela kidec mefe daviTma da fsalmunebSic aisaxa: ~vaime, xizani var meSeqisa, vbinadrob kedaris karvebTan~ (fs. 119 (120). 5; bib. 1989, gv. 555). vin iyvnen mosoxebi (meSeqebi), romelTa xiznad qceula wmida miwis CrdiloeTiT mdebare qveynebi? ieremia da ezekiel winaswarmetyvelebis epoqis, qristeSobamde VI s-is, avtori hekatos mileteli wers: ~mosoxi kolxuri tomia~ (narkv. I, gv. 395). maSasadame, es mosoxebi is kolxebi arian, romelnic kimerielTa iZulebiT CrdiloeTidan samxreTSi laSqrobdnen. kolxeTidan gamoZevebuli qarTvelebis samxedro aristokratias samxreTSi dauarse-

bia axali saxelmwifo, romelsac uZvelesi qarTuli wyaro, ~moqcevai qarTlisai~, uwodebs ~arian-qarTls~. ucxoelebi mas aseve Zvel iberias uwodebdnen. maleve ufal RmerTs unebebia, rogorc wmida werili gadmogvcems, samxreTSi gadmosaxlebuli qarTvelebi kvlav ukan kavkasiaSi dabrunebuliyvnen. ezekieli axsenebs kidec uflis sityvebs, CrdiloeTis kideebidan mosul xalxTa mimarT naTqvams - ~mogatrialeb~, ~gagabruneb~! ufali brZanebs: - ~aha, Senze var, gog, roSis, meSeqis da Tubalis mTavaro! gagabruneb... Togarmas saxls CrdiloeTis kideebidan mTeli Tavisi urdoTi, uricxvi xalxiTurT SenTan erTad~ (ezekieli 38. 3-6). wmida werilis mixedviT CrdiloeTis xalxebis samxreTSi gadmosaxleba da Semdeg maTi ukan dabruneba RvTis diadi gegmis nawili iyo, raTa CrdiloeTis xalxebs ecnoT WeSmariti RmerTi, romelsac nebavda ara xalxebis sikvdili da gaqroba, aramed gawvrTna - ~mixvdebian xalxebi, rom me ufali var, rom wmida var israelSi~ (ezekieli 39.7), anda -~ wamogiyvan Cemi qveynis winaaRmdeg, rom micnon xalxebma, roca gamovaCen Cems siwmides SenSi, gog, maT Tvalwin~ (ezekieli 38. 16). bibliis komentatorebi, maT Soris, eklesiis istoriis mamad wodebuli evsevi kesarieli da wm. ioane oqropiris saukeTeso mowafe Teodorite kvireli ezekielis aRniSnuli muxlebis ganmartebisas weren, rom qarTveli tomebis ukan dabruneba ufalma ineba babilonis mefe nabuqodonosoris xeliT: ~nabuqodonosorma, romelic herakleze ufro Zlieri iyo, saomari jari Sekriba, miaRwia iberTa qveyanaSi, ajoba maT, gaacamtvera da daimorCila. maTgan erTi nawili gadaasaxla man pontos zRvis marjvena mxareze da iq daasaxla~ (georgika I, 1961, gv. 30). evsevi kesarieli am cnobis gadmocemisas eyrdnoboda Zv.w. IV-III saukuneTa istorikos megasTenes. maSasadame, sadRac samxreTSi Zv.w. VI-IV ss-Si arsebobda qarTvelTa qveyana - Zveli iberia (iveria), romlis xalxis erTi nawili gadmousaxlebiaT ukan TavianT samSobloSi, istoriul kolxeTSi, kerZod ki, ~pontos (Savi zRvis) aRmosavleT mxares~ anu Tanamedrove saqarTvelos teritoriaze, sadac, cxadia, manamdec cxovrobda mkvidri qarTveloba, magram axla ukve politikuri centrebis ukan, CrdiloeTSi gadmotanis Semdgom gaZlierebula da kavkasiaSi Seuqmnia pirveli erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifo. am samefos damfuZnebeli ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT iyo mefe farnavazi, mosaxleoba erTi eTnosi iyo, erTi saxelmwifosa da enis mqone. am qveynis mkvidri egriselebi (megrelebi), gurulebi, svanebi, margvelebi (Semdegdroindeli imerlebi), her-kaxni, qarTlelebi da sxvebi - erTi xalxi iyo. Zveli somexi istorikosi uxtanesi maT Sesaxeb wers: pontos zRvis piras dabinavebulebi (Zveli ~iveriidan~ CrdiloeTSi gadmosaxlebulebi) gamravldnen da gaxda tomi, romelsac Tavis pirvel qveyanaSi iverias uwodebdnen, aq ki qarTvelni ewodaT... gamravlda zRvis piras, moedo im mxares da gavrcelda somexTa da albanTa sazRvramde da Seiqmna friad did xalxi~ (uxtanesi, ~ganyofisaTvis qarTvelTa da somexTa~, gv. 67). qristeSobamde 400-300 wliT adre egrisis erisTav qujis TanadgomiT Seqmnil farnavazis samefoSi Sedioda rva saerisTavo: egrisi, argveTi, kaxeTi, xunani, samSvilde, wunda, oZrxe da klarjeTi. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo aerTianebda qveynis orive geografiul nawils - aRmosavleTs da dasavleTs, mas ~qarTlis samefo~ erqva. farnavazma ~ganavrco ena qarTuli da arRara izraxeboda sxva ena qarTlsa Sina Tvinier qarTulisa da aman Seqmna mwignobroba qarTuli~ (~qarTlis cxovreba~, I. gv. 26). uflis amaRlebis Semdeg suliwmidis mofenisas mociqulebs miecaT im xalxTa enebis codna, romelTa qveynebSic unda eqadagaT maT. wm. andria pirvelwodebuls mieca qarTuli enis codna. yovladwmida RvTismSobelma is Tavis wilxvedr iveriaSi anu saqarTveloSi gamogzavna. qarTuli enis codna suliwmidis mier miecaT msoflio eklesiis im mamebsac, romelnic qarTvelTa Soris moRvaweobdnen. asureli mamebis meTauris Sesaxeb mis cxovrebaSi naTqvamia: ~netarman iovaneca wamsa Sina iswava ena qarTvelTa sulisa mier wmidisa~. masze da sxva mamebze gadmosuli madliT ucxoeTSive (asureTSive) Seiswavles am mamebma qarTuli ena mociqulebis msgavsad. aseve Seiswavla Sio mRvimelmac, romelmac wm. iovanesTan erTad ~mociqulebrivi qadageba aRasrula, romelTa RmerTman misca enai qarTulad metyveli~, aseve Seiswavles qarTuli ena sxva mamebmac. rogor iyo uflis mier ~Semkuli da kurTxeuli~ qarTuli ena, amis Sesaxeb kargad icodnen qarTvelma berebma VII-IX ss-Si da ufals amisaTvis madlobas swiravdnen sagalobliT ~qebai da didebai qarTulisa enisai~. wm. mamebi TavianTi TvaliT xedavdnen da TavianTi yuriT usmendnen maT win gamocxadebul yovladwmida RvTismSobels, romelic maT qarTuli eniT esaubreboda da qarTuli enis mniSvnelobas ganumartavda saukuneTa manZilze. IX s-Si saberZneTSi olimpos (ulumbos) wminda mTis monasterSi iRvwodnen qarTveli berebi da ufal RmerTs qarTuli eniT adidebdnen, magram berZnebma qarTvelebs aukrZales qarTuli eniT locva. yovladwmida RvTismSobeli gamoecxada monastris

berZen winamZRvars da ubrZana: ~romelni maT ara Seiwynareben, mter Cemda arian~. qarTuli ena RvTismSoblisaTvis saTno ena iyo (~ilarion qarTvelis cxovreba~, qrestomaTia 1946, gv. 172). aseve X s-is bolos yovladwmida RvTismSobeli gamoecxada ymawvil momakvdav eqvTime aTonels, moxeda mis sneulebas da uTxra: ~aRsdeg, nu geSinin da qarTulad xsnilad ubnobdi~. amis Semdeg qarTuli sityva misgan ~viTarca wyaro amodioda uwmindes yovelTa qarTvelTa~. yovladwmida RvTismSoblis meoxebiT wm. andria pirvelwodebulis mier saqarTveloSi RvTismsaxurebisaTivs danergili qarTuli eniT adidebs ufal RmerTs mTeli qarTveli eri aTaswleulTa manZilze. qarTveli xalxis momzadeba macxovris misaRebad ezekieli da imJamindeli sxva winaswarmetyvelebi qristeSobamde VII-VI s-Si rogorc rCul (ebraelebs), aseve sxva erebsac RvTisagan moweul mZime sasjelTa Sesaxeb uwinaswarmetyvelebdnen. ufalma, misi saxeli rom ecnoT, CrdiloeTis xalxebi da maT Soris qarTvelTa winaprebic, rogorc aRvniSneT, israelis qveynis winaaRmdeg waiyvana da maTSi Tavisi siwmide gamoavlina. winaswarmetyveli ezekieli Tubalsa da meSeqs axsenebs sxva Crdiloel xalxebTan erTad, romelnic israelze galaSqrebis gamo daisajnen. ezekielze adre israelis mezoblad mcxovreb did xalxTa dasjis Sesaxeb ieremia winaswarmetyvelic werda. saqme is iyo, rom winaswarmetyvelebani uSualod Seexeboda israels, uflis ers, romelic aRTqmul miwaze dasaxlebas eRirsa, magram codvebis gamravlebiT uflisTvis micemuli aRTqma daarRvia. amitom gadasaxlebiTa da sxva eris monobaSi yofniT unda dasjiliyo. ieremia qadagebda: ~aha mogisev xalxs Soridan, israelis saxlo, ambobs ufali, magar xalxs, ZvelisZvel xalxs, xalxs, romlis ena ar gecodineba da ver gaigeb, ras laparakobs,... Zlieri vaJkacebi arian yvelani~ (ieremia, 5:15-16). ~ras daaklebs rkina CrdiloeTis rkinas da spilenZs? Sens dovlaTs da ganZeulobas... davatacebineb yvela Seni codvis gamo~ (ieremia, 15:12-13). ~aha, movuxmob CrdiloeTis yvela toms, ambobs ufali, da avamxedreb am qveyanaze, mis mcxovreblebze da irgvliv yvela xalxze~ (ieremia, 25:9). winaswarmetyvelebis mixedviT israelianebs qaldevelTa mefe nabuqodonosori babilonSi gadaasaxlebda da ufali amiT qaldevelebsac da sxva Crdiloel xalxebsac dasjida. es dasja, rogorc aRiniSna, Semdeg mizans emsaxureboda: rogorc RvTisgan rCeul, ise sxva erebs, romelTac masTan urTierToba hqondaT, WeSmariti RmerTi unda ecnoT, xsnis arss unda Caswvdomodnen da gasCenodaT sasoeba uflismier gadarCenisa, manamde ki xalxebis WeSmariti RmerTisaken moqceva iyo saWiro. ufali brZanebda: ~erT wams gavifiqreb romelime xalxis an samefos amoZirkvas, gacamtverebasa da ganadgurebas, magram moiqceva es xalxi borotebisagan, romlis gamo vaSinebdi mas, da mec gadavTqvam borots, rasac vupirebdi~ (ieremia, 18:7-8). cxadia, unda aRsrulebuliyo qarTvelTa winaprebis mimarTac gamoTqmuli winaswarmetyveleba. qarTveli xalxis yvelaze gamoCenili tomebi daamarcxa da maTi erTi nawili ukan, ufro CrdiloeTiT, kavkasiaSi, gadaasaxla babilonis mefe nabuqodonosorma. amrigad, ufali nabuqodonosoris xeliT ara mxolod ebraelebs, aramed iberielebsac Sexebia, rogorc amas ieremia winaswarmetyvelebda rogorc iTqva, am sakiTxs msoflio qristianuli eklesiis istoriis mamad wodebulma evsevi kesarielmac miaqcia yuradReba da Tavis ~qronikebSi~ CarTo cnoba nabuqodonosoris mier iberielTa damarcxebis, datyvevebisa da gadasaxlebis Sesaxeb. (georgika, I, 1961, gv. 30). CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT Zvirfasia cnoba evsevi kesarielisa, qristianuli eklesiis istoriis mecnierulad Seswavlis fuZemdeblisa. igi eyrdnoboda Zvel avtors, Zv.w. IV-III ss-Ta istorikos megasTenes. evsevi kesarieli daaxloebuli piri iyo mociqulTa swor imperator konstantinesTan. aRsaniSnavia, rom eklesiis Zveli drois meore cnobili istorikosi, aseve episkoposi, Teodorite kvireli imaves wers qarTvelTa winaprebis Sesaxeb. kerZod, igi qarTvelTa winaprebs exeba winaswarmetyvel ezekielis teqstis ganmartebisas, sadac ambobs: ~gog da magog skviTuri tomebia, xolo mosox, amboben kabadokielebi ariano, Tobel ki iberebio... saxli Togarmisa (varianti: Torgamasi) is ambobs, rom eseni frigielebi ariano... frigielebi da galatebi, iberebi da sparselebi da eTiopielebi, ambobs winaswarmetyve-

li, skviTebTan erTad laSqrobdnen... iZulebuli gaxades monawileoba mieRoT omSi~ (georgika, I, gv. 223). ezekieli nabuqodonosoris epoqaSi Tobelisa da mosoqis dasjis Sesaxeb wers, Zveli berZnuli wyaroebi da qristiani istorikosebi nabuqodonosoris mier iberebis damarcxebis Sesaxeb gvauwyeben, amitomac unda vifiqroT, rom isini aRweren erTsa da imave ambavs, romelic qarTvelTa winaprebs Seexeba. arsebobs sxva, Tanamedrove istoriuli mecnierebis monacemebic, romlebic amasve adastureben. meSeqisa da Tubalis Zveli didebis mospoba da maTi umniSvnelo tomebad qceva SeumCneveli ar darCeniaT istorikosebs. pirvelqarTvelTa didebuleba, maTi saxelmwifoebi, qalaqebi, kulturis brwyinvaleba aCrdilad iqca. qristeSobamde xuTi-oTxi saukuniT adre qarTvelTa dacemis Sesaxeb ivane javaxiSvili wers: ~Tumca asurul wyaroebSi Cveni eris maSindeli mdgomareoba dawvrilebiT ar aris aRwerili, magram IV s-is qarTveli tomebis yofa-cxovrebas Tu imdroindel mdgomareobas SevadarebT, SeuZlebelia, mainc ar SevamCnioT, rom CrdiloeTisaken waweul qarTvelebs cxadi daqveiTeba etyobaT... sadRa iyo winandeli simdidre, sasaxleebi, auracxeli ganZi da qoneba, romlis xelSi Cagdebas Tavis droze asureTis batonebi kvexulobdnen xolme. winaT maT qalaqebi hqondaT, IV s-Si ki salaparakodac ar Rirda... winaT qarTvelebi Zlier da mdidar erad iTvlebodnen, aReb-micemobisaTvis Soreul qveynebSi midiodnen da yvelgan saxeli hqondaT gavardnili. IV s-Si ki isini patar-patara tomebad iyvnen danawilebulni, mamacobis pativi mezoblebSiRa hqondaT SerCenili, msoflioSi ki maTi saxeli aRar ismoda~ (iv. javaxiSvili, t. I, gv. 70). s. janaSias sityviT rom vTqvaT, erT dros vrcel miwa-wyalze mcire aziasa, samxreT evropasa, kavkasiasa da CrdiloeT afrikis sanapiroze mcxovrebi qarTuli gvartomobis xalxebi, Zv.w. IV s-isaTvis mxolod kavkasiaSi SeyuJul tomebad iqcnen, magram ufal RmerTs isini araTu dauviwyebia, aramed mianiWa madli da misca Zala, raTa CamoeyalibebinaT erTiani, ~qarTlis samefod~ cnobili saxelmwifo. amiT ufalma dasavleT-aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleoba erTian erad Sekra. ufalma qarTvel ers misca sxva, WeSmariti didebac - gadauxsna guli da masSi Caunerga siyvaruli yovlad wmida samebisa, Secnoba uflis saxelisa, sabolood ki mis Svilebs aswavla gza sulis cxonebisa anu sulieri gadarCenisa, saukuno sicocxlis mopovebisa. kerZod, I s-Si qristes aRdgomis Semdeg, deda RvTisas mieca aRTqma qarTveli eris RvTisagan ~araugulebelyofis~ Sesaxeb. Cvenma macxovarma ieso qristem yovladwmida RvTismSobels misi wilxvdomili eris Sesaxeb ubrZana: ~hoi, dedao, Cemo, ara ugulubelvyo eri igi sazepuro ufros yovelTa naTesavTa, meoxebiT SeniTa maTTvis~ (~qarTlis cxovreba~, t. I, gv. 38). RvTismSoblisadmi micemuli am aRTqmiT qarTveli eri yvela qristesmoyvare eris msgavsad uflis rCeul erad iqca. am siyvarulis niSnad pirvel saukuneSive qarTvelma erma miiRo zeciT qsovili kvarTi uflisa, erTiani, mTliani da daunawevrebeli, niSnad imisa, rom ~sazepuro qarTveli eri~ mis wiaRSi Senaxuli kvarTis msgavsad mTliani da daunawevrebeli darCeboda, Tuki qristianobas daicavda. elodnen Tu ara saqarTveloSi mesiis mosvlas, hqondaT Tu ara qarTvelTa winaprebs codna mxsnelis Sesaxeb anda misi molodini? rogorc Zvel qarTvel saeklesio mweralTa Txzulebebidan Cans, rogorc I, aseve III-IV ss-Si CvenSi aramarto aseTi saxis codna, aramed misi sarwmunoebrivi gancdac arsebobda. amaze I s-Si eliozis dedis, xolo SemdegSi pirveli qristiani mefis, mociqulTaswor mirianis magaliTic metyvelebs. rogorc cnobilia, uflis jvarcmas saqarTvelodan ebraelebi elioz mcxeTeli da longinoz karsneli daeswrnen. ierusalimSi uflis jvarze mimsWvalva, wers Cveni mematiane, mcxeTaSi eliozis dedam ganicada da xmamaRali moTqmiT warmoTqva sityvebi, romlebidanac Cans, rom mxsnelis molodini imJamindel saqarTvelSic hqondaT: ~mSvidobiT, mefobao israelisao, rameTu ugunurebiT mokaliT ufali da macxovari yovelTa da iqmeniT borotad mkvlel Semoqmedisa Tquenisa~ (~qarTlis cxovreba~, I. gv. 37). mxsnelis gancda hqonia ara mxolod eliozis dedas, aramed mis das, mTel mis ojaxsa da saerTod saqarTveloSi Zveli aRTqmis mimdevar mTel sazogadoebas. ise Zlieri yofila es gancda, rom elioz mcxeTelis mier mcxeTaSi Camosvenebuli uflis kvarTi misma dam mkerdSi Caikra da suli ganuteva - ~meyvseulad sulni warxdes netarsa mas dedakacsa sam-saxeTa maT mizezTaTvis: pirvel ukue uflisa sikudilisa da vnebisa misisaTvis, meored rameTu eziara Zma igi misi sisxlsa uflisasa, xolo mesame, vinaiTgan moexsena dedisaca Tvisisa sikudili~ (iqve, gv. 37).

mcxeTaSi da saerTod saqarTveloSi, sadac inaxeboda Zveli aRTqmis udidesi siwmide - ilia winaswarmetyvelis xaleni da sadac iyo didi kolonia ebraelebisa, cxadia unda arsebuliyo codna mesiis Sesaxeb da misi molodini. garda amisa, saqarTveloSi garkveulwilad gavrcelebuli yofila cecxlTayvanismcemloba anu zoroastrizmi da misi ganStoeba miTraizmi. es iyo msoflioSi erTaderTi religia, romelic icnobda mesianizms (igulisxmeba bibliis gare samyaro). israelis winaswarmetyvelTa garda mxolod mazdeanobas swamda momavali sufeva uflisa da moeloda amqveynad msoflios mxsnelis mosvlas. amitomac miiCneva, rom ~suliwmida, romelic hqris iq, sadac surs~, bibliisgare samyaroSic amzadebda xalxebs macxovris misaRebad. marTlac, amqveynad Cveni macxovris movlinebis Semdeg zaratuStras moZRvrebam misia amowura da ramdenime saukunis manZilze mxolod inerciiT arsebobda, saqarTveloSi man adgili qristianobas dauTmo. mxsnelis molodinis gamo zaratuStras qurumebi - mogvebi - mividnen pirvelni Cveni macxovris iesos Sobisas mis Tayvansacemad. yovelive zemoTqmuli sainteresoa ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ erTi adgilis gansamarteblad, saidanac Cans, rom mefe miriani da, cxadia, qarTuli samyaro III-IV ss-Si mesiis mosvlis Sesaxeb gansakuTrebul codnas flobdnen. wmida ninos qadagebaTa da saswaulTa aRsrulebis Semdeg ~mirian mefe gankvirda da iwyo gamoZiebad sjulisa qristessa da mravalgzis hkiTxavn huriayofilsa mas abiaTars ZuelTa da axalTa wignTasa da igi auwyebda yovelsa. da wignica, romeli hqonda mirian mefesa nebroTisi, mas wignsa Sina pova werili esreT: ~...ukanasknelTa JamTa movides meufe igi cisa... man gixilos Wirsa Sina da gixsnes Sen~ (~qarTlis cxovreba~. I, gv. 105). ~huria-yofili~ ewodeba abiaTars, romelic wmida ninos mier gaqristianebula da iudauri sarwmunoeba dautovebia. mas, rogorc Zveli aRTqmis mRvdels, codnia Zveli aRTqmis wignebi, magram gaqristianebis Semdeg axali aRTqmis im dros arsebul wignebsac gascnobia. amitomac mefem misgan mravaljer gamoikiTxa cnobebi ~ZuelTa da axalTa wignTasa~. mefe mirians, romelic manamde cecxlTayvanismcemeli yofila, ~nebroTis wignic~ hqonia. es unda yofiliyo ara Zveli aRTqmis apokrifi, aramed swored zoroastrizmis sulieri codnis Semcveli ~sparsebis wmida wigni~ avesta, romelsac zogjer iranul bibliasac uwodeben. amaze isic miuTiTebs, rom ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ mariam dedofliseul variantSi qarTvelTa cxovrebis aRmwerel Txzulebas win uZRvis msoflio istoriisadmi miZRvnili nakveTi, romelSic nebroTi cecxlTayvanismcemlad da mis erT-erT moZRvradaa gamoyvanili. maSasadame, wmida ninos saswaulTa Semdgom mefe miriani sagangebod gaecno Zveli da axali aRTqmis umTavres ideas da cecxlTayvanismcemluri sarwmunoebis ZiriTad TvalsazrisTan Seadara. amis Semdgom, wers mematiane, ~gulisxma yo mefeman mirian, rameTu Zuelni wignni da axalni ewamebodes da nebroTis wignica daamtkicebda da Seeqmna survili qristes julisa~ (~qarTlis cxovreba~, I. gv. 105). ras ~ewamebodnen~ anu amtkicebdnen ~Zuelni da axalni wignni~? ra Tqma unda, winaswarmetyvelebas mesiis mosvlis Sesaxeb, romelsac ~daamtkicebda~ anu eTanxmeboda ~nebroTis wigni~. aman sulierad SeZra mefe miriani da xeli Seuwyo mis gaqristianebas. samefo ojaxSi ~nebroTis wignis~ arsebobis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs ara mxolod leonti, mroveli episkoposi, aramed sxva istorikosic - juanSeric, romelic vaxtang gorgaslis matianeSi mefe vaxtangs aTqmevinebs - ~mamaTa CvenTa farulad epyra wigni ese~. unda davaskvnaT, rom III-IV ss-Si qarTveli eris saukeTeso nawils gagebuli hqonda mesiis mosalodneli mosvlis Sesaxeb. esaias winaswarmetyvelebaSi vkiTxulobT: ~vumRereb Cems Seyvarebuls siyvarulis simReras mis venaxze: hqonda venaxi nayofier gorakze Cems Seyvarebuls, dabara, qvebi moacala, Cayara wiTeli vazi, Cadga koSki mis SuagulSi, sawnaxelic amokveTa iq da daeloda vidre savse mtevnebs gamoiRebda~ (esaia, 5:1-2). vazis ~savse mtevnebSi~ is igulisxmeba, rom uflis amqveynad mobrZanebis Jams igi mis ers viTarca RmerTi da mesia unda mieRo, magram ~savse mtevnebis~ gamomRebni qarTveli da sxva qristiani erebi aRmoCndnen, romelTac Seiyvares Cveni macxovari ieso qriste, da daicves sarwmunoeba saukuneTa manZilze. Tavi I. I-III saukuneebi saxelwodeba da mimarTuleba qarTuli eklesiisa qarTul eklesias uwodeben ~saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias~, magram mas uZvelesi droidan XVIII s-is CaTvliT ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia~ erqva. amis damamtkicebeli magaliTebis moyvanamde unda iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos samociqulo ek-

lesia Tavisi arsebobis pirveli dRidan marTlmadidebluria. wmida mefis daviT aRmaSeneblis dros mowveulma ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebam (1103 w.), romelmac erTgvarad Seajama Cveni eklesiis cxovreba, aRniSna, rom kreba qarTvelTa sarwmunoebaSi SeWrili raime biwisaTvis ki ar iyo mowveuli, aramed saorganizacio sakiTxebis mosagvareblad. bizantiis imperators konstantine dukiss (1059-1067) surda, Seetyo giorgi mTawmindelisagan, msoflios romeli eklesia iyo WeSmaritad marTlmadidebluri. msoflio eklesiis mnaTobma giorgi mTawmindelma erTmaneTs Seudara qarTuli, berZnuli, romisa da somxuri eklesiebi da imperators upasuxa, rom msoflios eklesiaTa Soris qarTuli eklesia yvelaze marTlmadidebluri iyo, radganac ubiwod daicva mociqulTa swavleba, arasodes SeubRalavs winaT, da amJamadac icavso: ~raJams erTgzis gvicnobies, arRara midrekili varT marcxul, gina marjul da arca mividrikebiT, Tu RmerTsa undes.~ bizantiis imperiis dacemam berZnuli eklesia daasusta. miuxedavad amisa, am eklesiam Tavisi sarwmunoebrivi upiratesoba ~romis kaTolike~ eklesiis winaSe imiT gamoxata, rom oficialurad Tavis Tavs uwoda ~orTodoqsuli~ anu swori, marTlmadidebluri eklesia. amis Semdeg XI-XIV ss-dan berZnuli orientaciis yvela axlad daarsebuli adgilobrivi avtokefaluri eklesia Tavis Tavs orTodoqsuls, anu ~marTlmadideblurs~ uwodebda. XX s-Si ~ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis~ saxelwodebis msgavsad qarTul eklesiasac ~saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia~ ewoda, Tumca qarTuli eklesia aris ara axali, aramed mociqulTa mier daarsebuli uZvelesi eklesia, romelic Tavisi arsiT yovelTvis marTlmadidebluri iyo. Cvenamde moRweuli sabuTebiT qarTul eklesias an ~saqarTvelos kaTolike samociqulo eklesia~, ~mcxeTis kaTolike samociqulo eklesia~, anda simartivisaTvis zogjer ~sveticxovlis kaTolike samociquli eklesia~ ewodeboda. aqve ganvmartavT, rom ~kaTolike~ - berZnuli sityvaa da sayovelTaos niSnavs. saqarTvelo mociqulTa dros Cvens qveyanaSi wm. andriasa da sxva mociqulebis moRvaweoba da qadageba Zvelad ueWvel WeSmaritebad iyo aRiarebuli. axal droSi, gansakuTrebiT XX s-is damdegs, wmida andrias saqarTveloSi qadageba legendad gamocxadda. amis erT-erT argumentad is miaCndaT, rom iberia umniSvnelo qveyana iyo, romelsac mociqulTa yuradRebis mipyroba ar SeeZlo. sinamdvileSi, I s-is 30iani wlebidan II s-is 60-iani wlebis CaTvliT, ese igi mociqulTa epoqaSi, iberia Zlieri saxelmwifo iyo, romelic faqtiurad mTel amierkavkasias moicavda. I-II ss-is saqarTvelos sidiadiTa da siZlieriT mxolod daviT aRmaSeneblisa da Tamaris droindeli saqarTvelo Tu Seedreba. amitomac romaeli istorikosebi tacitusi (daaxloebiT 55-116 ww.), dion kasiusi (daaxloebiT 153-235 ww.) da sxvebi siamovnebiT uTmobdnen TavianT TxzulebebSi adgils iberiis sisxlsavse cxovrebis aRweras, xolo Sua saukuneTa evropelebi antikuri drois iberias ukeT icnobdnen, vidre TavianTi drois saqarTvelos. I-II ss-Si sami saxelmwifo - romi, iberia da parTia (sparseTi) erTmaneTs ecilebodnen, vrcel teritorias amierkavkasiis samxreTiT. iberia ise gaZlierebuli iyo, rom SeeZlo romaelTa daxmarebis gareSe daemarcxebina parTiis saxelmwifo. ramdenjerme asec moxda. amitom roms iberiis metismeti gaZlierebis eSinoda. imperatorma avgustusma (Zv.w. 43 - ax. w. 14), romlis drosac wmida saxarebis mixedviT, iSva Cveni ufali da macxovari ieso qriste, safuZveli daudo megobrul urTierTobas romis imperiasa da iberiis samefos Soris. megobrobam, romelic I-II ss-Ta manZilze grZeldeboda, gaaZliera da ganadida iberia. Zvel istorikosTa cnobebs iberiis Sesaxeb adastureben arqeologebi, romlebic rwmundebian, rom qarTvel ers, Tu Tamaris epoqas ar vigulisxmebT, aseTi mdidari da brwyinvale saxelmwifo arasodes hqonia. I-II ss-Si iberiis sazRvrebi icvleboda, magram ZiriTadad dasavleTiT igi Sav zRvamde aRwevda, xolo aRmosavleTiT albaneTi da aseve somxeTic misi gavlenis sferoSi Sedioda. rac Seexeba kavkasiis gadaRma mosaxle alanebsa da sarmatebs, iberia maT sagareo omebSi Tavisi saWiroebisamebr iyenebda. arqeologiuri Seswavla saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxisa dabejiTebiT adasturebs, rom dasavleT-aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mociqulTa epoqaSi erTiani kultura hqonda da rom saqarTvelo mociqulTa epoqamdec ganviTarebuli qveyana yofila, romelic Semdeg saukuneebSi kidev ufro gaZlierda. cnobilia, rom romis imperatorma antonius piusma (133-161) iberiis mefe farsman II romSi miiwvia. dedaqalaqSi mas sazeimo Sexvedra mouwyves. dion kasiusis mixedviT impe-

rators ~gaufarTovebia misi samflobelo. sapatio qarTvel stumars neba darTes, msxverpli Seewira kapitoliumSi. imperatori daswrebia farsmanis, misi Zisa da sxva qarTveli didebulebis samxedro varjiSs. romSi daidga farsmanis cxenosani qandakeba. antonius piusis biografis iulius kapitolinis mixedviT farsmanis romSi Casvla imperatoris pativiscemad iqna miCneuli~. rogorc zemoT moyvanili faqtidan Cans, saqarTvelo mociqulTa epoqaSi, I-II ss-Si mtkice da Zlieri qveyana iyo. hqonda gafarToebuli sazRvrebi, gaxldaT simdidriT saxelganTqmuli, ekonomikuri cxovrebiT, maRalganviTarebuli sazogadoebrivi urTierTobiT dawinaurebuli. saqarTveloze saerTaSoriso savaWro gzebi gadioda. qarTlis dedaqalaqi mcxeTa ara marto didi strategiuli gzebis, aramed savaWro gzebis gadakveTazec mdebareobda. romauli sagzao ruka ~tabula peutengeriani~ IV s-Sia Sedgenili, magram igi I-II sis masalebs emyareba. rogorc am rukidan da ~qarTlis cxovrebidan~ Cans, andria pirvelwodebuli saqarTveloSi Semosula im gziT, romelic oZrxedan (abasTumani) midioda Sida saqarTveloSi da sebastopolisSi (soxumSi) mTavrdeboda. oZrxedan es gza ara marto klarjeTsa, Sida qarTlsa da taoSi miemarTeboda, aramed uerTdeboda trapezuntsac, saidanac pirveli mogzaurobis dros Semovida mociquli andria, xolo sxva mogzaurobis dros mas taos gziTac usargeblia. mociqulTa epoqis saqarTvelos brwyinvaleba da sidiade ar asaxa ~qarTlis cxovrebam~, radgan misi erTi nawili VI-VII ss-Si, im drosaa redaqtirebuli, roca saqarTvelos Tavisufleba dakarguli hqonda, saxelmwifoebrioba gauqmebuli iyo da qveyanaSi sparseTi batonobda, romelic monofizitebs uWerda mxars. wm. andriasa da sxva mociqulebis qadageba saqarTveloSi ufalma ieso qristem Tavisi amqveyniuri moRvaweobis dros israelis siwmidiT rCeuli pirebi daimowafa. maT Soris pirvelad gamoarCia andria, romelsac mouwoda anu mouxmo misi mowafe yofiliyo. andriam Semdgom Tavis Zmas petres uambo qristes Rvawlis Sesaxeb da petrec ieso qristes mowafe gaxda. mowafeTa Soris pirvelma petrem Seicno, rom misi moZRvari ieso iyo swored is ~macxovari~, romelsac eloda mTeli imJamindeli palestina da aRmosavleTi, da romelsac unda exsna kacobrioba, kerZod Seerigebina ufali RmerTi da kacTa modgma. adamis codvis gamo xom kacobriobam, codvebSi mcxovrebma, ganarisxa ufali. amitom dauZleveli kedeli aRimarTa RvTis madlsa da kacobriobas Soris da kacobriobas isev RvTisagan esaWiroeboda Semweoba, gamoxsna pirveli codvis anu eSmakis borkilisgan. amitomac ineba yovladwmida samebis meore wevrma gankaceba da es iyo ieso qriste, rac pirvelad amoicno petre mociqulma. wmida andria mociqulma ara marto gaaqristiana qarTvelebi, aramed pirveli qarTuli saepiskoposoc daaarsa qalaq awyurSi. iq daniSna episkoposi da datova ramdenime mRvdeli da diakoni. faqtiurad es iyo Seqmna qarTuli eklesiisa Tavisi ierarqiiT. andria mociqulma Semdegi mogzaurobis dros, I s-is 30-ian wlebSi, saqarTveloSi sxva mociqulebic Camoiyvana, kerZod, mesame mogzaurobisas mas mociqulebi svimon kananeli da mataTa Camouyvania. amis Sesaxeb cnobas epifane konstantinopoleli (VIII s.) iZleva. am ori mociqulis oris saflavi axlac saqarTveloSia: svimeon kananelisa axal aTonSi da mataTasi - baTumTan axlos, gonios cixesimagreSi. garda zemoT dasaxelebuli mociqulebisa, saqarTveloSi sxva mociqulebsac umoRvawiaT. efrem mcire berZnul wyaroebze dayrdnobiT werda, rom Cvens qveyanaSi iqadaga mociqulma barTlomem. am azrs icavs arqanjelo lambertic. xolo XVI s-is erTi slavuri wyaro qarTul eklesias Toma mociqulis mier daarsebulad miiCnevs. mociqulebis mier daarsebuli yvela eklesia, sadac unda yofiliyo is, avtokefaluri (damoukidebeli) iyo. amitom qarTuli eklesiac daarsebidan avtokefaluria. wm. andrias mimosvla saqarTveloSi ufalma ieso qristem zecad amaRlebis dros Tavis mowafeebs ubrZana: ~warvediT da moimowafeniT yovelni warmarTni~. e.i. misi mowafeni msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi unda wasuliyvnen da qristianuli sarwmunoeba eqadagaT. amitom isini qristes wargzavnilebad anu ~mociqulebad~ iwodnen. xolo radganac ar icodnen, saxeldobr romel konkretul qveyanaSi unda wasuliyvnen, wili yares. furclebze anu ~qartaze~ daweres sxvadasxva qveynis saxeli da, visac romeli qveyana Sexvdeboda, iq gaemgzavreboda saqadageblad. wilisyraSi monawileobda yovladwmida RvTismSobeli mariamic. mas wilad xvda qarta, romelzec ewera ~iveria~. moemzada kidec saqarTveloSi gamosamgzav-

reblad, magram gamoecxada ieso qriste da uTxra, Seni miZinebis Jamma (e.i. zecad amaRlebis drom) moawia (moaxlovda), amitom saqarTveloSi Sens nacvlad andria pirvelwodebuli gagzavne, qarTvel ers ki me vupatroneb saukuneTa dasasrulamde, xolo iveria RvTismSoblis wilxvedr qveynad iwodebao. amitom qomagobda RvTismSobeli qarTvel ers, qarTul enas da saqarTvelos eklesias. andria mociquli pirvelad qalaq trapizonSi movida. ~qarTlis cxovreba~ am qalaqis sanaxebs megrelTa qveyanas uwodebs. Semdeg andria mociquli Sevida didaWaraSi da daiwyo saxarebis qadageba. mravali Wiri da gansacdeli Sexvda mas. iq, sadac wminda xati daasvena, wyarom gamoCqefa. iqaurma qarTvelebma RmrTismSoblis saxelze eklesia aaSenes, romelSic RmrTismSoblis xatis piri iqna dabrZanebuli (im adgilas axla mdebareobs sofeli ~didaWara~). amis Semdeg andriam gamovlo mTa, romelsac rkinis jvari ewodeba, Caiara md. oZrxis xevi (amJamindeli abasTumnis raioni) da sofel zaden-goraSi mivida, sadac locvis ZaliT kerpebi daamxo. amis Semdeg Cavida sofel awyverSi, romelsac sosanigeTi ewodeboda. aq qvriv dedakacs - samZivars erTaderTi mkvdari vaJi gaucocxla. am saswaulis Sedegad mTeli mxare qristianul sarwmunoebaze moiqca da sixaruliT moinaTla. andriam maT episkoposi, mRvdlebi da diakvnebi daudgina da didi Txovnis Semdeg RmrTismSoblis xelTuqmneli xatic dautova. amis Semdeg saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebic moiara, qadagebiT Cavida taoSi, mdinare Woroxamde, aqedan ki Sida qarTlSi gaemgzavra da Semdeg egrisis gziT svaneTs Cavida. mociquli mataTa sxva mowafeebTan erTad am mxareebSi darCa, xolo andria svimon kananelTan erTad alaniaSi gaemgzavra, sadac maT mravali moaqcies. aqedan isini ukan dabrundnen da afxazeTSi Sevidnen, mividnen sebastopolSi, romelsac cxumi ewodeba. aq netarma andriam datova svimon kananeli sxva mowafeebTan erTad da Tavad jiqeTSi gadavida. jiqeTSi misi ar Seismines, amitom datova es mxare da wavida. sxvadasxva drois istorikosTa cnobebi gvidasturebs, rom saqarTveloSi uqadagiaT mociqulebs: andrias, svimons, mataTas, barTlomes, Tomasa da Tadeozs. Tormet mociqulTagan eqvsi mociqulis saqarTveloSi qadageba gasaocrad ar mogveCveneba, Tu gavixsenebT, rom iberiis saxelmwifo mociqulTa dros moicavda mTel kavkasias - albaneTs, somxeTs da mcire aziis provinciebs parTiamde. mis xelSi iyo ara marto Crdilo kavkasia da sarmatiisaken mimavali gzebi, aramed parTiisaken mimavali gzac. garda amisa, mcire aziis is mxare, romelTac Semdgom pontos diocezi ewoda, qarTvelebiT iyo dasaxlebuli. mociqulTa mier daarsebuli pirveli avtokefaluri eklesiebi qarTuli eklesiis mRvdelmTavrebi didi Camolocvis, puris kurTxevis, an sxva msgavsi locvis dros valdebulni arian, moixsenon andria pirvelwodebuli, svimon kananeli, barTlome da Tadeozi, rac imas niSnavs, rom CamoTvll mociqulebs saukuneTa maZnilze qarTuli eklesia saqarTvelos ganmanaTleblebad miiCnevda. saqarTveloSi ara marto 12 mociqulTagan, aramed 70 mociqulTaganac yofilan da uqadagiaT laTin istorikosTa cnobiT II-III ss-Sic saqarTvelo samisionero asparezi yofila da msoflio qristianuli centrebi yuradRebas ar aklebdnen mas. pirveli qarTuli eklesia, romelic TviT mociqulebma daaarses, uwyvetad arsebobda, Tumca qristianoba I-III ss-Si ar iqca iberiis saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad, iseve rogorc romis imperiaSi, radganac warmarTuli sarwmunoeba kvlav Zlieri iyo. qarTuli eklesia samociquloa, mociqulTa mier daarsebuli, magram es ar aZlevs mas, rogorc sxva samociqulo eklesiebs, raime upiratesobas sxva adgilobriv eklesiebTan SedarebiT. marTlmadidebeli eklesia, miuxedavad imisa, rom dayofilia ramdenime TavisTavad anu avtokefalur eklesiad, Seadgens erT wminda kaTolike da samociqulo eklesias. I-III ss-Si mociqulTa mier daarsebuli eklesiebi saerTo miwier centrs ar eqvemdebarebodnen da yovel eklesias Tavisi saepiskoposo mmarTveloba hqonda. mTel dedamiwaze gabneulma mociqulebma erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad (magram erTobis saxeliT) daaarses eklesiebi, romelnic samarTavad episkoposebs gadasces da isinic iseve damoukideblad moqmedebdnen eklesiis SigniT, rogorc mociqulebi. am pirvel, sxvadasxva nacionalur eklesias Seexeba mociqulTa 34-e kanoni, romlis mixedviT adgilobrivi eklesiis yoveli saqme wydeba mis episkoposTa krebis mier, e.i. ar arsebobs eklesiaTa saerTo miwieri centri, romelsac unda daeqvemdebaros yvela eklesia. mociqulebma ara mart daaarses eklesiebi, aramed maTi avtokefalurobis dacvazec

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izrunes. amitomac daicva III msoflio krebam (431 w. efesoSi) patara kviprosis eklesiis avtokefalia, roca didi antioqiis eklesias misi daqvemdebareba surda. rogorc aRvniSneT, CvenSi qristianuli eklesia da mrevli I s-idan uwyvetad arsebobda, rasac arqeologiuri masalebic adasturebs. magaliTad, arqeologebis mier mikvleulia jer kidev wm. ninomde qristianuli mosaxleobis arsebobis damadasturebeli kvali - II-III ss-Ta qristianuli samarxni (mcxeTis midamoebSi, agreTve Cveni qveynis sxvadasxva kuTxeSi, rogorc dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi), qristianuli eklesiis naSTi (nastakisSi IV saukunemdeli). maSasadame, qristianuli saeklesio organizacia saqarTveloSi wmida ninos mosvlamde arsebobda. qarTuli eklesiis samwyso ~qarTlis cxovreba~ da sxva istoriuli qronikebi amtkiceben, rom samwyso qarTuli eklesiisa I-IV ss-Si erTiani qarTveli eri iyo. eri aris materialuri da sulieri kavSiris mqone mkvidri mosaxleoba, romlis wevrebic garda xorciel-sulieri erTobisa, erTmaneTTan SekavSirebulni arian istoriiTac (igulisxmeba antikuri da feodaluri epoqebi). ismeba kiTxva, arsebobda Tu ara qarTveli eri, qarTuli eklesiis momavali samwyso, erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos - qarTlis samefos Seqmnis epoqaSi (qristemde IV-III ss-Si)? amisaTvis unda ganvsazRvroT, hqondaT Tu ara imdroindel qarTul tomebs erisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi elementebi: saerTo ena, saerTo teritoria, saerTo kulti - erTmorwmuneoba, rac fsiqikuri wyobis erTobasa da sulieri kulturis erTianobas niSnavs, saerTo kultura, saerTo eTnikuri warmoSoba, ganuwyveteli istoriuli kavSiri da saerTo ekonomikuri kavSiri. saerTo qarTuli - koine ena saqarTveloSi qristianobis gavrcelebis anu wmida mociqulebis qadagebaTa dros, ori aTaswleulis mijnaze, I-II saukuneebSi, qarTvelebs jer kidev aerTianebdaT fuZe qarTuli ena, cnobili enaTmecnieris g. maWavarianis kvlevis mixedviT saerTo fuZe qarTuli enis diferenciacia axali dawyebuli iyo, ~qarTul-zanuri erTiani enis diferenciacia axali welTaRricxvis mijnaze daiwyo~ (T. gamyreliZe, g. maWavariani, sonantTa sistema da ablauti qarTvelur enebSi, 1965, gv. 17). maSasadame, Zvel saqarTveloSi, mTel qveyanaSi mociqulebis moRvaweobis dros bunebrivad arsebobda saerTo anu koine ena. rogorc cnobilia, yvela qarTul toms Tavdapirvelad hqonda erTi fuZe anu saerTo ena. misi daSla-danawevreba dialeqtebad, e.i. svanuris, zanurisa (megrul-lazurisa) da saliteraturo qarTulis erTmaneTisagan gamoyofa moxda TandaTanobiT, saukuneTa manZilze. fuZe enidan svanuris gamokveTis Semdeg Camoyalibebula axali saerTo ena e.w. ~qarTul-zanuri~ anu ~zanur-qarTuli~. es erTiani enac Semdeg dialeqtebad daSlila. rogorc vTqviT g. maWavarians zanur-qarTuli enobrivi erTobis daSlis dasawyisad I-II saukuneebi miaCnia, g. klimovs - Zveli welTaRricxvis VIII saukune (. , , , . . 1959, . 121). qristianoba ~mwignobruli~ sarwmunoeba iyo. wmida wignebis (Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebis) Sinaarsis codna savaldebulo gaxldaT morwmuneebisaTvis, garda amisa pirveli mqadageblebi, Semdeg ki saeklesio moRvaweebi valdebulni iyvnen xalxisaTvis gasageb enaze waekiTxaT adgilebi wmida wignebidan, xolo Semdeg ganemartaT isini, esaubraT sarwmunoebriv da moralur sakiTxebze. rogorc vTqviT, mociqulebis qadagebaTa dros jer kidev mTliani gaxldaT saerTo e.w. ~zanur-qarTuli ena~ (is jer kidev ar iyo daSlili), saerTod ki saerTo qarTuli fuZe enis diferenciacia axali dawyebuli iyo. maSasadame, mociqulebs saqarTveloSi daxvdaT ena, romelic saerTo iyo dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobisaTvis. es saerTo ena maT gadauqceviaT saeklesio enad, romelsac amJamad ewodeba ~Zveli qarTuli ena~. maSasadame, Zveli qarTuli ena iyo ara romelime tomis ena, aramed saerTo fuZe qarTul enaze dafuZnebuli saerTo-saxalxo ena (aRsaniSnavia, rom ruseTis imperiasa da sabWoTa epoqaSi qarTveli eris daSla-danawevrebis mizniT SemuSavebuli iqna Teoria, TiTqosda Zveli qarTuli ena iyo mxolod Sida qarTlis mosaxleobis, e.w. qarTis tomis ena, romelic TiTqosda Semdgom gavrcelda samxreT da dasavleT saqarTveloSi). Zveli qarTveli mematianeebis mixedviT Zveli qarTuli ena imTaviTve, mociqulTa epoqidanve iyo yvela qarTuli tomisaTvis saRvTismsaxuro ena, rogorc dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi. amitomac IV s-dan XIX-XX saukuneebamde qristianobis sa-

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xelmwifo sarwmunoebad aRiarebidan, vidre avtokefaliis gauqmebamde rogorc aRmosavleT, ise dasavleT saqarTvelos yvvela kuTxeSi, maT Soris afxazeTsa, svaneTsa da samegreloSi saeklesio da saliteraturo saWiroebisaTvis mxolod Zveli qarTuli ena gamoiyeneboda. arc erTi adgilobrivi enakavi Tu dialeqti saRvTismetyvelo mizniT gamoyenebuli ar yofila. Zveli qarTuli saeklesio ena, romelic, amave dros, saerTo-saxalxo, saliteraturo ena gaxldaT, xasiaTdeboda zogaderovnuli mTlianobiT, miuxedavad qveynis daqsaqsva-dayofisa, ar amJRavnebda tomobriv-geografiul mikerZoebas, arc enobriv-stilisturad, arc ideur-politikuri TvalsazrisiT, amitom ar arsebobda aRmosavlurqarTuli, samxreTqarTuli da dasavlurqarTuli literaturuli mimarTulebani. mTeli qarTuli sasuliero Tu saero literatura (mwerloba) arsebiTad iyo erTiani qarTuli, saqarTvelos romel kuTxeSic ar unda Seqmniliyo esa Tu is nawarmoebi da romeli qarTuli tomis warmomadgenelic ar unda yofiliyo misi avtori. ~es movlena literaturis istoriaSi sayovelTao xasiaTisa ar aris, vinaidan msoflios bevri mowinave literaturis istoria tomobriv-kuTxuri mimarTulebiT viTardeboda da es mimarTulebani Rrma kvals tovebdnen saerTo-erovnuli literaturis ganviTarebaze~ (m. rexviaSvili, imereTis samefo, 1989, gv. 472). ismis kiTxva: ratom ar warmoiqmna Zvel saqarTveloSi literaturis kuTxur-tomobrivi mimarTulebani maSin, roca iSviaTi gamonaklisis garda, Cveni qveyana iyo ara erTiani saxelmwifo, aramed Sidafeodaluri omebiT moculi erTmaneTisagan damoukidebeli politikur-administraciuli warmonaqmnebi, ufro metad ganawilebulni ucxo saxelmwifoTa Soris (igulisxmeba VI-XVIII saukuneebi)? es kiTxva Zalze mniSvnelovania. rogorc iTqva, msoflios maRalganviTarebulma mravalma erma Tavi ver aarida kuTxuri literaturis Seqmnas. unda gairkves, ra iyo mizezi imisa, rom saqarTvelos nebismier kuTxeSi Seqmnili qarTuli mwerlobis Zegli saerTo qarTuli iyo enobrivi TvalsazrisiT. swored am sakiTxis rkvevas qristianuli arqeologiis monacemebze dayrdnobiT Seexeba Cveni Tema. winaswar ki unda ganvacxadoT, rom saqarTveloSi qarTuli saeklesio-saliteraturo enis zogaderovnuloba, erTaderToba da yovlismomcveloba gamowveuli iyo qarTveli eris enobrivi mTlianobiT saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi mTlianobis daSlamde, e.i. XV-XVI ss-mde, marTalia, arsebobdnen dialeqtebi, magram isini Zalze axlos idgnen erTmaneTTan, riTac qmnidnen enobriv mTlianobas. XVI-XVIII ss-Si kuTxuri saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebis qarTlis, kaxeTis, imereTis samefoebis, sxva samTavroebis warmoqmnis kvaldakval warmoiqmna Sesabamisi dialeqtebi. Cans, qarTluri, kaxuri, imeruli da sxva dialeqtebi arian ara uZveles dros warmoqmnilni, aramed erTiani saqarTvelos daSlisa da kuTxuri samefo-samTavroebis Camoyalibebis Semdeg Camoyalibebulni, aseve, rogorc iTqva, kuTxuri qarTveluri enebic SedarebiT axali warmonaqmnia. igulisxmeba, rom saerToqarTuli fuZe enis daSla dialeqtur doneze da misgan zanuris gamoyofa moxda ara uZveles dros qristeSobamde aTaswleulebiT adre, aramed axali welTaRricxvis mijnaze, maSin roca safuZveli eyreboda erTiani qarTuli saeklesio-saRvTissamsaxuro enis Seqmnas. amis Sesaxeb miuTiTebda jer kidev ivane javaxiSvili. igi werda: ~qarTul ers Tavisi mravalsaukunovani saxelmwifoebrivi samwerlobo ena hqonda da aqvs, romelic megrelebisa da svanebisaTvisac erTaderTi samwerlobo da kulturis ena iyo da aris axlac, romlis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSic megrelebsa da svanebsac TavianTi wvlili aqvT Setanili~ (iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani 12 tomad, t. 1, 1979, gv. 154). maSasadame, iv. javaxiSvilis mtkicebiT, qarTuli saliteraturo enis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSi megrelebsa da svanebs TavianTi wvlili aqvT Setanili, magram romeli xana igulisxmeba? cxadia, IV-V saukuneebi, rodesac mimdinareobda wmida werilis Targmna-gadmoReba qarTul enaze. SeeZloT Tu ara megrelebsa da svanebs IV-V saukuneebSi qarTuli samwerlobo enis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSi monawileobis miReba? am kiTxvasac pasuxi gasca ivane javaxiSvilma. man daamtkica, rom jer kidev warmarTobis dros, anu IV saukunemde gacilebiT adre, yvela qarTuli tomis mier, maT Soris samegrelosa da svaneTSi warmarTuli kerpTmsaxureba, anu warmarTuli locva-rituali qarTul enaze aResruleboda. ivane javaxiSvili werda: ~aramcTu sazogado qarTuli, yvela qarTuli tomisaTvis, maT Soris megrelTa da svanTaTvisac, saerTo warmarToba arsebobda, aramed rom am warmarTobas saerTo terminologiac, saerTo enac qarTuli hqonia~ (iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, t. I, 1979, gv. 156). qristianuli sarwmunoebis qadagebamde yvela qarTul toms hqonda saerTo sarwmunoeba (warmarTuli), saerTo qarTuli eniTa da saerTo terminologiiT. amitomac unda

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vifiqroT, rom qristianobis pirveli mqadageblebi saqarTveloSi isargeblebdnen ukve arsebuli saerTo qarTuli sakulto eniT. saeklesio liturgikuli enis safuZvlebis Ziebis dros Cven usaTuod unda gaviTvaliswinoT qristianobis qadagebis pirvel saukuneTa saSualebani, radganac arqeologiuri monapovrebi miuTiTebs, rom saqarTveloSi qristianebis raRac raodenoba ukve IIIII saukuneebSi cxovrobda. amaze werilobiTi wyaroebic metyvelebs. romis imperiasa da sxvagan arsebuli qristianuli Temebis cxovrebas Seexeba uZvelesi Zegli ~swavla Tormeti mociqulisa~ anu diadaqe. igi asaxavs II-III saukuneTa yofas, Tumca TviTon am Zegls IV s-is damdegiT aTariRebdnen. es Zegli Cven gamogvadgeba II-III saukuneTa saqarTveloSi qristianuli Temebis saeklesio enis sakiTxebis rkvevisas. didaqes analizi gviCvenebs, rom qristianul TemSi JamiT-Jamad ucxo mxridan modiodnen xolme mosiarule mociqulebi, winaswarmetyvelebi da moZRvrebi. maT TemSi sam dReze meti xniT darCenis ufleba ar hqondaT. mociqulebi qristianuli Temis wevrebs ase arigebdnen momsvlelTa Sesaxeb: ~vinc TqvenTan mova da gaswavliT... miiReT igi... Tu moZRvari TviTon miiqceva sxva swavlebisken... ar isminoT misi~ (didaqe, XI, 1,2). moZRvris movaleoba iyo xalxisaTvis eswavlebina zepiri sityviT - ~simarTle da codna ufalze~. mrevlis movaleoba iyo ~moesmina moZRvris sityva. aqedan Cans, rom pirvelqristianTa Soris mosuli moZRvrebi zepiri sityvis meSveobiT da ara werilobiTi saxiT qristianebs gadascemdnen saqristiano codnas. es gansakuTrebiT iTqmis winaswarmetyvelTa Sesaxeb, romelTac evalebodaT xmamaRali qadageba cocxali sityviT. winaswarmetyvelebi ~metyveleben~. kerZod esaa, ~sulis mier metyveleba~ (didaqe, XI, 8), amis garda igi ~aswavlis WeSmaritebas~, anda ~aswavlis imas, rasac Tavad iqms~ (didaqe, XI, 11). romeli eniT unda eqadagaT saqarTveloSi qristian winaswarmetyvelebs, moZRvrebsa da mosiarule mociqulebs? qristianobis upirvelesi wesiT mociqulebs yovel xalxSi adgilobrivi eniT unda eqadagaT. es iyo ara mociqulTa piradi survili, aramed saRmrTo neba suliwmidis mier gacxadebuli. cxadia, II-III saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi mcxovreb qristianTa Soris ~mosiarule mociqulebs, moZRvrebsa da winaswarmetyvelebs~ unda eqadagaT xalxis eniT. amasTanave unda iTqvas, rom SeuZlebelia, saqarTvelos kuTxidan kuTxeSi, xevidan xevSi mosiarule mqadageblebs or-sam dReSi SeeTvisebinaT Temis, kuTxis Tu xevis dialeqti (ena), amitom, cxadia, mqadagebelTa winaSe saqarTveloSi Tavidanve unda dasmuliyo sakiTxi, Tu rogor moegvarebinaT enobrivi problema ise, rom maTi naTqvami da naloci sityva xalxisaTvis gasagebi yofiliyo. amitomac mqadageblebs unda gamoekvliaT, hqonda Tu ara am xalxs saerTo koine ena anda saerTo wmida - saRvTismsaxuro ena, romelic yvelas esmoda. aseve moiqcnen isini berZnebTanac. maT berZnul dialeqtTa Soris upiratesoba mianiWes saerTo koine enas, gasagebs yvvela dialeqtis mqone berZenisaTvis da am enaze ara mxolod gadasces sityva, aramed Caweres kidec wmida saxareba. arsebobda Tu ara qarTuli saerTo wmida ena, anu ena, romliTac warmarTul kultmsaxurebas aRasrulebdnen qarTvelebi? rogorc zemoT iTqva, aseTi ena arsebobda da samegrelosa da svaneTSic warmarTuli sakulto ceremoniali Zvel qarTul (anu saerTo) enaze aResruleboda wmida ninos Semosvlamde didi xniT adre. swored es saerTo saRvTismetyvelo qarTuli ena unda gamoeyenebinaT II-III saukuneTa mosiarule mociqulebs, winaswarmetyvelebsa da moZRvrebs saqarTveloSi. enaTmecnierebma zogierTi qarTuli sityvis lingvisturi analiziT gamoarkvies, rom qristianuli swavleba CvenSi vrceldeboda zepiri gziT. ~uZvelesi berZnuli nasesxobebi qarTulSi istoriulad uSores periodTanaa dakavSirebuli... sityvebi: - eklesia, kereoni, monazoni, guteri da sxva qristianuli eklesiis upirveles wmidanTa da angelozTa saxelebTan erTad is sityvebia, romlebic umetes SemTxvevaSi zepiri gziTaa gavrcelebuli CvenSi, da, romelTac Semdeg qristianuli literaturis TargmanebSic ucvlelad SeinarCunes zepiri gavrcelebis zogierTi niSani. pirvel rigSi, es iTqmis im sakuTar saxelebze, romlebic berZnuli wodebiTi brunvis formiTaa gadmocemuli qarTulSi: iesu qriste, pavle, damiane da sxva mravali~ (neli maxaraZe, bizantiuri berZnulis warmoTqmis sakiTxebi, 1978, gv. 58). maSasadame, qristianobis zepiri gziT gavrcelebisas, I-III saukuneebSi, Camoyalibda Sesabamisi qarTuli terminologia, amitomac qristianuli literaturis qarTul enaze Targmna, IV-V saukuneebSi SedarebiT gaadvilda, amasTanave es terminologia saerTo fuZe - qarTul enasTan daaxloebuli iyo radganac, Camoyalibda im dros, rodesac is-is iyo iwyeboda diferenciacia saerTo zanur-qarTuli enisa. sabolood davaskvniT, rom dasavlel da aRmosavlel qarTvelTa aqtiuri urTierT TanamSromlobis Sedegad unda Camoyalibebuliyo is saocari Zveli qarTuli saeklesioliturgikuli da amasTanave saliteraturo ena, romelic moicavda sruliad saqarTve-

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loSi arsebul dialeqtebs (maT Soris megrulsa da svanurs) da iqvemdebarebda maT. saqarTveloSi im droisaTvis, TiTqmis 1600 wlis win arsebuli dialeqtebi Zalze axlos unda yofiliyvnen erTmaneTTan, rogorc es mravaglzis aRiniSna, da erTmaneTisagan ufro naklebad daSorebulni, vidre amJamad arian. rogorc cnobilia, erT dros qarTebis, megrelebisa da svanebis enebi erT enobriv mTlianobas qmnida da mxolod Semdgom aTaswleulTa manZilze daSordnen isini erTmaneTs. farnavazis mier erTiani, dasavleTaRmosavleT saqarTvelos momcveli saxelmwifos warmoSobis Semdeg da ax. w. II-III saukuneebSi qristianobis qadagebaTa Jams, Cans, mTel saqarTveloSi jer kidev esmodaT is erTiani ena, romelic safuZvlad dasdebia warmarTul kultmsaxurebis enas, Semdgom ki qristianul RvTismsaxureba, qadagebas. imJamad jer kidev arsebuli enobrivi erToba daedeboda safuZvlad IV s-is bolosa da V s-is damdegs pirvel mTargmnelTa saqmianobas. am procesSi, rogorc ioane lazisa da petre iberiis urTierTTanamSromlobis magaliTi gviCvenebs, monawileobas iRebda mTeli qarTveli eris inteleqtualuri zedafena. swored ase unda gavigoT Cven ivane javaxiSvilis naTqvami, rom qarTuli saliteraturo enis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSi TavianTi wvlili SeutaniaT megrelebsa da svanebs, e.i. dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTvelobas. mxolod amis Sedegi iyo is, rom ~megrelebisa da svanebisaTvis erTaderTi samwerlo da kulturis ena iyo da aris dResac Zveli qarTuli ena~ (iv. javaxiSvili). amis Sedegi iyo isic, rom rogorc aRiniSna, saqarTveloSi arasodes Seqmnila raime Txzuleba anda ubralo warwerebic ki romelime kuTxur dialeqtze. Zveli qarTuli saliteraturo ena sinamdvileSi iyo saqarTvelos yvela kuTxis mkvidrTaTvis mSobliuri, umTavresi anu deda ena. saerTo teritoria da saerTo saxelmwifo sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos (~qarTlis samefos~) Seqmnamde qarTuli tomebi cxovrobdnen kavkasiaSi. isini cxovrobdnen mWidrod erTmaneTis gverdiT, erTmaneTis mezoblad. qarTebis anu mesxebis, kolxebis (megrel-lazebis, svanebis), herebis, kaxelebisa da sxv. garda amierkavkasiis centralur da dasavleT teritoriebze arc erTi araqarTuli tomi ar cxovrobda. qarTveli tomebi teritoriulad gayofilni, erTmaneTisgan daSorebul-dacilebulni ar yofilan arc geografiuli dabrkolebiT da arc ucxo araqarTuli tomebiT. maT saerTo warmoSobisa da sisxlismieri naTesaobis garda aerTianebdaT saerTo qarTuli ena, saerTo sarwmunoeba. kavkasiaSive da ara sxvagan momxdara maTi saerTo fuZe enis daSla, romelic mimdinareobda TandaTanobiT mravali saukunis manZilze. saerTo fuZe enis daSlamde Seqmnila erTiani saxelmwifo - ~qarTlis samefo~. am saxelmwifoSi Sediodnen rogorc qarTebi, aseve megrel-lazebi da svanebi. Tumca am dros es tomebi axlad iwyebdnen erTmaneTisgan gaTiSvas. adre maT aerTianebdaT saerTo fuZe ena, saerTo warmoSoba, xolo saxelmwifos warmoqmnis Semdeg maT, saerTo teritoriaze mosaxle am tomebs, aerTianebdaT saerTo saxelmwifo. Zvel qarTuli matianeebisa (~qarTlis cxovreba~, ~moqcevai qarTlisai) da eklesiis mamaTa mier gadmocemuli cnobebis mixedviT mefe farnavazis epoqidan, vidre XIX saukunemde arsebuli saqarTvelos saxelmwifo (da misi erTeulebi) imTaviTve iyo Semoqmedi qarTvelTa istoriisa, rogorc gaqristianebamde, ise mis Semdeg. saqarTvelos mmarTvelTa saxelmwifoebrivi politika iyo istoria Cveni qveynisa. qarTvelTa gaqristianebis Semdeg eris mmarTvelTa wres saxelmwifo da saeklesio ierarqebi Seadgendnen. sabWoTa epoqis istorikosebi sagangebod Cqmalavdnen erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos arsebobas mefe farnavazis epoqidan da isini farnavazs mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mmarTvelad miiCnevdnen. maTi TvalsazrisiT erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifo TiTqosda mxolod XI s-is Semdeg Camoyalibda, rac Zvel qarTvel mematianeTa cnobebis sruli uaryofa, maT mier gadmocemuli istoriis damaxinjebaa. cnobilia, rom qarTlis anu iberiis samefo sakmaod mdgradi politikuri erTeuli iyo da is aerTianebda aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos rogorc qristes Sobamde, aseve mis Semdegac. amis Sesaxeb daJinebiT migviTiTebs rogorc ~qarTlis cxovreba~ da Zveli qarTuli wyaroebi, aseve ucxouri wyaroebic da arqeologiuri masalac. ra Tqma unda, arsebobda gamonaklisi zogierT saukunesa Tu aTwleulSi, magram yovelTvis iberiis samefo kvlav ierTebda dakargul nawilebs. arsebiTi da niSneuli iyo is, rom iberia TiTqmis yovel saukuneSi, qristeSobamde III s-idan, vidre qristes Semdeg VIII s-mde axerxebda rogorc dasavleTis, aseve aRmosavleTis gaerTianebas. amitomac dasavleTi saqarTvelo, iseve rogorc aRmosavleTi, politikurad ganixileboda rogorc iberia. ucxoeli istorikosebi dasavleT saqarTvelos (iseve, rogorc aRmosavleTs) uwyvetad

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VI-VIII ss-mde uwodebdnen iberias. ucxour wyaroTa mixedviT, dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas iberebs uwodebdnen. amas ganapirobebda is, rom es tomebi politikurad iberebi iyvnen, eTnikuradac iberebisagan (aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobisgan) ar gansxvavdebodnen: saerTo hqondaT ena, kultura, sarwmunoeba, saerTo warmoSoba sisxliT naTesaoba. amitomac dasavleTi saqarTveloc iberiaa, xolo mcxovrebni - iberebi. dasavleT saqarTvelo anu ~pontos zRvis marjvena mxare~ iberebiT saxeldebuli qarTuli tomebiT rom iyo dasaxlebuli (kolxebiT, mesxebiT da sxv.), amas miuTiTebs uZvelesi wyaroebi. dasamtkiceblad SeiZleba moviyvanoT Zveli cnobebi: evsevi kesarieli wers - ~megasTene (Zv.w. III s.) ambobs, rom nabuqodonosorma... miaRwia... iberTa qveyanaSi, ajoba maT... erTi nawili maTgani gadaaadgila man pontos zRvis marjvena mxareze, iq daasaxla~.1 *1 georgika, I, 1961, gv. 30.* berZnebi antikur periodSi Savi zRvis sanapiroebis aqtiur kolonizacias eweodnen, amitomac Zvelma samyarom Zalze kargad icoda, ras ewodeboda SavizRvispireTi, kavkasiis siRrme, somxeTis CrdiloeTi da kaspiis zRva, saerTod, amierkavkasiis geografia. evsevi kesarielis cnobiT, antikur samyaroSi gavrcelebuli yofila Tvalsazrisi, rom Savi zRvis marjvena mxare, e.i. kolxeTi qristemde III s-Si dasaxlebulia iberebiT, anu sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT aq mcxovreb kolxebs (megrel-Wanebsa da svanebs) ewodebodaT iberebi. ~qarTlis cxovrebiTac~ am dros dasavleTi saqarTvelo qarTlis samefoSi Sedis. ~Zv.w. II saukunidan, rodesac qarTlis samefom samxreTiT bevri olqi dakarga, dasavleT saqarTvelos aRmosavleT raionebSi, rogorc Cans, misi Zalaufleba kvlav ZalaSia~2. *2 narkvevebi, I, gv. 473 Tuki qristemde II s-Si Zlier dasustebul iberias dasavleT saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani nawili ar daukargavs, cxadia, wina saukuneebSi misi siZlieris dros mTel dasavleT saqarTveloze eqneboda Zalaufleba. ~mar-abas-katina (I saukune qristemde)... gadmogvcems abidenis sityvebs: nabuqodonosori... Seesia iberebs... da maTi nawili daasaxla pontos zRvis marjvena napirebze~3. *3 S. ZiZiguri, baskebi da qarTvelebi, gv. 72-73. e.i. I s-Si qristemde, iseve rogorc adre, antikur samyaroSi kvlav gavrcelebulia azri, rom iberebi Savi zRvispireTSi, e.i. kolxeTSi cxovroben. I s-Si straboni miuTiTebda, rom istorikosTa da mkvlevarTa nawili ~svanebs - iberebs uwodebda~, TviT straboni svanebis qveyanas ~iberias~ uwodebda (straboni, XI, 2,19). ~ax.w. I-II saukuneebSi qarTli gadaiqca Zlier saxelmwifod, romelic amierkavkasiasa da mezobel mxareebSi politikur hegemonobas lamobda~4. *4 narkvevebi, I, gv. 570.* ~II s. aq... Savi zRvis sanapiroze iberias hqonda fexi mokidebuli~5.*5 iqve, gv. 555. moyvanili amonawerebidan Cans, rom qristemde IV s-Si Seqmnil qarTvelTa samefoSi Sedis dasavleTi saqarTvelo. qristemde III s-Si es samefo kidev ufro Zlierdeba, masSi, bunebrivia, Sedis dasavleTi saqarTvelo. II s-Si qristemde es samefo sustdeba da kargavs Tavis samxreT provinciebs. miuxedavad amisa, am samefoSi kvlav Sedis dasavleTi saqarTvelo. I-II ss-Si qristes Semdeg qarTvelTa samefo ise Zlierdeba, rom hegemonobas cdilobs mTel amierkavkasiaSi. am drosac, bunebrivia, mis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis dasavleTi saqarTvelo. evsevi kesarieli (260-340 ww.) iberTa sacxovriss Savi zRviskideTSi gansazRvravs. sokrate sqolastikosi (IV-V s.) wers: ~...iberebi cxovroben evqsinis pontosTan~1 *1 georgika, I, gv. 230. gelasi kesarieli (IV s.) ... mogviTxrobs: ~imave xanebSi RmrTis mcneba miiRes pontos gaswvriv miwa-wyalze mcxovrebma iberebma da lazebma...~2 *2 iqve, gv. 186. rufinusis (gard. 410 w.) TxzulebaSi naTqvamia: ~amave xanebSi iberTa tommac, romelic cxovrobs pontos mxareSi, miiRo RvTis mcnebis kanonebi da tyve qali...~3 *3 iqve, gv. 201. ~samive avtoris mixedviT, iberebi Savi zRvis sanapiro arealSi arian moqceulni~4 *4 S. ZiZiguri, baskebi da qarTvelebi, gv. 20 profesori robert blaixStaineri wers: ~dasavleT saqarTvelos romaul xanaSi ewodeba iberia~5. *5 iqve, gv. 19. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa cnoba evagre pontoelis Sesaxeb: ~IV saukunis cnobili moazrovnisa da mwerlis evagre pontoelis biografiaSi aRniSnulia, rom evagre warmoSobiT pontoelia - iberTa qalaqis mcxovrebi, paladis Semdgom V saukunis istorikosebi aRniSnaven, rom evagre tomiT iberia~6. *6 iqve, gv. 18. im dros pontoSi cxovrobdnen megrul-lazuri tomebi. swored am laz-megrelebis zogadi saxelia iberebi (qarTebTan erTad). qarTebi da megrelebi iseT gasaocar igiveo-

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bas, erTgvarovnebas, erovnul erTobas amJRavnebdnen im dros, rom Tanamedrove istorikosebi vardebian gamouval, uxerxul mdgomareobaSi da varaudoben: ~...egrebi Tavdapirvelad SeiZleba dasavleT saqarTvelos aRmosavleT raionebSi, argveTsa da mimdgom mxareebSi damkvidrebul qarT-mesxuri tomebi iyvnen~. ~.. ~egrisi~ da ~megreli~ (~margali~) saxelebi... aramegrul nawils unda rqmeoda~7. *7 narkvevebi, I, gv. 424. sinamdvileSi egriselebi da megrelebi, cxadia, Tavidanve megrelebs erqva, magram isini eTnikurad ise axlos iyvnen e.w. qarTebTan, rom eTnikurad erT mTlianobas - erT erovnebas qmnidnen. daskvna: yvela qarTul toms - qarTvel xalxs aqvs saerTo teritoria. farnavaz mefis epoqaSi gaerTianebuli saxelmwifos Seqmnis Semdeg maT am saerTo samSoblos ewoda qarTli - iberia. qarTli erqva qveynis rogorc aRmosavleT, aseve dasavleT nawils. iberebi arian am qveynis mcxovrebni, rogorc aRmosavleT, aseve dasavleT saqarTveloSi, iberebi ki qarTvelebi arian. fsiqikuri wyobis erToba 1. saerTo kulti - erTmorwmuneoba iv. javaxiSvilma gamoarkvia, rom uZveles dros qristianobis miRebamde didi xniT adre qarTvelebs (e.w. qarTebs, megrelebsa da svanebs) hqoniaT saerTo sarwmunoeba - arsebula saerTo warmarToba - erTi sarwmunoeba. amasTanave maTi sarwmunoeba yofila Zalze daxvewili da damuSavebuli, Seqmnili yofila saerTo sakulto terminologia. kultmsaxurebisTvis arsebobda saerTo ena. kultmsaxureba erT enaze sruldeboda qarTvelTa qveynis sxvadasxva kuTxesa da TemSi. qarTuli miTologia damuSavebuli da daxvewili yofila. amis Sesaxeb wers S. nucubiZe - wylis ~RmerTi igrisi~ Tavdapirvelad mxolod adgilobrivi kolxideli RmerTi iyo da mxolod Semdeg, qarTuli miTologiis mTliani damuSavebis Sedegad, saerToqarTul panTeonSi Sevida~1. *1 narkvevebi, I, gv. 680. ~qarTveli tomebis uZveles rwmenaTa mimoxilvisas gairkva, rom ...qarTvelebSiac sxvadasxva tomTaTvis damaxasiaTebel suraTs vxvdebiT. rogorc irkveva, ~Tavisi wili RmerTebi~ hyavdaT calke Temebsa da sagvareuloebs... amasTanave, xalxuri gadmocemebi da mdidari eTnografiuli masalebi gviCveneben, rom qarTvelebs hyavdaT saerTo, ~didi (ufrosi) RmerTebica da satomo an satomTaSorisi RvTaebebic~... axla, SeiZleba iTqvas, kargad aris gamorkveuli, rom im dros qarTul astralur panTeons sameuli meTaurobda. pirveli maTgani ufrosad miCneuli ~uzenaesi RmerTi~ iyo, meore - qalRmerTi mze an mzeqali, xolo mesame - kviria...~2 *2 iqve, gv. 661. garkveulia ara marto saerTo warmarTuli panTeonis ~RmerTebi~, ierarqiis maRal safexurze mdgomni, aramed momdevno safexurze mdgomi ~RmerTebi~: ~ukve am droisaTvis qarTvelTa yvela RvTaeba anTropomorful arsebad aris warmodgenili, amasTanave, irkveva, rom ~uzenaesi RmerTi - mTvare RmerTia, e.i. mama RmerTia~... kargad aris gamorkveuli, rom odesRac qarTul tomebs saTaviso ~saTemo RvTaebis~ garda yvelasaTvis saerTo rwmena hqoniaT da saerTo qarTuli warmarTobac yofila. ...kvirias TayvaniscemasTan dakavSirebul svanur wesebs wminda qarTuli warmarTuli rwmenis anarekli aqvT daculi da TviT saTanado ferxulis sityvebs meferxule svanebi qarTulad warmoTqvamdnen am wesebis ZvelqarTul saxelebTan erTad. ferxulis qarTulad warmoTqmis Cveuleba, ueWvelia, Tavdapirveli, saerTo qarTuli wesis naSTi unda iyos ...megreli mekvlec Tavis warmosaTqmel sityvebs megrulad ki ara, swored qarTulad ambobs xolme~. miTiTebuli da kidev bevri sxva monacemi safuZvels aZlevda iv. javaxiSvils daeskvna Semdegi: ~cxadi xdeba, rom aramc Tu sazogado qarTuli, yvela qarTvel tomTaTvis, maT Soris megrelTa da svanTaTvisac saerTo warmarToba arsebobda, aramed, rom warmarTobas saerTo terminologiac, saerTo enac qarTuli hqonda~1. *1 narkvevebi, I, gv. 662. antikuri xanisTvis qarTveluri tomebi ki ar daSorebian erTmaneTs, piriqiT, qarTvelTa konsolidacia gaZlierebula. amis mizezi sxvebTan erTad, iqneboda saerTo qarTuli saxelmwifos arseboba, saerTo sarwmunoebisa da agreTve saerTo saliteraturo, saxelmwifo da kultmsaxurebis enis arseboba. ~antikuri xanisaTvis, rodesac qarTvelTa konsolidaciis Semdgomi gaZliereba SeiniSneboda, ar arsebobs safuZveli raime mniSvnelovani cvlileba vigulisxmoT qarTul warmarTul panTeonSi~2. 2. iqve, gv. 662. cxadi xdeba, qarTvelebis mier qristianobis miRebamde qarTvelebs hqoniaT saerTo - yvela qarTuli tomisaTvis erTi da igive sarwmunoeba - saerTo warmarToba.

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qristianobac erTdroulad miiRes, rogorc aRmosavleT, aseve dasavleT saqarTveloSi. andria pirvelwodebulma iqadaga rogorc aRmosavleT, aseve dasavleT saqarTveloSi. wmida ninosac mouqcevia rogorc aRmosavleTi, aseve dasavleTi saqarTvelo. amis Sesaxeb dabejiTebiT miuTiTeben berZen-romaeli istorikosebi. gelasi kesarieli wers ~...imave xanebSi RmrTis mcneba miiRes ...iberebma da lazebma... am udidesi sikeTis mizezi gaxda erTi dedakaci, romelic maTTan iyo tyved~1. *1 georgika, I, gv. 186. rufinusis mixedviT, dasavleT saqarTvelos gamaqristianebeli wmida ninoa. is wers: ~amave xanebSi iberTa tommac, romelic cxovrobs pontos mxareSi, miiRo RvTis mcnebis kanonebi da tyve-qali~2. *2 iqve, 201 ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviTac asevea - mirian mefe qristianobas saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad acxadebs mTel iberiaSi anu rogorc dasavleT, aseve aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi: ~...gardaicvala mirian mefe... romelman naTel-sca yovelTa iverielTa~.3 *3 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 94. daskvna: qristemde, IV-III ss-mde, erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos Seqmnamde ukve arsebula yvela qarTuli tomisTvis saerTo sarwmunoeba - saerTo qarTuli warmarToba (sxvaTa Soris, Cans, aman asaxva hpova ~moqcevai qarTlisaiSi~, romelSic aRwerilia, rom qarTvelTa samxreT samSoblodan ~arian-qarTlidan~ Crdilo samSobloSi gadaadgilebulma samefo aristokratiam da qarTvelTa mefem Tan wamoiyvanes TavianTi ~RmerTebi~). 2. qarTuli tomebis saerTo kultura qarTvel tomTa saerTo kulturis arseboba yovelTvis ueWveli iyo. es iyo erTiani eTnosis, erTi xalxis kultura. jer kidev saerTo qarTuli saxelmwifos - iberiis anu qarTlis samefos warmoSobamde didi xniT adre arsebuli cnobili kolxuri kulturac ki saerTo qarTuli kultura iyo: ~kolxuri kultura~ warmoadgenda jer kidev sustad diferencirebuli qarTveli tomebis kulturas~1. *1. narkvevebi, I, gv. 356.* saerTo-qarTuli (kolxuri) kulturis memkvidre iyo antikuri xanis kultura. amave dros Camoyalibda erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifo. antikur xanaSi ara Tu Sesustda qarTuli eTnosis erTianoba, piriqiT - ~antikuri xanisaTvis...qarTvelTa konsolidaciis Semdgomi gaZliereba SeiniSneba~2 *2 iqve, gv. 662. marTlac, ~qarTlis cxovrebisa~ da sxva Zveli qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT, am dros, antikurobis periodSive mematianeTa cnobiT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas ewodeba ~naTesaviT qarTveli~. e.i. eriT, gvar-tomobiT qarTveli. ~qarTlis samefos~ yvela mkvidri, adgilobrivi mcxovrebi, im dros ~qarTveli~ iyo, miuxedavad imisa, qveynis aRmosavleT Tu dasavleT nawilSi cxovrobda. daskvna: antikur xanaSi ~qarTvelTa konsolidaciis~ dros, cxadia, kulturac saerToa, amasve uCvenebs dasavleT saqarTvelos arqeologiuri Seswavla. 3. ekonomikuri kavSiri dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos Soris antikur epoqaSi, roca erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifo Camoyalibda, berZnebi Savi zRvis sanapiroebis aqtiur kolonizacias eweodnen. maT mravali savaWro qalaqi - polisi hqondaT. saqarTvelos Savi zRvispireTis antikuri qalaqebi ZiriTadad adgilobrivi mosaxleobis qalaqebia. vanis da arqeopolisis gaTxrebi miuTiTebs, ra Zlier ganviTarebuli savaWro qalaqebi iyo dasavleT saqarTvelos qalaqebi. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos arqeologiuri Seswavla gviCvenebs, rom ara marto mcxeTa, aramed sxva Zveli qarTuli qalaqebic Zlier ganviTarebuli antikuri qalaqebi yofila. amis Sesaxeb strabonic werda. mcxeTa saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis mqone savaWro gzajvaredinze mdebareobda. saerTaSoriso savaWro gza mcxeTasa da mtkvris xeobas ukavSirebda rionsa da Sav zRvas. Tu ra didi mniSvneloba hqonda dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos damakavSirebel saerTaSoriso savaWro-ekonomiur gzas, iqidanac Cans, rom im dros mdinare fazisze, strabonis mixedviT 120 xidi yofila gadebuli. xidebis aseTi kolosaluri raodenoba miuTiTebs gzebis simravleze, e.i. vaWrobisa da ekonomikis ganviTarebaze. mtkvarsa da rionze gamavali saerTaSoriso gza ekonomikurad akavSirebda saqarTvelos kuTxeebs erTmaneTTan. dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mWidro ekonomiuri urTierTkavSiri hqonda (im drois Sesabamisad).

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4. qarTvelebis saerTo warmoSoba, sisxliT naTesaoba dabadebaSi moxseniebulia qarTvelTa saerTo winapari - ~ese Sobani ZeTa noesni: sem, qam da iafeT da iyvnes maTda Zeni Semdgomad wyliT rRvnisa. Zeni iafeTisni... Tobal da mosoq~ (dabadeba 10, 1-2). I saukunis ganTqmuli istorikosi ioseb flaviusi, evstaTe antioqieli (IV s.), Teodore kvireli episkoposi (IV s.), leon gramatikosi (XI s.) weren, rom Tubal-Tobelebs maT dros iberebi ewodebodaT. flaviusi meSex, mosoxs kapadokielTa winaprad miiCnevda. Zveli qristiani avtorebi xSirad asaxeleben iberTa winaprebs, es ar aris SemTxveviTi. saqme is aris, rom am qristian avtorTa dabejiTebuli mtkicebiT Savi zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiroze cxovroben iberebi. dasavleT saqarTvelos romaul xanaSi (I-IV ss.) iberia ewodeba, magram Cven viciT, rom dasavleTi saqarTvelo - egrisia, xolo mosaxleoba megrelebi. swored maT, megrelebs uwodeben Zveli avtorebi iberebs, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobasTan erTad da swored amitom ar asaxeleben gancalkevebiT egriselTa winapars. miaCniaT, rom dasavleT-aRmosavleT saqarTvelos xalxs ewodeba iberebi da am erT xalxs erTi winapari hyavs - bibliaSi moxsenebuli Tobali. am mosazrebas amtkicebs strabonis cnoba, romlidanac Cans, rom misTvis zRvispira saqarTveloc iberiaa. straboni gvauwyebs, ratom ewoda am qveyanas iberia. igi wers: ~dasavleTis iberiaSi~ (espaneTSi) mTis mdinareebs CamoaqvT oqros qviSa, romelsac tyavgadakruli facerebiT agroveben, msgavsadve pontos zRvis pira mTis mdinareebsac CamoaqvT oqro, romelsac svanebis tomi xsenebuli wesiT agrovebs, amitomac aqaur qveyanasac iberia ewoda ~dasavleTis iberiis~ e.i. espaneTis msgavsado (straboni XI, 2,19). straboni am cnobas gvawvdis svanebis tomis aRwerisas. misi sityviT ~zogierTebi svanebs iberebs uwodeben~, es iberebad saxeldebuli svanebi ki strabonisave cnobiT cxovrobdnen dioskuriasTan (Semdegdroindel afxazeTSi). straboni wers - ~maT qveyanaSi, mTis mdinareebs CamoaqvT oqro, barbarosebi mas iWeren facerebiT da bewviani tyaviT, aqedan, rogorc amboben warmodga miTi oqros sawmisis Sesaxeb. zogierTebi maT agreTve uwodeben iberebs, dasavleTis msgavsad - im oqros marcvlebis gamo romelic orive qveyanaSi moipoveba~ (straboni, XI, 2,19). aqedan Cans, rom dasavleTi saqarTvelo iberiad iwodeba espaneTis iberiis msgavsad, radganac aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mTis mdinareebs oqros marcvlebi ar Camohqonda da arc agrovebdnen mas xsenebuli wesiT. oqros sawmisis miTi, strabonis cnobiT am iberias Seexeba. e.i. kolxeTi strabonisaTvis iberiaa. ~iberiis~ xalxi e.i. egriselebi, svanebi, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobasTan erTad erTi xalxi iyo da iberebad iwodeboda - amitomac mas hyavda saerTo winapari Tobeli. Tobelisagan warmoiSvnen iberebi - e.w. ~qarTebi~, ~egriselebi~ da ~svanebi~ anu qarTvelebi. im dros egriselebi iseTive iberebi arian, rogorc ~qarTebi~. lingvistebis azriTac, ~iber~ fuZidanaa nawarmoebi ~egr~ fuZe, aqedan ~egrisi~. iber fuZis~ Zveli saxeoba unda yofiliyo hber (Seadare, romaeli mwerlebis TxzulebaSi dadasturebuli hiber)... hber fuZis dublikatebia - hver, hmer (iber-iver-imer), amaTgan - hver - nairsaxeobam erT-erT dialeqtikur regionSi sxva fonetikuri ganviTareba ganicada - h gadavida g-Si (moxda e.w. aweva) da miviReT gver... ger.. gur... erTi mxriv, prefiqsis darTviT gamomuSavda eger/egr-is-i, m-egr-eli (meore mxriv- guria)~1. *1 S. ZiZiguri, baskebi da qarTvelebi, gv. 38. XVIII s-is bolos, 1790 wels, saqarTvelos gansakuTrebuli daSlilobis dros Sedga dokumenti ~iverielTa erTobis traqtati~, romelSic, kerZod, naTqvamia: - ~vinaidgan yovelTave iverielTa msaxlobelTa samefosa Sina qarTlisa, kaxeTisa, imerTa, odiSisa da guriisaTa aqvsT erTmorwmuneoba, arian Svilni erTisa kaTolike eklesiisagan Sobilni da erTisa enisa mqonebelni, aqvsT gavasxelobiTica siyvaruli viTarca sisxliT naTesavTa da moyvrobiT SekrulTa urTierTTa Soris. amisaTvis Cven zemoxsenebul qveyanaTa iveriisa... aRvsqTvamT mtkicesa amas eTrobasa...~2. *2 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, II, 1966, gv. 501.* aq sainteresoa, rom qarTuli saukunovani tradiciuli koncefciiT, romelmac asaxva hpova am dokumentSi - iveria ewodeba ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, aramed, ueWvelad, dasavleT saqarTvelosac, erTian saqarTvelos - yoveli iveria ewodeba, mosaxleobas - yovelni iverielni, sxvadasxva provincias - iveriis qveynebi. gansakuTrebiT xazgasasmelia, rom Zveli qarTuli TvalsazrisiT, iverielebi anu samegrelos, guriis, imereTis, kaxeTisa da qarTlis mosaxleoba (msaxlobelni) arian sisxliT naTesavni, e.i. genetikurad erTiani, erTi eTnikuri warmoSobis eri. sisxliT naTesaobis gamo iverielebi anu megrelebi, gurulebi, imerlebi, kaxelebi da qarTlelebi ~urTierTTan

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Sekrul-SekavSirebulni arian moyvrobiT~ anu ~naTesauri~, erovnuli erToba aqvT. garda amisa, iverielebs erTmaneTTan am dokumentis xelismomwerTa TvalsazrisiT, aerTianebT saerTo ena - iverielebi arian ~erTisa enisa mqonebelni~ - igulisxmeba qarTuli ena. iverielebs aqvT saerTo teritoria - ~yoveli iveria~; iverielebs dokumentis mixedviT, aqvT fsiqikuri wyobis erToba - erTmorwmuneoba, erTi eklesia. vinaidan am dokumentis erT-erTi xelismomweri iyo saqarTvelos kaTalikospatriarqi anton I, unda vigulisxmoT, rom eklesiaSi miRebuli TvalsazrisiT, eri ewodeboda (Tanamedrove sityvebiT rom vTqvaT) erTi eTnikuri kavSiris mqone anu sisxliT monaTesave mosaxleobas, romelsac hqonda agreTve saerTo ena - enobrivi erToba, saerTo teritoria, fsiqikuri wyobis erToba - saerTo sarwmunoeba. qarTuli eklesiis da saero xelisuflebis TvalsazrisiT, iverielebs anu qarTvelebs hqondaT CamoTvlili niSan-Tvisebebi anu qmnidnen erovnul erTobas. amitomac maT unda hqonodaT saxelmwifoebrivi erTobac. megrelebi, gurulebi, imerlebi, kaxelebi da qarTlelebi sisxliT naTesavebad miiCneodnen da miiCnevian. e.w. qarTebs, zanebsa da svanebs qarTuli eklesiis Camoyalibebis dros (I-IV s-Si) ufro meti erovnuli erToba hqondaT, vidre gvian Sua saukuneebSi. amitomac Tavidanve qarTuli eklesiis samwyso gaxldaT erTiani qarTveli xalxi, romlis eTnikuri gansaxlebis sazRvrebi moqceuli iyo Savi zRvidan da mdinare egiswylidan (klisuridan) vidre somxeT-albaneTamde (VIII s-mde, xolo Semdeg es sazRvrebi kidev ufro gavrcelda). ismis meore kiTxva - ramdenad SesaZlebelia qarTveli xalxi Camoyalibebuli yofiliyo I-IV ss-Si wmida andriasa da wmida ninos qadagebebis dros? qarTuli wyaroebiT, qarTveli xalxi ukve Camoyalibebuli iyo pirveli qarTuli saxelmwifos daarsebis dros, qristeSobamde IV-III ss-Si. sabWoTa istoriografia kremlis moTxovniT, qarTveli eris daSla-danawilebis mizniT, Zveli qarTuli wyaroebis sapirispirod amtkicebda, TiTqosda qarTveli erovneba () Camoyalibda mxolod IX-X saukuneebis Semdeg, dasavleT saqarTvelos, tao-klarjeTsa da hereTis ~qarTizaciis~ Sedegad. wyaroTa analizi ki adasturebs Zvel qarTul Tvalsazriss, rom mefe farnavazis epoqaSi qarTveli eris eTno-politikuri mTlianoba realuri faqti iyo. aRsaniSnavia, rom ~qarTizaciis~ umarTebulo da yalbi Teoria rusul samecniero wreebSi Camoyalibda. qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi adgilobrivi eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis gansazRvra Zneli ar aris. IV msoflio krebam daakanona, rom saeklesio sazRvrebi saxelmwifos sazRvrebs unda damTxveoda. cnobilia, rom msoflio saeklesio krebebi iRebdnen da afuZnebdnen ara axal wesebs, aramed amtkicebdnen im kanonebs, romelnic ukve arsebobdnen saeklesio praqtikaSi da wina drois mamaTa mier iyvnen Camoyalibebulni. 1. ~qarTlis~ sazRvrebi da qarTvelTa vinaoba leonti mrovelis mixedviT leonti mrovelis mixedviT qarTlis saxelmwifoSi rogorc aRmosavleTi, aseve dasavleTi saqarTvelo Sedioda. ~qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ vkiTxulobT, rom aleqsandre makedonelma ~daipyra... yoveli qarTli~. man qarTlis erisTavad datova azon. igi iyo ~kaci Zneli da mesisxle~. napovni ganZiT daimedebulma farnavazma egrisis mTavars qujis miswera werili, sadac is mouxmobda mas azonis winaaRmdeg salaSqrod. gaxarebulma qujim miiRo farnavazis winadadeba da, roca farnavazi masTan mivida, uTxra: ~Sen xar Svili TavTa maT qarTlosTa da Sen gmarTebs ufloba Cemi~. aqedan Cans, rom ~yovel qarTlSi~ rogorc aRmosavleTi, aseve dasavleT saqarTvelo igulisxmeboda. aleqsandre makedonels qarTlis dapyrobisas ucxoelebi gauJletia - ~mosrna yovelni igi naTesavni aRreulni qarTls myofni da ucxoni igi naTesavni mosrna~. maSasadame, farnavazis mier erovnuli saxelmwifos Seqmnis dros ucxoelebi qarTlSi aRar cxovrobdnen. farnavazs amis gamoc gauadvildeboda erTiani saxelmwifo enis SemoReba. qarTlis samefos sazRvrebi mtkiced iyo dadgenili da gansazRvruli, qarTvel mefeTa mTavari movaleoba ki gaxldaT qarTlis sazRvrebis mtkiced dacva, xolo sazRvrebis darRvevisas ~sazRvris Zieba~. juanSeris mixedviTac egrisi ~qarTlSi~ Semavali qveyana iyo. juanSeri aRwers vaxtang gorgaslis cxovrebas da gveubneba, rom vaxtangis samefoSi egrisic Sedioda: roca daoblebuli, aTi wlis vaxtangis samefoSi Crdilo kavkasiidan osi dampyroblebi SemoiWrnen, maT moarbies centraluri qarTli, xolo ~darCes warutyvevnulad xevni

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qarTlisani: kaxeTi, klarjeTi da egrisi~ (~qarTlis cxovreba~, t. I, gv. 145). mematiane, Cans ~osebad~ moixsenebda Crdilokavkasiis stepebSi mcxovreb hunebs. aleqsandre makedonelidan da farnavazidan moyolebuli qarTlisa da saberZneTis sazRvari mdinare egriswyalze gadioda. vaxtang gorgaslis cols, romelic keisris asuli iyo, mziTvad afxazeTis teritoria md. egriswylidan vidre mdinare klisuramde (kelasuramde) ergo. amis Semdeg saukuneTa manZilze (V-VIII ss-Si) sazRvari qarTlis samefosa da bizantiis imperias Soris md. klisuraze gadioda, xolo am mdinaris zeviT (mis marjvniv sanapiroze kavkasiis mTebamde) afxazeTi saberZneTis saxelmwifoSi Sedioda. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces im faqts, rom vaxtang mefis mematiane egriss ~qarTlis dasavleTs~ uwodebs. mematianis azriT, egrisi, iseve rogorc kaxeTi da klarjeTi, qarTlis erT-erTi ~xevi~ anu erT-erTi provinciaa. VII s. Zeglis ~moqcevai qarTlisais~ mixedviTac qarTveli eris gaerTianebul samefoSi dasavleTi saqarTvelo farnavazamde - mefe azonis drosac Sedioda. aleqsandre makedonelma - ~sazRvari daudva mas hereTi da egriswyali~... (Zegl. I, 1964, gv. 81). 2. qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis dasavleTis sazRvrebi vaxuStis mixedviT vaxuStis mixedviT, qarTlis samefo rogorc aRmosavleT, aseve dasavleT saqarTvelos ara marto vaxtangis dros, aramed wina saukuneebSic moicavda. vaxuSti egriss ganixilavs, rogorc qarTlSi Semaval teritorias, iseve rogorc juanSeri da leonti mroveli. mas miaCnia, rom samegrelo saqarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi farnavaz mefis droidanve Sedioda. amitom moulodneli ar aris qarTvelebis wuxili vaxtang gorgaslis dros iveriis zRvispira teritoriebis bizantielTa mier aneqsiis gamo. vaxtangis epoqaSi qarTlis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqcia mTel qarTlis samefoze, politikur qarTlze, e.i. rogorc dasavleT, aseve aRmosavleT saqarTveloze vrceldeboda. zogierTi berZeni da romaeli istorikosis mixedviT ~kolxeTi~ ~iberiaSi~ Semavali qveyanaa Zv.w. III s-is damdegs megasTene (Zv.w. IV-III ss.) pirdapir ambobs, rom iberebi ~pontos marjvena napirze~ cxovrobdnen. qsenofontes (Zv.w. VI s.) dros jer kidev ar arsebobda iberiis saxelmwifo, magram Cans, rom qarTvelebi trapizonis mxaresa da dasavleT saqarTveloSic mosaxleobdnen, xolo arianes dros (ax. w. II s.) ukve qarTlis saxelmwifo arsebobda, romlis sazRvrebic dasavleT saqarTveloSi Sav zRvamde aRwevda. ioseb flaviusi (I s-is 70 w.) wers, rom noes Svils iafets hyavda 7 vaJi, romelTagan erT-erTma - Tobelosma Tobelebi daafuZna, romelTac amJamad iberebi hqviaT, xolo mesxosma daafuZna mesxebi, romelTac axla kapadokielebi ewodebaTo. igi ar asaxelebs calke kolxebs. miaCnia, rom iberiis yvela toms, maT Soris kolxebs (zanebs), erTi eTnarqi hyavT - Tobolosi. aseve erTad moixseniebs, qarTel tomebs antikuri epoqis istorikosi herodotec (Zv.w. V s.). gelasi kesarieli (IV-V ss.) iberielebs Savi zRvis piras mcxovreblebad asaxelebs. aseve weren rufinusi (IV-V s.), sokrate (Zv.w. V s.), gelasi kvizikeli (IV-V ss.). maTTvis zRvispiras mcxovrebi lazebi igive iberielebia, maTi erT-erTi tomia. aRsaniSnavia, rom ucxoelebi dasavleT saqarTvelosa da Savi zRvispireTSi mcxovreb iberebs ~qvemo iberebs~ uwodebdnen, raTa isini ~zemo iberebisagan~ ganesxvavebinaT, romelnic aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, anu rogorc isini uwodeben ~kaspiis zRvisken~ cxovrobdnen. dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas rom iberielebs uwodeben, kargad Cans evagre pontoelis - iberielis (345-399) magaliTzec. miuxedavad imisa, rom igi dasavleT saqarTvelos erT-erT qalaqSi daibada, mas mainc iberiels uwodebdnen. arqanjelo lamberti (XVII s.), romelic dasavleT saqarTveloSi cxovrobda da kargad icnobda Zvel saqarTvelosa da berZen da romael istorikosTa cnobebs iberiis Sesaxeb, iberiaSi Semaval kuTxeebad imereTs, kolxeTs, gurias e.i. mTel dasavleT saqarTvelos miiCnevda, Tanac ara marto Sua saukuneebSi, aramed wminda ninos drosac. odiSis cnobili mTavari levan II dadiani Tavis Tavs ~iberiis xelmwifes~ uwodebda. XVIII s-is ~erTobis traqtatSi samegrelosa da gurias ~qvemo iberia~ ewodeba imereTTan erTad. ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ simarTle

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~qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tvalsazriss, rom erTiani qarTveli xalxi qristemde III sSi, iberiis saxelmwifos Seqmnis drosac arsebobda, arapirdapir, magram mainc amtkiceben XIX-XX s-is istorikosTa gamokvlevebi. iberiisa da qarTvelTa Sesaxeb oTx udides mecniers erTmaneTisagan mkveTrad gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisi aqvs. magaliTad, n. mars miaCnia, rom iberia - samegreloa, s. kakabaZis mixedviT, iberia hereTia, iv. javaxiSvilis mixedviT iberia - aRmosavleT saqarTveloa, xolo k. kekeliZis mixedviT iberia saqarTvelos Crdilo nawilia hereTTan erTad am oTxi mecnieris Tvalsazriss aerTianebs ~qarTlis cxovreba~, romlis mixedviTac iberia anu qarTli ewodeba rogorc dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, xolo ~qarTvelni~ ewodebaT rogorc megrelebs, aseve e.w. qarTebs. qarTveli eri erTiania, qarTvelTa samSoblos qarTli anu iberia hqvia, romelzec Tavis iurisdiqcias qarTuli eklesia warmoqmnisTanave axorcielebda. qarTlis samefos saxelmwifo sazRvrebi ki dasavleTiT mdinare egriswyalsa da Sav zRvaze, xolo aRmosavleTiT - albaneTTan gadioda. qarTveli eri qristianobamde rom kulturulad erTiani yofila, es gamorkveuli aqvs iv. javaxiSvils. misi daskvnebi srulebiT eTanxmeba ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesabamis monacemebs da ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ simarTles adasturebs. amJamad miCneulia, TiTqos qarTuli ena dasavleT saqarTveloSi wirva-locvis enad miRebuli iqna ara IV s-Si am mxaris gaqristianebis dros, aramed IX-X saukuneebSi. es daskvna dafuZnebulia n. maris mier ~grigol xanZTelis cxovrebaSi~ moTavsebuli erTi qaragmis (~a-sa~) arasworad gaxsnis Sedegze. cnoba exeba mironis kurTxevis uflebas. qaragma ~a-sa~ gaxsnili iqna ara rogorc ~afxazeTisa~, rogorc moiTxovda konteqsti, aramed rogorc ~aRmosavalisa~. giorgi merCule wers, rom Tavdapirvelad afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Seqmnis Semdgom (e.i. VIII s-dan) afxazeTis kaTolikosebs mironi mohqondaT ierusalimidan. grigol xanZTelis mowafis didi efremis mecadineobiT ierusalimis sapatriarqom gadawyvita afxazeTis sakaTalikosos mironi mieRo ara ierusalimis sapatriarqodan, aramed qarTlis sakaTalikosodan im mizeziT, rom dasavleTi saqarTvelo, anu afxazeTi TviTonac qarTli iyo, radganac aq RvTismsaxurebis ena qarTuli ena iyo. giorgi merCule wers: ~pirvelad a-sa (afxazeTisa a.j.) kaTalikosTa mihroni ierusalimiT mihyvanda, xolo efrem qristes mieriTa brZanebiTa mihronisa kurTxeva qarTls ganawesa ierusalimisa patriarqisa ganwesebiTa da wamebiTa sixaruliTa, aramed qarTlad friadi qveyana aRiracxebis, romelsaca Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Seiwirvis da locva yoveli aResrulebis~. merCules es cnoba kidev erTxel adasturebs ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ simarTles da Tavis mxriv araviTar siaxles ar Seicavs. mkvlevarebma ki swored am cnobaSi moTavsebuli qaragmis ~a-sa~-s araswori gaxsniT miiRes eklesiis istoriisaTvis iseTi kardinaluri daskvnebi, romelnic savsebiT uaryofen berZenromael-somex istorikosTa cnobebs iberiis (qarTlis) geografiis Sesaxeb, aseve qarTlis cxovrebisa da sxva qronikebis monacemebs, kerZod, TiTqosda dasavleT saqarTvelos pirvelad grigol xanZTelis epoqaSi ewoda qarTli. maSasadame, ~qarTli~ erqva ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelosac farnavazidan moyolebuli vidre VIII s-is Sua wlebamde. amitomac Targmnisas termin qarTls aRniSnul periodSi ZiriTadad Seesabameba ara termini ~~, aramed ~~, anu ~~. es sakiTxi swored ase esmodaT aqamde ucxoel mecnierebs da ~qarTls~ Targmnidnen rogorc (), an Georgia, magram Cveni Tanamedrove sabWoTa qarTveli istorikosebis daJinebuli Carevis Semdeg isini ase aRar Targmnian am terminebs da amis gamo maT TxzulebebSi ~~-s nacvlad yvelgan gvxvdeba sityva ~~, rac yovlad Seuwynarebelia, WeSmaritebas ar asaxavs da mkiTxvels abnevs. iv. javaxiSvilis mixedviT termini ~qald~ (qarT.) yvela qarTuli tomis saxeli iyo da didxans iwodebodnen isini ase. magaliTad, megrul-lazuri Stos uZveles nawils Wanebs eZaxdnen, qaldebs, xolo vrcel qveyanas, maT istoriul samSoblos, romelsac Semdeg ~trapizonis mxare - lazika~ ewoda, amasTanave ~qaldeac~ erqva. WaneTs didi xnis manZilze, SeiZleba iTqvas, mTel istoriul epoqaSi erqva ~qaldea~. amitom ~qald~ iv. javaxiSvils megrel-lazTa meore saxeladac miaCnda. igi aseve aRniSnavda, rom svaneTis ~xalde~ svanuri Temis saxeli ~qald~, amave saxeliT svaneTSi cnobili samlocvelo adgilebi, e.w. kldeebi miuTiTebs, rom svaneTSic didxans iyo daculi es saxeli. ~qald~ daculia qarTvelTa TviTsaxelwodebaSi - ~qarTueli~. iv. javaxiSvilis azriT es iyo yvela qarTuli tomis saxeli da Tavdapirvelad samxreTSi arsebobda maTi saerTo

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samSoblo qald (kardu), Cans, WaneT-trapizonis sanaxebSi, SesaZloa iq iyo ~arian-qarTli~, moqcevai qarTlisais cnobiT qarTvelTa erTiani Zveli saxelmwifoebrivi erTeuli. igulisxmeba WaneT-trapizonisa da ponto-kapadokiis regioni. Tavi II. IV saukune saqarTvelo IV saukuneSi III saukuneSi saqarTvelos garemocva mniSvnelovnad Seicvala. aqamde Cveni qveynis mezobeli parTia SedarebiT susti, faqtiurad naxevrad damoukidebeli qveynebis gaerTianeba iyo. 224-226 wlebSi sparseTSi didi cvlilebebi moxda, daemxo arSakidebis dinastia da misi adgili sasanidebis sparsulma sagvareulom daikava. sasanidebma mazdeanoba aRadgines da yovelnairad cdilobdnen mis gavrcelebas. sparseTi Tavisi ZvelisZveli mtris, romis winaaRmdeg Setevaze gadavida da did warmatebebsac miaRwia. 298 wels nizibinSi (mesopotamia) 40-wliani zavi daido iransa (sparseTsa) da roms Soris, romliTac saqarTvelo da somxeTi romis gavlenis sferoSi moeqcnen. s. janaSias azriT, qarTveli eris cxovrebaSi yvelaze mniSvnelovani movlena - saxelmwifos mier qristianobis aRiareba uToud zavis dros - 298-338 wlebSi moxda, radgan 338 wels Sahma Sabur II-m kvlav Seutia roms. 40-wliani zavis darRvevis Semdeg saqarTveloSi qristianobis gavrceleba Zalze gaZneldeboda imitom, rom sparseTi, politikuri mosazrebebiT, qristianobas mxars maSin uWerda, roca is romis imperiaSi akrZaluli iyo, xolo imis Semdeg, rac iq saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad gamocxadda (313-326 ww.), sparselebma devna dauwyes. amitom 338 wlis Semdeg qarTvelTa mefes qristianobis aRiareba sparselTa SiSiT gauWirdeboda. maSasadame, im dros, roca sparseTi qristianobas mfarvelobda da iberia iranis gavlenis sferoSi Sedioda (280 wlamde), gacilebiT ufro advili iyo qristianobis miReba. marTlac diubua de monpere qarTlis moqcevis TariRad 276 wels miiCnevs. qarTuli wyaroebi ki saqarTvelos sayovelTao gaqristianebis TariRad 317-326 wlebs miiCneven. gza qristianobisa I saukunidan wmida ninomde qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebeli aris Rirsi deda nino, romelmac qristianul sarwmunoebaze moaqcia mTeli eri. mis drosve qarTuli saxelmwifos mzrunvelobiTa da SemweobiT daarsda erTiani qarTuli eklesia. SeiZleba daisvas kiTxva: Tu qarTveli xalxi moaqcies da gaaqristianes TviT wmida mociqulebma, raRa saWiro iyo wmida ninos qadageba? am kiTxvis pasuxi ZvelTaganve arsebobda da ruis-urbnisis krebis (1103 w.) ZeglisweraSic aisaxa. Zeglisweridan Cans, rom wm. ninos mier mTeli saqarTvelosa da misi mefis gaqristianeba Zalze mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli romis imperiaSi qristianobis saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad gamocxadebasTan. marTaliao, weren qarTveli mamebi, CvenSi qristianoba iqadages mociqulebma da uamravi adamiani gaaqristianes, magram drom da pirobebma xalxi kvlav kerpTayvaniscemas daubruna da, roca darCenil qristianebs Soris mowameni gamoCndebodnen, maT iseTive wamebiT klavdnen, rogorc qristes; mas Semdeg ki, rac romis imperatori konstantine gaxda, mefeTa Soris pirveli qristiani mqadagebeli da mociqulTa swori, Cvenc mogvxeda RmerTma da CvenTan tyve qali nino warmogzavnao. aRsaniSnavia, rom es wyaro wm. ninomde qarTvel qristianTa arsebobas ar uaryofs. XI s-is qarTveli filosofosis da moRvawis efrem mcires TqmiT ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed TviT saberZneTSi (imperiaSi) mociqulTa qadagebis Semdeg kvlav kerpTayvanismcemloba aRorZinebula, magram cxadia, es imas ar niSnavs, rom imperiaSi qristianuli Temebi da saepiskoposoebi aRar arsebobdnen. romis imperiasa da saqarTveloSi mociqulTa Semdeg qristianoba ara marto arsebobda, aramed did gavlenasac axdenda sazogadoebaze. III s-is damdegs qarTvelTa mefe rev marTali qristes saxarebas icnobda da misi mcnebebis Sesabamisad moqmedebda kidec. swored man akrZala kerpebisaTvis Cvili bavSvebis Sewirva. am reformas xalxma mxari dauWira. maSasadame, qristianul sarwmunoebas xalxi saamisod Semzadebuli hyolia. aRiarebulia, rom qristianoba pirvel rigSi dabal fenebSi, xolo Semdeg maRal fenebSi vrceldeboda.

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Zalze mniSvnelovania erTi ram: arqeologiuri monacemebi adastureben qarTul da ucxour wyaroTa cnobebs imis Taobaze, rom mociqulTa saqarTveloSi qadagebas unayofod ar Cauvlia, ris Sedegadac qveyanaSi qristianuli Temebi arsebobdnen. cxadia, qristianebs, romlebic II-III ss-Si saqarTveloSi cxovrobdnen, samRvdeloeba dasWirdeboda, radgan naTlobis, ziarebisa da sxva qristianuli wesebis aRsruleba samRvdeloebis gareSe SeuZlebelia. rogorc viciT, II-III ss-Si sveticxovlis, samTavrosa da sxva samarovnebSi qristianebi daukrZalavT, maT Soris bavSvebic. cxadia, isini monaTlulni iyvnen. amitomac am periodSi Cvens qveyanaSi samRvdeloeba da qristianuli mrevli ueWvelad arsebobda, rac imasac niSnavs, rom II-III ss-ebSi eklesiac arsebobda. sainteresoa, rogori principiT iyo mowyobili es eklesia? pirvel rigSi unda aRiniSnos, rom sxvadasxva qalaqSi, Tu qalaqis ubnebSi arsebuli qristianuli Temebi erTmaneTs ar eqvemdebarebodnen. ar arsebobda erTiani, mTeli qveynis momcveli qristianuli eklesia, romelsac erTiani centri da erTiani mmarTveloba eqneboda, Tumca iyvnen episkoposebi. ~qarTlis cxovreba~ wers, rom andria mociqulma awyuris qristianul mrevls Tavisi episkoposi miuCina. cxadia, qristianoba da misi samRvdeloeba, romelic devnili iyo, am droisaTvis farulad arsebobda, amitomac susti iyo. aRsaniSnavia, rom mociqulTa epoqaSi da mis Semdgomac mRvdelmoqmedebas episkoposi asrulebda da mRvdels episkoposs uwodebdnen. cnobilia, rom biWvinTis episkoposi - stratofile monawileobas iRebda 325 wels nikeaSi gamarTul I msoflio saeklesio krebaSi. igi rom gavleniani da saxelganTqmuli pirovneba ar yofiliyo, nikeis msoflio krebaze, sadac Zalze avtoritetuli, didi mniSvnelobisa da wonis mRvdelTmTavrebi iyvnen Sekrebilni, ar miiwvevdnen. somexi istorikosis agaTangelozis (V s.) cnobiT Tavisi episkoposebi aRmosavleT saqarTvelosac hyavda: misive cnobiT, nikeis krebis win sruliad iberiis mitropolits ibirzxua rqmevia, dasavleT saqarTvelos episkoposs - sofroniusi, xolo samxreT saqarTvelosas (basianisas) - evlaTiusi. wm. ninos gauWirdeboda mTeli qarTveli xalis gaqristianeba, wm. mociqulebs Semzadebuli rom ar hyolodaT eri qristianobis sajaro aRiarebisaTvis. es imas niSnavs, rom saqarTveloSi mociqulTa mier daTesili saxarebis marcvals saukuneTa manZilze xalxi Seumzadebia, sajarod monaTluliyo. romel wels Semovida wm. nino saqarTveloSi da gaaqristiana Tu ara man mTeli qarTveli xalxi? es saintereso sakiTxi Zalze damajereblad gaarkvia istorikosma vaxtang goilaZem. misi msjelobiT wm. nino saqarTveloSi 303 wels Semovida. 318-318 wlebSi qarTlis samefo karma qristianoba saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad aRiara, xolo 324 wels xalxi masiurad moinaTla. Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom vaxuSti bagrationi, saqarTvelos istoriis udidesi mkvlevari, qarTlis moqcevas 317 wliT aTariRebda. didi ilia WavWavaZis epoqis istoriografebi - d. baqraZe da iv. gvaramaZe vaxuStisul Tvalsazriss iziarebdnen da qarTlis moqcevas msgavsadve aTariRebdnen. qarTlis moqcevis TariRad 318 weli miaCndaT p. ioselians, g. sabinins da r. camcievsac. qarTuli eklesiis meTauris - episkopos ioanes xeldasxmis wlad v. goilaZes 324 weli miaCnia. igi fiqrobs, rom qarTuli eklesia ara antioqiuri, aramed kapadokiuri (pontos diocezi) warmoSobisa unda iyos. qarTvel mematianeTa TvalsazrisiT ki saqarTvelos eklesia TavisTavadi warmoSobisaa, anu mas TviT mociqulebma adgilze - saqarTveloSive daudes safuZveli. sasurvelia aRdges vaxuSti bagrationis mier gamorkveuli TariRi da qarTlis moqceva 317-318 wlebiT daTariRdes, xolo qarTuli eklesiis organizacia da xalxis naTvla 324-26 wlebiT. saqarTvelos wmida eklesiis meTaurebi I-II ss. (wm. ninomde) I. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. wmida mociqulebi: andria pirvelwodebuli (saqarTveloSi iqadaga 30-35 wlebSi) simon kananeli mociquli mataTa mociquli barTlome mociquli Tadeozi

II. saqarTvelos pirveli qristianuli saepiskoposoebis meTaurebi (erTmaneTisagan urTierTdamoukidebeli iyvnen)

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

pirveli mawyvereli episkoposi, nakurTxi andria mociqulis mier (I s.) palmosi pontoeli episkoposi (II s-is damdegi) markioni fasiseli episkoposi (138 w-mde) sofroniusi - lazikis episkoposi (daaxl. 302-325 w-mde) ibirbzxua (irenarxe) iberiis episkoposi (daaxl. 302-325 w-mde) evlaTiusi, basianis episkoposi (302-325) stratofile biWvinTeli (325 wlisTvis) domnusi trapezunteli (325 wlisTvis)

wmida ninos cxovreba ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT aRsasrulis win Tavisi cxovrebis Sesaxeb TviT netarma ninom mouTxro mirian mefis Zis cols - salome ujarmels. ai misi monaTxrobis Sinaarsi: wm. giorgis wamebis Jams kapadokiaSi cxovrobda didebuli kaci zabuloni. igi qalaq romSi wavida, raTa imperatoris karze emsaxura. imxanad romaelebs frangebi ebrZodnen. RmerTma didi Zala misca zabulons, daamarcxa frangebi, Seipyro maTi mefe da mTavrebTan erTad imperators mihgvara. imperatorma tyveebs sikvdilis ganaCeni gamoutana. frangebma iTxoves, sikvdilis win maTTvis qristes sjuli miecaT. zabulonma imperatoris nebarTviT monaTla isini da sicocxlec SeunarCuna. amis Semdeg zabuloni frangTa qveyanaSi wavida da moaqcia isini, dautova maT mRvdeli da qristianobis yoveli wesi daudgina. Semdeg didZali simdidriT Cavida ierusalims da Tavisi monagebi glaxakebs gauyo. im dros ierusalimSi patriarqad iyo iobenali, romelsac hyavda da sosana. zabulonma SeirTo sosana da kapadokiaSi dabrunda. maT SeeZinaT Svili - nino. roca nino 12 wlisa gaxda, mSoblebma gayides yovelive, ierusalimSi wavidnen da TavianTi qoneba glaxakebs dauriges. Semdeg zabuloni meudabnoe kacebTan wavida, xolo deda - patriarqis nebiT glaxaki da uZluri qalebis msaxurad dadga. wm. nino dvinel somex niaforTan msaxurobda, romlisganac qristes cxovrebisa da jvarcmis ambavi Seityo. misganve gaigo, rom uflis kvarTi qalaq mcxeTaSi, qarTlis qveyanaSi iyo, sadac warmarTebi cxovrobdnen. im dReebSi Seityo niaforma, rom elene dedofals survili hqonda qristes sjulis miRebisa da naTlisRebisa. netarma ninom sTxova niafors, rom waregzavna elene dedofalTan. niaforma ninos wadili auwya patriarqs, romelmac gza dauloca wm. ninos. qalaq romSi ninom gaicno mefeTa naTesavi dedofali rifsime da misi dedamZuZe - gaiane, romlebic TavianT saxleulTan erTad wm. ninos xeliT moinaTlnen. im dReebSi keisarma TavisTvis lamazi sacolis Zebna daiwyo. mZebnelebma qalwulTa monasterSi ixiles rifsime, daxates igi ficarze da gaugzavnes keisars. keisars Zalian moewona rifsime da brZana qorwili, magram rifsimem, gaianem da maTTan erTad 53-ma asulma farulad datoves qveyana da somxeTSi wavidnen, sadac maranSi daimalnen da Tavs xelsaqmiT irCendnen. keisari aRivso mwuxarebiT da yvelgan dagzavna kacebi maT mosaZebnad. keisris kacebi Trdat somexTa mefesTanac mividnen. Trdati ltolvilebis Zebnas Seudga da male miagno maT. rifsimes xilvisas Trdati gulisTqmiT aRivso da misi colad SerTva ganizraxa, razec rifsimem uari uTxra. maSin Trdatma rifsime, gaiane da maTi Tanmxlebni awama. am dros wm. nino vardis buCqebSi daimala. aq ixila wm. stefanes msgavsi diakoni, romelsac sasakmevle eWira. diakonma ubrZana, wasuliyo CrdiloeTiT, sadac ~samkali friadaa da muSaki ar aris~. da wavida wm. nino da mivida saqarTvelos sazRvarTan. aq daizamTra, mravali gasaWiri gadaitana. meoTxe Tves, ivnisSi miaRwia javaxeTs, kerZod, gamdinare did tbas - faravans. aq gaicno meTevzeebi, romelTac mcxeTis gza miaswavles. faravnis tbasTan ninom daiZina da eCvena naTliT mosili kaci, romelmac gadasca werili. werilSi 10 sityva ewera wmida saxarebidan. Cvenebis Semdeg wm. ninom madloba Seswira RmerTs da gzas gaudga - gahyva faravnis tbidan gamdinare wyals, miaRwia urbniss. aq ebraelebi gaicno. erTi Tve dahyo am qalaqSi, ecnoboda ucxo xalxs da qveyanas. erT dRes didZali xalxi daiZra mcxeTisaken savaWrod da armazis kerpisaTvis msvxerplis Sesawirad. ninoc wahyva maT. qalwuli tiroda, roca am gzaabneulsa da Semcdar xalxs uyurebda. meore dRes gaisma sayviris xma. movidnen nana dedofali da mirian mefe kerpebis Tayvansacemad. wm. ninom maT armazis cixeSi Seaswro da kerpebis maxloblad dadga. armazis kerpi spilenZis iyo, tans oqros jaWvi emosa, zurmuxtisa da bivrilis Tvalebi esxa. xelT xmali epyra, viTarca elva, da vinc mas Seexeboda, sasikvdilod iwireboda.

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kerpis marjvniv oqros kaci idga - gaci, xolo marcxniv vercxlisa - gaim, romelnic qarTvel ers RmerTebad miaCnda. wm. ninom Tvali zecad aRapyro da locva daiwyo; rogorc ki vedreba daasrula, dasavleTis qari amovarda saSineli quxiliT da wamovida didi setyva. xalxi gaiqca. setyvam sul daamsxvria kerpebi. nino ki idga Tavis adgilze mSvidad. meore dRes gamovida mirian mefe da yoveli eri da ixiles damsxvreuli kerpebi. amis Semdeg wm. nino dasaxlda mefis baRis mcvelis ojaxSi, romelic uSvilo iyo. wm. ninos locviT maT Svili SeeZinaT. maSin col-qmarma aRiares qriste da ninos farulad daemowafnen. wm. ninom qalaqis zRudis gareT ipova mayvlis buCqi da iq aRmarTa vazis nasxlavisgan Sekruli jvari. igi dRe da Rame daucxromlad loculobda. mcxeTaSi im dros abiaTar iudevelTa mRvdeli cxovrobda wm. ninom mas da mis qaliSvils - sidonias qristes saxareba uqadaga. maT irwmunes ninosi da daemowafnen mas. abiaTars Tavisi winaprebisagan gagonili hqonda qristes cxovrebisa da wamebis ambavi, radgan eliozi, romelmac mcxeTaSi uflis kvarTi Camoitana, misi mamaTa mama iyo. wm. nino mraval saswauls axdenda da mravals kurnavda, magram mirian mefe da nana dedofali mainc warmarTebad rCebodnen. da ai, nana dedofali dasneulda da auwyes, rom mravalni gankurna ~tyve qalma~ locviT. maSin dedofalma brZana, wm. nino masTan mieyvanaT, magram ninom SeuTvala, ar maqvs ufleba mosvlisao. amitom TviT nana dedofali miuyvanes sawoliTurT. wm. ninom daiwyo locva, dedofals sxeulze jvriT jvari gadasaxa da dedofalic maSinve ganikurna. amis Semdeg dedofalma daiaxlova nino da qristes sarwmunoeba aRiara. mirian mefes dedoflis gankurneba Zalian eama. man gamoiZia Zveli da axali aRTqma, magram qristes aRiarebisagan Tavs didxans ikavebda. zafxulis erT dRes - 20 ivliss, SabaTs, mefe muxranisaken gavida sanadirod. am dros eSmakma gulSi kerpebisa da cecxlis siyvaruli aRuZra da mefem daiqadna, rom maxviliT amowyvetda yvela qristians, moklavda TviT nana dedofalsac, Tu is qristes ar uaryofda. Semdeg avida TxoTis mTaze, raTa kaspi da ufliscixe moexila. Sua samxrobisas dabnelda mze da mTaze iqmna, rogorc Rame, irgvliv bneli da ukuni Camowva. mefe marto darCa, verafers xedavda da SeSinebuli uxmobda yvela kerps, magram maT veraferi uSveles. maSin ninos RmerTs SehRaRada, rom exsna igi, sanacvlod jvris Tayvaniscemas, samlocvelo saxlis agebas da ninos morCilebas Sehpirda. meyvseulad ganaTda da gamobrwyinda mze. mefe Camovida cxenidan da Tayvani sca aRmosavleT mxares, rogorc amas qristianuli wesi moiTxovda. Semdeg daimaxsovra es adgili da amalasTan erTad mcxeTaSi dabrunda. mefes mcxeTaSi Seegebnen nana dedofali da yoveli eri. nino ki Cveulebisamebr loculobda mayvlovanSi. mieaxla mas mefe da mTeli laSqari. ninom aswavla mefes aRmosavleTiT eca Tayvani da eRiarebina qriste Ze RmrTisa. mTeli eri tiroda, roca atirebul mefesa da dedofals xedavda. meore dRes mefem mociquli waravlina saberZneTSi konstantine berZenTa mefesas da elene dedofalTan gaatana wigni wm. ninosi da naTlisRebisaTvis mRvdlebi moiTxova. xolo wm. nino da misi mowafeebi ers dRe da Rame daucxromlad uqadagebdnen da WeSmarit gzas uCvenebdnen. mirian mefem gadawyvita, mRvdlebis Camosvlamde samefo baRSi eklesia aeSenebina. saswrafod moiyvanes xuroebi, mokveTes libanis naZvi, romelic idga sidonias saflavTan, sadac igi uflis kvarTTan erTad iyo dakrZaluli, Svidi sveti gamoTales, eqvsi aRmarTes, xolo meSvide, udidesi svetis aRmarTva ver SeZles. es acnobes mefes. manac didZali xalxi moiyvana, magram svets veraferi mouxerxes. roca mosaRamovda, wavida mefe sasaxleSi Zlier Sewuxebuli, xolo wm. nino da misi mowafeni salocavad svetTan dadgnen. SuaRamisas isini saocari xilvis momswreni gaxdnen: ganTiadisas, roca wm. nino xelaRpyrobiT loculobda, movida vinme Wabuki, sruliad naTliT mosili, aiRo sveti, aRmarTa da waiRo maRla. Semdeg ki yvelam ixila es sveti, cecxlis saxiT Camomavali, rogor miuaxlovda Tavis xarisxs - mokveTili naZvis Zirs. gariJraJze adga mefe dardiani da ixila naTeli, rogorc elva, aRweuli caSi. misi xilviT mTeli mcxeTa SiSiTa da sixaruliT aRivso. didi saswaulebi moaxdina svetma, mravalni gankurna. mefem eklesia saswrafod daasrula. mirian mefis mociqulebma berZenTa mefes - konstantines mouTxres yoveli. gaixares konstantinem da misma dedam - elenem. maT gamogzavnes iovane episkoposad, 2 mRvdeli da 3 diakoni, romelTac macxovris xati da didi simdidre gamoatanes, xolo elene dedofalma qebisa da nugeSiscemis wignic moiwera. mirian mefem iovane episkoposisa da mRvdlebis mosvliT didad gaixara, Sekriba yvela erisTavi, mefem naTeli iRo wm. ninos xeliT, xolo dedofalma da misma Svilebma - mRvdlebisa da diakvnebis xeliT. Semdeg akurTxes md. mtkvari. episkoposma Seamzada

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erTi adgili mogvTa xidTan, sadac elioz mRvdlis saxli idga, da iq naTels scemda warCinebulT; amitomac eweoda am adgils mTavarTa sanaTlo. mdinarisve pirze organ ori mRvdeli da diakvnebi xalxs scemdnen naTels. aseTi saxiT naTeli iRo mTelma xalxma, ar moinaTlnen mxolod mTielebi da mcxeTeli ebraelebi. aseve ar moinaTla mirian mefis siZe - ferozi. amis Semdeg mirianma iovane episkoposi saberZneTSi konstantine mefesTan wargzavna da cxovelsmyofeli jvris nawili iTxova, romelic imJamad elene dedofalma aRmoaCina. aseve man yoveli qarTvelis mosanaTlad mravali mRvdeli, xolo eklesiebis asaSeneblad qviTxuroni iTxova. konstantinem sixaruliT uboZa cxovelsmyofeli jvris nawili da ficari, romelzec damsWvaluli iyo uflis fexebi, agreTve samsWvalni, romliTac xelebi hqonda mimsWvaluli, mRvdelnica da xuronic warmogzavna, xolo episkopos iovanes didZali ganZi uboZa. episkoposma uflis samsWvalni da ganZi eruSeTSi datova da wamovida. wundaSic xuroebi da ganZi datova, aseve uflis ficari datova manglisSi, sadac eklesiis Seneba daiwyo. mefem da mTelma qalaqma mtkiced iwama qristianoba. xuroebma wm. ninos mayvlovanSi eklesiis aSeneba daiwyes, sadac axla saepiskoposo eklesiaa. qarTlis moqcevis dros kldovan borcvze erTi xe idga. ukeTu mis foTols an Tesls daWrili nadiri SeWamda, aRar mokvdeboda, Tundac sasikvdilod dawylulebuli yofiliyo. auwyes episkopos iovanes am xis ambavi. episkoposma ki misgan jvris Seqmna ganizraxa da wavidnen revi, Ze mefisa, episkoposi da mravali adamiani, mokveTes xe da rtoebianad wamoiRes. xe mokveTili idga 37 dRe da misma foTlebma feric ar Seicvala. 1 maiss Seqmnes jvari, romelic 7 maiss aRmarTes. am jvarma gankurna revis sneuli ymawvili. revma aRTqmisamebr aaSena luskuma. jvarma kidev mravali saswauli hyo. mefem mTiulebis moqceva iZulebiT isurva, magram mas upasuxes, rom ara brZanebul ars uflisagan maxvilis aReba... ~saxarebiTa da patiosani jvriT unda vuCvenoT WeSmariti gzao~, da wavidnen wm. nino, episkoposi iovane da erTi erisTavi, uqadages mTiulebs qristes rjuli, magram maT ar inebes naTlisReba. maSin mefis erisTavma mcired warmarTa maxvili mTiulebze da ZleviT Semusra maTi kerpebi. xolo wm. nino wavida ranisaken, mivida kuxeTSi daba bodSi da dahyo iq ramdenime xani, masTan mravali modioda. iq dasneulda. masTan mividnen salome ujarmelo (mefis rZali) da peroJavra sivnieli, romelTac Caiweres wm. ninos cxovreba. netari nino misi qarTlSi mosvlidan meToTxmete wels gardaicvala da Tavisi survilisamebr dakrZales bodSi (bodbeSi). qarTlis moqcevis wyaroebi uZvelesi qarTuli wyaro, romelic qarTlis moqcevis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs, aris ~moqcevai qarTlisai~. igi ori nawilisagan Sedgeba. pirvel nawilSi gadmocemulia istoriuli qronika, meore nawili ki wmida ninos cxovrebis saeklesio sakiTxavia. ~moqcevis~ I nawili - istoriuli qronikebi - sxvadasxva drosaa dawerili. wm. ninos cxovreba ki, wina nawilisagan damoukideblad unda iyos dawerili. am redaqciidan Cans, rom ninos naambobi daba bodSi CauweriaT salome ujarmelsa da peroJavra sivniels. Tumca sami didi mecnieri (n. mari, iv. javaxiSvili, k. kekeliZe) am Txzulebas IX s-iT aTariRebs. Cven araviTari sababi ara gvaqvs ar davujeroT wyaros am mosazrebas erTi saintereso faqtic adasturebs. IV s-is II naxevarSi bizantiaSi imyofeboda salomesa da revis SviliSvili, jer kidev ufliswuli bakuri, Trdatis Ze. man cnobil bizantiel istorikosebs - gelasi kesarielsa da rufinuss uambo qarTvelTa gaqristianebis istoria. es monaTxrobi ~wm. ninos cxovrebis~ Taviseburi Semoklebuli variantia. gelasi kesariels Tavis ~saeklesio istoriaSi~ aRuweria qarTlis moqcevis ambavi. samwuxarod, es Txzuleba dResdReobiT dakarguladaa miCneuli, magram cnobebi masze mermindel avtorebs SemounaxavT TavianT SromebSi. am avtorTa Soris uZvelesia romaeli saeklesio istorikosi - rufinusi (gard. 410 w.), romelsac uTargmnia da Tavis TxzulebaSi Seutania gelasi kesarielis cnoba qarTvelTa gaqristianebis Sesaxeb. rufinusze dayrdnobiT es istoria moTxrobili aqvs V s-is berZen istorikoss - sokratesac (dab. 380 w.) Tavis ~saeklesio istoriaSi~. amave saTauris mqone nawarmoebSi mogviTxrobs iberTa gaqristianebis ambavs V s-is meore berZeni istorikosi Teodorite kvireli (daib. 390 w.). qarTlis moqcevis ambavi agreTve gadmocemuli aqvs kidev erT berZen saeklesio istorikoss - sozomens. mas uSualod rufinusiT usargeblia. V s-is berZeni istorikosi gelasi kvizikelic gelasi kesarielis ~istoriiT~ sargeblobda.

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gelasi kesarielis istoria, romliTac sargeblobdnen SemdegSi berZen-romaeli istorikosebi, IV s-is bolos qarTlis gaqristianebidan sul raRac naxevari saukunis Semdeg daiwera. uaRresad sayuradReboa gelasi kesarielis cnoba imis Taobaze, rom mas qarTvelTa gaqristianebis ambavi iberTa samefo saxlis erT-erTi warmomadgenlis bakurisagan gaugia. maSasadame, unda davaskvnaT, rom uZvelesi qarTuli wyaro, romelic qarTvelTa gaqristianebas mogviTxrobs IV s-Sia dawerili salome ujarmelis mier. qarTuli eklesiis uflebrivi mdgomareoba ~moqcevai qarTlisais~ qronikebSi (I nawilSi) daculia cnobebi qarTuli eklesiis meTaurebis Sesaxeb IV-IX saukuneebSi. qarTuli eklesiis meTauri wm. ninos dros iyo iovane mTavarepiskoposi. Cvens istoriografiaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa imis Sesaxeb, Tu vis eqvemdebareboda qarTuli eklesia Seqmnis Semdeg. mkvlevarTa erTi nawili fiqrobs, rom qarTuli eklesia IV s-is damdegs antioqiis iurisdiqciaSi Sevida. meore, amJamad miRebuli azriT ki konstantinopols daeqvemdebara. magram 325 wlis nikeis krebis dadgenilebis mixedviT eklesiaTa daqvemdebareba akrZaluli iyo. zogierTi mecnieris azriT am krebam msoflio sam kaTedras gaunawila. magram es ase ar aris. imperiis didi qalaqebis episkoposebs TavianTi Zalaufleba ukve TavianT garSemo arsebul ramdenime provinciaze hqondaT ganawilebuli. krebam maT es provinciebi ki ar CamoarTva, aramed ukve arsebuli faqti iuridiulad scno. im dros msoflios saeklesio ganawilebis problema arc arsebobda. es problema mas Semdeg gaCnda, rac imperiis dedaqalaqebis eklesiebi sapatriarqoebad iqcnen. es VI saukuneSi - iustinianes epoqaSi moxda. mainc romeli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda qarTuli eklesia IV s-Si, antioqiis, ierusalimis Tu konstantinopolisa? cnobili kanonisti balsamoni (XI s.) wers, rom romis imperiaSi IV s-Si yvela provinciis eklesia avtokefaluri iyo. imperia iyofoda 100-ze met provinciad. saqarTvelo romis provincia ar yofila. amitom radganac imperiis provinciebSi IV s-is damdegs yvela eklesia avtokefaluri iyo, es miT ufro saqarTvelos Sesaxeb iTqmis. e.i. miT umetes saqarTvelos eklesia iyo avtokefaluri. eklesiis meTauri saqarTveloSive rom aerCiaT, saWiro iyo episkoposTa krebis gadawyvetileba, e.i. saqarTvelos orze meti episkoposi mainc unda hyoloda. jer kidev vaxtang gorgaslis reformamde, romlis Sesaxebac ~moqcevai qarTlisai~ gvamcnobs, saqarTveloSi mravali episkoposi iyo. amaze metyvelebs is faqti, rom qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs ~mTavarepiskoposis~ tituli hqonda. CvenSi ramdenime episkoposis arsebobaze miuTiTebs ~wm. ninos cxovrebac~ (sadac weria: ~mefe mirianma daavedra episkoposT... adideT wm. ninos saflavio~), ~SuSanikis wamebac~ (romelSic moxsenebulia episkoposni samoeli, afoci da ioane) da ~vaxtang gorgaslis cxovrebac~ (~warmovida mefe vaxtang da miegebnen... da maT Tana episkoposni~) da a.S. maSasadame, matianeTa mixedviT, kaTalikosobis dawesebamde IV-V ss-Si qarTul eklesias mravali episkoposi hyavda. upirvelesi episkoposis mTavarepiskoposis kaTedra dedaqalaqSi - mcxeTaSi iyo. arsebuli wesiT, taxtze episkoposi samoqalaqo mTavrobis nebiT unda ~damjdariyo~. SeiZleba daisvas kiTxva: Tu qarTuli eklesia IV s-Si iseve avtokefaluri iyo, rogorc romis imperiis provinciaTa eklesiebi, maSin ratom gamogzavna qarTuli eklesiis pirveli episkoposi romis imperatorma konstantinem? ~qarTlis cxovrebisa~ da ~moqcevai qarTlisais~ cnobebiT qarTuli eklesiis Camoyalibebisas, xalxis mosanaTlad da dasamoZRvrad saWiro iyo ucxoeli samRvdeloebis daxmareba, magram eklesiis daarsebis Semdeg qarTuli eklesia, cxadia, iseve unda mowyobiliyo, rogorc maSindel romis imperiaSi sxva eklesiebi. imperiaSi ki, yoveli provinciis eklesia avtokefaluri iyo da maT meTaurs provinciis episkoposTa kreba irCevda sagulisxmoa, rom roca V s-is damdegs antioqiis didi eklesia Seecada daeqvemdebarebina kviprosis patara eklesia, efesos III msoflio krebam (431 w.) aseTi cda daaxasiaTa rogorc ~saqme, romelic ewinaaRmdegeba eklesiisa da mociqulTa kanonebs~. romis imperiaSi IV s-is damdegs avtokefalur eklesiaTa ricxvi 100-mde aRwevda. Semdgom daiwyo maTi raodenobis Semcireba eklesiaTa Serwyma-gaerTianebis gamo. amis Sedegad romis imperiaSi 381 w. 14 avtokefaluri eklesia aRmoCnda, aqedan VI s-Si 6 avtokefaluri eklesia darCa. avtokefalia dakarges mociqulTa mier daarsebulma eklesiebmac ki. magaliTad, ierusalimis eklesia kesaria-palestinis episkoposis

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zedamxedvelobis qveS imyofeboda, magram man ibrZola da qalkedoniis IV msoflio krebam (451 w.) avtokefalia aRudgina. amrigad, qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalias safrTxe emuqreboda ara IV s-Si, aramed V, VI, VII ss-Si, magram radganac saqarTvelo romis imperiaSi Semavali provincia ki ar iyo, aramed imperiis gareT arsebuli saxelmwifo, amitom imperiaSi provinciaTa eklesiebis Serwyma qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliaze veraviTar gavlenas ver moaxdenda. mociqulTaswor wm. ninos dros gaerTianebuli (organizebuli) saqarTvelos erTiani eklesiis meTaurebi (maT ruis-urbnisis kreba ~episkopos-kaTolikosebs~ uwodebs): 1. ioane qarTlis mTavarepiskoposi (326-363) 2. iakobi mTavarepiskoposi (363-375) 3. iobi (375-390) 4. elia I (390-400) 5. svimeon I (400-410) 6. mose (410-425) 7. iona (425-429) 8. ieremia (429-433) 9. grigol I (433-434) 10. basili I (434-436) 11. mobidani (436-443) 12. iovel I (443-458) 13. glonoqori (V s-is 40-iani wlebi) 14. miqael I (452-467) Tavi III. qarTuli eklesia V s-Si qveynis zogadi mdgomareoba V s-Si V s-is damdegs saqarTvelo sparselTa mier ukve daxarkuli qveyana iyo. sparselebma, marTalia, ver SeZles qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis gauqmeba, magram qarTvelebis asimilacias daufaravad cdilobdnen. pirvel rigSi surdaT, qarTvelebs sparsuli sarwmunoeba - cecxlTayvanismcemloba mieRoT. isini ebrZodnen da krZalavdnen qarTul erovnul wes-Cveulebebsa da tradiciebs. qristianoba im dros ukve qarTul erovnul sarwmunoebad iyo qceuli da amitomac qarTvelebs qristianuli wes-Cveulebebi hqondaT. qristianobis moSliT sparselebi imedovnebdnen, rom qarTvelebs erovnul saxes daukargavdnen. amave dros sparselebi Zirs uTxridnen qarTul saxelmwifoebriobas, anu mefobas. maT somxeTsa da albaneTSi V s-Si SeZles mefobis gauqmeba. saqarTveloSi ki es moaxerxes VI s-is damdegs, mxolod mTavrebisa da didi aznaurebis meoxebiT romelTac wyalobas ar aklebdnen, did Tanamdebobebsa da jildoebs urigebdnen. sparselebi cbierebiTa da veragobiT cdilobdnen qarTvelTa gatexas. bizantiis, anu ~berZnebis~ damokidebuleba saqarTvelos mimarT ki sul sxvagvari iyo. bizantiam IV s-is bolos qarTul saxelmwifos samxreTis teritoriebis didi nawili CamoarTva da uSualod SeierTa, xolo V s-is pirvel naxevarSi dasavleT saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani nawilic miitaca. miuxedavad amisa, saqarTvelos didi da umTavresi nawili mainc sparsTa gavlenis qveS imyofeboda da mTavari safrTxe swored maTgan iyo mosalodneli. amitom vaxtang gorgasali berZnul orientacias uWerda mxars, sikvdilis win anderZic ki datova, rom qarTvelebs ~berZenTa siyvaruli~ ar mietovebinaT, Tumca ~berZnebs~ SeebrZola kidec da saqarTvelos maT mier mitacebuli teritoriebi daubruna. aRsaniSnavia, rom V s-Si qristianobaSi ori gansxvavebuli mimarTuleba arsebobda. erTs bizantia mfarvelobda da aRiarebda, xolo meores - sparseTi. roca sparselebi mixvdnen, rom mazdeanobis gavrceleba arcTu advili iyo da qristiani xalxebi TavianT sarwmunoebas ar daTmobdnen, sarwmunoebrivi politika Secvales, raTa sparseTSi mcxovrebi qristianebi bizantiis gavlenisagan ganTavisuflebuliyvnen. sparseTs erCivna, isini sparsofilurad ganwyobili qristianuli eklesiebis gavlenisa da kontrolis sferoSi moqceuliyvnen. aseTi eklesiebi ki gaxldaT antibizantiurad ganwyobili siriuli da sparsuli eklesiebi. yovelive amis Sedegad sparseTis qristianebma 410 wlis krebaze TavianTi kaTalikosis meTaurobiT avtokefalia gamoacxades. V s-is bolos sparsofilur eklesias somxuri eklesiac SeuerTda.

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cxadia, aseTi mdgomareoba Tavis zemoqmedebas moaxdenda sparseTis gavlenis sferoSi moqceul saqarTvelozec. saqarTveloSi V s-Si uTuod arsebobdnen rogorc elinofiluri (berZnuli) aseve sparsofiluri qristianuli saeklesio dajgufebani. amitom saqarTvelos mefe sagangebo da daZabul mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda. qarTveli mefeebi, ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT, erTdroulad an orive dampyrobels - sparseTsa da saberZneTs - ebrZodnen, anda brZnulad iyenebdnen winaaRmdegobas am saxelmwifoTa Soris da xan berZnebs ebrZodnen sparselTa ZaliT, xan ki sparselebs berZenTa ZaliT. V s-is 40-iani wlebidan sparseTma axali metad aqtiuri da agresiuli politikis ganxorcieleba daiwyo. miznad isaxavda moespo qarTlis Sinagani damoukidebloba da Tavis provinciad gadaeqcia. amitom qarTlis (da amierkavkasiis) berZnul-romauli samyarosagan izolacia gadawyvita, risTvisac sargeblobda mefesa da feodalebs Soris arsebuli dapirispirebiT. qarTvel didaznaur erisTavebs berZnebic emxrobodnen qarTvel mefeTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. isini erisTavebs saxeloebs (Tanamdebobebs) da mamulebs urigebdnen memkvidreobis uflebiT. kaTalikosis Tanamdebobac memkvidreobiTi gaxda. mcxeTaSi VI s-Si or ojaxs kaTalikosis Tanamdeboba memkvidreobiT miuRia. V s-is 40-ian wlebSi Sahma aRwera Caatara da gadamxdelTa kategoriaSi qristianuli eklesiac Seiyvana. igi kvlav Seecada amierkavkasiaSi mazdeanoba gaevrcelebina. am mizniT qarTlis, somxeTisa da albaneTis Tavkacebi TavisTan daibara. V s-is somexi istorikosis lazare farpecis TqmiT ~qarTvelTa qveynidan (wavidnen) bdexSi arSuSa da qveynis sxva tanuterebi~. Sahma maT kategoriulad mosTxova mazdeanobis miReba. sxva gamosavali rom ar Canda, samive qveynis Tavkacebma gadawyvites, daTanxmebuliyvnen, magram samSobloSi dabrunebisTanave isev qristianoba mieRoT. amierkavkasiel didebulebs sparselebma Tan gamoayoles mogvebi. mogvebis moqmedebam 450 wels saerTo-saxalxo ajanyeba gamoiwvia. marTalia, 451 wels sparselebma CaaxSves ajanyeba, magram iZulebulni gaxdnen, garkveul daTmobebze wasuliyvnen. uTuod amis Semdeg qarTvelebma qarTuli eklesiis meTaurad saberZneTidan mRvdeli Camoiyvanes da mTavarepiskoposad dasves (igulisxmeba vaxtang gorgaslis dedis - sagduxtis mier Camoyvanili - miqaeli). 443 wels sparselebma albanelebi daamarcxes da albaneTSi mefoba gaauqmes. Vs-is 60-iani wlebis Sua xanebSi kavkasionis qedi hunebma gadmolaxes da qarTli da somxeTi daarbies. juanSeri maT osebs uwodebs. maT moitaces vaxtang mefis da - miranduxti. sparselTa gamTiSveli politikis wyalobiT zogierTi umaRlesi didebuli srulebiT ar epueboda mefes, magaliTad, varsqen pitiaxSi. Tavisi saqmianoba vaxtangma qveynis Sinagani simtkicisaTvis brZoliT daiwyo. pirvel rigSi eklesias mixeda da miznad misi ganmtkiceba daisaxa. am saqmeSi marto ar yofila, rogorc Cans, erovnulad ganwyobili samxedro wrec mxarSi edga. s. janaSias azriT, qarTul eklesiaSi kaTalikosobis dawesebamde mravali saepiskoposo yofila, romelTa zogierTi meTauric vaxtangs kaTalikosobis dawesebis dros Seucvlia. es V s-is 70-ian wlebSi unda momxdariyo. 484 wels vaxtangma varsqeni moakvlevina, riTac sparsofili aznaurebi umeTaurod datova. imave wels omi daiwyo sparselTa winaaRmdeg. manamde ki axali qalaqebi da cixesimagreebi aaSena, zogierTic ganaaxla. xelT igdo kavkasionis gadasasvlelebi da gaamagra. hunebTanac gamarTa molaparakeba, raTa sparselebTan omis dros jari mieSvelebinaT misTvis. es ambavi somxebsac gauxardaT, magram erTma somexma vaxtangis gegma sparseTis marzpans Seatyobina, ris Sedegadac sparselebma qveyanaSi ori didi laSqari gamogzavnes. qarTvelebs hunebis maSveli jari ar mouvida, somxebs Sorisac ar iyo erTianoba. sparselTa sardalma brZaneba miiRo, rom qarTlis mefe vaxtangi Seepyro, an moekla, anda qveynidan ganedevna. vaxtangma Tavisi samefos dasavleT nawils, egriss Seafara Tavi. am dros sparseTidan perozisa da sparselTa jaris daRupvis ambavi movida. sparselebi, uaRresad mZime viTarebaSi aRmoCndnen da iZulebulni gaxdnen, mTel rig mniSvnelovan daTmobaze wasuliyvnen. maT mTel amierkavkasiaSi Sewyvites qristianTa devna. qarTvel mefeTa taxti ganmtkicda. albaneTSi mefoba aRdga. 485 wels ajanyebulTa meTauri vahan mamikoniani somxeTis marzpanad daniSnes. es iyo vaxtang gorgaslis gamarjveba. mas mxarSi edga erTguli ~spa~. vaxtangma reformebis Catareba eklesiaSic SeZlo, axali episkoposebi daniSna, magram yvelaze mniSvnelovani is iyo, rom saqarTvelo gaaerTiana. sparsuli orientaciis saeklesio dajgufebani

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IV s-is bolodan V s-is 70-ian wlebamde, vaxtang gorgaslis reformamde, ucxour wyaroebSi qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb cnobebi ar aris, qarTuli wyaroebi ki imdroindeli qarTuli eklesiis mdgomareobas da kritikulad afaseben. aRsaniSnavia, rom xalxic uaryofiTad afasebda qarTuli eklesiis Sinagan mdgomareobas. ~ara keTilad vipyariT sjuli qristesio~... qarTuli eklesiis pirveli meTauri - iovane saberZneTidan gamogzavnes. igi antioqiis patriarq evstaTis mier iyo xeldasxmuli da, cxadia, qarTlSi nikeis rwmenas danergavda. amitomac qarTuli eklesia daarsebisTanave swor sarwmunoebriv gzas adga. Semdeg saukuneebSic arasodes Seucvlia rwmena, magram, rogorc Cans, 380-iani wlebidan 430-ian wlebamde saberZneTTan kavSiri ar hqonia. marTlac 380-iani wlebis Semdeg politikuri mizezebis gamo SeuZlebeli iyo, qarTul eklesias proberZnuli orientacia daecva. am dros qarTli, somxeTi da amierkavkasiis ZiriTadi nawili sparseTis moxarke qveynebi iyvnen, sparseTi ki - proberZnul, rogorc saeklesio, aseve politikur orientacias sastikad devnida. Tavis mxriv bizantiac ipyrobda saqarTvelos kuTxeebs. vaxtang gorgaslis bavSvobaSi is SemoWrila CvenSi da samefosaTvis dasavleT saqarTvelos nawili, ufro adre ki samxreT saqarTvelos nawili CamouSorebia da uSualod SeuerTebia. saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos daarseba cnobilia, rom romis imperiaSi imperator konstantinemde qristianoba saxelmwifo religia ar yofila. amitomac qristianuli Temebi TavisuflebiT sargeblobdnen im TvalsazrisiT, rom saxelmwifo ar karnaxobda qristianul eklesias, ra saxis unda yofiliyo misi administraciuli struqtura. amis gamo IV s-mde qristianuli Temi mociqulTa 34-e kanoniT am Temis mTavarepiskoposs unda daqvemdebareboda. Temebis mTavarepiskoposebi ki erTmaneTisagan damoukidebelni iyvnen. mTavarepiskoposs irCevda Temis (~naTesavis~) samRvdeloebis kreba. amitomac yoveli saeklesio Temi da saepiskoposo Tavisufali da ~avtokefaluri~ iyo. srulebiT Seicvala mdgomareoba romis mier qristianobis aRiarebis anu religiis gasaxelmwifoebriobis Semdeg. am droisaTvis (IV s-is damdegs), rogorc cnobilia. romis imperiaSi dawesda ~tetrarxia~ - ~oTxis mmarTveloba~. administraciuli mmarTvelobis TvalsazrisiT imperia calkeul nawilebad daiyo. mas marTavda ori imperatori da ori keisari. imperiaSi arsebobda udidesi qalaqebi: romi, antioqia, aleqsandria, agreTve sxva qalaqebi, sadac mxareTa da provinciaTa mmarTvelebi isxdnen. am mdgomareobas did qalaqebSi msxdomi episkoposebis gaZliereba, gamdidreba, maTi avtoritetisa da gavlenis zrda mohyva. dedaqalaqebis episkoposebi qalaqis saero mmarTvelTan SeTanxmebiT moqmedebdnen. saero mmarTveli ki dainteresebuli iyo mis qalaqSi mjdomi episkoposis avtoritetisa da gavlenis gazrdiT. amis gamo ukve IV s-is damdegidanve mimdinareobs procesi, romelsac SeiZleba davarqvaT mcire, TviTmyofad eklesiaTa gauqmebisa da didi eklesiebis gavlenis sferoebis gazrdis procesi. ukve IV s-Si mowveuli msoflio krebebi, marTalia, adastureben patara eklesiebis avtokefalias, magram aseve adastureben mTavari qalaqebis episkoposebis gavlenis sferoebis gafarToebas. es procesi mTeli IV s-is ganmavlobaSi grZeldeboda da sabolood 451 wels dasrulda. IV s-is damdegs 330 wels daarsebul konstantinopolis episkoposs normaluri sididis eparqiac ki ar gaaCnda, xolo antioqiisa da aleqsandriis episkoposebi TavianTi gavlenis sferoSi aqcevdnen maT garSemo mdebare teritoriebs. am mdgomareobas dedaqalaqis (konstantinopolis) episkoposebi ver urigdebodnen. konstantinopolis garSemo arsebobda Zlieri avtokefaluri eklesiebi - pontos, asiisa da Trakiis diocezebisa. maTi avtokefalia jer kidev II msoflio krebam daadastura. aRsaniSnavia, rom romis imperia dayofili iyo administraciul-sammarTvelo erTeulebad - provinciebad da diocezebad. diocezi ramdenime provincias aerTianebda. imperiaSi 100-ze meti provincia iyo, IV s-Si imperiaSi yvela provinciis eklesia avtokefaluri iyo, e.i. imperiaSi 100_ze meti avtokefaluri eklesia arsebobda, magram amave dros mimdinareobda provinciebis avtokefaluri eklesiebis Serwyma-SeerTebis procesi diocezis eklesiebSi. 451 wels qalkedonis IV msoflio krebam 20-e kanoniT Serwymis faqti daadastura. saerTod V s. iyo TavisTavadi saepiskoposoebis did sapatriarqoebsa da sakaTalikosoebSi gaerTianebis saukune. 451 wlis krebam daaarsa axali sapatriarqo ierusalimisa, romelSic palestinis TavisTavadi saepiskoposoebi Sevidnen.

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saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos Camoyalibebac amave dros, V s-Si moxda msgavsi gziT. saqarTveloSi V s-is bolos 30-ze meti episkoposi moRvaweobda. cnobilia, rom iq, sadac qristianobam fexi moikida, TiToeul qalaqs episkoposi ganagebda. saqarTvelos samefoSi saerisTavo an sapitiaxSo daaxloebiT iseTive administraciuli erTeuli iyo, rogorc romis imperiaSi - provincia (Zveli qarTuli ~samTavro~). qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs kaTalikosobis dawesebamde hqonda tituli ~mTavarepiskoposisa~ da episkoposTa Tavi iyo im teritoriaze, romelsac qarTveli mefe ganagebda. imis Semdeg, rac vaxtangma saqarTvelo gaaerTiana, SemouerTa uzarmazari teritoriebi - klarjeTisa da zRvispireTisa, reformis Catareba eklesiaSic ineba. am saqmeSi misTvis magaliTi rogorc bizantiis, aseve aRmosavleTis eklesiebi gaxldaT. sparseTSi arsebuli sxvadasxva qristianuli eklesiis meTaurebs TviT Sahi niSnavda (magaliTad, somxeTisas V s-Si), xolo romis (bizantiis) imperiaSi saeklesio kanonmdebeli organo - msoflio krebac ki imperatorebis aqtiuri CareviT imarTeboda. saqarTveloSi vaxtangs mZime mdgomareoba Seeqmna. eklesia ara Tu eqvemdebareboda qarTvel xelmwifes, aramed qarTuli eklesiis meTaurma miqaelma samTxvevad misul mefes fexi hkra da kbili Caumtvria. ~vercxlismoyvare xar Sen, - uTxra amis Semdeg vaxtangma miqaels, - da megvadruce qristesi~ (e.i. eklesia gamdidrebisa da piradi gamorCenisaTvis gnebavso). etyoba, miqaelis Tavxedobis erT-erTi mizezi is iyo, rom eSinoda, simdidre ar daekarga (amitomac iyo ~vercxlismoyvare~, ~megvadruce~ - molare). miqaelis mier simdidris dagroveba mefis nebis sawinaaRmdegod mefesa da eklesiis meTaurTa Soris winaaRmdegobis erT-erTi mizezi gaxldaT. Tu miqaels mefe SeuracxyofisTvis samagiero sasjels daadebda, amiT qristianul mosaxleobasa da miqaelis momxre episkoposebs aimxedrebda. aseT situaciaSi qristianobis mtrad gamocxaddeboda. vaxtangma gaiTvaliswina saeklesio kanonebi, Seqmnili saerTaSoriso mdgomareobac gamoiyena da umtkivneulod moiSora miqaeli, igi gansasjelad gagzavna konstantinopolSi. amrigad, qristianuli mosaxleoba ar gauRizianebia. bizantiidan Tormeti episkoposi gamogzavnes qarTlSi. etyoba, vaxtangma Secvala prosparsuli orientaciis episkoposebi da maT adgilze berZnuli orientaciisani dasva. aseve Secvala is episkoposebi, romelnic TavianTi simdidrisa da gavlenis gamo mefis xelisuflebas ar emorCilebodnen. ~qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ CamoTvlilia, sad dasva vaxtangma antioqiidan gamogzavnili axali episkoposebi: ~da dasva erTi episkoposad klarjeTs, eklesiasa axizisasa, erTi artans, eruSeTs; erTi javaxeTs, wundas; erTi mangliss, erTi bolniss, erTi rusTavs, erTi ninowmidas, ujarmis karsa, romeli gorgasalsa aReSena, erTi Werems, missave aRSenebulsa... erTi CeleTs... erTi xornabujs da erTi agaraks, romel ars xunan... Semdgomad missa aRaSena eklesia niqozis sagzebelsa Tana cecxlisa da dasva episkoposi~. es episkoposebi axlad SemoerTebul klarjeTsa da manamde sparseTis gavlenis qveS myof mxareebSi dasva. xsenebul saepiskoposoTa garda saqarTveloSi sxva saepiskoposoebic unda yofiliyo, romelTa meTaurebs Secvla ar esaWiroebodaT mefisadmi erTgulebisa da berZnuli orientaciis gamo. vaxtang gorgasalis mier saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos daarsebasTan dakavSirebiT unda davaskvnaT: V s-Si qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi arsebuli teritoriebi gaizarda. es Sedegi iyo imisa, rom vaxtang gorgaslis dros bizantiam saqarTvelos mitacebuli klarjeTi (samxreT saqarTvelo) da zRvispireTi (cixegojidan klisuramde) daubruna. cnobilia, rom V s-Si qalkedonis krebis droisaTvis gamsxvilda zogierTi eklesia, magaliTad, Seiqmna ierusalimis sapatriarqo, xolo pontos, asiisa da Trakiis diocezebi konstantinopolis patriarqis iurisdiqciaSi Sevida. swored am epoqaSi vaxtang gorgasalma ineba, qarTuli eklesia mowyobiliyo, rogorc erTiani centralizebuli samamTavro eklesia. e.i. dedaqalaqis (mcxeTis) episkoposi saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis sayovelTao episkoposi, anu kaTalikosi (berZnuli sityvidan ~kaTolos~ - sayovelTao) gaxda. am epoqis TiTqmis Tanadroul saistorio qronikaSi (~moqcevai qarTlisai~) pirvel kaTalikos petres mamamTavari ewodeba: ~aqaiTgan iwyes kaTalikosTa mamamTavrobad~. Tavi IV. qarTuli eklesia VI saukuneSi zogadi mimoxilva

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VI s-is damdegs sparseTma saqarTvelo daimorCila, ris Sedegadac qarTlSi mefoba gauqmda. rogorc qarTul, aseve zogierTi berZnuli wyaro mefobis gauqmebas sxvadasxvagvarad gadmoscems. magaliTad, ~moqcevai qarTlisais~ wyaros cnobiT saqarTveloSi VI s-is damdegs mefoba gauqmda da qarTvelebs mefe aRar hyavdaT; sxva wyaroebi ki, magaliTad, ~qarTlis cxovreba~, ar miuTiTebs, rom VI s-is I naxevarSi mefoba gauqmebuli iyo. asevea berZnul wyaroebSic. magaliTad, prokopi kesarieli mogviTxrobs, rom gurgen mefis ajanyebis Semdeg qarTvelebs neba aRar misces, sakuTari mefe hyolodaT, da mefoba gaauqmes. gurgeni lazikidan Tavisi saxlobiTa da amaliT 523 wels wavida bizantiaSi. 532 wels sparseTsa da bizantias Sorsi daido ~saukuno zavi~ da TiTqosda amis Semdeg qarTvelebs VI s-Si sakuTari mefe aRar hyavdaT, magram bizantieli mematianeebi malala da Teofane axseneben qarTvelTa mefes (Zamanarzos), dedofalsa da didebulebs, romelnic 535 wels konstantinopolSi Casulan iustiniane keisarTan mosalaparakeblad. SesaZlebelia dampyroblebma (sparselebma) saqarTvelos SezRuduli avtonomiis magvari raRac statusi misces, romlis saTaveSic gorgaslian-farnavazianTa Zveli dinastia yofila. albaT qarTvelTa garkveuli politikuri wreebi mefobis gauqmebas ar scnobdnen da dapyrobili qveynis meTaurs kvlav mefes uwodebdnen. asea Tu ise, udavoa, rom qveyanaSi VI s-is 70-90-ian wlebamde sparselebi batonobdnen da qarTul erovnul institutebs, maT Soris qarTul qalkedonur eklesias, Zlier devnidnen: iv. javaxiSvilis TvalsazrisiT, mefobis gauqmeba 532 wlis sazavo xelSekrulebam daakanona. ~moqcevai qarTlisais~ mematiane wers, rom ~amis bakuris zeve daesrula mefobai qarTlisai~. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sruli dapyrobis Semdeg sparselebi berZenTa gandevnas cdilobdnen dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispireTidan. 542 wels sparsTa mefe xosro didZali laSqriT aRmosavleT saqarTvelodan dasavleT saqarTveloSi gadasula da bizantielebis cixe-qalaqi petra auRia. dasavleT saqarTvelos sruli dapyrobis Semdeg ki gadauwyvetia, qarTuli mosaxleoba sparseTSi gadaesaxlebina, xolo lazikaSi sxva tomis xalxi Caesaxlebina. qarTvelebi ajanydnen da 549 wels sparselebi lazikidan gandevnes. 550 wels sparselebi kvlav Sevidnen lazikaSi da muxurisis xeobaSi gamarTul omSi sastikad damarcxdnen. sparseTsa da bizantias Soris lazikisaTvis omi dasrulda 563 wlis zaviT. lazika bizantielebs darCaT. am zaviT saqarTvelo erTmaneTSi bizantielebma da sparselebma gaiyves. bizantielebs darCaT lazika, xolo sparselebs - danarCeni iberia. am zaviT svaneTic bizantias unda darCenoda, radganac igi lazikis qveSevrdomi iyo. 590-ian wlebSi sparselebs danarCeni iberiis mniSvnelovani nawili daukargavT. 591 wels sparselebma da bizantielebma erTmaneTs Soris gaiyves aRmosavleT saqarTveloc. VI s-Si sparselebisaTvis misaRebi sarwmunoeba monofizitoba iyo, ris gamoc isini somxur eklesias mfarvelobdnen. roca sparseTi iZulebuli gaxda, uari eTqva mazdeanobis gavrcelebaze amierkavkasiaSi, monofizituri sarwmunoebis mfarvelad iqca. man saeklesio mwerlobas daavala monofizituri ideebi da sparseTTan ganuyreli kavSiris aucilebloba eqadaga. am mizniT sparseTis mefis agentebma SeTxzes legendebi, TiTqos qristianoba somxeTsa, qarTlsa da albaneTSi erTma pirma gaavrcela, TiTqos qarTuli, somxuri da albanuri anbanebi aseve erTma pirma Seqmna da TiTqos es ~ganmanaTlebelni~ amave dros TiTqos sparseTTan iyvnen dakavSirebulni. qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi VI saukuneSi iv. javaxiSvili wers: ~qarTuli eklesiis sazRvrebi vrclad yofila gadaWimuli: igi klarjeTsac Seicavda da sazRvrad aq taos saepiskoposo yofila~. samxreT-dasavleTiT qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebSi Sedioda klarjeTi vidre taomde, dasavleTiT qarTuli eklesiis sazRvrebi winandeburad egriss moicavda, Sav zRvamde midioda. somexTa istorikosis ioane kaTalikosis cnobiT kirioni, winandeli wesis Sesabamisad qarTvelTa, gugarelTa da megrelTa arqiepiskoposad iqna xeldasxmuli. gugarelTa Sesaxeb cnoba gasakviri ar aris, radgan gugareTi karga xania saqarTvelos dabrunebuli hqonda da qarTlis kaTalikosis samwysos ekuTvnoda, magram misi megrelTa kaTalikosad aRniSvna, mniSvnelovani cnobaa. cxadia, ioane kaTalikoss es cnoba romelime werilobiTi wyarodan eqneboda aRebuli. amJamad ioane kaTalikosis cnobis WeSmariteba damtkicebulia imiT, rom atenis sionis freskul warwerebSi aRmoCnda identuri cnoba, kerZod, moxsenebulia stefanozi ~megrelTa erisTavTa ufali~. mkvlevaris azriT, stefanozi qarTlisa da egrisis mmarTvelia. es kidev erTxel adasturebs ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ simarTles, rom saqarTvelos politikur-sarwmunoebriv

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orbitaSi ara mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTvelo, aramed dasavleT saqarTveloc iyo moqceuli. ioane kaTalikosis cnobiT, kirioni winandeli wesiT qarTvelTa, gugarelTa da megrelTa kaTalikosad VI s-is bolos dausvamT, e.i. qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqcia dasavleT saqarTveloze ara mxolod VI s-Si, aramed ufro adrec vrceldeboda. iv. javaxiSvilis gamokvleviT, V s-is Sua wlebisa da II naxevrisaTvis saqarTveloSi 24 saepiskoposo yofila, xolo cnobili asureli monofiziti moRvawe simeon beT-arSameli qarTlis 33 episkoposs ixseniebs. 607 wels daweril epistoleSi ki kirion qarTlis kaTalikosi abraam somexTa kaTalikoss werda, rom saqarTvelos sakaTalikosoSi sul 35 saepiskoposo Sedioda. rogorc vxedavT, erTi saukunis ganmavlobaSi qarTul eklesias ori saepiskoposo momatebia. es garemoeba qristianobis warmatebuli winsvliT unda aixsnas. saeklesio enebi albaneTSi, hereTSi, gugarqsa da dasavleT saqarTveloSi VI-VII saukuneebSi 1. saeklesio ena albaneTSi Tavidanve unda iTqvas, rom albaneTis saeklesio ena somxuri iyo da ara mSobliuri. albaneTi amierkavkasiis udidesi qveyana gaxldaT, gadaWimuli sevanis tbis mimdebare teritoriebidan vidre kaspiis zRvamde. albanelebi iberiul-kavkasiuri modgmisani iyvnen. amitomac albanuri ena axlos idga qarTvelur enebTan da sruliad gansxvavdeboda somxurisagan. garda amisa, albaneTis eklesia samociqulo TavisTavadi eklesia iyo, romelsac Tavisi kaTalikosi, saeklesio ierarqia da mravali episkoposi hyavda. miuxedavad amisa, VII s-dan albaneTis eklesiaSi wirva-locva da mRvdelTmsaxureba ara mSobliur enaze, aramed somxurad sruldeboda. albaneli samRvdeloeba somxur wignebsa da somxur anbans Tavisi saWiroebisaTvis iyenebda. amitomac Tavisuflad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom albaneTis eklesia wm. grigorisa da wm. maStocis Sromasa da Rvawls iyenebda Tavisi saWiroebisaTvis, ufro metic, VII s-is bolodan miiCneoda, rom albanuri eklesia wm. grigoris eklesiis (e.i. somxuri eklesiis) nawili iyo. arsebobs sxvadasxva mosazreba, Tu ratom iyenebda albaneTis xalxi saeklesio saWiroebisaTvis ara albanur enas, aramed somxur enas. erT-erTi mosazrebiT albaneTi mravalerovani qveyana yofila da samwuxarod, ver SeZlo erTiani, sayovelTao koine albanuri enis Seqmna, Tumca amis mcdeloba iyo. albaneTi nawilobriv armenizebuli - gasomxebuli jer kidev IV-V saukuneebSi yofila. miuxedavad amisa, albaneTSi V s-Si Seiqmna erovnuli anbani, mwerloba da albanuri istoriografiac ki. rogorc Cans, albanelebs mokle drois ganmavlobaSi hyavdaT TavianTi istorikosebi. aris sxva Tvalsazrisic albanelTa mier saeklesio enad somxuri enis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb. rogorc aRiniSna, albanelma xalxma V s-Si Seqmna sakuTari erovnuli damwerloba, Seqmnilia albanuri literaturis originaluri Zeglebi, romelTac Cvenamde ar mouRweviaT. V s-Si albaneTis eklesiebSi saeklesio enad albanuri ena gamoiyeneboda, Tu mTel albaneTSi ara, mis zogierT kuTxeSi mainc, magram amasTanave cnobilia, rom ukve VII s-is albaneli istorikosi mose kalankatueli Tavis Txzulebas wers ara albanur, aramed somxur enaze. Cans, am ori saukunis SuaSi, saxeldobr VI s-Si, albanur eklesiaSi moxda raRac cvlileba, kerZod, albanurenovani wirva-locva somxurenovaniT Seicvala. marTlac, VI s-Si Zalze didi Zvrebi xdeba amierkavkasiis eklesiebSi. sparseTis mier dapyrobil amierkavkasiis qveynebSi eklesiebze zedamxedveloba somxeTis eklesiam moipova. amis neba mas sparseTma misca. amitom somxeTTan mosazRvre mxareebis eklesiebSi somxurenovani RmrTismsaxureba dainerga. albaneTi adreve IV-V s-Si armenizebuli qveyana iyo da iq VI s-Si somxurenovani RmrTismsaxurebis sayovelTao gavrceleba Zneli ar iqneboda. amitomac Secvala somxurma saeklesio enam albanuri saeklesio ena. amis Semdeg albanuri wignebi da damwerloba arc erT saukuneSi aRar gamouyenebiaT. albaneli xalxic gadagvarda. 2. saeklesio ena hereTSi VI-VII ss-Si jer sparsTa, Semdeg ki arabTa mier dapyrobili hereTi momxdurebma albaneTis teritorias miuerTes. amitom am periodSi misi saeklesio enac somxuri iyo, iseve rogorc mTels albaneTSi.

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V s-Si hereTi ara albaneTis, aramed qarTlis (iberiis) samefos SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda. amas ~SuSanikis wamebac~ adasturebs, sadac hereTs pirdapir qarTli ewodeba. ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT hereTi ara marto V s-Si Sedioda qarTlis samefoSi, aramed qarTuli erovnuli saxelmwifos SeqmnisTanave, e.i. qristemde IV-III saukuneebSi. amave wyaros mixedviT eTnikurad herebi qarTvelTa ~Tvisni~ - qarTvelebi arian. wm. ninos mier qarTuli erovnuli eklesiis daarsebis dros IV s-Si hereTi qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda. wm. ninom TviTon moaqcia hereTi qristianul rjulze. amis Sesaxeb cnobebi ara marto qarTul wyaroebSi, aramed somxurSic gvaqvs. kerZod, mose xorenaci wm. ninos Sesaxeb wers, man moaqcia qarTveli eri klarjeTidan vidre kaspiis karamde da masquTebis qveyanamdeo (masquTebi kaspiis zRvasTan cxovrobdnen). aRsaniSnavia, rom mose xorenaci wm. ninos ~qarTvelTa momaqcevels~ uwodebs. amitomac wm. ninos mier moqceuli mosaxleoba ~klarjeTidan vidre kaspiis karamde~, xorenacs qarTvelebad miaCnia. V s-Si hereTis saeklesio ena qarTuli iyo imis gamo, rom IV s-danve aq qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda. somxur istoriografiaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba, TiTqosda hereTis teritoriaze somxuri mosaxleoba cxovrobda. arsebobs ori mosazreba: erTis, anu oficialuri Tvalsazrisis mixedviT hereTSi albanur-somxuri mosaxleoba cxovrobda da XI s-is Semdeg es xalxi gaqarTvelda, meore azriT ki herebi qarTulenovani xalxi iyo, romelic VI-X ss-Si, somxuri eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi moeqca albaneTis sxva kuTxeTa msgavsad da nawilobrivi armenizacia ganicada, xolo XI s-dan hereTi kvlav daubrunda deda-qarTul eklesias, qalkedonituri mxare gaxda da amitomac aq eklesiebSi wirva-locvis enad mSobliuri qarTuli ena aRdga. anu,hereTi uZvelesi droidan qarTlis samefos nawili iyo, VI-IX ss-Si dapyrobaTa dros igi monofizituri iyo, X s-Si ki iq qalkedonitoba aRadgina anu ~moaqcia dinara dedofalma~ da hereTis saeklesio ena kvlav qarTuli gaxda. hereTis dasavleTiT mdebareobda ganTqmuli daviTgarejis lavra. ismis kiTxva, Tu hereTi VI-IX ss-Si albaneTis msgavsad monofizituri iyo, ra sarwmunoebrivi mimarTuleba hqonda am lavras? asurel mamaTa cxovrebidan Cans, rom es mamebi qarTul enaze laparaks gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen. ~qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ aRniSnulia, rom maT misagebeblad gamosul kaTalikoss asureli mamebi qarTul enaze pasuxoben. qarTul enaze laparaks ki im dros principuli mniSvneloba hqonda, radganac am periodSi sparsTa mier dapyrobil mxareebSi somxurenovani RmrTismsaxureba inergeboda sparselTa nebiT. srulebiT ueWvelia, rom daviTgarejis lavra VI-X ss-Si qarTulenovani monastrebisagan Sedgeboda, rac TavisTavad pasuxia am lavris sarwmunoebrivi mimarTulebis Sesaxebac. igi monofizituri rom yofiliyo, iq danergili iqneboda mxolod da mxolod somxurenovani wirva-locva da araviTar SemTxvevaSi - qarTulenovani, magram es ase ar yofila. maSasadame, cxadia, es lavra qalkedonituri iyo. aSkaraa, daviTgarejis monastrebi hereTis dasavleTi nawilis armenizacias aferxebdnen da xels uwyobdnen hereTSi qalkedonituri mrwamsis aRdgenas. amitom es nawili qalkedonituri iyo, magram hereTis ZiriTadi nawili dinara dedoflamde monofizituri yofila, rasac Taviseburi gavlena mosaxleobazec mouxdenia. X s-Si, roca mTeli hereTi gaqalkedonitda, daviTgarejis monasterSi, maT Soris sabereebSic, hereTis sxva kuTxeebidan mosulan berebi, romelTac wirva-locvis qarTuli ena ki gaegebodaT, magram wera-kiTxva (romelic adreve - siymawvileSi Seiswavles) mxolod somxurad icodnen. amitom monastris winamZRvrebma maTTvis kedlebze sagangebod somxurenovani ganmartebiTi warwerebi gaakeTebines, raTa maT Tavisuflad SeZlebodaT gageba, Tu ra iyo, an vin iyvnen gamoxatulni eklesiis kedlebze. unda davaskvnaT, rom hereTi IV-V ss-Si qarTuli eklesiis nawili iyo. VI-X saukuneebSi misi didi nawili monofizitur-somxurma eklesiam miitaca, X saukuneSi ki igi dedaqarTul eklesias daubrunda. Sesabamisad, IV-V saukuneebSi hereTis saeklesio ena iyo qarTuli, VI-IX ss-Si somxuri, X s-dan ki - kvlav qarTuli. 3. saeklesio ena gugarqSi anu qvemo qarTlSi somxuri istoriografiis mixedviT, somxeTis CrdiloeTiT moqceuli vrceli qveynis - gugarqis centri qalaqi curtavi iyo. gugarqi qarTlis qveyanaa. curtavi

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dRevandel rusTavTan axlos mdebareobda. esaa qvemo qarTli. aqaur eklesiebsa da sxva materialuri Zeglebis naSTebze V s-iT daTariRebuli mravali qarTuli warwera arsebobs, rac imis utyuari niSania, rom gugarqSi saeklesio ena, anu wirva-locvis ena IV-V ss-Si qarTuli iyo. amave dros Cvenamde moRweulia pirvelxarisxovani saistorio wyaro - ~epistoleTa wigni~ VI-VII ss-isa, saidanac sruliad aSkarad Cans, rom saerTod gugarqSi da kerZod curtavSi, ~somxurenovani~ mosaxleobis sakmao raodenoba cxovrobda. amJamad qarTul istoriografiaSi aris mcdeloba, rom es somxurenovani mosaxleoba Zalze mcirericxovan Temad gamocxaddes, romelic curtavSi saxlobda, magram aseT mosazrebas srulebiT ewinaaRmdegeba ~epistoleTa wigni~, sadac garkveviT weria, rom somxurenovani mosaxleoba Zalze mravalricxovania da gugarqSi aqvs ~qveynebi~, soflebi, dabebi, hyavT aznaurebi da glexebi... zogierTi fiqrobs, rom ~somxurenovneba~ niSnavs eTnikur somxobas, rac arasworia. somxuri ena sparselTa mier dapyrobis droidan VI s-dan, aqauri mosaxleobis saeklesio ena gaxda, radganac sparselebi devnidnen qarTul eklesias da mxars uWerdnen somxurs. eTnikurad ki es xalxi qarTvelebi iyvnen. aseTi mtkicebis safuZvels iZleva TviT ~epistoleTa wigni~, sadac srulebiT garkveviT weria, rom curtaveli episkoposi mose ~qarTvelTa~ episkoposi iyo: ~...mose qarTvelTa marTlmadidebeli episkoposisa~. somxebi marTlmadidebels uwodebdnen monofizits. mose, romelsac somxuri wyaroebi qarTvelTa episkoposs uwodeben, monofiziti iyo da mxurvale momxre somxuri eklesiis iurisdiqciis ganvrcobisa. gugarqis mosaxleoba rom eTnikurad qarTuli iyo, es kargad icodnen Zvelma somexma istorikosebmac. amis Sesaxeb pirdapir wers uxtanesi. igi aRniSnavs, rom curtavsa da gugarqSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi somxuri eklesiisa da somxuri qristianobis zegavlenis qveS iyvnen da isini somexTagan kirionma ganaSorao. kirionis reformis Sedegad gugarq-curtavSi qarTulenovani RmrTismsaxureba aRdga, rasac somxeTis eklesiam dvinSi didi winaaRmdegoba gauwia. CvenSi aris mcdeloba qarTuli eklesiis anda romelime kuTxis somxuri eklesiis gavlenis qveS yofna uaryon da Sesabamisi cnobebi tendenciurad gamoacxadon, magram amis Sesaxeb ucxoeli istorikosebis specialur literaturaSicaa cnobili. is, rac msoflio mecnierebaSia cnobili, arc CvenSi unda iqnas uaryofili. kerZod, Zlier somxur eklesias Tavisi antiqalkedonuri anu antibizantiuri mimarTulebis gamo sparseTi V-VI ss-Si da araboba VII-IX ss-Si aZlierebdnen da kargad epyrobodnen. Tavis mxriv, bizantiis saxelmwifoc cdilobda, Tavis mxareze gadaebirebina Zlieri somxuri eklesia dayvavebiT, moferebiT, daTmobiT da yovelgvari xelSewyobiT. amis gamo somxurma eklesiam SeZlo Tavisi gavlenis sferoSi moeqcia somxeTis uSualo mezoblad mdebare arasomxuri provinciebi, rogorc albaneTisa, aseve saqarTvelosi. ris Sedegadac mkvidri qarTuli mosaxleoba saeklesio TvalsazrisiT ~somxurenovani~ xdeboda, xolo qarTul eklesiebsa da wm. wignebSi somxuri minawerebi Cndeboda. sainteresoa gugarqis Semdgomi bedi eklesiuri TvalsazrisiT. rogorc cnobilia, gugarqSi Cvenma didma kaTalikosma kirionma RmrTismsaxurebisas somxurenovani wirvalocvis gverdiT qarTulenovani wirva-locvis danergvac SeZlo. es sruliad miuRebeli gaxda somxuri eklesiisaTvis, romelmac kirionis sastikad dasja gadawyvita, rac im dros somxeTis prosparsuli orientaciis mqone mmarTvelma sumbatma ver SeZlo. magram male sparsTa mefem xosrom Seutia bizantias, daamarcxa da ierusalimi aiRo. 614 wels man saeklesio kreba moiwvia, romelzec sparseTis imperiaSi mcxovrebi qristianebi daavaldebula ~mieRoT somxuri qristianoba~. amis gamo kirioni iZulebuli gaxda, lazikaSi gadasuliyo. male sparseTi herakle keisarma daamarcxa da somxur eklesiasTan megobruli kavSiri ~unia~ Sekra. amis gamo somxuri eklesiis mier mitacebuli qarTuli mxareebis xalxebi kvlav ~somxurenovania~ saeklesio TvalsazrisiT. X s-is bolos qvemo qarTlSi daarsda taSir-Zoragetis kvirikianebis samefo. es samefo gansakuTrebiT 989-1048 ww-Si, gaZlierda. igi Semdeg anisis samefom SeierTa, Semdeg ki bagrat IV-m. amis Semdeg mas mainc somxuri warmoSobis mepatroneni gamouCndnen (magaliTad, 1185 wlidan qarTlis es nawili samarTavad mxargrZelebs gadaecaT). miuxedavad amisa, am mxaris qarTvelobam Tavisi erovnebis SenarCuneba mainc SeZlo, Tumca nawilobriv somxuri eklesiis samwysod iqca. qvemo qarTlSi Semdgomac axali dapyrobis Semdegac mteri sastikad ebrZoda marTlmadideblobas da qarTvelebze abatonebda somxur eklesias XVI-XVIII ss-Si. yovelive amas sparseTi uwyobda xels. 4. saeklesio ena dasavleT saqarTveloSi

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dasavleT saqarTveloSi IV-V-VI da agreTve VII s-is damdegs saeklesio ena iyo qarTuli da ara berZnuli, rogorc miCneulia amJamad. berZnuli ena dasavleT saqarTvelos erT nawilSi saeklesio enad oficialurad iqca mxolod VII s-is 30-iani wlebidan. amis mizezi iyo is, rom am wlebSi bizantiis imperatorma heraklem dasavleT saqarTvelos erTi nawili - ~zRvispireTi~ uSualod SeuerTa bizantiis saxelmwifos, ris gamoc dasavleT saqarTvelos am nawilze saeklesio iurisdiqcia ganaxorciela konstantinopolis sapatriarqom. aq daarsda lazikis berZnulenovani samitropolito, romelSic Sedioda ramdenime berZnulenovani saepiskoposo. yvela es saepiskoposo zRvis siaxloves mdebareobda, umetesad mdinare Woroxis xeobaSi da md. rionis dasavleT sanapiros mimdebare teritoriaze. konstantinopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiqcia ar moicavda mTel dasavleT saqarTvelos, egrisisa da argveTis provinciaze iurisdiqcias mcxeTis sakaTalikoso axorcielebda. erTiani qarTuli eklesia daarsebis dros, IV s-is damdegs, moicavda ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelosac. wm. ninos mier daarsebuli eklesiis ena iyo qarTuli ena. V s-Si dasavleT saqarTvelo vaxtang gorgasalis samefoSi Sedioda. cxadia, im drosac dasavleT saqarTveloSi saeklesio ena iyo qarTuli. miuxedavad imisa, rom VI s-Si dampyrobelTa Soris cxare brZolebi imarTeboda dasavleT saqarTvelos xelSi Casagdebad, mainc es teritoria qarTuli saxelmwifos Semadgenel nawilad miiCneva, radganac roca herakle keisarma uSualod Seiyvana bizantiis imperiaSi dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispireTi, imdroindelma qarTlis mmarTvelma - mefem gamoTqva ukmayofileba da keisars Txovna gaugzavna erovnuli teritoriebis ukan dasabruneblad. VII s-mde arc erT berZnul wyarosa, cnobasa Tu notaciaSi ar moiZebneba miniSnebac ki imisa, rom VI, anda ufro adre IV-V ss-Si aRniSnul miwebze (igulisxmeba ~egriswylis~ aqeT mdebare qveyana) berZnuli saepiskoposoebi arsebobdnen. piriqiT, arsebobs rogorc qarTuli, aseve somxuri wyaroebi, romlebic amtkiceben, rom dasavleT saqarTveloSi da mis zRvispireTSi V-VI ss-Si da VII s-is damdegsac Tavis iurisdiqcias axorcielebda ara berZnuli, aramed qarTuli eklesia, kerZod, mcxeTis sakaTalikoso. unda davaskvnaT, rom dasavleT saqarTveloSi saeklesio ena IV saukunidanve iyo qarTuli. 5. saeklesio ena tao-klarjeTSi sparselebi qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis gauqmebis Semdeg, rogorc iTqva, sastikad devnidnen saqarTvelos wmida eklesias, viTarca bizantiuri orientaciis mqones (qalkedonur-marTlmadideblurs), samagierod gaaZlieres somxuri eklesia, viTarca antibizantiuri (monofizituri) orientaciis mqone. amasTan dakavSirebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom VI saukuneSi somxuri eklesia orad gaiyo, dasavleT somxeTSi, bizantiis imperiis momijnave mxareebSi Camoyalibda somxuri qalkedonuri anu marTlmadidebluri eklesia somxurenovani wirva-locviTa da RvTismsaxurebiT. am eklesias, e.i. somxur-qalkedoniturs, bizantia uWerda mxars da misi daxmarebiT cdilobda mTeli somxeTis Tavis mxareze gadmobirebas, rac Zalze mniSvnelovani politikuri sakiTxi iyo konstantinopolisaTvis. aseT viTarebaSi, roca sparseTis da bizantiis imperiebi mxars uWerdnen somxur eklesias, Zlier dazaralda somxeTis mezoblad mdebare saqarTvelos kuTxeebi, gansakuTrebiT tao, SedarebiT naklebad klarjeTi. saqme is iyo, rom qarTuli centraluri xelisuflebis ararsebobis gamo, Semdeg ki arabebis Semosevebis gamo (romelnic aseve aZlierebdnen somxur eklesias) tao ZiriTad, xolo klarjeTi nawilobriv (VI-VII saukuneebSi) aRmoCnda somxuri eklesiis iurisdiqciis qveS. es mxareebi mxolod qarTvelebiT iyo dasaxlebuli, Tumca maTi armenizaciis procesi intensiurad mimdinareobda. tao-klarjeTSi erTxans, kerZod ki VII saukuneSi, somxuri qalkedonuri sakaTalikoso centric ki daarsda nerse iSxneli kaTalikosis (VII s.) dros. am nerse kaTalikoss, somexi qalkedonitebis mamamTavars ~netarsac~ ki uwodebs giorgi merCule. safiqrebelia, rom nerse eTnikurad qarTveli iyo mTeli am mxaris mosaxleobis msgavsad, Tumca somxuri eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda da somxurenovani wirva-locva hqonda. SedarebisaTvis moviyvanT magaliTs: Tbilisis da mTeli saqarTvelos mkvidri marTlmadideblebi, politikuri viTarebis gamo XIX s-Si iyvnen rusuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi, rusulenovani wirva-locviT, Tumca eTnikurad qarTvelebi gaxldnen. sabednierod, saqarTvelos gaZlierebis kvaldakval tao-klarjeTi daubrunda qarTul saxelmwifoebriv wiaRs VIII-IX saukuneebidan da aq kvlav aRsdga qarTulenovani wirva-locva.

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TviT qarTveli mematianeebi qarTvel ers uwodebdnen ~litonsa (ubralosa) da martivs~. am ~simartivis~ gamo, marTalia, gvian, magram TandaTanobiT qarTvelebi mixvdnen, rom somxuri eklesia mwvalebluri iyo da iswavles Tavdacva monofizitobisagan, mkveTrad gaemijnen maT, Tumca didxans verafriT mixvdnen somxuri eklesiis meore frTis, somxuri qalkedonitkuri ierarqiisa da sasulieroTa miswrafebas, rogorme TavianT mrevlad gadaeqciaT qarTveloba VI-VII ss-Si. am miuxvedrelobisa da, cxadia, aseve sxva mniSvnelovani mizezebis gamo, somxur qalkedonituri anu somxur marTlmadidebluri eklesiis wiaRSi, rogorc aRniSna, moeqca ZiriTadad taosa da nawilobriv klarjeTis qarTveloba. qarTul istoriografias amJamadac ki ara aqvs gacnobierebuli is faqti, rom VII-X ss-Si arsebobda Zalze Zlieri somxur-qalkedonituri eklesia, Tanac ise Zlieri, rom TiTqmis 60-mde saepiskoposo hqonda bizantiis aRmosavleTSi, erayidan - vidre klarjeTamde, hqonda didi saRvTismetyvelo literatura, somxur enaze SesaniSnavad naTargmni wmida werili, dogmatikuri liturgikuli skolebi. am Zlierma somxur-qalkedoniturma eklesiam SeZlo arabTa Semosevebis wina epoqidanve, rogorc iTqva, Tavis iurisdiqciaSi moeqcia taosa da klarjeTis qarTveloba, isic ki moaxerxa, saqarTvelos am kuTxeebSi saepiskoposoebi da monastrebi daearsebina. iSxnis somxuri sakaTalikoso centri VII sSi, romelic, rogorc wyaroTa analizidan Cans, ara mxolod qarTvelTa qveyanaSi arsebobda, aramed misi ierarqiac qarTuli sasuliero pirebisagan Sedgeboda. es movlena im droisTvis niSneuli iyo. magaliTad, qarTveli kirioni swavlobda somxeTSi, Semdeg iyo somxeTis centraluri provinciis - araratis episkoposi da Semdeg gaxda kaTalikosi qarTlisa. imis gamo, rom somxur-qalkedonuri eklesia RaRadebda erTobas berZnul eklesiasTan da mtkiced icavda marTlmadideblobas, igi misaRebi iyo taosa da klarjeTis qarTvelebisaTvis. sabednierod tao-klarjeTis qarTveloba maleve mixvda, rom udavod deda-qarTul eklesias unda dabruneboda, radganac somxuri - qalkedonuri saepiskoposoebi 726 w. manaskertis krebis Semdeg SeuerTdnen somxur monofizitur eklesias. uaryofdnen marTlmadideblobas da zedized uerTdebodnen somxur-monofizitur eklesias. amis gamo taosa da klarjeTSi uaryofili iqna somxuri eklesia da xalxi daubrunda deda-qarTulenovan, marTlmadidebel eklesias. arsen safarelis Txzuleba ~ganyofisaTvis qarTvelTa da somexTa~ sainteresoa Txzulebis avtoris ideologiuri pozicia - ara qarTli da qarTvelebi gaSordnen somxebs, aramed piriqiT, somxebi ganSordnen marTlmadideblobas. qarTli marTlmadidebeli iyo da marTlmadidebladve darCa, rwmena ar Seucvlia, xolo somxebi ganSordnen mas, e.i. isini aramarTlmadideblebi gaxdnen. Txzulebis mokle Sinaarsi aseTia: aRmosavleT romis imperiis (bizantiis) imperatoris arkadi keisris (395-408) dros somxeTi am imperiaSi Sedioda, rjulic berZnuli hqonda. somxebs sparsTa mxridan mudmivi Tavdasxma emuqrebodaT. maT berZnebi eSvelebodnen, magram Semdgom sparseTma somxeTi daipyro. somxebi Txovdnen saberZneTs, daxmareboda maT, magram arkadi keisarma ar Seismina maTi Txovna. maSin somxebi SeuTanxmdnen sparseTs, rom misi moxarke gaxdebodnen, daarwmunes sparsTa mefe didi ficiT, kavSirs gavwyvetT berZnebTano. ramdenime xans isini mSvidad cxovrobdnen marTali sarwmunoebiT, anu berZnuli rjuliT, magram Semdeg nestorianelebma didZali qrTamis safasurad sTxoves sparsTa mefes, maTTvis mieca neba, somxeTi nestorianul rjulze moeqciaT. peroz mefemac (457-484) aiZula somxebi mieRoT nestorianuli rjuli, magram somxebma uaryves mefis es ganzraxva da mis mociquls ganucxades: Cven Cveni sarwmunoeba ara marto Cvens qveyanas, aramed Cvens Tavsa da Svilebsac gvirCevniao. magram somxeTis marzapnis - vahan mamikonianis sikvdilis Semdeg es Tanamdeboba (marzapanoba) sparselebma miiRes. maT Seuracxyves saqristiano wesi. somex aznaurTa xelisufleba daeca da kaTalikosebi da episkoposebi simarTlisagan ganidriknen. zogierTma kaTalikosma da episkoposma sparseTis mefeebi iSviles da amiT imas miaRwies, rom samTavro msajuleba da simdidre miitaces. sparsTa mefem somxebs ubrZana, an asurelTa sarwmunoeba, e.i. monofizitoba mieRoT, anda daetovebinaT qveyana. somxebi Zlier Sewuxdnen, magram nerse kaTalikosma (548567), romelsac mijini erqva, suli xorcs daumona da sarwmunoebis Secvla gadawyvita. mwuxarebiT amcnes sparsTa mefes somxebma, rom miiRebdnen iakobitTa sjuls (monofizituri rwmena, romelic ufro axlos idga berZnulTan, vidre sxva seqtebi). ase ganryvnes somxeTi, namoRvawari wm. grigolis cremliTa da SromiT.

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da moawyves kreba q. dvinSi, miiRes xaCecari (monofizitoba). boroti borots daumates, ar eziarnen qalkedonis krebas da RvTis piridan gadavardnen. amis gamo, yoveli qarTli da somxeTis meoTxedi ganeyvnen somexTagan mRvdlobis xeldasxmas, xolo herni da sivnielni, marTalia, erT periodSi ganSordnen, magram Semdeg kvlav SeuerTdnen somxur eklesias. somxeTSi mravali mwvalebloba gavrcelda: sabelianosTa, iakobitTa da timoTe kernisa, romelic maniqevelTa seniT iyo Sepyrobili. amaT mkvdari alkarneli episkoposis ivlianes xeli daidves da am gziT axali episkoposi akurTxes, radganac ori episkoposi hyavdaT (wm. mamebis swavlebiT axali episkoposis kurTxevisaTvis sami episkoposia saWiro). amis gamo dRemde maT ~xel-namkvdrevni~ ewodebaT. somexTa kaTalikosma nerse II-m da episkoposebma dvinSi meore didi kreba Caatares (553-54 wlebSi). am krebaze SeaCvenes qalkedonis kreba, uwodes mas nestorianuli, miiRes qristes erTbunebianoba da igi ukvdavi bunebiT jvarcmulad cnes. amis Semdgom somexTa kaTalikosma ioanem (gabelenelma. 557-74) sxva kreba moiwvia manaskertSi. man wm. saidumlos ganaSora wylis darTva da puris afueba. amis Semdeg kidev ufro gaRrmavda dava qarTvelTa da somexTa Soris. qarTvelTa kaTalikosma kirionma (591-615) gandevna Tavisi eparqiidan mose curtaveli episkoposi, romlis samRvdelmTavro kaTedra wm. SuSanikis saflavze aSenebul eklesiaSi iyo. es somexTa kaTalikos abraamis dros moxda. abraamis Semdgom kaTalikosad dajda komitosi (607-629), romelic Zalze mdidari iyo. mas sZulda qalkedonis kreba, misca Svidi saepiskoposo herTa kaTalikoss da SeierTa is, sivnieTis episkoposs jvris tarebis pativi dasdo da am xerxiT somxeTi qalkedonis krebis sawinaaRmdegod gaaerTiana. gamoZebna vinme dawyevlili ioane mairagomeli, aRWurva qalkedonis swavlebis sawinaaRmdego wignebiT da Tavisi sikvdilis Semdeg sakaTalikoso taxti aRuTqva. man aTargmnina monofizitTa da sxva eretikosTa wignebi, gaavrcela isini da am tyuiliT mTeli somxeTis qveyana daajera. am dros daiSala Zveli da axali ver dainerga. amis gamo somxeTSi dRemde yoveli kaci mis mier gamogonil kanonebs iyenebs. komitosis Semdeg sakaTalikoso taxtze qristefore dajda (628-630), romelic mairagomelis mteri iyo, xolo mcire xnis Semdeg - ezra (630-641). am dros ukve aRsrulda wm. grigoris Cveneba, romelic mas suliwmidam auwya, rom cxvrebi mglebad iqcevian, sxva cxvrebs Seuteven da uwyalod dakbenen. gavida xani. movida herakle keisari (610-640) somxeTSi, ixila somexTa wvaleba da friad Sewuxda. man brZana didi krebis mowveva mTeli somxeTis episkoposebisa da moZRvrebisa. movidnen erTobiT mefesTan. gamowvlilviT gamoiZies mravali ZiebiT da marTali daamtkices. aRiares am krebaze qalkedonitoba (632 w.), magram rogorc ki dvinSi dabrundnen, maSinve warmwymedeli vnebisaken miiqcnen. mwvalebel berebs igive mairagomeli aRZravda. ezras Semdeg sakaTalikoso taxtze avida nerse iSxneli, kaci Rirsi da marTlmorwmune, romelmac gaaZeva ioane mairagomeli, rogorc macduri. mairagomeli kavkasiis mTianeTSi wavida, magram maleve ukan dabrunda, kambeCanSi gadmovida da mcire xevSi damkvidrda. man mravalni daimowafa Tavisi uweso moZRvrebiT, mravali aRkveca berad da qveyana mwvaleblobis RvarZliT aavso. nerse kaTalikosis sikvdilis Semdeg kaTalikosi gaxda anastasi (661-667). mis dros araratSi mivida mairagomeli Tavisi mowafeebiT, xolo anastasis sikvdilis Semdeg somxeTSi Sevida da iq mokvda 133 wlisa. misi mowafeebi israel kaTalikosisa (667-677) da grigol erisTavis mier ganidevnen da ganibnen somxeTis qalaqebsa da soflebSi adamianTa sacduneblad vidre dRemde da aqamde. aseTia arsen safarelis Txzulebis mokle Sinaarsi. asureli mamebi monofizitobis winaaRmdeg V saukuneSi qarTuli saxelmwifo eklesia, rogorc wm. raJdenis wamebidan Cans, proberZnuli aRmsareblobisa yofila. VI s-is Sua wlebSi saqarTveloSi Camodian asureli mamebi, iwyeben aqtiur moRvaweobas da saqarTveloSive aResrulebian VI s-is damlevsa da VII s-is damdegs. Tu SevadarebT erTmaneTs im mdgomareobas, romelSic imyofeboda qarTuli eklesia asureli mamebis Camosvlisas, im mdgomareobasTan, romelSic imyofeboda maTi moRvaweobis dasasruls, davrwmundebiT, rom isini monofizitur mimdinareobas ebrZodnen da gaimarjves kidec masze. marTlac, sparsTa mier saqarTvelos dapyrobis Semdeg VI s-is 30-40-ian wlebSi, rogorc mecnierebi amboben, CvenSi mZvinvarebda monofizitoba, xolo amave s-is 70-90-ian

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wlebSi da VII s-is damdegs saqarTvelo srulebiT qalkedonuri mimarTulebisa iyo, rac politikur mizezebTan erTad asureli mamebis Rvawlmac ganapiroba. romel wlebSi Camovidnen asureli mamebi saqarTveloSi, rogori sarwmunoebrivi mimarTulebisa iyo qarTuli eklesia am dros da rogori mdgomareoba Seiqmna maTi moRvaweobis dasasruls? ai kiTxvebi, romlebic pasuxis gacemas moiTxoven. asureli mamebi saqarTveloSi Camovidnen farsman mefis (542-557) da kaTalikos evlavis (533-544) dros - 540-ian wlebSi. es wlebi monofizitobis batonobis xanadaa miCneuli. am TariRs mxars uWeren iv. javaxiSvili, T. Jordania, k. kekeliZe. qarTlis cxovreba CamoTvlis asureli mamebis saxelebs: eseni gaxlavT - iovane zedazneli, daviT garejeli, stefane xirseli, ioseb alaverdeli, zenon iyalToeli, anton martomyofeli, ise wilkneli, TaTe stefanwmideli, Sio mRvimeli, isidore samTavneli, abibos nekreseli, miqael ulumboeli, piros breTeli da elia diakoni. Tu qarTul eklesiaSi Seqmnil mdgomareobas gadavxedavT, davinaxavT, rom 540-ian wlebSi, asureli mamebis saqarTveloSi Camosvlis dros, sparsTa mxardaWeriT CvenSi monofizitobas mtkice poziciebi hqonda. aTi wlis Semdeg, asureli mamebis moRvaweobis wyalobiT CvenSi qalkedonitobis poziciebi ufro Zlieria, vidre monofizitobisa, rac 551 wels kaTalikos mijinis dros dvinSi mowveul krebazec gamoCnda. am krebam aSkarad da gadaWriT miiRo monofizitoba, ris gamoc somxur elkesias qarTuli da albanuri eklesiebi Camoscilebia, oci wlis Semdeg ki - 574 wels qarTul eklesiaSi qalkedonitoba gamarjvebulia. asurelma mamebma 30 weliwadSi gaweuli Rvawlis wyalobiT SeZles ara marto qalkedonizmis sruli gamarjvebisaTvis mieRwiaT, aramed, rac aranakleb mniSvnelovania, qalkedonizmis gamarjvebam Teoriuli safuZveli Seqmna qarTuli da somxuri eklesiebis urTierTdaSorebisaTvis, somxuri eklesia ki Tavisi enisa da kulturis gavrcelebas cdilobda mTels iranul amierkavkasiaSi. ase rom asureli mamebis moRvaweobam ganamtkica qarTuli kulturis erovnuli safuZveli da Cvens xalxs erovnul-kulturuli gadagvarebis aSkara safrTxe aaSora. asurel mamaTa erovnebis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva mosazreba arsebobs. zogierT mkvlevars miaCnia, rom isini qarTvelebi iyvnen. faqtia, maT wina planze qarTuli ena hqondaT wamoweuli da gansakuTrebul yuradRebas qarTulad saubars, wirva-locvis qarTul enaze Catarebas aqcevdnen, radgan es ena qalkedonizmis enad iyo miCneuli imis gamo, rom qalkedonitoba erovnul sarwmunoebad ukve VI s-is saqarTveloSi qceula. Zveli qarTveli moRvaweni ar malavdnen da ar aferadebdnen eklesiis mdgomareobas xsenebul periodSi. magaliTad, giorgi mcire, romelsac Tavis TxzulebaSi giorgi mTawmidelis sityvebi mohyavs - ~ra Jams erTgzis gvicnobies, arRara midrekil varT marcxul, gina marjul~, arc imas malavs, rom ~qveyana Cveni Sors iyo queyanisgan saberZneTisa da viTarca RvarZliani raime, daTesuli iyunes qveyanasa Cuensa borotni igi Teslni somexTani~. giorgi mcire gulisxmobs VI s-isa da VII s-is garkveul periodebSi somxuri mwvaleblobis, anu somxuri eklesiis momZlavrebas qarTul eklesiaze. misi azriT, ~pirveliTganve gvaqvndes wvrilnica da sarwmunoebai WeSmariti da marTali~, romelic Semdgom monofizituri mwvaleblobis momZlavrebiT amRvreula qarTlSi da IV-V ss-Si berZnuli enidan marTlad Targmnili wm. wignebi monofizitTa gamo VI-VII ss-Si somxuridan xelaxla uTargmniaT, anda maTTvis redaqtireba gaukeTebiaT. asureli mamebis Rvawlic is yofila, rom maT qarTuli eklesiisaTvis Tavidan aucilebiaT didi safrTxe monofizitobisa, anu rogorc maSin uwodebdnen, somxuri sarwmunoebis aRiarebisa. Tavi V. qarTuli eklesia VII saukuneSi qveynis zogadi mdgomareoba VII saukuneSi 591 wels iberia or nawilad gaiyo. erTi, q. Tbilisamde, eWiraT bizantielebs, xolo qvemo qarTli da sxva kuTxeebi kvlav sparselebs darCaT. amas eklesiis sarwmunoebrivi orientaciisaTvis gadamwyveti mniSvneloba hqonda. ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT, sparselebma da bizantielebma molaparakeba gamarTes qarTuli eklesiis mdgomareobaze. bizantia sayvedurobda sparselebs, rom qarTul eklesias Cagravda. Sedegad 591 wlidan 604 wlamde saqarTvelos umetesi nawili da qarTuli eklesia sparsTa batonobisagan gaTavisuflda. aRniSnulma politikurma viTarebam gaxada SesaZlebeli, qarTul eklesias aSkarad gaemJRavnebina Tavis qalkedonituri mimarTuleba. kirionis cnobil moZraobas, somexi istorikosis cnobiT, mxars uWerda uSualod imperatori bizantiisa - mavrike.

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politikuri viTareba male kvlav Seicvala, kerZod mas Semdeg, rac mavrike keisari misma mxedarTmTavarma mokla, xolo sparseTis mefe bizantiaSi SeiWra da 604 wlidan 620 wlamde amierkavkasiis teritoriaze gabatonda. sparseTi, marTalia, 604 wlidan 614 wlamde qarTul eklesias ar ukrZalavda, aSkarad eRiarebina Tavisi sarwmunoebrivi (qalkedonituri) mimarTuleba, magram 614 wlis Semdeg pozicia Secvala. Tu ierusalimis aRebamde anu ~wartyvevnamde~ (613-614) Sahi Tavis imperiaSi moqceul qristianul eklesiebs sarwmunoebriv Tavisuflebas aZlevda, Semdeg yvela eklesias mosTxova, antibizantiuri sarwmunoeba anu somxuri aRmsarebloba mieRo. 614 wels sparseTSi mowveuli imperiis saeklesio krebis dadgenilebis safuZvelze xosro II-m aseTi brZaneba gamosca ~yvela Cemma qveSevrdomma qristianma unda miiRos somxuri sarwmunoeba~. brZanebam ukiduresad Secvala qarTuli eklesiis bedi. xosro II-m kidev ufro gaaZliera somxuri eklesia. VI da VII ss-Si swored is xanaa, romelsac qarTvel mecnierTa erTi nawili e.w. ~somexTa gaqarTvelebis, anu gaqalkedonitebis~ saukuneebad miiCnevs, magram, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, sparsTagan dasustebul qarTul eklesias, romelic somxuri eklesiis politikur-sarwmunoebrivi gavlenis qveS imyofeboda, ar Seswevda unari somexTa ~gaqarTvelebisa~. piriqiT, - qarTvelebis arcTu umniSvnelo raodenoba da mTeli kuTxeebic ki (qvemo qarTli, tao-klarjeTi da sxva) - somxuri eklesiis samrevlod iqca. 623-27 wlebSi sparseTSi laSqrobaTa Semdeg herakle keisarma somxuri eklesia ki ar dasaja, piriqiT, masTan Sekra kavSiri, e.w. ~unia~, vinaidan surda, Tavis qveyanaSi mieRwia sarwmunoebrivi erTobisaTvis, anu miemxro aRmosavleTSi mcxovrebi monofiziti xalxebi. es ki SeuZlebeli iyo somxuri eklesiis gareSe. swored amitom 630 wels Seikra ~unia~ - somxur da bizantiur eklesiaTa Soris. amis Semdeg (726 wlis manskertis krebamde) somxuri eklesia bizantielTa Tanamorwmune anu qalkedonitur eklesiad iqca. bizantielebmac, rogorc adre sparselebma, cnes misi uzenaesoba, lideroba amierkavkasiaSi. cxadia, somxuri eklesia axla kvlav cdilobda, qarTul eklesiaze Zveli zegavlena moepovebina. rogorc Cans, qarTuli eklesia am dros iZulebuli gaxda, antioqiisa da sxva sapatriarqoebisaTvis eTxova, maT misi avtokefalia daedasturebinaT. ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ danarTebi mowmoben, rom antioqiis sapatriarqom qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia daadastura. aRsaniSnavia, rom somxurma eklesiam aseve did warmatebas miaRwia VII s-Si amierkavkasiaSi SemoWril arabebTan molaparakebis drosac. arabebmac aRiares somxuri eklesiis lideroba. samagierod bizantiam 680-681 wlis konstantinopolis VI msoflio saeklesio krebaze, ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT9 qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia daadastura da mas iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi daudgina. dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio iurisdiqcia VII saukuneSi wm. maqsime aRmsareblis cxovrebis mixedviT uflis nebiTa da mowyalebiT qristianuli sarwmunoebis siwmidis Seupovarma damcvelma qarTvelma erma SeZlo marTlmadidebloba umwikvlod moetana uZvelesi xanidan dRemde. jer kidev cnobili berZeni istorikosi prokofi kesarieli VI s-Si werda ~iberebi qristianebi arian da am sarwmunoebis wesebs yvela imaTze ukeT icaven, romelTac Cven vicnobT~ (georgika II, 1965, gv. 48), prokofi ki icnobda aziis, afrikisa da evropis mraval qveyanasa da xalxs. amasve amtkiceben Zveli qarTuli wyaroebic. maTi mixedviT qarTveli xalxi ~mieriTgan aRsasrulamde hgies SeuZvrelad marTalsa sarwmunoebasa zeda~ (mitr. anania jafariZe, saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebi, t. II, 2003, gv. 102). CvenTvis Zalze mniSvnelovania da Rirebuli is cnobebi qarTvelTa mtkice marTlmadideblobis Sesaxeb, romlebic wm. maqsime aRmsareblis cxovrebaSia daculi. wm. maqsime 662 wels gamoaZeves bizantiidan da Tavis or mowafesTan - anastasi apokrisarisTan da anastasi monazonTan erTad Cvens qveyanaSi, dasavleT saqarTveloSi gadmoasaxles (wm.maqsimes erT-erTma mowafem aRwera kidec TvaliT xiluli cxovreba Tavisi moZRvrisa). VII s-is damdegs, herakle keisris Semdgom, jer sparsTa batonobis, Semdeg ki sparseTSi herakle keisris laSqrobis gamo saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifoebrioba moSlili iyo da dasavleT saqarTveloSic ramdenime calkeuli qveyana arsebobda bizantielTa xelqveiT, maT Soris: lazeTi, afxazeTi, afSileTi, svaneTi, Takveri da sxva. ai, rogor axasiaTebs wmida marTlmadideblobis damcveli da misi siwmidis SeuryevlobisaTvis devnili wmida maqsime aRmsareblis mowafe anastasi apokrisari qarTvelTa imJamindel qveynebs: lazeTs uwodebs - ~qristes moyvare lazTa qveyanas~

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(georgika, IV, 2, gv. 41), afxazeTs - ~qristesmoyvare abazgebis qveyanas~ (iqve, gv. 45), am qveyanaTa meTaurebs ki ~RvTismoyvare mTavrebs~ (iqve, gv. 45), ~ibiriis Rirssaqeb patrikiossa da pretors~ (iqve, gv. 48). saqme isaa, rom cxovreba wmida maqsime aRmsareblisa misma mowafem wm. anastasim dawera VII s-is 60-ian wlebSi, maSin, roca mTel bizantiaSi boboqrobda gamarjvebuli monoTelitoba, Sesabamisad idevneboda marTlmadidebloba, aRar darCa mTavari da episkoposic ki wmida marTlmadideblobis damcveli. aseT dros, aseT epoqasa da garemoSi dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos xalxi da mTavrebi yofilan ~qristesmoyvareni~ anu marTlmadideblobis mtkice damcvelni. ase rom ar yofiliyo, cxadia, maT ~qristesmoyvareT~ ar uwodebda anastasi apokrisari, kaci, romelmac ar ikadra sicrue da, romelsac simarTlis, wmida sarwmunoebis dacvis gamo Tavis moZRvarTan da megobarTan erTad mokveTes ena da mklavebi. moZRvris cxovreba mas mklavmoWrils dauweria. xelis mtevani da TiTebi aRar hqonia, magram SerCenil xelis nawilze ori wvrili joxi miumagrebia da ase dauweria moZRvris cxovreba, - wers mogonebebSi VII s-is moRvawe Teodosi gangreli. dasavleTi saqarTvelo Zveli qarTuli matianeebis, aseve ruis-urbnisis ~Zeglisweris~ cnobiT IV saukunidanve mcxeTis kaTalikosis iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda. andria mociqulma iqadaga ~yovelsa qveyanasa saqarTveloisasa~, xolo wmida ninom moaqcia ~yovelni qarTvelni~, - werdnen ruis-urbnisis wmida krebis mamebi. es iyo safuZveli dasavleT saqarTveloSi mcxeTis kaTalikosis iurisdiqciis ganvrcobisa. mociqulTa kanonebis 34-e muxlis mixedviT IV s-Si organizebuli saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi unda damTxveoda saxelmwifo administraciuls. Zveli matianeebis dabejiTebuli cnobiT ki imJamindeli saqarTvelos anu qarTlis samefos dasavleTi sazRvari gadioda Savi zRvis pirsa da mdinare egriswyalze. md. egriswyali (Semdegdroindeli RaliZga) erTmaneTisagan yofda qarTlis samefosa da bizantiis imperias. egriswylis iqiT afxazeTi anu abazgia - bizantiis xeldebuli qveyana mdebareobda. ase yofila mefe azonisa da mefe farnavazis dros da maT Semdeg mefe mirianis epoqaSic. wyaroebis mixedviT mefe mirianis gamgeblobaSi aRmosavleT saqarTvelosTan erTad iyo egrisic. Sesabamisad mis dros IV s-is damdegs organizebulma saqarTvelos eklesiam Tavis iurisdiqciaSi moaqcia aRmosavleTTan erTad dasavleT saqarTvelo md. egriswylamde. mefe vaxtang gorgaslis dros saqarTvelos daubrunda klarjeTi da agreTve afxazeTis teritoria md. egriswylidan md. klisuramde (kelasuramde), maSasadame, V s-dan sazRvari qarTlis samefosa da bizantiis imperias Soris gadioda md. kelasurze. am mdinaremde axorcielebda qarTlis kaTalikosi Tavis saeklesio Zalauflebas. amitomac gvamcnoben somxuri wyaroebi, rom VI s-is damlevsa da VII s-is damdegs kirion kaTalikosi iyo ~arqiepiskoposi egrisisao~. somxuri wyaroebis garda, romelnic miuTiTeben, rom VI s-is damlevs dasavleTi saqarTvelo mcxeTis kaTalikosis iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda, vaxuSti batoniSvilic brZanebda: dasavleT saqarTveloSi teritoria, e.w. ~vake~ anu miwa-wyali quTaissa da md. cxeniswyals Soris, ~saeklesio erTobis~ dros anu VIII s-mde, afxazeTis sakaTalikosos warmoSobamde, ~mcxeTis arqiepiskoposis~ iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda. vaxuStisave cnobiT raWis didi nawili niqozis episkoposis samwyso iyo. viTareba Seicvala herakle keisris laSqrobis Semdeg. VII s-is 20-30-ian wlebSi herakle keisarma qarTlis samefos CamoaWra Savi zRvispireTis vrceli teritoriebi da isini bizantias dauqvemdebara. iberiis anu qarTlis nacvlad aq bizantielTa xelqveS Camoyalibda lazikis, abazgiisa da sxva samTavroebi. miuxedavad politikuri cvlilebebisa dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleoba mainc mcxeTis kaTalikosis iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda. prokofi kesarieli miuTiTebda kidec, rom VI s-Si dasavleT saqarTvelos qristianebi ~kaTalikosis~ iurisdiqciaSi imyofebodnen. kaTalikosi ki imJamad mcxeTaSi ijda. qarTuli wyaroebis dabejiTebuli mtkicebiT dasavleTi saqarTvelo mudam qarTuli eklesiis ganuyofeli nawili iyo. aseTi mosazreba arsebobda uZvelesi xanidan XX s-is 30-ian wlebamde. XIX s-is 30-ian wlebSi ki konstantinopolis sapatriarqosadmi daqvemdebarebul saepiskoposoTa nusxebis gacnobis Semdeg CvenSi gaCnda axali Sexeduleba, TiTqosda dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebobda konstantinopolisadmi daqvemdebarebuli lazikis samitropolito (fazisSi) da oTxi saepiskoposo kaTedra (ziganasi, saisinisa, petrasi da rodopolisisa). amave nusxebis Seswavlis Semdgom briuselis universitetis profesoris, msoflio mniSvnelobis bizantiolog nikoloz giorgis Ze adoncis (1871-1942) mosazrebiT zemoT xsenebuli bizantiuri saepiskoposoebi zigana - ziginebisa, rodopolisisa da saisinisa, sinamdvileSi mdebareobda ara dasavleT saqarTveloSi,

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aramed qarTveli xalxis uZveles qveyanaSi ~lazikaSi~ anu trapizinis olqSi. adonci werda, rom konstantinopolis sapatriarqos nusxebSi moxsenebuli ziganas saepiskoposo centri mdebareobda trapizonis axlos, rom iqve iyo sxva adgilebic, msgavsi saxelis mqoneni (mag.: ~ziganas mTa~ da sxva). maxloblad iyo rodopolisisa da saisinis kaTedrebic. maSasadame, rodopoliss adonci ar ukavSirebda varcixes da misi azriT, varcixis araviTari berZnuli saepiskoposo ar yofila, arc saisini - iyo caiSis kaTedra, xolo zigana ar iyo ziginevi anu gudayva, dasavleT saqarTveloSi ar arsebobdnen berZnuli saepiskoposoebi. amasve dabejiTebiT miuTiTebs qarTuli wyaroebic. arc erTi qarTuli wyaro ar icnobs dasavleT saqarTveloSi berZnul saepiskoposoebs - varcixes, gudayvasa da caiSs. imaves gvauwyebs wm. maqsime aRmsareblis cxovrebac. dasavleT saqarTveloSi mis dros berZnuli saepiskoposoebi rom yofiliyvnen, cxadia, am saepiskoposoTa mrevli iseTive monoTeliti iqneboda, rogoric mrevli saerTod konstantinopolis sapatriarqos saepiskoposoebisa aRniSnul epoqaSi. maSasadame, dasavleT saqarTvelos xalxic da misi mTavrebic ar iqnebodnen marTlmadideblebi da isini konstantinopolur saepiskoposoTa msgavsad monoTelitobis anu mwvaleblobisadmi iqnebodnen midrekilni. wm. maqsime aRmsareblis mowafis wm. anastasi apokrisaris sityviT ki, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, dasavleT saqarTvelos xalxi mtkiced icavda marTlmadideblobas umZimes epoqaSi, msoflio eklesiaSi monoTelitebis batonobis dros. Sesabamisad unda davaskvnaT, rom safuZveli gvaqvs kidev erTxel vendoT saeklesio erovnul wyaroebs, rom dasavleTi saqarTvelo IV-VIII s-Si, miuxedavad mZime politikuri viTarebisa, imyofeboda mcxeTis kaTalikosis iurisdiqciaSi da icavda marTlmadideblobis simtkices aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobis msgavsad. dasavleTi saqarTvelo mcxeTis kaTalikosis iurisdiqciaSi rom imyofeboda wm. maqsime aRmsareblis epoqaSi, VII s-Si, amaze metyvelebs VII s-is I naxevarSi agebuli martvilis anu Wyondidis SesaniSnavi taZari: wm. andria mociqulis mier aRmarTuli jvris adgilas aziduli es sasuliero kera, mTeli dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobis samlocvelo, agebulia mcxeTis jvris taZris analogiurad. xuroTmoZRvari ki egrisis centrSi, saeklesio kanonebis mixedviT, veraviTar SemTxvevaSi ver aaSenebda mcxeTis jvris tipis taZars, rom ar hqonoda saeklesio ierarqis Sesabamisi kurTxeva da nebarTva. mcxeTis jvris taZris msgavsi taZris ageba dasavleT saqarTvelos centrSi kidev erTxel adasturebs Zveli qarTuli wyaroebis dabejiTebul Tvalsazriss, rom es mxareebi imyofebodnen mcxeTeli kaTalikosis iurisdiqciaSi da ara konstantinopolis patriarqisa. amitom IV, V, VI da VII saukuneebSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi wirva-locvis ena iyo is Zveli qarTuli liturgikuli (saliteraturo) ena, romlis Seqmna-SemuSavebasa da daxvewas Cveni gamokvleviT Rvawli dades petre iberis aRmzrdelma ioane lazma da dasavleT saqarTvelos sxva moRvaweebma. amitomac aRmoCnda palestinis uZvelesi qarTuli warwerebi V s-is ierusalimis udabnos e.w. ~lazTa monasterSi~. saeklesio arqiteqtura sazogadod asaxavda liturgikul viTarebas da igeboda wirva-locvis saWiroebisaTvis. maSasadame, igi Seesabameboda liturgikul tipikons. mcxeTis jvari gulisxmobda, rom am arealSi, sadac mcxeTis jvris tipis taZrebi iyo ganlagebuli, erTi msgavsi tipikoniT tardeboda wirva-locva. mcxeTis jvarSi ki wirvalocva tardeboda qarTul enaze da mcxeTis kaTalikosis iurisdiqciaSi Semaval eklesiebSi erTi saxis liturgikuli wesi aResruleboda. am arealSi moqceuli yofila martvilisa da egrisis mrevlic. ruis-urbnisis krebis ~Zeglisweris~ dadgenilebaSi miniSnebuli cnobiT wmida ninos droidanve dasavleTi saqarTvelo mcxeTeli kaTalikosis iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda da aq imTaviTve wirva-locvis ena iyo qarTuli ena da ara berZnuli. bolos unda davaskvnaT: 1) wm. maqsime aRmsareblis epoqaSi dasavleT saqarTvelos qristianebi iyvnen mtkice marTlmadideblebi da 2) dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleoba wmida ninos droidanve imyofeboda mcxeTis da ara konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi, miuxedavad VI s-dan Seqmnili politikuri viTarebisa. wmida marTlmadidebloba im epoqaSi safuZveli iyo qarTvelTa TviTmyofadobisa da erovnuli moZraobisa iseve, rogorc Semdgom saukuneebSi. ganyofa da Semdgomi urTierToba qarTul da somxur eklesiaTa Soris somxur eklesias, romeli sarwmunoebrivi mimarTulebisac unda yofiliyo is, qalkedonuri Tu monofizituri, Zala Seswevda, Tavis gavlenis sferoSi moeqcia somxeTis mosazRvre saqarTvelos zogierTi kuTxe iq mcxovrebi qarTveli mosaxleobiTurT, rac,

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cxadia, iwvevda (igulisxmeba VI-VIII saukuneebi) qarTvelTa denacionalizacias anu erovnul-kulturul-sarwmunoebriv gadagvarebas. es mxareebi, kerZod qvemo qarTli (gugarqi), hereTi, tao da klarjeTis erTi nawili idga aSkara erovnuli safrTxis winaSe. swored es iyo kirion kaTalikosisa da, saerTod, qarTuli eklesiis Tavgamodebisa da, SeiZleba iTqvas, Tavdadebis mizezi. kirions Tavisi erovnul-sarwmunoebrivi moZraobis dros mxari dauWira saqarTvelos mosaxleobis yvela fenam. aseve qarTvelma monofizitebmac. amis Semdeg kirionma SeZlo ~ganyofoda~ somxur eklesias. ~ganyofa~ qarTul da somxur eklesiaTa Soris (dawyebuli asureli mamebis mier) kirionma daagvirgvina 607-609 wlebSi. ganyofa agreTve Sedegi iyo imdroindeli saerTaSoriso situaciisa, magram, es situacia Seicvala 613-614 wlebis Semdeg. sparseTma moiTxova yvela qristianisgan, maT Soris qarTvelebisganac, an mieRoT ~somxuri sarwmunoeba~, an ganSorebodnen TavianT qveyanas. kirioni, rogorc Cans, moridebia sparsTa muqaras da gadasula dasavleT saqarTveloSi, romelic mis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda. igi, rogorc fiqroben, herakle keisris laSqrobisas fazisis arqiepiskoposi yofila. qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo eklesiad gamocxadeba VII saukuneSi msoflioSi arsebobs mravali adgilobrivi eklesia, romelTagan gansakuTrebuli Rirsebis mqoneT, maT Soris qarTul eklesias, ufleba aqvT, sapatriarqod iwodebodnen. qarTuli wyaroebiT, Cveni eklesiis meTaurs patriarqis wodeba miuRia VII s-Si, magram aseve cnobilia, rom saqarTvelos pirvel patriarqad miCneulia melqisedek I. amitomac, cxadia, ismis kiTxva: mainc rodis mieniWa patriarqis wodeba qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs: XI s-Si Tu VII s-Si? iqneb qarTul wyaroTa miTiTeba, romelic VII s-s exeba, umarTebuloa? ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ ramdenime CanarTi dabejiTebiT miuTiTebs, rom VII s-Si arsebobda saqarTveloSi sapatriarqo da mis meTaurs hqonda patriarqis wodeba. magaliTad, erT-erTi CanarTi exeba VI msoflio krebis (681 w.) gadawyvetilebas: ~amis krebisa mier brZanes wmidisa eklesiisa saqarTvelosaTvis, romel ars wmida mcxeTa, raTa iyos swor pativTa, viTarca wmidani samociqulo kaTolike eklesiani, sapatriarqoni... pirvelTagan antioqiis krebisa mier ganpatiosnebuli iyo, da am krebisa mier dagvimtkicebia patriarqad... odesca enebos Semzadeba da kurTxeva mironisa, akurTxos Tvissa eklesiasa~ (~qarTlis cxovreba~, I, 232). saqarTvelos mezobeli eklesiebis (albaneTis da somxeTis) meTaurebis titulaturidan Cans, rom rogorc albanel, ise somex kaTalikosebs VII s-Si hqondaT wodeba ~patriarqisa~ (mose kalankatuelis ~alvanTa qveynis istoria~ da ~epistoleTa wigni~). ~patriarqad~ wodebis ufleba arabizantiuri eklesiebis nawils miuRia VI s-is bolodan. amierkavkasiis RirsebiT sam Tanabar eklesiaTa Soris Tu albanursa da somxurs hqondaT ufleba mironis kurTxevisa da meTauris patriarqad wodebisa, maSin igive uflebebi hqonda qarTul eklesiasac. qarTuli masalebi gviCvenebs, rom Cvens eklesias sapatriarqo eklesia ewodeboda VII s-Si. VIII s-idan Secvlilma viTarebam cvlilebebi gamoiwvia eklesiis meTauris titulaturaSic, kerZod, warmoiqmna axali qarTuli saxelmwifoebi (maT Soris ~afxazTa samefo~, samefoebi tao-klarjeTisa da kaxeT-hereTisa da sxvebi). amis gamo dasavleT saqarTveloSi manamde qarTlis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqciis qveS myof teritoriaze Camoyalibda ~afxazeTis sakaTalikoso~. qarTul eklesiaSi amis Semdeg or ierarqs ewodeboda ~kaTalikosi~ (afxazeTisa da qarTlisa). am dros erTgvarad CrdilSi moeqca tituli ~patriarqi~, magram X s-is damlevsa da XI s-is damdegs saqarTvelos gaerTianebam kvlav gaaerTiana qarTuli eklesia, sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurs XI s-Si kvlav aRudga tituli ~patriarqisa~. mose kalankatuelis mier aRwerili zogierTi ambavi, dakavSirebuli qarTuli eklesiis istoriasTan mose kalankatueli gadmogvcems VII s-is zogierT ambavs, romlebidanac kargad Cans, rogor exmarebodnen somxuri eklesiis meTaurebs jer sparselebi, Semdeg ki arabebi politikuri da samxedro ZaliT albaneTis eklesiis damorCilebaSi. es dampyroblebi aseve iqceodnen qarTuli eklesiis mimarTac. naSromSi saubaria eklesiaTa ~ganyofisa~ da cxra saeklesio dasis Sesaxeb, rasac uSualo kavSiri aqvs qarTuli eklesiis istoriasTan. naCvenebia, rogor sjida somxuri eklesia albaneTSi qalkedonitur mimarTulebas arabTa SemweobiT, rogor aiZules arabebma albanelebi, TavianTi kaTalikosi somxeTSi ekurTxebinaT. yovelive es sayuradReboa im mxriv, rom amierkavkasiaSi SemoWris Semdeg arabebi Seecadnen kavkasiis eklesiebi kvlav somxuri eklesiis gavlenis sferoSi moeqciaT, ramac mravali dabrkoleba Seuqmna qarTul eklesias.

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Tavi VI. qarTuli eklesia VIII-X saukuneebSi ~qarTlis~ istoriuli geografia VIII saukunisaTvis X s-is saeklesio moRvawe giorgi merCule ~qarTlis~ cnebas ase ganmartavs ~qarTlad friadi qveyanai aRiracxebis, romelsaca Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Seiwirvis da locvai yoveli aResrulebis~. am droisaTvis qarTuli eniT ~Jami Seiwirvoda~ anu wirva-locva aResruleboda ara mxolod aRmosavleT, aramed dasavleT saqarTveloSic. amis mixedviT miCneulia, rom dasavleT-aRmosavleT saqarTvelos momcvel erTobas pirvelad X s-Si ewoda ~qarTli~. sakiTxisadmi amgvari damokidebuleba warmoaCens mraval mougvarebel problemas, romelTa axsna advilad SeiZleba sakiTxisadmi ZvelqarTuli midgomiT. magaliTad, Zvel saistorio wyaroTa mtkicebiT, ~qarTli~, jer kidev farnavazis droidan vidre VIII smde, ewodeboda ara mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, aramed aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos erTad da ~qarTlis~ saxelmwifos Crdilo-dasavleTi sazRvari gadioda ara lixis mTaze, aramed mdinare ~egriswyalze~ (V s-mde), mas Semdeg ki mdinare ~klisuraze~ (cxumTan). rac Seexeba aRmosavleT saqarTvelos ukidures provincia ~hereTs~, igi V s-is avtoris iakob xucesis mixedviT ~qarTlis~ sazRvrebis SigniT iyo moqceuli. qarTul wyaroTa (leonti mrovelis, juanSerisa da ~moqcevai qarTlisais~ avtoris) Sesabamisad ~qarTlsa~ (anu qarTlis saxelmwifosa) da saberZneTs (bizantias) Soris sazRvari V-VIII ss-Si gadioda mdinare klisuraze. sazRvari bizantiasa da qarTlis samefos Soris sayovelTaod yofila cnobili da aRiarebuli. magaliTad, vaxtang gorgaslis dros ~gamoikiTxa keisarman sazRvari saberZneTisa da qveyana zRvispirisa, romel ars afxazeTi da hrqua: egrisis wyliTgan vidre mdinaremde mcirisa xazareTisa ese sazRvari ars saberZneTisa aleqsandrobiTgan~. aqedan Cans, rom bizantielebs TavianT imperiaSi Semaval teritoriad aleqsandre makedonelis droidan V s-mde miaCndaT ~qveyana zRvispirisa~ mdinare egriswylidan vidre mdinare yubanamde (~mcirisa xazareTisa~), xolo md. egriswyals aqeT - qarTlis samefoa, V s-Si, vaxtang gorgaslis Semdeg ki sazRvari dadebula mdinare klisuraze. ase yofila VIII s-is Sua wlebamde (magaliTad, vaxuStis mixedviT mTeli dasavleTi saqarTvelo (klisuramde) Sedioda qarTlis samefoSi vaxtangis Zis, daCis dros, mefe farsmanis (daaxloebiT 528-542), Semdgomi sxva mefe farsmanis (daaloebiT 542-557), mefe bakuris, guaram kurapalatis (daaxloebiT 575-600) da sxvaTa dros. wm. mefe arCilis (VIII s-is I naxevari) epoqaSi, Zveli, TiTqmis Tanadrouli meistoriis mixedviT, arCili flobda rogorc aRmosavleT, ise dasavleT saqarTvelos. ~qarTlis cxovreba~ gadmogvcems, rom mefeebi mirisa da arCilisa samarTavi qveyana, anu ~qarTli~ VIII s-Si iyo dasavleTi saqarTvelo aRmosavleTTan erTad. ufro metic, arabebis mier Tbilisis dapyrobis gamo maT scades, qarTlis dedaqalaqi gadaetanaT quTaissa da cixe-gojSi. amisaTvis am qalaqebSi dades samefo insigniebi - samefo gvirgvinebi (mefe mirianisa da vaxtangisa). ase rom, VIII s-is 50-70-ian wlebamde sityva ~qarTlSi~ igulisxmeboda mTeli saqarTvelo (klisuramde). am cnebis aseTi saxiT gagebis Secvla daiwyo swored VIII s-Si. dasavleT saqarTvelos im teritoriaze, romelsac manamde ~qarTli~ ewodeboda, Camoyalibda axali qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi erTeuli ~afxazTa samefo~. swored VIII s-idan dasavleT saqarTvelos ukve aRar ewodeboda ~qarTli~, Tumca eklesiur-kulturul-eTnikuri TvalsazrisiT, rogorc amas giorgi merCules ganmarteba miuTiTebs, dasavleT saqarTvelo X s-Sic, iseve, rogorc adreve Zveleburadve ~qarTlad~ ganixileboda. amrigad, ara X s-Si ewoda dasavleT-aRmosavleT saqarTvelos erTobas ~pirvelad qarTli~, aramed qristeSobamde IV-III ss-Si azonisa da farnavazis dros da amas gulisxmobda giorgi merCule. saqarTvelos zogadi mdgomareoba VIII-X saukuneebSi mematiane juanSeri imeorebs Zvel qarTul wyaroTa Tvalsazriss, rom VIII s-is damdegs cneba ~qarTlSi~ moiazreboda dasavleT-aRmosavleT saqarTvelos erToba. am Tvalsazrisis gauTvaliswineblad juanSeris monaTxrobi, rom arabTa SemosevebiT dauZlurebuli qarTlis mefe stefanozi samefo ojaxiTa da saganZuriT gadavida Tavisi samefos SedarebiT dacul nawilSi - dasavleT saqarTveloSi - CvenTvis legenda iqneboda.

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qarTlis samefos politikur centri, Tbilisis dapyrobisa da mcxeTis dangrevis gamo, gaxda quTaisi (~sawameblad~ anu dasamtkiceblad imisa, rom qarTlis samefo dinastiis ~samkvidro~ qalaqad iqca quTaisi, iq dakrZales mefe stefanozi). dasavleT saqarTvelos politikuri gadanawilebis sakiTxs exeba agreTve stefanozis memkvidre miris anderZi, romlis mixedviT mTeli dasavleTi saqarTvelo, rogorc mefis sagvareulo saufliswulo miwa-wyali, mTlianad ergo mefis Zma arCils ~sauxucesod~, xolo saqarTvelos didebulebs ufleba miecaT, SeerToT mefe miris qaliSvilebi. mefes memkvidre Ze (vaJi) ar hyavda. anderZiT mefis qaliSvilebi mxolod qarTlis samefos erisTavebs unda SeerToT. arCilma Seasrula es anderZi. siZeebs ~ganuyo qveyanani qarTlisani~, mefis erTi qaliSvilis xeli ki uTxovia afxazeTis erisTavs - leons. leoni flobda qarTlis samefos sazRvris gareT mdebare da bizantiis samefoSi Semaval teritorias (bizantia-saqarTvelos sasazRvro mdinare klisuris iqiT) da, cxadia, amis gamo misi samflobelo saerisTavo ar Sedioda ~qarTlis samefos~ SemadgenlobaSi, Sesabamisad, igi ar iyo ~erisTavi qarTlisa~, maSasadame, ufleba ar hqonda SeerTo mefis qaliSvili. amis gamoo, wers mematiane, leonma gadawyvita Seeyvana Tavisi saerisTavo qarTlis samefos SemadgenlobaSi, anu SeeerTebina qarTlis samefosTan afxazeTis saerisTavo. amiT leoni gaxdeboda ~qarTlis erisTavi~ da ufleba miecemoda, SeerTo mefis qaliSvili. mas ~qarTlis mefe~ arCilisaTvis ganucxadebia: Cemi es saerisTavo Semomiyvania Sens samefoSi, ~Cemica ese klisuriTgan mdinaremde mcirisa xazareTisa Senadve iyos~, ~SemrTe meca monaTa SenTa Tana~. bizantiis dauZlurebis gamo afxazeTis saerisTavo mefe arCilma Seiyvana Tavisi samefos SemadgenlobaSi. amiT leoni gaxda ~qarTlis erisTavi~ da SerTes kidec mefis qaliSvili guranduxti. leoni wm. mefe arCilma aqcia ~Tavis Svilad da Zmad~. arCils kanonierad ekuTvnoda ~sauxucesod~ mTeli dasavleTi saqarTvelo, anu ~egrisi~. amitomac leons, afxazTa erisTavs, mieca ufleba ganego dasavleTi saqarTvelo. ase SeerTda egris-afxazeTi. ase mogviTxrobs juanSeri. ivane javaxiSvils sjeroda juanSeris gadmocema VII-VIII saukuneTa ambebis Sesaxeb da werda: juanSers ~VII-VIII saukuneTa Sesaxeb ufro sayuradRebo cnobebi moepoveba~. legendaa juanSeris monaTxrobi, Tu sinamdvile, faqtia is, rom qarTuli (saero da saeklesio) wreebi VIII s-is damdegs dasavleT saqarTvelos miiCnevda ~qarTlis~ erTerT Semadgenel nawilad. garda amisa, kargadaa axsnili, rom egris-afxazeTi gaerTianda ara afxazTa mier dasavleT saqarTvelos dapyrobiT, samxedro Zalis SemweobiT, aramed dinastiuri gziT. afxazeTis erisTavebs ~mefed~ wodebis legitimuri ufleba mieniWaT mefe miris qaliSvilis gadedoflebiT. mefes miris qaliSvilis guranduxtis meuRlis leon I-is memkvidrem leon II-m miiRo ~afxazTa mefis~ tituli (am samefos centri iyo quTaisSi). leon I da afxazTa erisTavebi eTnikuri qarTvelebi iyvnen. amaze metyvelebs ara marto is, rom maT dros Camoyalibebuli afxazTa samefos saxelmwifo da kulturis ena qarTuli iyo, aramed berZnuli da romauli wyaroebis dabejiTebuli cnobebi. magaliTad, straboni I s-Si pirdapir werda, teritoria sebastopolisidan (cxumidan) pitiuntamde (biWvinTamde) dasaxlebuli iyo mosxebiT (mesxebiT) da sxva qarTveli tomebiT, xolo am zRvispira nawilis ukan mTebSi cxovrobdnen svanebi, romlebic imJamad batonobdnen yvela sxva tomze, SeeZloT 200 000 meomari gamoeyvanaT da hyavdaT 300 kaciani mmarTveli sabWo. strabonis dros, misive cnobiT, mkvlevarebis erTi nawili svanebs pirdapir uwodebda iberebs, xolo mTel am uvrceles teritorias (igulisxmeba teritoria Savi zRvidan kaspiis zRvamde) ~ewoda iberia, radganac aqac dasavleTis iberiis msgavsad~, oqros moipovebdnen mdinareSi Cagdebuli matyldafarebuli faceriT. strabons iberebi da iberia agondeba svaneTisa da pitiuntis, e.i. Semdegdroindeli afxazeTis aRweris dros. VIII s-is bolosve Camoyalibda kaxeTis samTavro da hereTis samefo. aRmosavleT saqarTveloSic gamouCnda memkvidre Zvel qarTul samefo dinastias. es ukanaskneli Secvala bagrationTa dinastiam. artanujidan aSot kurapalatma gaaerTiana samxreT saqarTvelos miwebi. misma STamomavalma adarnase bagrationma miiRo ~qarTvelTa mefis~ tituli. qarTuli xelisuflebis gaZliereba tao-klarjeTSi bizantielTa mxardaWeriT moxda. amis Sedegad tao-klarjeTSi mcxovrebi eTnikuri warmoSobiT qarTuli mosaxleoba, romelic manamde somxuri eklesiis gavlenis sferoSi imyofeboda, nel-nela daubrunda deda qarTul eklesias. saukuneTa manZilze politikur viTarebaTa gamo somxur saeklesio iurisdiqciaSi moqcevis gamo am erT nawils eTnikurad qarTul mosaxleobisas ewoda ~sarwmunoebiT somexni~. swored isini da ara eTnikuri somxebi ubrundebodnen mSobliur saeklesio wiaRs. tao-klarjeTi daubrunda mcxeTis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqcias. mcxeTis sakaTalikosos meTaurs am dros kvlavindeburad hqonda

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wodeba ~qarTlis kaTalikosisa~. igi Zveleburadve mTeli qarTveli xalxisa da erTiani qarTuli eklesiis sasuliero meTaurad miiCneoda, amitomac afxazTa samefoSi afxazeTis sakaTalikosos daarsebis Semdegac mcxeTeli mamamTavari ~uxucesad~, xolo biWvinTeli ~umrwemesad~ iwodeboda, rameTu dasavleT-aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleoba ~qarTveloba~ iyo. marTalia, dasavleT saqarTvelos ~afxazTa samefo~ ewoda, magram misi mosaxleni eTnikuri qarTvelni iyvnen, qarTuli eniTa da eklesiiT. afxazeTis sakaTalikosos daarseba qalkedonis IV msoflio krebis me-17 kanonis Sesabamisad saxelmwifos SigniT SeiZleba arsebobdes Tavisufali eklesia. VIII s-Si damoukidebeli qarTuli saxelmwifos ~afxazTa samefos~ daarsebam safuZveli daudo am saxelmwifos SigniT saeklesio administraciuli erTeulis - afxazeTis sakaTalikosos daarsebas. XVII s-is ierusalimeli da antioqieli istorikosebi da patriarqebi (dosiTeosi, xrisanfi da makariosi) weren afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Sesaxeb. mas pirveli ori istorikosi (dosiTeosi da xrisanfi) uwodebda ~qvemo iberiis~ eklesias. ~qvemo iberiis~ eklesia (anu afxazeTis sakaTalikoso), maTi azriT, warmoqmnila VIII s-is 20-ian wlebSi bizantiis imperator lev isavrosis dros. aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTuli wyaroebic (~qarTlis cxovreba~, gansakuTrebiT ki vaxuSti) afxazeTis sakaTalikosos warmoqmnis TariRad 720 wels asaxeleben. ucxoeli avtorebi afxazeTis sakaTalikosos ~qvemo iberiis~ eklesias uwodebdnen Cven mier ganxiluli ZvelqarTuli Tvalsazrisis Sesabamisad, romlis mixedviTac qarTli VIII s-is damdegs ewodeboda ara mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelosac mdinare klisuramde da Sav zRvamde. ~qarTli~ igive iberiaa, amitom, roca mis erT nawilSi Seiqmna axali eklesia, mas uwodes eklesia ~qvemo iberiisa~, raTa ganesxvavebinaT igi meore (aRmosavleT) nawilSi myofi ~zemo iberiis~ sakaTalikososagan. patriarqi makariosi wers, rogor mianiWa axlad Seqmnil afxazeTis sakaTalikosos antioqiis sapatriarqom avtokefalia VIII s-is Sua wlebSi. igive cnoba daculi aqvs efrem mcires, magram igi ar axsenebs sityva ~afxazeTs~, mis magier wers ~qarTls~ da ~qarTvelebs~. Cans, efremis wyaroSi ~antioqiur qronografSi~ afxazeTis magier ewera misi sinonimi ~iberia~ an ~qvemo iberia~. efremma ki iberiis nacvlad dawera ~qarTli~. v. goilaZes miaCnia, rom efrem mcires Txroba qarTuli eklesiis mier avtokefaliis miRebis Sesaxeb (VIII s-is 50-ian wlebSi) Seexeba ara mcxeTis sakaTalikosos, aramed afxazeTis sakaTalikosos. maSasadame, afxazeTis sakaTalikoso, viTarca ~qvemo iberiis~ administraciulad damoukidebeli saeklesio erTeuli ucvnia antioqiis eklesias VIII s-is 50-ian wlebSi, xolo 830 wels mis meTaurs qarTvelma mefeebma mianiWes ~kaTalikosis~ wodeba. mironis kurTxevis Sesaxeb mironis kurTxevis ufleba aqvs mxolod da mxolod avtokefalur eklesiebs. qarTul eklesias romeli saukunidan mieniWa es ufleba, kvleva-Ziebis sagania, radgan sabWoTa periodis qarTvel mkvlevarTa TvalsazrisiT Cvenma eklesiam mironis kurTxevis ufleba miiRo IX s-dan. ZvelqarTuli TvalsazrisiT ki mas es ufleba ukve V s-idan hqonia miniWebuli. am bolo Tvalsazriss ganamtkicebs Cvens mezobel somxur da albanur eklesiebSi VI-VII ss-Si arsebuli mdgomareoba. somxur da albanur wyaroebze dayrdnobiT gamokvleulia, rom somxuri da albanuri eklesiebi VI-VII s-Si mirons akurTxebdnen TavianT eklesiebSi (kalankatueli, uxtanesi, ~epistoleTa wigni~ da sxva). maSasadame, Tu VI-VII ss-Si somxeTsa da albaneTSi mirons akurTxebdnen, maSin maTi Tanafardi, maTTan saeklesio urTierTkavSirSi myofi qarTuli eklesiac akurTxebda mirons, Torem Tu Tanabari Rirsebis sami avtokefaluri eklesiidan ori mirons akurTxebda da mesame ara, es mesame eklesia naklebi Rirsebisa da pativisa iqneboda da arc araviTari pativ-Rirseba eqneboda albanur eklesiasTan SedarebiT. uxtanesisa da sxva wyaroTa cnobiT, aRniSnul saukuneebSi qarTuli mxare Tavisi eklesiis pativsa da Rirsebas utolebda somxuri eklesiisas da upiratesobis mopovebas cdilobda albanurTan SedarebiT. cxadia, Tu qarTul eklesias am dros mironis kurTxevis nebac ki ar hqonda, igi Tavis Rirsebas ver gautolebda albanuri eklesiisas, sadac sxvadasxva wyaros mixedviT mirons VI s-Si ukve akurTxebdnen. am Tvalsazriss amtkicebs efrem mcires cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom qalkedonis krebis Semdeg (V s.) sxvadasxva eklesias mieca adgilze mironis kurTxevis ufleba. efremis

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cnobiT, es ufleba mironis adgilze kurTxevisa gamouyenebia qarTul eklesias V s-danve. saqarTveloSi Zveli droidanve mironis adgilobriv kurTxevaze unda migviTiTebdes wyaroebSi daculi cnoba, rom sveticxovlis xis gadanaWridan (IV s.) gadmoedineboda mironi, romelsac iyenebdnen daniSnulebisamebr. ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ cnobiT, VII s-Si mowveul VI msoflio krebas daudasturebia, rom qarTul eklesias ufleba aqvs, ~odesca enebos Semzadeba da kurTxeva mironisa, akurTxos Tvissa eklesiasa~. maSasadame, ZvelqarTuli TvalsazrisiT, qarTul eklesiaSi ukve V-VI s-Si akurTxebdnen mirons. am mosazrebas TiTqosda ewinaaRmdegeba ~grigol xanZTelis cxovrebaSi~ arsebuli erTi cnoba, romlis analizis Sedegad askvnian, rom qarTulma eklesiam mxolod IX s-is 40-iani wlebidan miiRo mironis damzadebis ufleba ierusalimis patriarqisagan mawyverel episkopos efremis mecadineobiT. ~rameTu pirvelad aRmosavalisa kaTalikosTa mihroni ierusalimiT mihyvanda, xolo efrem qristesmierisa brZanebiTa mihronis kurTxeva qarTls ganewesa, ierusalimis patriarqisa ganwesebiTa da wamebiTa sixaruliTa, aramed qarTlad friadi qveyana aRiracxebis, romelsaca Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Seiwirvis da locvai yoveli aResrulebis~. giorgi merCules am SemTxvevaSi mxedvelobaSi aqvs dasavleTi saqarTvelo, anu afxazeTi, romlis eklesiamonastrebSi im droisaTvis marTlac ukve qarTul enaze iyo gaCaRebuli wirva-locva. amitomac merCule dasavleT saqarTvelosac qarTlis qveyanaTa wiaRSi myofad gvisaxavs, magram dasavleT saqarTvelos im droisaTvis ukve ~afxazeTi~ ewodeboda, rameTu iq arsebobda ~afxazTa samefo~ da afxazeTis sakaTalikoso. radganac giorgi merCule ~qarTlis~ qveyanaTa wiaRSi arsebulad gvixatavs dasavleT saqarTvelos da igi am SemTxvevaSi saubrobs konkretulad afxazeTis sakaTalikososa da mis kaTalikosze da ara zogadad ~aRmosavleTis~ qveynebis kaTalikosebze, amitom savaraudoa, rom Tavdapirvel xelnawerSi ewera ara sityva ~aRmosavalisa~, aramed ~afxazeTisa~ - Sesabamisi qaragmiT ~a-sa~. am SemTxvevaSi azri naTeli, konkretuli iqneba. aseTi varaudis uflebas iZleva ara mxolod konteqsti, aramed is garemoebac, rom Cvenamde moRweulia ara giorgi merCulis xelidan gamosuli xelnaweri, aramed Semdeg saukuneSi gadanaweri erTaderTi egzemplari. SesaZloa, Semdegi drois gadamwerma daqaragmebuli savaraudo sityva ~afxazeTisa~ gaigo rogorc ~aRmosavalisa~ (imave qaragmiT ~a-sa~). geografiul saxelebs rom Zvel dros aqaragmebdnen, miuTiTebs ~moqcevai qarTlisais~ xelnawerebi, sadac TiTqmis yvelgan sityva ~ierusalimi~ daqaragmebulia (~i-eli~). meore mxriv, Tu winadadebaSi Tavis adgilze davtovebT sityvas - ~aRmosavalisa~, azri araswori da bundovani rCeba. ~rameTu pirvelad aRmosavalisa kaTalikosTa mihroni ierusalimiT mihyvanda, xolo efrem qristesmieriTa...~ ise Cans, TiTqos IX s-mde (efremamde) aRmosavleTis qveynebis eklesiebs (~kaTalikosebs~) mironi mihqondaT ierusalimidan. es azri, cxadia, arasworia. rogorc zemoT vTqviT, TviTon kavkasiis qveynebSic ki albaneTsa da somxeTSi mirons adgilze akurTxebdnen VI-VII s-Si. miT umetes, aRmosavleTis iseT eklesiebSi, rogoric iyo antioqia, siria da sxvebi, mirons adgilze akurTxebdnen da, cxadia, ar mihqondaT ierusalimidan. saqme is iyo, rom ierusalimi, romelic I s-Si daangries romaelebma, TiTqmis IV smde aRar asrulebda saqristiano centris movaleobas (aseTi centri aRmosavleTSi antioqia iyo). Tavisi damcrobili mniSvnelobis gamo V s-mde (qalkedonis krebamde) ierusalimis eklesia eqvemdebareboda xan antioqiis episokposs, xan kidev kesaria-palestinis episkoposs. ase rom, aRmosavleTis eklesiebis kaTalikosebs mironi ierusalimidan ar ~mihyvandaT~. VIII s-dan ki Seqmnili viTarebis (konstantinopolSi xatmebrZoluri eresis) gamo ierusalimi marTlac SeiZleboda gadaqceuliyo e.w. ~dedaeklesiad~ axlad daarsebuli afxazeTis sakaTalikososaTvis da Tavisi daarsebis Semdeg (VIII s.) mironi efrem mawyverelamde (IX s.) marTlac mieRo ierusalimis sapatriarqodan. Tu ase vivaraudebT da sityva ~aRmosavalisas~ nacvlad vigulisxmebT sityva ~afxazeTs~, teqsti aseTi saxiT warmogvidgeba: - ~rameTu pirvelad afxazeTisa kaTalikosTa mihroni ierusalimiT mihyvanda, xolo efrem qristesmieriTa brZanebiTa mihronis kurTxeva qarTls ganawesa ierusalimis patriarqis ganwesebiTa da wamebiTa sixaruliTa, aramed qarTlad friadi qveyana aRiracxebis, romelsaca Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Seiwirvis da locvai yoveli aResrulebis~. am SemTxvevaSi winadadebis azri aseTi iqneba: Tavdapirvelad afxazeTis sakaTalikosos mironi eZleoda ierusalimis sapatriarqodan, magram efremis iniciativiTa da saqmis mogvarebiT dawesda, rom afxazeTis sakaTalikosom mironi unda miiRos qarTlidan (e.i. mcxeTidan); mizezi amisa isaa, rom afxazeTic qarTlia, rameTu qarTli is qveyanaa, romelSic wirva da locva qarTul enaze sruldeba. afxazeTSi (e.i. dasavleT saqarTveloSi) wirva-locvis ena qarTulia, e.i. Tu manamde (VIII-IX ss.) dasavleT

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saqarTvelos md. klisuras iqiT istoriuli ~abazgiis~ eklesia ierarqiulad da eklesiurad eqvemdebareboda berZnul sapatriarqos, amis Semdgom igi daeqvemdebara qarTul sakaTalikosos. dadginda, rom afxazeTis sakaTalikosoSi, romelSic Sevida teritoria lixis mTidan klisuramde, da aseve klisuris iqiT istoriul abazgiis teritoria, mironi adgilzeve ekurTxebinaT. aseTi msjelobis Semdeg SeiZleba daisvas kiTxva: eqvemdebareboda ki afxazeTis axlad Seqmnili sakaTalikoso ierusalims da Tu eqvemdebareboda, ratom daTmo es daqvemdebareba ierusalimma mcxeTis sasargeblod? cnobilia, rom afxazeTis sakaTalikosos samwysos Seadgenda lixis mTidan md. klisuramde mdebare teritoria da abazgiis eklesia, es pirveli saeklesio erTeuli afxazeTis sakaTalikosos daarsebamde eqvemdebareboda mcxeTas, meore ki ~abazgia~ konstantinopolis sapatriarqos. abazgiis eklesia eklesiuri TvalsazrisiT konstantinopolis sapatriarqos CamoSorda bizantiaSi gaCenili xatmebrZoluri eresis gamo, romelmac dedaqalaqSi gaimarjva. am dros, SesaZloa, konstantinopolisagan CamoSorebuli abazgiis eklesia eklesiuri TvalsazrisiT daeqvemdebara ierusalimis sapatriarqos im mxriv, rom misgan iRebda mirons da ara konstantinopolisagan. cnobilia, rom qarTuli eklesia xatebis winaaRmdeg gaCaRebul mwvaleblobas ierusalimis sapatriarqosTan erTad ebrZoda (antioqia am dros mxars uWerda konstantinopols). amiT unda yofiliyo gamowveuli ierusalimisa da mcxeTis eklesiaTa Soris mWidro kavSiri. msgavsadve VIII s-Si xatmebrZoluri eresis gamo guTeTis eklesia CamoSorda konstantinopols. guTeli episkoposic ierusalimSi Cavida kurTxevis misaRebad, magram igi aq sami weli ar akurTxes, Semdeg ki iberiis eklesiaSi gamogzavnes, sadac miiRo kurTxeva. e.i. konstantinopolisgan CamoSorebuli guTeTis eklesia raRac xarisxiT ierusalimma dauqvemdebara im droisaTvis marTlmadideblobis aRiarebul burjs iberiis, anu qarTlis eklesias. maSasadame, unda vifiqroT, rom swored amave epoqaSi konstantinopolisagan CamoSorebuli abazgiis eklesia ierusalimma dauqvemdebara iberiis, anu qarTlis eklesias, miT umetes, rom politikuri afxazeTis umTavresi nawili (lixis mTidan md. klisuramde) istoriuli qarTli (qvemo qarTli) gaxldaT, xolo abazgia eTnikuri qarTvelebis, qarTulenovani xalxis qveyana iyo amrigad, ~grigol xanZTelis cxovrebis~ cnoba efremis mier mironis kurTxevis Sesaxeb unda gulisxmobdes ara mcxeTis mier mironis IX s-Si kurTxevis nebarTvas, aramed IX s-Si afxazeTis sakaTalikosos mier mironis adgilzeve, anu qarTlSi (qvemo iberiaSi) kurTxevis uflebas. qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia IX saukunis javaxeTSi Semdgari krebis mixedviT saeklesio kanonebis cnobili mcodne prof. troicki avtokefaliis sakiTxebze msjelobisas ganmartavda, rom eklesia avtokefaluria, Tu am eklesiis episkoposebs akurTxeben ara ucxo eklesiis ierarqebi, aramed Tavisive eklesiis episkoposebi. es gulisxmobs imas, rom eklesiis meTaursac (romelic agreTve episkoposia) irCevs ama Tu im eklesiis episkoposTa erToba (anu kreba). am ganmartebis dasadastureblad prof. troickis mohyavs V s-is damdegs gamarTuli III msoflios saeklesio krebis me-8 kanoni, romelic kviprosis eklesiis avtokefalias exeba. saqme isaa, rom IV s-is bolodan gaZlierebulma antioqiis eklesiam isurva, Tavisi Zalaufleba gaevrcelebina kviprosis avtokefalur eklesiaze. kviprosma saCivari Seitana III msoflio saeklesio krebaze. krebam daadastura am eklesiis avtokefalia, rac Tavisive episkoposebis mier axali episkoposis xeldasxmas gulisxmobs. garda amisa, prof. troickis ganmartebiT, eklesiaTa avtokefalias exeba II msoflio krebis II kanonic, romliTac avtokefaluri eklesiis meTaurs TviTonve adgens ama Tu im eklesiis episkoposTa kreba. CvenSi davobdnen, romeli saukunidan mieCniaT qarTuli eklesia avtokefalurad. sxvadasxva wyaroze dayrdnobiT asaxelebldnen V, VIII, XI saukuneebs. sabednierod, Cvenamde moaRwia werilobiTma cnobam, rom IX s-Si Catarebul saeklesio krebaze arCeul iqna qarTlis kaTalikosi (giorgi merCule, ~Sroma da moRvaweoba grigol arqimandritisa xanZTelisa~). IX s-is damdegs aSot kurapalatis Zis guaram mamfalis iniciativiT javaxeTSi mowveul iqna saeklesio kreba, romelsac unda gamoerCia meTauri qarTuli eklesiisa. krebam kaTalikosad daadgina piri, vinc episkoposTa umravlesobis xma miiRo. qarTuli eklesiis meTauris gamorCevasa da kurTxevaSi ar monawileobda arc erTi ucxouri eklesia da maTi warmomadgeneli. aqedan Cans, rom IX s-Si qarTuli eklesia avtokefaluri iyo II msoflio krebis II kanonis Sesabamisad.

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aseTive mdgomareoba iyo VIII s-Sic, roca qarTvelma kaTalikosma xeli daasxa ucxo qveynis (guTeTis) eklesiis meTaurs (VIII s-is 50-ian wlebSi). qarTuli eklesia VIII-IX s-Si (aseve wina saukuneebSic) avtokefaluri eklesia iyo da Sedgeboda ori - qarTlisa da afxazeTis sakaTalikosoebisagan (msgavsadvea mowyobili zogierTi sxva eklesiac. magaliTad, berZnul eklesias dResdReobiT aqvs ramdenime sapatriarqo da avtokefaluri saarqiepiskoposo, somxur eklesias - ki ori sapatriarqo da ori sakaTalikoso). qarTlisa da afxazeTis sakaTalikosoebi erTi eklesia iyo da hqonda erTi ~sjuliskanoni~, anu saeklesio samarTali, sadac erT - qarTul enaze mimdinareobda RvTismsaxureba da saerTo mironi ikurTxeboda. abo Tbilelis ~qarTvelobis~ Sesaxeb Sesabamis saeklesio sagaloblebSi miqael modrekili da stefane Wyondideli abo Tbilels ~qarTvels~ uwodeben Tumca ician misi eTnikuri warmomavloba. amasTan dakavSirebiT, sabWoTa istorikosebma danerges Tvalsazrisi, rom abo Tbileli qarTuli qalkedonuri qristianobis miRebis Semdeg ~gaqarTvelda~, arabi qarTveli gaxda. arsebobs mosazrebani, TiTqos aRniSnul xanaSi ~qarTveli~ niSnavda ara eTnikurad qarTvels, aramed nebismieri eTnikuri warmomavlobis adamians, oRond Tanaziars ~qarTuli feodaluri kulturisas~. abo TbilelisaTvis ~qarTvelis~ wodeba unda ukavSirdebodes ara mis TiTqosda ~gaqarTvelebas~, aramed dakavSirebuli unda iyos im sarwmunoebriv omTan, romelic VIII-IX saukuneebSi mimdinareobda TbilisSi. somxurma eklesiam 726 wlis manaskertis krebis Semdeg mtkiced miiRo monofizituri sarwmunoeba. amitom qarTulma eklesiam sabolood gawyvita masTan urTierToba, viTarca marTlmadideblobis erTgulma damcvelma. meore mxriv, arabebi aZlierebdnen aRmosavleT amierkavkasiaSi (maT Soris qarTlSic) monofizitobas. amis Sedegad aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, Tbilisis saamirosa da taSiris samefoSi gaZlierda somxuri eklesia, gaCndnen qarTveli monofizitebi da sakmaod mtkice poziciebic daiWires arabTa wyalobiT. qarTuli eklesia iZulebuli gaxda, moespo monofizituri qarTulenovani literatura. am dros, Cans, urTierTgarCevis mizniT ukve erovnulad qceul qarTul qalkedonur literaturas ~qarTuls~ awerdnen da aseve am eklesiis wmidans ~qarTvels~ uwodebdnen, xolo qarTulenovan monofizitur literaturas ~somxurs~ uwodebdnen da spobdnen maT. aseTi viTarebis gamo, SesaZloa, abo Tbilelis sagalobelze warwerili sityva ~qarTveli~ aRniSnavs am wmidanis qarTuli eklesiisadmi kuTvnilebas, anu aRniSnavs imas, rom abo Tbileli iyo wmidani qarTuli (qalkedonuri) eklesiisa da ara somxuri (monofizituri) eklesiisa. maSasadame, aq ~qarTveli~ aRniSnavs eklesiisadmi kuTvnilebas da ara mis eTnikur metamorfozas. somxuri eklesiis zegavlenis daZlevis mniSvneloba qarTveli erisaTvis 726 wlis manaskertis saeklesio krebaze somxurma eklesiam gadaWriT miiRo monofizituri sarwmunoeba da dagmo qalkedonitoba. amis gamo qarTulma eklesiam sabolood gawyvita urTierTkavSiri masTan. taos, klarjeTisa da hereTis did nawilSi qarTulma mosaxleobam gadaigdo somxuri saeklesio iurisdiqciis uReli. dadebiTma Sedegebmac ar daayovna. ukve VIII s-is bolodanve gamoiRviZa da IX-X saukuneebSi arnaxulad gaifurCqna qarTuli saeklesio mwerloba. im drois ninos erT-erTi himnografi werda: ~dRes didebismetyvelebs ena qarTvelTa~ (e.i. qarTuli ena aRar iyo ~damarxuli, mZinare, mdabali da dawunebuli~ saqarTvelos am nawilebSi, rogorc amis Sesaxeb adre werda ioane zosime, avtori locvisa ~qebai da didebai qarTulisa enisai~). wmida ninosadmi siyvarulma ufro da ufro imata, ukve VIII s-is bolodanve iwereba misdami miZRvnili himnebi da sagaloblebi da amis Semdeg wmida ninom Tavisi Rirseuli adgili daiWira. igive SeiZleba iTqvas asureli mamebis mimarTac. isini, qalkedoniti moRvaweebi iyvnen da xeli Seuwyves qarTveli xalxisa da eklesiis mobrunebas marTlmadideblobisaken. amis gamo spars-arabTa SewevniT amierkavkasiis eklesiebze somxuri eklesiis gabatonebis dros (VI-VIII ss.) asureli mamebis Rvawli, iseve rogorc wm. ninosi, miCqmales. amitomac am saukuneebSi wyaroebi asurel mamebs naklebad axseneben, magram IX-X ss-Si maTac ukve eZRvneba himnebi, maTac daiWires TavianTi kuTvnili adgili eklesiis wmidaTa Soris. monofizitoba, rogorc erT-erTi uZvelesi frTa qristianobisa, saukuneTa manZilze ganmtkicda msoflio qristianuli eklesiis aRmosavlur-bizantiur nawilSi. V, VI da

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VII s-Si monofizitobas Zlieri poziciebi hqonda. monofizitebi saeklesio xelisuflebasac ki igdebdnen xelT da maT adre imperatorebic uWerdnen mxars. zogjer imperiaSi monofizitTa simravlisa da Zlierebis gamo imperatorebi iZulebuli iyvnen, yoveli RonisZieba exmaraT qalkedonitTa da monofizitTa Sesarigeblad (zenonis ~henotikoni~, herakle keisris ~monoTelitoba~). V-VII ss-Si kavkasiaSic igive procesi mimdinareobda, rogorc, saerTod, msoflio eklesiaSi. monofizitobis mTavari sayrdeni amierkavkasiaSi iyo somxuri eklesia. maSasadame, saqarTvelos monofizitebs somxuri eklesia uWerda mxars da aZlierebda. saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi monofizitebi erovnebiT qarTvelebi iyvnen. somxuri eklesiis siaxlovem isini somxuri eklesiis samwysod aqcia. 726 wels manaskertis krebis Semdeg saqarTveloSi ukve mkveTrad gaimijna erTmaneTisagan es ori aRmsarebloba. somxeTSi sabolood uaryves qalkedonitoba - marTlmadidebloba. amis gamo bizantiis sazRvris axlos myofi aTeulobiT somxur-qalkedonuri saepiskoposo SeuerTda somxurmonofiziturs da tao-klarjeTis qarTveloba mixvda, rom somxuri eklesiis wiaRSi maTi yofna ukve qalkedonitobis uaryofas niSnavda, rac maTTvis miuRebeli iyo. saqarTveloSi kidev ufro ganmtkicda ukve erovnuli sarwmunoeba - qalkedonitoba. qveyana gaiwminda ukve eresad miCneul somxuri aRmsareblobisagan. somxuri eklesiis wevri qarTvelebi daubrundnen qarTul eklesias. amas tao-klarjeTSi gansakuTrebulad Seuwyo xeli qarTvel mefeTa samefo saxlis gadasvlam mcxeTidan artanujSi da iq qarTuli saxelmwifos gaZlierebam. arabTa mier dapyrobil saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSi ki qalkedonitebs kvlav uWirdaT, gansakuTrebiT hereTSi (XI s-mde). Tavi VII. qarTuli eklesia XI s-Si saqarTvelos sapatriarqos daarsebis politikuri safuZveli XI saukuneSi XI s-is damdegs bagrat III-is mier gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos saxelmwifom, sumbat daviTis Zis cnobiT, moicva ~yoveli kavkasia TviTmpyrobelobiT jiqeTidan vidre gurganamde~. gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos mefe Tavisi siZlieris gamo bizantiis imperatorebisaTvis saSiSi gamxdara: ~berZenTa mefeTa SiSi aqvnda amisi yovladve~. gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos saxelmwifos SigniT aRniSnuli droisaTvis arsebobda ori xsenebuli sakaTalikoso (qarTlisa da afxazeTisa), saxelmwifos gaerTianebam safuZveli daudo saqarTvelos sapatriarqos warmoCenasa da gaZlierebas (misi umTavresi saeklesio erTeulebi xsenebuli sakaTalikosoebi iyvnen). sapatriarqo eklesiad romelime adgilobrivi eklesiis gamocxadeba moiTxovs saerTaSoriso aRiarebas msoflios saeklesio da saero xelisufalTa mier. eklesiis istoriis mkvlevaris b. lominaZis azriT, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Seqmna ~ar iyo ucxo da sapretenzio bizantiis imperatorebisa da patriarqebisaTvis~. igulisxmeba gaerTianebuli qveynis pirveli patriarqi melqisedek I da mis dros saqarTvelos eklesiisadmi bizantieli imperatorebis kargi damokidebuleba. mematianes cnobiT, konstantinopolSi qarTveli mefe Cavida sveticxovlis samociqulo eklesiis sakiTxTa mosagvareblad (saqarTvelos eklesias aseve ewodeboda: ~wmida mcxeTa~ da ~kaTolike samociqulo eklesia sveticxoveli~). etyoba, saqme exeboda ara mxolod saeklesio Senobis sakiTxs, aramed mTlianad qarTul eklesias. XI s-is damdegs bagrat III-isa da melqisedek I-is meoxebiT bizantiis imperiaSi dadebiTad gadaiWra saqarTvelos sapatriarqo eklesiis sakiTxebi (igulisxmeba dro giorgi I-is gamefebamde). qarTuli eklesiis devna 1021-1054 wlebSi bizantia-saqarTvelos omis dros bagrat III-is gardacvalebis Semdeg bizantielma mefeebma omi wamoiwyes saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg. omi daiwyo 1021 wels da garkveuli wyvetilebiT gagrZelda 1054 wlamde. mematianes azriT, bizantiis imperia SeaSfoTa iman, rom mis mezoblad warmoiqmna saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifo, romelic TiTqmis mTel kavkasiaze axdenda zegavlenas. omis ZiriTadi mizezic es iyo. TviTon imperatori basili II bulgarTmmusvreli da Semdeg konstantine VII uSualod mxedarTmTavrobdnen saqarTveloSi SemoWril bizantielTa laSqars. imdroindeli qarTuli mosaxleobis erTi nawilis azriT, basili II-is gamarjveba da qarTvelTa jaris damarcxeba RvTis neba iyo, rameTu imdroindeli SexedulebiT, bizantieli imperatorebi TiTqosda dedamiwaze RvTis nebis aRmasrulebelni iyvnen. albaT, amis gamo bizantielTa mier (am omis dros) dapyrobil samxreT saqarTveloSi mtris mxares gadasula qarTuli mosaxleobis erTi nawili, magram es procesi ar gaRr-

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mavebula da qarTveloba male gamofxizlebula qarTuli eklesiisa da qarTveli saeklesio moRvaweebis ZalisxmeviT. qarTveli episkoposebi xalxs uxsnidnen, rom bizantielebi dampyroblebi iyvnen. ufro metic, qarTuli laSqris damarcxebis Semdeg bizantielebis winaaRmdeg oms samxreT saqarTveloSi saTaveSi Caudgnen qarTveli episkoposebi, magaliTad, saba mtbevari da ezra anCeli. tbeTis episkoposma aago cixesimagre, sadac gamagrdnen bizantielebTan mebrZoli episkoposebi. maT gverdSi amoudgnen ~SavSeTisa aznaurni~ da mosaxleoba. mtris uricxvi laSqari Semoadga cixesimagres, magram episkoposebi ~TavTa TvisTa sikvdilad ganswirvides da sisxlTa dasTxevdes sityvisebr mociqulTasa~. eklesiis meTaurTa Tavdadebam da magaliTma gamoafxizla qarTveli eri. amis gamo mterma ver SeZlo qarTvelTa mefis damarcxeba. saqarTvelo ar daiSala, piriqiT, gaZlierda. bizantias axla gamarjveba mxolod qarTuli eklesiis gadabirebiT an mosaxleobis TvalSi qarTuli eklesiis avtoritetis SebRalviT SeeZlo. bizantielebma ver SeZles qarTuli eklesiis gadabireba, ris Semdeg scades saxeli gaetexaT misTvis da igi mwvaleblur eklesiad gamoacxades, eWvi Seitanes qarTvelTa marTlmadideblobaSi, daiwyes qarTuli sasuliero centrebisa da moqalaqeebis devna mTel bizantiaSi. qarTvel berebs umowyalod devnidnen ara marto iveronis monasterSi, aramed antioqiasa da sxvaganac, saerTod imperiaSi. qarTveli berebisa da monastrebis mdgomareoba damokidebuli iyo bizantiisa da saqarTvelos urTierTobaze. magaliTad, maT Soris dadebuli droebiTi zavis dros, 1028-1032 wlebSi, iveronis monastris devna Sewyda, magram omis ganaxlebis Semdeg qarTvelebs bizantielebma ukve mwvalebloba - eretikosoba, anu aramarTlmadidebloba daswames da uwyalod aviwroebdnen, ris Sesaxebac 1041-1042 wlebSi iverTa da aTonis wmida mTis qarTvel mamebs TviTonve dauweriaT TavianT TxzulebaSi - ~mosaxsenebeli Jamsa svimeon mamisaTa~. masSi aRniSnulia, rom bizantielebi qarTvel berebs devnidnen ara mxolod mTawmindasa da iveronis monasterSi, aramed mTels bizantiis imperiaSi. qarTuli eklesia uZvelesi droidanve marTlmadidebluria, qarTvelTa marTlmadideblobaze werdnen prokofi kesarieli VI s-Si da sxvebi. amitomac aramarTlmadideblebad qarTvelTa gamocxadeba arc Tu advili iyo, magram bizantielebma sababad gamoiyenes zemoT aRniSnuli urTierToba, romelic Tavis droze arsebobda samxreT saqarTveloSi qarTvel mrevlze somxuri eklesiis batonobis dros. qarTvelebs mwvalebloba daswames. aRsaniSnavia, rom TviT imdroindel qarTvel mamaTa azriT, am urTierTobis Semdeg daTesila CvenSi somxuri, anu mwvalebluri ~RvarZli~: ~daRica Tu pirvelTaganve gvqondes werilnica da sarwmunoeba WeSmariti da marTali, garna qveyana Cveni Sors iyo qveynisagan saberZneTisa da viTarca Teslni ara wmindani Soris Cvenisa daTesul iyvnes borotnis - igi Teslni somexTani, gularZnilni da manqanani da amis mier friad gvevneboda, rameTu naTesavi Cveni wrfeli iyo da umanko, xolo igini reca mizeziTa wesierebisaTa, reca cTunebad gvazmnobdes da romelnime wignica gvaqvndis maTgan Targmnilni~, - wers giorgi mcire. misi azriT, romelic uTuod imdroindel saeklesio Tvalsazriss gamoxatavs, qarTul eklesias saWirod miuCnevia somxur eklesiasTan urTierTobis Sedegad Seryvnili sasuliero wignebis xelaxla Targmna-redaqtireba da daaxloeba berZnul dednebTan. es imxrivac iyo saWiro, rom bizantiur mxares aRar miscemoda sababi qarTvelTa sarwmnuoebaSi eWvis Setanisa da maTi aramarTlmadideblebad gamocxadebisa. bizantielTa daeWvebas iwvevda agreTve qarTuli eklesiis erovnuli qristianuli kultura. ver eguebodnen, rom gvqonda bizantiuri eklesiisaTvis im droisaTvis ucnobi, wminda qarTuli dResaswaulebi ara mxolod erovnuli wmidanebisa, aramed msoflio eklesiis wmidanebisa (mag., wmida giorgisa, wminda jvrisa, satfureba ierusalimis taZrisa da sxva), sakuTari qarTuli wesi da gangeba saxarebis sakiTxavebisa - berZnulisagan gansxvavebuli, qarTuli saeklesio welTaRricxva, qarTuli liturgikuli wesebi (sakuTriv qarTuli oqtioxosi, iadgari, marxvani da zadiki). yovelive zemoTqmuli bizantielebma sababad gamoiyenes, rom qarTuli eklesiis devna gaemZafrebinaT. es devna zavis dadebamde gagrZelda. qarTuli eklesiis uflebaTa (sapatriarqo Rirsebisa da sxv.) aRiareba 1054-1057 wlebSi XI s-is 50-ian wlebSi bizantiis imperiam mkveTrad Secvala Tavisi damokidebuleba saqarTvelos saxelmwifosadmi, rac gamoiwvia Turquli tomebis gamoCenis Sedegad saerTaSoriso viTarebis Secvlam. Turqulma tomebma am droisaTvis daipyres irani, somxeTis didi nawili. 1074 wlis xelSekrulebiT bizantielebma Turq-seljukebs dauTmes

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aRmosavleTis qveynebis udidesi nawili. amitomac ukve XI s-is Sua wlebSi bizantiisaTvis ukve sasurveli iyo ara saqarTvelos danawevreba, aramed gaZliereba da ganmtkiceba, raTa Cvens qveyanas CrdiloeTidan da Crdilo-aRmosavleTidan misTvis mteri moegeriebina. amis gamo daxmareba Seuwyvites erisTav liparits (romelic 10 welze metxans ebrZoda saqarTvelos mefes), ramac misi bedi gadawyvita. 1045 wels saqarTvelos anisi, xolo 1046 wels droebiT Tbilisic SeuerTda. saqarTvelos mefem bagrat IV-m gadawyvita, bizantiasTan Sesarigeblad da mosalaparakeblad TviTve Casuliyo konstantinopolSi. 1045 wels mas Tan axlda dedamisi mariami - saxelovani diplomati. bagrat IV-m sami weli dahyo iq ~didsa didebisa da pativsa Sina~. 1054-1057 wlebSi molaparakeba mimdinareobda samSvidobo zavisaTvis da 1021 wels dawyebuli omi bizantia-saqarTvelos Soris dasrulda SerigebiT, rac Semdgom aRarasodes darRveula saukuneTa manZilze. rogorc giorgi mTawmindelis cxovrebidan Cans, giorgi mTawmindeli konstantinopolSi qarTvel mefesTan da dedofalTan Casula da iq iveronis monastris saqmeebic mougvarebia. qarTuli eklesiis saqmeebis dadebiTad gadaWra mniSvnelovani ram iyo da miuTiTebda imas, rom molaparakebebi manamde gadauWrel saeklesio sakiTxebsac Seexeboda. amaze metyvelebs isic, rom konstantinopolidan giorgi mTawmindeli mariam dedofalTan erTad antioqiaSi gaemgzavra, sadac isini Sexvdnen antioqiis patriarqs. Semdgom giorgi mTawmindeli ierusalimsac ewvia. aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTveli mefis dedisa (mariam dedoflisa) da giorgi mTawmindelis antioqia-ierusalimSi mgzavrobaze TviT bizantiiis imperatori zrunavda. antioqiis patriarq petre III-s dedofalma mariamma imperatoris sagangebo miTiTeba auwya: mas ~aqvnda brZaneba samefo Tavadisa Tana da patriarqsa antioqiisa~. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT qarTuli eklesiis devnas am vizitis wina wlebSi, agreTve giorgi mTawmindelis cnobil saubrebsa da kamaTs antioqiis patriarq petre III-sTan, unda vifiqroT, rom molaparakeba qarTuli eklesiis viTarebas Seexeboda. mkvlevar korolevskis azriT, petre III-is dros qarTuli eklesiis uflebaTa gansazRvra saWiro gaxda imitom, rom ~saqarTvelos erT-erTma kaTalikosma TviTneburad miikuTvna patriarqis pativi~. molaparakeba saqarTvelos eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirsebis aRiarebas Seexeboda. cnobili berZeni kanonistis - balsamonis TvalsazrisiT, petres dros gadawyda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxi. rac ~antioqiis patriarqad iyo ufali petre, gamotanili iqna krebis dadgenileba, rom iqnes Tavisufali da avtokefaluri eklesia iberiisa, romelic maSin eqvemdebareboda antioqiis patriarqs~. kanonist profesor troickis Sromebze dayrdnobiT gamogvaqvs daskvna, rom petre III-s dros ki ar miuniWebiaT avtokefalia qarTuli eklesiisaTvis (rameTu igi, giorgi mTawmindelis cnobiT, mociqulTa droidanve avtokefaluri iyo), aramed antioqiis sapatriarqos krebam aRiara saqarTvelos eklesiis sapatriarqo eklesiad gamocxadebis ufleba. giorgi mTawmindelma petre III-is gardacvalebis Semdeg 1057 w. molaparakeba gamarTa axal patriarq TeodoresTan da Teodore darwmunda qarTvelTa marTlmadideblobaSi (mas Seagones, TiTqosda qarTvelTa erTi nawili ~somxur sarwmunoebas~ aRiarebda). Teodorem saeklesio kanonebis Sesabamisad dasaja cilismwameblebi. amis Semdeg qarTuli eklesiis devna bizantiis imperiaSi Sewyda. amitomac 1054-1057 wlebSi bizantiasaqarTvelos molaparakebani qarTul eklesiasac Seexeboda da misi sakiTxebis mogvarebas isaxavda miznad. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos struqtura da iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi saistorio wyaroebidan Cans, rom saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi misi daarsebis Semdgom Sedioda ramdenime saeklesio erTeuli (afxazeTis sakaTalikoso, qarTlis sakaTalikoso, somxeTis samitropolito, xunZeTis sakaTalikoso) da saqarTvelos patriarqi iyo maTi gamaerTianebeli umaRlesi saeklesio xelisufali. Tavis mxriv, sakaTalikosoSi Sediodnen saepiskoposoebi, romelnic uSualod emorCilebodnen adgilobriv kaTalikosebs. mravali qarTuli wyaros urTierTSejerebiT dgindeba, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis meTauris sruli tituli aseTi iyo: ~yovlisa saqarTveloisa patriarqi, qarTlisa kaTalikosi~. aseve sxvadasxva wyaros urTierTSejerebiT dadgenilia, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis meTauri aerTianebda or taxts. igi iyo ara mxolod sruliad saqarTvelos patriarqi, aramed qarTlis sakaTalikosos meTauric (am dros qarTlis sakaTalikoso moicavda aRmosavleT saqarTvelos. dasavleTi saqarTvelo Sedioda afxazeTis sakaTalikosoSi). afxazeTis kaTalikoss ewodeboda ~umrwemesi~, xolo qarTlis kaTalikoss (romelic imave dros saqarTvelos patriarqi iyo) ~uxucesi~, zogjer ki ~mama~.

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saqarTvelos sapatriarqos daarsebis ideologiuri safuZveli gaxldaT wm. mamebis mtkicebani imis Sesaxeb, rom Cveni uflisa da macxovris ieso qristes mowafeebma (mociqulebma) andria pirvelwodebulma, svimon kananelma da sxvebma moaqcies ara mxolod dasavleTi, anda samxreTi saqarTvelo qristes sarwmunoebaze, aramed sruliad saqarTvelo. Sesabamisad sruliad saqarTvelos patriarqi ijda andria pirvelwodebulis taxtze da misi sulieri memkvidre brZandeboda. saqarTvelos ewodeboda ~nawili igi andria mociqulisa da simon kananelisa~, is iyo erTi eri, erTi qveyana, erTi saxelmwifo da hqonda erTi sapatriarqo. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi emTxveoda saqarTvelos samefos sazRvrebs. vinaidan saqarTvelos sazRvrebi nel-nela farTovdeboda, saqarTvelos eklesiis sazRvrebic izrdeboda mis Sesabamisad. zogjer ki (umetes SemTxvevaSi) sapatriarqo Tavis iurisdiqciis qveS iqcevda mTel CrdiloeT kavkasias imdroindeli ruseTis sazRvramde. magaliTad, biWvinTis iadgaris mixedviT XVI s-is damdegs afxazeTis sakaTalikosos CrdiloeT sazRvrad dasaxelebulia ~ruseTis sazRvari~, xolo CrdilodasavleTis sazRvrad - punqti kafa, romelic mdebareobda xersonesis axlos, yirimSi. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos CrdiloeTis sazRvari, ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT, moicavda oseTsa da CerqezeTs ~pontos zRvidan darubandis zRvamde~. XVIII s-Si ki afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Tavis sawmyosd miaCnda pontos zRvis CrdiloeTiT mdebare miwebi - ~ponto CrdiloeTi~. XI s-Si saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Sedioda CeCneTi, oseTi da inguSeTi da mTliani daRestani. amas adasturebs rogorc iq mdebare qarTuli naSTebis warwerebi, aseve saistorio wyaroebi. aq, am kuTxeebSi, gavrcelebuli iyo qarTuli damwerloba da qarTuli RvTismsaxureba. werilobiTi wyaroebiT cnobilia ramdenime eparqia: xunZaxisa, anwuxisa da waxurisa (amaze miuTiTebs 1310 weli maRalaSviliseuli saxarebis minaweri), xolo sinas mTis qarTuli monastris XV s-is saaRape wignSi moxseniebulia xunZeli kaTalikosi oqropiri, romelsac korneli kekeliZe mitropolitTan aigivebda. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos aRmosavleT sazRvarSi, ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT, moqceuli iyo ~Saqi, Sinvani da midgmiT - warmovliT mTisa adgilni~. 1310 wlis werilobiTi cnobiT saqarTvelos patriarqma eqvTimem moixila Tavisi samwyso kak-elisenSi, belaqanSi, fifineTsa da movakanSi. ~movakani~ erqva Tanamedrove azerbaijanis teritorias q. Sirvanamde es aris is miwa-wyali, romelic ZvelTaganve Sedioda qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi. amis Sesaxeb mose xoreneli wers: wminda ninom iqadaga ~masquTebis~ qveynamde, anu kaspiis zRvis piramde (Semdgom es qveynebi Sevidnen albaneTis eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi). saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Seqmnis Semdeg es teritoriebi am sapatriarqoSi dabrundnen. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos iurisdiqciis samxreTi sazRvari gadioda mdinare araqssa da evfratze. jer kidev konstantine porfirogeneti, imperatori bizantiisa, werda: araqsis marcxena mxare iberielebiTaa dasaxlebulio. saerTod, mdinareebis araqsisa da evfratis saTaveebis CrdiloeTiT moqceuli qveynebi qarTvelTa istoriuli sacxovrisi iyo da iq mkvidrobdnen qarTveli tomebi. marTalia, Semdgom saukuneebSi am mxareebma politikur viTarebaTa gamo armenizacia ganicades da mkvidri qarTuli mosaxleoba TiTqmis VIII s-mde somxuri eklesiis zewolas ganicdida, magram tao-klarjeTis ~qarTvelTa samefos~ warmoqmnis Semdgom eTnikuri warmomavlobiT mkvidri qarTuli mosaxleoba kvlav daubrunda qarTul eklesias. zemoT aRniSnul mizezTa gamo somxeTis qveyanaSi cxovrobda mravali marTlmadidebeli, eTnikuri warmomavlobiT qarTveli da am qarTveli mrevlisaTvis Seqmnili iyo valaSkertis, yarsis, anisis, arzrumis da sxva saepiskoposoebi. TviT XVII s-Sic ki arzrumSi qarTveli episkoposi ijda. qarTul eklesiaSi miRebuli Tvalsazrisi saqarTvelos sapatriarqos daarsebis kanonikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb qarTul eklesias miaCnda, rom sapatriarqo eklesiad wodebis ufleba Cvens eklesias mieniWa 681 wels mowveuli VI msoflio krebis dadgenilebiT. cnobas amis Sesaxeb gvawvdis ara mxolod ~qarTlis cxovreba~, aramed e.w. ~martviluri xelnaweri~. ~martviluri xelnaweri~ Tavis wyarod asaxelebs ~konstantinopolis taxtikons~. VII s-Si daarsebuli saqarTvelos sapatriarqo daaxloebiT 720 wlisaTvis dayofila orad - afxazeTisa da qarTlis sakaTalikosod. XI s-Si saqarTvelos gaerTianebis kvaldakval es ori sakaTalikoso erT sapatriarqod gaerTianda. 1. diptiqis Sesaxeb

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diptiqi aris rigiToba, romliTac daculi unda iyos msoflios eklesiaTa meTaurebis moxseneba RvTismsaxurebis dros. mociqulTa 34-e kanoniT diptiqi ar arsebobda pirvel saukuneebSi da Camoyalibda qristianobis saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad gadaqcevis Semdeg. Tavidan diptiqi hqondaT mxolod romis imperiis aRmosavleT eklesiebs. diptiqi saWiro gaxda aRmosavleT romis imperiaSi TavisTavad eklesiaTa siWarbis gamo, aq konstantinopolis sapatriarqos gverdiT arsebobda sxvadasxva sapatriarqo da eklesia. amasTanave am adgilobriv eklesiaTa meTaurebs saxelmwifoSi eWiraT didi Tanamdebobebi, amitomac saWiro iyo, mtkiced gansazRvruliyo pativis xarisxi eklesiis mRvdelmTavarTa Soris. bizantiis imperiis gaqrobis Semdeg msoflioSi warmoiqmna mravali axali marTlmadidebeli eklesia. diptiqSi am eklesiaTa moxseneba amJamad ganixileba, rogorc sakiTxi maTi Rirsebisa da pativisa. amitom diptiqSi eklesiaTa saTanado adgils didi mniSvneloba eniWeba. amaze metyvelebs is, rom diptiqis sakiTxi msoflio marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris jerac ar aris sabolood gadaWrili. magaliTad, rusuli eklesia da slavurenovani marTlmadidebluri eklesiebis umravlesoba aRiarebs erTi saxis diptiqs, xolo konstantinopolisa da sxva sapatriarqoebi sxva saxisas. aq igulisxmeba diptiqis rigSi eklesiaTa sxvadasxvagvari numeracia. magaliTad, qarTuli eklesia miiCnevs, rom saqarTvelos sapatriarqos marTlmadideblur diptiqSi unda eWiros meeqvse adgili. ruseTis eklesiaSi gasuli saukunis ormociani wlebidan miRebulia diptiqi, romelSic saqarTvelos sapatriarqos msoflio eklesiaTa Soris uWiravs meeqvse adgili, magram aseTi saxis diptiqi miuRebelia zogierTi sxva eklesiisaTvis da miaCniaT, rom qarTul eklesias diptiqSi adgili unda eWiros bulgareTis sapatriarqos Semdgom, e.i. mecxre adgili. arsebobs sxva mosazrebanic. Seqmnili viTarebis gamo gadawyda, diptiqis sakiTxi ganexila momaval msoflio saeklesio krebas. ukve gansazRvrulia krebis gansaxilveli sakiTxebi (sul ganixileba aTi Tema), maT Sorisaa diptiqis sakiTxi. am sakiTxis garkvevas didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs. 2. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos adgili marTlmadideblur diptiqSi XI s-is Semdeg saqarTvelos sapatriarqos iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi TandaTanobiT izrdeboda saxelmwifos sazRvrebis gafarToebasTan erTad, ramac qarTuli eklesiis mimarT mtrulad ganawyo bizantiis eklesia, kerZod, konstantinopolis sapatriarqo. jer tao-klarjeTis mefeebma, Semdeg ki saqarTvelos saxelmwifom, pretenziebi ganacxades araqsisa da evfratis zemo nawilSi mdebare miwebze (vanis tbamde), romlebzedac uZvelesi droidanve cxovrobda armenizebuli qarTuli mosaxleoba XI s-is Sua wlebSi mogvarda sadavo sakiTxebi or eklesias Soris da kidec ganisazRvra qarTuli eklesiis adgili marTlmadideblur diptiqSi. amaze miuTiTebs saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis XIII s-is sigeli, romelSic igi Tavis Tavs moixseniebs msoflios mexuTe patriarqis Semdeg meeqvse adgilze: ~Semdgomad xuTTa patriarqTa sveticxovlis meeqvsisa patriarqisa da qristes mier yovlisa saqarTveloisa kaTalikozi nikolozi vamtkiceb~. msoflios xuTi patriarqis Semdeg rom ayenebda qarTuli eklesiis meTauri Tavis Tavs (ukve XI saukunidan), Cans Cvenamde moRweul sabuTebidan. kerZod, bagrat IV-is Semowirulebis sigels 1057 wels patriarqi amtkicebda formuliT, rom am sigelis damrRvevni ~krulmca arian xuTTa patriarqTa jvariTa da Cem glaxakiTa jvariTa~. asevea 1245-1250, 1259 wlebis sabuTebSic, e.i. meTaurebi qarTuli eklesiisa TavianT Tavs xuTi patriarqis Semdeg moixseniebdnen. qarTuli diptiqi Sedgenili, II msoflio krebis mesame, qalkedonis 28-e da trulis 36-e kanonebis gaTvaliswinebiT, aseTi iyo: 1. romis saydari 2. konstantinopolis saydari 3. aleqsandriis saydari 4. antioqiis saydari 5. ierusalimis saydari 6. mcxeTis (sveticxovlis) saydari es diptiqi da masSi romis saydris, anu romis pirvelierarqis kaTedris moxsenieba miuTiTebs imaze, rom qarTuli diptiqi Sedgenilia 1054 wlamde, anu msoflio eklesiis orad gayofamde. rogorc cnobilia, msoflio eklesiis gayofis Semdeg marTlmadidebluri diptiqidan amoRebuli iqna romis papis moxsenieba, manamde ki, zemoaRniSnul krebaTa dadgenilebiT, ~Zveli romis eklesiis meTaurs~ diptiqSi pirveli adgili ganekuTvneboda, rac asaxuli iyo qarTul diptiqSi garkveul dromde. qarTuli eklesiis

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meeqvse adgili aRiares msoflio eklesiebma, razec miuTiTebs ferara-florenciis krebaze misi VI adgili. 3. qarTuli eklesiis VI adgili ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebaze qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos patriarqs diptiqSi eWira VI adgili msoflios sxva eklesiis meTaurTa Soris, magram cnobdnen Tu ara ucxo qveynebSi qarTuli eklesiis am adgils? rogorc ferara-florenciaSi Catarebuli e.w. ~msoflio~ saeklesio krebis masalebi miuTiTebs, diptiqSi qarTuli eklesiis aRniSnuli adgili aRiarebuli iyo sxva sapatriarqoTa da eklesiaTa mierac. marTlmadidebloba aRiarebs mxolod Svid saeklesio krebas, magram kaTolikur da, saerTod, dasavlur saeklesio samyaroSi saukuneTa manZilze tardeboda krebebi, romelTac uwodebdnen ~msoflio saeklesio krebebs~. erTi aseTi fsevdo ~msoflio saeklesio kreba~ Turqebis mier konstantinopolis aRebis win iqna mowveuli italiaSi. kreba muSaobda ferarasa da florenciaSi 1438-45 wlebSi. krebas eswrebodnen ara mxolod kaTolikuri qveynebis warmomadgenlebi, aramed mTeli marTlmadidebluri msoflios delegatebi, maT Soris konstantinopolisa da yvela berZnuli sapatriarqos, ruseTis, saqarTvelosa da sxva eklesiebis delegatebic. krebis aqtebs xeli moaweres yvelaze mniSvnelovani eklesiebis wargzavnilebma, maT Soris konstantinopolis delegatebmac. konstantinopolis aRebis wina periodSi, mas Semdeg, rac Turqebma daipyres serbia (1389), bulgareTi (1393) da 1430 wels sulTanma murad II-m Tesalonikic daikava, bizantiis imperia mxolod konstantinopols moicavda. imperiis dReebi daTvlili iyo. bizantiis imperatorebi romis eklesiisagan elodnen daxmarebas, magram kaTolikebi moiTxovdnen aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis eklesiaTa gaerTianebas. bizantiis imperatorebi amaze daTanxmdnen. imperatorebma manuel II-m da ioane VIII-m romis paps SesTavazes kaTolikuri da marTlmadidebluri eklesiebi SeerTebuliyo. mowveuli iqna sagangebo, ~saeklesio~ kreba. gadawyda kreba yofiliyo warmomadgenlobiTi, anu masSi monawileoba mieRo yvela marTlmadidebluri qveynisa da eklesiis warmomadgenlebs. bizantiis imperatoris miwveviT saqarTvelos mefem krebaze ori episokposi da saero pirebi gagzavna. 1437-1439 wlebis ferara-florenciis krebis aqtebi moRweulia ori redaqciis saxiT. erTia kaTolikuri, meore ki - prolaTinurad ganwyobili berZenTa delegaciisa. arsebobs agreTve konstantinopolis patriarqis Tanmxlebi didi eklesiarxis - siropulosis memuarebi, romlebSic asaxula konstantinopolis sapatriarqos Tvalsazrisi. siropulosi Tavis SromaSi qarTul eklesias uwodebs ~sapatriarqos~, mis meTaurs ki ~patriarqs~ (am maRal wodebas, cxadia, SemTxveviT ar miakuTvnebden Cveni eklesiis meTaurs). qarTuli eklesia krebaze monawileobda, viTarca sapatriarqo eklesia. amitomac Cveni eklesiis warmomadgenels krebis marTlmadidebel mRvdelmTavarTa rigSi eWira mexuTe adgili, saerTod ki - VI adgili, Tu am rigSi ar gamovricxavT romis paps. krebaze monawileni orad iyvnen gayofilni: erT mxares isxdnen laTini mRvdelmTavrebi, meore mxares - marTlmadideblebi. marTlmadidebelTa mxares gamocalkevebuli iyo xuTi savarZeli. pirvelad idga konstantinopolis patriarqisa, Semdeg ganlagebulni iyvnen aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusalimis sapatriarqoTa da iberiis mefis warmomadgeneli mitropolitis savarZlebi, Semdeg skamebze isxdnen trapizonis, rizes, nikeisa da sxva eklesiaTa warmomadgenlebi, diptiqis Sesabamisad. aRsaniSnavia, rom krebam gansakuTrebuli dadgenilebac ki miiRo diptiqis Sesaxeb. ferara-florenciis krebaze qarTuli eklesiis adgili ierusalimis sapatriarqos Semdeg miuTiTebs imaze, rom qarTuli eklesiis am adgils aRiarebdnen ara mxolod konstantinopolisa da sxva sapatriarqoebi, aramed yvela warmodgenili marTlmadidebeli eklesia, agreTve romis eklesiac. aRsaniSnavia, rom krebis gadawyvetilebas eklesiaTa SeerTebis Sesaxeb yvela marTlmadidebelma eklesiam (maT Soris konstantinopolis sapatriarqom) moawera xeli qarTuli eklesiis delegatebis garda. romis papma sagangebod miiwvia saTaTbirod iberiis elCi, magram xelmoweraze ver daiTanxma. qarTulma delegaciam uaryo uniis miReba, ramac gaanawyena prolaTinurad ganwyobili berZnuli delegacia. amitom berZnebis aqtebSi qarTuli eklesiis roli dakninebulia, samagierod e.w. ~akta laTina~ sinamdviliT gadmogvcems diptiqSi qarTuli eklesiis adgils. 4. qarTuli eklesiis Sinagani diptiqi

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diptiqs ZvelqarTulad ewodeboda ~samRvdeloTa dasTa wyobileba~ an ~wesdeba da garigeba~, zogjer ki mas ~zeviT da qveviT dgomis wesi~ erqva. amis Sesabamisad, episkoposebi darbazobisa Tu wirva-locvis dros isxdnen saepiskoposoTa Rirsebis mixedviT. erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos arsebobis dros qarTlis sakaTalikosoSi arsebobda Semdegi saxis diptiqi: ~efiskopozni am wesiT dasxdnen 1. brZanos qarTlis kaTalikozman da dajdes marjveniT mefisa. 2. Semovides Wyondideli da dajdes marcxeniT mefisa, 3. Semovides didisa somxeTisa mitropoliti da dajdes kaTalikozisa qvemoT, 4. Semovides episkopozi da dajdes mitropolitis qvemoT, 5. Semovides mawyvereli da dajdes mitropolitisa qvemoT, 6. Semovides amba alaverdeli da dajdes Wyondidelis qvemoT da a.S.~ erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos arsebobis dros afxazeTis sakaTalikosoSi Semdegi saxis diptiqi arsebobda: 1. afxazeTis kaTalikosi, 2. Wyondideli, 3. quTaTeli, 4. bedieli, 5. cixe-gojeli da a.S. Wyondideli episkoposi rogorc qarTlis, aseve afxazeTis sakaTalikosoTa, darbazoba-SekrebebSi monawileobda da igi mefis marcxniv jdeboda. orive sakaTalikosos kaTalikosTa Sekrebis dros mefis marjvniv qarTlis, xolo marcxniv afxazeTis kaTalikosebi sxdebodnen. maT win (da ara ukan) episokposebi ukve addgenili wesiT sxdebodnen, episkoposTa win ki samRvdelo dasi Sesabamisi wesis mixedviT ganlagdeboda: ~modgnen yovelTa monasterTa moZRvarni da winamZRvarni da maTiTa wesiTa winamoisxdnen episkoposTa~. erTiani saqarTvelos samefos daSlis Semdeg qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi diptiqi aseTi saxisa iyo - 1. kaTalikos-patriarqi, 2. amba-alaverdeli, 3. qiziyeli, 4. Tbileli, 5. ninowmindeli, 6. mangleli, 7. rusTaveli da a.S. didi mTargmnelebi enaTmecnieri k. danelia Tavis wignSi ~qarTuli samwerlo enis istoriis sakiTxebi~ miuTiTebs, rom mravali qarTveli Tu ucxoeli mkvlevaris TvalsazrisiT bibliuri wignebis zogierTi Zveli qarTuli Targmani Sesworebulia somxuri redaqciebis mixedviT, da armenizmebi XI saukunemdel TargmanebSi ganekuTvnebian uZveles teqstobriv fenebs. qarTul TargmanebSi armenizmebis arsebobis Sesaxeb miuTiTebda giorgi mcirec. k. danelia giorgi mciris cnobis kritikuli ganxilvis Sedegad askvnis: 1. ~qarTvelebs qristianobis miRebisTanave hqoniaT Zvel mTargmnelTa mier gadmoRebuli bibliuri wignebi, 2. Semdgom, radgan saberZneTi teritoriulad Soris iyo saqarTvelosagan, somxebs qarTvelebisaTvis ~mizezTa wesierebisaiTa~, e.i. Targmnis sisworis dacvis motiviT SeuTavazebiaT bibliuri wignebis somxuri TargmaniT sargebloba, 3. amis Sedegad qarTul enaze somxuridan gadmouRiaT zogierTi bibliuri wigni~. es, mkvlevaris azriT, momxdara VI-VII saukuneebSi, e.i. IV-V saukuneebSi arsebuli teqstebi ~pirvelTagan wmidad da keTilad Targmnilni~ SeujerebiaT VI-VII saukuneebSi somxur TargmanebTan da maT mixedviT uredaqtirebiaT isini, e.i. armenizmebis arseboba qarTul wmida werilSi miTiTebuli giorgi mcires mier dadasturda mecnieruli kvlevebiTac. qarTul wmida werilSi armenizmebis arsebobis faqti SeumCneveli ar darCenila XI saukuneSive berZnuli eklesiis mier da swored berZen saeklesio pirTa mkacrad gamoTqmuli SeniSvnebis gamo qarTvelma wmida mamebma (eqvTime, giorgi mTawmidelebma da sxvebma) didad iRvawes da qarTuli teqstebi gaaswores berZnuli dednebis mixedviT XI s-is I naxevarSi. k. danelias SexedulebiT giorgi mTawmindeli aris ara mTargmneli, am sityvis dRevandeli mniSvnelobiT, aramed redaqtori: ~giorgi rom bibliur wignebs xelaxla ar Targmnis, es faqtia, romelsac mxolod danaxva unda da ara mtkiceba... giorgis redaqciuli kalami arsebiTad Seexo Zveli redaqciis ara gramatikul, aramed Sinaarsobriv-stilistur mxares~. aseve efrem mcirem axali redaqciebi kidev ufro dauaxlova berZnul wyaros stilis TvalsazrisiTac ki. ~magram es xdeba qarTuli enis bunebis sawinaaRmdegod.~ XI s-is I naxevarSi samjer moaxdines qarTuli wmida werilis redaqtireba berZnulis Sesabamisad, rac gamowveuli yofila ~ara wmida literaturuli interesebiT, aramed mwvave politikur-sarwmunoebrivi garemoebiT~. saqme is iyo, rom saqarTvelos saxelmwifos gaerTianebis Semdeg dawyebulma omma bizantiis imperiasTan, romelic aTeuli wlobiT gagrZelda, saeklesio wreebi bizantiur sapatriarqoebSi mtrulad ganawyo qarTuli eklesiis mimarT. gamoCndnen ~mayvedrebelni~, romlenic cils swamebdnen sazogadod qarTul eklesias, TiTqosda mas hqonda raRac ~somxuri~ biwi da amis erT-erT damadasturebel faqtad miiCnevdnen armenizmebis arsebobas qarTul wmida werilSi. mTargmnelebma bejiTi SromiT qarTuli teqstebi Seaswores, riTac qarTuli eklesiis avtoriteti ganamtkices.

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armenizebuli, anu somxuri redaqciebis mixedviT Sesworebuli qarTuli Targmanebi Cvens dromde mcire raodenobiTaa moRweuli, magram maTi ricxvi XI s-is damdegs mcire rom yofiliyo, cxadia, arc mTargmnelTa Taobebis Sroma iqneboda saWiro. umniSvnelo teqstebis redaqtireba-Targmanebs ar Sealevdnen TavianT Sromas mTeli sicocxlis manZilze eqvTime da giorgi mTawmindelebi sxva gamoCenil moRvaweebTan erTad. ismis kiTxva: sinamdvileSi ram gamoiwvia ~somxuri elementebis~ gaCena qarTul teqstebSi, anu ratom gaukeTes redaqcia VI-VII saukuneebSi ~pirveliTgan wmidad da keTilad~ Targmnil qarTul teqstebs? VI-VII ss-Si qarTuli teqstebis redaqtireba, k. danelias azriT, momxdara taos TemSi, e.i. mas lokaluri da ara zogad qarTuli mniSvneloba hqonia. es Tvalsazrisi sworad ar asaxavs realur viTarebas. sinamdvileSi ki, radganac sparsTa mier dapyrobil amierkavkasiaSi dampyroblebma didi upiratesobani mianiWes somxur eklesias da gadaaqcies igi amierkavkasiis eklesiaTa ~zedamxedvelad~, amitom antiberZnulad ganwyobili somxuri eklesiis zegavleniT VI s-danve unda dawyebuliyo qarTuli wmida werilis somxuris mixedviT redaqtireba sazogadod da ara mxolod taos TemSi. procesi gagrZelda VII da momdevno saukuneebSic, XI s-mde, rameTu axali dampyroblebi, arabebic, sparselTa msgavsad antibizantiurad iyvnen ganwyobilni da TavianTi saeklesio politikis sayrdenad somxur eklesias miiCnevdnen amierkavkasiis masStabiT, rac somxur eklesias, maT Soris somxur-qalkedonitur saepiskoposoebsac VII-X ss-Si saSualebas aZlevda, giorgi mcires sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, ~wesierebis~ momizezebiT eredaqtirebina qarTuli teqstebis erTi nawili. somxuri eklesiis gavlenis nakvalevi sabolood aRmofxvres didma mTargmnelebma TavianTi Tavdauzogavi moRvaweobiT, qarTuli eklesiis erovnuli saxe didad ganamtkices da masSi marTlmadidebluri suli kidev ufro gaaZlieres ioane da eqvTime mTawmindelebma, Cveni eklesiis mama giorgi aTonelma (mTawmindelma), da mTawmindisa da imJamindeli sxva qarTul eklesia-monastrebSi moRvawe didma mamebma. Tavi VIII. qarTuli eklesia XII saukuneSi mefe daviT aRmaSenebeli - morCili berisa arsen iyalToeli - moZRvari da sulieri mama daviT aRmaSeneblisa enaTa mcodne, RmrTismetyveli, filosofosi, saeklesio wignebis mTargmneli da marTlmadideblobis burji yofila, misi drois qarTvelebi didad afasebdnen. efrem mcires uTqvams: adamianTagan SeuZlebeli arsenisaTvis SesaZlebelia RmrTisa da misi wmidanebis meoxebiTo. arseni Tavdapirvelad konstantinopolis manganis akademiaSi swavlobda, Semdeg Sav mTaze (antioqiaSi) moRvaweobda, 1103 wels samSobloSi - SiomRvimis monasterSi dabrunebula. TiTqmis 25 wlis ganmavlobaSi arseni mefes edga gverdiT da misi xelSewyobiT eweoda saeklesio-sazogadoebrivsa da samwerlo-samonastro saqmianobas. daviTma ki arsenis rCeviT politikuri da kulturuli reformebi Caatara. ~morCili~ saeklesio terminia da ewodeba eriskacs, romelsac evaleba Tavisi sulieri moZRvris yoveli neba aRasrulos. cxadia, morCilebis saboloo mizani adamianis sulieri amaRlebaa. daviT mefes Tavisi sulieri moZRvris didi morCileba hqonia da TviTon arsenic mefisaTvis didad sando piri yofila. daviT aRmaSeneblis moZRvrebi - berebi giorgi Wyondideli, arsen iyalToeli Tu ioane kaTalikosi mefisaTvis iyo saxe erovnuli eklesiisa. qarTul eklesiaSi igi saqarTvelos WeSmariti gamaerTianebelis Zalas xedavda, romelsac unari Seswevda ufali RmerTis SemweobiT ganeaxlebina da gaecxovelebina qarTuli sazogadoeba da sulierebis axal safexurze aeyvana. Semdgom es marTlac ase moxda, qarTveli eris oqros xana - epoqa daviTisa da Tamarisa swored saxelmwifosa da qarTuli eklesiis simbiozis, Zalze Rrma urTierTTanamSromlobis Sedegad Seiqmna. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo Zlieri iyo manam, sanam qarTul erovnul eklesias eyrdnoboda. rogorc ki saqarTvelos saxelmwifo Seecada monofiziti saxelmwifo moxeleebis mTavrobaSi SeyvaniT monofizituri eklesiis mxardaWera moepovebina, politikuri krizisi daiwyo, rasac mtris pirveli SemosevisTanave saqarTvelos damarcxeba mohyva (igulisxmeba mxargrZelebis aRzeveba da jalaledinTan damarcxeba). daviT aRmaSenebeli saeklesio moRvaweebis saSualebiT marTavda saxelmwifos. kerZod, man Seqmna mTavroba, romlis umTavresi Tanamdebobebi samRvdeloTa xelSi iyo moqceuli. ufro metic, mTavrobis meTauri mwignobarTuxucesi giorgi Wyondideli episkoposi mefis mamad da saxelmwifos pirvel vazirad miiCneoda. igi gaxldaT qalkedonizmis, anu rogorc imJamad iyo miRebuli - qarTuli qristianobis simbolo. swored giorgi Wyondidelis uSualo xelmZRvanelobiT aiRes qarTvelebma cixe-qalaqi

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samSvilde 1110 wels, rasac qvemo qarTlis mTavar cixeTa ganTavisuflebac mohyva. es cixeebi maSin Turqebs eWiraT, sul ramdenime aTeuli wliT adre ki samSvilde monofizitkuri saxelmwifos centri da lore-taSiris kvirikianTa samefos dedaqalaqi iyo. am WeSmaritad qarTul qveyanaSi, romlis moqalaqeTa absolutur umravlesobas qarTveloba Seadgenda, arabma dampyroblebma monofizituri eklesia xelovnurad gaabatones. qvemo qarTli giorgi Wyondidelis mier misi ganTavisuflebis Semdeg uwyvetad TiTqmis XVIII s-mde qarTuli eklesiis samoRvaweo asparezi iyo. giorgi Wyondidelma mters rusTavic waarTva - es moxda 1115 wels. 1118 wels yivCaRebis saqarTveloSi Camosaxlebis saqmec daviTma giorgi WyondidelTan erTad moagvara. mefis yoveli gamarjveba qristianobas ukavSirdeboda, qristianobis mtrebis daTrgunvas moaswavebda. jvarosanTa omis dawyebisas daviT mefe yovelmxriv exmareboda maT. mefe yovel did saqmes romelime mRvdelmTavris winamZRolobiT axorcielebda. amitom saqarTveloSi xSirad gaismoda yiJina - ~mefe da mRvdelmTavari~. ~xelmwifis karis garigeba~ moixseniebs oTx bers, romelTac saqarTvelos mTavrobaSi upirvelesi adgili eWiraT. eseni iyvnen 1. saqarTvelos patriarqi; 2. afxazeTis kaTalikosi; 3. mwignobarTuxucesi; 4. moZRvarTmoZRvari. oTx bers ixseniebs agreTve ruisurbnisis krebis ~Zegliswera~: 1) ioane kaTalikos-patriarqs, 2) giorgi monazon-mwignobarTuxucess (Wyondidels), 3) evstaTi monazons (igi afxazeTis kaTalikosi unda yofiliyo), 4) arsen monazons - iyalToels. unda vifiqroT, rom es oTxi beri amave dros qarTuli eklesiis mudmivi sinodic iyo. mefe mudam berebis wreSi trialebda. Rrma saeklesio saRvTismetyvelo ganaTleba hqonia miRebuli. amitomac misi ~galobani sinanulisani~ dawerilia sasuliero literaturis zedmiwevniTi codniT. safiqrebelia, rom qarTveli mRvdelmTavrebi morCilebdnen qarTvel mefes saxelmwifo saqmeebis gadawyvetisas. samagierod mefe emorCileboda maT sasuliero sakiTxebSi. aseTi harmonia, damyarebuli ~darbazis karze~, safuZveli gaxda saqarTvelos ~oqros xanisa~. eklesia - qarTuli qveynebis gamaerTianebeli ~saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebSi~ vkiTxulobT: ~sazRvari kaxeTsa da saqarTvelos samefos Soris am dros md. qsanze gadiodao~ (igulisxmeba X-XI s-Ta mijna). sakiTxis ase dasma miuRebelia. am epoqis mematianeebi weren ara ~saqarTvelos samefosa~ da ~kaxeTis~, aramed afxazeT-tao-klarjeTis gaerTianebuli samefosa da kaxeTis samefos Soris sazRvarze. saqarTvelo ara mxolod afxazeT-tao-klarjeTis gaerTianebul samefos ewodeboda, aramed qarTvelTa yofil saxelmwifos, im dros arsebuls. amaze TviT sityva saqarTvelo migvaniSnebs. kaxeTi - qarTvelTa erT-erTi qveynis geografiuli saxeli iyo. magaliTad, ilarion qarTveli warmoSobiT kaxeTidan iyo, magram mas ~qarTvels~ uwodebdnen, rogorc ucxoeTSi, ise saqarTveloSic. qarTvelTa qveynebi iyvnen, rogorc kaxeTisa da hereTis samefoebi, ise Tbilisis saamiro da qvemo qarTlSi mdebare kvirikianTa samefoc, Tumca Tbiliss mahmadiani, xolo qvemo qarTls grigoriani mmarTvelebi marTavdnen. saqarTvelos politikuri gaerTianeba gamoiwvia zemoT aRniSnuli qveynebis eTnikurma erTobam - qarTvelobam. Tumca Tbilisi TiTqmis 400 wlis manZilze mahmadianuri saamiros centri iyo, mis mcxovrebTa umravlesobas qarTveli qristianebi Seadgendnen. aseve iTqmis qvemo qarTlSi mdebare e.w. ~somexTa~ anu taSir-Zorakertis samefos Sesaxebac. TviT didi somxeTis centrebSic ki, anisSi, valaSkertsa da dadaSenSi Tu sxvagan qarTveli mrevlic cxovrobda da iqaur eklesiebSi qarTvel episkoposebs taxtebi edgaT. aseve iTqmis hereTis Sesaxebac. hereTi vrclad gadaWimuli qarTuli qveyana iyo. VIIX ss-Si igi somxur-grigorianuli eklesiis gavlenis sferoSi moeqca, jer sparselebis, Semdeg arabebis nebiT. X s-Si hereTis mmarTvelis dinara dedoflis wyalobiT hereTi deda eklesias daubrunda, aq qarTuli suli srulyofilad aRdga tao-klarjeTisa da afxazTa samefo, kaxeTis saqorepiskoposo, hereTis samefo, Tbilisis saamiro da qvemo qarTli saqarTvelos gaerTianebamde urTierTdamoukideblad arsebobdnen, magram qarTuli eklesia faqtiurad yvela am qveyanas aerTianebda. ivane javaxiSvils dadgenili aqvs, rom saqarTvelos eklesias saxelmwifo cxovrebasa da wes-wyobilebaSi gansakuTrebuli upiratesoba hqonda mopovebuli da miniWebuli, ris wyalobiTac mas marto wminda saeklesio dawesebulebis xasiaTi ki ar hqonda, aramed saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulisa da erTeulis Tavisebebic moepoveboda~. am

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mosazrebas adasturebs iseTi faqtebi, rogoricaa: omebSi sasuliero pirTa, maT Soris TviT episkoposTa, uSualo monawileoba, gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos mefis karze mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondidelis Tanamdebobis Seqmna, Tanamdebobisa, romlis mflobeli saxelmwifos pirveli veziri iyo da ara marto sasuliero, aramed saero saqmesac ganagebda; saqarTvelos zogierT kuTxeSi, kerZod ki kaxeTis samefoSi qorepiskoposTa institutis arseboba, ris Sedegad sasuliero pirebi saqarTvelos am mxaris mTeli samxedro laSqris sardlebi iyvnen; saqarTvelos mTis raionebSi xevisberTa institutebis arseboba da mravali sxva. qarTuli eklesiis did gavlenas da saxelmwifo saqmeSi mis aqtiur monawileobas mowmobs is faqtic, rom TiTqmis yvela did eklesiasa da monasters hyavda Tavisi sakuTari kargad gawvrTnili laSqari, romelic saWiroebis dros mefis sadroSos uerTdeboda da masTan erTad ebrZoda saqarTvelos mtrebs. igive iTqmis saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeTa Sesaxebac. magaliTad, baRvaSebis sagvareulo Tumca saukuneTa manZilze ebrZoda saqarTvelos gamaerTianebel mefeebs, qarTuli eklesiis erTguli Tayvanismcemeli iyo. liparit baRvaSi, aTonis iverTa monastris erTerT mSenebladacaa miCneuli. maSasadame, saqarTvelos gaerTianebamde sxvadasxva qarTul politikur erTeulebs faqtiurad qarTuli eklesia aerTianebda. rogorc iTqva, qvemo qarTlSi, grigoriani kvirikianebis mefobis drosac ki uamravi qarTuli eklesia moqmedebda. arabTa batonobisas Tbilisis saamiroSi qristianuli eklesia didi Zala iyo. ~TiTqmis yvela sazRvargareTul qarTul savanes TbilisSi Tavisi metoqi (filiali) hqonda. giorgi mTawmindeli, romelic aTonis iveriis monastris winamZRvari iyo, amave dros Tbilisis mTawmindis monastris winamZRvrad da sulier mamadac iTvleboda~, wers p. ratiani. rogorc aRiniSna, afxazTa samefos, tao-klarjeTis (anu qarTvelTa) samefos, herTa (anu ranTa) samefos, kaxeTis samefosa da somexTa (anu taSiris) samefos ZiriTadi mkvidri mosaxleoba qarTveli xalxi iyo. am samefoebis gaerTianebamde maT qarTuli eklesia aerTianebda cnobilia, rom tao-klarjeTis samefos qarTvelTa samefo erqva. mas marTavda samefo dinastia, romlis oficialuri tituli iyo ~qarTvelTa mefe~. es tituli taoklarjel mefeebs Zveli qarTlis samefos farnavazian-gorgasliani mefeebisagan hqondaT gadaRebuli. amiT tao-klarjeli mefeebi amtkicebdnen, rom isini farnavaziani mefeebis politikuri memkvidreebi iyvnen. amitomac sruli politikuri siuzerenuli ufleba hqondaT mTel qarTvel xalxsa da sruliad saqarTveloze. Zveli tradiciiT farnavaziani mefeebis samflobelo anu Zveli ~qarTlis samefo~ mTel dasavleTsa da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos moicavda. anu maTi uflebebi imdroindel afxazTa, her-kaxTa da somexTa samefozec vrceldeboda. maSasadame, es tituli moicavda politikur Sinaarss da ara kuTxurs. Tavis mxriv afxazTa mefeebic amtkicebdnen, rom maT mTel qarTvel xalxze da yvela zemoT moxseniebul saxelmwifoebriv erTeulebze hqondaT uflebamosileba, radgan farnavazian mefeTa legitimur memkvidreebad miaCndaT Tavi. afxazeTi, tao-klarjeTi, Tbilisis saamiro, kaxeTi Tu hereTi, qarTvelTa yvela qveyana sulier mTlianobas qmnidnen imiT, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi imyofebodnen. am eklesiurma erTianobam ki qveynis politikuri gaerTianeba ganapiroba. swored amitom wmida mefe daviT aRmaSenebelma udidesi mniSvneloba mianiWa qarTuli eklesiis Tanadgomas da gadasca mas saxelmwifoebrivi mmarTvelobis berketebi, mravali saxelmwifoebrivi funqcia, miakuTvna upiratesobani saxelmwifo cxovrebasa da wes-wyobilebaSi. yivCaRTa Camosaxleba garkveva imisa, Tu sad Caasaxles yivCaRebi, mniSvnelovani saqmea. gavrcelebuli azriT Camosaxlebuli 200 000-ze meti yivCaRi da damxvduri qarTveloba urTierTs Serevian. Znelia mtkiceba, rom es sinamdviles Seefereba. aseTi hipoTeza Tanamedrove qarTvelis fsiqikasa da TviTSegnebaze uaryofiTad moqmedebs. daviTis istorikosi vrclad msjelobs sakiTxze, Tu ratom Camoasaxla daviT aRmaSenebelma yivCaRebi. igi jer daviT aRmaSeneblis Zlevamosil omebs, gamarjvebebs, saqarTvelosa da misi momijnave sanapiro qveynebis Turqebisagan TiTqmis mTlianad ganTavisuflebas aRwers, xolo Semdeg mis mier yivCaRebis gadmoyvanis mizezebs asaxelebs. saqme isaa, rom daviTi laSqrobda saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT, iRebda cixeebs,

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magram Semdeg tovebda maT, radganac ar hyavda xalxi, romlis saSualebiTac cixeebs samudamod daikavebda. ara marto daviTs, aramed mis winaprebsac didad akldaT cixeTa damWeri, cixeebSi Casayenebeli molaSqreni. ai, rogor xsnis yivCaRebis Camoyvanas n. berZeniSvili: ~yivCaRebis mowvevis erT-erTi mizezi ueWvelad iyo... qarTvelebis simcire axali adgilebis daWerisa da mudmivi molaSqreobisaTvis...~ (n. berZeniSvili, saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, t. IX, 1979, gv. 92). maSasadame, mefem yivCaRebi axali adgilebis dasaWerad moiwvia. ~axal adgilebSi~ saqarTvelos mosazRvre qveynebi igulisxmeba. yivCaRebi qarTvel mefeebs sazRvrebis dasacavad da ucxoeTSi salaSqrod esaWiroebodaT. amitomac daviTis Semdgom, Tamarisa da misi memkvidreebis mefobis dros, roca saqarTvelos sazRvrebi scildeboda qarTveli xalxis eTnikur sazRvrebs. unda vifiqroT, rom yivCaRebs aqedan Sors, somxeTisa da azerbaijanis samxreTiT - imJamindeli didi saqarTvelos sasazRvro mxareebSi gadaiyvandnen. uTuod amis gamo Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi ar gvxvdeba arc erTi toponimi, Tu saxeli, romelic yivCaRebs ukavSirdebodes, maSin roca Cvens toponimikas TviT qristemde mcxovrebi tomebis toponimebic ki aqvs Semonaxuli (~asureTi~, ~xeTa~ da sxv.). sxva mdgomareobaa amierkavkasiis sxva qveynebSi. somxeTSi Semonaxulia toponimebi yivCaRebTan dakavSirebuli, xolo azerbaijanisa da saqarTvelos samxreTiT mdebare qveynebSi Sua saukuneebSic ki cxovrobdnen yivCaRTa tomebi, iqauri mahmadianebis erT mcire nawils yivCaRebs uwodebdnen. S. mesxia, romelic iziarebs yivCaRTa ~gaqarTvelebis~ Teorias, am process imiT asabuTebs, rom TiTqosda Zvel saqarTveloSi~ swrafad mimdinareobda TviT somexTa religiuri ~qarTvelizacia~, ~gaqarTveleba~ (iqve, gv. 30). jer erTi, arasworia Teoria, romelic gabatonda qarTvel istoriografiaSi - Teoria ~somexTa gaqarTvelebisa~ (es Teoria SeTxza p. patkanovma, armenologiis profesorma peterburgis universitetSi, da aitaces misma mowafeebma da mowafeTa mowafeebma). meorec, ufro sarwmuno is Sexeduleba unda iyos, rom yivCaRebi qarTvelebs ar Serwymian. ruis-urbnisis kreba qarTuli eklesia didi avtoritetiT sargeblobda saqarTvelos yovel kuTxeSi, im drosac ki, roca saqarTvelo gaerTianebuli ar iyo da misi saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebi erTmaneTs ebrZodnen. vaxtang gorgaslis mier aRdgenili qarTvelTa erTiani qveyana VI ss-Si daiSala. X s-is bolosa da XI s-is damdegs, qarTuli qveynebis gaerTianebis Sedegad faqtiurad axali saxelmwifo Seiqmna. amitomac kvlav daisva saxelmwifosa da eklesiis urTierTobis sakiTxi. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebis mixedviT qarTuli umaRlesi saeklesio mTavrobis 4 wevri imavdroulad iqca saero mTavrobis umaRles wevrebadac. daviT aRmaSeneblis dros ~saxelmwifos mmarTvelobis sistemas~ saTaveSi Caudga oTxi monazoni. anu ~oTxi beri~, romlebic darbazis umaRlesi wevrebi iyvnen: moZRvarTmoZRvari, qarTlis kaTalikosi, afxazeTis kaTalikosi da Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesi. daviT aRmaSenebelma ZiriTadi uwyebani (saSinao, finansTa, samxedro) sxva dargebisagan gamoyo da isini uSualod mefis vezirs - mwignobarTuxuces - giorgi Wyondidels dauqvemdebara. Wyondidelsve eqvemdebareboda samefo spac. igi mefesTan erTad wyvetda omis dawyeba-ardawyebis sakiTxs da zogjer omSic midioda. SeiZleba gamoiTqvas varaudi, rom ruis-urbnisis krebazeve eklesiam mefes kaxeT-hereTi gadasca. amitomac uwodebs am krebis ~Zegliswera~ mas ~ranTa da kaxTa~ mefes. magram harmoniis miRweva saxelmwifosa da eklesias Soris advili ar gaxldaT. daviTis dros yofilan qveynis centralizaciis mowinaaRmdege Zalebi, romelic mefis mowinaaRmdege didgvarovnebs uWerdnen mxars. isini ZiriTadad eklesiis maRali fenis warmomadgeneli episkoposebi iyvnen, eklesiaSi TavianTi maRali warmoSobisa da simdidris wyalobiT moxvedrilni. maT ~Zegliswera~ ~uRirsebs~ uwodebs. rogorc ivane javaxiSvili, ise zogierTi sxva mecnieri miiCnevs, rom daviT aRmaSeneblis iniciativiT mowveulma ruis-urbnisis krebam miznad daisaxa qarTuli eklesiis ganaxleba im principebis safuZvelze, romlebic giorgi mTawmindelma wamoayena. ruis-urbnisis krebis I muxlis gadawyvetilebiT gankveTili episkoposebis magier, romelnic mefis mowinaaRmdegeni iyvnen, axlebi daayenes.

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II muxli Seexeba asaks. aq naTqvamia, rom episkoposad kurTxeva ar SeiZleboda 35 wlamde, mRvdlisa - 30-mde, diakonisa 25 wlamde, wignis mkiTxvelisa 8 wlamde. III muxliT aikrZala erTsa da imave dRes xeldasxma erTi adamianisa wignismkiTxvelad, ipodiakvnad, diakvnad, mRvdlad da episkoposad. ivane javaxiSvili wers ~maSindeli SexedulebiT xalxi or mTavar nawilad iyofoda, romelTagan erTs, ~moweseni~, samRvdeloeba da ber-monazvnebi, meore nawils ~eriskacni~ Seadgendnen... eklesia or umTavres nawilad iyofoda: saerod da samonastrod... saero eklesias mravalricxovani msaxurni hyavda: 1) wignismkiTxvelni, 2) kerZo diakonni, 3) diakonni, 4) dedaTdiakonni, 5) xucesni anu mRvdelni, 6) qorepisokposni, 7) episkoposni, 8) mTavarepiskoposni da kaTalikozi. iyo agreTve ~qadagi~. saeklesio msaxuris Tanamdebobas ~pativi~ erqva. eklesiis msaxurTa Soris gansakuTrebuli da sapatio adgili xucess, anu mRvdels ekuTvnoda imitom, rom grigol xanZTelis sityviT, ~mRvdeloba ufrois ars yovelTa didebaTa sulierTa da xorcielTa, rameTu qristes nacvlobai ars~... mRvdels maSindeli SexedulebiT imdeni siwminde unda hqonoda, rom ~dasdvas xeli sneulTa zeda da ganikurneno~ (t. VII, gv. 15). IV muxliT xeldasmis, eklesiis, sakurTxevlis Tu mironis kurTxevisas savaldebulo gaxda giorgi mTawmindelis ~axali kurTxevanis~ gamoyeneba. V muxliT aikrZala yovelgvari qrTamis gacema Tu miReba xeldasxmis safasurad. VI muxliT yovelgvari saeklesio nivTi, Tu Senawiri xeluxleblad unda debuliyo, aravis ar hqonda misi moxmarebis ufleba sxva raime saqmisaTvis, saeklesios garda. VII muxliT aikrZala eklesiis gareT naTliscema, jvriswera, monazvnis kurTxeva, gvirgvinis kurTxeva, mRvdel-monazvnis kurTxeva. VIII muxliT jvardawerilT imave dRes unda mieRoT ziareba, Tu uziareblobiT dasjilni ar iyvnen. IX muxliT meorejer jvriswera isjeboda moralurad, Tumca ki nebadarTuli iyo. X muxliT aikrZala uasako qal-vaJTa jvriswera, Tumca maT mSoblebs maTi daniSvnis neba miecaT. qals 12 wlamde aekrZala qorwineba. XI muxli qorepiskoposebis gamorCevas exeboda da adgenda, rom misi gamorCevis neba ara marto kaTalikoss, aramed episkopossac hqonda. igi SeiZleba yofiliyo rogorc mRvdeli, aseve diakonic. XII muxliT SeizRuda moZRvarTa ricxvi monasterSi (1-iT an 2-iT) magram ~moZRvarTmoZRvarma~ moipova ufleba, yofiliyo ~darbazis karis~ uwarCinebulesi wevri, misi Rirseba saxelmwifos mier sagangebod unda yofiliyo aRniSnuli darbazobisas. XIII muxliT aikrZala monastrebSi eriskacTa Sekreba, vaWroba, samoqalaqo da qveyniuri saqmeebis gadawyveta, Tu wesebis Sesruleba. XIV muxliT aikrZala erT sakurTxevelze erTsa da imave dros ramdenime wirvis dayeneba. did saepiskoposo an samonastro sakurTxevelze aikrZala erTi pirisaTvis sagangebo wirvis dayeneba. XV muxliT dadginda yofili monofizitebis sruli wesiT naTloba. XVI muxliT aikrZala marTlmadidebelis daqorwineba mwvalebelTan an warmmarTTan. XVII muxliT aikrZala imJamad gavrcelebuli jvrisweris aseTi saxe: sxvadasxva adgilas SeuRlebul qal-vaJs rom jvars ori mRvdeli werda. XVIII muxli sodomuri codvas exeboda. am usaSinlesma codvamo, naTqvamia aq, daamxo asurTa da sparsTa samefoebi, am codvam somexTa didi da saxelganTqmuli modgma da samefo daamcro, es sibilwe iyo erT-erTi mizezi romaelTa saxelmwifos dacemisac. kreba wuxs, rom mas CvenSic SemouRwevia: ~ar viciT, Tu rogor SemoaRwia am ukeTurebam qristes moRvawed saxeldebul erSi~. amisaTvis vamcnebT yvevlas - didsa damcires, mdidarsa da Raribs. mefesa da mTavars, aznaursa da mdabios, mRvdelsa da aramRvdels, mowesesa da eriskacs, moxucs, axalgazrdas da Suaxnis kacs, yvela Tanamdebobas, dass, jgufs, yvela asaks - ganudges am yvela vnebaze ufro saZagel sibilwes.. xorcis siyvaruli RvTis mtrobaa da vinc ganxrwnis RvTis taZars, mas RmerTi gaxrwnis-o, - acxadebs kreba. krebam sagangebo saqebeli epistoleTi mimarTa TviTmpyrobel mefe daviT aRmaSenebels: ~...moswons, Tu ara krebis es dadgenilebebi Sens myudroebas? moisvenebs da dacxreba amiT borotebis sulTa mdevneli daviTiani suli Seni?~ krebam adRegrZela da moixsenia mefeT-mefe giorgi, dedofali marTa, ~afxazTa da qarTvelTa, ranTa da kaxTa~ TviTmpyrobeli RvTismsaxuri da RmrTivdaculi daviT mefe, ioane mTavarepiskopos kaTalikosi - yovlisa saqarTveloisa mamamTavari, wmida beri evstaTi monazoni, krebis Tvalad cnobili mwignobarTuxucesi giorgi monazoni, krebaze

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damswre yvela mRvdelmTavari, gardacvlilTa sulebi.

mRvdeli

da

monazoni,

monazoni

arseni,

moixsenia

Tavi IX. Tamari - wmida keTilmsaxuri mefe daviT aRmaSenebelma Turq-seljukebi amierkavkasiidan gandevna, somxeTi da Sarvanis didi nawili gaaTavisufla da isini saqarTvelos saxelmwifos SemouerTa. am dros saqarTvelo gadafenili iyo ~nikofsiidan darubandis zRvamde da ovseTidgan... aregawamde~ (qarT. samarTlis Zeglebi t. II. 1965 gv. 9). didi qveyana daviTis anderZiT ~mamulisa~ da ~axlad mogebuli~ mxareebisagan Sedgeboda. daviT mefe ~galobani sinanulisan~-Si wers: ~SevhrTe saxli saxlsa da agaraki agaraksa, da uuZluresTa mivhxueWe nawili maTi da viRuwid umezoblosa, viTarmca martoi vmkvidrobdi queyanasa zeda~. qristiani mefis neba oradaa gayofili, erTi mxriv, rogorc saxelmwifo moRvawe, valdebulia saqarTvelos istoriuli miwa-wyali gaaerTianos, maSasadame, kaxeT-hereTis Tu lores samefoebi gaauqmos. meore mxriv is, rogorc qristiani grZnobs, rom amiT ~borotebas~ sCadis am xelaxla SemoerTebuli samefoebis mmarTveli ojaxebis (saxlebis) mimarT, amwarebs maT. mefe gansakuTrebiT wuxs, roca sust, uZlur ~mefeebs~ maT wil samefos arTmevs. unda iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos gaerTianebis Semdeg Tu daviT mefe mezobel qveynebs ar daiWerda, maSin am qveynebs Turqebi daeuflebodnen da misi samefos winaaRmdeg placdarmad aqcevdnen. Tamar mefes ki daviT aRmaSeneblis politika erTgvarad Seucvlia, gaTavisuflebuli qveynebi uSualod ki ar SemouerTebia Tavisi samefosaTvis, isini ymadnafic qveynebad uqcevia. amiT am qveynebis samefo ~saxlebisaTvis~ samefo uflebani SeunarCunebia, ufro metic, ~daglaxakebuli~ mefeebi gaumdidrebia. magram Tamaris moRvaweobis dasaxasiaTeblad mTavaria ara misi sagareo Tu saSinao politikuri miRwevebi, aramed misi saxelmwifos gasaocari humanuroba, romelic Tavis mxriv daviT aRmaSeneblis sulier memkvidreobas efuZneboda. Tamaris saqarTveloSi ~rjulTSemwynarebloba~ arsebobda, Turq-selCukebisgan gaTavisuflebul patara xalxebsa da damorCilebul qveynebs erovnul-administraciuli Tavisufleba eniWeboda. arsebobda mkacri sasjelebisa da sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebisken swrafva. daviTamde da Tamaramde, wina saukuneebSi, qarTveli eri TviTon iyo sxva erebis agresiis obieqti, misi mTliani Zalisxmeva im dros Tavisuflebis mopovebisa da gaerTianebisaken iyo mimarTuli, magram rogorc ki erTiani, kavkasiis masStabis uZlieresi saxelmwifo Seqmna, uari ganacxada sxvaTa dapyrobaze, gamoamJRavna udidesi Sinagani siTbo da siyvaruli, kacTmoyvareoba. es iyo Tamaris saxelmwifo politika, romelic, rogorc iTqva, daviTis humanizms efuZneboda. swored saocaria Sua saukuneebisaTvis amgvari qmedeba: xelmwife, romelsac SeuZlia sxvaTa miwebis miTviseba, uars ambobs amaze, anda inaniebs ~saxlis saxlze~ SerTvas. am kuTxiT Tu gadavxedavT Zveli msoflios saxelmwifoTa politikas, sul sxva suraTs davinaxavT. xelmwifeebi imiT amayobdnen, ramdeni qveyana daipyres, daangries, mospes. am TvalsazrisiT ara marto asureTis da urartus xelmwifeebi, aramed arc romisa da bizantiis imperatorebi iyvnen gamonaklisni, Turqul-sparsul saxelmwifoebze rom aRaraferi vTqvaT. TviT XIX s-is ~ganaTlebuli~ saxelmwifo moRvaweebic aseve iqceodnen. pavle cicianovi ruseTisadmi daumorCilebel erT Tems werda: ~...Tqven namdvilad fiqrobT, rom me qarTveli var da bedavT ase weras, me ruseTSi davibade da gavizarde, CemSi rusuli sulia, daicadeT Cems mosvlamde da maSin me Tqven saxl-kars ki ar dagiwvavT, Tqven dagwvavT da Tqvens col-Svils Signeulobas gamovRadrav...~ (T. papuaSvili, War-belaqani, 1972 w., gv. 119). diax, marTalia pavle cicianovi, roca Tavis Tavs araqarTvel politikur moRvawed miiCnevs, radganac qarTveli politikosisaTvis miuRebeli iyo msgavsi qmedebani ara marto saqarTvelos uZlurebis dros, aramed misi udidesi Zlierebis Jamsac. erTi Cveni moRvawe ambobda: ~eri Tavis namdvil saxes udidesi siZlieris dros amJRavnebs~. Tamaris politika qristianuli sarwmunoebis mier qadagebul kacTmoyvareobas efuZneboda. Tamaris am humanizms araqarTvelma xalxebma gasaocari siyvaruliT upasuxes. igi ara marto qarTvel ers, aramed kavkasiis (gansakuTrebiT mTianeTis, Crdilo kavkasiis) xalxebsac uyvarda. isini saukuneTa manZilze aqebdnen Tamars, uZRvnidnen leqsebs, simRerebs, legendebs, romlebSic Caqsovili iyo mxolod da mxolod siyvaruli misdami.

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Tamari adamianebis sayovelTao keTildReobisaTvis zrunavda; mis samefoSi didi simdidre dagrovda, magram es simdidre Raribebsac eZleoda - saxelmwifo Semosavlis meaTedi. dovlaTis am gadanawilebas mkacrad icavda da akontrolebda ndobiT aRWurvili zedamxedveli. aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTuli saxelmwifosaTvis Semosavlis meaTedis gadacema RaribebisaTvis daviT aRmaSeneblamdec tradiciuli iyo, magram Tamari, iseve rogorc daviT aRmaSenebeli, Raribebs ara marto saxelmwifo qonebas, aramed pirad qonebasac, Tavisi SromiT SeZenilsac unawilebda. sainteresoa, rom igi pirad qonebas samefo qonebisagan ganarCevda maSin, roca Cveulebriv, feodalur qveynebSi aseTi garCeva ar icodnen. mematianis sityviT, Tamarma sulieri simSvide sazogadoebaSic daamkvidra, mis dros maTraxis cemiTa da sxeulis nawilebis mokveTiT dasja aRkveTili iyo. Tamaris dros faqtiurad moispo sikvdiliT dasja, sikvdilis dasjis Rirsnic ki ar dausjiaT sikvdiliT, avazakTa garda. esec didi humanuri, win gadadgmuli nabijia im drois qveynebTan SedarebiT. rogorc iTqva, Tamarma Sarvani, darubandi da CrdiloeT kavkasiis tomebi saqarTvelos uSualod ki ar SemouerTa, aramed isini ymadnaficobis pirobiT daiWira. Tamaris mowyaleba da RvTismosaoba sayovelTaod iyo cnobili. ~aRavsna episkoposni da saydarni SesawirviTa, Tavisufal yvna eklesiani xarajisa da begarisagan~ (~qarTlis cxovreba~, II, gv. 34). Tamari didi mlocveli iyo. igi Tavisi xeliT da SromiT mopovebuls uyofda glaxakT. erTxel, locviTa da xelsaqmiT daRlil mefes CaeZina da ixila Cveneba, romlis Semdegac Tavisi xeliT Tormeti Sesamoseli moqsova mRvdelTaTvis. samefos gafarToebas, ayvaveba-gafurCqvnas, saxelsa da didebas Tamari siamayiT rodi aRuvsia: ~gana amas yovelTa zeda aRzevda guli Tamarisi, ganlaRna erTisaca warbisa aRebiTa! ara, nu iyofin? aramed ufrosad damdabldeboda winaSe RmrTisa mimadlebuli~ (~qarTlis cxovreba~, II, gv. 129). Tamars Tavis mosasveneblis maxloblad dabinavebuli hyolia xucesebi da monazvnebi, romelTac TviTon aWmevda, aZlevda mosaxmars, xolo uZlurebTan TviTonve midioda mosaxilvelad da nugeSis sacemad, TviTonve ugebda logins da umzadebda sawols (iqve, gv. 147). sasaxlis eklesiaSi wirvas veravin daakldeboda. ~wesi locvisa daukleblad aResrulebodes~... amitomac ~bWed jda Soris Tavisasa da mezobelTa mefeTa... meore solomon iqmna mefeTa Soris~. Tavi X. qarTuli eklesia XIII saukuneSi zogadi mimoxilva Tamaris droindeli ayvavebuli qveyana misi Svilebis mefobisas monRolebma daipyres. marTalia, 1242 wels dazavebis Semdeg monRolebma qarTuli saxelmwifoebrioba aRiares, magram qarTvelebs xarki daades. maT qveyana dumenebad dayves. 1248 wels, mas Semdeg, rac daviT narini (rusudanis Ze) da ulu daviTi - laSas Ze saqarTveloSi dabrundnen, dumenebi gauqmda. 1259 wels daviT narini ajanyda, 1260 wels - ulu daviTi. narini dasavleT saqarTveloSi mefed dajda da monRolebisagan Tavisufali qveynis meTauri gaxda, daviT ulu ki monRolebs daeqvemdebara. 1272 wels taxtze misi vaJi demetre II avida, romelic 1289 wels monRolebma sikvdiliT dasajes. monRolebma aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi gaamefes daviT narinis Ze - vaxtangi. igi male gardaicvala da mefed dajda demetres Ze daviT VIII, romelic monRolTa winaaRmdeg ganuwyvetlad awyobda ajanyebebs. amitom mis sicocxleSive gaamefes misi Zmebi: jer mcirewlovani giorgi, 1299 wels, xolo 1302 wlidan - vaxtangi. vaxtangi 1308 wels gardaicvala. daviT VIII ki - 1311 w. amis Semdeg taxtze daviT VIII-is Ze giorgi mcire aiyvanes, romelic 1314 w. gardaicvala. amave wlidan saqarTvelos mefea giorgi V brwyinvale - gamaTavisuflebeli da gamaerTianebeli saqarTvelosi. suli Tavdadebisa XIII s-is damdegidan Cingiz-xanis meTaurobiT monRolTa gaerTianebulma saxelmwifom msoflios mniSvnelovani nawili daipyro aziasa da evropaSi, daimorCila CrdiloeT CineTi, korea, Sua azia, irani, avRaneTi da sxva qveynebi. Cveni mematiane wers, rom monRolebi laSqrobdnen - ~didsa sayivCaReTsa zeda, ovseTs, xazareTs da ruseTs ~vidre bneleTamde~ (~qarTlis cxovreba~, II, gv. 163). ~bneleTs~ mematiane CrdiloeTis polarul zonas uwodebs. dasavleTiT isini miuaxlovdnen evropis centrebs - ~vidre bolRarT da serbeTamde~ (iqve, gv. 81).

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saocaria, magram faqtia, rom aseTma uZlieresma saxelmwifom ara mxolod saqarTvelos sruliad dapyroba, aramed qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis gauqmebac ki ver SeZlo. rac Seexeba dasavleT saqarTvelos, igi monRolebs arasodes daupyriaT, ris gamoc saqarTvelos samefo centri iq iqna gadatanili. monRolebis ZiriTadi Zalebis Semosevis dros saqarTvelos saxelmwifos saTaveSi rusudan mefe idga, romelsac ivane javaxiSvili gamoucdelsa da qveynis mesaWeobisaTvis gamosadegar pirovnebas uwodebs. imis magier, rom saqarTvelos mTavarsardals, avag mxargrZels mtris winaaRmdeg sruliad saqarTvelos ZalebiT ebrZola, man mterTan saidumlo molaparakeba gamarTa, riTac piradi qoneba gadaarCina, saqarTvelo ki daRupa. SeeZloT Tu ara saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da mTavarsardals ar SeewyvitaT brZola da monRolebs gamklavebodnen? uTuod SeeZloT. amaze miuTiTebs is, rom monRolebma, miuxedavad didi mondomebisa, dasavleT saqarTveloSi Sesvla erTxelac ver SeZles. monRolebma faqtiurad ubrZolvelad daimorCiles aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo aramarTlmadidebeli mxargrZelebis STamomavlebis saeWvo rwmenis mqone mandaturTuxuces SanSes, ivane aTabagis Zis - avag amirspasalaris, varam gagelisa da sxvaTa wyalobiT. aseT dros qarTulma eklesiam saWirod miiCnia Seweoda saqarTvelos damSvidebis saqmes. daaxloebiT 1242 wels ~rusudan mefem~ baTo-yaenTan volgispireTSi gagzavna arsen Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesi, romelmac moagvara monRolebTan zavis dadebis saqme. am zaviT monRolTa umaRlesi xelisufleba scnobda erTian, ganuyofel saqarTvelos saxelmwifos, qarTvel mefes, oRond aRmosavleT saqarTvelos garkveuli valdebuleba unda ekisra. dasavleT saqarTvelo ki, rogorc daupyrobeli mxare, am valdebulebisagan Tavisufali iyo, Tumca xarkis gadaxda mTel saqarTvelos daekisra. 1259 wels monRolebs TbilisSi mjdomi saqarTvelos ori mefidan erT-erTi, daviT narini, rusudanis Ze aujanyda da dasavleT saqarTveloSi gadavida. mefe imasac ki cdilobda, Tavisi gavlena trapizonis samefozec, lazebiT dasaxlebul Zvel qarTul mxarezec gaevrcelebina. ulu daviTsa da daviT narins Soris saqarTvelos samefos gayofis dros daviT narins Tbilisisa da sxva didi qalaqebisa da Semosavliani adgilebis naxevaric ergo, e.i. Tavisufali saqarTvelo aRmosavleTis nawilsac flobda. samwuxarod, monRolTa batonobis dros politikuri mmarTvelobis TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelo sam nawilad gaiyo: aRmosavleT, dasavleT da samxreT ~saqarTveloebad~, magram maT qarTuli eklesia aerTianebda. swored amitom am daSlis Jamsac qarTvelebs TavianTi qveynis sazRvrebad Zveleburadve nikofsia da darubandi hqondaT warmodgenili, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sazRvari ~TeTrwyalze~ (anu axsuze) gadioda (q. SamaxasTan, amJamindel azerbaijanSi) saidanac darubandamde anu kaspiis zRvamde mxolod 60-70 km-ia. es mdinare qarTvelTa eTnikuri gansaxlebis aRmosavleTi sazRvari iyo, ara marto monRolebis dros, aramed wina saukuneebSic. magaliTad, roca X s-is II naxevarSi kaxeTi da hereTi gaerTiandnen, es gaerTianeba vrceldeboda md. axsumde. am kuxTeSi qarTvelebi (herebi) mWidrod iyvnen dasaxlebuli, magram roca mis maxloblad monRolebma saZovrebi gaiCines, kuTxe mosaxleobisagan daicala, mcirericxovani qarTveloba gadagvarda. samxreTiT saqarTvelos sazRvari gadioda md. araqsze (raxsze). anisi da dvinic Zveleburad kvlav saqarTvelos qalaqebi iyo. taoc saqarTvelos ekuTvnoda. koxtasTavis SeTqmulTa Soris taoeli meamboxenic moixseniebian. mesxeTSi beqas mTavrobis dros saqarTvelos sazRvrebSi WaneTic Semodioda, romelic bizantiam daTmo. dasavleT saqarTvelos sazRvari Savi zRva iyo. monRolTa mZlavrobis usastikes saukuneSi qarTvelma xalxma SeinarCuna erovnuli sazRvrebi, saxelmwifoebrioba, eTnikuri erTobis grZnoba, maSin roca saqarTvelos mezobel qveynebs monRolebma eTnikuri saxec Seucvales. saqme is iyo, rom monRolebma ver SeZles saqarTveloSi Casaxleba, maSin roca maT saqarTvelos mezoblad mdebare rani, muRani, Sarvani da aseve somxeTis teritoriebi sazamTro da sazafxulo banakebad aqcies. monRolTa laSqars, romelic mTlianad cxenosani iyo, Tan axlda maTive dedawuli (ojaxebi). aseTi laSqris ubralo gadaadgileba ki xalxTa gadmosaxlebas ufro hgavda. sadac isini gaivlidnen an dabanakdebodnen, is adgilebi ukacrieldeboda, yanebi da baR-venaxebi maTi cxenebisa da aqlemebis floqvebiT iTeleboda (saq. ist. narkv. t. III gv. 582). saqarTvelos zogierTi sanapiro mxare mainc ver gadaurCa ganadgurebas. 1265 w. CrdiloeTidan berqa-yaenis SemoWris Semdeg iorisa da alaznis ayvavebuli soflebi moispo da didi xniT gaukacrielda. monRolTa sadgomis, ganZa-bardavi-muRanis siaxlove (~mezobloba~) gaxda imis mizezi, rom saqarTvelos aqauri sazRvrebi ufro mooxrda, vidre sxva adgilebi.

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miuxedavad amisa, qarTveli xalxi eTnikur gadagvarebas gadaurCa. Cveni mezobeli albanelebi, romelTac Turq-seljukebis Semosevis Sedegad eTnikuri saxe dakarges, monRolebis batonobis Jams srulebiT gaqrnen, xolo somxeTis umTavresi qalaqebidan ltolvili somxebi saqarTvelosa da sxva qveynebs afarebdnen Tavs. aRsaniSnavia, rom monRolTa mZlavrobas qarTvelma xalxma maRali qristianuli moraliT, urTierTsiyvaruliT, urTierTgataniT, TavdadebiT upasuxa. mravalma qarTvelma dado suli moyvasisa da samSoblos gadasarCenad. Tavs debda ara marto rigiTi qarTveli - mefisa da mamulisaTvis, aramed mefec eris gadasarCenad. SeiZleba vinmem ifiqros, qarTvelebi Tavs mxolod sarwmunoebrivi mosazrebiT debdnen da am Tavdadebis sanacvlod qristesagan moelodnen sulis cxonebaso. cxadia, asec iyo, oRond monRolTa batonobis dasasruls. saqarTveloSi Semosvlisas ki monRolebi qristianebs ar aviwroebdnen (monRolebi jer kidev ar iyvnen mahmadianebi). amitom sarwmunoebisaTvis Tavdadeba SemdegSi gaxda saWiro. islami mxolod yazan-yaenis (12951304) dros gamocxadda saxelmwifo religiad. sainteresoa, rom monRolebs qristianTa devna sparsel mahmadianTa waqezebiT dauwyiaT. sayovelTaod cnobilia demetre II-is Tavdadeba erisaTvis. mefe Tavisi fexiT wavida urdoSi, sadac daapatimres. sasikvdilo sasjelis molodinSi saSualeba mieca urdodan gaparvisa. erTgulebma urCies: aha, Seni Tavi Sens xelSia, RamiT waiyvane morbedi cxenebi da wadi, ganSordi amaT, rameTu ar arsebobs Seni sulis nacvalio. maSin mefem keTilismyofelebs uTxra: ~ismineT Cemi, rameTu Tavidanve vicodi, rom sikvdili meloda, magram davde Tavi Cemi da suli Cemi erisTvis. axla Tu gaviparebi, ubralo ers moaoxreben da ra sikeTe iqneba CemTvis yoveli sofeli SeviZino da suli warviwymido~ (~qarTlis cxovreba~, II. gv. 290). qarTveli mematiane monRolebs xSirad kargad axasiaTebs. marTlac monRolebs aRmoaCndaT is unari, rac ar gaaCndaT saqarTvelos sxva mtrebs. kerZod, monRolebs ar uyvardaT cru da orguli adamianebi. amitom maT garkveuli simpaTiebi gasCeniaT qarTvelTa mimarT, romelnic Turme gansxvavebiT sxvaTagan - uRalatoni da erTgulni yofilan. monRolTa erT did yaens sagangebo mociqulebi gaugzavnia dapyrobil qveynebSi am qveyanaTa gasacnobad (dapyrobaTa epoqis dasawyisSi). maT yaenisaTvis ucnobebiaT, rom qarTvelebs aqvT ~sjuli keTili da tyuilsa eltvian da mwamvleli arcTu saxel-idebis maT Soris~ (gv. 196). sparselTa Sesaxeb ki moaxsenes - ~arian sparsni cru, moRalate, ficis arSemnaxveli da mravalni ipovebian mwamvlelni~. Cveni mematianis azriT, qarTvelebma monRolTa batonobis dros TavianTi saxelmwifoebrioba, mefoba, qarTuli samefos sazRvrebis faqtiurad xelSeuxebloba TavianTi maRali adamianuri TvisebebiT SeinarCunes, romelTa dafasebis unari monRolebsac aRmoaCndaT. swored Tavdadebisa da urTierTsiyvarulis gamo gadaarCina deda RmrTismSobelma qarTvelTa laSqari alamuTis (auRebeli cixesimagre, romelic monRolebma didi brZolis Semdeg 1256 w. aiRes) brZolebis dros, roca erTma mulidma CaRata noini mokla da es mkvleloba qarTvelebs braldeboda. mematiane qarTvelTa Tavganwirvis uamrav SemTxvevas aRwers: magaliTad, Tavdadebas ivane axalcixelis Zis daviTisas, romelic rusudan mefis mier monRolTa yaenTan gagzavnil saqarTvelos amirspasalars avags axlda Tan, mesxeTis mTavris sargis cixisjvrelisas, saqarTvelos mefis - ulu daviTis gadasarCenad (1264 w.) rom Tavi dasdo. msgavs TavdadebaTa ricxvs miekuTvneboda cotne dadianis gmirobac (1246 w.). monRolTa Semosvlisas, marTalia, saqarTvelos mTavrobam ususurobis gamo seriozuli winaaRmdegobis gaweva ver moaxerxa, magram erma Sinagani maRalsulierebiT saqarTvelos gadarCena da monRolTa batonobis uRlis gadagdeba SedarebiT mokle droSi SeZlo. monRolebi aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi 100 weli batonobdnen, ruseTSi 300 weli, Tanac dasavleT saqarTvelo daupyrobeli darCaT. rac mTavaria, ar moxda monRol-qarTvelTa urTierTSereva da qarTveloba ucxo xalxSi ar gaiTqvifa, roca sxva erebs monRolebma TavianTi eTnikuri saxe (monRoloiduri) misces, rasobrivad am xalxebs TavianTi niSani daades. erTguleba da siyvaruli ZvelqarTuli Tvisebaa, magram isic unda aRiniSnos, rom qarTvelebs erTmaneTis mimarT Suri da mtrobac hqondaT. SurdaT gansakuTrebiT gamorCeuli adamianebisa. Suri mtrobas badebda, rac gamoCenil qarTvelebs erTmaneTs aSorebda. qarTvelTa es Tviseba monRolebsac SeumCneviaT - ~Tqven, qarTvelni ara keTils uyofT mxned mbrZolTa wyobaTa Sina~ (~qarTlis cxovreba~, II, gv. 250).

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am nakls TviTon qarTvelebic kargad grZnobdnen: ~Cven urTierTs daumorCilebel varT~ (gv. 218). etyoba, es Tvisebac iyo erT-erTi ZiriTadi mizezi imisa, rom monRolTa winaaRmdeg erTiani qarTuli fronti ver Seikra, qarTveli warCinebulebi ver gaerTiandnen monRolebis winaaRmdeg. manamde, 1225 wels, xvarazmSa jalaledinis Semosevisas rusudanma qarTvelTa laSqars ivane aTabagi usardla. SebrZoleba saqarTvelos samxreTiT sofel garnisTan (amJamindel somxeTSi) moxda. qarTvelTa laSqari damarcxda da marcxis mizezi urTierTSuri da mtroba iyo. am omSi qarTvelTa laSqarSi mewinaveni mesxebi iyvnen Salva da ivane axalcixelebis meTaurobiT. wesiT mTavarsardals damxmare Zala unda moeSvelebina qarTveli winambrZolebisaTvis, magram ivane aTabagma araferi iRona. ivane axalcixeli am omSi daiRupa, xolo Salva tyved Caigdes. tyveobaSi igi mowameobrivad aResrula. mematiane ambobs, rom saqarTvelos dacemasa da ganadgurebas (jer xvarazmelebis, Semdeg ki monRolebis mier) safuZveli swored am omSi damarcxebiT daedo. garnisis omSi qarTvelTa laSqars faqtiurad arc uomia garda mcirericxovani nawilisa, romelic axalcixelebis meTaurobiT mtris uzarmazari laSqris winaSe marto aRmoCnda, da rac yvelaze gasaocaria, mtrebis damarcxebis Semdeg ivane aTabagi urcxvad ukuiqca da sadRac cixeSi Caiketa. Semdeg mterma Tbilisic aiRo, sadac xvarazmelebma daxoces is 100000 qristiani, romelTac sarwmunoebis Secvlaze uari Tqves da mowameobrivi gvirgvini daidges. erTmaneTis qiSpiT daqanculi warCinebulebis gaerTianeba rusudan mefem ver SeZlo. amitomac monRolebma advilad aiRes saqarTvelo. ivane aTabagis Suri, Ralati Tu uunaroba aSkarad gamoCnda garnisis omSi da am Surma sruliad saqarTvelo mospo ulmoblado, - ambobs mematiane. mandaturTuxucesma SanSemac mxolod Tavis pirad sagamgebloze (anisze) izruna. monRolebs varam gagelic dauzavda, saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebi ki sastikad irboeda. male es kuTxeebic iZulebiT ~miendvnen TaTarTa... xolo mesxni saTnoebisaTvis mefisa rusudanisa, ara miendvnes~. maSin roca mxargrZelebi mudam mterTan kompromiss eZiebdnen, jayelebi mefisadmi erTgulebas iCendnen. saqarTvelos ganadgurebas, SinaaSlilobis garda xeli misma geografiulma mdebareobamac Seuwyo. igi erTmaneTisadmi samkvdro-sasicocxlod gadakidebul monRolTa or urdos Soris (CrdiloeT da samxreTi urdoebi) aRmoCnda. CrdiloeTis oqros urdo samxreTis teritoriebis dakavebas cdilobda. samxreTSi ki iranis teritoriaze Camoyalibda ilxanTa sayaeno, romelmac Tavis politikur-administraciul centrad dRevandeli azerbaijani aqcia. kavkasionis gadmosasvlelebi, darialisa da nawilobriv darubandis karebi qarTvelTa xelSi iyo, amitomac urdoTa Soris atexili qiSpiT pirvel rigSi swored qarTvelebi zaraldebodnen. 1264 wels ulu daviTi dasjisagan ixsna cnobam imis Sesaxeb, rom oqros urdos yaeni ilxanTa samflobeloSi Sesasvlelad daiZra. ilxanTa hulagu-yaenma qarTveli mefe imis SiSiT gaaTavisufla, vaiTu ukmayofilo qarTvelebma oqros urdos yaens darialis Semosasvleli dauTmono. swored am garemoebis gamo Semoiyvanes monRolebma da TaTrebma (aq Temurlengic igulisxmeba) saqarTveloSi osebi. saqarTveloSi osebi darubandis gziT Semovidnen da zogierTi mdinaris xeobaSi damkvidrdnen. pirvelad - saqarTvelos mTaSi osebi Salva qvenifnevelis Ralatis Semdgom gaCndnen. am moRalatem monRolebi, romelTa jarSic qarTvelebica da osebic Sediodnen, mTaSi aiyvana, magram saqarTvelos mTianeTSi osebis pirveli talRa ZiriTadad Temurlengma daasaxla. uZvelesi droidanve am gadmosasvlelebze - nar-mamisonidan darialamde cxovrobda qarTuli tomi dvalebi, romelTac qarTuli ena da kultura, yofa-cxovreba da Cvevebi hqondaT. amitom isini mudam saqarTvelos mefis erTgulni da morCilni iyvnen. Temurlengma gadawyvita dvaleTSi Tavisi erTguli da amave dros oqros urdos dauZinebeli mteri - osebis tomi daesaxlebina. XIV s-is damdegisaTvis ilxanTa monRolebma yazan-yaenis dros mahmadianoba miiRes. marto pirvel dRes 200000 monRoli moeqca islamze male ~TaTari~ ara monRolis, aramed mahmadianis sinonimad iqca. deda RmrTismSobeli - Semwe qarTvelTa mematianis SefasebiT Ze Tamarisa, mefe saqarTvelosi giorgi laSa ~iyo yovelTa mefeTa umetes uxvi da aravisTvis moSurne, mlocveli, mmarxveli da ganmkiTxavi da mow-

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yale~ (~qarTlis cxovreba~, II, gv. 154), magram aseTi yofila is mxolod garkveul dromde, Semdeg ki mxne, axovani da Zlieri mefe laRi, ampartavani, Tavxedi da TviTbuneba gaxda (gv. 156). mefe laSa giorgis xasiaTis Secvlis mizzi yofila midreka codvebisaken: ~nayrovaneba~, ~msmurTa Tana midreka~, ~dedaTa uwesoTa Tana aRreva~, rac sazogadod, qarTvel mefeTa saxlisaTvis ucxo iyo. ratom aqcevs mematiane gansakuTrebul yuradRebas laSa giorgis codvebs? imitom, rom isini saukuneTa manZilze saqarTvelos ubedurebis sababad qceula. laSas ukanono Ze - daviTi monRolebma gaamefes. Tavis mxriv rusudan mefemac ukanonod gaamefa Tavisi vaJi. aman saqarTveloSi ormefoba gamoiwvia, rasac qveynis gayofa da mravali, eniT auwereli ubedureba mohyva. Sedegad laSa giorgis codva saukuneTa manZilze mTelma erma miiRo. swored amas Wvretda winaswar eklesia da amitomac mouwodebda mefes - moeSala siaveni. ukanonobam ukanonoba dabada, uwesobam - uwesoba. erTxel kaxeTis sofelSi, veliscixeSi, mefem ixila mSvenieri qmriani qali, romelmac goneba daakargvina. colad daisva da didad Seiyvara. misgan mefes Ze - daviTi SeeZina, romelsac mematiane ~didTa gansacdelTa mefes~ uwodebs. laSa giorgim ar ineba kanonieri colis moyvana, ar Seismina arc kaTalikosis, arc episkoposTa da arc vezirTa Txovna, amitomac waarTves es qali, daviTis deda da Tavissave qmars daubrunes. samwuxarod mefem arc amis Semdeg iqorwina da arc boroti Cvevebi moiSala. mware bedi ergo daviTs, laSas Zes. mamam igi gardacvalebis win, Tavis das rusudans, Caabara aRsazrdelad da SemdgomSi gasamefeblad, magram laSas Semdeg didebulebma rusudani gaamefes. dedofalma ki taxtze Tavisi Zis, daviTis gamefeba da Zmiswulis moSoreba ganizraxa. amitom gagzavna igi Tavis asulTan, rumis sulTnis meuRlesTan. rusudanma ~daiviwya SiSi RmerTisa da anderZi Zmisa~, saSineli cili daswama daviTs. amis gamo sulTanma Seipyro daviTi, jer sastikad awama, xolo Semdeg menaveebs Caabara da misi zRvaSi gadagdeba ubrZana. daviTma am gansacdelis win RmrTismSoblis xatis win iloca, romelsac mudam Tan atarebda. zRvaSi gadagdebuli daviTi gamoiriya napirze, sadac erTma vaWarma ipova, magram es ambavi, male gamJRavnda. sulTanma isev Seipyro da did mSral WaSi Caagdo, romelSic Sxamiani gvelebi budobdnen. daviTs Tan hqonda RmrTismSoblis xati, romelmac isev daicva igi. ase gagrZelda Svidi weli. saqarTvelo umefod darCa. Seikribnen didebulebi da gadawyvites, daviT laSas Ze moeZebnaT. monRolebmac neba darTes. ZlivsRa sunTqavda, Widan rom amoiyvanes. sulTans mefiswuli Seebrala, ganbana, pativi sca da saqarTveloSi gamouSva. daviT ulu mefobis dasamtkiceblad monRoleTSi gagzavnes. baTo-yaenma igi mefed daamtkica da didi pativiT saqarTveloSi warmogzavna. ajanyebis Semdeg urdoSi misvlisas mefe sikvdils eloda da RmerTsa da metexis yovladwmida RmrTismSobels, romelzec mindobili iyo, gadarCenas mxurvaled evedreboda. marTlac daviT ulu saqarTveloSi mSvidobianad dabrunda. mefe daviTis sibaze1 *1 siba - saqarTvelos saxelmwfios sazRvris ukiduresi nawili md. TeTrwyalTan, anu axsusTan.* wasvlis win misi pirmSo - giorgi, muclis tkiviliT (tifiT) daavadda da seni ise gauZlierda, TiTqmis mkvdars daemsgavsa. am mwuxarebis Jams mefes dmanisis RmrTismSobeli gaaxsenda da mis mosalocad wavida. mlocvelebi fexSiSvelni miyvebodnen da dedaRvTisas bavSvis gadarCenas mxurvale cremliT evedrebodnen. Seismina maTi vedreba RmrTismSobelma da avadmyofi gamomjobinda. TviT mefe, sibaze tifiT dasneulda, radgan misi gankurneba ver SeZles, sakaciT wamoiyvanes. mefe martyofis xelTuqmnel xats cremliT Seevedra da ganikurna. lamis mTeli cxovreba ase gaatara, magram siberis Jams samwuxarod saepiskoposo saydrebis (kaTedrebis) moSla daiwyo; aseve moepyro monastrebsac. amitomac sibaze kvlav dasneulebul mefes martyofis xelTuqmnelma xatma Svela. ivane aTabagis Suris gamo tyved Cavardnili Salva axalcixeli jalaledinma maSinve rodi mokla. TavisTan daitova, didi pativiT epyroboda da tkbili sityviT cdilobda, Salvas sjuli daetovebina, magram ver gadaibira. mravali tanjvis Semdeg Salva axalcixeli mowameobrivi sikvdiliT aResrula da wmindanis gvirgvini xvda wilad. jalaledinis laSqari gars Semoadga Tbiliss. Tbiliselma sparselebma mters kari gauRes da qalaqi omis asparezad iqca. mteri uwyalod musravda Tbiliselebs. sulTanma sionis gumbaTi moaxsnevina da bilwi dasajdomeli aaSenebina. sionis xatebi macxovrisa da RmrTismSoblisa xidis TavTan daadebina da brZana, Sepyrobil qristianebs fexiT gadaevloT maTze. vinc uars ityoda, iqve moeklaT. moklulTa ricxvma

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100000-s miaRwia. ~aqa brwyinvale Zleva aCvenes qarTvelTa da mravalni wamebis dadebiTa ididnes~. Tavis mxriv arc ufalma miatova Tavisi samwyso - qarTveli eri da mas am gasaWirSi mravalgzis Seewia. cnobilia, rom alamuTis cixis aReba monRolebs gauWirdaT da brZola, romelSic qarTvelTa jaric monawileobda, 7 wels gagrZelda. alamuTis mepatrone mulidebi anu asasinebi cnobili iyvnen rogorc kacis miparviT mkvlelni. erTxelac erTma mulidma monRolTa noiniCaRata mokla. monRolebma misi sikvdili qarTvelebs daabrales da maTken daiZrnen. qarTvelTa warCinebulebma Seibrales qarTveli molaSqreni: maT gadawyvites, ar SebrZolebodnen monRolebs: Tu ar SevebrZolebiT, marto Cven, warCinebulebs dagvxocaven da qarTvelebis umravlesoba amiT gadarCeba, xolo Tu SevebrZolebiT - yvelas amogvxocaveno. uklebliv yvela qarTvelma sam-samjer moidrika muxli da RmrTismSobels Seevedra: ~mowyalebisa kari gangvaRe kurTxeulo RvTismSobelo, raTa romeli ese Sen gesavT ara davecneT, aramed ganverneT winaaRmdegobaTa mterTagan~. Seibrala yovladwmidam qarTvelTa laSqari da mkvlels danaSauli aRiarebina. ufali mudam icavda qarTvelobas, magram TviT qarTvelebSi gamravlda codvebi. samwuxarod, bolos saepiskoposoebisa da monastrebis qonebis xelyofac ki ikadres, risTvisac daisajnen. vnebis kviris oTxSabaTs mZafri miwisZvra moxda, rac mTeli kvira gagrZelda. TviT aRdgomis dResac ki miwa SeiZra, gaipo da Savma wyalma amoxeTqa. awyuris taZari daiqca, gumbaTi Camovarda da awyuris yovladwmida RvTismSoblis xats, rogorc qudi ise daexura. xati uvneblad gadarCa. am miwisZvram mTel saqarTveloSi uamravi suli gawyvita. mefe demetrem, warmarT monRolTa msgavsad sami coli moiyvana. basili monazonma mefis uweso qorwinebani amxila, magram uSedegod. maSin man mefes yovladwmida RmrTismSoblis ZaliT uwinaswarmetyvela, rom Tuki ar Seismenda da codvas ar ganeyeneboda, mefoba CamoerTmeoda, xolo misi Svilebi ganibneodnen. yovelives miuxedavad mefe demetre siyvaruliT icavda Tavis xalxsa da qveyanas, sabolood ki Tavi dasdo erisaTvis, is mowameobrivad mokles. demetre mefis damsjeli yaeni arRuni ramdenime wlis Semdeg avadmyofobiT dauZlurebuli imave dRes (12 marts) da imave saaTze daaxrCves, roca mefe demetres mohkveTes Tavi. didi gasaWiris Jamsac qarTvel xalxs RmerTi mudam amarjvebinebda. Tavi XI. qarTuli eklesia XIV saukuneSi mefe giorgi brwyinvale giorgi brwyinvalem (1314-1346), sruliad saqarTvelos mefem, Tavisi skiptris qveS mTeli saqarTvelo Semoikriba. pirvel rigSi mesxeTi (samcxe-klarjeTi) Semoimtkica (monRolTa TanxmobiT), Semdeg qveynis sazRvrebidan osebi gaaZeva, romelTac adgil-adgil dabebi da cixeebi eWiraT. am dros osebs monRolebi ise aRar umagrebdnen zurgs, rogorc wina mefeebis dros. monRoli xelisufalni giorgi mefisadmi kargad iyvnen ganwyobilni. giorgi mefemac kavkasiis uReltexilebi TviTon daiWira da kavkasiaSi yovelni mowinaaRmdegeni Semusra. amiT osebs qarTlSi Semosasvleli gzebi moeWraT da qveyanam maTgan moisvena. osebis qarTlidan gaZeveba monRolTa batonobis gadagdebis niSanic iyo. male TviTon monRol xelisufalTa Soris sastiki omebi daiwyo, maTi saxelmwifos erToba moispo da qveyana daiSala. amiT saswrafod isargebla mefe giorgim da saqarTvelo monRolTa batonobisagan gaaTavisufla. es faqti saqarTvelos saxelmwifos Zlierebazec miuTiTebs, radgan sxva qveynebSi monRolebi amis Semdegac kvlav didxans batonobdnen. male giorgi mefem saqarTvelos misi dasavleTi nawilic SemouerTa, sadac monRolebi ver batonobdnen. manamde viTomda ~sadarbazod~ is erisTavebi Sekriba, romlebic miznad mefis xelisuflebis damxobas isaxavdnen, risTvisac maT mxars uWerdnen monRolebi, da yvelani daxoca. es moxda ~civsa zeda hereTisasa~. gaZlierebulma giorgi mefem ineba, saqarTvelo Zvel sazRvrebSi - nikofsiidan darubandamde aRedgina. man jer darubandis mimarTulebiT Semoimtkica rani, ris Semdeg dasavleT saqarTvelos Semomtkiceba gadawyvita. iqaur mosaxleobas moeTaTbira, ~ezraxa imerTao~, wers mematiane. mosaxleoba mefis ganzraxvas sixaruliT Seegeba. vaxuStis mixedviT es ambavi 1330 wels momxdara. aRmosavleTis (darubandi) da dasavleTis (nikofsia) sazRvrebis Semomtkicebis Semdeg mefem CrdiloeTis sazRvrebis ganmtkicebazec izruna. amis Semdeg rani, movakani, somxeTi kidev ufro metad Semoimtkica.

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giorgi brwyinvales uyuradRebod arc saeklesio saqmeebi dautovebia. Sekriba qarTlisa da afxazeTis kaTalikosebi, episkoposebi sruliad saqarTvelosi da Sesabamisi dadgenilebani miaRebina. krebis monawileebma ~ganaaxles wesni... da uwesurni ganhkveTnes~. mefe giorgim daSlili saqarTvelo kvlav gaaerTiana da msgavsad daviT aRmaSeneblisa, aRavso da aRaSena, dangreuli da mooxrebuli eklesiebi ganaaxla da gananaTla, rani, movakani, Sarvani Tavis moxarkeebad aqcia. yvela mteri, sadac umjobesi iyo brZoliT da ZaliT, xolo sadac sjobda, sibrZne-gonierebiTa da mecnierebiT daimorCila da daamSvida. giorgi brwyinvale keTili mefobiT mefobda 28 weli. igi TbilisSi gardaicvala 1346 wels. giorgi mefem Tavisi avtoriteti qarTuli eklesiis uflebebis aRsadgenadac gamoiyena, rac ierusalimSi qarTuli eklesiis uflebebis dacviT gamoixata. am dros ierusalimisa da maxlobeli aRmosavleTis wminda adgilebi egviptis sulTnebis xelSi iyo. arada ukve XII s-idan mTavar salocav adgilebs qarTvelebi flobdnen. daviT aRmaSenebelma sinis mTis is mwvervalic ki daikava, sadac Zveli aRTqmis mixedviT moses RmerTi gamoecxada. saqarTvelos politikuri Zlierebis SeryevisTanave qarTvelebis mdgomareoba palestinaSic Seirya. ierusalimis jvris monastridan (romelic proxores TaosnobiT iyo agebuli) qarTveli berebi me-13 s-is 60-70-ian wlebSi mahmadianebma gaaZeves da taZari mizgiTad aqcies. rogorc mkvlevarni varaudoben, 1305 wels qarTvelebma mefe daviT VIIIs (1293-1311) meSveobiT, marTalia, ~sarkinozTagan~ (mamluqebisagan) jvris monastris ganTavisufleba SeZles, magram sazrunavi bevri rCeboda. magaliTad, qristes aRdgomis eklesia, golgoTa da qristes saflavi (erTi samonastro kompleqsia) kvlav egviptelebs epyraT. giorgi mefes orjer gaugzavnia elCebi egviptis sulTanTan - 1316 da 1320 wlebSi didi ZRveniT. sulTanma sixaruliT miiRo maTgan gamosasyidi Tanxa - ~ZRveni~ da qarTvelebs ~miscna kliteni ierusalimisani~. 1331-41 wlebSi ierusalimSi myofi ucxoeli mogzauri aRniSnavs, qristes saflavis salocavis gasaRebi qarTvelebis xelSia da kenWsac ki aravis aZleven am saflavidano. qristes saflavis eklesiis gasaRebi qarTvelTa xelSi XV s-is Sua wlebamde yofila, sanam igi franciskanelebma ar CamoarTves.* *qristes saflavis mcire eklesia ierusalimSi aRdgomis eklesiis kompleqsSia moqceuli. qristes saflavis eklesiaze yovel aRdgomas zecidan gadmodis cecxli, romelsac amJamad ierusalimis patriarqi iRebs. XV s-mde ki mas qarTveli mRvdelmTavari iRebda. roca XVI s-Si somxebma aRdgomis taZridan qarTveli mRvdelmTavari gamoaZeves da taZars TviTon daepatronen, zeciuri cecxli gadmovida ara qristes saflavis eklesiaSi, aramed aRdg omis taZris Sesasvleli karibWis svetidan. amJamadac es sveti oradaa gapobili. am gapobil svetze mravali qarTuli warweraa mlocvelebisa. erT-erTi warwera aseTia grafikulad gamosaxuli: ~qriste Seiwyale giorgi~. qarTveli mRvdelmTavris gamoZevebis Semdeg, roca qarTvelebs CamoarTves aRdgomis taZrisa da qristes saflavis eklesiis kliteebi, cecxli gadmovida karibWis svetidan iq, sadac idga taZridan gamoZevebuli qarTveli episkoposi. zeciur cecxls amJamadac isev marTlmadideblebi iReben, kerZod, ierusalimis patriarqi, radganac qristes saflavis eklesia mis iurisdiqciaSia.* ierusalimSi am dros Seiqmna originaluri qarTuli Txzulebani - luka ierusalimelisa da nikoloz dvalis martvilobani, Sedga krebulebi, Segrovda xelnawerebi. XIV s-Si qarTvelebs petriwonis monasteric mtkiced epyraT. im dros iq jer kidev iyo qarTulenovani saswavlebeli - seminaria. giorgi brwyinvalem aRadgina saqarTvelos saxelmwifos gavlena trapizonis sakeisroSi, aRorZinebulma erTianma saqarTvelom kidev saukunenaxevari iarseba Cvidmetwliani samamulo omi Temurlengis Semosevamde saqarTvelo SedarebiT mSvidad da dawynarebiT cxovrobda; qveyana erTiani da Tavisufali iyo. qarTuli saxelmwifo faqtiurad mTel amierkavkasias moicavda. aRmosavleTis sazRvari md. TeTrwyalze gadioda, dasavleTis sazRvari ki Sav zRvas miuyveboda, aRmosavleTiT rani, yarabaRi da Sirvani lekebiTurT saqarTvelos moxarkeni iyvnen, aseve osebic da durZuk-xunZnic, xolo trapizonis samefo da Saharmenis sasulTano Zveleburad misi gavlenis sferoebad rCebodnen.

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ase iyo ara marto giorgi brwyinvalis dros, aramed misi memkvidreebis, saqarTvelos mefeebis daviT IX-isa (1346-1360) da bagrat V-is drosac. swored bagrat V-is samefos Semoesia Temurlengi. marTalia, TiTqmis mTeli kavkasia saqarTvelos gavlenis qveS iyo, magram is Temuris saxelmwifosTan SedarebiT mainc umniSvnelo qveyana gaxldaT. Temurlengma xangrZlivi dapyrobiTi omebis Sedegad uzarmazari saxelmwifo Seqmna, romelic aRmosavleTiT CineTis did kedlamde iyo gadaWimuli, CrdiloeTiT centralur ruseTamde, dasavleTiT - xmelTaSua zRvamde da egviptemde. miuxedavad amisa, Temurlengs saqarTvelos winaRmdeg brZola gauWirda da misi dapyroba faqtiurad verc SeZlo, Tumca ki sastikad gaanadgura. sabolood mravalwliani omi am or saxelmwifos Soris zaviT damTavrda. 1386-1403 wlebSi Temurlengi saqarTvelos rvajer Semoesia. qarTvelebi zogjer daufiqrebel nabijs dgamdnen, Temuris mier dapyrobil qveynebSic iWrebodnen da missave mtrebs daxmarebas uwevdnen (alanjis cixis aReba, naxiWevanis sanaxebis darbeva, iqidan gamoqceuli Temuris mosisxle ufliswulis taheris dafarva). qarTvelebma Temurlengis mosisxle oqros urdos ramdenjerme gauxsnes kavkasiis gadmosasvlelebi, riTac sastikad ganarisxes mtarvali. Tavdapirvelad Temurs dazavebac mouwadinebia qarTvelTa mefesTan, magram qarTvelTa mefe gvian daTanxmebia, ris Sedegadac mxolod saqarTvelo dazaralda. amis gamo imdroindel erT ZeglSi daculi anderZi giorgi VIIs wyevla-krulviT ixseniebs. monRolTa Semosevebis Semdeg iavarqmnil da daSlil-danawevrebul saqarTveloSi XIV- XV da XVI ss-Si saistorio Tzulebani aRar iwereboda, Seqmnili viTarebiT daTrgunvili mwignobarni aRar aanalizebdnen eris cxovrebas. amis Sedegad Semdgomi TaobebisaTvis TiTqmis ucnobi darCa is eTnikuri cvlilebebi, rac Crdilo kavkasiaSi moxda. aq ki Temurlengis Semosevebamde saxlobdnen qarTveli tomebi, kerZod, dasavleTi imierkavkasia, is teritoria, romelsac Semdeg CerqezeTi ewoda, svanebiTa da raWvelebiT, e.i. qarTulenovani xalxiT iyo dasaxlebuli. maTze imJamad batonobda iranulskviTurenovani xalxi - alanebi. arsebobda alaniis samefoc, ara amJamindel Crdilo oseTSi, aramed ufro dasavleTiT, afxazeTis mezoblad, iq, sadac axla yaraCai-CerqezeTis respublika mdebareobs. axlandeli Crdilo oseTi ki qarTveli tomebiT - dvalebiT da durZukebiT iyo dasaxlebuli. Tanamedrove CeCneT-daRestanSic qarTveluri xalxebi saxlobdnen, romelTac lekebi da didoelebi erqvaT. yvelgan am mxareebSi qarTulenovani wirva-locva aRevlineboda, kulturisa da urTierTobis ena qarTuli iyo. es dasturdeba epigrafikuli masalebiTac. daRestanSi qarTul eklesiaSi Semavali xunZeTis sakaTalikosoc ki arsebobda. am mxares ~kaxeTis mTiuleTi~ ewodeboda. viTareba Seicvala monRolebisa da gansakuTrebiT Temurlengis Semosevebis Semdeg. XIII s-is damdegs TaTar-monRolebma gaanadgures alaniis samefo. ltolvili osebi Semoixiznen kavkasiis mTebSi, maT TandaTanobiT daipyres dvaleTi. qarTulenovani qristiani dvalebi daimorCiles da gaaoses. amis Sesaxeb vrclad mogviTxrobs vaxuSti bagrationi. Temurlengma yofili alaniis samefos teritoriaze Camoasaxla axali eTnosi Cerqezebi anu adiRe xalxi. am xalxis nawilia yabardoelebi. etyoba, Cerqezebi Temurlengs ural-eniseis auzidan Camousaxlebia, radgan Tanamedrove enaTmecnierlingvistebi adiRe-Cerqezul enebs akuTvneben ~sinur-eniseur~ enaTa jgufs. TaTarmonRolebma Tanamedrove CeCneTsa da daRestanSic Camoasaxles hunebi da avarebi - stepebisa Tu kaspiispira regionebis mosaxleoba, daimorCiles Tanamedrove CeCnebisa da daRestnelebis winaprebi, moaxdines maTi asimilacia da TandaTanobiT Camoyalibda Tanamedrove CeCnuri da daRestnuri enebi, qarTuli ena ki daviwyebuli iqna, qarTuli kultura musulmaenuriT Seicvala. saqarTvelos didi kedeli, romelic manamde qarTvel ers icavda, moiSala da mis adgilze aRmocenebuli tomobrivi gaerTianebebi saqarTvelos uborotes mtrebad iqcnen. XIII-XIV ss-Si Crdilo kavkasiis eTnosi Seicvala. Tavi XII. qveynis saerTo mdgomareoba da qarTuli eklesia XV saukuneSi 1403 wels Temurlengma zavi dado saqarTvelos mefesTan. mteri iZulebuli gaxda, qarTuli qristianuli saxelmwifos arseboba ecno. 1405 wels Temurlengi gardaicvala. mtris urdoebis wasvlisTanave mefe giorgi VII-m qveyana gawminda momxdurTa naSTebisgan, amasTanave samxedro moqmedeba qveynis gareT gadaitana. ilaSqra naxiWevansa da ganjaSi, ansa da azrumSi. igi misula Tavrizamde, riTac didad SeuZrwunebia musulmanebi. 1407 wels giorgi mefe brZolis velze daiRupa. taxtze misi Zma konstantine avida,

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romelic aseve brZolis velze mokles SirvanSi. Semdeg gamefda misi Ze aleqsandre, didad wodebuli. aleqsandres sicocxleSive gamefda misi Ze vaxtang III. (1442-46), xolo Semdeg misi Zma - giorgi VIII (1446-1455). qveyanaSi gauTavebeli brZolebi daiwyo, rasac saqarTvelos politikuri daSla mohyva. giorgi VIII-s faqtiurad aRar emorCileobdnen mesxeTis, samegrelo-afxazeTis, guriis mTavrebi. 1451 wels mesxeTSi gaaTabagda yvaryvare, romelic gegmazomierad Seudga saqarTvelosagan mesxeTis CamoSorebas, raSic mesxeTis samRvdeloebac aiyolia. 1453 wels osmalebma konstantinopoli aiRes, 1461 wels - trapizonis sakeisro. saqarTvelo moeqca musulmanur-Turqul rkalSi da evropas moswyda. 1462 wels yvaryvarem mahmadianebic ki moiwvia mefe giorgis winaaRmdeg da igi daamarcxebina. 1478 wels taxtze aleqsandre I-is SviliSvili konstantine II avida. mas, cxadia, ukanonod miaCnda kaxeTisa da imereTis samefoebis, mesxeTisa da sxva samTavroebis warmoqmna Tavisi saxelmwifos teritoriaze, magram am saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebis warmoqmna ukve faqti iyo. mxareebi dazavdnen da sazRvrebzec SeTanxmdnen. dauZlurebulma qarTvelma meeebma Zlieri mfarveli saxelmwifoebis Zebna daiwyes TurqTa ieriSebis mosagerieblad. qveyana Zalze dakninda. ~mefeTa-mefe monazoni aleqsandre didi~ swored ase uwodebs mefe aleqsandres misi Svili giorgi mefe. aleqsandre mefes (1412-1442 ww.) sruliad saqarTvelo emorCileboda, Tumca ki qveynis miwa-wyali Semcirebuli, eTnikuri garemocva ki Secvlili iyo. gaTurqda saqarTvelos aRmosavleTiT mdebare albaneTi. saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi anisi aRar Semodioda, lorec ki mahmadianTa mier yofila mitacebuli. saqarTvelos am mxareSi mcxovrebi adgilobrivi qarTveloba gamalebiT Turqdeboda. qarTuli saxelmwifo da, cxadia, qarTuli eklesia ver Seurigdeboda mkvidri mosaxleobis gamahmadianeba-gaTurqebis process, gansakuTrebiT lores mcxovrebTa, romelic TbilisTan - saqarTvelos centrTan axlos mdebareobda. qarTuli eklesiis saWeTmpyrobels, kaTalikos-patriarq Teodores, mahmadianTa mier dapyrobili lores cixis winaaRmdeg laSqrobaSi monawileoba miuRia da brZolis win laSqari sityviT ganumtkicebia. ~kaTalikoz Teodores moqadageobas umoqmednia da misi CagonebiTa da gamxnevebiT aRfrTovanebuls saqarTvelos jars lore mtrisaTvis waurTmevia da TiTon dauWeria~ (iv. javaxiSvili, t. III, gv. 258). es ambavi 1431 wels moxda. 1434-35 wlebSi, aleqsandre mefes saqarTvelosaTvis sivnieTis mxare SemouerTebia 60000 qristianTan erTad. samefos Zveli Zlierebis aRdgenas xels didad uSlida is, rom mosaxleoba saqarTveloSi saerTod, da gansakuTrebiT aRmosavleTSi, Zalze Semcirda. amitom mefe dasavleT saqarTvelodan mosaxleobis nawils aRmosavleT saqarTvelos SeTxelebul mxareebSi asaxlebda. man sivnieTis mflobel beSqen orbelians (ukve gasomxebuls) lore uwyaloba. ~beSqen orbelianTan 1435-38 ww. ganmavlobaSi Turme mravalma somexma ltolvilma moiyara Tavi, romelTac is puriTac, biniTac da samoseliTac Zalian exmareboda. amis gamo am kuTxes mahmadianTa mier dapyrobili somxeTidan imdeni somxoba moawyda, rom mefe aleqsandres da mTavrobas amdeni somxobis aq Sekreba da damkvidreba saqarTvelosaTvis sazianod da saxifaTod miuCneviaT da, rogorc etyoba, am movlenisaTvis winaaRmdegoba gauweviaT kidec. amis gamo somexTa Soris aleqsandre mefeze ciliswameba gavrcelebula da misTvis beSqen orbelianis mowamvlac ki daubralebiaT. es maSin, roca saukuneTa manZilze qarTulma saxelmwifoebriobam didad iRvawa somxeTSi somexi xalxis gadasarCenad da amitomac ~somexni urjuloebTan~ yovelTvis qarTvelebiT iwonebdnen Tavs~ Toma mewofecis sityviT. mefe aleqsandre dids didad uzrunia saqarTvelos gansaaxleblad da asaRorZineblad da farTo gegmac Seudgenia. 1412 wlidan, gamefebisTanave gaugrZelebia Tavisi sulkurTxeuli bebia rusas dawyebuli samuSaoebi sveticxovlis didebuli taZris aRsadgenad, romlebic daaxloebiT 1431 wels daumTavrebia. sveticxovlis aRdgenasTan erTad aleqsandres mTeli saqarTvelos ganadgurebuli eklesia-monastrebisa da cixeebis aRdgenazec uzrunia. amisaTvis kaTalikos-episkoposni da ~yovelni didebulni da warCinebulni~, erisTavTerisTavni da erisTavni~ Semoukrebia. ivane javaxiSvilis TqmiT mefes saqarTvelos eklesiaTa erToblivi ganaxlebis samuSaoebi 1425 wels dauwyia da 1440 wlisaTvis daumTavrebia.

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aleqsandre mefes uzrunia agreTve saberZneTSi da palestinaSi mdebare qarTul eklesia-monastrebzec. maSindel msoflioSi saqarTvelos icnobdnen rogorc did qristianul qveyanas. cnobilia, rom swored am saukuneSi Sedga saeklesio kreba - ferara-florenciisa. masze, rogorc amas wesi moiTxovda, diptiqi iqna daculi. sapatriarqo eklesiebis rigSi konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusalimis patriarqebis warmomadgenlebis Semdeg saqarTvelos sapatriarqo eklesiis, ~saqarTvelos mefis~ warmomadgenelic dasves, romelic im droisTvis mitropoliti sofroni yofila. es miuTiTebs imaze, rom qarTul eklesias saerTaSoriso arenaze im dros iseve did pativs scemdnen, rogorc XI-XII saukuneebSi. aleqsandre didi TavgamodebiT zrunavda saeklesio erTobis dacvazec. saeklesio separatizms ukve mis dros uCenia Tavi, kerZod, samxreT saqarTveloSi (mesxeTSi), rac uTuod mesxeTis mTavrebis gavleniT, anda iZulebiT xorcieldeboda. sabednierod, mefobis dasawyisSi aleqsandrem SeZlo gaeerTgulebina mTavari mesxeTisa, rasac, rogorc Cans, saeklesio separatizmis aRmofxvrac mohyva. aleqsandres dros qveyanaSi erTianoba da mSvidoba sufevda, xolo sagareo politikaSi Zveleburad aRdga saqarTvelos gavlena mis mezoblebze. rogorc vaxuSti brZanebs, 1437 wels yarabaRSi Casul mefes morCilebiT mieaxlnen ganZelni, Sirvanelni da darubandelni. aleqsandre mefes Tavisi siyvaruli qristes mimarT imiTac gamouvlenia, rom sicocxlis ukanasknel wlebSi mefobaze uari uTqvams, berad Semdgara da monazvnad aRkvecila. qarTuli eklesiis Tavdadebuli brZola saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi erTianobisaTvis qarTveli eris istorias ver gaviazrebT qarTuli eklesiis monawileobis gareSe da piriqiT, istoria qarTuli eklesiisa aris istoria qarTveli qristiani erisa. marTalia, qarTvel xalxs erovnuli erTianobis Segneba ukve qristianobamde didi xniT adre hqonda, magram imis Semdeg, rac yovelma qarTvelma qristianuli sarwmunoeba miiRo da Seiyvara, eris istoria qarTuli eklesiis istoriis gareSe warmoudgenelia. qristes rwmena da qarTveli xalxi urTierTSerwymul mTlianobad iqca, viTarca suli da sxeuli. qarTuli eklesia ver moiTmenda saqarTvelos saxelmwifos, rogorc erTiani sxeulis daSla-danawevrebas, xolo saqarTvelos erTianobis zeciuri niSani qristes kvarTia, erTiani da mTliani, romelic iveriis miwas miebara da misi mTlianobis dacvis momaswavebelia. damRupvelia eris sulis - eklesiis daSla-danawevrebac. saeklesio mTlianobis darRveviT sulieri safuZveli ecleba qveynis erTianobas. cnobilia, rom saqarTvelos dedaeklesiisgan eklesiurad gancalkevebul regionebSi, rogorc wesi, erovnuli cnobierebis rRveva iwyeboda. amis erTi magaliTia mesxeTi, sadac qarTveloba eklesiuri gancalkevebis Semdeg erovnuladac gadagvarda, daiwyo qarTvelTa swrafi gamahmadianeba (gaTurqeba) da sxva procesebi. XV s-is damlevs qarTvel mefe-mTavrebs Soris Sinauri brZola da omi atyda. mesxeTis mTavari gansakuTrebul separatizms iCenda. ~yvaryvare aTabagi imdenad dabrmavebuli yofila am mtrobiT da gankerZoebisaTvis brZoliT, rom uTanxmoeba saeklesio sferoSic gadautania... mesxeTis sakaTalikozo saydrisagan CamoSoreba da sruli damoukideblobis mopoveba surda... am miznis ganmaxorcielebel saukeTeso saSualebad yvaryvare aTabags, rogorc Cans, mawyvereli episkoposis amaRleba da misi mesxeTis saepiskoposo saydrebis ufrosad qceva miuCnevia, rac misma memkvidre aTabagebma da gansakuTrebiT mzeWabuk aTabagma cota xnis Semdgom ganaxorcieles kidec... yvaryvare aTabags saepiskoposo pirebis arCevis ufleba ukanonod miutacia da TviT Caugdia xelSi. amas, rasakvirvelia, im mosazrebiT sCadioda, rom saSualeba hqonoda Tavisi politikis momxre pirebi da mis brZanebaTa yurmoWrili ymebi aerCia episkoposebad... aseT ukanono da damRupvel politikas... qarTlis kaTalikosi sastikad ebrZoda da yovelTvis mesxeTidan mcxeTaSi sakurTxevlad mosul samRvdelo pirs Semdeg pirobis wignsa da fics adebdnen: ~Tu yvaryvarem mawyvereloba anu sxva xeli raime gvaZlios, ara gamovarTvaT Tqvenda daumowmeblado~ (iv. javaxiSvili, t. III, gv. 431). yvaryvare ara axal saepisokposo kandidats akurTxebinebda episkoposad, aramed romelime ukve nakurTx episkoposs adgenda romelime kaTedraze mesxeTSi, magram es moqmedeba mcxeTis daukiTxavad, centrisadmi daumorCileblad aRiqmeboda. amitomac episkoposs, romelsac mcxeTa akurTxebda xolme da mesxeTSi samoRvaweod gzavnida ~...

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kurTxevamdis kategoriulad fics da aRTqmas adebinebda, rom is saqarTvelos mwyemsmTavris erTguli da saqarTvelos mefis momxsenebeli iqneboda~. wirva-locvis dros saqarTvelos mefis moxseneba saqarTvelos politikuri mTlianobis gamoxatulebas warmoadgenda da yvaryvare aTabagsac swored amis mospoba hsurda~ (iv. javaxiSvili, t. III, gv. 433). amitomac surda yvaryvares mcxeTisagan mesxeTis eklesiis CamoSoreba. saeklesio mTlianobis darRveviT ki qveynis erTianobac Seiryeoda. Tumca eklesiis erTianobis daSla arc ise advili gaxldaT, rogorc es jayelTa gvaris aTabagebs egonaT. aseTi moqmedeba didi codva iyo da misi Camdeni Sesaferisad isjeboda. saocari isaa, rom antioqiisa da ierusalimis sapatriarqoebis gamoCenili warmomadgenlebi xelSewyobis nacvlad yovelnairad cdilobdnen, daeSalaT erTiani qarTuli eklesia, raTa Semdeg wili maTac rgebodaT. yovelgvari saeklesio kanonis darRveviT, wm. msoflio krebebze miRebuli kanonebis arad CagdebiT, romelnic amgvar moqmedebas krZalavdnen, isini iWrebodnen saqarTvelos saeklesio saepiskoposoebSi da wm. ninos RvawliTa da locviT sauflo kvarTze dafuZnebul wm. andrias samociqulo saydars arRvevdnen. ra aiZulebda antioqiisa da ierusalimis sapatriarqoebs ase moqceuliyvnen? mizezi maTi finansuri gaWirveba iyo. TurqTa mier bizantiis saxelmwifos dapyrobis Semdeg antioqiisa da ierusalimis mRvdelmTavarni da xSirad patriarqic iZulebulni iyvnen, ucxoeTSi wasuliyvnen fulisa da sxva saxis daxmarebis saTxovnelad. maT ar surdaT eRiarebinaT ukiduresi gaWirveba da amitom Tavi Zveli saeklesio kanonebis aRmdgenlad mohqondaT. erTi aseTi berZeni beris Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs swored varZiis monastris Zmoba Tavisi erTgulebis wignSi. ~es cbieri berZeni beri ~mitropoliti~ yofila da Turme imasve qadagebda, rac aTabags swadda: ~umcxeTod Cveni mRdeli da diakoni ikurTxebodeso da samRvdelo dasic qarTlis kaTalikozis brZanebisa morCilni ar yofiliyvnen~. ramac Tavisi Sedegi gamoiRo, qveynis am nawilSi (mesxeTSi) qristianobis avtoriteti daeca, aman ki logikurad mahmadianobis mimarT winaaRmdegoba Seamcira. yovelive zemoT Tqmuli - qarTuli eklesiis nawilebisa da mTeli eklesiis taciaoba - Sedegi iyo im saocari urTulesi sagareo da saSinao viTarebisa, romelSic maSin qveyana imyofeboda. im periodSi (XV s-is Sua wlebSi) osmaleTma konstantinopoli aiRo, saqarTvelo Turqul-mahmadianur rkalSi moeqca, rasac daerTo Sinagani ganxeTqileba. mTavrebi mefes ebrZodnen, zogjer amarcxebdnen da atyvevebdnen kidec. mesxeTisa da imereTis mTavrebi da erisTavebi TavianTi kuTxeebis eklesiebis damoukideblobaze ocnebobdnen. swored aseT dros Camovida saqarTveloSi romis papis warmomadgeneli, ris Sedegadac saqarTveloSi kidev ufro mZafri Sida omi daiwyo. saeklesio ganxeTqilebac kidev ufro gaRrmavda. Tavis mxriv ierusalimel-antioqeli ierarqebi yovel Rones xmarobdnen mcxeTis samociqulo taxtidan dasavleT saqarTvelosa da mesxeTis eklesiebis CamosaSoreblad. Seqmnes kidec Sesabamisi dokumentebi, gamZafrda ciliswamebani mcxeTel kaTalikos-patriarqze. separatisti aTabagis ugunurma mrisxanebam im zomasac ki miaRwia, rom kaTalikos-patriarqs meqrTameoba daswames, TiTqosda Cveni eklesiis meTaurs qrTams aZlevdnen episkoposTa kurTxevisas. iv. javaxiSvilma gaarkvia, rom es sicrue iyo. sabolood, mesxeTis aTabagebma, miuxedavad didi mowadinebisa, mesxeTis eklesiis CamoSoreba saqarTvelos dedaeklesiisagan ver SeZles. XVI s-is damdegs mesxeTis aTabagma mzeWabukma antioqiis patriarqis daxmarebiT kvlav wamoiwyo saeklesio gankerZoeba, magram RvTis madliT saqarTvelos eklesiis mTlianobis darRveva gauZnelda. mzeWabukis sikvdilis Semdeg axalma aTabagma yvaryvarem 1518 wels mcxeTas aaxla sigeli, romliTac mowiwebiT gaauqma wina aTabagis ukanono zemoqmedeba eklesiaze da amgvarad mzeWabukis dros mowyvetili mesxeTis eklesia yvaryvare IV-is dros kvlav SemouerTda mcxeTas. marTalia, qarTulma dedaeklesiam am cxare omSi gaimarjva, magram qristianoba dakninda. amaze isic metyvelebs, rom dRes mesxeTSi awyuris odesRac cnobili kaTedralis nangrevebiRa dgas, xolo misi Svilebi ZiriTadad Turqul-TaTrul masaSia asimilirebuli da gabneuli. XV s-is 70-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi Camosula antioqiel-ierusalimeli patriarqi miqaeli, romelsac miaCnda, rom axla Sesaferisi dro iyo dasavleT saqarTvelos mcxeTidan CamosaSoreblad. man Seadgina samarTlis Zegli ~mcnebai sasjuelo~, da werda, rom winaT qarTlisa da afxazeTis kaTalikosebs antioqiis patriarqi akurTxebda, rac, ra Tqma unda, ar Seesabameba simarTles. es sicrue imisaTvis sWirdeboda, rom TviTon ekurTxebina dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis axali meTauri da amiT dasavleT

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saqarTvelos eklesia erTiani dedaeklesiisaTvis CamoeSorebina. Tavis mxriv, dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio damoukidebloba imereTis imdroindel mefes, bagratsac surda. ra cnoba unda epovaT antioqia-ierusalimze qarTuli eklesiis Zveli damokidebulebis Sesaxeb? aseTi cnoba ar arsebobda, arsebobda mxolod efrem mcires mier moZiebuli cnoba, romelic dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispira nawils exeboda, magram igi SecdomiT mTeli iveriis eklesiisadmi cnobad miiCnies. etyoba, amiT isargebla ucxoelma ierarqma da caiSel-bedieli mTavarepiskoposi ioakime afxazeTis kaTalikosad dasva. marTalia, amas araviTari zegavlena ar mouxdenia dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalur uflebebze, magram samagierod dasavlel qarTvelTa erovnul TviTSemecnebaze uaryofiTad imoqmeda. dasavleT saqarTvelos srul saeklesio damoukideblobas mcxeTis eklesiisagan sikeTe ar moutania dasavleT saqarTvelos qristianebisaTvis iseve, rogorc Tavis droze mesxebisaTvis. male TviT afxazeTis sakaTalikoso centri - biWvinTa moeqca CrdiloeT kavkasiis mTebidan SemoWrili warmarTi mTieli tomebis garemocvaSi, romelTac am uZveles qristianul mxareSi ara marto sarwmunoeba Searyies, aramed aTaswlovani sarwmunoebriv-kulturul-samecniero centrebi - qarTulenovani saepiskoposoebi srulebiT amoagdes. qarTuli qristianuli kulturis didi kera - biWvinTa da sakuTriv afxazeTi male warmarTi, pirvelyofil doneze myofi mTieli tomebis xelSi moeqca, erovnulad gadagvarda. aseve gadagvarda erovnulad mesxeTi. erovneba da sarwmunoeba saqarTvelos erTianobis darRvevis Semdeg dasustebul qveyanaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki mis dapyrobil kuTxeebSi gza gaexsna ucxo religiebsa da eklesiebs, rasac samxreT saqarTvelos mosaxleobis gamahmadianeba (gaTaTreba), gakaTolikeba (gafrangeba), gamonofiziteba (gasomxeba) mohyva, xolo darCenili marTlmadideblebi konstantinopolis berZnuli sapatriarqos xelSi moeqcnen. verc dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiam SeZlo Tavisi mrevlis patronoba ise, rogorc amas saWiroeba moiTxovda. amis gamo aqac qristianTa erTi nawili gamahmadianda (qvemo guria-baTumi-qobuleTi, aWaris mxare), xolo meore nawili (afxazeTSi) Semoxiznul mTiel warmarTebSi (Cerqez-afsua-adiReebSi) airia. erovnuli TviTSemecnebis dabali done iyo mizezi imisa, rom ucxo saeklesio iurisdiqciebSi Sesvlis Semdeg qarTveli eri ZiriTadad usaxur eTnomasalad iqca, romelmac sxva erebis siWarbe warmoSva. am did codvaSi udidesi wvlili mesxeTis aTabagebis ugunur sarwmunoebrivsa da erovnul politikas miuZRoda sxvaTa separatistul qmedebebTan erTad. SeiZleba daisvas kiTxva, rogor SeinarCuna erovnuli TviTSemecneba somexma (an romelime sxva) erma uaRresad araxelsayrel pirobebSi? imis Semdeg, rac somxeTis saxelmwifoebrioba moispo, somexi xalxi sxvadasxva qveyanaSi gaifanta, sadac maT SeZles CamoeyalibebinaT somxuri sarwmunoebriv-erovnuli Temebi. Temi, romelic monofizituri sarwmunoebis mqone yvela erovnebis mosaxleobas aerTianebda, icavda mas. qarTvelebma ki osmaleTSi erovnul-qristianuli Temebis Seqmna ver SeZles. aseTi ara politikuri, aramed sarwmunoebrivi Temebi araviTar safrTxes ar uqmnida osmaleTs, sparseTs Tu sxva saxelmwifoebs. ufro metic, mas Semdeg, rac amgvarma Temebma TavianT saqmed komercia - vaWroba gaixades, sparseTsa da osmaleTs didi mogebac misces. amitom isini msgavs eTnikur-sarwmunoebriv Temebs ara Tu ar aviwroebdnen, aramed icavdnen kidec. aseve iTqmis osmaleTis imperiaSi ~frangebisa~ da ~berZnebis~ Sesaxebac. bizantiis imperiis damxobis Semdeg saxelmwifodakarguli mosaxleoba eTnikur-religiur Temebad gaerTianda, rac imas niSnavda, rom mkvidri mosaxleoba politikurad osmalo iyo, xolo eTnikur-religiurad im niSans iRebda, romel sarwmunoebriv Temsac iyo mikedlebuli. osmaleTis xalxi daiyo musulmanebad, somxebad, berZnebad, frangebad da ebraelebad, sarwmunoebis mixedviT. sul sxva mdgomareoba Seiqmna saqarTveloSi. qarTvelma xalxma SeZlo saxelmwifoebriobis SenarCuneba. marTalia, erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifo daiSala, magram qveynis yovel kuTxeSi adgilobrivi saxelmwifoebi Camoyalibda. qarTulma eklesiam mahmadianebTan araTu TanamSromloba, aramed umciresi kompromisic ki ar ineba, xolo dapyrobil mxareebSi qarTvel qristianebs an mahmadianoba unda mieRoT, anda romelime eTnikur-religiur araqarTul qristianul Tems Sekedlebodnen. amas aiZulebdnen mtrebi, romlebic dapyrobil miwa-wyalze saerTod qarTvel qristians ver iTmendnen.

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aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom imdroindel qarTvelobas maRali erovnuli TviTSegneba rom hqonoda, albaT araqarTul eTnikur-religiur TemebSi Tavisi erovnuli niSanTvisebebis garkveuli nawilis SenarCunebas mainc SeZlebda, Tumca isic unda iTqvas, rom ruseTis mier saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis gauqmebamde (1801-10 w.w.) zogierTi Temis qarTvel wevrebs erovnuli niSan-Tvisebani SenarCunebuli hqondaT. magaliTad somxur monofizitur Tems Sekedlebuli qarTvelebis anu ~somxebis~ didi nawilis dedaena kvlavindeburad qarTuli iyo, aseve qarTveli ~frangebisa~ da ~berZnebisa~, magram rusulma xelisuflebam maTi qarTveloba ar aRiara, ris Sedegadac qarTvelTa did nawilSi yovelgvari naSTi qarTvelobisa sabolood aRmoifxvra. amrigad, yoveli qarTveli, romelic ganudga dedaeklesias, ganSorda Tavis ersac da gadagvarda, ucxo erebSi gaiTqvifa. Tavi XIII. saqarTvelo da qarTuli eklesia XVI saukuneSi 1547 wels mesxeTi TurqTa winaaRmdeg ajanyda, magram 1549 wels Turqebma kvlav SeZles cixeTa daWera. am dros gamoiCina Tavi luarsab mefem. igi win aRudga osmalTa agresias da samcxe-javaxeTi da kola-artaani daiWira. saaTabagos dabruneba qarTlis samefos SemadgenlobaSi iranisaTvis miuRebeli aRmoCnda. Sah-Tamazi mesxeTs Semoesia. luarsabis momxre mesxebi varZiis monasterSi gamagrdnen, mterma maT alya Semoartya. mravali yizilbaSi daixoca brZolaSi, magram momxdurebma mainc gaimarjves. Sahma berebic ar daindo. 20 beri samalavidan amoiyvanes da iqve daxoces, monastris simdidre ki daitaces. 1555 wels iransa da osmaleTs Soris zavi daido, romlis mixedviTac maT jer kidev daupyrobel-daumorCilebeli saqarTvelo erTmaneTSi gainawiles. qarTlis mefe luarsab I brZolas ganagrZobda, ris Sedegadac TandaTan SeZlo qarTlis cixesimagreebis dabruneba Tbilisis cixis garda. luarsab I saarako simamaciT ebrZoda Sah-Tamazis urdoebs. is iyo ~kaci RvTismoyvare, mterTa urjuloTa momsvreli da wyobaTa Sina uSiSi~, - wers beri egnataSvili. Sah-sefim, Sah-Tamazma da osmaleTis xonTqarma luarsab I ver modrikes. luarsabis epoqaSi moRalate SalikaSvilebis ojaxma oTar SalikaSvilis qali nebayoflobiT misca colad Sah-Tamazs. amis gamo mesxeTis aTabagi Sahs damorCilda. es qarTlis mefem ver moiTmina da mesxeTs ilaSqra. sapasuxod Sah-Tamazi saqarTveloSi SemoiWra. SeZlo atenis cixeSi luarsabis dedisa da mravali Tavadis datyveveba. mefem dedisa da TavadTa datyvevebis ambavi rom Seityo, yizilbaSebs daewia da mravali daxoca, magram deda ver gamoixsna. luarsabis dedam tyveobas sikvdili amjobina. amis Semdeg luarsabma kidev ufro medgrad Seutia mters da mravali marcxi agema. mematianeTa TqmiT luarsab I sikvdilis Semdeg mowameTa Tana Seiracxa. beri egnataSvili mas vaxtang gorgaslis msgavs mowamed miiCnevs. Tu ara is, saqarTvelo moispoboda, saqarTvelo misi xmlis siZlierem gadaarCinao. 1556 wels qarTlis samefo taxtze luarsabis Ze svimoni avida. igi Tavis mokavSireebTan erTad saguladgulod moemzada Tbilisis asaRebad, magram 1561 wlis aRdgoma dRes Tbilisis TaTrul garnizons yarabaRis mmarTveli mieSvela. 1569 wels erT-erTi cxare brZolis dros yizilbaSebma mefe RalatiT Seipyres. Sahi didxans cdilobda mis gamahmadianebas, magram ver SeZlo da alamuTis cixeSi daamwyvdia. 1569-1578 wlebSi iranelebma qarTlis mmarTvelad svimon mefis gamahmadianebuli Zma, daud-xanad wodebuli daviTi daniSnes. daud-xans xalxi mxars ar uWerda. da igi faqtiurad mxolod Tbilissa da qvemo qarTls ganagebda. daud-xanis dros daiwyo qarTvelTa sarwmunoebrivi gasomxebis procesi. cnobilia, rom mteri gaafTrebiT ebrZoda qarTul eklesias da marTlmadidebel qristianobas, maSin, roca grigorianebs ar ebrZoda sxvadasxva mizezis gamo. gamahmadianda kaxeTis mefis levanis vaJi iesec. mas isa-xans uwodebdnen. mterma gadawyvita isa-xanis dasma samefo taxtze mamis nacvlad, magram iesem male uaryo mahmadianoba, ris gamoc daapatimres da alamuTis cixeSi gamoketes. kaxeTma TiTqmis mTeli XVI s-is manZilze moisvena. kaxeTis mefeebis - levanisa da aleqsandres moqnili politikis wyalobiT mis teritoriaze arc erTxel ar momxdara omi, magram saukunis dasasruls kaxelma politikosebma, sparseTisa da TurqeTis mTavrobaTa TvalsazrisiT, miutevebeli Secdoma Caidines, rom ruseTis samxedro Zalebis kaxeTSi Semoyvanas Seecadnen. isini, cxadia, qarTveli mefeebis CrdiloeTTan kavSirs ver iTmendnen. am droisaTvis ZalTa wonasworoba Seicvala. osmaleTi uZlieres saxelmwifod iqca. irani masTan SedarebiT susti iyo. irani xarkis gadaxdiT da qarTvel mefe-mTavarTa

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vasalobiT kmayofildeboda, xolo TurqeTi qarTul saxelmwifoebriobas auqmebda. amgvar situaciaSi cxadia, qarTvelTa umTavres mtrad osmaleTi iqca. 1578 wels mesxeTSi osmaleTsa da yizilbaSebs Soris sastiki brZola gaimarTa, romelSic osmalebma gaimarjves da garda mesxeTisa qarTlis cixeebic daiWires Tbilisis CaTvliT. Tbilisi safaSod gamoacxades, gori - sanjayad. kaxeTis mefem osmalebs morCileba aRuTqva da is kaxeTis mmarTvelad daniSnes. amis pasuxad iranelebma alamuTis cixeSi damwyvdeuli qarTlis mefe svimoni gaaTavisufles da 1578 wels damxmare laSqriT qarTlSi gauSves. mefem SeZlo lores, gorisa da sxva cixesimagreTa gaTavisufleba. Tbilisis osmaluri garnizoni alyaSi moaqcia. garnizonSi SimSiloba daiwyo. alyaSemortymuli TbilisisaTvis osmalTa sulTani xSirad agzavnida laSqarsa da saukeTeso mxedarTmTavrebs, magram svimon mefe maT didad azaralebda. 1582 wels didi antiosmaluri aRmosavleT kavkasiuri kavSiri Seikra. svimon mefem sastikad daamarcxa TbilisSi mimavali osmalTa 20000-iani laSqari. osmalebma Tavisi marcxi yvaryvare IV aTabagis Zmas, manuCars (mustafas) daabrales. 1579 wlis 25 ivniss sulTnis brZanebiT samcxe-saaTabagos dapyrobil teritoriaze osmalebma Cildiris (axalcixis) safaSo daaarses. manuCari gamahmadianda da igi axalcixis faSad daniSnes. 1582 wlis damarcxebis Semdeg osmalebma misi mokvla gadawyvites, magram gaiqca da kvlav qristianobas daubrunda. samcxe ajanyda. manuCarma kvlav aRadgina aTabagoba. amasobaSi svimon mefem lore da samSvilde gaaTavisufla. 1584 wels saqarTveloSi Turqebis 30.000-iani jari SemoiWra, romelsac svimon mefe sofel xatisofelTan 4.000 meomriT Seeba. zamTris pirobebiT Sewuxebuli osmalTa laSqari qarTls gaecala. 1587 wels mters moRalate SalikaSvilebis naSieri kikola da masTan erTad sxva moRalateebic miemxrnen, ris gamo manuCari iZulebuli gaxda samcxes gascloda. 1588 wels iransa da osmaleTs Soris zavi daido. osmalebs svimonic dauzavda. samagierod osmaleTi svimon I-s qarTlis mefed cnobda, mis memkvidreobiT uflebas aRiarebda da mis Sinaur saqmeebSi Carevaze uars ambobda. 1598 wels Sah-abasis waqezebiT svimonma ganaaxla omi osmalebTan, gors alya Semoartya. male qarTvelebma goris cixe aiRes. es osmalTa didi marcxi iyo. amave wels ajanyda samcxe-saaTabagoc manuCaris meTaurobiT. sulTanma didi jari gamogzavna. qarTvelTa mTavari jari gorTan dabanakda giorgi batoniSvilis meTaurobiT, xolo svimon mefe mcire laSqriT sabaraTianoSi Cavida. uTanasworo brZola 5 saaTs gagrZelda. ukan daxevisas mefis cxeni saflobSi Cavarda. mefe tyved Caigdes da 1600 wels stambolSi gagzavnes. giorgi mefem didZali ganZi gagzavna mamis dasaxsnelad, magram amaod. igi ukve gardacvlili iyo. svimon mefis gvami stambulidan mcxeTas moasvenes da misi saxelovani mamis - luarsabis gverdiT dakrZales sveticxovelSi. iyo saqarTvelo uvno mterTagan saqarTvelo XV s-Si da XVI s-is erT periodSi ZiriTadad mterTagan damSvidebuldawynarebuli qveyana iyo, Tumca ki TaTrul-mahmadianur rkalSi iyo moqceuli. Temurlengis Semosevebis Semdeg gareSe mtrebma Semotevebi Seaneles, qveyanam amoisunTqa da dawynarda. xmali, guTani da sarwmunoeba Zveleburadve asuldgmulebda Cvenebur kacs, magram didi idealebi ukve aRar arsebobda. qveyana sulierad moeSva, moiTenTa. iqneb amis mizezi is iyo, rom qarTvelebma eZebes da gamosavali ver ipoves, TaTrul-mahmadianur alyas Tavi ver daaRwies. saqarTvelo samefoebad da samTavroebadaa daSlili da amave dros kidev ufro metad daSlis tendenciebic aSkarad ikveTeba. swored es daSlili nawilebi eurCebian, mtroben da arbeven erTmaneTs, zogadad ki saqarTvelo vrcladaa gadaWimuli: kaxeTis samefos aRmosavleTi sazRvari kaspiis zRvidan sul 200-mde kilometriTaa daSorebuli da SaqTan gadis; samxreTiT - qarTlis sazRvari sevanis tbamde aRwevs, aTabagebis samTavrosi ki - valaSkertTan da arzrumTan, guria - WaneTs moicavs, xolo dasavleTiT imereTsa da sadadianos Savi zRva da jiqeTis qveyana esazRvreba. saqarTvelos damorCileba arc ise advili saqme iyo. qarTvelebs erTi piri da erTiani saxelmwifo rom hqonodaT, osmaleTi da sparseTi veraras daaklednen, Tumca, mtrebs arc daSlil saqarTvelosTan uadvildebodaT omi. osmaleTma, romelmac evropis, aziisa da afrikis qveynebis damorCileba SeZlo, srulad ver daipyro dasavleT saqarTveloc ki. iq saxelmwifoebrioba ver gaauqma. ime-

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reTis samefo, guriisa da samegrelos samTavroebi mudam arsebobdnen osmaleTis yvelaze didi Zlierebis Jamsac, vidre XIX s-mde, ruseTTan SeerTebamde. Turquli nacionaluri sulis gamomxatveli ~dede qorquTis wignSi~ aRwerilia saqarTvelos sazRvrebTan rogor uswordebodnen muslimebi ~giaurebs~, rogor ipyrobdnen qalaqebsa da cixeebs, rogor angrevdnen eklesiebs da maT nacvlad meCeTebs agebdnen. iqvea aRwerili, rogori SiSi hqondaT maT qarTvelebisa. qarTvelTa suliskveTeba da Tavganwirva kargad Cans mefe svimonis werilSi, romelic man paps miswera: ~vgonebT, Tqvenc SeityobdiT, raodeni Sewuxeba da tanjva gamoviareT, magram guli mainc ar gavitexeT. Cems Tavs gavwirav da agreTve Cems ymawvil vaJsac, davRvri Cems sisxlsa vidre ukanasknel wveTamde jvarcmulis ieso qristes da RvTis siyvarulisaTvis, vidre pirSi suli midgia, xels ar aviReb osmalebis winaaRmdeg omze, arasodes uqmad vyof im daufasebel sisxlsa, romelic ieso qristem daRvara CemTvis...~ am nawyvetidan kargad Cans, ratom ver gaauqma evropaSi gaWrilma TurqeTma araTu sruliad saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrioba, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelosic ki, Tumca qarTul miwa-wyals TiTqmis erTi mesamedi nawili - saaTabago mohglija da gaaTaTra. marTalia, saqarTvelos samefos asustebda samTavroebis erTmaneTTan brZola, magram, roca erTad Seikribebodnen, zogadqarTuli samxedro Zala sakmaod STambeWdavi iyo. amiT usargeblia Turqebis sulTans da, qarTul wyaroTa mixedviT, saqarTvelos mefeebi ierusalimis asaRebad miuwvevia. Tedo Jordanias TqmiT, qarTvelebma ierusalimi 1527 wels aiRes da egviptis sulTani ierusalimidan gaaZeves. rogorc wyaroebidan Cans, XVI s-Si qarTvelebs magrad moukidebiaT fexi ierusalimSi. sabolood unda iTqvas, rom qarTvelebi Tumca mamaci mebrZolebi iyvnen da xmalic uWridaT, gonierebaze win emociebs ayenebdnen, pativmoyvareobas arasodes iviwyebdnen, maSinac ki, roca es saerTo saqmisaTvis zianis momtani iyo. ase iyo Tu ise, qarTvelma erma saxelmwifoebrioba, erovnuli eklesia - qristianoba da mamuli SeinarCuna. Cvenma mezobelma somexma erma ki saxelmwifo da qveyana dakarga, magram erovnuli gadarCenis saeklesio gzas mimarTa da Tavisi eklesiis meoxebiT erovneba araTu SeinarCuna, erovnuli kultura aayvava, Tumca saxelmwifo aRar hqonda. somxebi am droisaTvis mTel msoflioSi ganibnen. albaT amitomac mReroda somexi xalxi qarTvelTa Sesaxeb: ~gmiri iyo xalxi, brZeni hyavdaT mmarTveli, amitomac SerCa am qveyanas qarTveli~. (somxuri simRerebidan). kuTxurobis anu Temobriobis aRorZineba erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos daSlis Sedegad 1490 wels saqarTvelos mefis karze mowveulma saxelmwifo darbazis krebam iuridiulad aRiara ukve arsebuli faqti - erTiani saxelmwifos ramdenime samefod daSlisa. warmoiqmna erTmaneTisagan damoukidebeli qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebi: qarTlis, kaxeTis, imereTis samefoebi, guriis, samegrelos, samcxis samTavroebi. am process Tan sdevda erTian qarTvel xalxSi regionaluri Temobriobis anu kuTxuri Semecnebis aRorZinebis procesi. Cveni azriT, qarTveli eris eTnikuri jgufebi - imerloba, qarTleloba, kaxeloba, megreloba, guruloba, mesxoba da sxva gansakuTrebiT aRorZinda da saboloo saxiT erTiani saxelmwifos daSlis Semdeg Camoyalibda. male maT sxva wvrili eTnikuri jgufebic daemata samef-samTavroTa kidev ufro daSlis Sedegad. erTiani saxelmwifos daSlis Semdeg kuTxur - qarTul saxelmwifoebSi mcxovreb qarTvelobas kuTxur-Temuri TviTSemecneba uCndeboda, is im kuTxis Svilad iqceoda, sadac cxovrobda: guriis samTavroSi - gurulad, imereTis samefoSi - imerlad, mesxeTis samTavroSi - mesxad da a.S. zogaderovnuli TviTSemceneba ise daeca, rom awyuris cnobili saswaulmoqmedi xati, romelsac mociqulTa droidan mTeli qarTveli eri scemda Tayvans, XIV s-is Semdeg mxolod mesxTa tomis mfarvel xatad miiCnies. XVI s-is mematianesac ki, romelsac sazogadod, gacilebiT maRali inteleqti hqonda, vidre masas, ise aqvs dakninebuli erovnuli erTianobis grZnoba, rom gaxarebulia ~mesxebis~ ~qarTvelebze~ gamarjvebiT (ix. ~qarTlis cxovreba~, t. II, gv. 481).

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saerTo-qarTuli ideis matareblad eklesia darCa. saeklesio TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelo erTiani, mTliani organizmi iyo erTi sjuliskanoniT, saeklesio samarTliTa da krebebiT. eklesia xels uSlida qarTveli eris tomobriv danawilebas. is erovnuli makonsolidirebeli Zala iyo. Tavi XIV. qarTuli eklesia XVII saukuneSi wmida didmowame qeTevani - mnaTobi saqarTvelosi XVII saukune, SeiZleba iTqvas, umZimesi saukune iyo qarTveli eris istoriaSi. Tu winaT mtrebi saqarTvelos dapyrobiT, anda daxarkviT kmayofildebodnen, am saukuneSi sparseTisa da osmaleTis imperiebma yvelaferi iRones qarTveli eris gasanadgureblad, miwis pirisagan aRsagvelad: aseul aTasobiT qarTveli saqarTveloSive daxoces, ufro meti sparseTSi gadaasaxles. kaxeTi gaaukacrieles da iq momTabare Turqmanuli tomebi Camoasaxles. mesxeTSi iZulebiT gaamahmadianes (gaaTaTres) mkvidri qarTveloba, mowinaaRmdegeni mospes, anda aiZules gadasaxlebuliyvnen. dasavleTi saqarTvelo ki uCveulo da gaugonarma anarqiam moicva: daiwyo tyveTa syidva, qarTvelebi Tu araqarTvelebi masiurad atyvevebdnen qarTvelebs da monebad hyiddnen. qarTvelebi afrikelTa msgavsad monaTa bazrebSi iyidebodnen. Tumca isic unda iTqvas, rom osmaleT-sparseTis sazogadoebrivma wyobilebam ara marto qarTvelebi gaiyvana monaTa bazarze, aramed evropis sxva dapyrobili xalxebic: bosnielebi, albanelebi da sxva. yovelive amas, Tan daerTo dasustebul da gaukacrielebul saqarTveloSi Crdilokavkasieli tomebis Casaxleba. daRestnelebi aRmosavleT kaxeTSi - War-belaqanSi Casaxldnen da ara marto Casaxldnen, aramed adgilobriv qarTvelobas atyvevebdnen, imonebdnen, arbevdnen da Zarcvavdnen. Sida qarTlis mTianeTSi Crdilo kavkasiidan gaosebuli dvalebi Casaxldnen. egris-afxazeTSic CrdiloeT kavkasielebi - adiReelebi, abazgebi, Cerqezebi (maT, yvelas, saerTo saxeli - afsua ewoda) damkvidrdnen. qarTvelad yofna gausaZlisi gaxda. cxadia, aseT dros amuSavda gadarCenis instinqti - qarTvelobis erTi nawili uaryofda erovnebas. zogi TaTrdeboda, zogi somxdeboda (grigorianuli sarwmunoebis qristianebs sparseT-osmaleTi ar devnida). zogi ~frangdeboda~ (kaTolikebic naklebad idevnebodnen). amasTan qarTvelebi lekdebodnen, osdebodnen, afsuvdebodnen. sabednierod, denacionalizaciisa da erovnuli gadagvarebis safrTxes qarTvelebis didi nawili mtkiced aRudga. qarTuli saxelmwifo da qarTuli eklesia eris gadasarCenad TavdadebiTa da Tavdauzogavad iRvwodnen. am dros erovneba da marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoeba gaerTmniSvnelianda. qristianobis dacva da SenarCuneba ukve TavisTavad niSnavda qarTvelobis dacva-SenarCunebas. amitomac erTaSorisi omi faqtiurad religiaTa Soris omad gadaiqca. saqarTvelos saukeTeso Svilebi qristianobas ieso qristes siyvarulisaTvis sicocxlis fasad icavdnen. misTvis ewamebodnen, saSineli tanjviT ixocebodnen. Tavis mxriv, Cveni ufali da macxovari ieso qriste ara marto maT sulebs, aramed maT ersac icavda, iesom gadaarCina qarTveli eri. unda aRiniSnos, rom eris gadarCenaSi udidesi Rvawli qarTul anu saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesias miuZRvis. saqme isaa, rom mxolod qristianobis SenarCunebiT qarTvelebi erovnebas ver inarCunebdnen. magaliTad, grigorianuli qarTveli kvlav qristianuli sarwmunoebis matarebeli iyo, magram mowyvetili deda - qarTul eklesias. amitom grigorianeli qarTvelebi TandaTan gasomxdnen. ZiriTadad igive iTqmis kaTolike qarTvelebzec. qarTveloba da erovneba saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis wevrebma SeinarCunes. saqarTvelos eklesia WeSmaritad deda, mSobeli, iyo qarTvelobisa, erTaderTi saSualeba qarTvelobis SenarCunebisa. uimisod qarTvelebi erovnulobas ver inarCunebdnen. magaliTad, kaTolike qarTvels ~frangs~ eZaxdnen, xolo eTnikur qarTvels, romelic marTlmadidebeli iyo da amasTanave berZnuli eklesiis wevri, ara ~qarTvels~, aramed berZens uwodebdnen. ~qarTveli~ iyo mxolod is marTlmadidebeli, romelic imavdroulad saqarTvelos eklesiis mrevlSi iricxeboda. qarTveli eris am saSineli gansacdelis dros sarwmunoebis SesanarCuneblad udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda magaliTis Zalas. maRali fenebi: mefe-dedoflebi, mTavrebi, Tavad-aznauroba da maTi ojaxis wevrebi samagaliToni iyvnen mosaxleobis dabali, mravalricxovani fenebisaTvis. Tu maRali fenebi qristianobas icavdnen, dabali fenebic aseve iqceodnen, maRali fenebis gamahmadianebas dabali fenebic gamahmadianebiT pasuxobdnen. amis magaliTi vaxuSti bagrations moaqvs Tavis ~istoriaSi~ (ix. ~qarTlis cxovreba~, IV. gv. 728).

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warCinebulTa gamahmadianebis Semdeg mesxeTi TiTqmis sruliad gamahmadianda. male sarwmunoebadakargulma mosaxleobam erovnebac - qarTvelobac dakarga. aseTi viTarebis dros gansakuTrebiTaa dasafasebeli kaxeTis dedoflis - qeTevanis Tavdadeba sarwmunoebisaTvis. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mamuli da eri sulier-xorcielad mospobisagan da sxva xalxebSi asimilaciisagan wm. qeTevanis, wm. mefis luarsab IIis, sxva warCinebulTa, saeklesio moRvaweTa Tu eriskacTa qristesadmi TviTSewirvam gadaarCina. XVII s. gamorCeulia qristes mowameTa simravliT. qarTulma eklesiam mxolod zogi maTganis kanonizacia SeZlo, radgan bevrni iyvnen isini. kanonizebulia 1616 wels daviT garejis udabnoSi amowyvetili 6000 wm. mowame; saqarTvelos didebuli, wmida mefe luarsabi, qristesTvis wamebuli 1622 wels; didmowame, saqarTvelos mnaTobi, kaxeTis dedofali wm. qeTevani, nawamebi 1624 wels; cxra Zma xerxeuliZe, dediTa da diT da maTTan erTad marabdis brZolis velze 1625 w. amowyvetili 9000 qarTveli, saqarTvelos eklesiis meTauri, wm. mama evdemoz kaTalikosi, wamebuli 1642 wels; wm. biZina ColoyaSvili, elizbar da Salva qsnis erisTavebi, wamebulni 1661wels; 1696-1700 wlebSi garejis monasterSi lekTagan amowyvetili Rirsi mamebi: Sio axali, daviTi da gabrieli; maT garda kidev mravalma dasdo Tavi qristesa da samSoblosaTvis. maT Sorisaa Cveni wm. mama-Tevdore, 1669 wels wamebuli, wm. qeTevanis Tanmxlebi mRvdeli da uamravi wm. mowameni, romelTac gaabrwyines qarTuli eklesia. naTqvamia, xalxi ubedurebis Jams gamoicnobao. qarTvelma erma da qarTulma eklesiam ubedurebisas didi simtkice gamoamJRavnes. wm. didmowame qeTevans ~saqarTvelos mnaTobi~ ewoda, radganac swored misi Rvawli iqca sulis cxonebisa da mamulis gadarCenis gzis maCveneblad qarTveli xalxisaTvis umZimes XVII-XVIII ss-Si. wm. qeTevani qarTuli eklesiisa da qristianobis moyvarul morwmuneTa ojaxSi daibada. qarTleli bagrationi aSoTan muxran-batoni, mama qeTevanisa, saberZneTSi iveronis monastrisaTvis zrunavda. qeTevani meuRle kaxTa mefis aleqsandres vaJisa - daviTisa male daqvrivda. kaxeTi oTx samxedro teritoriul erTeulad - sadroSod iyo dayofili. sadroSoTa sardloba kaxeTis mefem ara Tavadebs, rogorc es qarTlSi iyo miRebuli, aramed episkoposebs Caabara. episkoposebs mefe niSnavda. kaxeTis siZliere mosvenebas ukargavda mters. amitom Sah-abasma kak-eniseli (saingilo) Camoacila da uSualod daimorCila. am dros saSamxlos (CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi mdebare samTavros) ukve mierTebuli hqonda piraqeTa daRestani, romelic TiTqmis mudam saqarTvelos sazRvrebs SigniT iyo moqceuli. amrigad, kaxeTs aRmosavleTis sazRvrebi moeSala da igi daucveli aRmoCnda. XVII s-Si sparseTi didad gaZlierda Sah-abasis mmarTvelobis Sedegad. 1604 wels, erevnis alyis dros, Sahma saSvelad kaxTa mefe aleqsandre da qarTlis mefe giorgi ixmo. erevnis aRebis Semdeg maT Sahma yovelwliurad jamagiri dauniSna, samagierod giorgi mefes lores provincia da debedas xeoba gamosTxova. debedas xeobaSi maleve Turqmanuli tomi ~borCalu~ Camoasaxla. Sah-abass Zalze afrTxobda da aRizianebda kaxeTis samefos kavSiri ruseTTan da osmaleTTan. amitom gadawyvita, samefo ojaxSi gadatrialebis meoxebiT kaxTa mefe sabolood daemorCilebina. amisaTvis gamahmadianebul-gasparsebuli konstantine, aleqsandre mefis Ze gamoiyena. Sahis davalebiT konstantinem mokla mama da Zma (aleqsandre da giorgi) da maTi moWrili Tavebi Sahs gaugzavna. Sahi zeimobda, magram mas sixaruli kaxeTis dedofalma qeTvanma CauSxama. igi ajanyda da sruliad kaxeTi miimxro, konstantine daamarcxes da mokles. Sahis gegmebi CaiSala. anton kaTalikosis TqmiT qarTvelebis da gansakuTrebiT dedoflis aRSfoTeba gamouwvevia imas, rom konstantines sparsuli wesis momizezebiT Tavisi Zmis qvrivis qeTevanis - colad SerTva mousurvebia. kaxeTis samefos saTaveSi qeTevani Caudga. amis Semdeg qeTevan dedofalma Sah-abass Tavisi Ze Teimurazi gamosTxova, raTa igi mefed daesva kaxeTSi. Sah-abasma didi saboZvariT warmogzavna Teimurazi. es moxda 1606 wels. mizezi is yofila, rom Sahs eSinoda umemkvidreod darCenili kaxeTis samefo qarTlis samefos ar mieerTebina. qarTl-kaxeTis gaerTianeba mas gansakuTrebiT afrTxobda. amitomac am ori qarTuli samefos erTmaneTze gadamterebas cdilobda. am dros kaxeTis samefo mdidari qveyana iyo. Sah-Tamazis Semdeg iq mters fexi ar daudgams. 1606 wels aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi qristiani mefeebi dainiSna: Teimuraz pirveli - kaxeTSi, xolo luarsab II - qarTlSi. Sah-abasis miTiTebiT kaxeTSi Teimurazi mefed qristianuli wesiT akurTxes. kurTxevas TviTon Sahic eswreboda.

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Teimurazi am dros 16 wlisa iyo. man colad moiyvana mamia gurielis asuli - ana, romelTanac ori vaJi SeeZina - levani da aleqsandre. 1610 wels ana gardaicvala. Sahis daJinebuli rCeviTa da iZulebiT Teimurazma luarsab II-is da xoreSani SeirTo, romelic mas Soreul naTesavadac ki moxvdeboda. qarTvel avtorTa azriT, Sahma Teimurazi gangeb aiZula, naTesavi moeyvana colad, raTa amiT qristianuli morali SeebRala, rac Semdgom Teimurazis gamahmadianebas gaaadvilebda. amis Semdeg 1612 wlis zafxulSi, Sahma Teimurazi da luarsabi nadirobis sababiT mazandarans daibara. mefeebi ar endvnen mas da ar wavidnen. mefeebis es saqcieli ajanyebas udrida. 1613 wlis 16 oqtombers Sah-abasi didi laSqriT iranidan saqarTvelosken daiZra. Sahma zamTari ganjaSi gaatara da kaxeTSi mxolod 1614 w. gazafxulze SeiWra. ganjidan Sah-abasma Teimurazs kaci gaugzavna da mZevlad Svilebi mosTxova. Teimurazs ar undoda mZevlebis micema, magram kaxeTis mesveurebma mxari ar dauWires da iZulebuli gaxda, jer umcrosi Svili - aleqsandre da qeTevan dedofali gaegzavna masTan, mere ki ufrosi Svili - levani. amis Semdeg Sahma Teimurazic daibara TavisTan, magram Teimurazi ar wavida. kaxi moRvaweebi mixvdnen, rom Sah-abass bagrationebis amowyveta da kaxeTSi SeWra hqonda gadawyvetili da maSinRa Seudgnen jebirebis mSeneblobas, magram ukve gviani iyo. Sahs Sors mimavali gegmebi hqonda. miznad isaxavda qarTl-kaxeTis samefoebis mospobas da iq musulmanuri mosaxleobis Casaxlebas, saxanoebis Seqmnas. SahTan SebrZolebis Semdeg Teimurazma ukan daixia, alyas Tavi daaRwia da qarTlSi gadavida. muxranSi Teimurazs amaliTa da mcire jariT qarTlis mefe luarsabi elodeboda. aRmoCnda, rom verc qarTli gauwevda mters winaaRmdegobas. orive mefem imereTs Seafara Tavi. Sahma xelT igdo Teimurazis mTeli qoneba da Semdeg qarTlSi gadavida, gors miadga da imereTis mefes aqedan mosTxova Teimurazisa da luarsabis gadacema. imereTis mefem Zvirfasi stumrebi ar gasca, magram luarsab mefem TviTon ineba SahTan wasvla, Teimurazi ki Sahs ar endo da ar eaxla. 1615 wlis 15 seqtembers alaverdobis sadResaswaulo wirvis Semdeg kaxelebi ajanydnen. male imereTidan Teimurazi Camovida da ajanyebulebs Caudga saTaveSi. ajanyda Sirvanic. Teimurazma TviTon usardla qarTvelTa jars, mters wiwamurTan dauxvda da ramdenime saaTSi musri gaavlo. qarTvelebma brwyinvale gamarjveba izeimes. Sahi saqarTvelos isev Semoesia da aaoxra, magram wavida Tu ara, kaxelebi kvlav ajanydnen. Tumca, Sahma didZali jariT ajanyebis CaxSoba SeZlo, magram qarTvelebma guli ar gaitexes da mis sisastikes isev ajanyebiT upasuxes. 1617 w. Sahi meoTxed SemoiWra saqarTveloSi. am oTxi Semosevis ganmavlobaSi (161417 ww.) kaxeTma Tavisi mosaxleobis ori mesamedi dakarga. Teimurazi araTu Sedrka, aramed yizilbaSTa winaaRmdeg did brZolas Caudga saTaveSi da Seecada osmalTa jaris daxmarebiT mieRwia Tavisi miznisaTvis, magram osmalebma warmatebas ver miaRwies. Teimurazma 1618 wels ruseTsac sTxova daxmareba. osmaleTTan da ruseTTan misi kavSiriT gacofebulma Sah-abasma Suri Teimurazis ojaxis wevrebze iZia. 1620 wels Teimurazis vaJebi - levani da aleqsandre daasaWurisebina, ris Sedegadac umcrosi gardaicvala, xolo ufrosi - Wkuidan SeiSala. iv. javaxiSvilma ruseTTan Cveni mefeebis kavSirs aseTi Sefaseba misca: ~ruseTTan politikuri kavSiris damyarebas da rusTa mefisTvis ymadnaficobisa da erTgulebis wignis mocemas kaxTa mefis aleqsandresa da kaxeTisaTvis aramc Tu politikuri da samxedro TvalsazrisiT araferi sargebloba ar moutania, Cvens ersa da qveyanas aramcTu araviTari daxmareba ar unaxavs, aramed ufro meti vneba moutana saqarTvelos da ufro mets gansacdelsa da gasaWirSi Caagdo Cveni xalxi. sityvierad da dapirebiT ruseTis mTavroba da misi despanebi yovelgvars daxmarebasa da mfarvelobas hpirdebodnen kaxTa mefes, saqmiT ki srulebiT ara keTdeboda ra~ (iv. javaxiSvili, ~qarTveli eris istoria~, 1967, t. IV, gv. 314). ruseT-kaxeTis kavSirs stambolsa da ispahanSi mTeli seriozulobiT uyurebdnen da igi yvelaze metad aSinebdaT. saqarTvelo maT erTmorwmuneobis gamo ruseTis imperiis bunebriv mokavSired miaCndaT. sparseTi da osmaleTi rusebTan kavSiris gamo mzad iyvnen, moespoT qarTvelebi, gadaesaxlebinaT, gaemahmadianebinaT da am saqmes didi warmatebiT asrulebdnen kidec. aseT dros rusi samRvdeloeba, romelsac ruseTis mTavroba saqarTveloSi uaRresad saWiro damxmare jarisa da zarbaznis Camomsxmeli ostatebis nacvlad agzavnida, saqarTveloSi amreziT iqceoda da eklesiebSi wirvasac ar kadrulobda.

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~Sesdges Tu ara fexi rusma samRvdelo pirebma kaxeTSi, maSinve qarTvelebsa da rusebs Soris sruli gaugebroba da usiamovnebac ki Camovarda. TavianT samSobloSi mwvaleblobas miCveulni isini qarTuli saeklesio mRvdelmsaxurebis yovel Taviseburebasa da wvrilman gansxvavebasac ki eWvis TvaliT uyurebdnen da codvad da mwvaleblobad miaCndaT... kaxT batoni moskovis patriarqs mis mier gamogzavnil rus samRvdeloebaze uCioda: ~Cven eseni angelozebiviT miviReT da yovelnairad pativi veciT, magram maT Cvens eklesiebSi wirva ar moisurves. 1262 weli sruldeba, rac Cven berZnebisgan qristianoba miviReT. aq, CvenTan patriarqebica da mitropolitebic yofilan, mTawmindelnic, sinelnic da ierusalimelnic. yvelas CvenTan wirvac uwiriaT da, rogorc erTmorwmuneT SeeferebaT, CvenTan ise eWiraT Tavi~ (iv. javaxiSvili, ~qarTveli eris istoria~, gv. 319). es sityvebi Sah-abasis Semosevamde sul ramdenime wliT adre iwereboda. 1623 wels Teimurazma kvlav sTxova daxmareba ruseTs. amis sapasuxod deda Teimurazisa - wm. qeTevani - sastikad awames da mokles 1624 wels. qeTevan dedofalma 12 weli gaatara sparseTis tyveobaSi. misi cxovreba aRwerili aqvs ramdenime ucxoel mkvlevars. maT Soris: arqanjelo lambertis, pietro dela vales, ambrosio duS anJuSs da sxv. qeTevan dedofals Tan axlda 50-mde piri, maT Soris mRvdlebic. mRvdlebis saxelebi yofila giorgi da mose. mose sparselebs qeTevanis wamebamde mouklavT wamebiT. misi mokvlis mizezi is iyo, rom sparselebis azriT, igi dedofals marTlmadidebel qristianul sarwmunoebas ganumtkicebda da ori axalgazrda ufliswulis cxovrebas warmarTavda. moses sikvdilis Semdeg qeTevan dedofalTan meore mRvdeli - giorgi darCa, romelic aseve Tavdadebulad emsaxureboda mas. aRsaniSnavia, rom im dros, roca iranSi mravlad iyo somxuri da kaTolikuri eklesiebi, iq arc erTi qarTuli eklesia ar arsebobda. amis gamo eklesiaSi locvas monatrebuli qeTevani mis saxlTan axlos - erT-erT eklesiaSi Sedioda da loculobda. amis gamo ara erTi da ori misioneri amtkicebda, qeTevanma ~kaTolikuri~ aRmsarebloba miiRoo, rac, cxadia, ar dadasturda. ramdenime dRis Semdeg, roca qeTevan dedofali SirazSi Caiyvanes, masTan TviT imamyuli-xani mivida, jer esaubra, xolo Semdeg Sah-abasis survili gadasca, uareyo qristianuli sarwmunoeba da mahmadianoba mieRo. dedofalma mtkice uari uTxra. imamyuli-xanma Sahs Seatyobina qeTevanis pasuxi da Sahmac misi wamebis brZaneba gasca. evropeli misionerebis dakvirvebiT Sah-abasis mier miRebuli gadawyvetileba qeTevanis ZaliT gamahmadianebis an wamebiT mokvlis Sesaxeb sagareo garemoebiTac yofila gamowveuli: ~moskovis mefem Sahs gaugzavna elCoba, raTa eTxova misTvis, gaeTavisuflebina qeTevan dedofali da igi moskovSi gaegzavna am elCebTan erTad~ (i. tabaRua, gv. 120). iranSi arsebobda kanoni, romlis mixedviT gamahmadianebul qristians neba ar hqonda samSobloSi dabrunebisa. am kanons mkacrad icavdnen. maSasadame, Tu qeTevani mahmadianobas miiRebda, aRar gauSvebdnen sparseTidan da elCebic damarwmunebel pasuxs miiRebdnen, xolo Tu sikvdiliT dasjidnen, Sahi elCebs etyoda, rom igi ukve gardaicvala. Sah-abasis mier qeTevanTan sagangebod gagzavnili sami emisari da maTTan erTad imamyuli-xani qeTevan dedoflisgan Sahis brZanebis Sesrulebas daJinebiT moiTxovdnen. pasuxisTvis ramdenime dRe misces. am xanSi dedofali wamebisaTvis ganemzada. ukanaskneli dRec dadga. 1624 wlis 22 seqtembers, qeTevans Sahis ukanaskneli brZaneba moaxsenes: an mahmadianoba mieRo an sastiki wamebisaTvis momzadebuliyo. igi boZze gaakres da welamde gaSiSvlebuli sastikad scemes. sisxli niaRvariviT sdioda, Semdeg cxeli SanTebiTa da lursmnebiT awames. jalaTebma usastikesi wamebiT mokles dedofali. wminda nawilebi frangebma waiRes, xolo xeli da mklavi maT Teimurazs gaugzavnes. wm. qeTevani qarTulma eklesiam imTaviTve wmindanad Seracxa. dedofalma Tavisi magaliTiT sruliad saqarTvelo gamahmadianeba-gaTaTrebisagan ixsna. wminda mefe luarsab II qarTlis bagrationTa samefo ojaxma eniT auwereli gmiruli Tavdadeba gamoiCina osmal-yizilbaSTa winaaRmdeg mamulisa da sarwmunoebisaTvis brZolaSi. luarsab I-is Zem, mxne da Zlierma mebrZolma svimon mefem sparsTagan datyvevebis Jams mtkiced daicva qristes sarwmunoeba da mtkiced uaryo mahmadianobis miReba, risTvisac alamuTis cixzeSi Caamwyvdia Sahma.

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luarsab II iyo mefe svimonis SviliSvili, ~qarTlis cxovreba~ mas axasiaTebs, rogorc ~mSvenier da Semkobil~ kacs, anton kaTalikosi ki solomons, daviTsa da gedeons adarebs. 1603 wels mamis - mefe giorgis gardacvalebis Semdeg luarsabi oblad darCa or dasTan erTad. ramdenime wlis Semdeg TaTarTa laSqari TrialeTis mxridan Semoesia saqarTvelos. mefe luarsabi am dros cxireTs imyofeboda. mas arc laSqari axlda Tan da arc brZolisaTvis iyo momzadebuli. TaTarTa moTareSe brboebma qarTvelTa razmi amoxoces da manglis-cxireTisaken gaiWrnen, magram RmrTis gangebiT, manglisis eklesia sqelma nislma dafara da TaTrebma igi ver ixiles. maSin maT kvelTas Seipyres mRvdeli, saxelad Tevdore da ubrZanes, gza eCvenebina mefis samyoflisaken. mRvdelma Tavis ganwirva amjobina mefis Ralatsa da qveynis aoxrebas da sul sxva gziT waruZRva mters, riTac kidev ufro daaSora cxireTs. TaTrebi mixvdnen, rom mRvdelma Tevdorem Tavis mefes ar uRalata da Tavi mohkveTes. Seiracxa igi ~wmidaTa mowameTa Tana~. amasobaSi mefes Tavisi laSqari mouvida. ~da misca RmerTman Zleva mefesa luarsabs, viTarca pirvel abrahamsa da gedeons da aRsrulda winaswarmetyvelisa moses mier Tqmuli levitelTaTvis brZaneba uflisa, viTarmed: xuTman Tqvenganmano waraqcioso asi da asman Tqvenganman bevreuli~, da mociqulisa pavles mier Tqmuli: ~Zmano, RvTismoyvareTa yovelive ganemarjvebis keTilad~. mtris 60 aTaskaciani laSqridan mxolod 14 aTasi gadarCenila. male mefe luarsab II-sa da mourav giorgi saakaZes Soris mtroba Camovarda. giorgi saakaZe Sah-abass Seekedla. anton kaTalikosis, vaxuStisa da beri egnataSvilis mtkicebiT Sahma ~birebiTa uRmrToisa mis monisa mzakvrisaTa~ saqarTvelos dalaSqvra gadawyvita. cbierma Sah-abasma motyuebiT gaiyvana luarsabi saqarTvelos farglebs gareT, TiTqosda sanadirod da dro rom ixelTa, daapatimra da sjulis Secvla mosTxova, magram luarsabi ~ego viTarca andamati da SeuZvrel viTarca klde, da uSiS iyo viTarca lomi sayofelsa Tvissa~. Sahi yovelnairad cdilobda luarsabis dayoliebas, magram veras gaxda. ilia WavWavaZe wers: ~mefem iTxova, macaleT sikvdilis win vilocoo, neba misces, daisvena Turme win xati RvTismSoblisa, romelica Tana hqonda da ese Seevedra: ~hoi, dedofalo RvTismSobelo, Sendami damiZs sasoeba Cemi, Sen xar nugeSismcemeli Cemi. Sen momec Sewevna wamebisa Cemisa amisa da SemrTe wmidaTa mowameTa SenTa Tana, raTa meca vadidebde mamasa, Zesa da wmidasa sulsa... mxolod did-bunebiTa kacTa Tvisebaa erTxel rwmenili da aRiarebuli gaixadon Tavis sicocxlis sagnad da qveS daugon Tavisi cxovreba da, Tu saWiroeba moiTxovs, Seswiron Tavi Tvisica niSnad imisa, rom WeSmariteba metad uRirs, vidre sakuTari Tavi da sakuTari sicocxle~... mefe mSvildis sabliT moaSTves, wmidanis sxeuls naTeli daadga, riTac mxilvelni ganakvirva. ~romelnica Sepyrobil arian sneulebiTa da saflavsa missa mieaxlebian, kurnebasa miiReben~, - wers anton kaTalikosi. wm. luarsabis suli qristes winaSe dgas qarTveli eris, saqarTvelosa da qristianTa meoxad. ~qarTvelobisaTvis~ safuZvlis gamocla XV s-is Semdeg qarTuli qristianuli saxelmwifoebi mahmadianur rkalSi moeqcnen. amitom religiam wina planze wamoiwia. daviwrovda cneba ~qarTvelis~ mniSvnelobac. am terminma aRmsareblobiT-sarwmunoebrivi mniSvneloba SeiZina. ~qarTvels~ uwodebdnen im qristians, romelic saqarTvelos eklesiis wevri iyo. magaliTad, kaTolike qarTvels ~frangs~ uwodebdnen, xolo somxur-monofizituri sarwmunoebis qarTvels - somexs. aseve yofila XIX s-is damdegsac. termin ~qarTvelis~ bedi erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos daSlisa da erTiani erovnuli sarwmunoebis rRvevis suraTs naTlad gadmoscems aRniSnul epoqaSi. ers aRara aqvs erTiani sarwmunoeba, aRara aqvs erTiani saxelmwifo. mxolod eklesiis wyalobiT inarCunebs vinaobas da saqarTvevlos eklesiis wevrebs uwodeben ~qarTvelebs~. swored amitom qarTvelobis saboloo amoZirkvis mizniT sastiki da veragi mtrebi spars-osmalebi gaafTrebiT ebrZodnen ara zogadad qristianobas, aramed swored saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesias - marTlmadideblobas. osmaleTi da sparseTi qristian-grigorianebsa da qristian-kaTolikebs ar devnidnen, xolo saqarTvelos eklesiis wevrebs sastikad aviwroebdnen, aiZulebdnen, mieRoT mahmadianoba, an Tu isev qristianad darCebodnen, ~gasomxebuliyvnen~ an ~gafrangebuliyvnen~. isic unda aRiniSnos, rom osmaleTi sazogadod marTlmadideblobas ki ar ebrZoda, aramed mxolod saqarTvelos eklesiis marTlmadideblobas. osmaleTSi sarwmu-

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noebrivi avtonomia hqondaT im marTlmadideblebs, romlebic konstantinopolis patriarqs eqvemdebarebodnen. maT ~berZnebs~ uwodebdnen osmalurad - ~rum-mileTs~. mesxeTis dapyrobis Semdeg osmaleTma brZola gamoucxada ~qarTvelobas~. qarTvelad darCena gausaZlisi xdeboda, amitom qarTuli mosaxleobis udidesi nawili ara marto gaTaTrda, aramed gasomxda kidec. qarTuli kuTxeebis dapyrobis dros iq mcxovrebi qarTvelebi mahmadiandebodnen, xolo somxebi qristianobas inarCunebdnen. amis mizezi ki, rogorc aRiniSna, is iyo, rom sparseTma da osmaleTma somxur mosaxleobas Zalze farTo sarwmunoebrivi avtonomia mianiWa. yoveli sfero somexTa moRvaweobisa, saSinao, sagareo, sayofacxovrebo, sarwmunoebrivi ekiTxeboda mxolod da mxolod somxur eklesiasa da mis sasuliero meTaurebs. somexTa samarTlebrivi saqmeebic ki somxuri eklesiis xelSi iyo. qarTuli kaTolikuri eklesiis arsebobas romis eklesia ar aRiarebda. TandaTanobiT qarTveli kaTolike mrevli somxurma kaTolikurma eklesiam miisakuTra. amitom qarTvelTa mniSvnelovani raodenoba ara marto grigorianobis miRebiT gasomxda, aramed - kaTolikobis aRiarebiTac. saerTod somxuri eklesia advilad ierTebda da asomxebda ucxotomelebs. XVIIXVIII ss-Si man gansakuTrebiT bevri qurTi gaaqristiana, rac sabolood am gaqristianebuli qurTebis gasomxebas moaswavebda. qarTveloba, romelic TurqeTis imperiis sazRvrebSi (mesxeTi da sxva) aRmoCnda, aiZules, gamosuliyo qarTuli eklesiis samwysodan (e.i. daeTmo ~qarTveloba~) da iZulebiT moaqcies mahmadianur, grigorianul an kaTolikur religiaTa sferoSi, ris Sedegadac sabolood igi an TaTrdeboda, an somxdeboda. msgavsadve TaTrdebodnen anda somxdebodnen qarTvelebi sparseTis imperiaSi da xSirad am imperiis provinciad gadaqceul aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi. sparseTi gaafTrebiT ebrZoda qarTvelobas anu qarTul qristianobas, maSin roca qristianobis sxva mimdinareobebs garkveul SeRavaTebs aniWebda. mowyalebas ar aklebdnen sparselebi somexTa im religiur centrs, romelic maT saxelmwifos sazRvrebSi iyo moqceuli. SoTa lomsaZes aRwerili aqvs sxvadasxva SeRavaTebi da upiratesobebi, romelTac sparsi da osmalo xelisuflebi aniWebdnen somxebsa da maT erovnul eklesias. XVII-XVIII ss-Si saqarTvelo faqtiurad gayofili iyo or mahmadianur saxelmwifos - sparseTsa da osmaleTs Soris. spars-osmalTa batonobis dros ara marto mesxeTsa da samxreT saqarTveloSi, aramed qarTl-kaxeTSic uamravi qarTveli tovebda erovnul qarTul eklesias, e.i. ~qarTvelobas~ da mahmadiandeboda, somxdeboda, berZndeboda an ~frangdeboda~. imis Semdeg, rac sparseTma qarTlSi gamogzavna gamahmadianebuli bagrationi rostom-xani, qarTulma saxelmwifoebriobam dakarga erovnuli saxe Sedegmac ar daayovna. Tuki XVII s-is damdegs kaxeTSi yofila 20 saepiskoposo, qarTlSi - 21, xolo mesxeTSi - 14-mde, XVIII s-is 40-ian wlebSi qarTl-kaxeTSi sul ramdenime moqmedi saepiskoposoRa arsebobda, xolo mesxeTSi aRarc erTi. renegatobis gzaze damdgari axalcixis gamahmadianebuli qarTveli faSebi TviTonve uwyobdnen xels samcxeSi qristianobis daTrgunvas da mahmadianobis danergvas. samcxeSi mahmadianobis gavrcelebis Sedegad mniSvnelovnad Semcirda qristianuli religiis msaxurTa ricxvi, qristiani mosaxleoba faqtiurad uwinamZRvrod darCa. didi xnis ganmavlobaSi icavda glexoba mama-papaTa sarwmunoebas, magram umwyemsod darCenili da gauTavebeli gadasaxadebiT dabegrili TandaTan ucxo rjuls iRebda. mahmadianurma imperiebma TavianT mizans nawilobriv miaRwies imiT, rom qarTvelebis eTnikur TviTSemecnebas safuZveli gamoacales. qarTuli eklesiis avtritetis Tu ekonomikuri safuZvlis Seryeva qarTvelobis denacionalizaciasac iwvevda. ~xelmwife iveriisa~ - levan II dadiani, qarTuli socialur-politikuri sistemis ~qarTvelobis~ - damcveli odiSis mTavari, levan II dadiani (1611-1657), RvTis moyvare, eklesiaTa maSenebeli, amasTanave didi mecenati da marTlmadideblobis amaRorZinebeli iyo. Tavis samTavroSi ganaaxla yvela dangreuli eklesia da monasteri, usaxuravoni gadaxura, xelaxla moaCuqurTma, rac umTavresia, yvela eklesiaSi aRadgina wirva-locva, isini Seamko barZimfeSxumebiT, mravali Weduri xatiT. aseve aRadgina da valebisgan gamoixsna ierusalimis jvris monasteri. levan II dadiani iyo qarTuli kulturis udidesi mecenati XVII saukuneSi. misi brZanebiTa da xarjiT aris gadawerili ~vefxistyaosnis~ Cvenamde moRweuli uZvelesi TariRiani xelnaweri, romelic daasuraTebina kidec mamuka TavaqaraSvils.

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XVII saukune qarTuli kulturisaTvis uaRresad araxelsayreli periodi iyo. qveyana nawilebad daiSala, mterma aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo daipyro. aseT viTarebaSi levan dadianma miiRo zegardamo Zali da daiwyo zrunva saqarTvelos gasaerTianeblad. man icoda rom yvela ubedurebis mizezi iyo qveynis daSla, danawevreba, rom mxolod gaerTianebuli saqarTvelo SeZlebda mtris gandevnasa da eris gaZlierebas. levan II dadianis mimoweridan Cans, rom misi TvalsazrisiT bagrationTa samefo dinastia XVII saukuneSi dampyrobelma sparselebma CamoaSores qveynis mmarTvelobas. manamde ki TviTon bagrationebma erTmaneTs Soris gainawiles qveyana, ramac Camoayaliba erTmaneTisagan damoukidebeli samefoebi qarTlisa, kaxeTisa da imereTisa, xolo Semdgom erTmaneTi daasustes gauTavebeli SuRliT da urTierTbrZoliT. sabolood, Sah-abazis mier wmida mowame luarsab II-s mokvlis Semdgom, faqtiurad Sewyda qarTlis kanonieri samefo dinastiis mmarTveloba. aseve sparseTma SeZlo kaxeTis dapyrobac da iqedan kanonieri samefo dinastiis gaZeveba. levan II dadianis dros imereTis samefo taxtic Seryeuli iyo. aqac samefo dinastiis legitimuroba saeWvo xdeboda, samefo taxtze xan gverdiTi Stos warmomadgeneli (WuWunaiSvili) adioda, xan kidev gurielTa samTavros saxlis wevrebi. radganac aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, viTarca sparseTis xeldebul qveyanas, ar SeeZlo yofiliyo saqarTvelos politikuri gamaerTianebeli, xolo imereTis samefo dasustebuli iyo, levan II dadiani saqarTvelos kulturis, suverenuli saxelmwifos gaerTianebis saqmes piradad Caudga saTaveSi. mizezi amisa gaxldaT isic, rom odiSi anu samegrelos samTavro dadianis mmarTvelobis dros gaZlierda samxedro da ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT. qarTuli kulturis centrebmac samegreloSi gadainacvla. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos rbeva-aoxrebis dros qarTuli mwignobrobis saeklesio cxovrebis, kulturis, ferwerisa Tu Weduri xelovnebis (xatebis) mravali axali kera samegreloSi gaCnda. levan II-m SeZlo Tavis gavlenis sferoSi moeqcia sruliad dasavleTi saqarTvelo. misi mmarTvelobis damdegs afxazeTi odiSis (samegrelos) ganuyofel nawils Seadgenda, aseve svaneTic, xolo guriisa da imereTis gavlenis qveS moqceva levan II dadians ar gasWirvebia. maSasadame, suverenuli saqarTvelos erTaderTi faqtiuri mepatrone iyo levan II dadiani da is aseve moixsenebda kidec Tavis Tavs: - ~xelmwifeTa xelmwife dadiani leon yovlisa saqarTveloTa patroni~. caiSuri gulanis am minaweridan Cans, rom imJamad odiSi anu samegrelo ara mxolod saqarTveloa anu qarTvelTa qveyana, aramed odiSis mmarTveli sruliad saqarTvelos gamaerTianebeli da misi patronia. levan II-is titulidan (~yovlisa saqarTveloTa patroni~) Cans, rom XVII saukuneSi erovnuli cnobierebis ukiduresi dakninebis epoqaSi samegrelos mosaxleobis erovnuli identoba Seuryevelia da qveynis daSla-danawevrebis miuxedavad mtkicea. aqauri sazogadoeba fiqrobs ara imaze, rom gamoiyenos Seqmnili viTareba da qveynis daSlis dros aaRorZinos kuTxuri cnobiereba, aramed iRvwis, raTa qveynis sxva nawilebis uZlurebis dros mterma ar moSalos erTiani iveriis suvereniteti da saswrafod gaaerTianos daSlili qveyana. aseT dros samegrelos sazogadoebaSi Caisaxa imedi imisa, rom saqarTvelos gaerTianebis saqmeSi daexmarebinaT ruseTis Zlieri saxelmwifo. amitomac gagzavnes elCad ruseTSi mRvdeli gabriel gegenava. man 1636 wlisaTvis Sesabamisi dokumentebi warudgina ruseTis saxelmwifo moxeleebs. levan II dadiani sigelSi ruseTis xelmwifisadmi Tavis samTavros uwodebs ara odiSs anda samegrelos, aramed iveriis mxares. levani aRniSnavs: ~iyo iveriis miwaze xuTi xelmwife, maTgan sparseTis Sahma ori saxelmwifo daamxo, xolo darCenili sami saxelmwifo RvTis SewevniT imarTeba mis mier~. e.i. mefe leontis mier (ase uwodebdnen mas ruseTSi) ( 5 2 , 3- , ~ ( , (1639-1640), . 2005, gv. 114). romeli saxelmwifoebi iyo leon II dadianis xelSi 1640 wlisaTvis? odiSis garda imereTis samefo da guriis samTavro. rac Seexeba afxazeTsa da svaneTs, rogorc aRvniSneT, isini odiSis samTavros Semadgenel nawilebad miiCneoda. amitomac imereTi, guria da odiSia is sami saxelmwifo, romelTa mmarTvelad levan II dadians miaCnda Tavisi Tavi. devnili Teimuraz I ruseTis xelmwifis kars acnobebda kidec, rom levan II dadiani Tavis Tavs miiCnevda iveriis miwebis erTaderT mefed. es iyo realuri faqti imJamad. ruseTis samefo karic adasturebda, rom im droisaTvis ~iveriis miwebis~ namdvili xelmwife (~mefe~) mxolod levan II dadiani anu ~leonti~ mefe iyo. kerZod ruseTis mefe mixeili levan II dadianisaTvis micemul sigelSi aRniSnavda - ~iveriis miwaze iyo xuTi

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xelmwife. maTgan ori gaanadgura sparseTis Sahma, xolo darCenil sam saxelmwifos RvTis SewevniT marTav Sen~ (iqve. gv. 165). amave sigelSi samegrelos ewodeba leon II dadianis iveriis miwa da ara mxolod samegrelos ewodeba iveriis miwa, aramed mTel istoriul saqarTvelos, mis dasavleT da aRmosavleT mxareebs. leon II-s ase mimarTaven: ~ ~, ~ ~. samegrelo iveriaa, xolo dasavleT saqarTvelos mmarTveli iveriis mefea imJamindeli ruseTisaTvis. aRsaniSnavia, rom suverenuli mmarTveloba levan II dadianma Tavisi xmliTa da TurqebTan diplomatiuri da politikuri omiT moipova. imJamad TurqeTis saSinao da saerTaSoriso mdgomareoba garTulebuli iyo da levani TurqeTs mxolod mcire xarks uxdida savaWro urTierTobis sanacvlod. mRvdeli gabriel gegenava, iveriis miwebis xelmwifis elCi ruseTSi, acxadebda, suverenuli iveriis imJamindeli saeklesio centri biWvinTaa, sadac iveriis patriarqi ziso. aqedan Cans, rom imdroisaTvis afxazeTi jer kidev Sedioda samegrelos samTavroSi anu afxazeTi imJamad jer kidev iveriad iwodeboda. dadianis elCi sarwmunoebriv sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT acxadebda, am vrcel teritoriaze sarwmunoeba (rjuli), saeklesio wignebi, maSasadame wirva-locvis ena iyo mxolod da mxolod qarTuli. Tumca ki SinaobaSi sakuTari sametyvelo erTmaneTTan urTierTobis enac gvaqvso. - ~ , , ~. ~yovlisa saqarTveloTa patroni, xelmwifeTa xelmwife~ levan dadiani albaT SeZlebda kidec saqarTvelos gaerTianebas, rom ara adiRe-Cerqezebis anu afsuebis Semosevebi, romelTac XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi sastikad gaanadgures samegrelos samTavro anu qvemo iveriis politikuri centri. ise gamZafrda Crdilo kavkasiidan adiRe-CerqezTa Semosevebi, rom levani Tavisi mmarTvelobis bolo periodSi iZulebuli gaxda, Tavdacvis mizniT aego safortifikacio nagebobebi, magaliTad, amJamad cnobili afxazeTis didi kedeli. amis mowme misioneri arqanjelo lamberti ambobs, levan dadianma Zalze didi danaxarjebiT aago 60 aTasi nabijis sigrZis kedelio. amasve wers meore misioneri kastelic, romelic aRniSnavs, es kelasuris kedeli gamiznulia afxazTa Sesakaveblado. adiRe-Cerqezebma anu afsuebma im droisaTvis SeZles am kedlis iqiT mdebare teritoriis dapyroba da, radganac maT mier damorCilebul qveyanas afxazeTi ewodeboda, Tavadac afxazebi ewodaT mxaris saxelis Sesabamisad. afxazeTis anu kelasuris kedlis sigrZe asi kilometria. levan dadianis brZanebiT igi metad swrafad augiaT. zogjer koSkebs usaZirkvlod, pirdapir miwaze dgamdnen. kedeli icavda imJamad odiSis samTavroSi Semavali dRevandeli soxumis, gulrifSis, oCamCirisa da galis raionebis uxvmosavlian samiwaTmoqmedo mxareebs da iq arsebul qarTul saepiskoposoebsa da qristianul mosaxleobas. vaxuSti bagrationi wers, rom dRevandeli axali aTonis anu anakofiis ~aRmosavliT zRvidam mTamde Sevlo zRude didi levan dadianma afxazTa gamousvlelobisaTvis~. mas am mSeneblobis dros exmarebodnen bediis, moqvisa da drandis episkoposebi mrevliTa da TanxiT, magram momxduri afsuebis Sekaveba ver SeZles. sabolood afxazebad wodebulma am adiRe-Cerqezebma daipyres samegrelos ekonomikuri siZlieris wyaro zemoT xsenebuli raionebi, mospes zemoT xsenebuli saepiskoposoebi, maTi mrevli anu samegrelos mosaxleoba daxoces anda daatyveves. gadarCenili adgilobrivi mkvidri mosaxleoba momsaxure ymebad, faqtiurad monebad gadaaqcies. dResac ki afxazurad dabal fenas ~agirua~ anu megreli (guruli) ewodeba. samegrelos im droisaTvis mravalricxovani mosaxleoba ganaxevrebula. misionerebi weren, rom ormoci aTasi kacidan qveynis mosaxleobis naxevari anu oci aTasi kaci amowyda. es im droisaTvis Zalze didi raodenoba iyo. wirva-locva sabolood gauqmda biWvinTis, drandis, moqvis da bediis saepiskoposoebSi. ayvavebuli qveyana gaCanagda. levan dadianma dainaxa, rom afsua-Cerqezebis Semosevebis Sedegad iveriis anu saqarTvelos gamaerTianebeli bolo Zala iSriteboda. marTlac TiTqmis saukuniT gadaido saqarTvelos gaerTianebis saqme da ganaxlda erekle II-is dros, levanis gardacvalebidan asi wlis Semdeg. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia, rom levan II dadianis dros XVII s-is ucxoeli saeklesio moRvaweebis SexedulebiT dasavleT saqarTvelos anu qvemo iveriis patriarqi upiratesi iyo zemo iveriis anu aRmosavleT saqarTvelos patriarqTan SedarebiT. isini qvemo iberiis (iveriis) anu dasavleT saqarTvelos (afxazeTis) kaTalikoss pirdapir uwodebdnen - ~ufross kaTalikoss~, xolo dasavleT saqarTvelos umaRles xelisufals - ~mTeli iberiis mefeTa mefes~.

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ra iyo amis mizezi? amJamad sayovelTaod gavrcelebuli TvalsazrisiT mcxeTeli kaTalikosi upiratesi iyo afxazeTis kaTalikosze. ~erTs uxucesi, xolo meores umrwmesi ewodeboda~. es marTlac ZiriTadad ase gaxldaT, magram XVII s-sa da XVIII s-is damdegs, radganac aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo mahmadianTa xelSi aRmoCnda, saerTaSoriso saeklesio wreebSi Camoyalibda Tvalsazrisi, rom swored qvemo iberiis anu dasavleT saqarTvelos meTauri aris upiratesi, sruliad iveriis saeklesio xelisufali. marTlac XVII s-is ierusalimeli patriarqi dosiTeosi wers: ~iberiaSi ori avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposia, romelTac qarTvelebi uwodeben kaTalikosebs. qvemo iberias, romelsac Zvelad kolxeTs da lazikas uwodebdnen, aqvs eparqiebi imereTSi, guriaSi, samegreloSi, afxazeTSi, svaneTsa da mesxeTis nawilSi. qvemo iberiis kaTalikosi pativiT ufro metia zemo iberiis kaTalikosze. iberebi qvemo iberiis kaTalikoss miiCneven ufros kaTalikosad, radganac mefe, e.i. imereTis Tavi maTTan iwodeba mTeli iberiis mefeTa mefed~. (dosiTeosi, ierusalimeli patriarqebi, Tavi V, gv. 510, wignidan ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria~, tomi II, 1998, gv. 90). XVII s-is meore ierusalimeli patriarqi qrisanTi (xrisanfi) imaves wers: ~saqarTveloSi, romelsac adre iberia erqva iyo ori avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposi, romelTac Cveulebis Tanaxmad uwodeben kaTalikosebs. arqiepiskoposi qvemo iberiisa iwodeba imereTis, oseTis, guriis da sruliad qvemo iberiis unetaress kaTalikosad anu martivad sruliad iberiis unetares kaTalikosad, rogorc ufrosi zemo iberiis kaTalikosze, xolo meore e.i. zemo iberiisa iwodeba qarTlis, kaxeTis, alvaneTis da sruliad zemo iberiis unetares kaTalikosad~ (iqve. gv. 94). aqedan kargad Cans, rom XVII s-is saerTaSoriso wreebi, ruseTis xelmwifis kari da berZnuli sapatriarqoebi aRiareben, rom dasavleTi saqarTvelo anu qvemo iberia imJamad iyo saqarTvelos suverenitetisa da politikuri damoukideblobis centri. marTlac biWvinTel kaTalikoss sruliad saqarTvelos umaRles saeklesio xelisuflad miaCnda Tavi. magaliTad: biWvinTeli kaTalikosi grigoli saqmian sabuTebsa da sigel-gujarebs adasturebda beWdiT, romelsac hqonda Semdegi warwera: ~grigol mwyemsi qristes mier yovlisa saqarTveloisa kaTalikosi~ (qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, 1970, gv. 675). ase rom, ar aris swori amJamindeli Tvalsazrisi, TiTqosda erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos daSlis Semdeg afxazeTis sakaTalikoso qarTlis eklesias gamoeyo, piriqiT, Tavisi Tavi afxazeTis kaTalikoss sruliad saqarTvelos mwyemsad miaCnda da qristes mier dadgenilad ~yovlisa saqarTveloisa~ mamamTavrad. mis am uzenaesobas, rogorc vTqviT, imJamindeli saerTaSoriso wreebic adasturebdnen. am fonze da am mniSvnelobiT aris saxeldebuli levan II dadiani yoveli iveriis xelmwifed. uamravi dokumentidan da sigel-gujaridan naTlad Cans, rom biWvinTis RvTismSoblis anu afxazeTis sakaTalikosos samwysos qarTvelebi Seadgendnen anu imJamindel megrelebs, gurulebs, svanebs, imerlebs da sxv. ganviTarebuli hqondaT ara viwro kuTxuri tomobrivi TviTSemecneba, aramed erTiani erovnuli. Sesabamisi dokumentis damowmebamde unda vTqvaT, rom aRniSnuli kuTxeebis mosaxleobas viwro kuTxuri eTnikur-tomobrivi TviTSemecneba ganuviTarda XIX da XX saukuneebSi rusuli da komunistur-aTeisturi mmarTvelobis dros. amis dasamowmeblad moviyvanT amonawers afxazeTis kaTalikosis 1733 wlis sigelidan, sadac naTqvamia: ~pirvelwodebulsa andrias mieca CrdiloeTisa queyana moqcevad, Cvenebisa wmidisa RvTismSobelisaTa, rameTu Cven qarTvelni misni wilxvdomilni varT~ (iqve. gv. 727). biWvinTis RvTismSoblis anu afxazeTis sakaTalikosis mrevli wmida andrias mier moqceuli mTeli dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleoba eTnikuri qarTvelebia. es aris ueWveli mosazreba im droisaTvis. amitomac iyo am xalxis saxelmwifo, kulturisa da saeklesio ena mxolod da mxolod qarTuli (uZvelesi xanidanve). swored am qarTvelobis gamo gandevnes afsua-Cerqezebma Tavisi kaTedrebidan jer biWvinTis kaTalikosi, Semdeg ki drandis, moqvisa da bediis episkoposebi. maTi mrevli ki, istoriuli samegrelos mosaxleni, tyveebad gaixades. levan II dadiani TavgamodebiT ibrZoda saqarTvelos gasaerTianeblad. surda, saqarTvelos ganTavisufleba osmalebisa da yizilbaSebisgan, mTeli iveriis suverenuli saxelmwifos aRorZineba. mzad iyo, daxmareboda sparselTa mier kaxeTidan gaZevebul Teimuraz I-s, raTa is taxtze asuliyo, viTarca qristiani mefe. Teimurazs Tavis mxriv surda, Tavisi SviliSvili erekle, viTarca iberiis xelmwife, aRezarda levan dadians. swored levanma aiyvana sakaTalikoso taxtze nikoloz irubaqiZe-ColoyaSvili, saxelovani saeklesio moRvawe. levan II dadianis gardacvaleba udidesi danakargi iyo saqarTvelosTvis, radganac sul ramdenime weliwadSi odiSis anu ~iveriis~ sazRvari Zlier Semcirda Crdilokavkasiel afsuaTa Semosevebis gamo. mas ase axasiaTebs wm. giorgis gelaTuri gulanis mina-

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werSi erTi sasuliero piri: ~miicvala saxelovani, saxelganTqmuli, mravaljer gamarjvebuli dadiani batoni levan, saukunomca ars xseneba misi~. Cvens sazogadoebaSi gabatonebuli TvalsazrisiT md. enguris iqiT afxazeTi TiTqosda dasaxlebuli iyo eTnikuri jgufiT - ~afxazebiT~, xolo istoriulad sazRvari megrelTa jgufsa da eTnikur afxazebs Soris iyo enguri. aseTi Tvalsazrisi Camoyalibda rusebis batonobis dros XIX-XX ss-Si. sinamdvileSi, levan II dadianis mematianeTa cnobebiT, odiSis samTavros dasavleTi sazRvari gadioda kelasur-kodorTan. ierusalimis patriarq dosiTeosis cnobiT odiSis sazRvari kidev ufro CrdiloeTiT punqt dioskuriasTan gadioda. mTeli es mxare anu istoriuli samegrelo, igive odiSi dasaxlebuli iyo ara afxazebiT, aramed megrelebiT. es teritoria sabuTebSi ixsenieba, rogorc ~dadianis miwa~ anu ~iveria~, xolo am miwa-wylis mflobeli - ~iveriis mefed~, ~saqarTvelos xelmwifed~ anu, sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, am miwa-wylis mosaxleni levan II dadianis dros iyvnen ara afxazebi, aramed megrelebi, afxazebi ki saxlobdnen Tanamedrove gudauTisa da gagris raionebSi. cxadia, afxazebic eTnikuri qarTvelebi iyvnen, magram Tavdapirvelad swored maT SeecvalaT eTnikur-erovnuli cnobiereba, Seerivnen Crdilo kavkasiidan gadmosaxlebul afsua-Cerqezebs, meomar tomebs, Semdeg ki uwinamZRvres maT, maTze dayrdnobiT gadmolaxes levan II dadianis mier afsuaTa Sesakaveblad agebuli 100 km sigrZis kedeli da Seesivnen istoriul samegrelos anu Tanamedrove soxumis, gulrifSis, gudauTisa da galis raionebs. XVII s-is 80-iani wlebidan TviTmxilveli ierusalimeli patriarqis dosiTeosis cnobiT am afxazebad saxeldebulma afsuebma moaoxres teritoria ~dioskuriidan hipiusamde~ (e.i. soxumidan cxeniswylamde), Semdeg ki daiwyo dapyrobili samegrelos teritoriaze afsua-CrdilokavkasielTa masobrivi Camosaxleba. gaCnda axali istoriul-geografiuli cnebebi - ~abJua~, ~samurzayano~. istoriuli iberia ~CerqezeTad~ gadaiqca. amitomac XIX s-is mogzaurebi spenseri da gamma am teritorias (soxumidan cxeniswylamde) ~CerqezeTs~ (CerqezeTis nawils) uwodebdnen. ase rom levan II dadiani WeSmaritad iyo ~xelmwife iveriisa~ anu iveriis miwebis bolo mflobeli istoriul samegreloSi dioskuria-kodoramde. TaobebisTvis dauviwyari iqneba levan II dadianis zrunva qarTuli kulturisa da qristianobis asayvaveblad, qarTuli social-politikuri sistemis anu ~qarTvelobis~ dasacavad mTis elementebisgan (anu afsuebisgan) da gaosmaleba-gaTaTrebisagan. levan II dadianis ojaxSi aRizarda ~saqarTvelos dedofali - mariami~, romelmac qarTuli suliskveTeba STanerga sparselTa mier vinaobadakarguli qarTlis mefe-xanebis rostomisa da Sahnavazis karze. mefe Teimuraz I-is brZola ~qarTvelobisaTvis~ mefe Teimuraz I, qarTveli erisaTvis erT-erT yvelaze saSinel saukuneSi, msgavsad Tavisi wmida dedisa - qeTevanisa, farad da darajad edga erovnul sarwmunoebasa da qarTvelobas. Teimurazi ebrZoda qristianobis usastikes mtrebs, uzarmazari imperiis mmarTvelebs: Sah-abas I-s, Sah-sefisa da Sah-abas II-s 1606 wlidan 1663 wlamde, TiTqmis samoci wlis manZilze. Teimurazi Rrmad morwmune qristiani iyo, erTguli Svili saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiisa, romlis mniSvneloba kargad esmoda. 1661 wels Teimurazi berad aRikveca. am dros is moxuci iyo, magram monazvnuri Tavmdabloba da sakuTari Tavis mkacrad gansja axalgazrdobis wlebSic axasiaTebda. mefe Teimuraz I qristes erTguli meomari iyo. igi ara marto sparseT-osmaleTis mmarTvelebs, aramed maTi politikis gamtarebel gadarjulebul qarTvelebsac ebrZoda, romelnic aranaklebi ubedurebis momtanni iyvnen saqarTvelosTvis. erT-erTi aseTi qarTveli gaxldaT mefed wodebuli rostom-xani, romelsac Sahma qarTl-kaxeTis mmarTveloba Caabara Teimurazis gaZevebis Semdeg. Teimuraz mefe 74 wlisa gardaicvala qristes erTgulebis gamo sparsTa mier astrabadis cixeSi gamomwyvdeuli. igi saqarTveloSi Camoasvenes da alaverdis taZarSi dakrZales sxva qristian mefeTa gverdiT. rostom-xani ki, sparsTa pativiTa da didebiT aRvsili, TbilisSi gardaicvala, TaTrebma glova-tiriliT sparseTSi waasvenes da qalaq yumSi damarxes. yumi sparseTis iseTive wmida adgili iyo, rogorc qarTvelTaTvis mcxeTa, alaverdi da gelaTi. Tu ratom ebrZoda Teimuraz I mefe rostoms da ra mniSvneloba hqonda qarTvelobis SesanarCuneblad Teimurazis daumorCileblobas, kargad Cans mematianeTa mier rostomis saqmianobis Sefasebis mixedviT. istorikosebi weren, rom rostomi qarTlSi gaabatona da mefed aqcia ucxo Zalam, sparsTa samxedro Zalam. igi zne-CveulebiT ufro sparseli iyo, vidre qarTveli. sparseTidan Tan wamoiyvana gaTaTrebuli qarTvelebi da moxeleebad ganawesa. qarTlSi gamravlda angareba da simdidris moyvareba, siZva da arawmindaneba, sodom-gomoruli codva. bilwebis moqmed qarTvelebs didad pativs scem-

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da da usmenda rostomi, xolo simarTlis moyvarulT piriqiT eqceoda. qarTvelebma iswavles yizilbaSuri sma-Wama, gayides mama-papaTagan naboZebi mamulebi da agarakebi, icvamdnen, Wamdnen da svamdnen. Svilebis momavalze ki aRar zrunavdnen. beri egnataSvili wers: am droidan daiwyes tyveTa gayidva Tavadebma da gamravlda codva. TviT samRvdelonic midrknen keTilisagan, mouZlurda sjuli da saeklesio wesi ganiryvna, radgan aRar iRvwodnen sulisaTvis, mxolod xorcisaTvis zrunavdnen. qarTul eklesias, cxadia, ar SeeZlo mSvidad eyurebina qarTvelTa sulieri gadagvarebisaTvis. amitom mouwyo ajanyeba rostoms qarTlis kaTalikosma evdemon diasamiZem, romelsac surda, qarTvelobisaTvis Tavdadebuli mebrZoli Teimurazi exila qarTlis samefo taxtze. rostomma qarTlis kaTalikosi sastiki sikvdiliT moakvdina, xolo misi gvami Seuracxyo. samagierod samRvdelo pirebs jamagiri ganuwesa, xalxis gulis mosagebad aaSena mcxeTis sveticxovlis gumbaTi da sxva eklesiebi, romlebic dangreuli iyo. gansakuTrebiT sastiki iyo rostom mefis dros aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi damkvidrebuli wesi sparseTSi tyveTa gagzavnisa. swored rostoms, qarTul wes-CveulebaTa SemSlelsa da qarTvelobisaTvis Ziris gamomTxrels ebrZoda qristiani mefe Teimuraz I, magram igi sabolood damarcxda, rac ~qarTvelobis~ damarcxebasac niSnavda. rogorc aRiniSna, am epoqaSi ~qarTveli~ ewodeboda ara yvelas, vinc Tavs qristianad miiCnevda, aramed eTnikuri warmoSobiT qarTvels, romelic imavdroulad saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis wevric iyo. SeiZleboda eTnikuri warmomavlobiT qarTveli, sarwmunoebis gamo ~TaTari~, an kidev amave mizeziT ~frangi~ an ~somexi~ yofiliyo. qarTvel ers im dros mravlad ekargeboda ~gaTaTrebuli~, ~gafrangebuli~, ~gasomxebuli~ qarTvelebi, radgan sarwmunoebis Secvla maTi erovnuli TviTSemecnebis Secvlasac iwvevda da isini im erebs ematebodnen, romelTa religiebis aRmsarebladac miaCndaT Tavi. qarTvelobis SesanarCuneblad didi mniSvneloba hqonda qarTul-erovnul, e.i. qristianul-marTlmadideblur saxelmwifos. qarTuli saxelmwifos daknineba TavisTavad iwvevda saqarTvelos eklesiis dakninebas da, maSasadame, ~qarTvelobis~ degradaciasac, magram qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis sruli gauqmeba sparseT-osmaleTma ver SeZlo. rostom mefem safuZveli daudo qarTl-kaxeTSi axali tipis saxelmwifos. erTi mxriv ar moSala Zveli qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi struqturebi, ar Secvala saxelmwifo mmarTvelobani, ZvelTaganve arsebuli qarTuli saxelo-Tanamdebobani da Tavis Tavsac ~mefes~ uwodebda, magarm meore mxriv, gza gauxsna ~yizilbaSur rigs~, Secvala xelisufalTa dasaxeleba sparsulis msgavsad, SemoiRo yizilbaSuri Tanamdebobebi, orsaxa (orpiri) gaxada Tavisi mmarTveloba. sparselebisaTvis is iyo ~vali~ - Sahis moxele, qarTvelebisaTvis - ~mefe~. sparselebis TvalsazrisiT qarTli ar gamoirCeoda sparseTisagan, qarTvelebis TvalsazrisiT kvlav qarTuli rigiT imarTeboda. wagebuli qarTuli mxare rCeboda, radgan qveyana iryvneboda da mosaxleoba eCveoda mahmadianur wessa da rigs, mahmadianur Cveulebebs. Tu adre sparseTTan uSualo brZolisas qarTvelebi inarCunebdnen maRal sulierebas, qarTvelobasa da erovnuli kulturis siwmindes, magram Zlier zaraldebodnen materialurad, axla, marTalia, materialurad aRar zaraldebodnen, magram sanacvlod knindeboda qarTuli kultura da suliereba. qveyana erovnul-sarwmunoebrivi gadagvarebis gzas daadga. ZvelqarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis adgilas damyarebuli araerovnuli qarTulyizilbaSuri saxe qarTl-kaxeTis mmarTvelobisa mTeli 112 wlis manZilze arsebobda 1632-1744 wlebSi. am dros ase Tu ise arsebobda saqarTvelos eklesiac Tavisi struqturebiT. erTaderTi erovnuli burji qarTvelobisa, mahmadianur imperiebTan mebrZoli, amitomac am imperiebisaTvis miuRebeli. mahmadianebma SeZles moespoT berZnuli saxelmwifo, amis gamo berZnuli eklesia maTTvis saSiSi aRar iyo, SeZles moespoT somxuri saxelmwifo, amis gamo somxuri eklesia maTTvis saSiSi aRar iyo, magram ver SeZles qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis sruli mospoba, romlis suli da guli da mamoZravebeli Zala saqarTvelos erovnuli eklesia gaxldaT. amitom ebrZodnen mahmadianebi saqarTvelos eklesias. amave dros maT SeZles rogorc berZnul, ise somxur eklesiebze TavianTi zedamxedveloba ganewesebinaT. orive am eklesias, romelTac didZali mrevli hyavdaT, mahmadianur qveynebSi mahmadiani mmarTvelebi marTva-gamgeobis saqmeSic iyenebdnen. rogor eqceoda rostom-xani saqarTvelos eklesias? radganac misi politika kompromisuli iyo, Cveni eklesiis mimarTac garkveul loialobas iCenda, magram aq aRsaniSnavia sxva ram. Tu aqamde ZvelqarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi sistemis arsebobisas saqarTvelos eklesia saxelmwifoSi upirvelesi da upiratesi sarwmunoebrivi organizacia iyo,

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axla rostomis dros, man Tavisi upiratesoba sxva qristianul mimdinareobebTan SedarebTi dakarga da sxvebs gauTanabrda. meore mxriv, rostomi rogorc sparsi moxele, valdebuli iyo gansakuTrebuli yuradReba da mzrunveloba gamoeCina somxuri eklesiisadmi. monofizitebisadmi rostomi ise usazRvro gulmowyalebas iCenda, TviT somxebs somxad, Zveli somexi xelmwifeebis aniseli bagrationebis STamomavlad miaCndaT. Tbilisi am dromde saukuneTa manZilze iyo saqarTvelos sataxto qalaqi, sadac cxovrobda qarTuli mosaxleoba, romelsac qarTuli ena, tradiciebi da wes-Cveulebebi hqonda. imis Semdeg ki, rac Tbilissa da qvemo qarTls mahmadiani bagrationi mmarTvelebi daepatronen (daud-xani, bagrat-xani, simon-xani), Tbilis-qvemo qarTli sparsuli saxelmwifos qveSevrdom qveynad iqca. aq, cxadia, somxebs miecaT is SeRavaTebi, rac saerTod sparseTSi hqondaT. rostom-xanis mmarTvelobisas Tbilisis ekonomikurma aRmavlobam kidev ufro gazarda grigorianTa raodenoba TbilisSi. rasakvirvelia, grigorianebis siWarbem qarTvelTa Seviwroeba gamoiwvia sammarTvelo da sxva sferoebSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom imdroindeli qarTuli maRali sazogadoebis nawilsac somxofiluri tendenciebi gauCnda. etyoba, msgavsi tendenciebi dabada somexTa eklesiis ayvavebam, somxuri savaWro kapitalis saerTaSoriso arenaze gasvlam, somxuri sasuliero da samecniero kulturis gafurCqvnam da Zveli qarTuli kulturul-sulieri monapovris daviwyebam. rostomis istorikosi, mis karze aRzrdili da sparseTSi moRvawe farsadan gorgijaniZe saerTod ar icnobda qarTul istoriografias, samagierod icnobda somxurs da mis mixedviT werda saqarTvelos istorias somxofiluri tendenciebiT. rogorc Cans, aseTi gaxldaT epoqis suli. qarTvelTa denacionalizacia dawyebuli iyo. am mdgomareobaSi Caayena saqarTvelo da saqarTvelos eklesia rostomis ~kompromisulma~ qarTul-sparsulma saxelmwifom. sruliad sxva iqneboda saqarTvelos mdgomareoba Teimuraz I-is saxelmwifoSi, radganac Teimurazi Zveli qarTuli erovnuli saxelmwifoebriobis damkvidrebisa da misi bunebrivi mdinarebis gansagrZobad ibrZoda. Teimurazs emxroboda qarTl-kaxeTis mosaxleobis udidesi nawili. misi mefoba qarTvelTa survili iyo. amitom rostomi Teimurazs metoqeobas ver gauwevda ucxoelTa samxedro Zalebis gareSe. Teimuraz I-ma qarTvelobas Seswira deda, Svilebi, SviliSvilebi, piradi cxovreba da bedniereba. sparseTis Seudrekeli mowinaaRmdege da sparsel dampyrobelTa winaaRmdeg ormocdaaTwlovani brZolis mesaWe yvela mis qveSevrdoms uyvarda. Sah-abasis mier kaxeTis mooxrebis Semdeg 1616 wlidan vidre 1623 wlamde Teimurazi dasavleT saqarTvelosa da osmaleTSi imyofeboda da didad iRvwoda sparsTa Sesaviwroeblad. amitom osmaleTSic ar asvenebdnen mas da mis ojaxs sparselebi, sparseTSi mZevlad gagzavnili deda da Svilebi ki uwames. Sah-abass ganzraxuli hqonda qarTl-kaxeTis mosaxleobis srulad ayra da sparseTSi gadasaxleba, xolo maT adgilas - sparselebis Casaxleba. am mizniT mouravi - giorgi saakaZe gamogzavna uzarmazari laSqriT, magram giorgi daukavSirda zurab erisTavs da SeiTanxma ajanyebuliyvnen sparsTa winaaRmdeg. ajanyeba qarTvelTa gamarjvebiT damTavrda. es iyo erT-erTi udidesi gamarjveba qarTveli eris istoriaSi. ajanyeba moxda 1623 wels, ris drosac ganadgurda yizilbaSTa mravalricxovani jari. aman Searyia Sahabasis gavlena da avtoriteti. 1625 wels irans qurTistani aujanyda. imave wels osmaleTma samcxe-saaTabagos aRmosavleTi nawili daikava da igi axalcixis safaSod aqcia. Seqmnil situaciaSi Sahma TeimurazTan Serigeba gadawyivta da 1631 wels igi gaerTianebuli qarTl-kaxeTis mefed aRiara. Teimurazi SiSis zars scemda mahmadian mmarTvelebs. amitom misi mefoba didxans ver moiTmina Sahma da saqarTvelosken kvlav gamogzavna uzarmazari jari, romelsac Teimurazis gaZeveba da ~gurjistanis valad~ rostom-xanis dasma evaleboda. 1632 wlidan gaZevebuli Teimurazis nacvlad qarTlis ~mefed~ 67 wlis rostomi dajda. berad aRkvecili Teimurazi 74 wlisa gardaicvala. ufro adre gardaicvala rostomi. mis adgilze muxraneli bagrationi - gamahmadianebuli vaxtang V (Sahnavazi) dasves. Teimurazisa da sxva erTgul SvilTa Tavdadebam qristes sarwmunoebisadmi im dros qveyana sruli gadagvarebisagan ixsna. qarTvelTa orientiri kvlav sarwmunoeba da mamuli iyo. am periodSi ewamnen qristesa da samSoblosaTvis Salva da elizbar qsnis erisTavni da biZina ColoyaSvili.

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saubedurod mahmadianur saxelmwifoebTan omSi Teimurazi damarcxda. qarTulma saxelmwifoebriobam Tvisobrivad sxva saxe miiRo. saqarTvelos eklesias, maSasadame ~qarTvelobas~, Tavis samSobloSi araviTari upiratesoba aRar hqonda. monazvnad aRkvecili Teimurazi Sahnavazma daapatimra da iranSi gagzavna SahTan. Sahi Tavdapirvelad pativiT epyroboda Teimurazs, magram Semdeg, roca qristianobis uaryofa mosTxova da uari miiRo, winaaRmdegobis gaweva ar apatia da astrabadis cixeSi gamoketa. aq gardaicvala Teimurazi 1663 wels. misi neSti kaxeTs wamoasvenes da alaverdSi dakrZales. qarTuli eklesia tyveTa syidvis winaaRmdeg XVII s-idan saqarTveloSi tyveTa syidva gavrcelda. es saSineli codva manamde Cveni xalxisTvis ucxo iyo. tyveTa syidva gviCvenebs, rom am dros qarTveloba zneobrivad dacemulia, Tumca isic unda iTqvas, rom tyveTa syidvas ufro gareSe ZalTagan iZuleba ganapirobebda. saqarTvelos, qarTvel xalxs sparseTTan da osmaleTTan gamudmebuli omi hqonda. swored amitom am qveynebma gadawyvites, daumorCilebeli, faqtiurad ekonomikur blokadaSi moqceuli saqarTvelo (dasavleT saqarTvelos marils, rkinasa da sxva nawarms garkveul periodSi ar awvdidnen) qarTuli mosaxleobisagan daecalaT. sparsel-osmalebi saqarTveloSi mxolod marTlmadidebels, e.i. qarTvels yidulobdnen. sxva sarwmunoebis mqoneni (e.i. araqarTvelni) maT ar ainteresebdaT, rac imaze metyvelebs, rom TaTrebi winaswar SemuSavebuli gegmiT moqmedebdnen. rostom-xanma, romelic uerTgulesi aRmsrulebeli iyo sparselTa nebisa, saswrafod moSala manamde arsebuli wesi - TaTrebisaTvis saqarTvelodan araqristiani monebis gagzavnisa da qarTvelTa monebad gagzavna SemoiRo. misionerTa dakvirvebidan Cans, rom sparselebsa da Turqebs tyveTa syidva saqarTveloSi qristianobisa da qarTvelobis aRmosafxvrelad undodaT. qarTvelebi masiurad gahyavdaT monebad. ara marto sparseTisa da TurqeTis centraluri olqebi, aramed provinciebic (egvipte, erayi da sxv.) savse iyo qarTveli monebiT. gayiduli qarTvelebi kargavdnen erovnebas da sxva xalxebSi iTqvifebodnen. evropel misionerTa dakvirvebiT qarTvelebi TviT saqarTveloSic kargavdnen erovnebas, roca sxva sarwmunoebis mqone ojaxSi msaxurobdnen. cnobilia, rom rostom-xanis mefobisas Tbilisis mmarTveloba somxuri sarwmunoebis moqalaqeebma Caigdes xelSi (Tumca, warmoSobiT isini qarTvelebi iyvnen). maT mravali qarTveli yma-Sinamosamsaxure da yma xelosani hyavdaT, romlebic somxur sarwmunoebas iRebdnen da somxdebodnen. aseTive iyo sxva erovnebis mebatoneTa xelqveiTi qarTvelebis bedic. m. TamaraSvilis cnobiT, misionerebi weren, rom ebraeli mebatonis ojaxSi qarTveli monebi iudevlobas iRebdnen. qarTveli xalxi Zalze mwared ganicdida tyveTa syidvas, romelsac qristianobis dakargvac mosdevda. qarTveli mematianeebi miiCnevdnen, rom am ubedurebis fuZemdebeli aRmosavleTSi rostom mefe-xani, xolo dasavleT saqarTveloSi levan dadiani iyo. am usaSinlesi codvis niSnebis gamoCenisTanave saqarTvelos eklesiam gangaSi atexa. mowveuli qna kreba, romelmac miuxedavad wodebisa am borotebis Camdeni yvela adamiani SeaCvena, magram, samwuxarod, saeklesio krebis ganCinebamac veraferi uSvela saqmes. qarTvelebis masiurad tyveebad gayidvas maTi denacionalizacia, gansakuTrebiT ki gaTaTreba mohyva. Tavi XV. qarTuli eklesia XVIII saukuneSi brZola ~gamoxsnisa da aRdgomisaTvis~ mdgomareoba, romelSic mTeli saqarTvelo imyofeboda XVII s-Si, XVIII s-is damdegsac gagrZelda. erovnuli cnobierebis gadasarCenad, upirveles yovlisa, saWiro iyo qristianuli sarwmunoebis dacva, maSasadame, dacva da gaZliereba saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiisa. saxelmwifoebrivi moRvaweobis dawyebisTanave, 1705 wels, vaxtang VI-m saeklesio kreba moiwvia. krebam qarTlis kaTalikosad ruseTidan axlad dabrunebuli vaxtangis Zma - domenti airCia. domenti ganaTlebuli pirovneba iyo, romelic Tavisi moRvaweobis pirvel etapze vaxtangs energiulad Sveloda saxelmwifo saqmeTa mogvarebaSi.

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im dros erovnuli TviTSegneba saocrad iyo dakninebuli. qveyanas sWirdeboda am Segnebis gamoRviZeba da ganmtkiceba. Seryvnili iyo qarTuli ena, dawerili ar iyo XIVXVII saukuneTa istoria, Zveli matianeebi da qronikebi daviwyebas miscemoda, xelovnebaSi sparsuli tradiciebi sWarbobda, qristianulTan SedarebiT sparsul-mahmadianur samarTals hqonda upiratesoba. erovnuli TviTSemecnebis gamosaRviZeblad da gasaRviveblad didi warmatebiT iRvwoda bagrationebis umcrosi Sto - muxran-bagrationebi da maTTan daaxloebuli, maT garSemo Semokrebili Tavdadebuli qarTvelebi. am did saqmeSi ganuzomelia vaxtang VIis, muxran batonebis dinastiis warmomadgenlis Rvawli. pirvelma warmatebebma qarTvel patriotebs afiqrebina, daesaxaT ufro didi da vrceli programa: saqarTvelos ~gamoxsna da aRdgoma~. ~gamoxsnaSi~ igulisxmeboda mahmadianuri qveynisagan Tavis daRweva. ~aRdgoma~ - saqarTvelos gaerTianebas, erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenas gulisxmobda. ~gamoxsnisa da aRdgomisaTvis~ saWiro iyo qrsitianuli saelmwifoebis Tanadgoma. am programaze iyo agebuli vaxtang VI-is da qarTveli moRvaweebis sagareo politika. aq, upirveles yovlisa, igulisxmeboda evropul-kaTolikuri qveynebi da ruseTi, saqarTvelos uaxloesi Zlieri qristianuli mezoblebi, maTi daxmarebiT saqarTvelos samefos aRdgena da taxtze marTlmadidebeli mefis ayvana. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom rogorc evropulma, ise rusulma orientaciam kraxi ganicada da, sabednierod, TviT qarTvelTa Sorisve aRmoCnda Zala ~gamoxsnisa da aRdgomisaTvis~. qarTvelma erma SeZlo erovnuli saxelmwifoebriobis aRorZineba Teimuraz IIisa da erekle II-is dros qristiani qarTveli mefis kurTxevis wesis aRdgeniTa da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos gaerTianebiT. rogorc viciT, rostom-xanma Tavis memkvidred vaxtangi airCia, muxraneli bagrationi, romelic iranSi gagzavnes, gaamahmadianes da vaxtang V-is anu Sahnavaz-xanis saxeliT qarTlis gamgeblad daniSnes (1658-1675). mahmadianobis miuxedavad, Sahnavaz-xani cdilobda, rostomis gafuWebuli saqme gamoesworebina. 1663 wels misi Svili, arCili, iranSi Caiyvanes, gaamahmadianes da Sahnazar-xanis saxeliT kaxeTSi gaamefes. arCili TavdadebiT uwyobda xels patriotuli grZnobebis gaRvivebas qarTvelTa Soris. qarTuli enis siwmindis dacva, sparsofilobis aRmofxvra, literaturis gaerovnuleba misi mudmivi zrunvis sagani iyo, magram saxelmwifoebrivi TvalsazrisiT vaxtangic da arCilic iZulebulni iyvnen, rostomis politika gaegrZelebinaT. miuxedavad arCilis patriotizmisa, saxelmwifoebrivi meqanizmi ise iyo mowyobili, rom saxelmwfioebriv sabuTebs isic qarTul-sparsulad adgenda. male arCilma sparseTisadmi protestis niSnad kaxeTi datova, ris gamoc mamamisi daisaja. vaxtang V iranSi gaiwvies, sadac 1675 wels gardaicvala. 1677 wels qarTlSi mefed misi gamahmadianebuli Ze giorgi XI gamogzavnes, romelsac aseve Sahnavaz-xani uwodes, kaxeTs ki 1677 wlidan 1703 wlamde yizilbaSi xanebi marTavdnen. Sahma giorgi XI-s arCilis Sepyroba daavala, razec man uari ganacxada, amis gamo 1688 wels gadaayenes da mis magivrad Teimuraz I-is ruseTidan dabrunebuli SviliSvili, sparseTSi gamahmadianebuli erekle I nazarali xani - (1688-1703) daniSnes. erekle I qarTlSi avtoritetiT ar sargeblobda. igi ar icnobda qarTls, arc qarTul zne-Cveulebebs, laparakobda uxeSi sityvebiT, uyvarda sma, kargi sufra da siamovneba. gamahmadianebulma erekle I-ma qarTlSi sparsuli zne-Cveulebebi danerga, ramdenime xnis Semdeg igi iranSi gaiwvies, kaxeTis mefoba da iranis yularaRasoba uboZes, magram iranSive datoves, kaxeTSi ki mis moadgiled misi vaJi daviTi (imamyuli-xani) gamogzavnes (1703 w.). qarTlis mefoba kvlav giorgi XI-s uboZes, magram isic iranSi datoves da, viTarca iranis spasalari, avRanTa winaaRmdeg gagzavnes. sparseTis imperiaSi rogorc samoqalaqo, ise samxedro dargSi qarTvelebs didi da sapatio Tanamdebobani ekavaT, magram sparselebs eSinodaT qarTvelebisa, Tundac gamahmadianebulebisa, radgan icodnen, rom qarTvelebi xSirad mxolod garegnulad icvlidnen rjuls, guliT ki qristianebad rCebodnen. sparselebma RalatiT mokles giorgi XI, romelsac gulze jvari upoves da Sahs qristiani mefis ~orgulobis~ sabuTad gaugzavnes. aseve RalatiT mokles giorgis Zmis levanis Ze qaixosro. qarTlis mefis (gurjistanis valis) adgili gaTavisuflda. sparselebi savaldebulod miiCnevdnen, rom am didi Tanamdebobis piri mahmadiani yofiliyo. swored amitom qarTlis ~janiSini~ vaxtang VI iranSi gaiwvies, raTa gaemahmadianebinaT. vaxtangma mahmadianoba ar miiRo, ris gamoc daatyveves da erT-erT provinciaSi gagzavnes.

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vaxtang VI-is am Zalze mniSvnelovan nabijs ratomRac verc misi, verc Cveni Tanamedroveebis erTi nawili saTanadod ver afasebs, ufro metic, sayveduroben kidec. qristianobis SenarCuneba vaxtang VI-is mier qarTvelobisaTvis misi Tavdadebuli brZolis erTi STambeWdavi magaliTia. ~gamoxsna da aRdgoma~ - es iyo ocneba vaxtang VI-sa, romelic samwuxarod gaugebari darCenila qarTvelTa maRali wodebis erTi nawilisaTvis. raki vaxtang VI-m qristianoba ar dagmo, qarTlis taxti dakarga da mis nacvlad saqarTveloSi misi gamahmadianebuli Zma, rostomis politikis gamagrZelebeli, iese gamogzavnes. am dros sparseTs Zveli Zliereba dakarguli hqonda. vaxtang VI-m da misma Tanamoazre qarTvelebma icodnen, rom Sesabamisi TanxiT SeeZloT moeqrTamaT sparseTis Sahis kari. gadawyvetili hqondaT eSovaT Tanxa, moesyidaT meqrTame didebulebi da vaxtangi rjulis Seucvlelad viTarca qristiani mefe dabrunebuliyo qarTlis samefo taxtze, magram Tanxis Sovna saqarTveloSi SeuZlebeli iyo. mxolod saqarTvelos bediT dainteresebul evropas SeeZlo daxmareboda qristianul qveyanas da qristian mefed daebrunebina igi samSobloSi. Tavis mxriv, es faqti safuZveli gaxdeboda imisa, rom Sahs qristianuli saqarTvelos arseboba iuridiulad ecno, rac mtkice saZirkvels Cauyrida saqarTvelos ~gamoxsnasa da aRdgomas~. evropuli (kaTolikuri) orientacia da misi kraxi XVIII s-is damdegs sparseTis Zliereba ukiduresad daeca. qarTveli didebulebi aqtiurad monawileobdnen da garkveulwilad warmarTavdnen kidec am qveynis cxovrebas. amasTanave sparseTSi qarTvelTa jari uZlieresi iyo. aseT viTarebaSi, Tuki qarTvelebi gaerTianebas SeZlebdnen, maT win veravin aRudgeboda. samwuxarod, gaerTianeba Wirda, ris erT-erT mizezad isic unda vigulisxmoT, rom am dros qarTvelTa erTianoba sakmaod Seryeuli iyo. Zveli qarTuli mama-papeuli sarwmunoeba - marTlmadidebloba ukve aRar gaxldaT qarTvelTa sayovelTao da erTaderTi sarwmunoeba. moWarbdnen qarTveli mahmadianebi, qarTveli grigorianebi, kaTolikebi. qarTvelTa marTlmadidebloba osmalTa da sparsTa mier ganixileboda ara rogorc sarwmunoebrivi aRmsarebloba, aramed rogorc maT sawinaaRmdegod mimarTuli politikuri orientacia, miT umetes maSin, roca marTlmadidebeli ruseTis imperia kavkasiis mTagrexils moadga da qarTl-kaxeTis mefeebi erTmorwmuneobis gamo marTlmadidebel ruseTs kavkasiis karis gaRebas Sehpirdnen. saqarTvelos, rogorc ruseTSi, ise evropaSi, garkveuli wreebi ganixilavdnen, rogorc ruseTis placdarms konstantinopolsa da ispahanze salaSqrod. is, rac cnobili iyo evropaSi, cxadia, cnobili iyo sparseTsa da osmaleTSi. am qveynebSi qarTvelTa marTlmadideblobas da saqarTvelos, rogorc marTlmadidebel qveyanas, ruseTis mier sparseTisa da osmaleTis dapyrobasTan aigivebdnen. amitom qarTvelTa marTlmadideblobas mahmadianebi ver eguebodnen. am mizezebis gamo isini arc erT qristianul sarwmunoebriv mimarTulebas ise ar devnidnen kavkasiaSi, rogorc qarTvelTa marTlmadideblobas. mahmadianebi yovel mxriv aviwroebdnen marTlmadidebel qarTvelebs da aiZulebdnen maT, SeecvalaT sarwmunoeba - mahmadianoba, kaTolikoba an monofizitoba mieRoT, rac qarTvelTa denacionalizacias iwvevda. qarTveli didebulebis erTi nawili kaTolikobas miiCnevda ara rogorc marTlmadideblobaze ukeTes sarwmunoebas, aramed rogorc politikuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis saSualebas. vaxuSti bagrationis sityviT isini kaTolikobdnen ~mxolod sityviT da ara saqmiT~. qarTveli politikosebi, rogorc Cans, fiqrobdnen, rom evropuli orientacia naklebad gaaRizianebda sparseTs, radgan XVIII s-is damdegs evropis qveynebi aRmosavleTis qveynebisaTvis jer kidev Soreuli mezoblebi iyvnen. 1713 w. qarTlSi momzadda elCoba kaTolikur qveynebSi sulxan-saba orbelianis meTaurobiT, romelsac miznad dasaxuli hqonda: 1. qarTuli qristianuli saxelmwifos arsebobis iuridiulad cnoba sparseTis mier, risTvisac vaxtang VI-is qarTlSi rogorc qristiani mefis dabrunebiT unda mieRwiaT. 2. saqarTvelos gaerTianeba evropis qveynebis daxmarebiT da maTive monawileobiT. 3. saqarTveloSi Crdilo kavkasielTa Semosevebis Sewyveta, risTvisac Crdilo kavkasieli tomebis gaqristianeba iyo saWiro. 4. qarTvelTa denacionalizaciis Sewyveta. qarTul elCobas miaCnda, rom sparseTidan vaxtang VI-is qristian mefed dasabruneblad sakmarisi iyo 300000 ekiu. am didi Tanxis miRebis winapirobad vaxtangis mier

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kaTolikobis miRebas asaxelebdnen, radgan kaTolikuri evropa da vatikani aRmosavleTSi yoveli didi saqmis pirobad kaTolikuri sarwmunoebis aRsarebas moiTxovdnen. sulxan-sabas evropul wyaroebSi ~wmida basilis wesis monazoni~ ewodeba. miiCneva, rom wmida basilis samonazvno ordeni kaTolikuri iyo. sinamdvileSi ki evropelebi yvela marTlmadidebel bers ~wmida basilis wesis monazons~ uwodebdnen, radganac cnobili iyo, rom Tu kaTolikur samyaroSi bermonazvnobis sxvadasxva ordeni arsebobda (karmelitebi, franciskanelebi da sxv.), marTlmadideblebs mxolod erTi saxis ~wmida basilis wesis~ mqone berobis instituti hqondaT, romelsac ekuTvnoda sulxan-saba. mas swored am ordenSi aRudgenia Tavisi Tavi 1714 wels evropaSi. evropaSi gamgzavrebis win sulxan-saba 40 dRe imyofeboda dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosTan. isini erTad saxavdnen gzebs afsua-Cerqezebsa da sxva tomebSi qristianobis asaRorZineblad. sulxan-saba saqarTvelos eklesiis uerTgulesi wevri, misi gaZlierebis da amaRlebisaTvis Tavdadebuli mebrZoli, misi erT-erTi warmmarTveli, mrCeveli da saeklesio TavadTagani gaxldaT. sulxan-sabas elCobis Sedegi aseTi iyo: safrangeTis imperatori ar dainteresda kavkasielTa gaqristianebiT. es man papis gadasaWrel saqmed miiCnia, ramac qarTvelTa gegmebi CaSala. safrangeTis mefem 300000 ekiu, rasac qarTvelebi moiTxovdnen, ar gamoyo. amrigad ~gamoxsnisa da aRdgomis~ evropuli orientacia CaiSala. evropa qarTuli saxelmwifos aRorZinebis gegmas gulgrilad moekida. ufro metic, roca ramdenime wlis Semdeg Turqebi aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi SemoiWrnen, evropis zogierT kuTxeSi kmayofilnic ki darCenilan, radgan es ruseTis damarcxebad da sparseTis saboloo dacemad miiCnies. amrigad, sulxan-saba xelcarieli dabrunda saqarTveloSi 1715 wels. es qarTveli mefis evropuli politikis kraxs niSnavda. vaxtang VI-is rusuli orientacia da misi kraxi iranis (sparseTis) ukiduresma dasustebam, avRanTa mier misi mmarTveli dinastiis Camogdebam, qveynis ukiduresma Sinaganma krizisma, rogorc Cans, saqarTvelos politikosebs da, kerZod, vaxtang VI-s saSualeba misca, aSkarad gamoexata swrafva marTlmadidebluri ruseTisaken. 1722 wels vaxtang VI-m sajarod aRiara marTlmadidebloba. amrigad, man saWirod aRar miiCnia, daefara Tavisi qristianul-marTlmadidebluri anu, osmal-sparsTa azriT, rusuli orientacia. saqveynod gamoamJRavna Tavisi gadawyvetileba ruseTTan samxedro kavSiris Sekvrisa, mzad iyo, xeli Seewyo rusTa jaris SemosvlisaTvis amierkavkasiasa da sparseTSi. aman Zalze SeaSfoTa mahmadianuri qveynebi da Crdilokavkasieli tomebi. samwuxarod Cafiqrebuli gegma ver ganxorcielda. samagierod, Turqebma mizezi ipoves da saqarTveloSi SemoiWrnen, lekebma TareSs umates, bolos ki osmalebis batonoba sparselebis batonobam Secvala. ruseTs sparseTSi gansakuTrebuli ekonomikuri interesebi hqonda. petre dids surda, sparseTis vaWroba rus vaWrebs CaegdoT xelSi. amitom am qveynis dapyroba hqonda ganzraxuli. Tavisi idumali gegmis asasruleblad ruseTs saqarTvelos samefos samxedro daxmareba sWirdeboda. am misiiT petrem elCi gamougzavna vaxtang VI-s. elCma ostaturad moaCvena qarTvelebs, TiTqos petres Svela da daxsna surda saqarTvelosi. vaxtang VI-s, rogorc aRiniSna, saqarTvelos ~gamoxsnisa da aRdgomis~ gegma hqonda dasaxuli da petre I-ma mas am gegmis ganxorcielebis imedi Causaxa. saxelmwifos darbaiselTa erTi jgufi vaxtangs sifrTxiles urCevda da moswrebulad uTqvamT: ~mesame kidev moiba, ori sabeli Tavs eba, sami veSapi erT lomsa aw viTar moeTviseba~. vaxtangisa da ruseTis kavSirma SeaSfoTa da aaRelva mTeli axlo aRmosavleTi da TviT evropa. konstantinopolSi daisva sakiTxi petre I-isa da vaxtang VI-is saomar moqmedebaTa winaaRmdeg aqtiuri zomebis miRebis Sesaxeb. sparseTi, osmaleTi da daRestani moemzadnen, rom qarTli samagaliTod daesajaT. petres mier daimedebuli vaxtangi 30-40 aTasiani jariT sparseTis sazRvrebSi Sevida, rusTa jari meore mxridan unda Semosuliyo, magram ruseTis jari ar Sevida da vaxtangi marto aRmoCnda gaSmagebuli mtris winaSe. saqme gacilebiT ufro cudad datrialda, vidre omis mowinaaRmdege darbaiselT hqondaT gaTvaliswinebuli. maT fiqradac ar mosvliaT, rom ruseTis mefe Tavis sityvas ar aasrulebda da saqarTvelos ganrisxebul mters Seatovebda. saqarTvelo ganmtkicebisa da gaZlierebis nacvlad mtris saTareSod iqca. qarTli aoxrda da osmalebs Cauvarda xelSi. lekebma xalxs Zarcva-gleja dauwyes. vaxtang mefes, romelsac saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi, kulturuli da ekonomikuri aRorZinebi-

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saTvis dauRalavi Sroma hqonda gaweuli da qveynis aRmSeneblobiTi muSaobiT iyo gatacebuli, saqarTvelodan gaxizvnis meti aRaraferi darCenoda. qarTlSi osmalebi gabatondnen, magram saqme amiT ar damTavrebula. rodesac petre pirvelma dainaxa, rom osmaleTi Zlier ganrisxda sparseTSi qarTvelTa saomari moqmedebiT, 1724 w. 12 ivniss saswrafod Sekra masTan zavi, romlis pirvel muxlSi mTeli aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo osmaleTs dauTmo, Tumca igi ruseTs ar ekuTvnoda. vaxtang VI uzarmazari amaliT ruseTSi gadavida. mas saqarTvelodan 1200 kaci gahyva. es iyo 1724 wlis ivlisSi. iseTi viTareba Seiqmna, rom qarTvels saqarTveloSi aRar edgomeboda. visac SeZleba hqonda, mzad iyo, saqarTvelo mietovebina da ruseTSi gaxiznuliyo. gasaWirSi myofi samwyso miatoves da gaixiznen arqiepiskoposi qristefore, mitropoliti pavle Tbileli, episkoposebi: nikoloz mroveli, mangleli arseni, ris Sedegadac albaT Sesabamisi saepiskoposoebic gauqmda. miuxedavad Seqmnili viTarebisa, saqarTvelos eklesias udidesi Zala da gavlena hqonda. mas angariSs ruseTis saimperatoro karic uwevda. male yvelasaTvis cxadi gaxda, rom ruseTis mTavroba Tavs ar iwuxebda saqarTvelosTvis, xolo saqarTveloSi osmaloba da yizilbaSoba mZvinvarebda. vaxtangis imedi, rom ruseTis daxmarebiT sparseTis vasaluri damokidebulebisagan gaTavisufldeboda, kraxiT damTavrda. piriqiT, saqarTvelo jer osmaleTis, mere yizilbaSebis xelSi aRmoCnda. ~osmalobisa~ da ~yizilbaSobis~ dros osebma jer qarTlis mTianeTi daiWires, xolo Semdeg barisken daiZrnen. Tu aqamde vaxtangi dvaleTs imorCilebda, romelic teritoriulad Crdilo kavkasiaSi mdebareobda (1711 w.), Teimuraz II da erekle II 1740-ian wlebSi ukve saqarTvelos mTianeTSi Camowolil osebs ebrZvian. rac Seexeba lekebs, maT am periodSi sabolood daiWires aRmosavleTi kaxeTi (amJamindeli saingilo). osebisa da lekebis mier qarTlisa da kaxeTis miwebis mitaceba mraval sxva marcxTan erTad didi marcxi iyo. vaxtang VI-isa da muxranel bagrationTa didi ojaxis mamuliSviloba saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifos daSlisa da gansakuTrebiT qarTlSi rostom-xanis gamefebis Semdeg aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi qarTuli kultura sparseTis wamlekavi gavlenis qveS moeqca. erovnul saxes ucxoelTa daRi daesva. Cveni qveyana sulier-kulturuli daRupvis gzas daadga. qarTuli kulturis uaRresi dakninebis dros erovnuli TviTSemecnebis gamosaRviZeblad da gasaRviveblad gansakuTrebiT iRvawa muxraneli bagrationebis im Stom, romelsac saTaveSi edga vaxtang V, Sahnavazi. am ojaxis wevrebi da maTTan daaxloebuli pirebi iyvnen is udidesi moRvaweni, romelTac intensiuri erovnul-patriotuli da kulturul-mecnieruli SemoqmedebiT SeZles RmrTismetyvelebis, istoriuli mecnierebis, medicinis, qimiis, maTematika-astronomiis, filosofiis, pedagogikis, bunebismetyvelebis, geografiis, genealogiis, samxedro saqmis ara Tu aRorZineba, aramed erovnul niadagze gadayvanac. aRorZinda rusTvelologia, didaqtika, daibeWda wm. werili - biblia, wignebi saeklesio saWiroebisaTvis. ar iyo arc erTi dargi, arc erTi saxe erovnul-kulturuli mimarTulebisa, romelsac saTaveSi ar hyoloda muxran-batonTa ojaxis romelime wevri, anda maTTan daaxolebuli pirebi: arCil mefe, giorgi XI, vaxtang VI Tu vaxuSti, maTive ojaxis uaxloesi piri sulxan-saba orbeliani da sxvebi. erovnul-patriotul suliskveTebas safuZveli daudo am ojaxis pirmSom - vaxtang V-is ufrosma vaJma arCil II-m. iqamde sparselTa batonobisas vaxtang V-is ojaxSi dakninebuli erovnuli cnobiereba gamoaRviZa TiTqmis naxevarsaukunovani dauRalavi moRvaweobiT levan II dadianis dam mariamma, jer rostom-xanis, Semdeg ki vaxtang V-is meuRlem. arCili im dros cxovrobda da moRvaweobda, roca qarTvel ers gansakuTrebiT uWirda saqarTveloSi. mahmadianTa gavlena ara marto saxelmwifoebriv, aramed kulturul-sayofacxovrebo da sulier sferoSic igrZnoboda. qveyana sisxlisagan icleboda. naxevari kaxeTi tyveebad garekes XVIII s-is damdegs. qarTlSi qarTvelad yofna gausaZlisi gaxda. dasavleT saqarTveloSi tyveTa syidva mZvinvarebda. xSirad tyved gasayidad gamzadebuli qalebi da kacebi Tavs imaxinjebdnen da Tavsac iklavdnen. zogjer dedebi tyveebad gamzadebul bavSvebs TavianTi xeliT xocavdnen, raki icodnen, rom gaTaTreba ar ascdebodaT. am epoqaSi cxovrebis realuri istoria ar iwereboda, aravin iyo ieremiasamebr mgloviare qarTlis mdinareTa zeda maSin, roca saukune marTlac usaSinlesi gaxldaT.

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am epoqis dabal sulierebas isic apirobebda, rom daviwyebuli iyo qarTuli erovnul-patriotuli Temebi, daviwyebuli iyo qarTvelTa erovnuli sarwmunoebis umTavresi saRmrTo wignebi - saxareba Tu samociqulo. TviT ~vefxistyaosnis~ maRalsulierebis gagebac gaZnelebuliyo. is, rogorc etyoba, sparsuli poeziis rangis nawarmoebad miaCndaT da ~rostomianis~ Tu ~zaaqianis~ darad scemdnen pativs. Semdgom vaxtang VI-s sagangebo msjeloba dasWirda imis dasamtkiceblad, rom ~vefxistyaosani~ sparsuli poeziis rkalSi moqceuli poema ki ara, erovnul-qristianuli suliskveTebis Txzulebaa. mariam dadianis qarTul-erovnul garemoSi aRzrdilma arCilma pirvelma auRo alRo am ubedurebas da safuZveli daudo erovnulobas, ideurobas da patriotul suliskveTebas sityvakazmul mwerlobasa da mecnierebaSi. arCili erTmaneTTan akavSirebda erovnulsa da qristianuls. man dasabeWdad moamzada biblia, risTvisac erTmaneTs Seadara sxvadasxva nusxa da slavuri teqsti. 1705 w. manve moskovSi daaarsa qarTuli stamba, sadac saeklesio wigni - daviTni dabeWda. aqve surda bibliis dabeWdva, rac Semdeg baqar batoniSvilma SeZlo. arCilma pirvelma aimaRla xma enis siwmindis dasacavad. arCils, viTarca vaxtang V-is ufros vaJs, ekuTvnoda qarTlis taxti, magram antiiranuli orientaciis gamo Sahma misi Sepyroba da dasja moindoma. Tumca mamis - vaxtang V-is sicocxleSi jer imereTSi gamefda, Semdeg kaxeTSi. imereTis taxtze is kidev oTxjer avida, magram bolos ruseTSi gadasaxlda. arCilis Semdgom qarTlis taxtis memkvidre iyo misi momdevno Zma giorgi XI, romelic gamefda kidec. giorgi XI iyo aRmzrdeli sulxan-saba orbelianisa. Tavis mxriv sulxani aRmzrdeli yofila vaxtang VI-isa - giorgis Zmiswulisa. ufrosi Zmebis msgavsad yofila patriotuli suliskveTebisa giorgi XI-is momdevno Zma - levanic. erovnuli TviTSemecnebis gamosaRviZeblad da gasaRviveblad gansakuTrebiT warsulis codnas aqvs didi mniSvneloba. es kargad esmoda saqarTvelos didebul mefes vaxtang VI-s. mis dros ~qarTlis cxovreba~ XIV s-mde yofila moyvanili. vaxtangma moiwvia swavluli istorikosTa komisia, romelmac dawera ~qarTlis cxovreba~ XIV s-dan XVIII s-is damdegamde. am garemoebam gamoaRviZa da gaacxovela qarTuli saistorio mwerloba. vaxtangma gansakuTrebuli yuradReba qristianobis ganmtkicebas dauTmo. am xanebSi ganaxlda qristianobisaTvis wamebulTa cxovrebis aRwera. vaxtangma didi samuSaoebi Caatara samarTlisa da saxelmwifo wes-wyobilebis mosawesrigeblad, Seqmna saxelmwifo kanonebis saxelmZRvanelo wigni ~dasturlamali~, Seadgina samarTlis wigni, risTvisac jer qarTuli samarTlis yvela Zegli Seagrova, romelsac Tan daurTo sxva erebis kanonmdeblobidan gamorCeuli samarTlis wignebi. vaxtangis samarTali lmobierebiTa da humanurobiT gamoirCeva. muxranel bagrationTa Stos ekuTvnis agreTve vaxuSti batoniSvili, romlis Rvawli sayovelTaod cnobilia. vaxuStis kargad SeumCnevia, rom tradiciulad wm. ninos droidan yovelgvar erovnul-mamuliSvilur sulier saqmes saTaveSi erTiani saqarTvelos eklesia edga. ase iyo saukuneTa manZilze. saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifos daSlis Semdeg, roca mahmadianTa Semosevebs xalxma veRar gauZlo da saqarTvelo moeSva, kvlav eklesiam ikisra gamxneveba erisa. Tavis mxriv Zveleburi moRvaweoba grZeldeboda qarTul saepiskoposoebsa da samrevloebSi. kulturis mniSvnelovani centrebi iyo saepiskoposo kaTedrebi - sveticxoveli, wilkani, samTavisi, alaverdi, gelaTi, caiSi, bedia, Semoqmedi da sxva. XVI s-Si biWvinTidan gelaTSi dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis rezidenciis gadmotanis Semdeg gelaTi kulturis erT-erTi Zlieri centri gaxda. gansakuTrebiT nayofieri gaxldaT kaTalikos-patriarqebis - evdemon CxetiZisa da eqvTime sayvareliZis moRvaweoba. swavla-aRzrdisa da kulturuli Semoqmedebis mniSvnelovani centrebi iyo agreTve eklesia-monastrebi - largvisi, ikorTa, kabeni, qvaTaxevi, jruWi, martvili, xobi da sxvebi. gansakuTrebuli roli am mxriv daviTgarejis monastrebs miuZRvis. miuxedavad mravaljer darbeva-aoxrebisa, es kulturuli da saeklesio centri sabolood ar moSlila da gansakuTrebiT XVII s-Si gaSala frTebi. eklesiis Sinauri yofa anton I-mde XVII s-Si da XVIII s-is damdegs saqarTvelos politikuri daSlilobas Tan daerTo Sinauri omebi. mefis gavlena Zlier dasustda. Tavadebi TavianT mamulSi srul xelmwifobas iCemebdnen. saqarTveloSi damyarda iseTi sazogadoebrivi wyoba, romelic sruliad gansxvavdeboda mezobeli centralizebuli imperiebis totalitarizmisagan. maRali wo-

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deba Tavisuflad grZnobda Tavs. qarTveli eri seriozuli safrTxis winaSe idga, Tumca didebulTa did nawils amis gamo usasooba da uimedoba ar gasCenia. piriqiT, arsebuli viTareba moswonda. saqarTvelos erTianobis aRsadgenad marad ibrZodnen gamoCenili moRvaweni, magram sparseT-osmaleTi TiTqmis yovel saukuneSi aaxlebda 1555 wlis zavs, romlis ZaliTac aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo sparseTis, xolo dasavleTi saqarTvelo osmaleTis vasalur mxareebad miiCneoda. marTalia, saqarTvelo orad gaiglija spars-osmalTa mier, xolo Sinagani Zalebi mis gaerTianebas ver axerxebdnen, magram gacilebiT ufro didi ubedureba iyo qarTveli eris daSla tomebad da Temebad. erTiani saxelmwifos darRvevam tomobrioba da Temobrioba aaRorZina. XV s-is II naxevridan Camoyalibebul axlad Seqmnil imereTis, qarTlisa da kaxeTis samefoebs TavianTi mkacrad dadgenili sazRvrebi, TavianTi jari da sxva saxelmwifoebrivi dawesebulebebi hqondaT da did winaaRmdegobas uwevdnen yovel qmedebas, mimarTuls qveyanaSi centraluri xelisuflebis gansamtkiceblad. imereTis samefos gamoeyvnen odiSis, guriis, afxazeTisa da svaneTis samTavroebi. qveynis politikurma daSlam, kuTxuri saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebis Camoyalibebam xeli Seuwyo tomobriv-Temobriobis aRorZinebas. XVIII s-Si saqarTveloSi Seqmnilma saxelmwifoebrivma krizisma sazogadoebriv asparezze kvlav warmoaCina erTian qarTul sapatriarqoSi aqamde CrdilSi myofi afxazeTis sakaTalikoso, xolo erTiani saxelmwifos daSlis dros erTiani sapatriarqoc afxazeTisa da qarTlis damoukidebel sakaTalikosoebad daiSala. afxazeTis sakaTalikosom, romelic XVI s-is damdegs did teritorias moicavda, mosaxleobis gamahmadianebis gamo mrevlis didi nawili dakarga CrdiloeTiT da samxreTiT. Crdilo odiSsa (amJamindeli soxumis, gulrifSisa da oCamCiris raionebSi) da afxazeTSi (e.i. gagrisa da gudauTis raionebSi) Camosaxlda adiRe-Cerqezuli warmoSobis xalxi - afsuebi. afsuebi didad gansxvavdebodnen adgilobriv mkvidr mcxovrebTagan - afxazTagan, magram Camosulma Zlierma Zalam osmalTa mudmivi daxmarebiT SeZlo afxazTa da megrelTa dabali fenebis asimilacia. maRal fenebs ki ar daukargavT eTnikuri TviTSemecneba, Zveleburadve qarTul kulturul wres miakuTvnebdnen TavianT Tavs. aseve kaxeTSi Camosaxldnen lekebi, xolo qarTlSi - osebi, ramac qarTvelebis garkveuli nawilis asimilacia gamoiwvia. mTidan CamosaxlebulTa Soris mahmadianebi da warmarTebi sWarbobdnen da maT Camosaxlebas Sedegad eklesia-monastrebis, saepiskoposoebisa da TviT sakaTalikoso taZrebis qonebis dataceba mohyva. gauqmda bevri saepiskoposo. mkvidri mosaxleoba samwyso nadgurdeboda. maT itacebdnen da monebad yiddnen, anda Sinaymebad aqcevdnen, rasac Tan sdevda maTi gawarmarTeba da erovnuli gadagvareba. qarTulma eklesiam izruna maTTvis da kodorsa da engurs Sua mcxovrebi qarTvelebi gadmoasaxla dasavleT saqarTvelos usafrTxo kuTxeebSi, Tumca adgilze qarTuli mosaxleobis udidesi nawili darCa. sabednierod, miuxedavad imisa, rom afxazebze gabatondnen afsuebi, maTma mniSvnelovanma nawilma SeZlo qarTuli erovnuli TviTSemecnebis SenarCuneba, nawili ki gadagvarda. TviT aseT sastik drosac ki qarTuli eklesia cdilobda, saeklesio miwa-wyali da qoneba ar daekarga araTu saqarTveloSi, aramed sazRvargareTac. 1675 wlis sabuTidan Cans rom ierusalimis jvris monastris mamulebi kvlav qarTuli eklesiis xelT iyo. masze zrunavdnen qarTveli mefeebi da kaTalikosebi da maT mierve iniSneboda am monastris winamZRvari. sisxlis samarTlisa da samoqalaqo saqmeebic saeklesio samarTlis mixedviT irCeoda. sadavo sakiTxebs saeklesio sasamarTlo wyvetda. TviT umaRles xelisufalsa da masze damokidebul pirs Soris dava am sasamarTlos mier irCeoda. aRsaniSnavia, rom yma arc uuflebo gaxldaT da arc uqoneli. glexs hqonda Tavisi miwa, romlis dacviTac dainteresebuli iyo mebatone. glexis upatrono mamuls erqva ~partaxi~. eklesia cdilobda glexebi gaukacrielebul adgilebSi an ~partaxebSi~ daesaxlebina, an saeklesio adgil-mamuli gamoeyo maTTvis, samagierod glexebi valdebulni iyvnen, mcire gadasaxadi exadaT eklesiisaTvis. eklesia umaRlesi mflobeli organizacia iyo. xucesi SeiZleboda yofiliyo glexic. mas iseve, rogorc sxva glexs, hqonda Tavisi saxl-kari, Wur-marani, tye-veli, venaxi, mTa-bari, wyali, wisqvili, saydari da saflavi. kaTalikoss an eklesiis meTaurs, saepiskoposo centrs hqonda Tavisi ~darbazis kari~, sadac mas eajebodnen, wyalobas SesTxovdnen.

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eklesia mravlad gascemda wyalobis sigelebs, romelTa dacvis garantia rwmena iyo. sakaTalikoso centrebs, rogorc afxazeTis, aseve qarTlisas, Tavisi samwysodan gadasaxadis akrefa SeeZlo. amitom maT sakuTari Semosavali hqondaT. aseve sakuTari Semosavali hqondaT saepiskoposoebsac. aRsaniSnavia, rom gadasaxadi didi ar iyo da zogjer simboluri saxec ki hqonda, magram erTad Sekrebili mniSvnelovan simdidres qmnida. eklesiisaTvis iRvwoda yvela, rogorc glexi, ise mefe. sabuTebSic isini gverdigverd moixsenebian. glexs hqonda TavisTavadoba da ekonomiuri damoukidebloba, radgan is Tavis miwa-wyals da adgil-mamuls flobda, rac kargad Cans sxvadasxva saukunis sabuTebSi. saepiskoposoSi, rogorc aRiniSna, didZali Tanxa da saqoneli Sedioda. mas hqonda rogorc uZravi, aseve moZravi qoneba, hyavda Tavisi moxelenic: mouravi, saxlTuxucesi, mestumre, meRvineTuxucesi, nacvali da a.S. aseve ~saxelos~ mflobelni iyvnen kandelaki, dekanozi, mgalobeli da sxv. eklesia Tavis did qonebas iyenebda tyveTa syidvis winaaRmdeg. misi upirvelesi amocana iyo daexsna TaTrebis tyveobidan qristianebi da daesaxlebina Tavis mamulebSi, daxmareboda Raribs, obols, sacodavs, aResrulebina qveli saqme da Seewyalebina uqoneli. yuradRebas aqcevda agreTve xelosnebis, wignis gadamwerebisa da mxatvrebis qonebriv uzrunvelyofas. magaliTad, grigol kaTalikosi Tavisi xangrZlivi moRvaweobis manZilze (1696-1742) energiulad ibrZoda tyvis syidvisa da mahmadianobis gavrcelebis winaaRmdeg. eklesiis qonebis erTi nawili xmardeboda taZrebis Semkobas da monastrebs. aRsaniSnavia, rom eklesias mamebi da mamamTavrebi wiravdnen pirad Semosavalsac. pirad qonebas ~kondakiT~ mogebuli ewodeboda, radgan igi mRvdelmoqmedebiT, e.i. sakuTari SromiT iyo Seqmnili. aRniSnul periodSi mahmadianuri agresiis gamo mravali saepiskoposo gauqmda, magram isini, romlebic arsebobdnen, mtkiced grZnobdnen Tavs. episkoposTa Soris saqmiani urTierToba arsebobda. zogjer maT davac uxdebodaT qonebriv sakiTxebze. episkoposTa Soris davas xSirad kaTalikosi wyvetda. episkoposs Zalze didi wona hqonda. qveyanaSi igi damoukidebeli da gavleniani xelisufali iyo. amitom saepiskoposoSi mcxovrebi mebatoneni valdebulni iyvnen, mas Sesabamisi RirsebiT mopyrobodnen. aRsaniSnavia, rom eklesias hyavda Tavisi ~molaSqre kacebi~, sakaTalikosoebi aSenebdnen cixeebs da mis SemogarenSi asaxlebdnen xalxs. kaxeTis samefoSi laSqars episkoposebi meTaurobdnen, kerZod - sadroSoebs. erTerTi Zalze Zlieri sadroSo rusTavelis sadroSo iyo (imJamad rusTveli episkoposi sofel martyofSi ijda, e.i. aq iyo misi sakaTedro taZari, radganac q. rusTavi monRolTa Semosevebis Sedegad aoxrda). eklesia, rogorc aRmosavleT, aseve dasavleT saqarTveloSi mTeli Tavisi ZalebiT ibrZoda qarTvelebis galekebis, gaafsuebisa da gaTaTrebis winaaRmdeg. daviTgarejis monasteri da biWvinTis saeklesio centri mahmadianTa da Crdilo kavkasielTa Semosevebis Sedegad saqarTvelos teritoriis dakargvis gamo imJamad qristianuli saqarTvelos sazRvrebze aRmoCndnen da sarwmunoebis damcveli burjebi gaxldaT. amis gamo maT mudam esxmodnen Tavs lekebi da afxazebi (afsuebi). daviTgarejSi mravali beri amowyvites lekebma, mospes maTi naRvawi. gansakuTrebiT gamanadgurebeli iyo qristianobisaTvis afsuaTa Tavdasxmebi, ramac Tavisi asaxva pova saeklesio dokumentebSi. afsua-Cerqezebis mudmivi Tavdasxmebis gamo afxazeTis kaTalikosi iZulebuli gaxda, mietovebina biWvinTa da taxti gelaTSi gadmoetana. rogorc aRiniSna, XVI-XVII afxazeTis Tavad-aznaurobam odiSTan omebis dros gamoiyena Crdilo kavkasiidan mowveuli adiReur-Cerqezuli tomebi (afsuebi), romlebic Semdeg dasaxldnen kidec afxazeTis miwa-wyalze da gabatondnen. isini warmarTebi iyvnen, magram afxazeTis Zveli Tavadaznaurobis didma nawilma SeinarCuna Tavisi mamapapiseuli sarwmunoeba - qristianoba. eklesia dainteresebuli iyo, rom berebs TavianTi monastrebis istoria scodnodaT. magaliTad 1709 w. ninowmindis episkoposs dodos monastrisaTvis dauweria istoria, sadac daviT garejelisa da wm. dodos Rvawlzea moTxrobili. monastrebs, kerZod daviTgarejs hqonda Tavisi ~ganwesebuli rigi~, anu tibikonis msgavsi wesi. monasterSi didZali qoneba inaxeboda. Zvirfasi samRvdelo Sesamoseli, RvTismsaxurebisaTvis saWiro nivTebi, xatebi, wignebi. monazvnebs garkveuli Tanxa eZleodaT. gardacvlili beris qoneba monasters rCeboda.

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mefeebs didi ridi hqondaT eklesiisa. TviT gamahmadianebuli mefeebic ki didi pativiT epyrobodnen saqarTvelos eklesiebsa da mis siwmindeebs. biWvinTisa da mcxeTis sakaTalikosoebSi erTaderTi saRmrTismsaxuro ena qarTuli iyo. arc erT saukuneSi, wmida ninos droidan XIX s-mde saqarTvelos eklesiaSi gamoyenebuli ar yofila sxva ena. amasTan erTad unda aRiniSnos, rom Zveli samwerlobo qarTuli ena da qarTuli literatura arc enobriv-stilisturad da arc ideur-politikurad tomobriv-geografiul gankerZoebulobasa da midrekilebas ar amJRavnebs, ar arsebobs aRmosavlur-qarTuli, samxreTul-qarTuli da dasavlur-qarTuli literaturuli mimarTulebebi. mTeli Cveni mwerloba erTiani qarTulia, miuxedavad imisa, esa Tu is nawarmoebi Cveni samSoblos romel mxareSia Seqmnili. es movlena msoflio literaturis istoriaSi sayovelTao rodia. bevri mowinave qveynis literaturis istoria swored tomobriv-kuTxuri mimarTulebiT viTardeboda. saqarTvelos daSlisa da mahmadianTa da warmarTebis mier qveynis umowyalo rbevis Semdgomac qarTulma eklesiam Tavisi ZvelTaganve arsebuli Sinagani sispetake, siwminde, erovnuli anu marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebisadmi erTguleba, misTvis Tavdadeba, Sinagani organizebuloba, simtkice da gautexloba SeinarCuna. magram isic cxadia, rom mas aqtiuri zemoqmedebis moxdena arsebul politikur viTarebaze ar SeeZlo, Tumca yoveli patrioti qarTveli kargad grZnobda, rom erovnebis SesanarCuneblad pirvel rigSi qarTuli eklesiis dacva iyo saWiro. TviT im sastik drosac ki, roca saqarTvelo Turqebma daipyres da osmaleTis xonTqarma TviT Tbilisis sionis taZris meCeTad gadakeTebis brZanebac ki gasca, qarTvelma didebulebma Tavi dasdes, sikvdilsa da ojaxis amowyvetasac ki ar SeuSindnen da wmida taZari mters ar daanebes, xolo SemdgomSi, stambolSi datyvevebul domenti kaTalikoss kvlav saqarTvelos saWeTmpyrobelad aRiarebdnen. cxra wels eqsoriaSi myof kaTalikoss zogierTi qarTveli Tan axlda da erTgulad emsaxureboda. cxadia, mterTa Semosevebma qaTruli eklesiac didad daazarala. mravali saepiskoposo da eparqia saerTod gauqmda, xolo saeklesio mamulebisa da ymebis mniSvnelovani nawili Sinaomebis periodSi saero feodalebma miitaces, magram saqarTvelos eklesiam SeinarCuna is sulieri dvrita, romelic Semdeg, 1744-45 wlebSi, qarTuli qristianuli saxelmwifoebriobis aRorZinebas daedo safuZvlad. mironcxebul mefeTa taxtis aRdgena - ~qarTvelobis~ gamarjveba 1744 weli ubednieresi TariRia qarTveli eris, qarTuli eklesiisa da saqarTvelos istoriaSi - aRdga qristian mefeTa taxti. ~gamoxsnisa da aRdgomis~ didi programis erTi nawili Sesrulda - saqarTvelos samefo taxtze qristiani mefe dajda. mahmadiani mmarTvelebis batonobisas, kerZod rostom-xanis ~gamefebidan~, e.i. 1632 wlidan 1744 wlamde (ufro ki 1614 wlidan, luarsabis Semdeg) am dRisaTvis iRvwodnen, sicocxles swiravdnen da loculobdnen qarTvel moRvaweTa Taobebi. Teimuraz I natrobda qristianobiT daebrunebina taxti, magram ver moeswro, arCil mefesa da vaxtang VI-s am saqmeSi ucxo qveynebis daxmarebis imedi hqondaT da am daxmarebis ZebnaSi ucxoeTSive dalies suli iseve, rogorc am miznisaTvis damSvralma sulxan-saba orbelianma. vin moTvlis im gasaWirsa da zarals, rac qarTulma eklesiam mahmadian ~mefe-xanTa~ mmarTvelobisas gadaitana. magram uaresi is iyo, rom sparseT-osmaleTis wamlekavi gavlenis orbitaSi myofi qarTveli xalxi ara marto zneobriv, aramed erovnul degradaciasac ganicdida. mas sparsul-mahmadianuri zne-Cveulebebis SeTviseba ar akmares da iseTi politikur-socialuri pirobebi Seuqmnes, rom qarTvelebi iZulebiT TaTrdebodnen, lekdebodnen, somxdebodnen, Crdilo kavkasiidan daZrul tomebTanac asimilirdebodnen. qarTvelebma kargad icodnen, rom mironcxebuli mefis taxtze asvla yvela am ubedurebas bolos mouRebda; qarTuli saxelmwifo erovnulobas daibrunebda, xolo erovnuli saxelmwifoebrioba qarTvel ersa da saqarTvelos eklesias darajad daudgeboda. qarTlis samefo taxtze qristian mefed dasmis bedniereba kaxel bagrationTa saxlis Svils - Teimuraz II-s ergo. mematiane Teimuraz II-s moses adarebs, romelmac egviptelTa mier damonebuli ebraelni ixsna. qarTvelTa sixaruli usazRvro iyo. kaTalikos-patriarqma antonma Cveuli sibejiTiT moiZia mefeTa kurTxevis uZvelesi qarTuli wesebi da samRvdeloTa dasi sagangebo sadResaswaulo ceremoniisaTvis moamzada. gaxarebulma xalxma Tbilisis quCebi, moedne-

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bi, bazrebi morTo, CiraRdnebiTa da galobiT Seegeba mefis, dedoflisa da batoniSvilebis gamoCenas, mefed mironcxebis sadResaswaulo sixaruli ganuzomeli iyo. mefes gvirgvini daadges sveticxovlis sakurTxevelSi. xmali ki Semoartyes sakurTxevlidan gamosvlisa da taZarSi sagangebo samefo taxtze dabrZanebis Semdeg. sveticxovelSi samefo taxti mdgara ~marjveniT~. xmlis Semortyma qarTveli mefis kurTxevis damamTavrebeli ceremoniali iyo. Teimuraz II-s ~xmlis Semortymis~ Semdeg, ukve viTarca mefes, milocvebi miuRia. amJamad sveticxovelSi samefo taxti aRar dgas. igi XX s-is 70-ian wlebSi, arqiteqtor cincaZis mier ganxorcielebul ~restavracias Seewira~. ~restavratorTa~ mier gauqmebuli samefo taxti TeTri marmarilos Txel svetebze dayrdnobili msubuqi, moCuqurTmebuli Cardaxi iyo. aRsaniSnavia, rom am samefo Cardaxis dangrevis Semdeg misi mSvenieri svetebi da nawilebi didxans iyo mimofantuli sveticxovlis taZris teritoriaze. saqarTvelo ~qarTvelobis~ gamarjvebis Semdeg Teimuraz II-is gamefeba ~qarTvelobis~ gamarjvebas niSnavda, radganac gansxvavebiT wina mefe-xanebisagan, igi ara mahmadiani, aramed qristiani gaxldaT. ~qarTveloba~ ki qristianul saxelmwifoebriv sistemas ewodeboda, sadac saxelmwfo samarTali qristianuli iyo. axla saWiro iyo erovnuli, maSasadame, qristianuli saxelmwifos ganmtkiceba. amitom Teimurazma da misma Zem erekle II-m osmaloba-yizilbaSobis dros qarTlis mTianeTSi gabatonebul osebs Seuties. osebis moZaleba qarTlis mTianeTSi gamoiwvia dvalTa asimilaciam. dvalebi kavkasiis qarTveluri tomi iyo, romlis gaosebis procesi ukve vaxuStis dros daiwyo. es gaosebuli dvalebi anu ~dval-osni~ XVIII s-is aTiani wlebisaTvis ukve gadmosuli iyvnen didi liaxvis saTaveebSi da mcire liaxvisa da qsnis saTaveebsac iTvisebdnen. osmaloba-yizilbaSobis dros, roca aragvisa da qsnis erisTavebi yoveli saSualebiT ebrZodnen centralur qarTul xelisuflebas, rogorc Cans, ZiriTadad saomar sayrden Zalad iyenebdnen gaosebul dvalebs. erisTavTa aseTma midgomam daaCqara rogorc dvalebis gaosebis procesi, aseve maTi Camosaxleba saerisTavo centrebisaken. amas osmalebic uwyobdnen xels, isini zemo qarTlze pretenzias acxadebdnen. osmaloba-yizilbaSobis dros gaosebul dvalebs yvela piroba hqondaT qarTlSi dasasaxleblad da mis asaoxreblad, rac aRdgenili qarTul-erovnuli saxelmwifosaTvis mouTmeneli iyo. erekle II-m aragvis xeobidan SeZlo osebis anu Crdilokavkasielebis gandevna, xolo qsnis xeobis osebi Teimurazma Seiwyala da maTgan gadasaxadebis aRebiT dakmayofilda. XVIII s-is 30-40-iani wlebidan sityva dvali ukve aRar ixmareboda, mis nacvlad yvelgan gvxvdeba ~osebi~. es dvalTa da qarTlis mTianeTSi mcxovrebi sxva qarTveli mTielebis gaosebis procesis dasrulebas miuTiTebs. gacilebiT rTuli aRmoCnda lekianobis winaaRmdeg brZola. lekebic ZiriTadad qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis ukiduresi dasustebis Jams - XVIII s-is 20-30-ian wlebSi damkvidrdnen aRmosavleT kaxeTSi, romelsac War-belaqani ewoda. aq daiwyo qarTveli glexebis galekebis procesi. qarTvelTa is nawili ki, romelic galekebas gadaurCa gaamahmadianes. maT ~axladmoqceulebi~ anu ingiloebi ewodaT (maTi nawili Semdgom daubrunda dedasarwmunoebas - qristianobas). qarTuli saxelmwifos suverenobis aRdgena iyo udidesi movlena - ~gamoxsna~. ~gamoxsnis~ Semdgom xorci Seisxa ~aRdgomis~ ideamac. ~aRdgomaSi~ igulisxmeboda im qarTuli miwa-wylis dabruneba, romelic Camocilebuli hqonda saqarTvelos. saqarTvelom daibruna yazax-borCalu, xolo erevnisa da ganjis saxanoebma qarTuli saxelmwifos vasaloba da misTvis xarkis Zleva ikisres. qarTl-kaxeTis mfarveloba naxiWevanis saxanomac aRiara. 1750 w. qarTl-kaxeTisa da mokavSireTa jarebma yarabaRis xanze gaimarjves. md. araqsis napirebze qarTl-kaxeTis saxelmwifos gavlena damkvidrda, xolo aRmosavleTiT misma administraciulma farglebma mdinare Zegamze gadainacvla. dadga SedarebiT mSvidobiani periodi, magram daRestnis auRebeli bastioni da lekebis bude War-belaqani qarTvelTa mSvidobian yofas udides safrTxes uqmnida. maT daemata erT dros qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli istoriuli hereT-saariSianoSi im dros arsebuli Saqis saxano, romlis xanic Warelebs miemxro. 1751 w. ereklem sastikad daamarcxa azat-xani, iranis mraval kuTxeTa mpyrobeli. 1752 wels qarTvelebma Saqis xanis damarcxebac SeZles. daiwyo qveynis aRdgena, glexebis dasaxleba. qarTvelTa gamarjvebebma aiZules Warbelaqani, rom kaxeTTan mSvidobianoba Camoegdo.

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Teimuraz II-isa da erekle mefis Rvawli marto saqarTvelos samxedro gaZlierebiTa da gareSe mtrebis alagmviT ar amowurula. daiwyo TvalsaCino aRmSeneblobis procesi. rogorc ekonomikaSi, ise mecnierebasa da xelovnebaSi sagulisxmo winsvla igrZnoboda. ~aRdgomis~ programa sxva qarTul miwebTan erTad samcxe-saaTabagos dasabruneblad zrunvasac avaldebulebda qarTvel politikosebs. XVIII s-is 70-ian wlebSi aRdga dasavluri qarTuli samefos damoukidebloba. xresilis saxelovani omis Semdeg imereTis mefem solomon I-ma qveynidan TurqTa garnizonebi gaaZeva. 1758 wels solomon, erekle da Teimuraz mefeebma megobrobisa da urTierTdaxmarebis xelSerkuleba dades. mowveul iqna sagangebo saeklesio kreba. 1759 w. 4 da 5 dekembers Catarebulma krebis sxdomebma tyveTa syidva akrZala. imereTis, samegrelosa da guriis saero da sasuliero gamgeblebma mefes piroba misces, rom daemorCilebodnen. aRadgines quTaTelis kaTedra Tavisi yma-mamuliT. eklesia ganTavisuflda gadasaxadisagan. iseTi bednieri dro, romelic saqarTvelos solomon-Teimuraz-erekles dros daudga, mas mravali saukunis manZilze ar hqonia. saqarTvelom Tavi ~gamoixsna~, xolo ~aRdgomisaTvis~ misi gaerTianeba iyo saWiro. saqarTvelos gaerTianebis gzebi me-18 saukunis 90-ian wlebSi daisaxa da gaerTiandeboda kidec, rom ruseTis imperias, rogorc qristianul qveyanas, saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi mTlianoba ecno da daxmareboda mahmadianur qveynebTan urTierTobisas. didi kaTalikosis epoqa patriarqi anton pirveli didad nayofieri moRvawe iyo. qristes eklesiasa da Tavis samwysoze mzrunveli mamamTavari, saxelganTqmuli mecnieri da filosofosi. am Tvisebebis gamo igi 20 wlisa mitropoliti gaxda, manamde igi gelaTis monasters xelmZRvanelobda. 24 wlisa ukve saqarTvelos eklesiis saWeTmpyrobeli, kaTalikospatriarqia. am dros igi mefis Semdeg yvelaze gavleniani piri iyo. antonis esoden nayofieri moRvaweoba, rogorc samecniero, aseve sazogadoebriv asparezze Sursa da mtrobas iwvevda misdami arakeTilganwyobil adamianebSi, romlebic sababs eZebdnen, rom daemxoT igi. aseT sababad gamodga antonis daaxloeba kaTolike misionerebTan, ris safuZvelzec gaCnda braldeba antonis mier marTlmadidebeli eklesiidan gandgomisa da misi ~galaTinianebis~ Sesaxeb. anton kaTalikosamde mraval qarTvel kaTalikos-patriarqs hqonda werilobiTi diplomatiuri urTierToba romTan, magram saqarTveloSi seriozulad aravin fiqrobda maT ~gakaTolikebaze~. antons, rogorc ruseTis sinodis winaSe warmoTqmuli misi gancxadebidan Cans, kaTolikoba ar miuRia. saqarTvelodan gaZevebis Semdeg igi ruseTSi gadavida da peterburgSi sinodSi gamocxadda. antonma sinodi daarwmuna Tavis marTlmadideblobaSi da 1757 wels vladimerisa da ieropolis eparqiis arqiepiskoposad dainiSna. antonis gaZevebis ZiriTadi mizezi ki is iyo, rom igi qarTlis samefos taxtis kanonieri memkvidre, vaxtang VI-is Zmis - ieses Svili gaxldaT, amitom Teimuraz II antonis saxiT yovelTvis taxtis mociles xedavda. antonis gadayenebas cdilobda TbilisSi, qvemo qarTlsa da qalaqebSi gaZlierebuli somxuri samRvdeloeba. saqme is iyo, rom anton kaTalikosma saydarze asvlisTanave gamoaqveyna antimonofizituri Txzuleba ~mzametyveleba~. Txzuleba swrafad gavrcelda qarTvelTa Soris da Seanela qarTvelTa imJamad mimdinare armenizaciis procesi, e.i. antoni qarTvelTa gamonofizitebas aRudga win, ramac sastikad ganarisxa somexi moZRvrebi - varTapetebi. somxebma uSualod kaTalikoss veraferi Sehbedes, magram Teimurazis mier wamowyebul mis devnaSi didi monawileoba miiRes. cnobilia, rom am sastiki angariSsworebis sulisCamdgmeli Teimuraz II-is moZRvari zaqaria gabaSvili piradi mteri iyo antonisa. 1755 wlis 16 dekembers mowveul iqna saeklesio kreba, romelmac antons zemoxsenebuli braldeba wauyena. krebis ~ganCineba~ gvatyobinebs, rom antonma danaSauli moinania. Tu es marTlac asea, unda vigulisxmoT, rom es iyo iZulebiTi nabiji, ~raTa monaniebiT~ sasjeli Seerbilebina. antonma ruseTSi ganagrZo literaturul-mecnieruli muSaoba. misi moRvaweoba sakmaod mravalferovani da nayofieri gamodga. Seaswora saeklesio wignebi, dawera ~qarTvel mefeTa STamomavloba~, Targmna ~istoria aleqsandre makedonelisa~. 1762 wels ruseTSi gardaicvala Teimuraz II. Teimurazis gardacvalebis Semdeg ereklem antoni saqarTveloSi moiwvia da sakaTalikoso taxtze aRadgina. 1764 wlis

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saqarTvelos saeklesio krebam ciliswamebad miiCnia antonis marTlmadideblobaSi daeWveba, cilismwameblebi ki sastikad dasaja. antons saqarTveloSi CamosvlisTanave Sejaxeba mouxda opozicionerebTan. usazRvro iyo mtrebis siZulvili misdami. swored aseTma mtrebma moifiqres ciliswameba, TiTqosda antonma ~vefxistyaosani~ dawva. saqarTveloSi Camosvlis Semdeg antonma Tbilissa da TelavSi gaxsna seminariebi, daaarsa sasamarTlo - dikasteria. gaioz reqtoris daxasiaTebiT, anton kaTalikosis Rvawlis Sedegad swavla-ganaTlebis ~oqros saukune~ damdgara saqarTveloSi, ~gamravlebula~ sibrZnismoyvareobac. ganaTlebis aRorZineba mecnierebisadmi ereklesa da antonis udidesi siyvarulis Sedegi iyo. antoni 1788 wlis 68 wlisa gardaicvala. antonis Rvawls qarTveli eris winaSe warmoaCens is, rom XIX s-is didi samocianelebi, wm. ilia marTali da misi Tanamoazreni anton kaTalikosis memkvidreebad miiCnevdnen TavianT Tavs. didi Ralati TavisuflebisaTvis Tavdadebuli da Tavdauzogavi brZolis wyalobiT qarTvelobam SeZlo qveynis ~gamoxsna~, anu Tavis daxsna sparseTisa da osmaleTis vasalobisagan. es udidesi miRweva iyo. qveynis ~gamoxsnis~ Semdeg ~aRdgomis~ idea rCeboda gansaxorcielebeli. ~gamoxsnis~ umalve erekle II-isa da solomon I-is saxelmwifoebi ise gaZlierdnen, qarTveli politikuri moRvaweebi ~aRdgomis~ sanetaro ideis gansaxorcielebel qmedebas Seudgnen, rasac xels isic uwyobda, rom am droisaTvis sparseTica da osmaleTis erT dros uZleveli imperiac dasustebuli iyo. osmaleTis saxelmwifo XVIII s-is II naxevarSi daSlis gziT mieqaneboda, qarTl-kaxeTisa da imereTis samefoebi ki gaZlierdnen. qarTl-kaxeTis Zalaufleba saqarTvelos garda ganjaze, erevansa da naxiCevanze vrceldeboda, iranis xanebi dawyebuli Tavrizidan yovelwliurad erekles mdidrul ZRvens ugzavnidnen mowiwebis niSnad. sakmaod gaZlierebuli erekle mefis upirvelesi zrunvis sagani, rogorc aRiniSna, gaxldaT saqarTvelos ~aRdgoma~, ~magram aRmosavleT kaxeTis (War-belaqanisa) da mesxeTis (samcxe-saaTabagos) gamoxsna lekebisa da osmalebisagan am dros ar SeeZlo, uTuod sxva romelime saxelmwifos daxmareba esaWiroeboda. saerTod erekles mizani dakarguli istoriuli teritoriebis dabruneba iyo, magaliTad, Saqisa. Saqi, romelic erekles dros saxano gaxldaT, istoriulad hereTis nawili - saariSiano iyo, sadac monRolTa Semosevebis Semdgomac ki qarTvelTa eTnikuri gansaxlebis sazRvari mdinare TeTrwylamde anu araqs-mtkvris SesarTavamde aRwevda. amitomac Saqis saxanoze, rogorc saqarTvelos istoriul teritoriaze, erekle pretenzias acxadebda. ~aRdgoma~ iTvaliswinebda aRmdgariyo qarTveli mefis Zveli titulatura - mefe ~afxazTa da qarTvelTa, ranTa, kaxTa, somexTa, SahanSa da SarvanSa~. ranSi im droisaTvis, ganjis saxano igulisxmeboda. am titulaturis mixedviT erevnis saxanos teritoriac erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi Semaval miwa-wylad miaCndaT (SahanSas qveynis nawili). saqarTvelos ~aRdgomaSi~ rom amierkavkasiaSi misi odindeli hegemonoba igulisxmeboda, kargad metyvelebs rogorc vaxtang VI-is ~qristianuli politika~, ise erekle IIis pretenziebi aRmosavleT amierkavkasiaze. unda iTqvas, rom am pretenziebma saTanado asaxva traqtatis muxlebSic hpova (igulisxmeba 1783 wlis xelSekruleba ruseTTan), romelTa mixedviT ruseTis imperatori kisrulobda ~dacvasa zeda awindelisa samflobeloTa misisa uganaTlebulesobisa mefisa iraklisa~ (amasTan dakarguli istoriuli teritoriebis dabrunebasac). traqtatSi qarTveli mefe iwodeboda agreTve Saqisa da Sirvanis mTavrad da ganjisa da erevnis mflobelad da mbrZaneblad. n. berZeniSvilis azriT, ~aRdgomaSi~ igulisxmeboda rogorc ~oqros xanis~ sagareo warmatebebi, ise qveynis Sinagani ~wyoba da garigeba~ (g. maisuraZe, wigni XVIII s. saqarTvelos politikur cxovrebaze, ~mnaTobi~, #5, 1990, gv. 170). ~aRdgoma~, rogorc aRiniSna, mTeli saqarTvelos gaerTianebasac gulisxmobda: erovnuli erTianobis idea saqarTveloSi marad arsebobda, da qveyana uTuod SeZlebda gaerTianebas, rogorc amas ~iveriel mefeTa da mTavarTa~ Soris 1790 wels dadebuli ~erTobis traqtati~ metyvelebs, rom imedi ar gaecruebina ruseTs, romlis SemweobiTac qarTvel politikosebs saqarTvelosTvis ~oqros xanis~ aRdgena surdaT. qarTuli saxelmwifoebi ruseTTan urTierTobas gansakuTrebiT maSin aRrmavebdnen, roca maTi politikuri mdgomareoba garkveulad gaumjobesebuli iyo. swored miRweuli

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mdgomareobis ganmtkiceba esaWiroebodaT ruseTis daxmarebiT. ase yofila vaxtang VIisa da petre pirvelis urTierTobisa da Teimuraz-erekles drosac, romelTac 1782 wels aRuniSnavT kidec dedofal elisabedisadmi gagzavnil werilSi: ~xolo vinaTgan aw myofsa amas Jamsa aRaravin ars usjuloTa mefeTagani ufali Cvenzeda... aw aris Jami gamoxsnisa Cvenisa da dRe aRdgomisa Cvenisa~. marTlac am droisaTvis qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gavlena araTu mTels saqarTveloze, aramed amierkavkasiaSic eWvs ar iwvevda. SeiniSneba erTob sagulisxmo movlena: 60-iani wlebis elCobac ruseTSi iseT dros gaigzavna, roca erekle II-is politikuri zegavlena faqtobrivad mTel aRmosavleT amierkavkasiaSi vrceldeboda. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos politikuri mdgomareoba georgievskis traqtatis gaformebis Jamsac metad mtkicea. georgievskis xelSekrulebis wina xanebSic Cveni qveyana Zlieria, ~traqtatis~ wyalobiT ki male erTob dauZlurda. aRsaniSnavia, rom TiTqmis mTeli XVIII s-is ganmavlobaSi Crdilo azerbaijani da somxeTi anu is teritoria, romelsac samxreTidan mdinare araqsi sazRvravda, qarTuli saxelmwifos gavlenis sfero da zogjer vasaluri mxarec ki iyo. am regions Semdgom rusulma xelisuflebam ~aRmosavleTi amierkavkasia~ uwoda, sparseTi ki mas aRniSnul epoqaSi ~gurjistans~ uwodebda. sparsi xelisufali - ~gurjistanis vali~ Zalze xSirad swored am mxaris e.i. md. araqsamde moqceuli aRmosavleT amierkavkasiis gamgebeli iyo (~gurjistanis valebad~, rogorc wesi, qarTveli mefeebi - ~xanebi~ - iniSnebodnen. sparseTSi sul oTxi ~vali~ iyo, romelnic Sahis koronaciaSi aucileblad monawileobdnen). ara marto ~valebi~ (rostom-xani, Sah-navaz V, vaxtang VI), aramed ufro adrec qarTveli mefeebi (Teimuraz I da sxvebi) TavianT gavlenas Zalze xSirad mdinare araqsamde avrcelebdnen. ruseTis xelisuflebam XIX s-is damdegs ~aRmosavleTi kavkasia~ sparseTis imperias Camoacila (anu teritoria mdinare araqsamde). ruseTs amis uflebas is aniWebda, rom masTan ~SeerTebul~ qarTl-kaxeTis saxelmwifos gavlenis sfero araqsamde aRwevda (ganjisa da erevnis saxanoebi erekles moxarkeni iyvnen, xolo Saqsa, Sirvansa da yarabaRze mefe qarTvelTa pretenzias acxadebda da zogierT uflebasac axorcielebda). rogorc aRiniSna, aRmosavleT amierkavkasias sparseTSi zogadad ~gurjistans~ uwodebdnen da es mxare ruseTma Tavis imperias SeuerTa (sazogadod im epoqisaTvis azerbaijani ZiriTadad araqsis samxreTiT mimdebare qveyanas erqva). 1763 w. ~iranis axalma mbrZanebelma erekle qarTl-kaxeTis mefed aRiara. igi Seurigda agreTve qarTveli mefis gavlenas amierkavkasiis saxanoebze (qerim-xans amierkavkasiis xanebisaTvis brZanebebi gaugzavnia, rom erekles morCilni yofiliyvnen. iransa da saqarTvelos Soris politikuri sazRvari kvlavac md. araqsze gadioda (saq. ist. narkv., IV, gv. 632). garkveuli cvlilebebiT ZiriTadad aseve iyo XIX saukunemde. rogorc iTqva, swored qarTuli saxelmwifos gavlenis sferoSi myofi es mxareebi SeuerTa ruseTma Tavis imperias da saqarTvelosa da sparseTs Soris mdinare araqsze gamavali sazRvari ruseTsa da sparseTs Soris sazRvrad iqca. ruseTi, romelsac amierkavkasiis mierTeba hqonda dagegmili, yvevla xerxs xmarobda, rom erekles saxelmwifo dasustebuliyo. roca ereklem jer 1778 w. ganjaSi Tavisi ~gubernatori~ dasva, xolo Semdeg erevnis saxanos uSualod saqarTvelosTan SemosaerTeblad daiwyo moqmedeba, ruseTma es procesi Seaferxa. ereklem erevnis saxano uSualod Tavis saxelmwifos ver SemouerTa zemoT xsenebuli mizezebis gamo da ~aRdgomis~ programis erTi nawili CaifuSa. ~...ruseTis imperia ukve sazRvars udebda erekles gaZlierebas, romlis damoukidebeli politikac mas aRar awyobda. erekles saxelmwifos uyurebdnen mxolod rogorc saSualebas imperiis batonobis gavrcelebisaTvis amierkavkasiaSi~ (saq. ist. narkv., IV, gv. 684). ruseTi erekles evropasTan urTierTobasac zRudavda. radgan mas Tavisi sazRvrebis gafarToebis mizanswrafuli gegma hqonda, saqarTveloc Tavis momaval miwa-wylad miaCnda (iseve rogorc nebismier qveyanas, romlis dapyrobasac SeZlebda). ~aRdgomis~ sakuTari gegmiT erekles mTavari mizani mesxeTis dedasamSoblosTan dabruneba iyo. rusebic TiTqosda osmalTa damarcxebas isaxavdnen miznad, magram, rogorc saqmem warmoaCina, gulSi sxva ram edoT. ruseTis warmomadgenelni erekles osmaleTis sawinaaRmdegol alaSqrebdnen, gamarjvebiT mopovebulis gamoyenebas ki ukrZalavdnen. magaliTad, 1771 w. erekle axalcixis safaSos Seesia da xerTvisis cixe da qalaqi aiRo, xolo rodesac cixeSi Tavisi mecixovneni Caayena, ruseTis warmomadgenlebma mas winaaRmdegoba gauwies, jarebi gaayvanines. aseve Semdgom, kerZod 1772 w. rusebma imdeni moaxerxes, rom erekle mefes Caagones,

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~erTxel kidev dahkar xvanTqaris mamulsao~. manac solomon mefec moimxro da SeerTebulis laSqriT... moarbies axalcixis, artaanisa da javaxeTis olqebi~, magram ruseTma axla, 1772 welsve, Tavisi jarebi gaiyvana saqarTvelodan. advili warmosadgenia, ra mdgomareobaSi unda Cavardniliyo ruseTis wyalobiT osmaleTTan omSi Cabmuli saqarTvelo. saqarTvelosaTvis am mavne kampanias kidev ufro seriozuli Sedegi mohyva TurqeTma miitaca da Tavis imperias uSualod miuerTa qarTuli miwa-wyali - ~qvemo guria~ - qobuleTis mxare. 1772 wlisaTvis ~saqarTvelodan ruseTis jaris gasvlas TurqTagan guriis samTavros erTi nawilis - qobuleTis mxaris mitaceba mohyva (saq. ist. narkv., IV, gv. 658). es iyo foTze ruseTis warumatebeli Setevisa da guriis saSinao saqmeebSi rusi generlebis uxeSi Carevis Sedegi. 1776-79 wlebSi erekles saxelmwifom did warmatebas miaRwia, misi gavlenis sazRvari, rogorc aRiniSna, araqsze gadioda. ~XIX s. TurqeTis oficialur istoriografias miaCnda, rom qarTvelma mefem 1783 w. ruseTis mfarvelobis miRebiT ~daangria sakuTari xelisuflebis safuZveli~. ruseTma erekle moatyua da qarTl-kaxeTis sruli dapyrobisaTvis emzadeboda~... Zlierma ruseTma kavkasionis mTagrexili uomrad gadmolaxa, uSualod daumezoblda sulTanis samflobeloebs da mas saqarTvelodan ~meore fronti~ gauxsna...~1 *1 saq. ist. narkv., IV, gv. 680. ~traqtatis~ dadebisas qarTvel politikosTa mizani upirvelesad saqarTvelos ~aRdgoma~ da miRweuli warmatebebis ganmtkiceba iyo, xolo ruseTis saboloo mizani saqarTvelos gavliT konstantinopolisa da sruteebis aReba da sparseTis damorCileba. ~...imperiis diplomatebi aRmosavleT amierkavkasiidan iranelTa gandevnaze fiqrobdnen da emzadebodnen imisaTvis, rom TurqeTis winaaRmdegac gadamwyveti Seteva daewyoT daepyroT konstantinopoli da sruteebi~.2 *2 iqve, gv. 694.* meore mxriv, ~ruseTs ukve 1778 wliTgan moyolebuli saidumlo gegma hqonda sparseTis Sesaxeb da amis samzadisSi iyo~.3 *3. iv. javaxiSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 23.* ~traqtatis~ gamo qarTuli saxelmwifos mdgomareoba dRiTi dRe uaresdeboda. rusTa ori batalionis daxmareba verafriT amsubuqebda mis mdgomareobas... qarTl-kaxeTs ukve lek-osmalTa sakmaod mravalricxovani jari utevda. maT winaaRmdeg axla qarTvelebi da rusebi erTad gamodiodnen, erToblivi brZola 1784-1785 wlebSi metnaklebad warmatebiT mimdinareobda. qarTl-kaxeTis msxverpli ki am brZolaSi ganuzomeli iyo.4 *4 saq. ist. narkv., IV, gv. 700. ~XVIII s-is 40-iani wlebidan vidre dRemde (1785 w. noemberi) amisTana gansacdelSi saqarTvelo ar yofila~, - swerda garsevan WavWavaZe g. potiomkins...~ ~saqarTvelo ukiduresad nadgurdeba, - werda burnaSovi, - imis gamo, rom gzebze gamosvla saSiSia, vaWroba mTlad Sewyda, puris moyvana Seferxebulia, radgan mosaxleobas saxelmwifo Tu samxedro samsaxurSi iwveven da soflebi dacarielebulia...~1 *1 saq. ist. narkv., IV, gv. 705.* qveynis ubedurebis wyarod miiCneoda traqtati da rusTa jaris yofna saqarTveloSi. ereklesac aseve miaCnda. is elCs werda: ~nu aTqmevineb visme amasa... ruseTis SeerTebis mizeziT mouSveleblobiT daiqca saqarTvelo~2. *2 iqve, gv. 707. ruseTma Tavisi jari gaiyvana saqarTvelodan da moxda gasaocari ram; qarTuli saxelmwifo ufro gaZlierda, ereklem ganjis saxanoze isev gabatonda da samxreT azerbaijanis dasamorCileblad iwyo moqmedeba. qarTulma saxelmwifom Zveli mdgomareoba aRidgina da 1790 w. azerbaijani daimorCila. ~jeri Semdeg yarabaRisa da erevnis xanebze midga. orTavem aRa-mahmad-xanis moTxovnileba uaryo. erevnis xanma ibrahimma Tanac SeuTvala, rom is saqarTvelos mefis, erekle II-is, sruls morCilebaSia da swored amitom, ar SeuZlia aRa-mahmad-xanis moTxovnileba Seasrulos. am ukanasknels gadawyvetili hqonda, orive xani ZaliT daemorCilebina. aseT mdgomareobaSi srulebiT bunebrivi iyo, rom erekle mefes aRa-mahmad-xanis Semosevis molodini hqonda. ruseTis mTavrobam yvela es ambavi mSvenivrad icoda, magram araviTar yuradRebas ar aqcevda im safrTxes, romelic mis erTguls mokavSires, patara saqarTvelos sparseTisagan moeloda~3. *3 iv. javaxiSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 39. ereklem mravalgzis Seaxsena ruseTs 1783 wlis traqtati, magram misagan araTu daxmareba miiRo, aramed Crdilo kavkasiaSi ganlagebuli rusTa jaris sardalma Sahs Seatyobina, rom ruseTi saqarTvelos dasacavad jaris gagzavnas ar apirebda. amiT xelgaxsnili da daimedebuli Sahi 1795 w. saqarTvelos Semoesia. ~erekle meoris SvilisSvilebis cnobiT aRa-mahmad-xani wina kavkasiaSi ganlagebul rusTa jaris sardals gen. gudoviCs didZal saCuqrebs ugzavnida da amitom mas rusTa maSveli jari ar gamougzavnao... gudoviCis utaqtoba da fulxarboba saqarTvelosaTvis im sabediswero momentSi xels uwyobda aRa-mahmad-xans advilad darwmunebuliyo imaSi, rom rusTa maSvel jars ar agzavnidnen~.1 *1 saq. ist. narkv., IV, gv. 759.

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1795 w. seqtemberSi rusTa umoqmedobiT daimedebuli Sahi Tbilisisken daiZra. ~aRamahmad-xanis mxareze gadavidnen erekleTi ukmayofilo yarabaReli somexi meliqebi mejlumi da habovi, male erevnis xanmac qedi mouxara dampyrobels, xolo somexTa kaTalikosma didZali Tanxis gaRebiT (100.000 man.) ~iyida~ mSvidoba. mterma Tbilisis misadgomebTan erekle daamarcxa, ori dRis Semdeg dedaqalaqi aiRo, gaZarcva da gadawva. ~aRa-mahmad-xanis Semosevam ise gaanadgura aRmosavleT saqarTvelos samefo, rom 61.000 komlidan, romelic Semosevamde, magaliTad, Tundac 1783 w. iyo, 1795 wlis Semosevis Semdeg 35.000 komli ZlivsRa iqneboda darCenili. siberis dros Zlieri ~mfarvel~ mokavSiris mier motyuebuli, am Tavze damtydar saSineli ubedurebiT gulgatexili, oTxmoci wlis moxuci mefe iZulebuli iyo mwuxarebiT da sasowarkveTilebiT aRsavse ananuris monasterSi Sexiznuliyo.~2 *2 iv. javaxiSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 42. 1798 wels gardacvlili erekles nacvlad taxtze asul avadmyof giorgi XII-s ruseTis warmomadgenlebma auxsnes, rom ruseTi Tavis jars mxolod maSin miaSvelebda, Tuki is ~SeerTebis~ Txovnas xels moawerda. 1799 wels saqarTveloSi ruseTis jari Semovida, romelic saqarTvelodan 1918 wlamde aRar gasula. qarTvelTa wadili ~ufro Zlieri da mtkice saqarTvelos~ Sesaqmnelad oriaTaswlovani qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis mospobiT dasrulda - ruseTma saqarTvelo daipyro. suli erTobisa 1490 wels qarTlis mefis karze mowveulma didebulTa darbazobam ukve arsebuli faqti erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos sam samefod da samTavroebad daSlisa iuridiulad aRiara. swored 300 wlis Tavze 1790 wels, mefis karze kvlav Sedga didebulTa darbazoba, romelmac qarTvelTa erTianobis sakiTxi sruliad sxvagvarad gadawyvita. is yovlismomcveli damSleli suli, romelic saqarTveloSi XVI-XVII saukuneebSi batonobda, XVIII saukuneSi TandaTan daiSrita da adgils erovnuli erTobis suls uTmobda. sxva sabuTebTan erTad amaze metyvelebs 1790 wlis ~erTobis traqtati iverielTa mefeTa da mTavarTa~. traqtatis sruli saxelia: ~traqtati iverielTa mefeTa da mTavarTagan damtkicebuli sazogadoebisaTvis SeerTebisa qarTlisa, kaxeTisa, imerTa, odiSisa da guriisa, aRwerili sameufeosa qalaqsa Tfiliss 1790 welsa~. Tu aqamde, TiTqmis mTeli 300 wlis manZilze qarTuli samefo-samTavroebi, rbilad rom vTqvaT, ara ~qarTlisa, kaxeTisa, imerTa, odiSisa da guriis SeerTebisaTvis~, aramed qveynis daqucmacebisa da kuTxur-administraciuli suverenitetis ganmtkicebisaTvis iRvwodnen, 1790 w. viTareba kardinalurad Seicvala da upirveles problemad ~SeerTebis~ sakiTxi iqca. mainc ratom unda SeerTebuliyvnen imJamad suverenuli samefoebi da samTavroebi, ra hqondaT saerTo? traqtatis preambula swored am kiTxvas scems pasuxs: yvela saxelmwifoebriv erTeulSi - qarTlSi, kaxeTSi, imereTSi, odiSsa Tu guriaSi cxovrobs erTi eri - qarTveli anu iverieli xalxi. am iverielebs, mcxovrebT, zemoT aRniSnul qveynebSi, eTnikur-erovnuli erTobis garda aqvT agreTve sarwmunoebrivi erToba, rac imiT gamoixateba, rom erTi (e.i. qarTuli) eklesiis wevrni arian. garda amisa, sxvadasxva saxelmwifoebriv erTeulSi mcxovreb iverielebs aqvT enobrivi erToba da rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania - sisxliT naTesaoba, erTmaneTTan kavSiris istoriuli gamocdileba: ~vinaiTgan yovelTave iverielTa, msaxlobelTa samefosa Sina qarTlisa, kaxeTisa, imerTa, odiSisa da guriisaTa, aqvT erTmorwmuneba, arian Zeni erTisa kaTolike eklesiisagan Sobilni da erTisa enisa mqonebelni, aqvT mavasxelobiTica siyvaruli, viTarca sisxliT naTesavTa moyvrobiT SekrulTa urTierTTa Soris. amisaTvis Cven, zemoxsenebulTa qveyanaTa iveriisaTa mefeni da mTavarni, damamtkicebelni saukunosa amis pirobisa, saxeliTa yovlad Zlierisa RmerTisaTa, aRuvsTqvamT mtkicesa amas erTobasa~1. *1. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, II, 1966, gv. 501. maSasadame, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva administraciul-saxelmwifoebriv erTeulis erTobas safuZvlad erovnuli erToba unda dasdeboda. es dokumenti saqarTvelos or geografiul nawilad hyofs - zemo da qvemo iveriebad. ~zemo iveriaSi~ Sedis qarTl-kaxeTis samefo, xolo ~qvemo iveriaSi~ - imerTa samefo, odiSisa da guriis samTavroebi. saxeli ~iveria~ im dros gacocxlda termin ~saqarTvelos~ erTgvari dakninebis gamo. erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos daSlis Semdeg, rogorc cnobilia, ~qarTveli~ zogjer mxolod provinciuli sadaurobis SinaarsiT, ~qarTlelis~ gagebiT ixmareboda, xolo ~kaxeli~, ~imereli~, ~megreli~, ~svani~ Tu sxva, qarTuli provinciebisa da Teme-

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bis mkvidr qarTvelTa sadaurobis aRmniSvneli saxelebi iyo. am dros gaCnda tendencia kuTxur-Temobrivi saxelebis gverdiT iseTi saxeli damkvidrebuliyo, romelic maTi saerTo samSoblos gamomxatveli iqneboda. aseT saxelad ~saqarTvelos~ da ~qarTvelis~ gverdiT ~iveria~ da ~iverielni~ gaCnda.2 *2 saq. ist. narkv. IV, gv. 721. qarTvelTa erovnuli erTobis aRmniSvnelma terminma ~iverielma~ xelaxali sicocxle XVIII s-is damdegs SeiZina. am dros dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas - qvemo iverielebs, aRmosavleTisas ki - zemo iverielebs uwodebdnen. zogierT sabuTSi mcxeTeli mamamTavari Tavs ~zemo-iveriis kaTalikos-patriarqad~ moixseniebda. aseve erT sabuTSi afxazeTis kaTalikosi Tavis Tavs ~qvemo iveriis patriarqs~ uwodebs. rogorc aRiniSna, am dros saqarTvelo faqtobrivad danawevrebuli qveyana iyo da sxvadasxva administraciul erTeulSi mcxovreb qarTvelebs erovnuli TviTSemecneba uaRresad dakninebuli hqondaT. isini xSirad TavianT erovnul warmomavlobas imis mixedviT sazRvravdnen, Tu romel kuTxeSi cxovrobdnen. imereTSi imerloba yalibdeboda, kaxeTSi - kaxeloba, guriaSi - guruloba da a.S. erovnuli TviTSemecneba iqamde iyo dakninebuli, rom sruliad saqarTvelos momcveli saxelmwifos arseboba saeWvod iyo qceuli, xalxis yuradReba - sruliad sxva saganze gadatanili. Cvens did istorikoss, vaxuSti bagrations sagangebo msjeloba dasWirda, rom erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos arsebobis istoriuli realoba daemtkicebina: ~garna erTmefobasa warmoaCinebs awca samni xilulni eseni, vinaiTgan iyo yoveli iveria qarTlis mefisa qveSe pyrobasa: pirveli ukeTu hkiTxo vinme qarTvelsa an imersa, mesxsa da her-kaxsa - ra rjuli xar? wams mogigebs: ~qarTveli~. meored ars amaT yovelTa wigni da ena erTi-igive farnaoz pirvelsa mefisagan qmnuli. da hkiTxo ra winTqmulTa maT kacTa: ~ra ena da wigni uwyi~, mogigebs myis - ~qarTuli~. rameTu ara ityvis, arca rjulsa, enasa da wignsa imerTasa, anu mesxTa da her-kaxTasa, aramed qarTulsa~.1 *1 ~qarTlis cxovreba~, IV, gv. 291. erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos daSlasTan erTad, qarTveli xalxic Temebad da tomebad iSleboda, magram es procesi totaluri ar yofila. kuTxur saxelmwifoebriv erTeulebSi mcxovrebma mosaxleobam Zveli, erovnuli TviTSemecnebis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi SeinarCuna. vaxuStis mixedviT, es niSnebi yofila ~qarTuli rjuli~, ~qarTuli ena~, ~qarTuli wigni~ da sxva. termin ~rjulSi~ vaxuSti ara marto sarwmunoebriv aRmsareblobas, aramed eTnikur kuTvnilebasac gulisxmobda. saerTod, qarTul xalxur metyvelebaSi ~rjuli~ ufro eTnikuri kuTvnilebis aRsaniSnavad gamoiyeneboda, vidre sarwmunoebisa. es albaT Sua saukuneebSi Seqmnili mdgomareobis anareklia, roca adamianis erovnebas misi sarwmunoebrivi mrwamsi gansazRvravda. magaliTad, pasuxi kiTxvaze: ~ra rjuli xar?~ - ~qarTveli~ eTnikur warmoSobas gulisxmobda. eTnikuri da nacionaluri TviTSemecnebis daqveiTebis dros saxelmwifoebriv da eklesiur erTianobas didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda. es kargad esmodaT Cvens saeklesio moRvaweebs da maradJams erovnuli TviTSegnebis asaRorZineblad iRvwodnen. magaliTad, miuxedavad imisa, rom aRniSnul periodSi qarTuli eklesia orad iyo gayofili, Zalze xSirad eklesiis mesaWeni titulaturaSi TavianT Tavs moixseniebdnen sruliad saqarTvelos mamamTavrebad. qarTuli eklesiis meTauris saxeli im dros, rogorc wesi, qveynis yovel mxareSi moixsenieboda, radgan wirva-locvis dros kaTalikos-patriarqis xseneba yvela eklesiaSi savaldebulo iyo, xolo misi sruli titulaturiT moxsenieba yoveli kuTxis mcxovreb qarTvels saerTo samSoblos, saqarTvelos, arsebobas Seaxsenebda. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia is, rom ~saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi~ ara marto mcxeTel mamamTavars, aramed biWvinTel (gelaTel) mamamTavarsac ewodeboda. magaliTad, 1712 wlis sabuTSi biWvinTisadmi Sewirulebis wigns afxazeTis kaTalikosi ase awers xels - ~grigol mwyemsi qristes mier yovlisa saqarTveloisa kaTalikozi~.1 *1 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 675. sityva ~saqarTvelo~ dasavleT saqarTveloSi qveynis ukiduresi daSlis drosac ki cocxlobda. saqarTvelos am nawilis mosaxleobas ~qarTvelebs~ uwodebdnen. magaliTad, 1733 wlis biWvinTisadmi Sewirulebis wignSi grigol afxazeTis kaTalikosi wers: ~andrias moeca CrdiloeTisa qveyana... rameTu Cven qarTvelni misni wil-xTomilni varT~.2 *2 iqve, gv. 727.* Cveni eklesiis mesaWeTa aseTi gancxadebebi didad uwyobda xels dasavlel qarTvelTa erovnul TviTSemecnebaSi garkvevas da erovnuli TviTSegnebis ganmtkicebas, miT umetes, rom dasavleT saqarTveloSi mravali qarTuli Temi da tomi cxovrobda. sabednierod, XVIII s-Si gaRvivebuli ~erTobis suli~ ise Zlieri aRmoCnda, Temobrivi partikularizmi sZlia. sazogadod saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi mcxovrebTa erovnuli erTianobis Sesaxeb imdroindeli moRvaweni yovelTvis, gansakuTrebiT aSlilobis drosac ki, werdnen. magaliTad, XVII s-is Sua wlebSi gansakuTrebiT gaZlierebu-

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li odiSis mTavari usastikesad arbevda imereTs. amis gamo vaxuSti wers - ~aramed imerTa uyofda esreT TanamonaTesaveTa, erTsjulTa da mefesa Tvissa.~3 *3 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 830.* rogorc moyvanili winadadebidan Cans, odiSarni da imerelni - ~TanamonaTesaveni~ anu erTi eris Svilebi arian da es TviT usastikesi urTierTJletis drosac ki ician. uZvelesi qarTuli saistorio wyarodan ~moqcevai qarTlisaidan~ Cans, rom qarTveli xalxi, romelsac sakuTari saxelmwifo hqonda, erad jer kidev qrgistes Sobamde didi xniT adre Camoyalibda. ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT, IV-III ss-Si ukve erTiani saxelmwifo gvqonda, romlis pirvelma mefe farnavazma qarTul enas saxelmwifo statusi mianiWa. pirveli erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos sazRvrebi dasavleTiT Sav zRvasa da mdinare egriswyalze gadioda. V saukunisaTvis es sazRvrebi CrdiloeTiT iqna gadaweuli. ~moqcevais~ mixedviTac ~arian - qarTlidan~ gadmosaxlebuli qarTvelebis gansaxlebis ukiduresi dasavleTis sazRvari mdinare egriswyalsa da Sav zRvaze gadioda. VIII-X s-Si saqarTvelos saxelmwifos kvlav gaerTianebam da erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos kvlav aRdgenam XI s-is Semdgom kidev ufro ganamtkica qarTveli eris erToba, magram XV-XVI s-Si erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos daSlam eris Temebad daSla gamoiwvia. warmoiSva mcire qarTuli saxelmwifoebi. am saxelmwifoebSi mcxovreb qarTvelobas uviTardeboda kuTxuroba, yalibdeboda Temobrioba, sazogadod zogjer ersa da saxelmwifos sinonimuri mniSvnelobiTac ki iyenebdnen.1 *1 m. wereTeli, eri da saxelmwifo, 1990, gv. 89.* cxadia, qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebis, samefoebisa da samTavroebis arseboba xels uwyobda qarTveli eris daSlasa da kuTxuroba-Temobriobis aRorZinebas. saqarTveloSi kulturul-saganmanaTleblo saqmianobis umTavresi da umniSvnelovanesi kerebi, rogorc wesi - eklesia-monastrebi iyvnen, romelnic saerTod ar scnobdnen kuTxobriobasa da Temobriobas da qarTvel ers erTian sxeulad ganixilavdnen. ~qarTul-samefo-samTavroebSi mimdinare kulturul SemoqmedebiTi procesi saerToerovnuli, qarTuli kulturis ganviTarebis procesi iyo. es ar iyo qarTluri, kaxuri, imeruli Tu megrul-gurul-svanuri kultura. politikuri gaTiSulobis pirobebSic qarTuli enis safuZvelze Seqmnili kulturuli erToba, romelic Sinagani ideologiuri antagonizmiT xasiaTdeboda, arasodes danawevrebula calkeuli qarTuli eTnikuri erTeulebis kulturad~.2 *2 saq. ist. narkv., IV, gv. 357. qarTuli eklesia ara mxolod ideologiurad qmnida qarTul eTnikur erTeulTa Soris erTobis sulier safuZvlebs, aramed praqtikuli saqmianobiTac. Cveni eklesiis struqtura ise iyo mowyobili, rom is yovelTvis, Tavisda uneblieTac ki, erTianobas uwyobda xels. es kargad SeumCneviaT Cvens mefeebs samTavroTa, saTavadoTa da saero feodalTa mier qveynis daqucmacebisas.~3 *3 m. rexviaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 44. erTianobis suli, romelsac eklesia amkvidrebda, gansakuTrebiT dasafasebeli iyo im didi Sinagani aSlilobis dros, romelmac saqarTvelo XVI-XVIII s-Si moicva. Tumca saqarTvelo samefoebad da samTavroebad iyo daSlili, maT Soris gauvali, yru kedeli, anda dRevandeli gagebiT sazRvari ar arsebobda. xalxi erTiani iyo. saqarTvelos erTmaneTisagan politikurad daSorebul kuTxeebs Cveni winaprebi ~saqarTveloebs~ SemTxveviT rodi uwodebdnen. ~am TvalsazrisiT udavod sayuradRebo iyo XVIII s. damdegis istorikosis beri egnataSvilis mier naxmari saxeli ~saqarTveloni~, riTac mas albaT imis Tqma surda, rom saqarTvelo raRac ucxo nawilebad ki ara ~saqarTveloebad~ daiSala da misi mTlianobis aRdgena aucilebeli Seiqmna~1. *1. saq. ist. narkv., IV, gv. 720. XVIII s-is II naxevarSi dadga dro saqarTvelos ~aRdgomisa~ anu erTxelmwifebis qveS gaerTianebisa. ~qarTl-kaxeTis progresuli moRvaweebi XVIII s-is 60-80-ian wlebSi xedavdnen, rom am dros swored erekle iyo erTaderTi kandidati, romelic ~sruliad saqarTvelos~ xelmwife unda gamxdariyo~.2 *2 iqve, gv. 721.* qarTuli eklesia da misi mesaWe anton kaTalikosi didad iRvwodnen amisaTvis. am sakiTxis ganxilvisas samefo darbazobaze yvela didebuli evedreboda da umtkicebda erekles enebebina saqarTvelos gaerTianeba, maT Soris anton kaTalikosic, magram samwuxarod ereklem uari ganacxada: ~bevrs ecada solomon (lioniZe)) ~raTa moeyvana erTobasa mtkicesa erTnaTesaoba qarTvelTa, mecadineobda SinakavSiriTa gaeuqmebina garekavSiri~. amaod uxsnida igi mefe-mTavrebs, rom ~eri, daculi gareTiTa ucxoTa naTesavTagan mfarvelobiTa, aris maradis damdablebuli~, magram veraferi gaawyo... imereTis SemoerTebis saqme CaiSala, Tumca erekles SviliSvilis - daviT arCilis Zis (romelic Semdgom solomon II-is saxeliTaa cnobili) gamefeba imereTSi, rac 1790 w. erekle II-is mxedrobam ganaxorciela, gaerTianebisaTvis brZolaSi mopovebuli erTgvari

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warmatebis maCvenebeli iyo. solomon meore bolomde darCa erekles erTguli mokavSire da mis upiratesobas bolomde aRiarebda, 1790 w. ivnisSi solomon lioniZis iniciativiT gaformda ~traqtati iverielTa mefeTa da mTavarTagan damtkicebuli qarTlisa, kaxeTisa, imerTa, odiSisa da guriisa, aRwerili samefosa qalaqsa Tfiliss~. am traqtatiT dasavleT saqarTvelos mefe-mTavrebi qarTl-kaxeTis samefosTan samxedro kavSirs amyarebdnen da 1783 wlis traqtats uerTdebodnen~.1 *1 saq. ist. narkv., IV, gv. 729. samwuxarod, saerTaSoriso viTareba, rogorc Cans, 1790 wlis erTobis traqtatis damtkicebas ruseTisa da osmaleTis saxelmwifoebis mxridanac moiTxovda. swored es iyo saTxovari ruseTis karze myofi erekles elCebisa, romelnic aseve moiTxovdnen, rom osmaleTs mitacebuli samcxe-saaTabago daebrunebina. garda amisa, isini moiTxovdnen, osmaleTs xeli aeRo azerbaijanze.2 *2 iqve, gv. 729.* aqedan Cans, rom qarTvelobis mizani am droisaTvis saqarTvelos anu erTmefobis droindeli samefos ~aRdgoma~ iyo, romlis sazRvrebi zRvidan - zRvamde iqneboda gadaWimuli. maT am saqmeSi ruseTis daxmarebis imedi hqondaT. magram imedi ar gaumarTldaT, rasac Sedegad qarTuli saxelmwifos gauqmeba mohyva. Tavi XVI. qarTuli eklesia XIX-XX saukuneebSi Sesavali saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriis ori, SeiZleba iTqvas, yvelaze mniSvnelovani movlena ganekuTvneba XIX-XX saukuneebs. esaa Cveni eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba ruseTis mier da misi aRdgena qarTveli erisa da samRvdeloebis mecadineobis wyalobiT. marTlmadidebloba qarTvelTa erovnuli sarwmnuoeba rusebis kavkasiaSi gamoCenamde saukuneebiT adre iyo. saqarTveloSi mociqulTa mier danergilma am sarwmunoebam, romelsac saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia wmidad icavda, XVII-XVIII s-Si, saqarTvelos uaRresi gasaWiris Jams, gadaarCina qarTveli eri da qarTveloba saerTod. es araa xatovani Tqma. ra sarwmunoebrivi mimarTulebisac unda iyos istorikosi, SeuZlebelia ar aRiaros, rom marTlmadidebloba da qarTveloba am saukuneebSi gaerTmniSvnelianebuli iyo da erTis uaryofa ZiriTadad meoris dakargvasac iwvevda. rogorc gamorkveulia, politikur Tu sulier mizezTa gamo gagrigorianebuli qarTvelebi gasomxdnen, gakaTolikebuli qarTvelebi osmaleTis imperiaSi jer ~gafrangdnen~ da Semdeg gasomxdnen, iqve gamahmadianebul qarTvelebs Zlier SeeryaT erovnuli cnobiereba, aseve mTianeTSi gawarmarTebulTac. am savalalo Sedegebs xedavda XVII-XVIII saukuneTa qarTveloba da mtkiced miiswrafoda erTmorwmune, marTlmadidebluri ruseTisaken. ivane javaxiSvili wers: ~qarTvelebs SoriTgan gagonili hqondaT rusTa mxurvale sarwmunoebrivi grZnoba da eWvi ar ebadebodaT, rom ruseTi qarTvelTa suliskveTebas advilad gaigebda da maTs Tavganwirul brZolaSi sparselTa da osmalTa winaaRmdeg wrfelis guliT Zliers daxmarebas gauwevda. ruseTis mTavrobas da politikosebs ar gamohparviaT qarTvelTa amgvari politikuri gulubryviloba. mTeli maTi politika saqarTvelos mimarT, rodesac ki ruseTis samxedro TvalsazrisiT qarTvelTa Zalis gamoyeneba osmaleTis an sparseTis winaaRmdeg saWirod miaCndaT, swored qarTvelTa am sust grZnobaze da gulubryvilobaze iyo xolme damyarebuli. ~qarTvelebs mxurvale sarwmunoebrivi grZnoba aqvT da amazea damokidebuli maTi gulmodgineba sruliad ruseTis karisadmi da keTil mosurneoba rusi xalxisadmi~, ase ambobdnen ruseTis mTavrobis warmomadgenlebi da qarTvelTa am mxurvale sarwmunoebrivi grZnobis saSualebiT cdilobdnen da axerxebdnen kidec qarTvelebis imdenad mojadoebas, rom ruseTis politikuri miznebis gansaxorcieleblad gamoeyenebinaT. roca ruseTisaTvis saWiro iyo, maSin mas agondeboda, rom qarTvelebi mxurvale qristianebi iyvnen... ase iyo xolme sanam saqarTvelos ar Seacdenda da Tavis samxedro gegmisdamixedviT osmaleTTan an sparseTTan omSi, romelsac igi ganizraxavda, ar Carevda, magram ra wams ruseTs Tavisi piradi mizani miuRwevlad miaCnda, an omis gagrZelebas TavisaTvis xelsayrelad aRar sTvlida, is saqarTvelos uyoymanod miatovebda xolme da maSin mas yvelaferi aviwydeboda, qarTvelTa qristianobac da gaWirvebac. aseT SemTxvevaSi is imazec ki aRar fiqrobda, rom saqarTvelo swored misi wyalobiTa da misi moqmedebiT winandelze ufro uaressa da umweo mdgomareobaSi vardeboda xolme~ (iv. javaxiSvili, damokidebuleba ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris XVIII saukuneSi, 1919, gv. 52). rogorc wina TavebSic aRiniSna, XV-XVI ss-Si daSlili saqarTvelo mravalgzisi mcdelobis miuxedavad ver gaerTianda da XIX s-is karibWesac daSlil-danawevrebuli miadga.

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erTmaneTisagan damoukidebeli, faqtiurad suverenuli saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebis arsebobam (qarTlis, kaxeTis, imereTis samefoebi, samegrelos, guriisa da sxva samTavroebi) daanawevra qarTveloba. xeli Seuwyo erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli qarTuli eTnografiuli jgufebis warmoqmnas barSi, xolo mTaSi tomobrioba da Temobrioba aaRorZina. XVI-XVIII ss-Si, saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifos daSlis Semdgom, imerlobam, qarTlelobam, kaxelobam, megrelobam, gurulobam da a.S. gamokveTilad Camoyalibebuli saxe miiRo. erovnuli cnobiereba ise daeca, rom, rogorc wminda ilia marTali werda: ~qarTvels goris mazraSi mcxovrebs-Ra uwodeben~; kaxeli - kaxelobda, imereli imerlobda, megreli - megrelobda da a.S. rogorc aRiniSna, qarTveli eris eTnografiul jgufebad daSlas kuTxuri saxelmwifoebis arseboba iwvevda (saxelmwifos aqvs Tviseba Tavis wiaRSi, Tavisi sazRvrebis SigniT mcxovreb mosaxleobas saukuneTa manZilze, xangrZlivi istoriuli Tanacxovrebis Semdgom sakuTari eTnikuri saxe Camouyalibos). amitomac saqarTvelos gaerTianebas anu kuTxuri saxelmwifoebisa Tu saxelmwifoebrivi warmonaqmnebis mospobas qarTveli eris mTlianobisaTvis sasicocxlo mniSvneloba hqonda. XVI-XVIII s-Si cxadi gaxda, rom marTlmadideblobas ganSorebuli qarTvelebi erovnebasac kargavdnen, grigoriani qarTvelebis armenofiluri cnobiereba, kaTolike qarTvelebis ~frangoba~ da mahmadiani qarTvelebis ~TaTroba~ Cvens mosaxleobasa da politikur wreebs arwmunebda, rom qarTvelobis erTaderTi sayrdeni - marTlmadidebloba iyo. amitom egonaT, qarTvelobis SesanarCuneblad samkvdro-sasicocxlo brZolaSi mahmadianuri TurqeTisa da sparseTisagan gansxvavebiT ruseTi, surda Tu ar surda, Tavisi marTlmadideblobis gamo ~qarTvelobas~ safuZvels ara Tu ver gamoaclida, aramed ganamtkicebda kidec. moxda ki piriqiT. ruseTis imperiam 1801 w. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo gaauqma da mefoba mospo. qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba 1811 wlidan, qarTuli eklesia, marTali sarwmunoebis damcveli mTels kavkasiaSi, rusuli biurokratiuli sistemis danamatad gadaaqcies. kaTalikos-patriarqma kirion IIm ase Seafasa XIX s-Si Cveni eklesiis yofa - ~asi wlis monobis gamo Seirya saqarTvelos eklesiis mwyobri sistema eris gulTan SeTanxmebuli. dairRva kavSiri, gaqra suli cxoveli~. qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia gauqmda imperatorisa da ruseTis wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebiT, risi uflebac maT ar hqondaT. amiT dairRva wmida msoflio krebaTa da mociqulTa kanonebi, magram isicaa aRsaniSnavi, rom qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis, iseve rogorc qarTuli saxelmwifos gauqmeba erTjeradi aqti ar yofila. jer kidev mixeil TamaraSvilma aRniSna, rom qarTuli eklesiis TavisTavadobis Seryeva daiwyo erekle II-is mefobisas, kaTalikos anton I-is dros. ~anton kaTalikosi pirveli Seecada rusul eklesiasTan daaxloebasa da misi zogierTi wesis SemoRebas saqarTveloSi. anton kaTalikosi sinodis wevradac ki iyo arCeuli~ (m. TamaraSvili, qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan dRemde, 1995, gv. 437). ar SeiZleba romelime avtokefaluri eklesiis meTauri iyos sxva, ucxo eklesiis sinodis wevri. amiT, cxadia, avtokefaluri eklesiis Rirseba knindeba, Tu ufro meti ara. anton I ki, 1783 wlidan daniSnuli iyo ruseTis wmida sinodis wevrad. amave wels ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris dadebuli traqtatis ZaliTac qarTuli eklesiis TavisTavadoba iryeoda. georgievskis traqtatis merve artikulSi, kerZod Cawerili iyo: ~kaTalikossa anu umTavressa arqiepiskopossa maTsa aqundes adgili ricxvTa Soris ruseTisa mRvdelmTavarTasa mervesa Sina xarisxsa, ese igi, ars Semdgomad tobolskisa da yovlad umowyalesobiT miuboZebs mas niadag titlosa uwmindesisa sinodis Clenobisasa, xolo marTebisaTvis saqarTvelosa eklesiaTasa da miwer-moweraTasa, Tu viTar saTanado ars ruseTisa sinodisadmi, imisTvis ukve daiwerebis sxva artikuli~. Cvens naSromSi ~saqarTvelos adgilobrivi saeklesio krebebi~ gamokvleuli gvaqvs, rom anton I qarTuli eklesiis SigniT arsebulma qaosma da mtrulma urTierTdamokidebulebam samRvdeloTa Soris, aiZula kaTalikosobidan gadayenebis Semdeg samarTali eZia ruseTSi, sadac igi srulebiT gaamarTles, viTarca WeSmariti marTlmadidebeli, daniSnes erT-erTi centraluri eparqiis mmarTvelad arqiepiskoposis tituliT. saqarTveloSi dabrunebis Semdeg antoni kvlav avida sakaTalikoso taxtze da Seecada qarTuli eklesia moewesrigebina rusul eklesiaSi arsebuli wesebis Sesabamisad, yovelmxriv daeaxlovebina qarTuli eklesia rusulTan. traqtatSi aRniSnuli qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliisaTvis Seusabamo muxlic misi ganzraxviT unda Sesuliyo.

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rogorc cnobilia, qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis gauqmeba imperatoris manifestiT amcnes qarTvel xalxs sionis taZarSi. rusebis survili iyo, es mZime saqme xalxSi avtoritetuli qarTuli eklesiis meSveobiT aResrulebina. dimitri yifiani Tavis ~memuarebSi~ (1990, gv. 136) aRniSnavs: ~sionSi misuli qarTvelebi manifestis mosmenisas sastikad aRelvebulan, Tumca ki ~sionisaken mimaval quCebSi gamwkrivebuli iyo or-wyeba jari~. manifesti qarTuladac ki ar uTargmniaT - ~ar SeiZleba qarTvelebis win iseTi sityvebis warmoTqma, romelic imaTTvis udides cinizms gamoxatavda~. cnobilia, rom ruseTis xelisuflebam kargad gamoiyena is winaaRmdegobani da urTierTbrZola, rac gaCaRebuli iyo qarTvel batoniSvilTa Soris taxtis xelSi Casagdebad. msgavsi mdgomareoba iyo eklesiaSic. anton kaTlaikosma warudgina rusul mTavrobas moTxovnis Sesabamisad aRwera monastrebisa, eklesiebisa da samRvdeloebisa, gadmosca maTi ~samwuxaro mdgomareoba~, monawileoba miiRo wmida ninos cxovelmyofeli jvris gadmosvenebaSi, romelic ruseTma daubruna saqarTvelos, magram mianc ~rusis mTavroba eWviT uyurebda anton kaTalikosis moqmedebas~, cilad swamebdnen TiTqosda antirusul TaTbirebSi monawileobda, ~darejan dedoflis ganzraxvebs~ emxroboda, eklesiebSi TiTqosda imperatoris nacvlad ixseniebdnen mefed mis Zmas iulons. sinamdvileSi ki ruseTs gadawyvetili hqonda, gaeuqmebina saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia. amitom kaTalikos-patriarqis sakiTxic dadga. ~imperatorma aleqsandre I-ma 1811 wlis 10 ivniss werili miswera anton kaTalikoss, dahpirda misi Rirsebis Seulaxaobas wm. sinodis avtoritetis meSveobiT da miipatiJa ruseTSi, sadac misi sakadrisi pativiT icxovrebda, miiRebda pensias da amasTanave daikavebda mexuTe adgils wm. sinodSi~ (m. TamaraSvili, dasaxelebuli naSr. gv. 438). saqarTvelos eklesia am dros flobda didZal qonebas, saxnav-saTes miwebs, tyeebs, qarxnebs, saTevzao adgilebs, wisqvilebs, Senobebsa da sxva qonebas, ekonomikurad damoukidebeli erTeuli iyo. amiT mkveTrad gansxvavdeboda rusuli eklesiisagan, romelic ruseTis xelisuflebas saxelmwfios nawilad hqonda gadaqceuli, damorCilebuli saerTo xelisuflebisadmi. saqarTveloSi ki piriqiT, xelisuflebis saTavesTan idga eklesiis umaRlesi ierarqebi. magaliTad, swored imJamindeli imereTis mmarTveloba ase gaxldaT mowyobili: mefe ~imereTis samefos saqmeebs warmarTavda ~sabWos~ daxmarebiT, romelsac Seadgenda oTxi episkoposi - 1. quTaTeli mitropoliti dosiTeosi, 2. gelaTeli mitropoliti eqvTime, 3. nikorwmindeli mitropoliti sofroniosi da 4. mTavarepiskoposi antoni. CamoTvlil mRvdelmTavrebs ~sabWoSi~ didi uflebebi hqondaT, maT Sexedulebebsa da mosazrebebs mefe yovelTvis gulmodgined ismenda da did angariSs uwevda (m. gonikaSvili, imereTi XVIII-XIX saukuneTa mijnaze, 1979, gv. 53). mRvdelmTavarTa garda ~sabWoSi~ 30-mde Tavadi monawileobda. qveynis marTvis es wesi mogvagonebs daviT aRmaSeneblisa da gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos mefeTa mier dadgenil wess, roca qveynis mmarTvelobis saqmes meTaurobda ~oTxi berisa~ da vezirebisagan Seqmnili darbazis kari. oTxi beris jgufSi Sediodnen qarTlisa da afxazeTis kaTalikosebi, Wyondideli da moZRvarTmoZRvari. ruseTSi ki qveynis sammarTvelo saqmeTagan ara Tu CamoSorebuli iyo eklesia, aramed TviT eklesias 1722 wlidan oberprokurori xelmZRvanelobda, romelic wm. sinods edga saTaveSi. igi saero piri iyo da didi uflebebi hqonda. ruseTSi saero xelisuflebisadmi eklesiis morCileba, rac petre didma wamoiwyo 1721 wels patriarqis Tanamdebobis gauqmebiT, 1784 wels daasrula ekaterine meorem. 1810 wlis 3 marts kaTalikosi anton II TiTqmis ZaliT gaiwvies peterburgs da saqarTveloSi dabrunebis neba aRar darTes. qarTvel xalxs ki aimedebdnen cru cnobebiT. erTi wlis Semdeg movida golicinis cnoba, romelSic kaTalikosis dagvianeba axsnili iyo misi avadmyofobiT. anton II-is mosaydred daniSnes varlam erisTavi, mtrulad ganwyobili saqarTvelos samefo karis mimarT, ruseTSi aRzrdili da rusuli eklesiis wyobis kargi mcodne. anton II-is gawvevis Semdeg eklesiis sammarTvelo organos dikasteriis meTaurad dainiSna swored es varlam erisTavi da eboZa saqarTvelos egzarqosis tituli. masve daavales SeemuSavebina sasuliero dikasteriis mowyobis proeqti. mTavarmarTebelma tormasovma miswera varlams: ~sinodis oberprokurori macnobebs, rom xelmwife imperatoris surviliT saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba ise unda moawyoT, rom igi damokidebuli iqnes ruseTis wmida sinodze~. saqarTvelos eklesiis reorganizaciis proeqti varlam erisTavis mier Sedgenili 1809-1811 wlebSi, waredgina mTavarmarTebel tormasovs, romelic daamtkica wmida sinodma 1811 wlis 30 ivliss. am proeqtiT Seiqmna dikasteria da saqarTvelos eklesiam dakarga avtokefalia.

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avtokefaliis gauqmebis dros qarTl-kaxeTSi iyo 13 eparqia (Tbilisis, mcxeTis, samTavros, ruisis, urbnisis, wilknis, samTavisis, niqozis, alaverdis, ninowmindis, rusTavis, nekresis, bodbes), mTavarmarTebel tormasovis cnobiT: 799 eklesia, 746 mRvdeli, 146 diakvani da sxva danarCeni 661 sasuliero piri. arqiepiskopos varlam erisTavis proeqtiT kaxeTis 5 saepiskoposo unda gaerTianebuliyo erT - alaverdis eparqiad, xolo qarTlis 8 saepiskoposo erT - mcxeTis eparqiad. qarTlis eparqiis Semosavali daaxloebiT iyo 16960 maneTi, kaxeTis eparqiisa ki - 9500 maneTi. arsebuli 9 saarqimandritos nacvlad varlamis proeqtiT unda darCeniliyo 5 (bodbis, qvaTaxev-mRvimis, kaxeTis, daviTgarejis da ioane naTlismcemlis). es proeqti wm. sinodma daamtkica da daadgina: 1. gauqmdes 13 eparqia da darCes 2, xolo cxra arqimandritis nacvlad xuTi; 2. saqarTvelos eklesias saTaveSi Caudges mcxeTa-qarTlis mitropoliti varlam erisTavi da mieniWos mas mudmivi egzarqosis wodeba, amave dros igi iyos wmida sinodis wevri; 3. saqarTveloSi gauqmdes eklesiis damoukidebloba da qarTul marTlmadideblur eklesias saTaveSi Caudges wmida sinodis ganyofileba - dikasteria, romelic yvelaferSi daemorCileba wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebebs. es dadgenileba wmida sinodma ganixila 1811 wlis 24 ivniss, xolo ZalaSi Sevida 30 ivniss. esaa dRe, rodesac qarTulma marTlmadideblurma eklesiam dakarga avtokefalia da daiwyo umZimesi periodi mis Semdgom moRvaweobaSi. eparqiebs rusuli xelisufleba adrec amcirebda. magaliTad, cicianovma (1802-1806 ww.) qarTlSi arsebuli 6 eparqiidan datova 3. es xdeboda mTavrobisaTvis arasasurveli pirebis kaTedridan CamosaSoreblad. imereTis samefos gauqmebis Semdeg mTavrobam gadawyvita dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesia emarTa saqarTvelos dikasteriis meSveobiT. 1815 wlis 30 agvistos dikasteria gadakeTda ~saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodalur kantorad~. ruseTis mTavrobam mas daumorCila jer kidev avtonomiuri samTavroebis - guriisa da samegrelos eparqiebic. amrigad, arqiepiskoposi egzarqosi varlam erisTavi dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiasac marTavda, energiulad iRvwoda eklesia-monastrebis Semosavlebis aRsaricxavad, rasac mTavroba udides mniSvnelobas aniWebda, magram mainc zemdgomebma ar inebes am Tanamdebobaze qarTveli kacis datoveba da 1817 wels igi peterburgSi gaiwvies. amave 1817 wlidan egzarqosad dainiSna riazaneli arqiepiskoposi Teofilaqte rusanovi (1817-1821). mis Semdeg mxolod rusi erovnebis episokposebi marTavdnen saqarTvelos saegzarqosos. Teofilaqtes proeqtiT, romelic daamtkica ministrTa komitetma, unda garkveuliyo saegzarqosoSi eklesia-monastrebis, sasuliero pirebisa da mrevlis raodenoba, SeemcirebinaT samRvdeloTa raodenoba da aRar ekurTxebinaT aravin mRvdlad saTanado gankargulebamde. man 1819 wels Seamcira imereTis saepiskoposoebi maTi erT eparqiad gaerTianebis gziT, TiTo-TiTo eparqia datova guriasa da samegreloSi. amrigad dasavleT saqarTvelos 12 eparqiidan darCa 3 eparqia. amis garda, egzarqosi amcirebda moqmedi eklesiebis raodenobas, mRvdlebi rCebodnen StatgareSe (m. xuciSvili, dasax. naSr. gv. 20). saxalxo ajanyeba avtokefaliis dasacavad ruseTis mTavroba ver egueboda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis umcires gamovlinebasac ki, radganac icoda, rom erovnuli eklesia qarTvelTa cnobierebis, TviTSemecnebis wyaro iyo da maT damoukideblobas axsenebda. 1819 wels egzarqosi Teofilaqte gadavida dasavleT saqarTveloSi da Seudga mTavrobis davalebis Sesrulebas, e.i. eklesiaTa daxurvas, saeklesio qonebis aRweras da momzadebas misi xazinisaTvis gadasacemad, amasTanave saeklesio glexebisagan iTxovda saeklesio gadasaxadis gadidebas. mTavroba imedovnebda, rom am gziT saxazino Semosavals gazrdidnen 700.000 maneTamde, manamde ki Semosavali 18-20 aTas maneTs Seadgenda. am dros imereTis mosaxleoba sanaxevrod ganadgurebuli iyo da did gaWirvebaSi imyofeboda. imereTis samefos dapyrobis Semdeg iq rusis jarma Seitana Savi Wiri, romelmac mosaxleobis meti wili gawyvita. imereTidan mefe solomon II-is gaZevebis Semdeg ~1811-1812 wlebSi samefoSi mZvinvarebda Savi Wiri da SimSili, ramac mosaxleobis naxevari gaanadgura~ (m. gonikaSvili, dasax. naSr. gv. 16). 1817 wels, e.i. daaxloebiT Teofilaqtes imereTSi gadasvlis dros, imereTSi 12730 komli (85000) suli iqneboda (iqve, gv. 16), aqedan - 2124 saeklesio komli, 1994 komli saeklesio glexi da 130 ojaxi saeklesio aznauri (narkv. IV, gv. 931). e.i. TiTqmis yoveli meeqvse komli saeklesio iyo anu mosaxleobis 20%-mde Teofilaqte imereTSi mourideblad iqceoda da amiT kidev ufro gaanawyena mosaxleoba. xalxi aRSfoTda, rac Tavdapirvelad imiT gamoxata, rom xelisufalT ~ar daa-

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neba saeklesio qonebis aRwera, radganac aRweras qonebis CamorTmeva mohyveboda~. xalxs gansakuTrebiT aRSfoTebda da aocebda rusebis mier aseulobiT eklesiis daxurva. amitom dasaxmareblad isev xelisuflebas mimarTa da aseTi werili gaugzavna: ~Cven didi xnis ganmavlobaSi bilwi agarianelebis xelSi viyaviT, bevri tanjva-wameba gadavitaneT, magram isini Cvens sasuliero saqmeebs ar Sexebian. Cven is xalxi varT, sarwmunoeba TiTqmis qristes jvarcmis droidan rom SevinarCuneT... Cvens mwuxarebas sazRvari ara aqvs, rodesac vxedavT, rogor xuraven Cvens wmida eklesiebs, rogor gvaSoreben Cveni sulis gadarCenaze mzrunvel RvTismoSiS mRvdelebs, rogor gvarTmeven saxalxo qonebiT Semkul jvrebs da xatebs da asxviseben saeklesio qonebas, romelic saukuneebis manZilze sisxliTaa SeZenili an Cveni uwindeli mefeebis mieraa saCuqrad gadmocemuli~ (eristov-ServaSiZe, qarTveli xalxis gaWirvebis Sesaxeb samaxsovro werili, gv. 48). amgvarma mimarTvebma xelisuflebaze ar imoqmeda, saeklesio aRwera gagrZelda, rasac mohyva jer ~vake~ imereTis, Sedmgom ki mTeli dasavleT saqarTvelos ajanyeba. 1818 wlis ivlisSi, saeklesio aRweris dawyebidan erTi Tvis Semdeg raWa, guria, samegrelo da imereTi fexze dadga. qristian ajanyebulebs ebrZoda ruseTis regularuli armia. mSobliuri eklesiis dasacavad aRmdgarma mojanyeebma wamoayenes lozungi ~samSoblos ganTavisufleba~, mosaxleobis yvela fena monawileobda brZolaSi artileriiT SeiaraRebuli polkebisa da batalionebis winaaRmdeg. imis gamo, rom imereTSi aRar imyofeboda taxtis memkvidre bagrationTa legitimuri STamomavali, ajanyebulebma mefed gamoacxades solomon II-is SviliSvili ivane abaSiZe. general-leitenantma veliaminovma gamoacxada, rom wyvetda saeklesio reformas, SeSinebuli egzarqosi Teofilaqte 300 jariskacisa da artileriis dacviT quTaisidan TbilisSi gagzavnes. ruseTis xelisufleba, cxadia, ver Seurigdeboda imereTSi Tavis damarcxebas. amitom agrZelebda zomebis miRebas, ramac 1819 wels kidev ufro gaafarTova ajanyeba. mTavrobam mojanyeTa winaaRmdeg gamoiyvana didZali jari. 1820 wels daapatimres mitropolitebi: dosiTeos quTaTeli da eqvTime gelaTeli, agreTve, sxva gavleniani pirebi, ramac kidev ufro gaaZliera ajanyeba, gansakuTrebiT guriasa da raWaSi, mas TanaugrZnobda guria-samegrelos mosaxleoba. dosiTeos quTaTeli (wereTeli) faqtiuri gamgebeli iyo dasavleT saqarTvelos sakaTalikososi 1792-1815 wlebSi. 1814 wlis 30 agvistos brZanebulebiT imereTis (afxazeTis, e.i. dasavleT saqarTvelos) sakaTalikoso saqarTvelos saegzarqosos daeqvemdebara, magram eklesiis faqtiuri, pirveli ierarqi gaxldaT dosiTeosi 1820 wlamde, e.i. mis dapatimrebamde (imereTis kaTalikosma 1783 wels datova saqarTvelo da ucxoeTSi gardaicvala, axali kaTalikosi ar aurCeviaT). dosiTeosi didad iRvwoda, raTa sakaTalikoso ekonomikurad aRorZinebuliyo. rogorc cnobilia, dapatimrebuli moxuci mitropoliti dosiTeosi tomaraSi Casves da ruseTisaken ase waiyvanes. igi tomaraSive cemiT mouklavT goris axlos. dakrZalulia ananuris taZarSi. eqvTime gelaTeli (ServaSiZe) mitropoliti (1776-1820) xelisuflebam daiWira, rogorc ajanyebis erT-erTi moTave. eqvTime adre jumaTeli episkoposi iyo. man aRadgina mravali partaxi adgili, daasaxla glexebiT, iRvwoda qveynis gasaerTianeblad. man CaaRwia ruseTamde da ruseTis imperators sajarod ewoda ~neroni~, saqarTvelos dapyrobisa da iq qristianebis amowyvetis gamo. xalxis azriT, mitropolitebi da saerTod episkoposebi xelSeuxebelni iyvnen da maT mahmadianebic ki pativs scemdnen. rusTa qmedebam guriasTan, imereTTan, raWasTan erTad aajanya samegrelos mosaxleobac. rusis jarma samkvdro-sasicocxlo brZolis Semdeg gaWirvebiT gaimarjva udidesi danakargebiT, moarbies da gadawves raWa, artileriiT miwasTan gaaswores Semoqmedis cixe guriaSi. soflebi gadawves, zogi mojanye CamoaxrCves, uamravi ruseTSi gadaasaxles, maTi qoneba xazinas gadasces. ermolovi werda: ~soflebi gavanadgureT da gadavbugeT, baR-venaxebi Zirebamde avCexeT, veRarasodes aRidgenen moRalateni pirvandel mdgomareobas~ (narkv. IV, gv. 936). raWaSi sofeli futieTi gelaTis monasters ekuTvnoda. eqvTime gelaTelis dapatimrebam, cxadia, aRaSfoTa sofeli da rusTa jars usastikesi brZola gaumarTa 1820 wlis 21 maiss. sarwmunoebisa da TavisuflebisaTvis ori aTasma qarTvelma dado Tavi. maT Soris iyvnen mebrZoli mRvdelebi, berebi da sasuliero pirebi. sabolood, ajanyebis CaxSobis Semdeg, saeklesio aRweris tempi Senelda da aTwleulobiT gagrZelda. qarTuli eklesiis gansaTavisufleblad Tavganwirul brZolas saqarTveloSi didi mxardaWera hqonda.

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eparqiaTa gauqmebiT gamowveuli mZime sarwmunoebrivi Sedegebi qarTul eklesias istoriulad aTeulobiT saepiskoposo anu eparqia hqonda aRmosavleT, dasavleT da samxreT saqarTveloSi. mesxeTis 14 saepiskoposo osmalma dampyroblebma mospes. samwuxarod, rogorc aRiniSna, musulmanTagan gadarCenili aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos saepiskoposoebis umetesi nawili rusTa xelisuflebam gaauqma. magram Sedegi maTTvis moulodneli aRmoCnda. rogorc Semdgom avtokefalistebi aRniSnavdnen, saepiskoposoTa mospobiT daeca qristianuli sarwmunoeba qarTvelTa Soris. saepiskoposos gauqmebiT qristianoba rom zaraldeba, SesaniSnavad icodnen qarTvelma sulierma mamebma. es kargad Cans XVIII s-is erTi sigelidan, romelic mcxeTidan saaTabagoSi gaugzavniaT: ~ra rom saaTabago sjulze midrka da episkoposni moiSalnen, mas aqeT Tqvens qveyanaSi episkoposi aRar Sesula da romel adgilSic episkoposi ar Seva da imisi madli da kurTxeva ar miva, an misi mamamTavari da moZRvari ar aswavlis da ar hmwysis, is qveyana da iq msaxlobelni qristianeni ar iqnebian da arc marTlmadideblobaSi aRiricxvian~ (qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, gv. 747). qarTl-kaxeT-imereT-guria-samegreloSi saepiskoposoebis gauqmebiT qristianebi moakldnen episkoposis mier gacemul saRmrTo madlsa da kurTxevas. garda amisa, ~25 samRvdelmTavro kaTedris daxurvam episkoposebs waarTva samRvdeloebaze zedamxedvelobisa da xelmZRvanelobis saSualeba~, meore mxriv darCenil eparqiebSic episkoposis xelisufleba rusis egzarqoss ise SeuzRudavs, rom episkoposs ar hqonda saSualeba samRvdeloebis realuri xelmZRvanelobisa. mRvdlebi am waqezebis gamo episkoposs aRar emorCilebodnen da amitomac mrevlzec nakleb zrunavdnen. saeklesio xelisuflebs surdaT, Tbilisidan, eparqiebis monawileobis gareSe, emarTaT mTeli eklesia, ramac savalalo Sedegi gamoiRo. qarTveloba sarwmunoebis gadasarCenad niadag iTxovda gauqmebuli eparqiebis aRdgenas, kerZod, urbnisis, alaverdis, bodbis da sxva gauqmebuli kaTedrebis aRdgenas. 1841 wels mimarTes egzarqos evgenis: ~guriaSi mRvdelmTavarTa kaTedris daxurvis Semdeg, religiurobam daqveiTeba iwyo, gurulebi, mcxovrebni mahmadianuri TurqeTis sazRvarze, saWiroebdnen mRvdelmTavris mier damoZRvras~. guriaSi kaTedra aRadgines, magram 1821 wels imereTis oTxi eparqiis gaerTianebiT Seiqmna mxolod erTi eparqia, 1829 wlidan samegrelos sami (Wyondidis, cageris da caiSis) eparqiis gaerTianebiT Seiqmna erTi - samegrelos eparqia. 1833 wels guriis erTaderTi jumaTis eparqia SeuerTes imereTis eparqias, aRadgines 1844 wels (centriT jumaTSi), Crdilo oseTi 1811 wlamde Sedioda wilknis saepiskoposoSi, 1870 wlidan SeuerTes mozdokis eparqias. 1875 wels Seiqmna vladikavkazis saepiskoposo, romelic 1885 wlamde Sedioda saqarTvelos saegzarqosoSi. saegzarqosos politika sabolood iwvevda mrevlis sarwmunoebriv indiferentizms, ukargavda qarTul eklesias erovnul saxes. xalxs gansakuTrebiT aSfoTebda qarTuli enis akrZalva eklesiebsa da saswavleblebSi. sasuliero seminariebi CvenSi XIX saukunemdec arsebobdnen, magram isini rusTa xelisuflebam gaauqma. Telavis seminariis ukanaskneli reqtori daviTi werda: ~mas Jamsa rusni movides da skola Seuracxyves da sadac saxeli RvTisa iqadageboda, hyves qvab avazakTa, xolo me pirad-piradni gansacdelni SemamTxvivnes da mravali boroti moawies Cem zeda~ (m. darCia, gaioz reqtori, gv. 19). XIX s-is manZilze daarsda mravali da maT Soris sasuliero (1817 wlidan) saswavlebeli, magram isini ukve ara qarTulenovani, aramed rusulenovani iyo. kaTalikospatriarq leonides TqmiT es iwvevda momaval samRvdeloTa gaunaTleblobas (enis ucodinarobis gamo sagnebs ver swavlobdnen): ~gaunaTlebel, Tumca ki seminariadamTavrebul qarTvel mRvdlebs ar SeeZloT gaenaTlebinaT TavianTi mrevli~. TandaTanobiT rusul seminariadamTavrebuli qarTveli axalgazrdebis nawili gauucxovda qarTuls, daewafnen rusul da evropul ideebs socializmisas, aTeizmisa da anarqizmisas. XIX s-Si ~daixura 15 monasteri da 800-ze meti eklesia. ruseTis xazinam qarTuli eklesiis 150 milioni maneTis Rirebulebis qoneba miiTvisa, saidanac jamagiris saxiT eklesias yovelwliurad Svidasi aTasi maneTi gamouyo, aqedan 150 aTasi maneTi rusul da berZnul eklesiebs xmardeboda~. (q. pavliaSvili. saqarTvelos saegzarqoso 1900-1917 wlebSi, 1995,gv. 23). n. durnovis azriT, xazinas qarTuli eklesiisaTvis CamourTmevia 323000 desetina miwa (n. durnovi, qarTuli eklesiis bedi, J. ~ganTiadi~, 1990, #10). es gadaangariSebiT Seadgens 460000 ha-mde miwas. eklesiebidan da monastrebidan daikarga saukuneTa manZilze nagrovebi uZvirfasesi qoneba, oqro-vercxliTa da Zvirfasi qvebiT Semkuli sasuliero nivTebi. aseTi viTarebis dros araa gasakviri qarTveli sasuliero pirebis aqtiuri monawileoba saqarTvelos gasaTavisufleblad mowyobil ajanyebebSi 1804, 1812 da sxva wlebSi.

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1832 wlis ajanyebis erT-erTi ideuri warmmarTveli iyo arqimandriti filadelfos kiknaZe, ~kaxeTis SeTqmulTa sazogadoebis organizatori da sulisCamdgmeli, romelmac religiur koncefciamde aiyvana SeTqmulebis saqme~ (g. Todua, XIX s. qarTuli sazogadoebriv-ekonomikuri azris istoriis sakiTxebi, 1983, gv. 69). mis mier Sedgenili ~aqti goniuri~ ajanyebis wesdeba iyo. rusuli gamoZieba ~aqti goniurs~ sagangebo mniSvnelobis, metad mavne daniSnulebis dokuments uwodebda. ~aqti goniuris~ SedgenaSi Tavis droze monawileoba miuRia sasuliero moRvawes iona xelaSvils (iqve, gv. 71). egzarqos pavle lebedevis (1882-1887) dros 1886 wels seminariidan garicxulma ioseb laRiaSvilma mokla seminariis reqtori dekanozi Cudecki. mis dasaflavebaze warmoTqmul sityvaSi, egzarqoss dauwyevlia mkvlelis ~warmomSobi xalxi~. aRSfoTebuli qarTvelebis azri gamoxata dimitri yifianma, romelmac mouwoda egzarqoss, Tu marTali iyo xalxSi gavrcelebuli xma, maSin ~SemCvenebeli ganidevnos SeCvenebuli qveynidano~. dimitri yifiani amisaTvis dasajes gadasaxlebiT, sadac 1887 wels mokles. avtokefaluri moZraobis dawyeba XIX s-Si, ruseTis imperiaSi saqarTvelos yofnis dros, ara Tu gaZlierda marTlmadidebloba, aramed piriqiT, ganelda qarTvelTa mxurvale sarwmunoeba. kerZo pirebis cnobebidan da oficialuri angariSebidanac ki Cans, rom qarTvelebi aRar dadiodnen eklesiebSi ise, rogorc Zvelad, naklebad ambobdnen aRsarebas, ar eziarebodnen, qveyana daadga zneobrivi gadagvarebis gzas, XIX s-is 80-iani wlebidan daiwyo eklesiebis Zarcva yaCaRTa jgufebis mier. yovelive amis mizezad miiCnies is, rom ruseTis wmida sinodma ver SeZlo qarTveli eris sarwmunoebrivi patronoba. gaCnda idea, rom mxolod erovnuli eklesiis aRdgeniT iqneboda SesaZlebeli mdgomareobis gamosworeba. eklesia daiyo or mebrZol frTad. erTni - avtokefaliis momxreni ambobdnen, rom ruseTis imperia saqarTveloSi egzarqosebad iseT pirebs niSnavda, romelTac gansakuTrebulad sZuldaT yovelive qarTuli, rom maT moSales kaTedrebi da daxures eklesia-monastrebi, qarTuli sasuliero da saero saswavleblebi, maT dros gaiZarcva asobiT eklesia, gaibna Zvirfasi arqeologiuri masala, rom es egzarqosebi Seuracxyofdnen da abuCad igdebdnen qarTul RvTismsaxurebas, galobas, xalxis zne-Cveulebebs, devnidnen mowinaaRmdegeebs, isini da maTi samRvdeloeba ar flobda xalxis enas (e.i. qarTuls), SemoiRes rusulenovani wirvalocva da sxva. meore jgufi mxars uWerda arsebul mdgomareobas. maTi azriT, XIX s-Si mowesrigda manamde eklesiaSi arsebuli qaosuri mdgomareoba, damyarda wesrigi, saRmvdeloebas mieca sarCo, xelfasi, pensiebi. gaTavisuflda mahmadianTa xelSi moqceuli mxareebi, sadac aRdga an ganmtkicda qristianoba, gaixsna uamravi sasuliero da saero saswavlebeli, aRdga da gamSvenda eklesiebi da monastrebi. mTis regionebSi aRorZinda da ganmtkicda Seryeuli marTlmadidebloba, moinaTla gamahmadianeba-gawarmarTebis piras misuli mTieli tomebi da sxva. unda aRiniSnos, rom TiTqmis erTi saukune qarTuli eklesia ruseTis imperiaSi arsebuli umZimesi viTarebis msxverpli iyo. kerZod, Tu XIX s-is damdegs qarTul eklesias Savi dRe adga kavkasiis mxares imperiis gafarToebis gamo, XX s-is damdegs ukve saSinlad iryeoda, rameTu wyali Seudga imperiis Zlierebas. aSkarad gamoikveTa niSnebi imperiis rRvevisa. kavkasia, romlis dapyrobasac ruseTma TiTqmis asi weli moandoma, Tavisuflebisaken miiltvoda. aseT dros miiCnies, rom imperiis gansamtkiceblad saWiro iyo imperiaSi ecxovra erT enaze molaparake, erTi sarwmunoebis mqone qveynis erTgul mosaxleobas. dRis wesrigSi dadga qarTvelebis ise, rogorc sxva xalxebis rusebTan asimilacia-Serwymis sakiTxi. gaZlierda qarTuli enis winaaRmdeg brZola saegzarqosos mxridan ~ruseTTan erT erovnebad Serwymis mizniT~, rac jer kidev XIX s-is bolodan daiwyo samegrelosa da svaneTSi saswavleblebsa da RvTismsaxurebaSi qarTuli enis akrZalviT. zogierTi rusi Sovinisti sasuliero piri, magaliTad, vostorgovi pirdapir acxadebda, imperiis interesebisaTvis saWiroa qarTvelebis garuseba eklesiis daxmarebiTo. aseT adamianebs TavgamodebiT ebrZoda wm. episkoposi gabriel qiqoZe, wm. episkoposi aleqsandre oqropiriZe, wm. kaTalikosebi- kirioni, wm. ambrosi xelaia da sxvani. Tavis mxriv, zemoT xsenebulma pirvelma jgufma, romelic qarTuli eklesiis Tavisuflebis aRdgenaze ocnebobda, Sesabamisad upasuxa mTavrobasTan daaxloebul Sovinistebs. es kargad Cans kaTalikos-patriarq kalistrates memuarebidan (~Cemi mogonebebi~). egzarqos pavles dros reqtor Cudeckis mkvlelobam daZaba urTierToba. ~qarTvelebi iyurebian borotad, yvela qarTveli unda daviTxovoT, Tu ar gvinda seminariis

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sruli demoralizacia~, - werda peterburgidan Camosuli revizori (k.p. kalistrates mogonebani, saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, 1987, #3, gv. 38). kaTalikos-patriarqi kalistrate wers, Cven seminariaSi swavlisas ukve vicodiT, rom egzarqosebis mizani iyo ~mrevlis garuseba~ (iqve, gv. 38). wmida ilia marTlisa da qarTveli mRvdelmTavrebis brZola avtokefaliis aRsadgenad axal, XX s-s saqarTvelos saegzarqoso imperiuli TvalsazrisiT ~welgamarTuli~ Sexvda: 1901 w. saqarTvelos saegzarqosos farglebSi moqmedebda 485 saeklesio samrevlo skola, sasuliero seminaria, saqarTvelos saegzarqosoSi, romelic aerTianebda 1.167.751 marTlmadidebels (aq naCvenebi mosaxleobis umetesoba saqarTveloSi cxovrobda), moqmedebda 34 monasteri (aqedan 5 qalTa), 24 sakrebulo taZari, 1629 samrevlo Statiani da 720 miwerili eklesia. sul saqarTvelos saegzarqosoSi iyo 2486 eklesia da monasteri, romlebSic saqmianobda 3954 umaRlesi da dabali wodebis sasuliero piri. rogorc vxedavT, cifrebi STambeWdavia, magram daikarga mTavari, risTvisac saerTod arsebobs eklesia. xalxSi ganelda sarwmunoeba, ufro metic, xalxma TiTqmis zurgi Seaqcia eklesias. is, rac aqamde xalxis sulieri yofis aucilebeli nawili iyo - eklesiuroba, axla ukve formalur mxared iqca. marTalia, XIX s-is damdegs, avtokefaliis gaqrobis dros, saqarTveloSi SeiZleba ar icodnen eklesia-monastrebis Tu samRvdelo pirebis zusti raodenoba, maTi Semosaval-gasavali, magram sasuliero wodeba Sesabamis simaRleze idga, movaleobis aRsruleba Rirsebisa da Tavdadebis sagani iyo, qarTveli kaci mzad iyo sicocxle da ojaxi daeTmo sarwmunoebisaTvis, mis dasacavad da Sesanaxad. erTi saukunis Semdeg sarwmunoebas mxolod formaluri, garegnuli daniSnuleba eniWeboda. formam Seiwira Sinaarsi. kidev ufro uaresi da sarwmunoebisaTvis damRupveli iyo is, rom ruseTis imperia cdilobda, marTlmadidebloba gamoeyenebina iaraRad qarTvelebis rus erSi asimilaciagaTqvefisaTvis. amiT miuteveblad scodavdnen. Tu qarTveli eri aTaswleulTa manZilze marTlmadideblobasa da qarTvelobas erT mniSvnelobas aniWebda, erovnebis SenarCuneba-dacvas swored marTlmadideblobiT axerxebda, axla ukve ruseTis imperiaSi cxovrebisas mdgomareoba mkveTrad Seicvala. qarTuli eklesiis mamebi da eris saukeTeso Svilebi mixvdnen, rom sarwmunoebis gadasarCenad saWiro iyo eklesiis ganSoreba rusuli imperiuli manqanisagan, saWiro iyo aRdgena Zveli saeklesio wyobisa - avtokefaliisa. avtokefaliis moTxovnis oficialurad warmoCenamde qarTulma mRvdelmTavrebma daisaxes ori mizani: 1. rogorme wm. sinodis saimperatoro karisa da piradad imperatorisaTvis miewodebinaT cnobebi qarTuli eklesiis Zveli didebisa da avtoritetis Sesaxeb; 2. rogorme saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria gaecnoT momavali TaobisaTvis. Cvenma ierarqiam isargebla 1901 wels gamarTuli didi zeimiT, romelic moewyo saqarTvelos ruseTTan ~SeerTebis~ 100 wlisTavis aRsaniSnavad, da wmida sinods miarTva Txovna: ~peterburgis Teologiis akademiaSi daarsdes qarTuli saeklesio istoriis damoukidebeli kaTedra, sadac Seiswavlian xelnawerebs, saeklesio arqiteqturul Zeglebsa da yvelafers, rac ki qarTul eklesias exeba. es naSromebi axali cnobebiT gaamdidreben Teologiur da saeklesio literaturas da naTels mohfenen msoflio marTlmadidebluri eklesiis jer kidev naklebad Seswavlil furclebs~ (m. TamaraSvili, dasax. naSr. gv. 449). 1905 wlis 11 oqtombers qarTvelma didebulebma kavkasiis mefisnacvals gadasces werilobiTi dokumenti, raTa mas imperatorisaTvis mierTmia. wmida ilia marTlis arqivSi daculi xelnaweris teqsti (xelnawerTa inst. i. i. WavW. fondi, saqme #202) nawilia mis mier warmoTqmuli moxsenebisa saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aucileblobis Sesaxeb. rogorc Cans, es sityva iliam waikiTxa voroncov-daSkovTan audienciisas. gazeT ~cnobis furcels~ gamouqveynebia imperatorisaTvis gadasacemi dokumentis nawili: ~Tqveno brwyinvalebav, 16 saukunea iveriis xalxi Tayvansa scems wmida jvars uflisas. bevri mZime gansacdeli da ubedureba gamoiara am xalxma sarwmunoebis gulisaTvis, mTeli saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi qarTveloba aRmosavleT qveynebis mpyrobelTa ulmobeli uRlis qveS kvnesoda, iTmenda sisastikes, magram iveriis eklesia mainc Seuryeveli da cxoveli iyo. Zlieri iyo suli da uZleveli Zala misi, damyarebuli - mwyemsTa da samwysoTa Soris mtkice erTobaze, didebulia da qebuli wamebulTa sisxliT morwyuli is gza, romelzedac Seudreklad mihyavda, amxnevebda, anugeSebda da uTiTebda qristianoba sazogadoebrivi da saxelmwifoebrivi cxovrebis miznisa da idealebisaken, magram gavida ukanaskneli 100 weli, rodesac qarTuli eklesiis bed-iRbals

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ganagebdnen rusis egzarqosebi da rasa vxedavT axla? sarwmunoeba moklulia qarTvelis xalxSi, indiferentizmma moicva yvela nawili mcxovrebTa, romelmac daibuda TviT morwmuneTa gulSiac. eklesiebi carielia did sauflo dResaswaulebSiac ki; eklesiebi TiTqmis yoveldRe iZarcvebian, rac warsul saukuneebSi ar naxula da ar gagonila. mrevli uars ucxadebs mRvdels da aRar uxdis arafers saeklesio saRmrTo wesis SesrulebisaTvis da zogierTs adgilebSi sruliadac uaryofs mas. saqarTvelos samRvdeloeba, ukidures mdgomareobaSia Cayenebuli, werilobiT Tu deputatebis piriT, saqarTvelos egzarqoss ucxadebs, rom SimSiliT sikvdili moelis da Tu mTavrobam ar uzrunvelyo igi, iZulebuli iqneba, uaryos mwyemsTmsaxureba da daubrundes eris kacobas da saeriskaco saqmiT gamonaxon TviT arsebobisaTvis saWiro sazrdo. erTi sityviT, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia amJamad saSinel sulTmobrZavis mdgomareobaSia. es xdeba maSin, rodesac kavkasiis sxva xalxs sarwmunoeba mtkiced aqvs daculi da samRvdeloebac uzrunvelyofili. ra aris mizezi saqarTvelos eklesiis ase dacemisa? ra aris mizezi sarwmunoebis ganqrobisa saqarTveloSi, im qarTvelebSi, romelzedac bizantiis SesaniSnavi istorikosi prokofi kesariisa ambobs: ~iverielni yvela xalxebze ukeT inaxaven wess qristianobriv sarwmunoebisas~. mizezi is aris, rom iveriis eklesias waerTva yovelive is, riTac cocxlobda, Zlieri iyo igi da riTac scocxlobdnen kavkasiis sxva erebis eklesiebi. Seswyda sicocxlis ZarRvi. ganhqra eklesiisa da mis meTaurebs Soris kavSiri, romelic mtkiced damyarebuli iyo STamomavlobisa, enisa, gadmocemaTa da sulier mSobliur erTobaze, waerTva TviTmmarTveloba, gauqmda saerovno wesi, romelic qvakuTxedi iyo organizaciisa, amJamad saqarTvelos eklesias aRar hyavs meTauri, aRar aqvs kanonieri avtokefalia. exlandeli meTaurni ucxoni arian iveriis eklesiisaTvis; ucxoni arian exlandelni mwyemsnic, aRzrdilebi xalxis winaaRmdeg mimarTulebaSi. eseni moklebulni arian niWs sityvierebisas mSobliur enaze da xalxis TvalSi warmoadgenen mxolod sasuliero uwyebis moxeleT. amgvar pirobebSi eklesia unda dacemuliyo da aki marTlac daeca. saqarTvelos marTlmadideblur eklesias saWiroa mieces Tavisufali sicocxle, daubrundes Zveli kanonieri marTva-gamgeoba, srulad daubrundes xalxis mier arCeuli kaTalikosi srulis uflebiTa da valdebulebiT. iveriis eklesiis gamosabruneblad sxva gza ar aris. eseTi reforma SesZlebs mxolod, Seasworos 100 wlis usamarTloba da amasTanave xels Seuwyobs saqarTvelosa da ruseTis politikuri erTobis ganmtkicebas, radgan es erToba ise Zlierad arafriT ar sustdeba, rogorc imiT, rom qarTveli xalxi moklebulia im did uflebas, romliTac savsebiT sargebloben mezobeli xalxebi. Tqveno brwyinvalebav! ganzraxuli avtonomia kavkasiis eklesiisa, mitropolitis meTaurobiT ver daakmayofilebs qarTvel ers, romelic gulmoklulad miegeba am ambavs da scno, rom am cvlilebiT moespoba saqarTvelos eklesias mravalsaukunovani arsebobis ukanaskneli kvali; ara, mxolod saWiroa aRdgenil iqnes saqarTveloSi sakaTalikoso uflebani da ai amitom Cven, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan Sekrebilni, wevrni saqarTvelos eklesiisani vTxovT Tqvens brwyinvalebas, aRmouCinoT Zlieri daxmareba am Suamdgomlobas, romelic aRZra amer-imereTis samRvdeloebam mis imperatorobiT udidebulesobisa da uwmindesi sinodis winaSe, rom aRdgenil iqnas iveriis eklesiis avtokefaluri uflebani, amorCeuli kaTalikosis meTaurobiT. Cven Rrmad gvwams, rom Tqveni avtoritetuli da samarTliani gamoqomageba Sewynarebuli iqneba xelmwife imperatoris mier da daubrundeba saqarTvelos eklesias avtokefalia, ise, rogorc mxolod Tqveni SuamdgomlobiTve daubrunda somexTa avtokefalur eklesias mamulebi da nacionaluri saeklesio samrevo skolebi. ganaxleba saqarTvelos avtokefaluri eklesiisa sxva reformebTan erTad, romelTac mouTmenlad moelis xalxi, Cven qveyanas waiyvans im mSvidobianobisaken~ (~cnobis furceli~, 1905 w., #2932). am dokumentis gadacemis win ilias warmouTqvams sityva, romlis teqstic mis pirad saarqivo fondSia daculi: ~Tqveno brwyinvalebav, ruseTis farglebSi yvela araruss (inorodecs) sarwmunoebrivi marTvis saqmeSi damoukidebloba aqvs. somxebi, musulmanebi, ebraelebi da a.S. TavianTi aRmsareblobis marTvelobaSi TavisTavadni arian. maT aqvT sakuTari sasuliero saswavleblebi, sadac swavla mSobliur enazea da yoveldRe mSobliuris swavlebas daTmobili aqvs farTo adgili. maT damoukideblad marTavs sakuTari samRvdeloeba. ucnauria, rom am sikeTes moklebulni arian mxolod marTlmadidebelni qarTvelebi, TiTqosda sasjelad maTi marTlmadideblobis gamo. martooden marTlmadidebeli qarTvelebis uuflebobam SeiZleba warmoSvas azri, rom ararusebisaTvis erovnuli gagebiT marTlmadideblur ruseTSi momgebiani araa marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis aRmsarebloba. saqmis aseTi viTareba SeiZleba aixsnas mxolod raRac gaugebrobiT, romelsac amdeni xania mxolod ziani moaqvs marTlmadideblobisaTvis.

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amgvari aragonivruli viTarebis Semdgomi SenarCuneba Cveni azriT miCneuli unda iqnes udides saxelmwifoebriv da religiur Secdomad. amitomac gansaxilvelad warmogidgenT Suamdgomlobas qarTuli eklesiisaTvis mis wiaRSi uZvelesi droidan arsebuli avtokefaliis dabrunebis Sesaxeb: vimedovnebT, rom amiT vasrulebT Cvens moqalaqeobriv valsa da vsasoebT, rom am TxovniT Tqveni brwyinvalebis mxardaWera daimsaxuros~. (~jvari vazisa~, 1987 w., #1, gv. 46). 1905 wels mefisnacvlisTvis moTxovnis wardgeniT ar dakmayofilda ilia, peterburgSi saqmis ganxilvamde Tavad sagangebod eaxla wmida sinodis oberprokurors a.d. obolenskis, romelsac vrclad ganumarta saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis arsi, rom am sakiTxis mougvarebloba momtani iyo mravali ubedurebisa (k.p. kalistrate, mogoneba iliaze, mnaTobi, 1985, #2). rogorc Cans, peterburgSi gamgzavrebamde ilia sagangebod emzadeboda sinodis oberprokurorTan Sesaxvedrad, iRrmavebda codnas qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb. amaze miuTiTebs ilias monawileoba 1905 wlis Tbilisis wm. nikolozis eklesiis saswavleblis SenobaSi qarTvel sasuliero pirTa mier gamarTul yrilobaSi, romelic mieZRvna qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxs. yrilobaze gamosuli oratorebi moiTxovdnen saqarTvelos eklesias avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg dabruneboda CamorTmeuli saeklesio miwebi (~jvari vazisa~, 1987, #1, gv. 46). voroncov-daSkovs iliasTan Sexvedrisas ar gamouTqvams survili avtokefaliis aRdgenisa, mxolod ganucxadebia: ~damarwmuneT, rom eg avtokefalia sasargeblo iqneba saqarTvelosaTvisac da ruseTisaTvisac da maSin dagiWerT mxarso~, Tanac yuradReba miupyria im sakiTxisTvisac, rom kanonikuri TvalsazrisiT erT saxelmwifoSi erTi eklesiis arsebobaa nebadarTuli. maSasadame, erT ruseTis imperiaSi ori avtokefaluri (saqarTvelosa da ruseTis) eklesiis arseboba Turme uxerxulobas Seqmnida. ilias Semdeg konsultaciebi miuRia am sakiTxze qarTvel sasuliero pirTagan. eqvTime TayaiSvili ase gadmogvcems im drois viTarebas: ~bolos da bolos gadavwyviteT, didi demonstracia mogvewyo da avtokefalia mogveTxova, Tan unda wagveRo bairaRebi da plakatebi warwerebiT: ~aRgvidgineT avtokefalia~ da sxva. wamoiWra sakiTxi: vin unda gaZRoloda win am araCveulebriv demonstracias? iliam gviTxra: ~Tu saWiroa, me wagiZRvebiTo!~ (iqve, gv. 46). avtokefaliis moTxovna, wamoyenebuli qarTveli mRvdelmTavrebis mier, namdvil saxalxo moZraobad iqca. yvelas amxnevebda ilias monawileoba masSi. wmida ilia marTlis binaze ikribeboda sazogadoeba avtokefaliaze samsjelod, am Sekrebebs eswreboda akaki da iakob gogebaSvili. ilia ufro Rrmad Caaxedes sakiTxebSi da is ukve momzadebuli gaemgzavra peterburgSi. al. cagarelTan erTad eaxla peterburgis mitropolit antons, ~orive qarTvelma xangrZlivad ebaases sinodis Tavmjdomares qarTvelTa eklesiis Tavisuflebaze. am vizitis Semdeg ilia ufro arkvevda saWiro masalebs, rasakvirvelia moxsenebisaTvis~ (eqvTime TayaiSvili, iqve, gv. 47). ruseTis mTavrobam marTlac ganixila qarTvelTa mier dayenebuli sakiTxi da gadasawyvetad miando ruseTis momaval saeklesio krebas. am krebis wina mosamzadebel TaTbirze 1906-1907 wlebSi iyo msjeloba am sakiTxzec. TaTbirSi monawileobdnen episkoposebi - kirion saZagliSvili, leonide oqropiriZe, profesorebi: aleqsandre cagareli, aleqsandre xaxanaSvili, niko mari. yvela maTganma sxdomebze waikiTxa moxseneba. didmniSvnelovani iyo prof. cagarlis, prof. al. xaxanaSvilis vrceli moxsenebebi. maTTan erTad qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalias icavda ori rusi mecnieri: peterburgis sasuliero akademiis profesori ivane sokolovi, moskovis sasuliero akademiis profesori zaozerski, magram TaTbiris monawileTa umetesobam sakiTxi saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb usafuZvlod aRiara. ufro aqtiurobdnen mtrebi qarTuli eklesiis TavisTavadobisa: prof. glubokovski, ostroumovi, episkoposi stefane, dekanozi vostorgovi, butkeviCi da sxvebi. (e. nikolaZe, saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria, quTaisi, 1918, gv. 217-219). 20 kacisagan Semdgarma sinodis komisiam ugulebelyo sakiTxi qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenisa. wm. sinodma dausjelad ar datova arc erTi sasuliero piri, vinc ki aRniSnul sakiTxs ayenebda. saqarTvelodan gaaZeva episkoposi kirioni. mas daabrales 1908 wlis 28 maiss saqarTvelos egzarqos nikonis mkvlelobaSi monawileobda, ramac ukiduresad aRaSfoTa morwmuneni. ilias mokvlisa da imperiaSi reaqciis gamarjvebis Semdeg qarTvelma avtokefalistebma gadawyvites TavianTi ideis xalxis gulamde mitana wignebis gamocemiT. am periodSi daibeWda mravali Sroma, miZRvnili qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliisadmi. pirveli msoflio omis bolo periodSi, imperiis politikuri ryevis dawyebisas moZraoba kvlav aRorZinda. samRvdeloebam mTeli simZafriT wamoayena avtokefaliis adgenis sakiTxi. 1904-1916 wlidan saqarTvelos sxvadasxva eparqiaSi mowveuli krebebi iRebdnen gadawyve-

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tilebebs TviTmwysobis aRdgenaze. eklesiis Tavisufleba miaCndaT sawindrad saqarTvelos momavali gaTavisuflebisa, ris imedsac I msoflio omSi ruseTis imperiis damarcxeba aRZravda. ruseTis sinodi iZulebuli gaxda, gaetarebina iseTi RonisZiebani, rac CaaxSobda avtokefalistTa moZraobas. amasTan dakavSirebiT ganixila sami RonisZieba: 1. kavkasiis samitropolitos daarseba (mas unda CaexSo saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalobis moTxovna), 2. soxumis eparqiis proeqti (mas saqarTvelos saegzarqososgan unda moewyvita afxazeTis regioni), 3. saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri kantoris daxurva (saqarTvelos avtokefaluri eklesia swored am kantoris bazaze unda warmoqmniliyo, misi gauqmebiT ki avtokefaliis moTxovnas safuZveli gamoecleboda). 1916 wels, marTlac daarsda ~kavkasiis samitropolito~, romlis Seqmnis sakiTxs sinodi aTi wlis winaTac ixilavda. saqarTvelos saegzarqosodan gamoiyo soxumis eparqia da saqarTvelos saegzarqosos ewoda kavkasiis samitropolito olqi. saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena ruseTis imperiaSi 1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg qarTvelma samRvdeloebam gadawyvita uswrafesad esargebla Seqmnili viTarebiT da gamoecxadebina avtokefaliis aRdgena. 1917 wlis 12 marts mcxeTaSi Seikriba aTiaTasobiT morwmune, swires mRvdelmTavrebma leonidem, giorgim, antonma da pirosim. aq iyvnen saqarTvelos eparqiaTa warmomadgenlebi, sagubernio da samazro marSlebi. sveticxovelSi wirvisas ~ganicadeze~ sityviT gamovida episkoposi leonide da gamoacxada saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaluri marTva-gamgeobis aRdgena. miuloca istoriuli dRe mTel qarTvel xalxs. wirvis damTavrebis Semdeg ~mravalJamieri~ ugalobes sinodis mier dasjil episkoposebs kirions da daviTs, arqimandrit ambrosi xelaias, gadasaxlebulT. ambionidan gamocxadda, rom: 1. 1917 wlis 12 martidan grZeldeba eklesiis avtokefalia, 2. droebiT kaTalikosis arCevamde eklesiis gamged iniSneba guria-odiSis episkoposi leonide, 3. eklesiis mmarTveloba evaleba aRmasrulebel komitets, romelSic Sedian sasuliero da saero pirebi. amave dRes iqve Sedga oqmi, imave, oRond ufro ganmartebiTi Sinaarsisa, romelsac daemata erTi muxli, rom es dadgenileba moxseneboda ruseTis axali mTavrobis Tavmjdomares, ministrTa sabWos, sinodis oberprokurors da Tbilisis kavkasiis komisariats. mas mRvdelmTavrebTan da sasuliero pirebTan erTad xeli moaweres Tavadaznaurebma da xalxma (gaz. ~saqarTvelo~, 1917, #59). gadawyda, qarTvel samRvdeloebas Seewyvita kavSiri yofil egzarqosTan da saegzarqososTan. saqarTvelos eparqiebidan Txovnebi da moxsenebebi gaegzavnaT leonidesTan da saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiT mmarTvelobasTan, ara rusul, aramed qarTul enaze Sedgeniliyo dokumentebi; wirvisas ruseTis sinodis nacvlad kaTolikosis mosaydre episkoposi leonide unda moexseniebinaT. meore dRes, 13 marts, episkoposma leonidem oficialurad ganucxada egzarqos platons, rom igi mcxeTis krebis dadgenilebiT gadayenebulia Tanamdebobidan da movalea eklesiis yoveli saqme da qoneba gadasces kaTalikosis mosaydres (e. nikolaZe, dasax. naSr.). 14 marts TbilisSi mowveulma krebam daadgina sionSi rusulis nacvlad RvTismsaxurebis qarTul enaze Catareba. amasobaSi ruseTis droebiTma mTavrobam ganixila 1917 wlis 12 martis aqti da daadgina ~mieces saqarTvelos eklesias avtokefalia ara teritoriuli, aramed erovnuli niSnis mixedviT. marTlmadidebeli rusebisa da araqarTvelebis eklesiebi darCnen ruseTis sinodis gamgeobis qveS. saqarTvevlos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRiareba sabolood, ekuTvnis ruseTis damfuZnebel krebas~ (gaz. ~saqarTvelo~, 1917, #63). 1917 wlis aprilSi ruseTis mTavrobam saeklesio sakiTxis Sesaswavlad saqarTveloSi gamoagzavna prof. beneSeviCi rusTa interesebis dasacavad. 1917 wlis 15 agvistos saqarTvelos eklesiis mmarTvelobam aRadgina Tbilisis samitropolito kaTedra. es udidesi movlena iyo, radgan rusi episkoposi Tbilisis mitropolitad acxadebda Tavis Tavs da cdilobda rusi mrevlis damwysvas. kaTedra Tavis xelSi aiRo episokposma leonidem. 23 agvistos qarTvelma samRvdeloebam daikava egzarqosis saxli. amasobaSi droebiTma mTavrobam daamtkica debuleba ~ruseTis saxelmwifoSi saqarTvelos eklesiis uflebrivi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb~. ruseTi cnobda saqarTvelos eklesiis teritoriul avtokefalias, aniWebda mas ruseTis eklesiis Tanabar iuridiul

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mdgomareobas, xazinidan aZlevda Sesanax Tanxebs. ase rom saqarTvelos saegzarqosos iuridiul memkvidred gamocxadda saqarTvelos eklesia (ix. gaz. ~saxalxo furceli~. 1917, #851). yofilma egzarqosma iCivla imJamad mimdinare sruliad ruseTis saeklesio krebaze da ganacxada, rom saqarTvelo CamoSorda marTlmadideblobas avtokefaliis aRdgeniT. maSasadame, mxolod droebiTi mTavrobis dadgenileba ar kmaroda eklesiis mdgomareobis gansamtkiceblad. amitom 1917 wlis 3-12 agvistos qarTveli samRvdeloebis sxdomebze gadawyda mowveuliyo saqarTvelos adgilobrivi damfuZnebeli saeklesio kreba, romelzec mTeli saqarTvelodan unda Sekrebiliyo delegatebi. 1917 wlis 8 seqtembers sionis taZarSi saqarTvelos I saeklesio krebaze Seikriba 600 delegati, aq iyvnen: Tbilisis mitropoliti leonide oqropiriZe, episoposebi - pirosi oqropiriZe, anton giorgaZe, giorgi aladaSvili, arqimandritebi, ber-monazvnebi, saeroni. episoposi kirioni krebis pirvel sxdomebs ar daswrebia. krebas Tavmjdomareobda leonide, prezidiumis wevrebi iyvnen giorgi Juruli, trifon jafariZe da spiridon kedia. krebam ganixila eklesiis sxvadasxva saSinao sakiTxi, maT Soris umTavresi iyo eparqiebisa da sakaTalikoso sabWos Seqmnis sakiTxi. 17 seqtembers dainiSna kaTalikos-patriarqis arCevnebi. kenWi uyares or kandidats - episkopos kirionsa da mitropolit leonides. arCevnebSi monawileobda 440 kaci. faruli kenWisyriT leonidem miiRo 230 xma, kirionma 241. 11 xmis upiratesobiT kaTalikosad gamocxadda kirioni. mas ugalobes ~aqsios~. imave dRes, saRamos, amoirCies episkoposebi: quTaTel mitropolitad anton giorgaZe, Wyondidel mitropolitad ambrosi xelaia, urbnel episkoposad daviT kaWaxiZe, alaverdis episkoposad pirosi oqropiriZe (gaz. ~saqarTvelo~, 1917, #205). kaTalikos-patriarqma kirionma ~gujariT~ mimarTa ~didebulsa da RvTivdacul iverias~, romelSic kerZod naTqvami iyo: ~ganmtkiceba axlad aRdgenil eklesiisa mis istoriul uflebebSi - ai, pirveli sazrunavi... dResac valad aZevs Cvens eklesias emsaxuros imave ideas da medgrad gaaxsenos kacobriobas saxeli qarTveli erisa. man xeli unda Seuwyos Cvens ganmtkiceba-gaerTianebas, raTa kacobriobis ferxulSi Cvenc vpovoT Sesaferi da damsaxurebuli adgili. ai, meore sazrunavi Cveni!~ (~jvari vazisa~, 1987, #1, gv. 10). kirionma epistoleebiT mimarTa ~aRmosavleTis patriarqebs~, romis paps, somexTa kaTalikos-patriarqs, amcno maT qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena. kaTalikos-patriarqis taxtze asvla kirions pirvelma miuloca Tbilelma mitropolitma leonidem: ~me miorkecdeba Zal-Rone, rom marto ara var da megulebiT Cveni eklesiis umaRles xelmZRvanelad. fics vdeb mTeli Cemi arsebiT dagexmaroT tvirTis zidvaSi, Cveni eklesiis saqmis gaZRolaSi~. (gaz. ~Cveni qveyana~, 1917, #130). mitropoliti leonide iyo erT-erTi udidesi Semoqmedi qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliisa kirionTan erTad, romlis Rvawli didad daafasa saeklesio krebam. kirionis moRvaweobis suraTi kargadaa gadmocemuli missave sityvaSi, romelic warmoTqva 1917 wlis 21 oqtombers Tedo Jordanias saflavze: ~eqvsi weli vswavlobdiT seminariaSi erTad da Semdeg akademiis damTavrebisa sxvadasxva asparezze mogvixda samsaxuri, Sen sayvarel samSobloSi, me ki ucxoeTSi, aqedan iwyeba Cveni moRvaweoba samSoblo eklesiis aRsadgenad. iseTi Zneli dro iyo maSin, rom avtokefaliaze mxolod CurCuliT laparaki SegveZlo. gamoCnda ruseTSi RvTisnieri da patiosani adamiani n.n. durnovi, romelic qadagebda uSiSrad Cveni eklesiis avtokefaliazed. Cvenc amovudeqiT mas mxarSi da SevudeqiT saqmes. aravis egona, rom durnovi rusi iyo. fiqrobdnen, rom Cemi gvari (saZagliSvili) rusulad gadavTargmne da me mawerdnen amis cxel-cxel statiebs. 32-33 weliwadi viRvaweT erTad da ai, veRirseniT imas, rasac mouTmenlad moelodnen Cveni winaparni... CamogZaxeb saflavSi: gixarodes, erTgulo muSako... Cveni didi xnis natvra asrulda, aRsdga kvlav saqarTvelo, auwye Cvens winaparT, rom vsunTqavT Tavisufal eklesiaSi...~ (episkopos kirionis fondi 11245). kirioni TavdadebiT Seudga eklesiis aRorZinebis saqmes. 1918 wlis 26 ianvars, wmida daviT aRmaSeneblis xsenebis dRes, akurTxa Tbilisis axlad daarsebuli universiteti, 1918 wlis 27 maiss Tavisuflebis moedanze paraklisis Semdeg sityviT mimarTa sazogadoebas, 1918 wlis 27 ivniss martyofis monasterSi, rezidenciaSi, kaTalikos-patriarqi kirioni tyviiT gangmiruli ixiles. maSin igi yofila 68 wlisa, damblisagan xeli hqonda gakavebuli. kirion II dakrZales 7 ivliss sionis taZarSi. saqarTvelos respublikis mTavroba socialistur mimarTulebas adga da amitom eklesiis mimarT gulgrilad iyo ganwyobili. ~menSevikebad~ saxeldebulma aTeisturi mrwamsis mqone xelisuflebam, romelsac msoflio demokratiis burjad warmoedgina

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Tavisi Tavi, ver SeZlo aReqva qarTuli eklesiis istoriuli damsaxureba da momavali mniSvneloba qarTveli eris winaSe. amitom qarTul eklesias gulgrilad ekideboda. saerTod, aRsaniSnavia, rom isini (menSevikebi) aTeuli wlebis manZilze politikur cxovrebaSi pirvel adgilze ayenebdnen ara qarTveli eris Tavisuflebasa da saxelmwifoebriobas, aramed Cagruli socialuri fenis - muSaTa klasis interesebs. mxolod xelsayrelma istoriulma viTarebam - I msoflio omSi ruseTis imperiis damarcxebam, rusuli armiis gasvlam amierkavkasiis frontebidan da osmaleTSi imJamad, 1918 w. gazafxulze gamarjvebul ucxo saxelmwifoTa kategoriulma moTxovnebma faqtiurad aiZula qarTveli socialistebi, gamoecxadebinaT ruseTisgan saqarTvelos damoukidebloba. cxadia, maTTvis erovnuli problemebi meore xarisxovani iyo (s. kakabaZe, ~qarTveli xalxis istoria~, 1997, gv. 249). yovelive es iwvevda kaTalikos-patriarq leonides (19181921) aRSfoTebas. menSevikebma politikuri ususurobis gamo ver gaiTvaliswines is safrTxe, romelic moeloda Tavisufal saqarTvelos ~socialisturi~ ruseTisagan, yuri ar daugdes kaTalikos-patriarq kirionis winaswarmetyvelebas ~mduRare ruseTidan~ mosalodneli safrTxis Sesaxeb. 1920 wlis 27 ivniss TbilisSi Sedga meore saeklesio kreba, gaarCies eklesiis saxelmwifosagan gamoyofis, sasuliero saswavleblebis saministrosadmi gadacemis, eklesiis biujetis, samRvdeloebis sayofacxovrebo da mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqiebis gaerTianebis sakiTxi. krebam kaTalikos-patriarqad daamtkica mitropoliti leonide (oqropiriZe). saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgena 1918 wlis 26 maiss da qarTuli eklesia 1918 wlis 28 maiss Sedga sakaTalikoso sabWos kreba, romelic gaimarTa saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenis aRsaniSnavad (ori dRiT adre 1918 wlis 26 maiss gamocxadda damoukidebloba). krebam daadgina Sesabamisi sazeimo RonisZiebebiT aReniSna es didmniSvnelovani faqti, romlisTvisac eklesia 117 weli iRvwoda 1801 wlidan, ruseTis mier saqarTvelos aneqsiis pirveli dRidanve. saeklesio ierarqiam gaiTvaliswina, rom saukunovani monobis uRlis qveS myofi xalxis mniSvnelovan nawils dakarguli hqonda erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi cnobiereba, mis aRsadgenad saWirod iqna miCneuli eklesiis saxeliT gamocemuliyo ~damoukidebeli saqarTvelos saxelmwifos mimarT morwmune moqalaqeTa ficis furceli~. igi aseTia: ~me, amis qvemore moxsenebuli aRvTqvam da vficav winaSe RvTisa da misisa wmidisa saxarebisa, rom msurs da valdebuli var saqarTvelos demokratiul respublikas erTgulad da gulwrfelad vemsaxuro, morCil viqmne da ara daviSuro sicocxle Cemi sisxlis ukanasknel wveTamde misis keTildReobisa da bednierebisaTvis, davicva am respublikis yoveli ufleba da upiratesoba, aw ukve dakanonebuli da amis Semdeg kanonad dadgenili, Cemis SeZlebisa da qonebisamebr xeli warvumarTo yovelsave, rac ki respublikas sargeblobas moutans, xolo yovelive ziani da vneba, romelic Cemda uwyebis iqneba, araTu drozed ganvacxado, aramed yovelis RonisZiebiTa CemiTa avarido, yoveli Cemda rwmunebuliTa da arca raime sargeblobis sixarbiTa ara vimoqmedo ra respublikis winaaRmdeg, maxsovs ra, rom ama ficisa darRvevisaTvis pasuxi unda vago winaSe kanonisa da RvTisa mis saSinelsa samsjavrosa Sina, dasarwmuneblad ama Cemis ficisa vemTxvevi sityvasa da jvars macxovrisa Cemisasa, amin~. saqarTvelos xelmeore okupacia ruseTis mier 1921 wlis 25 Tebervals da qarTuli eklesia 1921 wlis 21 Tebervals Sedga saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso sabWos sagangebo sxdoma, romelic mieZRvna saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis dakargvis safrTxes. qveyanaSi Tebervlis dasawyisSi SemoiWra ruseTis XI armia, romelic Tbilisisaken moiwevda. sxdomam miiRo mimarTva: a) eklesiebSi gadaxdil iqnes paraklisebi mtrisagan saqarTvelos gansaTavisufleblad; b) eklesiebSi winamZRvrebma ganumarton xalxs dRevandeli omis mniSvneloba; g) samrevlo sabWoebma gaiRon qonebrivi xarji omis saWiroebaTa dasakmayofileblad; d) samrevlo-sabWoebma miiRon zomebi taZrebis gaZlierebisa da siwmideTa dasacavad; d) Sekrebil iqnes nebayoflobiT Sewiruloba aRniSnuli saWiroebisaTvis; e) krebuli daexmaros jarSi gawveulTa ojaxebs. 22-23 Tebervals mTavrobam miiRo dadgenileba Tbilisis datovebis Sesaxeb. sakaTalikozo sabWom ki dadgenileba saeklesio ganZeulobis (Tbilisis, sveticxovlis eklesia-monastris xatebi da sxva siwmideebi) quTaisSi evakuaciis Sesaxeb. ganZis usafrTxoebaze pasuxismgebloba daekisra episkopos daviT kaWaxiZes da arqimandrit pavle jafari-

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Zes. 24 Tebervals Tbilisi datova uwmidesma leonidem da quTaisSi wavida. mTavrobam miiRo erTaderTi swori gadawyvetileba muzeumebSi Tavmoyrili saeklesio ganZeuli gaetana ucxoeTSi (saqarTveloSi darCenili siwmideebi bolSevikebma oqro-vercxlis zodebad Camoasxes, xolo maTTvis usargeblo siwmideebi gaanadgures). mTavroba emigraciaSi gaemgzavra 1921 wlis 11 marts, 13 marts kaTalikos-patriarqi TbilisSi dabrunda. imave wlis 11 ivniss igi gardaicvala, fiqroben, rom igi mowamles, meore azriT, igi rusis jaris mier Semotanilma Savi Wiris epidemiam imsxverpla. patriarqi 17 ivniss dakrZales sionSi. bolSevikuri ruseTis mier saqarTvelos aneqsiis Semdeg saxelmwifom gaatara sagangebo meToduri RonisZiebani, raTa saerTod moespo eklesia, magram ver gaiTvaliswina erTi ram, rom sal kldeze qristes mier dafuZnebul eklesias ~bWeni jojoxeTisani ver moerevian~. bolSevikebma, cxadia, eklesia sabolood gamoyves saxelmwifosagan, e.i. samRvdeloeba ulukmapurod datoves. 1921 wlis 1-5 seqtembers, leonides gardacvalebis Semdeg, gelaTSi Semdgarma mesame saeklesio krebam kaTalikos-patriarqad airCia ambrosi xelaia. bolSevikebma maleve daxures gelaTis eklesia. igi SemTxveviT gadaurCa maTgan dangrevas. ~komunistebad~ saxeldebuli bolSevikebi eweodnen xalxis umagaliTo eqspluatacias, mosaxleoba sabolood daumorCiles ssrk-ad saxeldebul ruseTis saxelmwifos. adamianTa interesebze maRla ayenebdnen saxelmwifos, romlis gaZliereba kvlav adamianTa dasamorCileblad esaWiroebodaT. bolSevikebis saboloo mizani iyo maT mier faqtiurad aRdgenil ruseTis imperiaSi Camoyalibebuliyo erTi rusuli enis mqone xalxi, erTi bolSevikur-komunisturi fsiqikis matarebeli. qarTveli eris aseTi mZime gasaWiris Jams, cxadia, eklesia, romelic wmida ilia marTlis TqmiT ~yovelTvis TavdadebiT patronobda Cvens ers~ (t. I, gv. 213), ganze ver dadgeboda, politikaSi Carevisagan Tavs ver Seikavebda. amitomac sakaTalikoso sabWos dasturiT patriarqma ambrosi xelaiam memorandumiT mimarTa mTeli msoflios mTavrobebs, kerZod ki ~genuis konferencias~. qarTuli eklesia aTeistebis batonobis dros dapatimreba, gadasaxleba, tanjva-wameba, sajaro abuCad agdeba da gausamarTleblad daxocva RvTismorwmune adamianebisa, gansakuTrebiT RvTismsaxurebisa. aseTi saxe hqonda komunist-bolSevikebis mier XX s-is 20-30-ian wlebSi qristianebisa da eklesiis devna-Seviwroebas. eklesiis ezoSi Seyril morwmuneebs, moxucebs, qalebsa da bavSvebs uginebdnen siwmideebs, romelTac isini mTeli cxovrebis manZilze sasoobdnen, amtvrevdnen wmida xatebsa da jvrebs, bilwavdnen wmidaTawmida sakurTxevlebs. wverebiT aTrevdnen moxuc mRvdlebs, gumbaTebidan da samrekloebidan yridnen jvrebsa da zarebs, Zarcvavdnen da aCanagebdnen saukuneTa manZilze nagroveb sasuliero ganZs. xorcieldeboda sastiki da gaugonari qmedebani, dioda udanaSaulo adamianTa sisxli, sagangebod da mizanmimarTulad fexqveS iTeleboda sarwmunoebrivi grZnoba RvTis mosiyvarule adamianebisa, magram vinaidan qristianoba saqarTveloSi iyo ara mxolod religiuri mimarTuleba, aramed erovnuli sarwmunoeba, bolSevik-komunistebi masTan erTad qarTveli xalxis erovnul grZnobebsac bilwavdnen. magaliTad, WeSmaritad xalxis moZule komunistebma ikadres da gaxsnes argveTis wmida mTavrebis, saqarTvelosTvis Tavdadebuli wmida daviTisa da wmida konstantines uxrwneli neStebi, romelTa saswaulebriv Zalas xalxi Tayvans scemda arabTa Semdgom VIII saukunidan vidre XX saukunemde, daSales wmida neStebi, calkeul Zvlebs TokebiT aTrevdnen xalxis win, im xalxisa, romelic am dros tiroda da godebda. es aqti miuTiTebs, rom saqarTvelos arc erTi mteri arabebis Semdgom ar iyo qarTveli xalxisaTvis ufro saSiSi da veragi, rogorebic iyvnen bolSevikebi. verc Turq-seljukebma, manamde verc monRolebma, verc osmal-sparselebma ver SeZles qarTveli xalxisaTvis SeeginebinaT wmida daviTis, wmida konstantines, wmida Sios da sxva wmidanebis nawilebi. bolSevikebi angrevdnen eklesiebs, RvTismsaxurebs awamebdnen, rogorc fizikurad, ise sulierad. xalxis win aiZulebdnen, uareyoT wmida sarwmunoeba. moZRvarTa beds morwmuneebic iziarebdnen imiT, rom komkavSirlebi abuCad igdebdnen maT grZnobebs e.w. ~komkavSiruli SobiT~, ~komkavSiruli aRdgomiT~, ~samoqalaqo qorwinebiTa da naTlobiT~. saqarTvelos eklesiebSi im dros XX s-is 20-iani wlebis damdegs didZali qoneba, saeklesio ganZi iyo daculi. magaliTad XIX s-is bolos gabriel episokposis erTi ucxoeli stumari gaaoca imereTis eklesiebSi daculma masiuri oqrosagan damzadebulma saeklesio nivTebma. aseTive nivTebi iyo saqarTvelos sxva raionebSic. es ganZi axla ukve komunist-bolSevikebis guls axarebda. eklesia-monastrebi dangreva-daxurvis win

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saguldagulod iZarcveboda. ganZis mcireodeni nawili muzeumebs gadaeca, xolo udidesi ~araistoriuli mniSvnelobis~ ganZi - adgilobriv xelisuflebas ~kulturulsaganmanaTleblo saqmianobisaTvis~. sinamdvileSi, cxadia, eklesiis mier saukuneTa manZilze nagrovebi oqro-vercxli da Zvirfasi qvebi daitaces. XX s-is 20-ian wlebSi daxures aTasze meti eklesia, gaauqmes RvTismsaxureba. zogierTi cnobiT am dromde saqarTveloSi yofila 1350 eklesia, 1700 mRvdeli, 1527 beri, 280 monazoni; erT-or weliwadSi, 1924 wlamde, maTi raodenoba aTeulobiT Semcirda. swored am ngreva-ganadgurebis dros sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqma wmida ambrosi xelaiam, WeSmaritad Tavi da suli dado qarTveli erisaTvis, genuis konferencias gaugzavna mimarTva, romliTac msoflios amcno qarTveli eris ubedurebis ambavi. 1922 wlis april-maisSi genuaSi Catarda saerTaSoriso konferencia, romelSic monawileobda 29 saxelmwifo. ruseTs surda gasvla saerTaSoriso izolaciidan. amitom cdilobda, rogorme kargi saxiT warmdgariyo forumze. am dros misTvis didi mniSvneloba hqonda msoflios saxelmwifoTa mxridan keTilganwyobas, cdilobda, mieCqmala is ubedurebani, rac misma mtaceblobam moutana patara erebs 1917-1921 wlebSi. wmida ambrosim genuis konferenciis yuradReba miapyro ara eklesiis, aramed qarTveli eris umZimes xvedrs, romelSic igi Cavarda 1921 wlis Semdeg - ~...Cemi samSoblo 117 weli ruseTis biurokratiisagan ganicdida mxolod mwvave despotizms da autanel Seviwroebas, amitom 1917 w. dairRva Tu ara ruseTis imperiis xelovnuri mTlianoba, qarTvelma erma gamoacxada damoukidebloba... rasakvirvelia, amas ver Seurigdeboda misi yofili batoni, mcire erTa mCagvreli ruseTi. man dasZra saqarTvelos sazRvrebisaken saokupacio armia da 1921 wlis 25 Tebervals patara usworo brZolaSi sisxlisagan daclil saqarTvelos xelmeored daadga kiserze iseTi mZime da samarcxvino monobis uReli, romlis msgavsi mas ar ganucdia mraval saukuneTa istoriaSi. okupantebi, marTalia, lamoben Sin da gareT yvelani daarwmunon rom maT gaaTavisufles da gaabednieres qarTvelebi, magram ramdenad bednierad grZnobs Tavs qarTveli eri, es yvelaze ukeT vuwyi me, misma sulierma mamam da dResdReobiT erTma namdvilma moZRvarma, romlis xelSia am eris gulidan gamomavali idumali Zafebi da romelsac uSualod esmis misi kvnesa da vaeba. Tamamad da gauzviadeblad vambob, rom is yovlad Seuferebeli eqsperimentebi, romelTac am ukanasknel wlebSi axdenen qarTveli eris zurgze, aucileblad miiyvans mas fizikurad gadaSenebisa da sulierad gavelurebis da gaxrwnis karamde. ers arTmeven mama-papaTa sisxliT da ZvlebiT gapoxierebul miwa-wyals, romelsac ucxoeTidan SemoxiznulT urigeben, maTi wyalobiT, isedac gaRatakebul ers piridan hglejen misis sisxliTa da ofliT morwyul sarCos da gaugebaris siCqariT imave ucxoeTSi miezidebian. ers ugmoben da arTmeven mSobliur enas, mas ubilwaven mamapapur erovnul kulturas, dasasrul mas ubRalaven wmidaTa-wmidas - sarwmunoebriv grZnobas da sindisis Tavisuflebis droSis qveS ar aZleven saSualebas Tavisuflad daikmayofilos religiuri moTxovnileba. misi samRvdeloeba ukiduresad devnilia. misi eklesia, es ZvelisZvelaTve faqtori saqarTvelos erovnul saxelmwifoebrivi amaRlebisa da Zlierebisa, dRes uflebaayrilia imdenad, rom nebac ki ara aqvs Tavisi SromiT, garjilobiT da unariT moipovos mudmivi saxsari arsebobisa. erTi sityviT, eri kvnesis, eri gminavs, magram saSualeba ki ara aqvs xmis amoRebisa. am pirobebSi Cems mwyemsmTavrul movaleobad vracx, kulturuli kacobriobis gasagonad vsTqva: 1. dauyovnebliv gayvanil iqnes saqarTvelodan ruseTis saokupacio jari da uzrunvelyofil iqnes misi miwa-wyali ucxoelTa TareSisa da mZlavroba-mitacebisagan. 2. saSualeba mieces qarTvel ers TviTon, sxvaTa Zaldautaneblad da ukarnaxod moawyos iseTi formebi social-politikuri cxovrebisa, rogoric mis fsiqikas, suliskveTebas, zne-Cveulebebs da erovnul kulturas Seesabameba. sruli imedi maqvs, rom maRal pativcemuli konferencia ar ugulebelyofs patara saqarTvelos elementarul moTxovnebs, dRes Cemi piriT warmoTqmuls da daixsnis mas Zalmomreobisa da samarcxvino monobis klanWebidan...~ ruseTis mTavroba didad gaanawyena konferenciisadmi saqarTvelos patriarqis mimarTvam. amitomac wm. ambrosi xelaia da misi axlo TanamSromlebi, quTaisis mitropoliti wmida nazari leJava, arqimandriti pavle jafariZe, qaSueTis eklesiis dekanozi kalistrate cincaZe, diakvani dimitri (lazariSvili) da sxvebi, sakaTalikoso sabWos wevri i. kiknaZe, moqalaqeni - n. arjevaniZe da n. TavdgiriZe daapatimres. Semdgom mouwyves gasamarTleba. gamoZiebis procesSi cdilobdnen, wmida patriarqis sulier gatexas.

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cdilobdnen, patriarqs uareyo mis mier genuis konferenciisadmi wayenebuli moTxovnebi, mianiSnebdnen, ise warmoedgina saqme, TiTqosda igi msxverpli iyo raRac SeTqmulebisa da sxva pirebma aiZules, xeli moewera mimarTvaze. wm. ambrosim mtkiced da erTmniSvnelovnad aRiara, rom mimarTvis yoveli sityva mis mier iyo dawerili da mxolod igi iyo pasuxismgebeli, rom araviTar gavlenas da Zaldatanebas mimarTvis Sedgenis dros igi ar ganicdida. yovelive es wm. ambrosim daadastura sasamarTlozec Tavisi vrceli saboloo sityviT. am sasamarTloze faqtiurad bralmdeblad gamovida arsebuli saokupacio wyobilebisa. sityvis umTavresi nawili dauTmo qarTveli eris dacvas, kerZod ganacxada, rom TiToeul ers Tavisi saqmeebis mowyobis ufleba unda hqondes. ~marTva-gamgeoba damyarebuli unda iyos xalxis neba-survilze da TviTgamorkvevaze~, rom saqarTvelos Tavisuflebis mowinaaRmdegeni qarTveli komunistebi Tu ar arian, maT unda mieceT saqarTvelos respublikis suverenuli marTvis saSualeba (e.i. saqarTvelo ar imarTebodes moskovidan), saqarTvelos jari unda iyos ~usaTuod erovnuli~. wm. ambrosim sasamarTlos moagona, rom saukeTeso mRvdelmTavrebi ereodnen saqveyno politikis saqmeSi. ~maSin, rodesac vxedavT usamarTlobas, gareSe Zalebis moZaleobas, xalxis Seviwroebas, erisaTvis saziano Secdomebs, sazogadod unda vitvirToT xalxis samsaxuri, misi interesebis dacva da misi mwuxarebis sagani vamcnoT qveyanas. yvela amas qristianuli moZRvreba ar gvikrZalavs. qristes ebraleboda eri, mas emsaxureboda da masze zrunavda, ambobda xSirad ~mewyalis eri eseo~ (mark. 8, 2) ~nu daidumebT erisTvisao~, - gveubneba Cveni moZRvreba da amis aRsrulebas piradad misdevda samRvdeloeba, gadaaTvaliereT istoria da Tqven iq dainaxavT amis auarebel magaliTs, moigoneT basili didi, grigol RvTismetyveli, ioane oqropiri da maTi gamosarCleba xalxis keTildReobisaTvis... moigoneT ambrosi mediolaneli, romelmac mrisxane imperatori Teodosi ar SeuSva eklesiaSi... gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia rusebis dasavleT saqarTveloSi damkvidrebis xana mecxramete saukunis dasawyisSi. am dros eklesiis da eris Tavisuflebis damcvelad gamodian quTaTeli da gelaTeli da xalxis ajanyebas saTaveSi udgebian. orive gaagzavnes ruseTisaken, magram mxolod gelaTelma eqvTimem CaaRwia novRorodSi, sadac is unda daebinavebinaT. imperatorma aleqsandre pirvelma moisurva misi naxva, peterburgSi imperatorma didi zeimiT da pativiT miiRo, magram ar moerida emxilebina saqarTvelos eklesiisa da eris Tavisuflebis warTmevisaTvis da samSoblos damcvelebis wamebisaTvis. mas uwoda axali neroni. es iyo mizezi, rom is gaagzavnes aleqsandre sviris monasterSi olneckis guberniaSi, sadac ganisvena da dasaflavebulia~. wm. ambrosim brZana, rom eklesias, ufleba aqvs ganacxados erovnuli Tavisuflebis Sesaxebac, radganac ~RvTis msgavseba aRbeWdilia mis sulier TvisebebSi, romelTa Soris umTavresi Tvisebaa Tavisufleba. pavle mociquli gveubneba, rom Cven wodebuli varT TavisuflebisaTvis, qristem mogvaniWa es Tavisufleba da mtkiced unda SevinaxoT igi~. wm. ambrosis sityvis didi nawili mieZRvna qarTuli enis dacvas, radganac im dros usastikesad idevneboda qarTuli ena da yofa-cxovrebaSi mtkiced inergeboda rusuli ena. isaubra imis Sesaxebac, rom saqarTvelo dayves avtonomiebad. ganacxada: ~ra saWiro iyo oseTis da aWaris respublikebis daarseba!~ ufro adre genuis konferencias miwera, rom saqarTvelos CamoarTves qarTveli xalxis sisxliT da ofliT morwyuli provinciebi. gulisxmobda saingilos, lore-axtalasa da sxva kuTxeebs. ruseTis mTavroba da adgilobrivi xelisufleba sajarod amtkicebda, TiTqosda saqarTvelo damoukidebeli saxelmwifo iyo. sapirispirod wmida ambrosim sasamarTloze ganacxada, rom saqarTvelos sinamdvileSi aqvs mxolod kulturuli avtonomia, isic uaRresad SezRuduli. politikurad ki okupirebuli qveyanaa. ramdenjerme Tavis sityvaSi moiTxova ruseTis jaris gayvana saqarTvelodan. brZana, rom ~saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs erovnuli Tavisufleba~ da arsebobs ~saSiSroeba qarTveli eris erovnulad ganadgurebisa~. wmida ambrosi Tavis sityvaSi, cxadia, Seexo qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxsac. ganacxada, rom wiTeli ruseTis imperiis arc erT kuTxeSi eklesia ise sastikad ar idevneboda, rogorc saqarTveloSi. - ~ruseTis eklesia gacilebiT ufro karg pirobebSia, vidre saqarTvelosi~, ~arc somxebis respublikaSi daketila aramc Tu imdeni eklesiebi, ramdenic saqarTveloSi, aramed misi mesamedic~, azerbaijanSi devna ar yofila, amitom musulmanTa mimarT Tqva: ~bednieri musulmani morwmuneebi, maTSi ar yofila devna sarwmunoebisa~. wm. ambrosim brZana, rom ruseTis centralur mTavrobas surs eklesiis Tavis mmarTvelobaSi moqceva, amitomac asustebs arsebul oficialur eklesias da mis nacvlad mxars uWers opoziciurad ganwyobil e.w. ~cxovel eklesias~. moskovs surs, sa-

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qarTveloSi Seqmnas ~cxoveli eklesia~, romelsac Semdeg uSualod daumorCilebs ruseTis ~cxovel eklesias~, e.i. cdilobs, mospos qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia. ar devnis da ar apatimrebs saqarTvelos ~cxoveli eklesiis~ wevrebs. es ukanasknelni TiTqosda apirebdnen cocxali, saxalxo, xalxTan axlos mdgomi eklesiis Seqmnas da opoziciaSi edgnen sakaTalikoso sabWosa da saqarTvelos eklesias. ~me Sevasrule Cemi movaleoba... CemTvis tkbili iqneba is sasjeli, romelsac momisjis uzenaesi sasamarTlo mSobliur eklesiis da eris Tavisuflebis dacvis mizniT xmis amoRebisaTvis~, - ase daasrula wm. ambrosim Tavisi sityva (Jurnali ~mnaTobi~, 1988, #10). wm. ambrosis sasamarTloze sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-60 muxli Seufardes, romelic umaRles sasjels - daxvretas iTvaliswinebda, magram daxvreta moxucebulobis gamo 7 wlis patimrobiT Seucvales. gadmocemiT, man ase mimarTa marTlmsajulebas: ~suli Cemi ekuTvnis RmerTs, guli - saqarTvelos, gvams ki rac gnebavT, is uyaviT~. mZimed daavadebul patriarqs bolos sasjelis vada Seumcires. igi gardaicvala 1927 w. 28 marts, 66 wlisa. dakrZalulia sionis taZarSi. qarTulma eklesiam 1995 w. wmidanad Seracxa igi da ambrosi aRmsarebeli uwoda. rogorc Tavis sityvaSi Tqva, wm. ambrosim ~37 wlis samsaxuri moandoma garusebis politikasTan brZolas~, risTvisac orjer gadaasaxles ruseTSi (1905-07 ww.). CamorTmeuli hqonda RvTismsaxurebis ufleba, ar hqonda neba samSobloSi dabrunebisa, vidre 1917 wlamde. eklesiis istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovania is, rom igi berad aRkvecisa da yazanis sasuliero akademiis damTavrebis Semdeg dainiSna WeliSis monastris arqimandritad, sadac aRmoaCina ~moqcevai qarTlisai~. devnil saqarTvelos eklesias araTu mxars uWerda msoflio eklesiis centrebi, aramed arc ki miiwvies misi warmomadgenlebi 1926 wels daniSnul merve msoflio saeklesio krebaze, romelic ver Sedga. mizezi is iyo, rom marTlmadidebluri sapatriarqoebi da maT Soris, ruseTisac, im dros ar cnobdnen saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalias da kvlav miiCnevdnen mas rusuli eklesiis nawilad. amis gamo sakaTalikoso sabWom 1926 wels mimarTa konstantinopolis yovladuwmides patriarqs epistoleTi. misi teqsti Seudgenia mitropolit kalistrate cincaZes. aseT dros, roca eklesias devnidnen, mis damoukideblobas ar cnobdnen ucxoeTSi da TviT eklesiis SigniT samRvdeloebasa da mRvdelmTavarTa Soris winaaRmdegoba arsebobda, saWiro iyo erTgvari daTmobebi, iseTi piris gamoZebna eklesiis meTaurad, romelsac garkveuli mxardaWera eqneboda. 1927 wlis 21-27 ivniss IV saeklesio krebam saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqad airCia mitropoliti qristefore cicqiSvili. miiCneva, rom aqedan iwyeba xelisuflebasTan qarTuli eklesiis urTierTobis mogvareba. Tavis mxriv eklesiac garkveul daTmobebze wasula, kerZod 1927 wlis saeklesio krebam aRiara saxelmwifosagan eklesiis da eklesisagan skolis gamoyofis principi, saqarTvelos sabWoTa respublikis konstituciis Sesabamisi muxlebis Sesabamisad (sinodis uwyebaTa krebuli, 1927). wm. ambrosi xelaia Tavis memkvidred sakaTalikoso taxtze aRiarebda mitropolit kalistrate cincaZes, romelic mosaydredac daniSna, magram kalistrates eklesiaSi mis winaaRmdeg warmoqmnili ganwyobilebis gamo mizanSewonilad miuCnevia mosaydris taxtidan gadadgoma da xeli ar SeuSlia axali patriarqis aRzevebisaTvis. qristefore cicqiSvilis gardacvalebis Semdeg ki VI saeklesio krebam 1932 wels saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqad airCia mitropoliti kalistrate, romelic 20 xangrZlivi weliwadi edga saTaveSi qarTul eklesias (1952 wlamde). sabWoTa xelisuflebis dros qarTuli eklesiis xvedrs da yofas gansazRvravda sabWoTa mTavrobis damokidebuleba sazogadod eklesiis mimarT. SeiZleba es periodi sam etapad davyoT, 1943 wlamde eklesiis devna-Seviwroeba Zveleburad grZeldeboda, germaniasTan omis dros sabWoTa mTavrobam mowyalebis TvaliT gadmoxeda eklesias, aRiara ruseTis eklesiis TavisTavadoba, misca patriarqis arCevis neba (manamde ar aZlevda uflebas ruseTis saeklesio krebis mowvevisa, romelsac patriarqi unda aerCia). amis Semdgom stalinis sicocxleSi rusuli eklesiis mdgomareoba mkveTrad gaumjobesda, gaixsna eklesiebi, daarsda sasuliero seminariebi da akademiebi. rusuli eklesia msoflio marTlmadideblur eklesiaTa ojaxSi kvlav gadaiqca uZlieres da umdidres eklesiad, romelmac Tavisi eparqiebi aRidgina dedamiwis udides nawilze. mis iurisdiqciaSi im dros Sedioda Crdilo amerikis marTlmadidebelTa didi nawili, aseve evropaSi fineTis, poloneTis, Cexoslovakiisa da sxva saeklesio erTeulebi, romelTac Semdgom moskovis sapatriarqom, viTarca dedaeklesiam, avtokefalia mianiWa. 1943 wels ruseTis eklesiam cno saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia, aRiara misi meTauris sapatriarqo Rirseba da VI adgili msoflio marTlmadideblur diptiqSi.

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qarTulma eklesiam SedarebiT gaiumjobesa am dros Tavisi mdgomareoba. kaTalikospatriarqi kalistrate aqtiurad monawileobda rogorc qveynis Tavdacvis, ise omis Semdgom mSvidobis SesanarCuneblad warmarTul saqmianobaSi. mas piradi werilobiTi urTierToba hqonda stalinTan, romelic saqarTvelos patriarqs pativs scemda. am dros kaTalikos-patriarq kalistrates mieca saSualeba aeSenebina sapatriarqo rezidencia, rac udidesi movlena iyo eklesiis gaugonari devnis Semdeg. kalistrate iyo didi mecnieri da sazogado moRvawe, eri da sazogadoeba mas did pativs scemda. kaTalikospatriarqis ambrosis sityviT kalistrate iyo dRidan sakaTalikoso sabWos gaxsnisa misi mudmivi, samive krebis mier arCeuli wevri da umTavresi pasuxismgebeli muSaki (saRvTismetyv. kreb. 1984, #3, gv. 213). garadicvala 1952 wlis 3 Tebervals. stalinis gardacvalebis Semdeg eklesiis mdgomareoba kvlav gauaresda, gansakuTrebiT n. xruSCovis dros. rusul eklesias dauxures zogierTi seminaria-akademia. miT umetes saSinlad devnidnen qarTul eklesias. kaTalikos-patriarq melqisedekis Semdeg (gardaicvala 1960 w. 10.I), romelic mkacr da Zlier pirovnebadaa aRiarebuli, airCies axali kaTalikos-patriarqi efrem II, visac sastikad dauwyes Seviwroeba. efrem II-m daamTavra Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, miniWebuli hqonda RvTismetyvelebis doqtoris wodeba. 1944 wlidan iyo quTaisis mitropoliti, 1960 wlidan baTumisa. swored misi dro unda miviCnioT stalinis Semdgomi eklesiisadmi ~acivebis~ xanad. rogorc cnobilia, n. xruSCovis dros gatarebuli e.w. ~demokratiuli daTboba~ ar Seexo eklesias. am dros, iseve rogorc Semdgom, marTalia, xelisufleba saeklesio Senobebs TiTqosda aRar angrevda, magram sagangebo saxelmwifo organoebi saxels utexdnen saukeTeso sasuliero moRvaweebs, maT winaaRmdeg aqezebdnen zogierT samRvdelo pirs. saSineli devnis miuxedavad efrem II-m pirvelad, aTeulobiT wlebis Semdeg, gamosca ~axali aRTqma~. q. mcxeTaSi daaarsa sasuliero seminaria - ~saRvTismetyvelo kursebi~. rogorc iTqva, es iyo dro, roca ruseTSi zogierTi seminaria daxures. eklesiis zneobrivi devna saqarTveloSi grZeldeboda kaTalikos-patriarq daviT V-is, agreTve kaTalikos-patriarq ilia II-is zeobis pirvel xanebSi, vidre 1985 wlamde, roca moskovis mTavrobam (~politbiurom~) kvlav Semwynarebeli TvaliT gadmoxeda eklesias. manamde, rogorc iTqva, saxelmwifo sagangebo gasaidumloebuli organoebi eklesiis saukeTeso moRvaweebis avtoritets amcirebdnen sazogadoebaze zemoqmedebis sxvadasxva saSualebebiT, kerZod ki ciliswamebiT; ar aZlevdnen eklesias imis nebas, rom ekonomikuri mdgomareoba gaeumjobesebina, yovelnairad xels uSlidnen morwmuneebs, rom eklesiebis gaxsna-amoqmedeba moeTxovaT. kanonis mixedviT, romelsac, cxadia, xelisufleba ar icavda, eklesiis gaxsnis ufleba hqonda 20-kacian morwmuneTa jgufs. sinamdvileSi aseTi gancxadebis daweris Semdeg aRmaskomebSi ibarebdnen xelismomwerlebs, aSinebdnen samsaxuridan moxsniT. magaliTad, safaraSi, romelic im dros, cxadia, gauqmebuli iyo, eklesiis gaxsna moiTxova iqve axlos myofi soflidan andriawmidis mosaxleebma. mowme var imisa, rom gancxadebis miRebis Semdeg axalcixis aRmaskomis imJamindeli Tavmjdomare da miliciis ufrosi avidnen axalgazrdebisagan daclil am sofelSi, daibares xelismomwerlebi (moxucebi) da cimbirSi gadasaxlebiT daemuqrnen. Semdeg axalcixeSi momuSave zogierTi piri gamoiZaxes, romelTa mSoblebmac xeli moaweres eklesiis gaxsnis Txovnas, da samuSaodan moxsniT daemuqrnen. miuxedavad aseTi mdgomareobisa, 1985 wlis Semdeg TandaTanobiT, SesaZlebeli gaxda eklesiaTa gaxsna. yoveli eklesiis gaxsnis nebarTvas adgilobrivi aRmaskomis Tanxmobis Semdeg scemda moskovSi ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli religiur saqmeTa sammarTvelo. gancxadebebi da xelmowerebi eklesiaTa gaxsnis Sesaxeb jer moskovSi igzavneboda, Semdeg TbilisSi brundeboda imave sammarTvelos respublikuri rwmunebulis aparatSi. miuxedavad yovelive amisa, morwmuneebi wlobiT iTxovdnen eklesiaTa gaxsnas. am dros maT aRmaskomebisa da raikomebis muSakebi namdvil tanjvas atexdnen Tavs. xalxi wamebuli da Tavdadebuli iyo. rac Seexeba samRvdeloebas, mas mkacrad ekrZaleboda eklesiis gaxsnis moTxovna. ar hqonda ufleba qadagebisa da gadaadgilebisa. magaliTad, ituqsebodnen is mRvdlebi, romlebic eklesiis oceulis (mrevlis) farglebs gareT sxva ubnis, anda sxva raionis morwmuneebs moemsaxurebodnen, arada mTel raionebsa da regionebSi erTi mRvdeli Tu iyo. maSasadame, mas malulad unda Seesrulebina mRvdelmsaxureba. presa, radio, Teatri, dramaturgia, gansakuTrebiT ki kinomrewveloba asrulebdnen samTavrobo dakveTas, sasacilod warmoadgendnen da abuCad igdebdnen RvTismsaxurT, rom xalxis TvalSi sasuliero pirad yofna mimzidveli aRar yofiliyo. rogorc iTqva, 1985-1986 wlidan mdgomareoba mkveTrad gaumjobesda, magram 70 wliani batonobis dros komunistebma mTeli Taobebi gazardes, romelTac eklesiisa da sasu-

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liero pirTa mimarT uaryofiTi damokidebuleba Caunerges. am barieris daZleva xalxisaTvis advili ar iyo. mmarTvelobis bolo wlebSi sabWoTa xelisufleba aRar krZalavda wmida werilis (bibliis) beWdva-gavrcelebas, mis sagazeTo publikaciebs. am fonze, roca bibliis avtoriteti kvlav gaizarda, xolo eklesiisa da sasuliero pirTa avtoriteti xalxis TvalSi dacemuli iyo, myari safuZveli mieca seqtantobis gavrcelebas, babtizms, ieRovelobas da sxva seqtebs moqmedebis asparezi gaexsnaT, radganac isinic wmida bibliis avtoritets aRiarebdnen, samRvdeloebas ki ar cnobdnen. sazogadoeba aRmoCnda realuri faqtis winaSe - mTeli raionebi, aTasobiT sofeli ueklesiod da umRvdelod iyo darCenili, xolo xalxis moTxovnilebis done wmida werilis mimarT presiT da informaciis sxva saSualebebiT TiTqosda dakmayofilebuli iyo. aseTi sulieri krizisis dros qarTul eklesias esaWiroeboda moqmedebis gaaqtiureba. marTlac kaTalikos-patriarqma ilia II-m udidesi avtoritetiT, udidesi energiis daxarjviT, moRvaweobiT SeZlo aRedgina da aemoqmedebina aseulobiT eklesia, akurTxa da akurTxebina aseulobiT axali sasuliero piri - diakvnebi, mRvdlebi da episkoposebi, gaafarTova mcxeTis sasuliero seminaria da TbilisSi misi gadmotanis Semdgom akurTxa saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriaSi umniSvnelovanesi Tbilisis sasuliero akademia. jer kidev adreve, eklesiis devnis dros SeZlo umRvdelmTavrod darCenili eparqiebis Sevseba axali episkoposebiT, xolo Semdgom eparqiebis ricxvis mkveTri gazrdiT saqarTvelos uamrav regions mieca samRvdelmTavro madlis miRebis saSualeba. mis dros gamoica manamde arnaxuli raodenobis sasuliero wignebi, rac umTavresia, iTargmna da gamoica biblia, wmidanTa cxovrebani, daarsda saeklesio Jurnalebi da gazeTebi uwmidesi da unetaresi kaTalikos-patriarqi ilia II-is dros eklesias STaebera WeSmariti axali sasicocxlo Zala, axali sunTqva, qarTuli eklesia TiTqmis gaqrobamde misuli mniSvnelovnad gaizarda da msoflios marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa rigSi daiWira Rirseuli adgili. eklesiis Sinagani mowyobis saxe daadgina XIII saeklesio gafarToebulma krebam, romelic mcxeTaSi gaimarTa 1995 wels. qarTuli eklesiis krebebi da struqtura avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg XIII saeklesio krebamde, miuxedavad devnilobisa, qarTvelma samRvdeloebam SeZlo moewvia Tormeti saeklesio kreba. 1917 wlis 12 (25) marts sveticxovelSi avtokefaliis aRdgenis gamocxadebis Semdeg, rogorc aRiniSna, pirveli saeklesio kreba Sedga. 1917 wlis 9-17 seqtembers daadgines eklesiis marTvagamgeobis debuleba, pirvel kaTalikos-patriarqad airCies kirion II (saZagliSvili); meore saeklesio kreba Sedga 1920 wlis 27 ivniss TbilisSi, kaTalikos-patriarqad airCies leonide (oqropiriZe); mesame saeklesio kreba Sedga gelaTSi 1921 wlis 1-5 seqtembers, kaTalikos-patriarqad airCies ambrosi (xelaia); 1926 wlis 26-27 seqtembers Sedga e.w. quTaisis saeklesio kreba. im dros eklesiaSi arsebobda Zalze rTuli viTareba, gare dawolis Semdgom eklesiis SigniT Seiqmna urTierTdapirispirebuli banakebi (qarTuli eklesiis ~istoria~ 1927 wlamde gadmocemuli aqvs k.p. kalistrates xelnawerSi (saqme #103, saRvTismetyv. kreb. 1984, #3, gv. 215). am moZraobis Sedegad 1927 wels 21-27 ivniss Semdgarma IV saekleiso krebam sakaTalikoso taxtze aiyvana kaTalikos-patriarqi qristefore cicqiSvili. mexuTe saeklesio kreba Sedga 1929 wlis 8 ivliss. krebam ganixila samRvdeloebis iuridiuli yofis sakiTxebi. meeqvse saeklesio kreba Sedga 1932 wlis 21-22 ivniss, TbilisSi, kaTalikos-patriarqad airCies kalistrate (cincaZe); meSvide saeklesio kreba Sedga 1934 wlis 31 maiss TbilisSi, airCies sinodis wevrebi; merve saeklesio kreba Sedga 1937 wels, TbilisSi, wmida sinodis reorganizaciis Semdeg SemoRebul iqna kaTalikos-patriarqis saxiT erTpirovnuli marTva-gamgeoba, sinods ewoda kaTalikosis Tanasinodi. omis Semdeg 1948 w. saqarTveloSi moqmedebda 52 eklesia, romelTac hyavdaT 166 mRvdelmsaxuri da 4 mRvdelmTavari. eklesiaTa da RvTismsaxurTa es raodenoba, etyoba, mTavrobam sakmarisad miiCnia da igi ar icvleboda aTeulobiT wlebis manZilze. mecxre saeklesio kreba Sedga 1952 w. 5 aprils TbilisSi, kaTalikospatriarqad airCies urbneli mitropoliti melqisedek III (fxalaZe); meaTe saeklesio kreba Sedga 1960 wlis 20 Tebervals, TbilisSi, airCies kaTalikos-patriarqad Wyondidel-baTum-Semoqmedeli mitropoliti efremi II (sidamoniZe); meTerTmete saeklesio kreba Sedga 1972 wlis 1 ivliss, TbilisSi, kaTalikos-patriarqad airCies urbneli mitropoliti daviT V (devdariani); meTormete saeklesio kreba Sedga 1977 wlis 23 dekembers, TbilisSi, kaTalikos-patriarqad arCeul iqna cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia II (SiolaSvili-RuduSauri). 1995 wlis 18-19 seqtembers sveticxovelSi Sedga saqarTvelos gafarToebuli saeklesio kreba, romelmac miiRo eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debuleba. masSi qarTuli ekle-

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sia gamocxadebulia adgilobriv avtokefalur (damoukidebel) marTlmadidebel eklesiad, romelsac aqvs 27 eparqia, saeklesio mmarTvelobis da xelisuflebis umaRlesi organoa saeklesio kreba - saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodi, krebebs Soris periodSi ki kaTalikos-patriarqi (Tavi I, 7). saeklesio sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs sinods, kaTalikos-patriarqs da eparqiis mmarTvel mRvdelmTavars. iuridiuli piris ufleba aqvT sapatriarqos ganyofileba-dawesebulebebs, eparqiebs, samrevloebs, monastrebs, saswavleblebs. wm. sinodis wevria yvela mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari, Tavmjdomareobs kaTalikos-patriarqi. wmida sinodis dadgenileba savaldebuloa eklesiis yoveli wevrisaTvis. Zvelis Semdeg axal patriarqs irCevs gafarToebuli saeklesio kreba monawile mRvdelmTavrebis naxevarze meti xmebiT. eparqiebi Sedgeba olqebSi gaerTianebuli samrevloebisagan da eparqiaSi myofi monastrebisagan (garda stavropigialurebisa), marTavs mRvdelmTavari, romelsac irCevs wm. sinodi. is patriarqTan SeTanxmebiT asrulebs sasuliero pirebis xeldasxmas. SeuZlia Tavisi eparqiidan sxva eparqiaSi gauSvas sasuliero piri Tu miecema mas ~gantevebis sigeli~. eparqiis yvela taZarSi RvTismsaxurebis dros aRevlineba mmarTveli mRvdelmTavris saxeli. eparqiis mRvdelmTavari patriarqs udgens yovelwliur angariSs eparqiis cxovrebisa da misi moRvaweobis Sesaxeb, akontrolebs eparqiis samrevloebs piradad an Tavisi warmomadgenlis meSveobiT, valdebulia hqondes eparqiis sasuliero pirTa sruli sia da monacemebi, iRebs maTgan angariSebs. mRvdelmTavari Tavis eparqiaSi umaRlesi sasamarTlo xelisufalia, uflebamosilia misces SeniSvna, sayveduri, gadaayenos Tanamdebobidan anda daados epitimia, aukrZalos mRvdelmoqmedeba sasuliero pirebs. hyavs saeparqio sabWo, aris saeparqio qonebis umaRlesi zedamxedveli. saeparqio sabWo Sedgeba mRvdelmTavris, oTxi sasuliero da ori saero pirisagan. maT niSnavs da aTavisuflebs mRvdelmTavari. sabWo ixilavs sasuliero pirTa da eriskacTa mier sarwmunoebriv, saeklesio da zneobrivi kanonebis darRvevas. eparqiis olqis zedamxedveli - mTavaruxucesi iniSneba mRvdelmTavris mier. misi movaleobaa saeklesio marTlwesrigis dacva. eparqiis samRvdeloeba Tavis mierve arCeul da mRvdelmTavris mier damtkicebul moZRvarTmoZRvars abarebs aRsarebas. samrevlo eparqiis nawilia, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs mRvdelmTavris mier daniSnuli winamZRvari. am saqmeSi mas exmareba samrevlo sabWo. samrevloSi samRvdelo pirs niSnavs da aTavisuflebs eparqiis mmarTveli. winamZRvarma zustad unda Seasrulos mRvdelmTavris gankargulebani da miTiTebani, aRasrulos RvTismsaxureba, yvela sakiTxis gadawyvetisas mimarTos mRvdelmTavars, warudginos yovelwliuri angariSi. samrevlo sabWo saero pirTagan irCevs mnes, romelic aRricxavs eklesiis Semosaval-gasavals specialur wignSi. darRvevaTa SemTxvevaSi mas sasjels mRvdelmTavari adebs. stavropigialuri da saeparqio monastrebi imarTebian sagangebo ~debulebis~ Sesabamisad. eklesia Tavis moTxovnilebebs uzrunvelyofs TviTdafinansebiT. sapatriarqo biujeti iqmneba eparqiebis, monastrebisa da saeklesio dawesebulebebis mier gadaricxuli saxsrebiT. eparqiis biujetic msgavsadve iqmneba samrevloebis, monastrebisa da dawesebulebebis Semosavlebidan procentuli gadaricxviT. Tavis mxriv samrevloebis fulad saxsrebs qmnis sanTlisa da literaturis realizaciiT miRebuli Semosavlebi, romelTac Semowirulobebi emateba. (ix. eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debuleba, 1997). avtokefaluri moZraobis dagvirgvineba marTalia, 1917 wlis 12 (25) marts gamocxadda saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena da xelsayreli politikuri viTarebis Sedegad Cveni eklesia Seudga damoukidebel, TavisTavad cxovrebas, magram misi avtokefaliis ufleba im dros ar cno arc rusulma eklesiam, romlis wiaRsac daaRwia Tavi Cvenma eklesiam, arc msoflios sxva sapatriarqoebma da adgilobrivma eklesiebma. aTwleulebis manZilze mudmivad arsebobda SiSi imisa, rom ruseTis wiTel imperias SeeZlo qarTuli eklesia kvlav rusulisaTvis daeqvemdebarebina. imis gamo, rom msoflio (konstantinopolis) sapatriarqo ar cnobda qarTuli eklesiis damoukideblobas, maTma meTaurebma ar upasuxes kirionis, leonides da ambrosis mokiTxvis baraTebs, rogorc es kaTalikos-patriarq kalistrates 1926 wlisaTvis daniSnuli merve msoflio krebisadmi (romelic ver Sedga) mimarTvidan Cans. yovelive es axalisebda, ~kadnieryofda mZulvarebasa da ZmaTa urTierTobaze amxedrebis moyvarulebs~ qarTuli eklesiis SigniT. meore mxriv, zogierTi rusi sasuliero piri yovel SemTxvevas iyenebda, qarTuli eklesiis ukve arsebuli avtokefalia ~separatizmad~ da

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~nacionalizmad~ gamoecxadebina. amitom qarTveli mRvdelmTavrebi TavgamodebiT iRvwodnen, raTa eklesia Seqmnili mdgomareobidan gamoeyvanaT. rusul eklesiasTan urTierTobis mogvarebas upirvelesi mniSvneloba hqonda. ucxoeTis sxva adgilobrivi eklesiebi qarTul eklesias ganixilavdnen ara rogorc uZveles eklesias, aramed ruseTis eklesiis nawils, romelmac isargebla revoluciuri mdgomareobiT da damoukidebloba gamoacxada. (saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1982, gv. 154). aseT dros rusuli eklesiis mmarTvelobaSi aRmoCndnen, pirebi, romelTac qarTuli eklesiis ukve arsebuli avtokefalia kanonier aqtad miiCnies, pativiscemiT moekidnen Zveli iveriis eklesiis adgils marTlmadidebelTa ojaxSi. germaniasTan II msoflio omis dros qarTveli xalxis mtkiced dgomam ruseTis gverdiT, safuZveli misca rusuli eklesiis xelmZRvanelobas ecno qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia, aRedgina Zmuri urTierToba qarTul da rusul eklesiaTa Soris. ruseTis wmida sinodma Tavisi am gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba miando stavropolisa da piatigorskis mTavarepiskoposs antons. igi 1943 wlis 28 oqtombers Camovida TbilisSi, viTarca oficialuri warmomadgeneli sruliad ruseTis patriarq sergisa. 1943 wlis 28 oqtombers erToblivi wirvis Semdeg amcnes mrevls sionis ambionidan, rom ruseTis eklesiam oficialurad da kanonikurad cno saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia da amis Sesaxeb acnoba msoflios marTlmadidebel mRvdelmTavrebs. es iyo udidesi movlena qarTuli eklesiis istoriaSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom ruseTis eklesiam 1943 wels cno ara mxolod qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia, man agreTve cno sxva mniSvnelovani uflebani qarTuli eklesiisa, kerZod aRiara misi sapatriarqo Rirseba da VI adgili msoflio eklesiis marTlmadideblur diptiqSi. maSasadame, marTlmadidebelTa ojaxSi ruseTis eklesiam qarTuli eklesia da misi meTauri daayena iseTi udidesi eklesiebis win, rogorebic arian serbeTis, rumineTis, bulgareTis, eladis da sxva eklesiebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTuli eklesiis VI adgili marTlmadideblur diptiqSi jerac ar ucvnia msoflios mraval eklesias da isini ufro ukana adgilze ayeneben mas. 1943 wels ruseTis eklesiis mier qarTuli eklesiis sami uflebis (avtokefalia, sapatriarqo Rirseba, adgili diptiqSi) aRiareba gvafiqrebinebs, rom es moxda sabWoTa saxelmwifos qarTveli meTauris nebarTviT (igulisxmeba i. stalini), romelmac swored im dros cno ruseTis eklesiis uflebebi, misca patriarqis arCevis neba. ruseTis eklesiam cno qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqcia saqarTvelos ssr-is teritoriaze, garda amisa, droebiT iurisdiqciaSi gadasca somxeTis ssr-s marTlmadidebeli mosaxleoba. amis Semdeg TiTqmis kidev 50 weli dasWirda imas, rom msoflio marTlmadideblur centrebs, konstantinopolsa da sxvebs ecnoT qarTuli eklesiis uflebani. kerZod, 1990 wlis 25 ianvars konstantinopolis msoflio patriarqma gamosca sigeli qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis cnobis Sesaxeb, imave wlis 3 marts ki manve gamosca ganCineba saqarTvelos eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirsebis cnobis Sesaxeb, saidanac gamomdinareobda eklesiis meTauris (patriarqis) titulis cnoba. qarTuli eklesiis istoriis mcodneTaTvis konstantinopolis sapatriarqos mier qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliisa da sapatriarqo Rirsebis cnoba ucnaurad gamoiyureba, radganac qarTul eklesias avtokefalia istoriulad saukuneTa siRrmeSi hqonda mopovebuli. konstantinopolis sapatriarqom XX s-dan wamoayena Teoria, romlis mixedviTac nebismieri adgilobrivi eklesia avtokefalias iRebs mxolod da mxolod konstantinopolisagan. maSasadame, nebismieri eklesiis dedaeklesia unda iyos konstantinopoli (am SemTxvevaSi ~dedaeklesia~ ewodeba iseT eklesias, romlis wiaRidanac gamodis axali avtokefaluri eklesia da romelsac dedaeklesia aniWebs avtokefalias). amitomac konstantinopoli didxans ar cnobda Cexoslovakiis, fineTis, poloneTis, amerikis marTlmadidebluri eklesiebis avtokefalias. es eklesiebi gamovidnen rusuli eklesiis wiaRidan, da maT avtokefalia XX s-is 50-ian wlebSi mianiWa rusulma eklesiam. konstantinopols miaCnda, rom rusul eklesias ara hqonda ufleba avtokefalia mieniWebina romelime eklesiisaTvis, aramed es ufleba mxolod da mxolod konstantinopolis funqciaa. amitomac daaxloebiT 20 wlis Semdeg konstantinopolma kvlav mianiWa avtokefalia zemoTCamoTvlil eklesiebs (amerikis eklesiis gamoklebiT). msoflio marTlmadidebelTa Soris avtoritetis asamaRleblad gamiznul konstantinopolis qmedebebs gaTavisuflebul axal eklesiaTa mimarT rusuli da sxva eklesiaTa mxridan mohyva Taviseburi reaqcia 50-60-ian wlebSi. cnobili kanonisti profesori s. troicki da sxvebi istoriuli dokumentebis meSveobiT amtkicebdnen, rom konstantinopolis sapatriarqos istoriulad arasodes hqonda administraciuli zedamxedvelobis

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ufleba mTeli msoflios eklesiaTa mimarT (ix. a. jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. I, 1996), magram imis gamo, rom XX s-is zemoT aRniSnul wlebSi konstantinopolis sapatriarqo ar cnobda axlad warmoqmnili da axlad avtokefaliamiRebuli eklesiebis arsebobas da, maSasadame, maT Tavisi iurisdiqciis qveS myofebad miiCnevda. cxadia, am axal eklesiebs didi dabrkolebani eqmnebodaT saerTaSoriso asparezze. amitom isini iRvwodnen, mieRoT msoflio marTlmadidebluri ojaxSi Rirseul wevrad. rogorc iTqva, es problemebi gadaiWra, magram ara qarTul da kidev sxva ramdenime eklesiasTan dakavSirebiT. qarTuli eklesiis mimarT konstantinopols iseTive pretenziebi hqonda, rogoric sxva eklesiaTa mimarT, kerZod, Tu vTqvaT ruseTis, anda romelime sxva eklesiam, Tavis wiaRSi Semavali romelime saeklesio erTeuli gaaTavisufla, igi unda Sevides konstantinopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi, anda misi avtokefalia unda cnos konstantinopolma. Tavis Teorias konstantinopoli safuZvlad udebda im azrs, TiTqosda yvela eklesias Tavis droze konstantinopolma mianiWa avtokefalia (cxadia, im eklesiaTa garda, romelnic mociqulTa mier ar iyvnen daarsebulni). aseTebi iyvnen ruseTis, serbeTis, rumineTis, bulgareTis, eladis da sxva eklesiebi. maT marTlac Tavis droze konstantinopolma uboZa Tavisufleba. konstantinopolTan rus kanonistebs TavianTi kamaTis dros magaliTad mohyavdaT qarTuli eklesia, romelic ZvelTaganve avtokefaluri iyo, magram mas avtokefalia mianiWa ara konstantinopolma, aramed antioqiis sapatriarqom. aRiareba imisa, rom saqarTvelos eklesias antioqiam mianiWa avtokefalia, ar eTanadeboda konstantinopolis sapatriarqoSi XIX-XX ss-Si Camoyalibebul zemoT xsenebul Teorias, amitomac miuRebeli iyo. es gaxldaT erT-erTi umTavresi mizezi imisa, rom konstantinopols didxans ar surda cnoba qarTuli eklesiis Zveli avtokefaliisa. Tavis uaris sababad ki iyenebda azrs imis Sesaxeb, rom saeklesio kanonebis mixedviT ar SeiZleboda erT saxelmwifoSi erTdroulad ori marTlmadidebeli eklesiis arseboba, e.i. sabWoTa kavSirSi erTdroulad ori (ruseTis da saqarTvelos) marTlmadidebluri eklesiis aRiarebiT TiTqosda dairRveoda saeklesio kanonebi. uaris sababad agreTve iyenebdnen imas, rom konstantinopolis sapatriarqosTvis ucnobi iyo istoriuli dokumentebi, romliTac dasturdeboda qarTuli eklesiis Zveli avtokefalia. aseTi urTulesi saerTaSoriso-saeklesio viTarebis mogvareba SeZlo saqarTvelos uwmindesma kaTalikos-patriarqma ilia II-m Zalze daxvewili diplomatiuri xelovnebiT, uaRresad daZabuli Sromis Sedegad. man gamarjvebiT daagvirgvina jer kidev XIX s-is bolos qarTul eklesiaSi dawyebuli avtokefaluri moZraoba. miaRwia imas, rom konstantinopolma cno qarTuli eklesiis damoukidebloba (jer kidev sabWoTa kavSiris arsebobis dros), riTac sabolood amoiwura sadavo sakiTxi. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqma misma uwmindesobam da unetaresobam ilia II-m sasuliero ganaTleba miiRo moskovis sasuliero seminariasa (daasrula 1956 w.) da akademiaSi (daasrula 1960 wels), 1957 wlis 16 aprils sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarq melqisedekis locva-kurTxeviT Tbilisis aleqsandre nevelis taZarSi aRikveca berad da ewoda saxelad ilia, ori dRis Semdeg igi sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi ierodiakvnad akurTxa kaTalikos-patriarqma melqisedekma, ori wlis Semdeg 1959 wlis 10 maiss, moskovis sasuliero akademiis studentobisas mRvdel-monazvnad akurTxa ruseTis patriarqma sergim saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis melqisedekis werilobiTi Txovnis safuZvelze. akademiaSi mieniWa RvTismetyvelebis kandidatis xarisxi SromisaTvis ~aTonis iverTa monastris istoria~. saqarTveloSi dabrunebis Semdeg uwmindesma patriarqma efrem II-m ganamwesa RvTismsaxurad baTumis sakaTedro taZarSi, 1960 wlis 19 dekembers mieniWa iRumenis, 1961 wlis 16 seqtembers arqimandritis xarisxi, 1963 wels kaTalikos-patriarq efrem II-isa da mRvdelmTavarTa xeldasxmiT ayvanil iqna episkoposis pativSi, sammarTvelod gadaeca baTum-Semoqmedis eparqia, dainiSna patriarqis qorepiskoposad. 1967 wels gadaiyvanes cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis mmarTvelad, 1969 wels mieniWa mitropolitis xarisxi, amave dros 1963-1972 wlebSi gaxldaT pirveli reqtori mcxeTis sasuliero seminariisa, 1977 wlis 23 dekembers saqarTvelos meTormete saeklesio krebam qarTuli eklesiis winaSe damsaxurebisaTvis airCia sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqad. 25 dekembers Sedga misi aRsaydreba. ilia II-is sapatriarqo moRvaweobis srul aRweras momavalSi mieZRvneba vrceli monografiebi da gamokvlevebi, magram, rogorc iTqva, erT-erTi umTavresi miRweva misi uwmindesobis moRvaweobisa aris TiTqmis erTsaukunovani qarTuli avtokefaluri moZraobis warmatebiT dagvirgvineba. aqve albaT SesaZlebelia imis Tqmac, rom swored

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misi uwmindesobis RvawliT qarTvel wmidanTa madli aRivso qarTuli eklesiis axali wmidanebiT. wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebiT sxvadasxva wlebSi kanonizebul iqnen wmidanebad - wmida ilia marTali (xseneba 2 agvistos), Rirsi mRvdelmonazoni aleqsi (SuSania, xseneba 18 (31) ianvars), wmida ambrosi aRmsarebeli (xseneba 16(29) marts), Rirsni zabuloni da sosana (xseneba 2 ivniss), wmida mRvdelmowame nazari krebuliT (mRvdeli germane jajaniZe, mRvdeli ieroTeos nikolaZe, mRvdeli simon mWedliZe, diakoni besarion kuxianiZe), daxvretilni 1924 wels aTeistTa mier (xseneba 14 (27) agvisto), wmida mRvdelmTavrebi aleqsandre oqropiriZe, (xseneba 9 noembers) da gabrieli (qiqoZe, xseneba 13 (26) dekembers), wmida mRvdelmowame grigoli (feraZe, xseneba 6 dekembers), aWaraSi TurqTagan XVIII s-Si wamebuli mamani da dedani (xseneba sulTmofenobas) da sxvebi. lazares SabaTs dadginda dResaswauli: ~qebai da didebai qarTulisa enisai~. qarTuli eklesiis zemoaRniSnuli mdgomareoba, roca uZvelessa da Rirseul saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesias saerTaSoriso asparezze ar ayenebdnen avtokefalur eklesiaTa rigSi, ufro metic, zogjer avtonomiur eklesiaTa Sorisac ki moixseniebdnen, iwvevda mraval uxerxulobasa da daZabulobas. es gansakuTarebiT kargad Canda saerTaSoriso Sexvedrebisas, marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa TaTbirebis dros. am dros eklesiaTa meTaurebi, mRvdelmTavrebi da samRvdeloeba rogorc wirva-locvebis, ise Sexvedrebis dros dgebodnen an isxdnen diptiqis wesis Sesabamisad. qarTuli eklesiis warmomadgenels ekuTvnoda misTvis kanonieri meeqvse adgili, magram misi adgilis gansazRvra sadavo xdeboda, zogjer uxerxulic ki. aRsaydrebis Semdeg konstantinopolis sapatriarqoSi oficialuri vizitisas 1979 wlis maisSi wmida sinodis winaSe ilia II-m daayena sami sakiTxi: aRiarebuli yofiliyo saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia, aRiarebuli yofiliyo misi meTauris sapatriarqo tituli, mikuTvneboda qarTul eklesias kuTvnili VI adgili marTlmadideblur diptiqSi. ~Cemi azriT - ganacxada ilia II-m, - konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqom ar unda dauSvas, rom uZvelesi qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesia daayenos axali eklesiebis gverdiT, Cven gvinda aRvadginoT winandeli mdgomareoba, romelic samwuxarod, davkargeT 1811 wels~. konstantinopolis eklesiam istoriuli dokumentebi moiTxova saamisod. qalkedonis mitropolitma melitonma ganacxada: ~Cveni eklesiis sinodi am sakiTxs dadebiTad gadaWris, mxolod Cven gvWirdeba dasabuTebuli istoriuli masalebi saqarTvelos eklesiis Sesaxeb, rom es sakiTxi gadaiWras umokles xanSi~ (~jvari vazisa~, 1979, #2, gv. 11). uwmindesma saqarTveloSi Camosvlis Semdgom wlebis manZilze gaaCaRa muSaoba qarTuli eklesiis istoriuli sabuTebis mosapoveblad, dagvavala Cven, wmida sinodis wevrebs, qarTvel mecnierebs, moRvaweebs, muSakebs, yvelas, visac ki Sexeba hqonda aRniSnul sakiTxTan, wvlili Seetana am saqmeSi. Seikriba dokumentebi, iTargmna ucxo enebze. 1982 wlis 3 ivliss misma uwmidesobam oficialuri werilebiT mimarTa yvela marTlmadidebeli eklesiis meTaurs wmida sinodis saxeliT: maTSi gadmocemuli iyo qarTuli eklesiis mokle istoria, dokumentebis darTviT, romlidanac aSkarad dasturdeboda qarTuli eklesiis uZvelesi avtokefalia, misi meTauris sapatriarqo tituli da VI adgili diptiqSi. 1987 wels saqarTvelos eklesias ewvia konstantinopolis msoflio patriarqi dimitrios I. mas da konstantinopolis eklesiis delegacias xsenebul sakiTxebze ramdenjerme SevxvdiT wmida sinodis wevrebi. gadawyda, rom umokles droSi gadaWriliyo qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxi. marTlac, male 1988 wlis TebervalSi Cvens eklesias ewvia konstantinopolis warmomadgenlobiTi delegacia mitropolit qrizostomosis meTaurobiT. misi uwmidesoba, wmida sinodis ramdenime wevri, cnobili mecnierebi nodar lomouri da zaza aleqsiZe misi uwmidesobis misaReb darbazSi SevxvdiT delegaciis wevrebs. konstantinopolidan warmogzavnilma mitropolitma mis uwmidesobas gaacno im sigelis teqsti, romelic unda miscemoda qarTul eklesias avtokefaliis miniWebis Semdeg. am teqstis mixedviT Cveni eklesia Cayenebuli iyo ara uZveles, aramed axal eklesiaTa rigSi, raRac xarisxiT damokidebuli xdeboda konstantinopolze, magaliTad, mironi unda mieRo konstantinopolis eklesiidan da ar unda moxarSuliyo saqarTveloSi. Tu am sigels miviRebdiT, maSin faqtiurad arsebul avtokefalias vumorCilebdiT konstantinopols. sigelis teqstma daZabuloba gamoiwvia. batoni nodar lomouri wamodga da sruli dabejiTebiT moaxsena saqarTvelos patriarqs, rom am sigelze xelismowera araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleboda. cxadia, misi uwmidesoba gaaxara mecnieris gamosvlam, samagierod stumrebi gaaoca mecnieris mkacrma tonma. isini mixvdnen, rom qarTvel ersa da inteligencias qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxi Zalze mniSvnelovnad miaCndaT. mitropolitma qrizostomosma ganacxada, rom dokumentze

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muSaoba ufro daixveweboda samomavlod. igi mitropolit damaskinosTan erTad kvlav ewvia saqarTvelos, teqstis daxvewa gagrZelda. 1990 wlis 7 ianvars, Sobis dResaswaulze, kvlav CamobrZanebulma mitropolitma qrizostomosma, wirvis Semdeg sionis mrevls amcno, rom msoflio sapatriarqom aRiara saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia da misi meTauris sapatriarqo tituli. Sexvedrisas saboloo varianti kvlav Sesworda da daixvewa. teqstis misaRebad stambolSi konstantinopolis sapatriarqoSi CabrZanda uwmidesi patriarqi ilia II wm. sinodis wevrebTan erTad. 1990 wlis 4 marts, marTlmadideblobis dResaswaulze qarTulma eklesiam miiRo misTvis sasurveli ori sigeli. erTi adasturebda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalias, meore misi meTauris patriarqis tituls. me bedniereba mqonda, misi uwmidesobis locva-kurTxeviT, saqarTvelos wmida sinodis sagangebo krebaze wamekiTxa ~saqarTvelos uwmidesi marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis cnobisa da mtkicebis sigeli~ uwmidesis TbilisSi CamobrZanebis Semdeg. sigelSi kerZod naTqvamia: - ~dimitriosi, wyalobiTa RmrTisaiTa mTavarepiskoposi konstantinopolisa, axlisa romisa da msoflio patriarqi... kavkasiis kurTxeul miwaze, amJamad saqarTvelos respublikis sazRvrebSi Semavali wmida da marTlmadidebeli eklesia, romelmac uZvelesi droidan miiRo TviTmmarTveli da Tavisufali ganmgebloba da Sesabamisad saeklesio mmarTvelobiTi organizaciac... mimarTavs yoveli xelsayreli SemTxvevisas Cvens ekumenur sapatriarqo taxts da iTxovs kurTxevasa da mtkicebas Tavisi TviTmmarTvelobiTi struqturisa... Cveni umdablesoba da Cveni kurTxeuli mitropolitebi... ganimsWvala azriT... cnos da daamtkicos saqarTvelos wmida eklesiis avtokefalia da damoukidebeli struqtura... sinodis gadawyvetilebiTa da suliwmidiT ganaTlebulni vacxadebT saqarTvelos uwmides eklesias imave TviTmmarTveli struqturiTa da organizmebiT, rac uZvelesi droidan hqonda da rac damowmebulia, agreTve balsamonis mier, romelic wers: ~...amboben, rom dResa maT Sina uwmidesisa patriarqisa RvTaebrivi qalaqisa didisa antioqiisa ufali petresi, gamotanil iqna sinoduri dadgenileba, rom iqmnes Tavisufali da avtokefaluri eklesia iberiisa~, miviCnevT rom igi aris Zmur marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa pleadaSi da vadasturebT, agreTve imas, rom igi saxeldebulia, rogorc ~wmida avtokefaluri eklesia sruliad saqarTveloisa~... SeubRalavad daicavs marTlmadideblur sarwmnuoebasa da RvTismosaobas da amasTanave marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saRmrTo da wmida kanonebsa da wesebs. rigis mixedviT moixseniebs wmida diptiqSi saxels yoveli msoflio patriarqisa da sxva uwmides patriarqTa da wmida marTlmadidebeli avtokefaluri eklesiebis unetares gamgebelTa, rac Seexeba wmida mironis sakiTxs, daculi iqneba amasTan dakavSirebiT dadgenili saeklesio wesi... welsa 1990, Tvesa ianvarsa (25)~. meore sigeli qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirsebis aRiarebas Seexeba, romelSic weria: ~saqarTvelos uwmidesi eklesiis meTaurisTvis sapatriarqo titulis cnobis da boZebis sapatriarqo sinoduri ganCineba~, dimitriosi, wyalobiTa RmrTisaiTa mTavarepiskoposi konstantinopolisa axlisa romisa da msoflio patriarqi... saqarTvelos uwmidesi eklesia pativdebuli iqnes sapatriarqo RirsebiTa da adgiliT, rogorc adridanve ixsenieboda uZveles qronikebsa da sxva saeklesio wyaroebSi misi tituli ~mTavarepiskoposi mcxeTa-Tbilisisa da kaTolikos-patriarqi sruliad saqarTveloisa~, aseve ixseniebodes amieridanac marTlmadideblur saRmrTo da wmida gangebebSi...~ samwuxarod, am droisaTvis ar iqna ganxiluli qarTuli eklesiis adgilis sakiTxi marTlmadideblur diptiqSi. diptiqis sakiTxi aris urTulesi da exeba eklesiaTa Rirsebas. magaliTad, serbeTis, rumineTisa da bulgareTis eklesiebs konstantinopolis sapatriarqom adre mianiWa avtokefalia da sapatriarqo Rirseba, amitom konstantinopolis diptiqSi isini ixseniebian sapatriarqo eklesiaTa rigSi ruseTis eklesiis Semdeg, Sesabamisad VI, VII da VIII adgilebze. radganac qarTuli eklesiis ufleba SemdegSi iqna cnobili, igi unda Cadges maT ukan, e.i. IX adgilze, rac cxadia, miuRebelia CvenTvis. ase, rom sakiTxi sadavoa. am sakiTxis gadaWras saeklesio sabuTebis moSveliebiT cdiloben msoflios eklesiebi. msoflio marTlmadidebluri eklesiebi emzadebian axali msoflio saeklesio krebis Casatareblad. cnobilia, rom bolo msoflio kreba Catarda aTasze meti wlis win. amis Semdeg msoflio marTlmadideblobas daugrovda mravali sakiTxi, romelTa gadaWracaa saWiro. gadawyda, msoflio krebis win Catardes wina mosamzadebeli TaTbirebi. ukve Catarda ramdenime TaTbiri, romlebzec dadginda, rom momavali msoflio krebis dRis wesrigSi Seitanon sul 10 sakiTxi, maT Soris iseTebisa, rogoricaa marxvis, kalendris, aRdgomis erT dRes dResaswaulis, diptiqis, avtokefaliis, diasporisa da sxva sakiTxebi. msoflio marTlmadideblur eklesiebs surT, krebamde ganixilon da Seiswavlon yvela sakiTxi, miaRwion srul Tanxmobas yvela sakiTxze, radganac

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Tu SeuTanxmebel sakiTxebs gaitanen msoflio krebaze gansaxilvelad, SeiZleba aman gamoiwvios kamaTi da uTanxmoeba, msoflio kreba iqceva ara erTobis, aramed ganyofis krebad, rac dauSvebelia. amitom sakiTxs diptiqisa, romelic daudgenelia qarTuli eklesiis mimarT, msoflio eklesiebi swavloben. am sakiTxze TavianTi azri gamoTqves ruseTis, eladis, konstantinopolis da sxva eklesiebma TavianT ~TemebSi diptiqis Sesaxeb~. maTze dayrdnobiTa da sxva wyaroebis monacemebiT Cems mier momzadebuli Tema ~marTlmadideblur diptiqSi qarTuli eklesiis adgilis Sesaxeb~ ukve gamoqveynebulia. Tavi XVII. saqarTvelos saxelmwfios aRorZineba erovnuli saxelmwifosa da erovnuli eklesiis urTierToba ufali RmerTis umowyalesi madliT XX s-is bolos aRdga saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrioba, qarTvelma erma da saqarTvelos mosaxleobam Seqmna Tavisi damoukidebeli saxelmwifo, risTvisac marad loculobdnen Cveni wmida mamebi da patriarqebi. rogori unda iyos erovnuli eklesiisa da erovnuli saxelmwifos urTierToba? sakiTxi aqtualuria, amJamad sazogadoeba cdilobs mis mogvarebas, radganac parlaments jerjerobiT Sesabamisi kanoni ar miuRia. kirion kaTalikosma adreve ganacxada bolSevik-aTeistebis batonobis dasawyisSi: ~gauzviadeblad vambob, rom is yovlad Seuferebeli eqsperimentebi, romelTac am ukanasknel wlebSi axdenen qarTveli eris zurgze, aucileblad miiyvans mas fizikurad gadaSenebis da sulieri gavelurebis da gaxrwnis karamde~. gavida bolSevik-aTeistebis xelisuflebis batonobis umZimesi 70 weli. RvTis SewevniT, eri gadaurCa fizikurad gadaSenebas, magram ~sulier gavelurebas da sulier gaxrwnas~ Tavi ver aarida. es gamoCnda omisas, roca saqarTvelom droebiT dakarga ZirZveli miwa-wyali afxazeTsa da sxvagan. es Cans agreTve misi macocxlebeli sulis - eklesiisadmi damokidebulebiTac. is garemoebac, romelSic Caayenes Cveni wmida eklesia komunistebma, nela icvleba. eklesia maTi batonobidan gamovida ekonomikurad gaCanagebuli, usaxsro, yovelgvari mudmivi saarsebo wyaros gareSe. laparakic zedmetia imaze, rom RvTismsaxurs ara aqvs xelfasi, pensia, ar eZleva sacxovrebeli farTobi da ara aqvs sazogadoebaSi is Rirseuli adgili, romelic tradiciulia misTvis. RvTismsaxuris msgavsi mdgomareobis gamo sulierad SeZruli wmida ilia marTali RaRadebda: - ~Cvens ers mRvdeli ara hyavs. is mRvdlebi, romelnic arian, imisTana yofaSi arian, rom marto lukma-puris ZebnaSi aRameben TavianT dResa da eris sasuliero saqmisaTvis veRar iclian~ (1881 wlis dekembris ~Sinauri mimoxilva~, t. 5. gv. 136). SeiZleba vinmem Tqvas, ilias dros saqarTveloSi samRvdeloeba sakmaod iyoo. cxadia, iyvnen da gacilebiT ufro meti raodenobisa, vidre dRes aris. maTi materialuri mdgomareobac axlandelze umjobesi iyo, magram roca wmida ilia brZanebs: ~Cven ers mRvdeli ara hyavs~, iqve ganmartavs, rom mRvdeli Tu Tavisi uSualo movaleobisaTvis ~eris sasuliero saqmisaTvis~ ver iclis imis gamo, rom ~lukma-puris ZebnaSi aRamebs Tavis dRes~, mRvdeli ar aris. osmalTa xangrZlivi 500 wlovani batonobis Semdeg, rodesac berZenma xalxma Tavisi erovnuli saxelmwifo aRadgina, XIX s-Si upirveles miznad daisaxa aRedgina TiToeuli moqalaqis erovnuli TavisTavadoba anu ~berZnoba~, romelic Seirya mtris batonobisas. amisaTvis, upirveles yovlisa, aRadgines nacionalur TvisebaTa dvrita berZnuli eklesia, saxelmwifom berZnuli eklesia gamoacxada erovnul eklesiad, maSasadame, saxelmwifom Tavis Tavze aiRo berZnuli eklesiis yovelgvari socialur-ekonomikuri sakiTxis gadaWra, samRvdeloebas daeniSna xelfasebi I kategoriis saxelmwifo moxeleTa Tanabrad. biujetma gaiTvaliswina saxsrebi samRvdeloebis socialuri uzrunvelyofis, binebis, pensiebisaTvis, sxva saWiroebisaTvis. mxolod erTi saqme daekisra samRvdeloebas - Tavisi sulieri movaleobis Sesruleba - axali Taobis aRzrda, eris zneobrivi gajansaReba. Cveni eklesiis wmidanebs hqondaT Sexeduleba imis Sesaxeb, rogori unda yofiliyo saxelmwifosa da eklesiis urTierToba avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg. wmidanis yoveli sityva CvenTvis wmidaa da maTi aRsruleba mxolod sikeTis momtani. wmida aleqsi (SuSania) saqarTvelos siRrmeSi, provinciaSi moRvaweobda, xalxis SuagulSi trialebda, misi maSindeli wuxili kargad eTanadeba Cvens dRevandels. igi werda: ~dRes dagvidga saWirboroto saqme saxelmwifodan gamoyofisa da samRvdeloebas mouspes saerTo jamidan lukma da amboben: morwmuneTa ojaxma arCinoso. sakvirvelia swored, rom samRvdeloeba, romelic eris rwmenas emsaxureba, unawilod yves eris saziaro xazinidan, romelic Seadgens ara visime kuTvnilebas, aramed qonebas im erisas, romelTa ricxvSi cxra mea-

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Teds morwmuneTa ojaxi Seadgens da amaTgan gadasaxadis naoflariT daunjebuli xazina gana mware usamarTloba ar aris, rom imave ojaxTa rwmenas ar moxmardes,... ra daaSava mRvdelma, rom gamodevneT eris qonebisagan?~ (aleqsi beri (SuSania) ~mTavroba da sarwmunoeba~, gv. 2). wmida aleqsi beris mosazreba faqtiurad gaxlavT gagrZeleba ilia marTlis wuxilisa. eklesiisadmi Cveni saxelmwifos damokidebulebis istoria meordeba. cnobilia, rom I msoflio omSi damarcxebis gamo ruseTis imperia daiSala, saqarTvelom amis gamo misTvis moulodnelad moipova damoukidebloba, xelisuflebis saTaveSi aRmoCnda socialist-menSevikebis partia, romelic wlebis manZilze iRvwoda saqarTvelos damoukideblobis winaaRmdeg. ~damoukidebeli saqarTvelos mesveurni aTeisturi msoflmxedvelobisani aRmoCndnen. maT eklesia - qarTveli xalxis sulieri Zlierebis simbolo saxelmwifosagan gamohyves, skola eklesiisagan da ra savalalo Sedegebic aqedan miviReT es dRes yvelasaTvis cnobilia~ - wers s. vardosaniZe (~kirion II~, 1984, gv. 23). Cveni eklesiis udidesi moRvawis, SemdgomSi kaTalikos-patriarq leonides azriT, es gadawyvetileba araswori iyo. amis dasasabuTeblad leonides mohyavda Semdegi argumentebi: 1. religiuri grZnoba adamianisaTvis iseve aucilebelia, rogorc sxva saxis grZnobebi. saxelmwifo valdebulia izrunos am grZnobis dasakmayofileblad. 2. eris ganviTareba warmoudgenelia religiuri rwmenis gareSe, qarTveli eris ganviTareba qristianobis gareSe, radgan swored qristianobam gadaarCina igi, misi kultura, qristianobam SeunarCuna mas erovnuli saxe. 3. adamianebi ver iqnebian moralurad wmindanni, Tu maTi samoqmedo ritualebi: qorwineba, dabadeba da sxva saeklesio wesebiT ar iqnebian nakurTxni. kaTalikos-patriarqi leonide werda: ~eklesiis ganadgurebiT verc kulturulad moigebs Cveni saxelmwifo. is socializmi, romliTac qveynis gabednierebas lamoben, mmarTvel partias jer ver daumyarebia. sxva Rirebuleba ki, romelsac qristianobis magivroba SeeZlos Cveni xalxisaTvis, verc moraluri da verc gonebrivi mas ver Seuqmnia~ (leonides piradi arqivi. centrarqivi). 1918-21 wlebSi demokratiuli saqarTvelos mesveurebs msoflioSi yvelaze ufro did socialistebad warmoedginaT Tavi. rogorc Cans, amJamad CvenSic cdiloben msoflioSi yvelaze demokratiuli sazogadoebis Seqmnas. warmodgena iseTia, TiTqosda demokratiul qveynebSi saxelmwifo aRar zrunavs erovnul eklesiaze, ar uwyobs mas xels, sinamdvileSi ki msoflios yvelaze ufro demokratiul qveynebSi arseboben saxelmwifo eklesiebi, samRvdeloeba da saeklesio dawesebulebani iReben xelfass, Tanxebs, eklesia ar aris gamoyofili axalgazrdobisa da mosaxleobis sulieri aRzrdis saqmidan, e.i. saskolo sistemidan, ar aris akrZaluli skolebSi sasuliero xasiaTis sagnebis Seswavla da sxva. ese igi yvelaze demokratiul qveynebSi eklesiisa da saxelmwifos urTierToba swored isea dayenebuli, rogorsac iTxovdnen wm. ilia marTali, aleqsi SuSania, kaTalikos-patriarqi leonide da sxva wmida mamebi. magaliTad, did britaneTSi aris ori saxelmwifo eklesia: inglisSi anglikanuri eklesia, xolo SotlandiaSi - presviterianuli. anglikanuri eklesiis mRvdelmTavrebis didi nawili lordTa palatis wevria. samRvdeloeba uzrunvelyofilia saxelmwifos mier, saxelmwifosagan iRebs xelfasebs, pensiebs, socialur daxmarebas, saeklesio gasaval Tanxebs anazRaurebs saxelmwifo. asevea SveciaSi, sadac saxelmwifo eklesiis statusi aqvs evangelikur-luTeranuls, italiaSi saxelmwifo eklesia kaTolikuria, Tumca qveyanaSi sindisis Tavisuflebaa gamocxadebuli. asevea irlandiaSi. aq eklesia akontrolebs ganaTlebisa da janmrTelobis dacvis sistemebs, asevea belgiaSi, saberZneTSi, avstriaSi, portugaliaSi, germaniaSi, daniaSi, islandiaSi, norvegiaSi, fineTSi, espaneTSi. yvelgan arsebobs saxelmwifo eklesia misgan gamomdinare yvela SedegiT. msoflios saxelmwifoTa umravlesobis konstituciaSi Setanilia muxli saxelmwifo eklesiis Sesaxeb. maT ~erovnul~ an ~saxalxo~ eklesiebs uwodeben. dResdReobiT, rogorc aRiniSna, Cveni samRvdeloeba yoveldRiur zrunvasa da jafaSia, rom rogorme moipovos saarsebo saxsari ojaxis gamosakvebad, qveli saqmis aRsasruleblad, sxvaTa dasaxmareblad, saqveyno valis mosaxdelad. am saxsrebs ki Tavisi piradi SromiT moipovebs - naTlobiTa da sxva wesebis SesrulebiT. sabednierod, miuxedavad aseTi jafisa, Cvens samRvdeloebas kidev yofnis energia, rom aqtiuri monawileoba miiRos mrevlis sulieri aRzrdisa da ucxo seqtebis sawinaaRmdego RvawlSi. qarTuli eklesia saqarTveloSi sxva religiebTan da seqtebTan SedarebiT araTanabar pirobebSia Cayenebuli. yvela ucxo religias, romelic ar unda iyos igi, didi mxardaWera da dafinanseba aqvs ucxoeTis sasuliero centrebidan, ucxo saxelmwifoebidan isini iReben saxsrebs, saukeTeso nabeWd iaf literaturas, daxmarebas, maSin, roca Cveni samRvdeloeba da eklesiebi mxolod saqarTvelos gaRatakebuli mrevlis momsaxureobiT

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arseboben. Cvens mrevlsa da qarTul eklesias XIX s-Si 150 milioni oqros maneTis qoneba da naxevar milionamde heqtari miwa CamomarTves. imedi unda viqonioT, rom aRdgenili saxelmwifo aRadgens Tavis sulier safuZvels - eklesias; vloculobT, raTa aRdges Cveni erisa da saqarTvelos wmida eklesiis sulieri kavSiri iseTive saxiT, rogoric iyo wina saukuneebSi saqarTvelos Tavisuflebis dros. amin. Tavi XVIII saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis damaxinjeba sabWoTa epoqaSi dampyrobeli mudam cdilobs damorCilebuli xalxis asimilacia-gadagvarebas. ruseTis imperiac saqarTvelos aneqsiis Semdeg mTeli 200 weli yovelnairad cdilobda qarTveli xalxis garusebas, rogorc viciT Tvalxiluli faqtebiTa da wyaroebiT, aseve wm. ambrosi xelaiasa da kalistrate cincaZis nawerebiT. ruseTis imperiul xelisuflebs miaCndaT, rom qarTvelTa gadagvareba-gasaruseblad upirvelesad saWiro iyo erovnuli mTlianobis darRveva, eris istoriuli cnobierebis gamrudeba. ~dayavi da ibatones~ deviziT ukve XIX s-is 70-80-iani wlebidan samecniero wreebs SeukveTes ~mecnieruli~ meTodebiTa da saxelmZRvaneloebiT daenergaT Tvalsazrisi, TiTqos qarTveli xalxi sxvadasxva TavisTavadi xalxis konglomeratisgan Sedgeboda, TiTqos sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufebi iyvnen qarTlelebi, kaxelebi, imerlebi, megrelebi, Zveli afxazebi, mesxebi da sxvani, TiTqos TavisTavadi enebia manamde qarTuli enis kilokavebad miCneuli megruli, svanuri, xevsuruli, lazuri, mesxuri, TuSuri, ingilouri Tu fereidnuli metyveleba. maTTvis yvelaze miuRebeli aRmoCnda qarTuli literatura da gansakuTrebiT saqarTvelos istoria, romelic mwyobri sistemiT hqondaT gadmocemuli uZveles qarTul matianeebsa da wyaroebs. raoden miuRebeli da saSiSi gaxldaT imperiisTvis saqarTvelos istoria, amaze kargad metyvelebs misi gadagvarebuli qarTveli msaxuris, imperiis erT-erTi didmoxelis, XX s-is 30-ian wlebSi ~centraluri komitetis~ ideologiuri xelmZRvanelis, ~kulturis ganyofilebis ufrosis~, amasTanave Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis reqtoris karlo oragveliZis Sefaseba-mowodeba: ~Cvens winaSe dgas cixesimagre, romelsac saqarTvelos istoria ewodeba da romelic jer auRebelia, magram ar arsebobs iseTi cixesimagre, romlis aReba bolSevikebs ar SeeZloT. saWiroa energiuli muSaoba da mtkice bolSevikuri nebisyofa am cixesimagris asaRebad~ (~iv. javaxiSvili tiraniis winaaRmdeg~, 2004 w. gv. 172). ~cixesimagre, romelsac saqarTvelos istoria ewodeba~, vfiqrob, mtris mxridan saukeTeso Sefasebaa Cveni eris warsulisa. rogor SeZles bolSevikebma, borotebis imperiis mmarTvelebma, romlebic SiSis zars scemdnen msoflios, ~saqarTvelos istoriis cixesimagris aReba~? saerTod SeZles ki? samwuxarod, SeZles! sastikad gaayalbes da daamaxinjes Cveni istoria. uaryves ara mxolod iv. javaxiSvilis Tvalsazrisi qarTveli eris uZvelesobis Sesaxeb, aramed siyalbed gamoacxades qarTuli matianeebis dabejiTebuli mosazrebani farnavazis epoqaSi pirveli dasavleT-aRmosavleT saqarTvelos gaerTianebuli saxelmwifos Camoyalibebis Sesaxeb. Tu romelime istorikosi gabedavda da qarTul wyaroebis am mosazrebebs Tavis naSromebSi gamoiyenebda, Sesabamisad isjeboda, ar ubeWdavdnen naSroms, vaimecnierad racxdnen, dascinodnen kidevac, amitom amJamadac ki, roca RvTis madliT ukve aRsdga saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrioba, saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebSi ~mecnieruli~ Tvalsazrisis Sesabamisad farnavazi mxolod ~aRmosavleT saqarTvelos~ mefedaa gamocxadebuli. Cveni zogi amJamindeli mecnieri, sabWour-rusuli istoriografiis warmomadgeneli Zveli qarTuli istoriografiis sawinaaRmdegod amtkicebs, rom dasavleT-aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo ar yofila erTiani mefe farnavazis Semdeg, rom TiTqos dasavleTis qarTveloba mxolod mogvianebiT Sevida qarTul kulturul da politikur areSi. rogorc wesi, am ~mogvianebiT~ periodSi igulisxmeba IX-X ss. ufro metic, zogi mecnieri amtkicebs, TiTqos bodbe, gurjaani, mimdebare kaxeTis mxareebi da e.w. ~gaRma mxari~ (saingilo) Tavdapirvelad albanelebiT iyo dasaxlebuli, romelTa ~qarTizacia-gaqarTveleba~ IV-V ss-Si moxda. aranakleb absurdulia zogi cnobili sabWoTa qarTveli mecnieris Tvalsazrisi, TiTqosda qvemo qarTlSi somxebi saxlobdnen da isini kirion kaTalikosma ~gaaqarTvela~ qarTizaciis procesis Sedegad, TiTqosda fSav-xevsureTisa da mimdebare kuTxeebis qarTizacia ganxorcielda IX-X ss-Si, qarTuli eklesiis ZaladobiT gaqarTvelda tao-klarjeTis somxuri mosaxleoba da iqauri ~somxur-qalkedonuri~ monastrebi. zemoTqmulidan Cans, rom sabWoTa imperiam marTlac Searyia ~saqarTvelos istoriis cixesimagre~, Searyia erovnuli cnobiereba, aaRorZina kuTxur-regionuli Semecneba, es ki axla xels uSlis da abrkolebs qarTveli eris konsolidacia-gamTlianebis

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wmida saqmes. imperias axlac aqvs imedi, rom saqarTvelo daiSleba regionul saxelmwifo warmonaqmnebad da saTiTaod daipyroben maT.

yovlad wmida ~samebis taZris~ aRmarTva TbilisSi gangebulebasa da mudmiv mfarvelobas RvTisas - ai, ras warmoaCens warsulis istoria, istoriis RvTismetyveleba. Cveni sulkurTxeuli winaprebi madlobdnen da adidebdnen ufal RmerTs im uxvi wyalobisTvis, riTac qarTveloba gadaurCa uborotes mtrebs, daicva wmida sarwmunoeba, sulis cxonebisa da gadarCenis gza, sakuTari ena, kultura, saxelmwifo, momavlis didi imedi. niSneulia da ara SemTxveviTi, rom qarTvelma erma Tavisi saxelmwifoebrioba aRidgina axali XXI saukunis damdegs, rameTu saqarTvelos istoriis wrebrunva aseTia: yoveli aTaswleulis damdegs Zlierdeba qarTvelTa erTianoba da uCveulod Zlierdeba saxelmwifo, kultura, gavlenis sfero. ase iyo ori bolo aTaswleulis manZilze, kerZod I aTaswleulis damdegs, mociqulebis qadagebebisa da RvTismSoblis wilxvdomilobis Semdeg saqarTvelo-iberia gadaiqca kavkasiis udides da uZlieres saxelmwifod, iseT saxelmwifod, rom I-II saukuneebSi somxeTis samefo taxtzec ki qarTveli ufliswulebi adiodnen. albaneTi ki iberiis gavlenis sferoSi Sedioda. imJamindel msoflio dedaqalaq romSi qarTvel mefeebs qandakebebs udgamdnen da saxelmwifo sazRvrebs ufarTovebdnen ~or zRvas Soris~. aTasi wlis Semdegac, XI-XII saukuneebSi, saqarTvelo aseve iyo didi saxelmwifo, ganfenili nikofsiidan darubandamde. X s-is bolos kvlav aRorZinebuli saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifo II aTaswleulis damdegs gaerTianebuli Sexvda, istoria ganmeorda aTasi wlis Semdeg, XX s-is bolos kvlav aRsdga saqarTvelo da axal III aTaswleuls 21-e saukunes qarTveli eri Tavisi erovnuli saxelmwifoTi Sexvda. XIX-XX saukuneebSi ucxo imperiis mier Zaladaclili saqarTvelo TiTqosda eloda axali aTaswleulis damdegs imediTa da locviT. wmida mamebi evedrebodnen ufals ar daeviwyebina is aRTqma, romelic ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT misca yovladwmida RvTismSobels misma Zem ieso qristem - ~hoi, dedao Cemo ara ugulebelvyo eri igi sazepuro~. da marTlac, dideba ufals - III aTaswleulis damdegs man kvlav aRudgina qarTvel ers erTiani saxelmwifo. gmadlobT, ufalo, am udidesi saboZvarisaTvis. saqarTvelos aRorZinebis niSnad yoveli aTaswleulis damdegs ufalma gansakuTrebuli samlocveloebic gviboZa: I saukuneSi awyuris taZarSi dasvenebuli yovladwmida RvTismSoblis xelTuqmneli xati da WyondidSi wmida andria pirvelwodebulis xelisdadebiT aRmarTuli saswaulTmoqmedi jvari, XI s-is damdegs bagrat III-is mier agebuli taZari imJamindel dedaqalaq quTaisSi, saqarTvelos erTianobis simbolo, III aTaswleulis damdegs ki uwmidesi patriarqis ilia II-is mier TbilisSi agebuli yovladwmida samebis taZari, sadidebeli uflisa, gamaZlierebeli erisa, axali saukuneebis didebis niSani. ras gvaswavlis saqarTvelos wmida eklesiis istoria? saukuneTa manZilze, rogorc I ise II aTaswleulSi, mociqulTa mier naqadagevi wmida sarwmunoebis - marTlmadideblobis uaryofa, ucxoeTidan Semosul da mtrebis mier mxardaWeril seqtebSi gawevrianeba warwymedaa sulisa da uaryofaa erisa. am realobis amsaxveli cnoba mravladaa Cvens wignSi. Tu ara wmida mamebis sibrZne, mTeli eris Tavdadeba, kaTolike, grigoriani da mahmadiani qarTvelebi sabolood dakargavdnen erovnul cnobierebas. wmida marTlmadidebloba anu saqarTvelos wmida eklesiis wevroba erTaderTi sayrdeni, mtkice burji iyo qarTvelTa TviTSemecnebisa da sulieri gadarCenisa, gza saukuno sicocxlis mopovebisa. alamuTis auRebel cixesTan alyaSemortymuli qarTvelTa laSqari ueWvel sikvdils yovladwmida dedaRvTisam gadaarCina monRolTa batonobis dros. laSqari evedreboda qarTvelTa maradis mfarvel qalwul mariams - da Cvenc SevevedroT aseTi locviT: mowyalebisa kari gangviRe, kurTxeulo RvTismSobelo, raTa, romelni ese Sen gesavT,

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ara davecneT, aramed ganverneT winaaRmdgomTa mterTagan, rameTu Sen xar cxovreba naTesavisa qristianeTasa, amin. 7.02.06.

mcire cnobari 1
*1 Sedgenilia sxvadasxva gamocemis mixedviT. (red.). a abo Tbileli (daaxl. 757-786) - nerse qarTlis erisTavis msaxuri, tomiT arabi, romelmac qristianoba miiRo. mas mahmadianobaze dabruneba mosTxoves, magram uari Tqva, ris gamoc Tavi mohkveTes. qarTulma eklesiam wmidanad Seracxa. abos wameba aRwera VIII s-is mweralma ioane sabanisZem. agaTangelosi - V s-is somexi istorikosi. Tavis naSromSi, romelsac hqvia ~istoria~, aRwers somxeTis gaqristianebas (IV s-is damdegi). misi wigni Zveladve iTargmna qarTulad. aderki (daibada Zv.w. 30 w.) - qarTlis mefe. mefobda ax.w. 1-57 ww. mematianis cnobiT misi mefobisas iSva ieso qriste da saqarTveloSi SemobrZandnen wmida mociqulebi. adreantikuri xana - Zv.w. VIII-VI ss. adrefeodaluri xana - IV-VI ss. adreuli Sua saukuneebi, igive adrefeodaluri xana - IV-VI ss. avag mxargrZeli (gardaicvala 1250 w.) - XIII s-is II meoTxedis spasalari. mniSvnelovan rols asrulebda saqarTvelos saSinao da sagareo cxovrebaSi. roca monRolebi SemoiWrnen saqarTveloSi, nacvlad imisa, rom organizebuli winaaRmdegoba gaewia mtrisaTvis, gamagrda Tavis cixe kaenSi, xolo Semdeg dauzavda mters da masTan erTad monawileobda saqarTvelos sawinaaRmdego laSqrobebSi. avgustusi gaius oqtavianusi (Zv.w. 63 - ax.w. 14 ww.) - romis imperatori. mis dros iSva Cveni macxovari ieso qriste. avesta - iranelTa religiis - zoroastrizmis uZvelesi literaturuli Zegli, amJamad farsebis (indoeTSi mcxovrebi zoroastrelebis) da gebrebis (iraneli zoroastrelebis) saRvTismsaxuro wigni. zogierTi mosazrebiT, avesta iyo is ~wigni nebroTisa~, romelic farnavazian mefeTa saxlSi inaxeboda da icnobda mirian mefe (IV s.) da vaxtang gorgasali (V s.). azo, izoni - ~moqcevai qarTlisais~ mixedviT arian-qarTlis mefis Svili iyo. mas arian-qarTlidan anu qarTveli eris mcire aziaSi mdebare saxelmwifodan, politikuri centri gadmoutania ufro CrdiloeTiT, kerZod kimerielTa mier ganadgurebuli kolxuri kulturis arealSi. kolxeTSi mosaxleoba ar Secvlila, magram saxelmwifo kimerielebma gaanadgures. amitomac samxreTidan (~arian-qarTlidan~), CrdiloeTiT gadmoinacvla politikurma centrma, sadac azom Semoiyvana samxedro aristokratia (zeda fena), daafuZna axali saxelmwifo - ~qarTlis samefo~. ~moqcevai qarTlisais~ mixedviT misi dasavleTi sazRvari iyo Savi zRva, Crdilo-dasavleTiT md. egriswyali, dedaqalaqi ki - mcxeTa. aleqsandre I - didi (daaxloebiT 1390-1442 w. Semdeg) - saqarTvelos mefe 1412-1442 wlebSi, konstantine I-isa da naTia amirejibis Ze, zrdida bebia rusa. SeakeTa sveticxoveli, ruisis taZari da sxv. cdilobda, aRedgina saqarTvelos adrindeli sazRvrebi. 1431 w. daibruna cixe-qalaqi lore da lores veli, romlebic manamde Turqman momTabareebs epyraT. SemoierTa sivnieTi (axlandeli yarabaRi) da misi mezobeli Temebi. alagma urCi mTavrebi (dadiani, ServaSiZe, samcxis aTabagi). cdilobda qarTuli eklesiis gaZlierebas, ganaaxla ucxoeTis qarTuli monastrebi. aleqsandre makedoneli, aleqsandre didi (Zv.w. 356-323) - makedoniis mefe, mxedarTmTavari da saxelmwifo moRvawe. mTeli sicocxle omebSi gaatara. qarTul matianeTa cnobiT xeli Seuwyo pirveli erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos Camoyalibebas, romlis saxelwodeba iyo ~qarTlis samefo~. es samefo moicavda dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, Savi zRvidan somxeT-albaneTamde. misi pirveli xelisufali azo aleqsandre makedonelis ~patrikiosad~ (mxedarTmTavrad) miiCneoda.

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ambrosi zosimes Ze xelaia (1861-1927) - saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi 1921-1927 wlebSi. saeklesio da sazogado moRvawe, istorikosi, muSaobda saqarTvelos saeklesio politikur-kulturul da saistorio sakiTxebze. dakrZalulia sionis taZarSi. andria pirvelwodebuli, andria mociquli - qristes erT-erTi mowafe, saqarTveloSi qristianobis pirveli mqadagebeli. ruis-urbnisis krebis ~Zeglisweris~ cnobiT andria mociqulma iqadaga ~yovelsa queyanasa saqarTveloisasa~, saqarTveloSi, kerZod q. awyurSi daaarsa pirveli saepiskoposo kaTedra, Camoayaliba pirveli qristianuli Temebi Cvens qveyanaSi. anTropomorfuli - adamianis msgavsi. antikuri xana - dro xmelTaSuazRvispireTSi pirveli berZnuli koloniebis warmoqmnidan (Zv.w. VIII-VI ss) romis imperiis mier qristianobis saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad aRiarebamde (ax.w. IV s.). antonius piusi (86-161) - romis imperatori. antonius piusis dros romis imperia megobrobda saqarTvelos saxelmwifosTan (~qarTlis samefosTan~). man romSi miiwvia iberiis (e.i. saqarTvelos, qarTlis) mefe farsman II da sazeimo Sexvedra mouwyo. imperatorma farsmanisadmi megobrobis niSnad. gaafarTova qarTvelTa mefis samflobelo. farsman II-is samefoSi Sedioda ara mxolod dasavleTi da aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo, aramed misi gavlenis sfero moicavda somxeTsa da albaneTs, ise, rom somxeTis samefo taxtze qarTveli ufliswulebi adiodnen. arqanjelo lamberti (XVII s.) - italieli misioneri. romis kaTolikuri sarwmunoebis propagandis kongregaciis davalebiT cxovrobda da moRvaweobda saqarTveloSi odiSis samTavroSi. samSobloSi dabrunebis Semdeg 1654 w. gamoaqveyna wigni, romelSic moTxrobilia XVII s-is saqarTvelos Sua wlebis odiSis samTavrosa da saerTod saqarTvelos politikuri da socialur-ekonomikuri viTarebis, yofisa da kulturis, adgilobrivi wes-Cveulebebis, bunebrivi simdidreebis Sesaxeb. arCil mefe (stefanozis Ze. VIII s. ) - arabebis Semosevisas sataxto qalaqad quTaisi gaixada. marTavda kaxeTs, mTianeTsa da egriss, mravali cixe da eklesia-monasteri aago kaxeT-hereTSi. roca saqarTveloSi arabTa axali talRa SemoiWra WiWnaum asimis sardlobiT, eaxla WiWnaums mosalaparakeblad, rom qveyana aoxrebisgan gadaerCina. WiWnaumma mahmadis rjulze moqceva SesTavaza. arCilma uari uTxra. igi awames 744 w. 20 marts, wamebis Semdeg Tavi mohkveTes. qarTulma eklesiam arCil mefe wmidanad Seracxa. misi xsenebis dRea 21 (4.07) ivnisi. afxazebi - arian Zveli afxazebi da axali afxazebi. isini eTnikurad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan. Zveli afxazebi qarTvelebi arian, axali afxazebi ki (romlebic TavianT enaze Tavs afsuebs uwodeben, qarTul da sxva enebze ki afxazebs), eTnikurad adiRe-Cerqezuli warmomavlobisa gaxlavT. saqarTvelos daSla-danawevrebis Semdeg afsuebma SeZles afxazeTis teritoriaze fexis mokideba. qarTvelTa anu Zveli afxazebis maRali fena (ServaSiZeebi, anCabaZeebi, Cxotuebi, emxvarebi da sxv.) SeeTvisa dampyroblebs, afxazeTSi gabatonebis Semdeg afsuebi Tavisufal fenad Camoyalibdnen da maT xelqveS moeqca dabali fena - eTnikuri qarTvelebi, romlebic mona-ymis mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndnen. Semdeg qveynis mpyrobel afsuebs kuTxis (afxazeTis) saxelis mixedviT afxazebi uwodes. am axali afxazebis salaparako ena adiReur-Cerqezuli enis jgufs ganekuTvneba, Zveli afxazebisa ki qarTulia (SedarebisTvis SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom Zveli makedonielebi berZnuli warmoSobis xalxi iyo, axali makedonielebi ki slavebi arian, Zveli egviptelebi TavisTavadi qamituri eTnosi iyo, axali egviptelebi ki arabi semitebi arian). axali istoria - XIX-XX ss. b babiloni - mesopotamiis (SuamdinareTis) uZvelesi saxelmwifos dedaqalaqi. aigo Zv.w. IV aTaswleulSi. Zv.w. 538 wels sparselebma daipyres, 331 wels - aleqsandre makedonelma, xolo 126 wels sparselebma daangries. bagrat III (X s-is 60-iani wlebis damdegi - 1014 w.) - gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos pirveli mefe. man SemoierTa kldekaris saerisTavo, taos CrdiloeTi nawili (amiertao), SavSeTi, klarjeTi, samcxe, javaxeTi, afxazeTi, kaxeT-hereTi. gardaicvala taoSi, fanaskertis cixesimagreSi, dasaflavebulia bediaSi (oCamCiris raioni). basili ezosmoZRvari - XII-XIII ss-is qarTveli politikuri moRvawe, mefe Tamaris erT-erTi istorikosi. basil II (bulgarTmmusvreli. 958-102 w.) - bizantiis imperatori 976 wlidan mas aujanyda samxedro feodali barda skliarosi. basilma daxmareba sTxova saqarTvelos mefe daviT III dids, romelmac 12-aTasiani jari miaSvela Tornike erisTavis sardlobiT.

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basil II ramdenjerme SemoiWra saqarTveloSi XI s-is 20-ian wlebSi. ebrZoda saqarTvelos mefe giorgi I-s. beTlemi - iudevelTa qalaqi palestinaSi, Zveli aRTqmis mixedviT iyo daviT mefis samSoblo, axali aRTqmis mixedviT aq iSva Cveni macxovari ieso qriste. blaixStaineri robert - ix. robert blaixStaineri g gelasi kesarieli (gardaicvala 395 w.) - berZeni istorikosi, avtori Txzulebisa ~saeklesio istoria~ (dakargulia), aRwera qarTvelTa moqcevis istoria. misi Txzulebidan nawyvetebi Semonaxuli aqvT IV-V ss-is sxva berZen-romael istorikosebs. gelasi kvizikeli - V s-is berZeni istorikosi, sargeblobda gelasi kesarielis SromebiT. gviani antikuri xana - I-IV ss. gviani Sua saukuneebi - XV-XVII ss. gviani feodaluri xana - XV-XVIII ss. giorgi aToneli - ix. giorgi mTawmindeli giorgi mTawmindeli (1009-1065) - qarTveli sasuliero da sazogado moRvawe, mwerali, mTargmneli, aTonis iverTa monastris winamZRvari, sazRvargareT moRvawe qarTvelTa samecniero-literaturuli saqmianobis moTave. 1057 w. antioqiis patriarqTan gamarTul cxare kamaTSi brwyinvaled daicva qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaloba, rac eris Rirsebisa da kulturis TviTmyofadobis damadastureblad esaxeboda. giorgi siauSis Ze saakaZe, didi mouravi (daaxloebiT 1570-1629) - saqarTvelos politikuri da samxedro moRvawe, saqarTvelos gaerTianebisaTvis aqtiuri mebrZoli. grigoriani, aqedan - grigorianoba - somxuri monofizituri eklesiis wevri. somxeTis ganmanaTleblis wm. grigoris (IV s-is damdegi) saxelis mixedviT. grigorianoba somxur-grigorianuli (monofizituri) aRmsareblobaa. d daviTi (bibl.) - israelis meore mefe (Zv.w. 1055-1015). siymawvileSi mwyemsavda cxvrebs. saxalxo gmiri gaxda filistimelTa goliaTis damarcxebis Semdeg. avtoria fsalmunebisa. gamefda filistimelebTan brZolaSi mefe saulis daRupvis Semdeg. dikasteria - 1. nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo Zvel aTenSi. 2. qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi sakaTalikososTan arsebuli umaRlesi administraciul-sasamarTlo organo. daaarsa anton I-ma XVIII s-is 70-ian wlebSi. ganagebda saerTod yvela saeklesio saqmes. sasamarTlo mmarTvelobasTan erTad sasamarTlo funqciebsac asrulebda. dimitri zaqarias Ze baqraZe (1826-1890) - istorikosi, arqeologi, eTnografi. mis sxva naSromTagan aRsaniSnavia ~istoria saqarTvelosi~, XIX s-is 80-ian wlebSi gamadgurebuli pasuxi gasca qerobe patkanovs, romelic xelaRebiT uaryofda ~qarTlis cxovrebis~, rogorc istoriuli wyaros, mniSvnelobas. dinara dedofali - qarTuli matianeebis mixedviT iyo dedofali hereTisa. mis dros hereTi daubrunda qalkedonur sarwmunoebas (manamde es mxare somxur-monofizikutri eklesiis iurisdiqciis uRelqveS imyofeboda). deda-qarTul eklesiasTan dabrunebis Semdeg hereTis eklesiebSi aRsdga qarTulenovani wirva-locva. ~Coris anu derbendis~ kariT Semosulma slavma molaSqreebma X-XI saukuneebSi iveriis (anu hereTis) dedofali rusuli literaturis legendarul personaJad aqcies. dion kasiusi - ix. kasius dion koqceianusi. diofiziti - qristiani, romelic aRiarebs qristes or bunebas - adamianursa da RvTiurs (sapirispiroa monofiziti); diofiziti igivea, rac ~qalkedoniti~ anu marTlmadidebeli. diocezi - teritoriul-administraciuli erTeuli romis imperiaSi. diubua de monpere (1798-1850) - Sveicarieli mogzauri, siZveleTa mkvlevari da geologi. 1831-34 wlebSi imogzaura yirimSi, Savi zRvis CrdiloeT sanapirosa da amierkavkasiaSi. aRwera saqarTvelos danaleqi wyebebis ganamarxebuli fauna da Seadgina saqarTvelos pirveli geologiuri ruka. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevs xalxTa istoriis sakiTxebs, qarTul da somxur xuroTmoZRvrul Zeglebs. Tavis mosazrebebs gamoTqvams qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis TaviseburebaTa da istoriuli ganviTarebis Sesaxeb, magram uSvebs principul Secdomebs. dosiTeosi (1641-1707) - ierusalimis patriarqi 1669-1707 wlebSi. didad ganaTlebuli pirovneba. mTeli sicocxle kaTolikobasTan brZolas da marTlmadideblobis dacvas moaxmara. saqarTveloSi iyo pirvelad 1658 w., meored - 1681 w. urTierToba daamyara qarTlis mefe giorgi XI-sTan.

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e ebraelni - semituri tomi. adre ~ebraeli~ niSnavda meore mxridan (e.i. evfratis meore napiridan) mosuls. babilonis tyveobis Semdeg ebraelebs iudevelebs uwodebdnen. evagre pontoeli (346-399) - bizantieli sasuliero moRvawe, misi qarTuli warmoSoba berZnul da koptur literaturaSia damowmebuli. evsevi kesarieli, evsevi pamfilieli (260-sa da 263-s Soris - 340) - romaeli saeklesio mwerali, istorikosi. ezekieli - Zvel ebraelTa erT-erTi winaswarmetyveli (Zv.w. VI s.). eTno-religiuri Temebi osmaleTSi. osmaleTis imperiaSi qristianebs ar devnidnen da maTi mdgomareoba ukeTesi iyo, vidre evropis qveynebSi araqristianebisa. aseve ar idevnebodnen ebraelebic. amitom XV s-is II naxevarSi ebraelebi didi raodenobiT gadasaxldnen evropidan osmaleTSi. sulTani mehmed II (1451-1481) cnobili iyo qristianTa SemwynareblobiT. ufro metic, man qristianul religiur Temebs mianiWa oficialuri saxelmwifo statusi (maTi saqmianobisa da wesebis ganmsazRvreli debuleba). mehmed II Tavisi imperiis eTno-religiur TemSi gaerTianebul yvela qveSevrdoms utovebda sakuTar religias, enas, skolebsa da samoqalaqo kanonebsac ki. XV s-is II naxevarSi osmaleTis imperiaSi sami religiuri Temi iyo aRiarebuli: 1) berZnul-marTlmadidebluri, 2) somxur-grigorianuli, 3) iudevelTa Temi (~iehudi mileTi~). berZnul-marTlmadidebluri Temis (~rum mileTi~) - meTaurad oficialurad dainiSna konstantinopolis patriarqi Tavisi berZeni episkoposebiT. am TemSi osmaleTma kanonmdeblobiT gaaerTiana marTlmadidebeli bulgarelebi, serbebi, xorvatebi, moldavelebi, vlaxebi da mesxeTisa da lazeTis (yofili tao-klarjeTisa da e.w. giumiSxanes) qarTvelebi. maT sasuliero da samoqalaqo meTaurad axla konstantinopolis berZeni patriarqi da misi berZeni episkoposebi gadaiqcnen. kerZod sulTanma berZnul-marTlmadidebluri Temis patriarqs misca ~dacvis sigeli~, romlis mixedviTac ufleba hqonda ganexorcielebina uflebamosileba aRniSnul xalxebze (gadasaxadebis mokreba an gaTavisufleba, locvis ena, religiuri wes-Cveulebebis warmarTva). aseve osmaleTSi Seiqmna somxur-grigorianuli Temic, romlis meTaurs igive uflebebi hqonda rac ~rum-mileTis~ patriarqs. qarTveli qristianebi, romlebic ar Sevidnen rum-mileTSi, idevnebodnen, radganac miiCnevdnen ruseTis sarwmunoebrivi mimarTulebis gamtareblebad. aseTi mimarTuleba ki sastikad isjeboda osmaleTSi. xolo ~rum-mileTSi~ Sesuli qarTvelebi TandaTanobiT gaberZndnen, erovnuli TviTSemecnebis elementebi SeinarCunes mxolod mahmadianma qarTvelebma. marTlmadidebelma mesxebma da lazebma sabolood dakarges erovnuli cnobiereba. eklesiarxi - patriarqis mdivani, saqmeTammarTveli. elinisturi xana - dro aleqsandre makedonelis xanidan (Zv.w. IV s.) aRmosavleTSi romaelTa gabatonebamde (I s.). epitamia - garkveuli sasjeli, romelsac eklesia uwesebs codvis Camdens. esaia (Zv.w. 770 an 760 - Zv.w. 687 an 642) - Zvel ebraelTa politikuri moRvawe da religiis reformatori, winaswarmetyveli. eqvTime aToneli - ix. eqvTime mTawmindeli eqvTime mTawmindeli (955-1028) - sasuliero moRvawe, mTargmneli, aTonis saliteraturo skolis mamamTavari, 1005-1019 ww. aTonis iverTa monastris winamZRvari. ar darCenila arc erTi dargi sasuliero mwerlobisa, romelSic eqvTime mTawmindels gansakuTrebuli damsaxureba ar miuZRvodes. v vaxtang gorgasali (daaxloebiT V s-is 40-iani ww. - 502 w.) - qarTveli mefe, politikuri moRvawe, mxedarTmTavari. TavgamodebiT ibrZoda iranelTagan qveynis gansaTavisufleblad, misi damoukideblobisaTvis, eklesiis, rogorc eris SemakavSirebeli da saxelmwifos interesebis gamomxatveli Zalis, mTlianobisaTvis. gaaCaRa didi saqalaqo mSenebloba, aago mravali axali cixe da qalaqi, Tu eklesia-monasteri da aRadgina Zvelebi. miCneulia Tbilisis damaarseblad. vaxtang IV - saqarTvelos mefe 1443-46, aleqsandre I-is Ze. vaxtang V, Sahnavazi - qarTlis mefe 1658-75 ww., bagrationTa muxranbatonebis Stos warmomadgeneli. 1654 w. iranSi mahmadianoba miaRebines da Sahnavazi (Sahnavaz-xani) uwodes.

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vaxuSti batoniSvili (bagrationi) (1696-1757) - geografi, istorikosi, kartografi, qarTlis mefis vaxtang VI-is SviliSvili. qarTulis garda kargad icoda berZnuli, laTinuri, franguli, Turquli, rusuli da somxuri enebi. misi damsaxurebaa saqarTvelos istoriuli teritoriis pirveli safuZvliani da detaluri geografiuli aRweriloba, geografiuli atlasebis Seqmna. vaxuStis Txzuleba ~aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa~ saqarTvelos gabmuli istoriaa uZvelesi droidan XVIII s-is pirvel naxevramde. politikuri istoriisaTvis iyenebs istoriul qronologias. z zaratuStra (iranulad, berZnulad ki zoroastri) - Zveli sparsuli religiis reformatori, zoroastrizmis damaarsebeli da winaswarmetyveli. igi istoriuli piria. avestaSi aris cnobebi mis gvarze, qaliSvilsa da megobrebze. zend-avesta (sparsuli - ~wigni sicocxlisa~) zoroastruli religiis ~wminda wigni~, romelic Sedgeba sagaloblebisagan, e.w. gaTebisagan. ix. avesta. zoroastrizmi - iranuli religia, romlis damaarsebelia zaratuStra (zoroastri) Zv.w. VI s-Si. mas mazdeanobis, farsizmisa da cecxlTayvanismcemlobis saxeliTac moixsenieben. am religiis wminda kanonia avesta. T TamaraSvili mixeil petres Ze - ix. mixeil petres Ze TamaraSvili. Teodore - antioqiis patriarqi petre III-is Semdeg XI s-is Sua wlebSi. Teodore balsamoni (XII s.) - bizantieli saeklesio moRvawe, antioqiis patriarqi (1185-91 ww.). konstantinopolis II msoflio krebis (381) meore kanonis ganmartebis dros laparakobs iberiis eklesiis avtokefaliaze. Teofane - bizantieli istorikosi, aRwers VI-VII ss-is qarTlis ambebs, mefe gurgenis gamgzavrebas konstantinopolSi 571 wlis ajanyebis Semdeg. Toma mewofeci - XV s-is somexi istorikosi. igi Tavis SromebSi mniSvnelovan adgils uTmobs saqarTvelos politikuri cxovrebis aRweras. moTxrobili aqvs qarTlis Tavgadasavali daaxloebiT XIV s-is 80-iani wlebidan XV s-is 40-ian wlebamde. i ieremia winaswarmetyveli - iudeis samefos religiuri moRvawe, Zveli aRTqmis erTerTi didi winaswarmetyveli (Zv.w. VII-VI ss.). ivane gvaramaZe (1831-1912) - XIX s-is qarTveli patrioti, sazogado moRvawe da istorikosi. cxovrobda mesxeTSi. ibrZoda somxur-kaTolikuri eklesiis iurisdiqciis uRlisagan qarTveli kaTolikebis gasaTavisufleblad. devnidnen rusi moxeleebi. ivane aleqsandres Ze javaxiSvili (1876-1940) - istorikosi, sazogado moRvawe, ssrk mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosi, ivane javaxiSvilis meTaveobiTa da qarTvel mecnierTa jgufis iniciativiT daarsda qarTuli universiteti (dRevandeli Tbilisis ivane javaxiSvilis saxelmwifo universiteti). Rrma kvali datova mecnierul qarTvelologiaSi. ar darCenila istoriisa da filologiis arc erTi dargi, romlebSiac mas fuZemdebluri naSromebi ar daetovebia. dawera kapitaluri Sroma ~qarTveli eris istoria~ (5 wignad) da mravali sxva Cveni kulturisa da mecnierebebisaTvis uaRresad mniSvnelovani wigni. imamyuli-xani (XVI s-is ukanaskneli meoTxedi - 1633) - iranis sardali, gamahmadianebuli qarTveli, romelsac daevala qeTevan dedofalTan molaparakeba da misi gadabireba mahmadis rjulze. davaleba ver Seasrula, vinaidan qeTevan dedofali mtkiced idga qristianobaze da rwmenisa da samSoblos Ralats mowameobrivi sikvdili amjobina. ioane VIII (paleologosi. 1391-1448) - bizantiis imperatori 1425-48 wlebSi. ioseb flaviusi (37-100 w. Semdeg) - ebraeli istorikosi. aqtiurad monawileobda iudeis samefos politikur cxovrebaSi. romis winaaRmdeg ibrZoda, rogorc mxedarTmTavari. misi Txzulebebi Zvirfasi wyaroa Zveli aRmosavleTisa da xmelTaSua zRvis xalxebis istoriis Sesaswavlad. ioseliani platon - ix. platon egnates Ze ioseliani. iulius kapitolini - romis imperatoris antonius piusis (133-161) biografi. k kaTalikos-patriarqi ambrosi xelaia - ix. ambrosi zosimes Ze xelaia. kakabaZe sargis - ix. sargis nestoris Ze kakabaZe. kalistrate (eriskacobaSi kalistrate mixeilis Ze cincaZe - 1866-1952 w.w.) - saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi 1932-1952 wlebSi, RvTismetyvelebis kandidati. aqtiurad ibr-

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Zoda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRsadgenad. am sakiTxs miuZRvna wigni ~qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia~ (rusul enaze, 1905 w.). aqvs istoriuli da literaturuli xasiaTis mniSvnelovani gamokvlevebi da werilebi: mis kalams ekuTvnis unikaluri wigni ~Cemi mogonebebidan~ (daiwera rusulad, 1954 w. iTargmna da gamoica qarTulad 2001 w.), romelic exeba egzarqosobis periods saqarTveloSi. kapitoliumi - romSi erT-erTi goraki, romelzedac aSenebulia sasaxleebi, muzeumebi da sxv. Zvelad am gorakze moTavsebuli iyo iupiteris, minervas da iunonas taZari (Semdeg TviT am taZars ewoda kapitoliumi). kasiusi dion koqceianusi (daaxloebiT 153-235) - romaeli istorikosi. kirion I - qarTlis kaTalikosi, moRvaweobda 591-615 wlebSi. misi Rvawli ganuzomelia mSobeli eris winaSe. kirionma mwvave politikuri da religiuri brZolis viTarebaSi didi politikuri alRo, SorsmWvreteloba da erovnuli sifxizle gamoiCina. man qalkedonis krebis (451) dadgenileba uyoymanod gaiziara, somxur monofizitobas mtkiced daupirispira diofizitoba anu marTlmadidebloba da gadagvarebisgan ixsna saqarTvelos ZirZveli mxaris gugarqis qarTveloba. kirion II, eriskacobaSi giorgi ieronimis Ze saZagliSvili (1855-1918) - saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi 1917-1918 ww., saeklesio da sazogado moRvawe, mecnieri. didi amagi dasdo qarTuli kulturis popularizaciis saqmes ruseTsa da ucxoeTSi. bevr ucxoel mkvlevars gauRviZa interesi saqarTvelos warsulisadmi. mis naSromTagan gamoirCeva rusul enaze dawerili wigni ~iveriis kulturuli roli ruseTis istoriaSi~, romelic 2005 w. qarTuladac gamoica. koine ena - saerTo saxalxo ena (berZnuli sityvaa). konstantine VII (porf. irogeneti, 905-959) - bizantiis imperatori. ebrZoda arabebs. avtoria ramdenime Txzulebisa (~Temebis Sesaxeb~, ~imperiis mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb~ da sxv.). konstantine dukisi (1059-1067) - bizantiis imperatori. konstantine mociqulTaswori - (daaxl. 285-337), romis imperatori 306 w.-dan. misi nebiT Sewyda qristianTa devna, qristianoba saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad gamocxadda. mxars uWerda iqamde devnil qristianuli eklesiis mRvdelmTavrebs. moiwvia I msoflio saeklesio kreba 325 wels. korneli samsonis Ze kekeliZe (1879-1962) - filologi, literaturaTmcodne, sazogado moRvawe, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosi, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis erT-erTi damaarsebeli. didi amagi dasdo qarTuli xelnawerebis gamovlenis, Segrovebis, kvlevisa da aRwerilobis saqmes, ikvlevda rogorc qarTuli literaturis istorias, mis adgils msoflios qristianul kulturis istoriaSi, aseve qarTul-bizantiur, qarTul-sparsul literaturul urTierTobebs da a.S. korolevski - XX s-is rusi istorikosi. l lazar farpeci, farpeli (V s.) - somexi istorikosi. Tavis SromaSi, romelsac ~somxeTis istoria~ hqvia, sagulisxmo cnobebs gvawvdis saqarTvelos istoriis, istoriuli geografiisa da sxva sakiTxebis, kerZod, iranis winaaRmdeg 482 w. qarTlis ajanyebis Sesaxeb. leonide, eriskacobaSi longinoz oqropiriZe (1860-1921) - saqarTvelos kaTalikospatriarqi 1918-1921 wlebSi. iyo enamziani moqadage. misi sityvebi dabeWdilia qarTul Jurnal-gazeTebSi. calke wignadaa gamocemuli ~sityvani da moZRvrebani, qarTveli wmindanebis dReebi~ da sxv. leonti mroveli - XI s-is qarTveli moRvawe, ruisis episkoposi. mematiane, ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ erT-erTi avtori. lominaZe babilina - XX s-is saqarTvelos eklesiis istorikosi. lorTqifaniZe oTar - ix. oTar daviTis Ze lorTqifaniZe. luskuma - Zvirfasi yuTi. m mazdeanoba - Zveli sparselebis religia, cecxlTayvanismcemloba. momdinareobs umaRlesi RvTaeba ahura-mazdas saxelidan. mavrike (539-602) - bizantiis imperatori 582 wlidan. makariosi ibn al-zaim al-halabi al-antaqi (gardaicvala 1672 w. ) - antioqiis patriarqi 1647 wlidan. iyo saqarTveloSi 1664-66 da 1669 wlebSi. dasavleT saqarTveloSi gamodioda tyveebiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg. mis mier arabul enaze daweril TxzulebaSi Sesulia cnobebi dasavleT saqarTvelos Sesaxeb.

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malala - bizantieli istorikosi, avtori ~qronikisa~ (VII-VIII ss.). manuel II (paleologosi, 1350-1425) - bizantiis imperatori 1391 wlidan. cnobili iyo, rogorc mwerali. ebrZoda Turqebs. 1425 w. taxtidan gadadga da berad aRikveca. mariam dedofali - saqarTvelos mefis bagrat IV-is deda, XI s. 50-ian wlebSi diplomatiuri vizitiT imyofeboda bizantiis saimperatoro karsa da antioqiis sapatriarqoSi. mariam dedofali - qarTlis dedofali XVII s-Si, meuRle mefe rostom-xanisa da Semdeg Sahnavazisa (vaxtang V-isa), dai odiSis mTavrisa (levan II dadianisa), sparseTis mier iavarqmnil mahmadianur qarTlSi saTaveSi Caudga qarTul-erovnuli suliskveTebis aRorZinebas, gadaarCina ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ krebuli, aRadgina mravali eklesia-monasteri. mariamiseuli ~qarTlis cxovreba~, ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ nusxa, gadawerili 1633-46 wlebSi qarTlis mefis rostomis (1632-58) meuRlis mariamis brZanebiT, ris gamoc mas mariamiseuli ewoda. ~mariamiseuli qarTlis cxovreba~ dRemde moRweul xelnawerTa Soris uZvirfasesia. mari niko - ix. niko (nikoloz iakobis Ze) mari masquTTa qveyana - masquTebi cxovrobdnen kaspiis zRvis pirze Tanamedrove azerbaijanSi IV s-Si. Zveli somexi mematianeebis cnobiT wmida ninom ~gaaqristiana qarTvelebi klarjeTidan masquTebis qveynamde~. megasTene (Zv.w. IV-III ss) - istorikosi, misi cnobiT qarTvelebis sacxovrisia pontos (anu Savi) zRvispireTi (kaspiis zRvamde). mas SavizRvispireTis (istoriuli egrisis) mcxovrebni - eTnikur qarTvelebad miaCnda. miTraizi - miTra Zveli iranis, indoeTisa da zogi sxva qveynis religiaSi mzis, sinaTlis, siwmindisa da simarTlis RmerTia. aqedan religiuri mimdinareoba - miTraizmi. mixeil (gobron) pavles Ze sabinini (1845-1900) - mwerali, sazogado moRvawe, saqarTvelos siZveleebisa da sasuliero mwerlobis mkvlevari, RvTismetyvelebis kandidati. deda qarTveli hyavda (mirzaSvili), aRizarda qarTulad da mTeli cxovreba saqarTvelos msaxurebas Sealia. misi mTavari naSromia hagiografiul TxzulebaTa fundamienturi gamocema ~saqarTvelos samoTxe~ saTanado gamokvleviTurT (peterburgi, 1882 w.), romliTac fasdaudebeli amagi dasdo Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis Seswavla-popularizaciis saqmes rogorc CvenSi ise sazRvargareT. mniSvnelovania sabininis naSromebi: ~qarTuli eklesiis wmindanebis cxovrebaTa sruli aRweriloba (rusul enaze, 1872 w.), ~qarTuli eklesiis istoria~ (rusul enaze, 1877 w.). naSromebSi Tavis Tavs xazgasmiT ~iveriels~ uwodebs, amtkicebda rom eTnikuri qarTveli iyo. safiqrebelia, rom misi winaprebi garusebuli qarTveli sabinaSvilebi iyvnen. mixeil petres Ze TamaraSvili, TamaraTi (1858-1911) - qarTveli istorikosi da sazogado moRvawe. igi tragikulad daiRupa italiaSi, santa-marinelaSi, roca cdilobda, zRvaSi daxrCobas gadaerCina ucxo eris Svili. daRupvamde erTi wliT adre, 1910 w. romSi frangulad daibeWda misi umTavresi naSromi ~qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan dRemde~. es wigni ara marto qarTuli eklesiis istoriaa, aramed saqarTvelos istoriac, romelic ganaTlebul evropas obieqturad acnobda Cveni eklesiisa da qveynis warsuls da gzas uxSobda am warsulis yvela cilismwamebelsa da gamaukuRmarTebels. qarTulad daibeWda 1995 w. monoTelitoba - qristianobis erT-erTi araswori sarwmunoebrivi mimarTuleba, rasac safuZveli Caeyara bizantiis imperator herakles iniciativiT VII s-is damdegs. saqme ase iyo: V-VI ss-Si bizantiaSi, gansakuTrebiT mis periferiebSi, siriaSi, egviptesa da somxeTSi mravlad cxovrobdnen monofizitebi. imperiis centri ki diofizituri iyo da qveyanaSi samoqalaqo SeuTanxmebloba sufevda. qveynis mTlianobis SesanarCuneblad imperatorma gadawyvita, iseTi sarwmunoebrivi mimarTuleba Camoeyalibebina, romelic moarigebda diofizitebsa (e.i. marTlmadideblebsa da monofizitebs (mwvaleblebs) imiT, rom am ori mimarTulebidan aiRebda raRac elementebs, aRiarebda qristeSi erT nebas, erT nebisyofas, rac axlos dgas monofizitobasTan, amave dros ZiriTadad ar uaryofda qristes or bunebas. am mwvaleblobam didxans ver iarseba. igi daigmo konstantinopolis VI msoflio saeklesio krebaze 680-681 w.w. monofiziti - qristiani, romelic miiCnevs, rom Cvens macxovars ieso qristes mxolod erTi (~monos~) RvTaebrivi buneba aqvs. aqedan qristianuli sarwmunoebis erTerTi araswori mimarTuleba - monofizitoba. mose kalankatueli - warmoSobiT albaneli istorikosi, werda somxurad, X s. dawera ~alvanTa qveynis istoria~ (albaneTis istoria).

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mose xorneli, mose xorenaci - somexi istorikosi V s-isa. dawera ~somxeTis istoria~. es wigni iyo da amJamadac aris somexTa erovnuli patriotizmis erT-erTi wyaro. n nabuqodonosori (nabuqodonosor II) - babilonelTa mefe Zv.w. 604-561 wlebSi. 605 w. man daamarcxa faraoni nexo (nexo, nexaosi - egviptis faraoni - Zv.w. 610-595 ww. daipyro siria). 587 wels daangria ierusalimi, babilonSi ki SesaniSnavi nagebobebi aago. zogierTi berZnuli wyaros mixedviT qarTvelTa politikuri centrebi samxreTidan CrdiloeTiT gadaitana. nastakisi - sofelia mcxeTis maxloblad. aq XX s-is 80-ian wlebSi gaiTxara qristianobamdeli (ax.w. IV s-ze adrindeli) samosaxlo, sadac aRmoCnda qristianuli eklesiis naSTi - saZirkveli. niko (nikoloz) iakobis Ze mari (1864-1934) - enaTmecnieri, filologi, aRmosavleTmcodne, arqeologi, kulturis istorikosi, dediT qarTveli, mamiT Sotlandieli, daibada quTaisSi, gardaicvala peterburgSi. muSaobda qarTuli sasuliero da saero mwerlobis, enis sakiTxebze. nikoloz dvali (XIV s.) qarTveli wmidani. noe - erTaderTi adamiani, romelic warRvnis dros misi RvTismorCilebisa da patiosnebis gamo RmerTma gadaarCina Tavis ojaxTan erTad. noes vaJebma semma, qamma da iafetma dasabami misces adamianTa axal modgmas. Zveli wyaroebis mixedviT qarTvelebi iafetis STamomavlebi varT. nucubiZe Salva - ix. Salva isakis Ze nucubiZe o lorTqifaniZe oTar daviTis Ze (1930-2002) - saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosi, arqeologiuri kvlevis centris direqtori, vanis arqeologiuri eqspediciis xelmZRvaneli, humboltdis saerTaSoriso da saqarTvelos saxelmwifo premiebis laureati. misi iniciativiT daarsda (1977 w.) arqeologiuri kvlevis centri. avtoria 20mde monografiisa da 200-ze meti samecniero statiisa, romlebic daibeWda rogorc saqarTveloSi, aseve ucxoeTSi rusul, inglisur, germanul, frangul, italiur, bulgarul enebze da eZRvneba SavizRvispireTis Zveli istoriisa da arqeologiis, kavkasiis iberiis (qarTlis samefos) istoriis sakiTxebs. p parTia - saqarTvelos mezobeli saxelmwifo. Zv.w. 558-529 wlebSi kirosma sparselebi da midielebi SeaerTa da Camoayaliba Zveli sparsuli samefo, romelic Zv.w. 336-330 wlebSi aleqsandre makedonelma daimorCila. Zv.w. 256 wels sparseTis teritoriaze Camoyalibda parTTa saxelmwifo, romelic axali welTaRricxvis 226 wlamde arsebobda. piros oqropiriZe, eriskacobaSi maTe ivanes Ze oqropiriZe (1874-1922) - episkoposi. aqvs Sromebi: ~xuTwigneulis ganmarteba~, ~maTes, markozis saxareba~, ~wm. mociqul pavles samoZRvro epistole~, ~katexizmos swavlebis saxelmZRvanelo~ da mravali sxva. dakrZalulia alaverdis taZarSi. platon egnates Ze ioseliani (1809-1875) - istorikosi. gamoqveynebuli aqvs mravali gamokvleva istoriis, arqeologiisa da eTnografiis sakiTxebze. imogzaura saberZneTSi, moinaxula aTonis iverTa monasteri da Seiswavla qarTuli kulturis Zeglebi. 1860-75 wlebSi gamosca qarTvelologiuri problemebisadmi miZRvnili mravali naSromi. mniSvnelovani wvlili miuZRvis qarTuli literaturis Zeglebis Seswavlasa da gamocemaSi. igi qarTuli gamocanebis pirveli Camweria. p. ioselianis SromaTagan aRsaniSnavia ~cxovreba mefisa giorgi meaTcametisa~. pompeusi - romaeli mxedarTmTavari (Zv.w. 106-48 ww.), ganamtkica romaelTa xelisufleba siciliasa da afrikaSi. samjer airCies konsulad. ilaSqra saqarTveloSic. pius antoniusi - ix. antonius piusi. prokopi kesarieli (daaxl. 507-562 wlis Semdeg) - bizantieli JamTaaRmwereli, imperator iustiniane I-is karis istorikosi da diplomati. saxelmwifos davalebiT imogzaura msoflios mraval qveyanaSi, evropaSi, aziasa da afrikaSi. gaecno iqaur qristianTa cxovrebas. mniSvnelovani cnobebi dagvitova saqarTveloze. saqarTvelos qristianTa Sesaxeb werda - ~qarTvelebi qristianebi arian da qristianobis wesebs yvela im xalxze ukeT icaven, romelTac Cven vicnobT~.

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petre III - antioqiis patriarqi XI s-is Sua wlebSi. eWvqveS daayena saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia. Tvalsazrisi Seicvala wm. giorgi mTawmindelTan paeqrobis Semdeg. r rev marTali, rev I - qarTlis mefe III s-is Sua wlebSi, ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ cnobiT mfarvelobda qristianobas, akrZala zogi warmarTuli Cveuleba, ris gamoc ~rev marTali~ uwodes. robert blaixStaineri (1891-1954) - avstrieli enaTmecnieri, mTargmneli, eTnografi, qarTvelologi. romauli xana - periodi romis saxelmwifos mier xmelTaSuazRvispira qveynebis dapyrobidan imperiis orad gayofamde (Zv.w. 509 wlidan ax.w. 395 w-mde). romi - qalaqi dafuZnda Zv.w. 754-753. male daimorCila mTeli apeninis naxevarkunZuli, Seqmna xmelTaSua zRvis udidesi imperia, romelSic aseve Sedioda dasaavleT da samxreT-aRmosavleT evropis nawilebi, mcire azia, CrdiloeT afrikis sanapiro da palestina. emezobleboda saqarTvelos (iberias) da megobrobda masTan I-II saukuneebSi, vinaidan im epoqaSi iberia amierkavkasiis udidesi saxelmwifo iyo. rostom-xani igive rostom mefe (1632-1658), sparsi moxele okupirebul qarTlSi. warmoSobiT iyo bagrationi, sparseTSi gamahmadianebuli, moSala saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis qarTuli wesi, SemoiRo sparsuli, Tumca Zalze didi sifrTxiliT moqmedebda. sikvdiliT dasaja saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi evdemon diasamiZe, Semdeg ki misi gvamic Seuracxhyo, nariyalas cixis koSkidan gadaagdebina xelqveiTebs. mis dros qarTulma eklesiam dakarga warmmarTveli uflebebi. rostom-xanma qarTuli qristianoba RirsebiT gauTanabra sxva religiebs, somxur-monofizitursa da kaTolikurs. rusa (XIV-XV ss-is mijna) - qarTveli sazogado moRvawe, mefe aleqsandre didis aRmzrdeli bebia. is im sulkurTxeul qarTvel qalTa rigs ganekuTvneboda, romelnic ukiduresi SeWirvebis Jamsac ki amxnevebdnen didebulebsa da samefo ojaxs. monRolTa Semosevebis Semdeg qveyana nangrevebad iqca, TviT saukeTeso taZrebic Seimusra da TiTqos yvela Seegua am viTarebas, rusas ki gulze xelebi ar daukrefia, mouwodebda yvelas aRedginaT dangreuli nagebobani, upirvelesad sveticxovlis didebuli taZari. rufinusi (gardaicvala 410 w.) - romaeli saeklesio istorikosi. Tavis SromaSi Semoinaxa cnobebi wm. ninos epoqaSi qarTvelTa gaqristianebis Sesaxeb. s saakaZe giorgi siauSis Ze - ix. giorgi siauSis Ze saakaZe sabinini mixeil (gobron) pavles Ze ix. mixeil pavles Ze sabinini. saTxeveli - sasroli bade. sargis nestoris Ze kakabaZe (1886-1967) - cnobili istorikosi da filologi. gamoqveynebuli aqvs Sromebi saqarTvelos socialur-ekonomikuri da politikuri istoriis, damxmare istoriuli disciplinebis, filologiisa da teqstologiis, eTnogenezis, istoriuli geografiisa da demografiis, saqarTvelos administraciuli dayofisa da mmarTvelobis sakiTxebze. siba - saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvris ukiduresi nawili md. TeTrwyalTan. es adgili monRolebma gansakuTrebuli gulmodginebiT gaamagres da misi dacva qarTvel mefeebs daakisres. amJamad azerbaijanis centrSi, q. Samaxias maxloblad md. axsusTan (saxeli Targmania ~TeTriwylisa~) mdebareobs. simon nikolozis Ze janaSia (1900-1947) - istorikosi, enaTmecnieri, saqarTvelos da ssrk-is mecnierebaTa akademiebis akademikosi. mis SromebSi axleburadaa gaSuqebuli qarTvelTa eTnogenezis, saxelmwifos Camoyalibebis sakiTxebi. siropulosi - konstantinopolis patriarqis eklesiarxi (saeklesio saqmeTa mwarmoebeli) ferara-florenciis krebis dros. sokrate (Zv.w. 470/469-399) - Zveli berZeni filosofosi. sparseTi - iranis saxelwodeba 1935 wlamde, roca am saxelmwifos oficialurad ewoda irani. stavropigialuri - kaTalikos-patriarqis mier gamorCeuli (jvaraRmarTuli) monasteri, romelic uSualod mas eqvemdebareba da ara im eparqiis mmarTvels, sadac mdebareobs es monasteri. straboni (daaxloebiT Zv.w. 64/63 - ax.w. 23/24 ww.) - Zveli berZeni istorikosi da geografi. t

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tacitusi, publius korneliusi (daaxloebiT 55-116) - romaeli mwerali, istorikosi. troicki - XX s rusi kanonisti (saeklesio kanonmdeblobisa da simarTlis mcodne). u uxtanesi - X s. somexi istorikosi, avtoria wignisa ~istoria gamoyofisa qarTvelTa somexTagan~. misi cnobiT afxazeTi - iverielebis (qarTvelebis) qveyanaa. q qalkedoniti - igivea, rac diofiziti anu marTlmadidebeli. qalkedonSi (konstantinopolTan axlos) 451 wels Sedga msoflio saeklesio kreba, romelmac dagmo nestorianoba da monofizitoba, miiRo is marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebrivi mimarTuleba, romelic aRiarebul iqna eklesiis wmida mamaTa mier da romlis erTguli damcvelia saqarTvelos wmida eklesia. quji - ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT egrisis mmarTveli (erisTavi) farnavaz I-is dros. erisTav azos winaaRmdeg brZolaSi daexmara farnavazs da aRiara misi pirveloba, rac sawindari gaxda saqarTvelos erTianobisa. f farsman II - qarTlis (iberiis) mefe II s-is 30-50-ian wlebSi. iberiis pativsacemad romSi daidga cxenosani farsmanis qandakeba. farnavaz I - leonti mrovelis mixedviT, qarTlis (iberiis) samefos pirveli mefe da farnavazianTa dinastiis damaarsebeli. mefobda Zv.w. IV s-is miwurulsa da III s-is I naxevarSi. Caatara saxelmwifo reforma - qarTlis samefo dayo saerisTavoebad, romelTac saTaveSi erisTavebi Cauyena. qveynis erTianobisaTvis mcxeTaSi Tavis saxelze aRmarTa kerpi, romlis Tayvaniscema yvelasTvis savaldebulo gaxada da romelsac armazi uwoda. man sruliad saxelmwifo enad qarTuli mwignobruli ena SemoiRo, man SemoiRo mwignobroba qarTuli, misi samefo moicavda aRmosavleTan erTad dasavleT saqarTvelosac md. egriswylamde (md. RaliZgamde). Zveli mematianeebis cnobiT is iyo Zveli gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos pirveli mefe (da ara bagrat III). feodaluri xana - IV-XVIII ss. S Salva isakis Ze nucubiZe (1888-1969) - qarTveli mecnieri, filologi, literaturaTmcodne, kulturis istorikosi, mTargmneli, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosi, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis erT-erTi damaarsebeli. Sahnavaz-xani - ix. vaxtang V. Sua saukuneebi, igive feodaluri xana - IV-XVIII ss. - msoflio istoriis erT-erTi periodis aRmniSvneli termini, romelic ixmareba istoriis mecnierebaSi. c camcievi - XIX s-is mkvlevari-istorikosi. w wm. kvipriane (mRvdelmowame ) - misi ~Sesxma da wamebai~ aRwera grigol RvTismetyvelma (IV s.). x xaleni - elia winaswarmetyvelis (Zv.w. VI s.) mosasxami. elia (ilia) q. Tezbes macxovrebeli (aqedan ~Tezbiteli~) iyo. igi RmerTma cocxlad aRitaca zecad cecxlovani etliT. am dros eliam xaleni (mosasxami) Tavis mowafes elises dautova. xalenTan erTad elisem winaswarmetyvelebis niWi da saswaulTmoqmedebis unari SeiZina. xaleniT mravali saswauli aRsrulda. gadmocemiT xaleni amJamad sveticxovlis taZris sadiakvnis Sesasvleli karis marcxniv kedelSia (~moqcevai qarTlisais~ mixedviT wmida ninos dros gaqristianebuli ebraeli mRvdlis abiaTaris qaliSvili sidonia ambobda - ~ars ... xaleni eliasi amas qalaqsa Sina... qvaTa Sina ulpolvelad~). safiqrebelia, rom devnilma ebraelebma es udidesi sarwmunoebrivi ganZi mcxeTaSi Camoasvenes nabuqodonosoris mier. xresilis brZola - 1757 w. qarTvelTa laSqris brZola solomon I-is meTaurobiT osmalTa laSqris winaaRmdeg xresilis velze (axlandeli tyibulis raioni).

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solomon I mizanmimarTulad ibrZoda dasavleT saqarTvelos gasaerTianeblad da tyveTa sityvis asakrZalavad. aman gaanawyena mefis mowinaaRmdege Tavadebi da moRalate levan abaSiZe osmalTa jariT Semovida imereTSi. solomonma mteri sastikad daamarcxa, daatyveves da daxoces osmalTa sami faSa, brZolaSi mokles moRalate levan abaSiZec. qrisanfi - ierusalimis patriarqi XVII s-Si, igive ~qrisanTi~. j javaxiSvili ivane aleqsandres Ze - ix. ivane javaxiSvili. janaSia simon nikolozis Ze - ix. simon janaSia juanSeri - mematiane, romelsac ~qarTlis cxovrebis erT-erTi minaweriT miekuTvneba am krebulSi Sesuli V-VIII ss-is amsaxveli Txzuleba, romelic exeba dros vaxtang gorgaslis mefobidan arCilis mefobis CaTvliT. Zveli cnobebiT is iyo VIII s-is moRvawe, siZe qarTlis mefe mirisa (arCil mefis Zmisa), amJamindeli mosazrebiT XI s-is istorikosia. h herakle keisari (575-641) - bizantiis imperatori. ilaSqra sparseTSi saqarTvelos gavliT. hekatos mileteli (daaxl. 546-480 Cvens eramde) - Zveli berZeni istorikosi da geografi. avtoria ~dedamiwis aRwerilobisa~ (SemorCa nawyvetebi) da ~genealogiisa~ (SemorCa fragmentebi). misi sityviT ~mosxebi~ kolxuri tomi iyo. rac miuTiTebs qarTvelTa (e.w. ~dasavlelTa~ - ~aRmosavlelTa~) eTnikuri mTlianobis Sesaxeb qristeSobamde 600 wliT adre.

pirTa saZiebeli
a abiaTari - 16, 54 abibos nekreseli - 84 abo Tbileli - 105, 106 agaTangelosi - 51 adarnasa bagrationi - 98 aderki avag mxargrZeli - amirspasalari - 137 avgustusi gaius oqtavianusi - 19 azo - azoni - 43, 44, 46 akaki wereTeli - 245 aleqsandre makedoneli - 43 aleqsandre I didi - 152, 153, 154 aleqsandre I - ruseTis imperatori - 230 aleqsandre cagareli - 245 aleqsandre xaxanaSvili - 245 ambrosi xelaia - 246, 148, 153, 154, 155, 156, 158, 159, 164, 280 aembrosio duS anuuSi - 172 anania jafariZe - 3, 88 anastasi apokrisari - 88, 91 anastasi monazoni - 88 andria pirvelwodebuli - andria mociquli - 10, 22, 23, 24, 37, 50, 52, 114, 184 antoni - rusi mTavarepiskoposi - 267 anton martomyofeli - 84 anton I - kaTalikosi - 169, 174, 175, 202, 208, 211, 212, 225, 228 antonius hiusi - 20 ariane - 45 arkadi keisari - 81 armazi - 54 arsen iyalToeli - 123 arsen safareli - 81 arqanjelo lamberti - 22, 45, 172, 181 arRun - yaeni - 146

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arCil II - vaxtang V-is Svili - 193, 200, 201 arCili - wm. mefe (VIII s.) - 96, 97 asureli mamebi - 5 aRa-mahmad-xani - 219 aSoTan muxran-batoni - 168 aSot kurapalati 98, 105 b bagrat III - 5, 108, 109 bagrat IV - 111, 113, 117 bagrat V - 149 bakuri - 70 barTlome - mociquli - 23, 24, 52 basil II - bulgarTmmusvreli - 109 basili monazoni - 145 baRvaSebi - 127 beri egnataSvili - 186, 224 biZina ColoyaSvili - 168, 190 burnaSovi - 218 g gabriel gegenava - 179 , 180 gabriel qiqoZe - gabriel episkoposi - 254 gaiane - 53 gaim - 54 gamma - 185 garsevan WavWavaZe - 218 gac - 54 gelasi kesarieli - 35, 37, 45, 158 gelasi kvizikeli - 45, 58 giorgi brwyinvale - 136, 146, 147, 148, 149 giorgi merCule - 46, 47, 79, 96, 101, 102, 103 giorgi mTawmindeli - giorgi aToneli - 84, 112, 121 giorgi saakaZe - 174, 190 giorgi mcire - 84, 110, 111, 121 giorgi Wyondideli - 123, 124, 130 giorgi VII - 149, 151 giorgi VIII - 151 giorgi XI - 193, 194 giorgi XI - 219 grigol kaTalikosi - 183, 205 grigol xanZTeli - 47 gudoviCi - 219 guranduxti - 97 gurgen mefe - G69 d daviT aRmaSenebeli - 18, 123, 124, 125, 128, 129, 130, 133, 148 daviT garejeli - 84, 206 daviT kaWaxiZe - 252 daviT laSas Ze - 143, 144 daviT V - kaTalikos-patriarqi - 261, 265 daviT VIII - 136, 147 daviT IX - 149 daviT narini - 136 daviT ulu - 136, 144 daud-xani - 161, 169 demetre II - 136, 146 dimitri baqraZe - 51 dimitri yifiani - 238 dimitrios I - msoflio patriarqi - 272, 274

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dinara dedofali - 74, 75, 126 dion kasiusi - 20 domenti - kaTalikosi (vaxtang VI-is Zma) - 192, 207 domnius trapezunteli - 52 dosiTeosi - ierusalimeli patriarqi - 99, 182, 184, 18 ? dosiTeosi - quTaTeli mitropoliti - 230, 233 durnovi n. - 237, 249 e evagre pontoeli - 35, 45 evdemoz kaTalikosi - 168 evdemon CxetiZe - kaTalikos-patriarqi - 202 evlavi - 84 evlaTiusi - 51, 52 evsevi kesarieli - 9, 13, 33, 35 evstaTe antioqeli - 39, 65 evstaTi monazoni - 132 ezekieli - 8, 9 ezra anCeli - 109 ekaterine II - ruseTis imperatori - 231 elene dedofali - 53, 55 elia diakoni - 84 elizbar da Salva qsnis erisTavebi - 168, 190 elioz mcxeTeli - 15, 54 episkoposi ioane - 51 epifane konstantinopoleli - 21 erekle II - 193, 209, 210, 228 erekle I - nazarali-xani - 194 ermolovi 235 esaia winaswarmetyveli - 17 efremi - mawyvereli episkoposi - 101, 102 efrem II - kaTolikos-patriarqi - 126, 264, 271 efrem mcire - 22, 49, 100, 101, 121, 123, 157 eqvTime aToneli - eqvTime mTawmindeli - 121 eqvTime gelaTeli (ServaSiZe) - mitropoliti 230, 233 eqvTime TayaiSvili - 244, 245 eqvTime sayvareliZe - kaTalikos-patriarqi - 202 v varam gageli - 137, 141, 232 varlam erisTavi - 231, 232 varsqen pitiaxSi - 64 vaxtang goilaZe - 51, 100 vaxtang gorgasali - 17, 43, 44, 59, 64, 65, 68, 78, 95, 160 vaxtang III - 151 vaxtang V - Sahnavazi - 190, 193, 194, 206 vaxtang VI - 192, 193, 194, 197, 198, 199, 215 vaxuSti batoniSvili - bagrationi - 51, 89, 99, 174, 202, 221 vahan mamikoniani - 82 veliaminovi - generali - 234 voroncov-daSkovi - 243, 244 z zabuloni 52, 53 zaozerski - 245 zenon iyalToeli - 84 T Tadeozi - mociquli - 23, 24, 52 TaTe stefanwmindeli - 81 Tamaz gamyreliZe - 27

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Tamar mefe - 19, 133, 134, 135 Tedo Jordania - 84, 164, 249 Teimuraz I - 180, 184, 185, 186, 187, 189, 208 Teimuraz II - 169, 193 Temurlengi - 142, 149 Teodore - antioqiis patriarqi - 113 Teodorite kvireli - 9, 13, 39 Teodosi gangreli - 89 Teodore balsamoni - 59, 112, 274 Teodore - saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi - 152 Teofane - 69 Teofilaqte - egzarqosi - 233 Toma mewofeci Toma mociquli - 22 Trdati - 53 i iakob gogebaSvili - 245 iakob xucesi - 95 iafeti - 7, 39 ibirbzxua - 51, 52 ieremia winaswarmetyveli - 8, 9, 12 ivane abaSiZe - solomon II-is SvilivSili - 233 ivane aTabagi - 141, 144 ivane axalcixeli - 141 ivane gvaramaZe - 51 ivane sokolovi - 243 ivane javaxiSvili - 14, 28, 31, 37, 46, 58, 70, 72, 84, 126, 130, 156 iese - vaxtang VI-is Zma - 195 ilia II - kaTalikos-patriarqi - 261, 263, 265, 270, 272 ilia winaswarmetyveli - 15 ilia WavWavaZe - 175, 227, 240, 241, 243, 244, 276 imamyuli-xani - 173 ioakime - caiS-bediis mTavarepiskoposi - 157 ioane zedazneli - 84 ioane zosime - 107 ioane lazi - 31, 91 ioane mairagomeli - 83 ioane II - 119 ioane - somexTa kaTalikosi - 71 ioane VIII - 119 ioane oqropiriZe - 9 iobenali - 53 iovane episkoposi - 56, 57, 65 iona xelaSvili - 238 ioseb alaverdeli - 84 ioseb laRiaSvili - 238 ioseb flaviusi - 8, 39, 45 iese - vaxtang VI-is Zma - 195 isa-xani - iese, kaxeTis mefis levanis vaJi - 161 ise wilkneli - 84 isidore samTavneli - 84 iulius kapitolini - 20 iustiniane - 59, 70 k kalistrate cincaZe - 239, 256, 259, 260, 264, 280 karlo oragveliZe - 281 kasteli - 181 kirioni - kirion I - 71, 72, 76, 77, 82, 89, 92 kirion II - saZagliSvili - 228, 245, 246, 248, 249, 264, 276

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komitasi - somexi kaTalikosi - 83 konstantine - aleqsandre mefis Ze - 169 konstantine dukisi - 18 konstantine II - 151 konstantine VII - 109 konstantine mociqulTaswori - 13, 49, 55, 60 konstantine porfirogeneti - 115 korneli danelia - 121, 122 korneli kekeliZe - 46, 58, 84 korolevski g. - 112 l lazare farpeci - 63 laSa - giorgi - 143 levan II dadiani - 178-184 lev isavrisi - 99 leon gramatikosi - 39 leonide oqropiriZe - 237, 245, 246, 247, 248, 252, 264 leon I - 97, 98 leon II - 98 leonti mroveli - 17, 44 liparit baRvaSi - 127 longinoz karsneli 15 luarsab I - 160 luarsab II - 168, 169, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178 luka isarliSvili - 148 m mavrike - 86 mairagomeli- 83 makariosi - 99, 100 malala - 69 mamuka TavaqaraSvili - 178 manuCari - yvaryvare IV-is Zma - 162 mariam dedofali - qarTlis dedofali XVII s-Si - 16, 200, 201 mariam RvTismSobeli - 22, 143, 144, 145 markion fasiseli - 52 mataTa mociquli - 22, 23, 52 maWavariani g. - 26 megasTene - 10, 13, 33, 45 melitoni - qalkedonis mitropoliti - 272 melqisedeki - kaTalikos-patriarqi - 261, 264 melqisedek I - 93, 108 mzeWabuk aTabagi - 155, 157 miranduxti - 64 miri - 96, 97 mirian mefe - 15, 16, 37, 54, 89 miqaeli - antioqiis patriarqi - 157 miqaeli - vaxtang gorgaslis drois eklesiis meTauri - 68 miqael modrekili - 105 miqael ulumboeli - 84 mixako wereTeli - 224 mixeil TamaraSvili (TamaraTi) - 191, 228, 241 mixeil sabinini - 51 mose kalankatueli - 100 mose - curtaveli episkoposi - 76 mose xoreneli - mose xorenaci - 74, 115 mRvdeli Tevdore - 168, 174 n nabuqodonosori - 9, 12, 13, 33

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nazari leJava - 256 nana - 54 neli maxaraZe - 31 nerse iSxneli - 79 niafori - 53 niko berZeniSvili- 128 nikoloz adonci - 90 nikoloz dvali- 148 nikoloz ColoyaSvili - irubaqiZe - 184 niko mari - 46, 58, 245 noe - 7, 39, 45 o oTar lorTqifaniZe oqropiri - xunZeli kaTalikosi 114 p pavle cicianovi - 134, 232 pavle lebedevi - egzarqosi - 238, 239 pavle mociquli - 257 pavle jafariZe - 252, 256 palmosi pontoeli - 52 perozi- 64, 81 peroJavra sivnieli 57, 58 petre iberi - 31, 91 petre - qristes erT-erTi mowafe - 21 petre - pirveli kaTalikosi saqarTveloSi- 69 petre didi - petre I - 198, 215, 231 petre III - antioqiis patriarqi - 112 pietro dela-vale - 172 piros breTeli - 84 piros oqropiriZe - 248 platon ioseliani - 51 prokopi kesarieli- 69, 90, 110, 242 prokofi ratiani - 127 proxore - 147 r rev marTali - 50 rifsime - 53 robert blaixStaineri - 35 rostom-xani - rostom mefe - 177, 185, 186, 188, 189, 191 rusudan mefe - 137 rusa - 153 rufinusi - 35, 37, 45, 58 s saba mtbevari - 109 sagduxti - 64 sargis kakabaZe - 46 sargis cixisjvareli - 140 salome ujarmeli - 52, 57, 58 samZivari - 23 semi - 7 sergo vardosaniZe - 278 svimon mefe (svimon I) luarsab I-is Ze - 161, 162, 163 svimon kananeli - 22, 23, 52, 114, 174 simon janaSia - 8, 14, 48, 64 siropulosi - 119 sozomeni - 58 sokrate sqolastikosi - 35, 45

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solomon lioniZe - 225 solomon I - 211, 213 solomon II - 225, 233 sosana 53 sofroni - mitropoliti - 153 sofroniosi - nikorwmindeli mitropoliti - 230 sofroniusi - 51, 52 spenseri - 185 stefane xirseli - 84 stefane Wyondideli - 105 stafanozi - 71, 91 straboni - 39, 40 stratofile - 50, 52 sulxan-saba orbeliani - 196, 197, 198, 208 sumbat daviTis Ze - 108 t tacitusi - 19 taheri - 149 tormasovi - 231 trocki s. - 104, 112, 269 u uxtanesi - 10, 76 f farnavaz I - 10, 32, 43, 96 farsadan gorgijaniZe - 189 farsman I - 84 filadelfos kiknaZe - 237 q qami - 7 qerim-xani - 216 qeroZe patkanovi - 129 qrizostomosi - konstantinopoleli patriarqi - 273 qristefore cicqiSvili - 259, 260, 265 qsenofonte - 45 quji - 10, 43 y yazan-yaeni - 142 yvaryvare aTabagi - 151, 154, 155 yvaryvare IV - 157 S Salva axalcixeli- 141, 144 Salva nucubiZe - 36 Salva qvenifneveli - 142 Salva qsnis erisTavi - 168, 190 SanSe mandaturTuxucesi - 141 Sah-abas I - 185 Sah-abas II - 168, 174, 185, 190 Saharmeni - 149, 160 Sah-Tamazi - 160 Sahnazar-xani - 193 Sahsefi - 185 Sio mRvimeli - 84 SoTa mesxia - 129 SoTa ZiZiguri - 35, 41

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C CaRata noini - 140, 145 Cingiz-xani - 136 Cudecki - 238, 239 c camcievi r. - 51 cotne dadiani - 140 cxra Zma xerxeuliZe diT - 168 w wm. wm. wm. wm. wm. wm. wm. wm. wm. wm. wm. aleqsi beri (SuSania) - 277 giorgi - 52 daviTi - 254 didmowame qeTevan dedofali - 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173 dodo - 206 konstantine - 254 maqsime aRmsarebeli - 88, 90, 91, 92 miqael aRmsarebeli - 87 nino - 5, 37, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 74, 78, 107 raJdeni - 84 Sio - 254

x xosro mefe - 70, 77 xosro II - 86 xrisanfi - qrisanTi - 99, 183 j jalaledini - 144, 145 juanSeri - 17, 43, 44, 96, 97 h hekatos mileteli - 9 herakle keisari - 77, 78, 83, 88 herodote - 45 hulagu-yaeni - 142

Sinaarsi
meufe anania - akaki bregaZe 3 Sesavali 7 qarTveli xalxis momzadeba uflis misaRebad 12 Tavi I. I-III saukuneebi saxelwodeba da mimarTuleba qarTuli eklesiisa 18 saqarTvelo mociqulTa dros 19 wm. andriasa da sxva mociqulebis qadageba saqarTveloSi 21 wm. andrias mimosvla saqarTveloSi 22 mociqulTa mier daarsebuli pirveli avtokefaluri eklesiebi 24 qarTuli eklesiis samwyso 25 saerTo qarTuli - koine - ena 26 saerTo teritoria da saerTo saxelmwifo 32 fsiqikuri wyobis erToba 1. saerTo kulti - erTmorwmuneoba 36 2. qarTuli tomebis saerTo kultura 38 3. ekonomikuri kavSiri dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos Soris 39 4. qarTvelebis saerTo warmoSoba, sisxliT naTesaoba 39 qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi 43 1. ~qarTlis~ sazRvrebi da qarTvelTa vinaoba leonti mrovelis mixedviT 43 2. qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis dasavleTis sazRvrebi vaxuStis mixedviT 44

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zogierTi berZeni da romaeli istorikosis mixedviT ~kolxeTi~ ~iberiaSi~ Semavali qveyanaa 45 ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ simarTle 46 Tavi II. IV saukune saqarTvelo IV saukuneSi 48 gza qristianobisa I saukunidan wmida ninomde 49 saqarTvelos wmida eklesiis meTaurebi I-II s-Si (wmida ninomde) 52 wm. ninos cxovreba (~qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT) 59 qarTlis moqcevis wyaroebi 57 qarTuli eklesiis uflebrivi mdgomareoba 59 mociqulTaswor wm. ninos dros gaerTianebuli (organizebuli) saqarTvelos erTiani eklesiis meTaurebi (maT rusi-urbnisis kreba episkopos-kaTalikosebs uwodebs) 61 Tavi III. qarTuli eklesia V s-Si qveynis zogadi mdgomareoba V s-Si 62 sparsuli orientaciis saeklesio dajgufebani 65 saqarTvelos sakaTalikosis daarseba 66 Tavi IV. qarTuli eklesia VI saukuneSi zogadi mimoxilva 69 qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi VI saukuneSi 71 saeklesio enebi albaneTSi, hereTSi, gugarqsa da dasavleT saqarTveloSi VI-VII saukuneebSi 1. saeklesio ena albaneTSi 72 2. saeklesio ena hereTSi 72 3. saeklesio ena gugarqSi anu qvemo qarTlSi 75 4. saeklesio ena dasavleT saqarTveloSi 78 5. saeklesio ena tao-klarjeTSi 79 arsen safarelis Txzuleba ~ganyofisaTvis qarTvelTa da somexTa~ 81 asureli mamebi monofizitobis winaaRmdeg 84 Tavi V. qarTuli eklesia VII saukuneSi qveynis zogadi mdgomareoba VII saukuneSi 86 dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio iurisdiqcia VII saukuneSi wm. maqsime aRmsareblis cxovrebis mixedviT 87 ganyofa da Semdgomi urTierToba qarTul da somxur eklesiaTa Soris 92 qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo eklesiad gamocxadeba VII saukuneSi 93 mose kalankatuelis mier aRwerili zogierTi ambavi, dakavSirebuli qarTuli eklesiis istoriasTan 94 Tavi VI. qarTuli eklesia VIII-X saukuneebSi ~qarTlis~ istoriuli geografia VIII saukunisaTvis 95 saqarTvelos zogadi mdgomareoba VIII-X saukuneebSi 96 afxazeTis sakaTalikosos daarseba 99 mironis kurTxevis Sesaxeb 100 qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia IX saukunis javaxeTSi Semdgari krebis mixedviT 104 abo Tbilelis ~qarTvelobis~ Sesaxeb 105 somxuri eklesiis zegavlenis daZlevis mniSvneloba qarTveli erisaTvis 106 Tavi VII. qarTuli eklesia XI saukuneSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqos daarsebis politikuri safuZveli XI saukuneSi 108 qarTuli eklesiis devna 1021-1054 wlebSi bizantia-saqarTvelos omis dros 109 qarTuli eklesiis uflebaTa (sapatriarqo Rirsebisa da sxv.) aRiareba 1054-1057 wlebSi 111 saqarTvelos sapatriarqos struqtura da iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi 113 qarTul eklesiaSi miRebuli Tvalsazrisi saqarTvelos sapatriarqos daarsebis kanonikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb 115 1. diptiqis Sesaxeb 116 2. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos adgili marTlmadideblur diptiqSi 117 3. qarTuli eklesiis VI adgili ferara-florenciis ~msoflio~ saeklesio krebaze 118 4. qarTuli eklesiis Sinagani diptiqi 120 didi mTargmnelebi 121 Tavi VIII. qarTuli eklesia XII saukuneSi

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mefe daviT aRmaSenebeli - morCili berisa 123 eklesia - qarTuli qveynebis gamaerTianebeli 125 yivCaRTa Camosaxleba 128 ruis-urbnisis kreba 129 Tavi IX. Tamari - wmida keTilmsaxuri mefe 133 Tavi X. qarTuli eklesia XIII saukuneSi zogadi mimoxilva 136 suli Tavdadebisa 136 deda RmrTismSobeli - Semwe qarTvelTa 143 Tavi XI. qarTuli eklesia XIV saukuneSi mefe giorgi brwyinvale 146 Cvidmetwliani samamulo omi 149 Tavi XII. qveynis saerTo mdgomareoba da qarTuli eklesia XV saukuneSi 151 ~mefeTa-mefe monazoni aleqsandre didi~ 152 qarTuli eklesiis Tavdadebuli brZola saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi erTianobisaTvis 154 erovneba da sarwmunoeba 158 Tavi XIII. saqarTvelo da qarTuli eklesia XVI saukuneSi iyo saqarTvelo uvno mterTagan 163 kuTxurobis anu Temobriobis aRorZineba erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos daSlis Sedegad 165 Tavi XIV. qarTuli eklesia XVII saukuneSi wmida didmowame qeTevani - mnaTobi saqarTvelosi 166 wmida mefe luarsab II 174 ~qarTvelobisTvis~ safuZvlis gamocla 175 ~xelmwife iveriisa~ - levan dadiani, qarTuli social-politikuri sistemis -~ qarTvelobis~ damcveli 178 mefe Teimuraz I-is brZola ~qarTvelobisaTvis~ 185 qarTuli eklesia tyveTa syidvis winaaRmdeg 191 Tavi XV. qarTuli eklesia XVIII saukuneSi brZola ~gamoxsnisa~ da ~aRdgomisaTvis~ 192 evropuli (kaTolikuri) orientacia da misi kraxi 195 vaxtang VI-is rusuli orientacia da misi kraxi 197 vaxtang VI-isa da muxranel bagrationTa didi ojaxis mamuliSviloba 199 eklesiis Sinauri yofa anton I-mde 202 mironcxebul mefeTa taxtis aRdgena - ~qarTvelobis~ gamarjveba 208 saqarTvelo qarTvelobis gamarjvebis Semdeg 209 didi kaTalikosis epoqa 211 didi Ralati 213 suli erTobisa 220 Tavi XVI. qarTuli eklesia XIX-XX saukuneebSi Sesavali226 qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba 228 saxalxo ajanyeba avtokefaliis dasacavad 233 eparqiaTa gauqmebiT gamowveuli mZime sarwmunoebrivi Sedegebi 235 avtokefaluri moZraobis dawyeba 238 wmida ilia marTlisa da qarTveli mRvdelmTavrebis brZola avtokefaliis aRsadgenad 240 saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena 246 saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgena 1918 wlis 26 maiss da qarTuli eklesia 251 saqarTvelos xelmeore okupacia ruseTis mier 1921 wlis 25 Tebervals da qarTuli eklesia 252 qarTuli eklesia aTeistebis batonobis dros 253 qarTuli eklesiis krebebi da struqtura 264 avtokefaluri moZraobis dagvirgvineba 266 Tavi XVII. saqarTvelos saxelmwfios aRorZineba erovnuli saxelmwifosa da erovnuli eklesiis urTierToba 276 saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis damaxinjeba sabWoTa epoqaSi 280 yovlad wmida samebis taZris aRmarTva TbilisSi 282 mcire cnobari 285

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