Marine Composite Design Methods for Ship Structures Course

Mar|ne Compos|tes
ueslgn MeLhods for Shlp SLrucLures

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Senlor Llecuve - Sprlng 2013 page 0
Mar|ne Compos|tes
Webb Insntute
Sen|or L|ecnve
Spr|ng, 2013
Des|gn Methods for Sh|p Structures
Lrlc Creene, naval ArchlLecL
LCAssoc[aol.com
410.263.1348
410.703.3023 (cell)
hup://erlcgreeneassoclaLes.com/webblnsuLuLe.hLml
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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Compos|te Sh|ps
1he nt|e page from L|oyd's keg|ster ku|es for Compos|te Sh|ps, 1866
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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Des|gn Methodo|ogy
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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Des|gn 1oo|s
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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Compare to
Aerospace Structures
Northrop 8-2
8eech Starsh|p V1 Sh|pbu||d|ng M|rabe||a V
MC1CW: 400,000 lbs
LmpLy WelghL: 120,000 lbs
ComposlLes: 80,400 lbs
Carbon-epoxy auLoclave
Wlngspan 172 feeL
ComposlLe cosL: ~$10,000/lb
ueslgn sLress: ~40,000 psl
MC1CW: 14,900 lbs
LmpLy WelghL: 10,120 lbs
ComposlLes: 3000 lbs
Carbon-epoxy auLoclave
Wlngspan: 34.3 feeL
ComposlLe cosL: ~$1,000/lb
Cross WelghL: 1,710,000 lbs
LmpLy WelghL: ~1,200,000 lbs
ComposlLes: ~700,000 lbs
kevlar-Class-vlnyl LsLer
LengLh 247 feeL
ComposlLe cosL: ~$100/lb
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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1ypes of Loads
from !"# %& '%()%"*+# ,-+#.*-/" *0 1%-234#-.*05 ,-.*0# 6+.78+7.#"," 1990, nauonal 8esearch Councll
uv exposure
re and smoke
waLer absorpuon
sea waLer corroslon
Lnv|ronment
equlpmenL foundauons
hydrosLauc
Creep
hlgh cycle (whlpplng, vlbrauon, waves)
low cycle (dlves)
Iangue
nolse, acousucs
wave acuon, cavlLauon
sLrucLural dynamlcs (slammlng, whlpplng, machlnery, rlgglng)
shock (>130m/sec) (alr and waLer)
Dynam|c
Lhermal loads (re)
conLacL loads (docklng, assembly, eLc.)
large ouL-of-plane loads (pressures, deecuons)
comblned ln-plane loads (buoyancy, cargo)
Stanc
Spec|hc 1ype Category
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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8ouom Des|gn I|ow Charts
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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Determ|ne In-Serv|ce roh|e
uSCC 47-fooL MoLor LlfeboaL
Larson 98 Model 226 Lxl Adverused
for Sale: used very llule"
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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Amer|ca's Cup
C8ACLL 1LAM uSA chose uassaulL SysLemes' 3uLxL8lLnCL plauorm
appllcauons Lo deslgn and slmulaLe Lhe boaL's composlLes layups, whlch are
crlucal Lo opumlzlng lLs sLrengLh/welghL rauo. uassaulL SysLemes' clalms Lhe
3uLxL8lLnCL plauorm lnLegraLes composlLes deslgn, slmulauon and
manufacLurlng soluuons.
Cracle 1eam's AC72 folls on her
fourLh day of Lesung. San
lranclsco, 1 CcLober 2012. hoLo:
Cullaln Crenler / Cracle 1eam uSA
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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REINFORCEMENT
Composition
Architecture & Thickness
Orientation
RESIN
Strength
Ultimate Elongation
CORE
Material
Density
Thickness
ALLOWABLE LAMINATE
STRESS
In-Plane & Shear
Membrane Effects
BULKHEAD SPACING
LONGITUDINAL SPACING
Consider end conditions of
panel at bulkhead and
stiffener attachment points
Optimize transverse and
longitudinal spacing
based on strength and
layout requirements
CONSTRUCTION
Solid or Sandwich
One-Off or Production
Consider life-cycle
requirements of the vessel
to determine expected
wave encounter in terms
of height and frequency
DETERMINE PANEL SIZE
Aspect Ratios
Dimensions
INITIAL MATERIAL SELECTION
Reinforcement
Resin
Core
ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION
Outfitting Considerations
Material Strain Limits
Consider Dynamic
versus
Static Material
Properties
BOTTOM
LAMINATE
DEVELOP DESIGN PRESSURE
Hull Geometry
Vessel Speed
In-Service Conditions
Design Criteria
8ouom Lam|nate Des|gn
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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nu|| as a Long|tud|na| G|rder
vessel ln Pogglng Condluon
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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kequ|red M|dsh|p
Moment of Inerna
A8S CuluL for Plgh Speed naval Cra, 2007 arL 3 , Chp 2, SecL 1, rlmary Pull SLrengLh
Mater|a| C k, 10m k, 30m k, S0m k, 70m k, 90m
SLeel
1.0 for ordlnary sLeel
0.78 for P32 sLeel
0.72 for P36 sLeel
1.0 10.89 16.30 22.10 27.40 33.00
Alumlnum
0.9 + 113/o
y
633/(o
y
+ o
u
)
0.9 3.63 3.30 7.37 9.13 11.00
ComposlLes
400/0.73 o
u
0.8 0.36 0.33 0.74 0.91 1.10
lor composlLe lamlnaLes wlLh modulus greaLer Lhan A8S baslc lamlnaLe, k may
be ad[usLed by Lhe rauo of L
o
/L
b
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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Long|tud|na| G|rder
Compos|te Mater|a| Concepts
Crlucal deslgn conslderauon for long, slender hulls
Conslder haullng/blocklng loads ln addluon Lo SW8M
LonglLudlnal glrder suness crlucal for propulslon sha
allgnmenL ln power boaLs and headsLay Lenslon for sallboaLs
unldlrecuonal relnforcemenL on Lhe Lop of longlLudlnal
lmproves global as well as local sLrengLh and suness
Maxlmlze Lhe use of longlLudlnal bers ln bouom and deck,
use 43 bers (double-blas) near neuLral axls
Maxlmlze Lhe amounL of conunuous longlLudlnal
relnforcemenL (wlLhouL seams) ln mldshlp area
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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Deve|op Des|gn ressure
1hree-ulmenslonal Slammlng Slmulauon
by Cermanlscher Lloyd AC
ressures 8ecorded
by Peller and !asper
on aLrol Cra aL 28
knoLs
from 946 :;<= >7/#" &%. >#*0&%.8#2 ?/-"@8
A#""#/", Secuon 7
8ule-8ased ueslgn ressure
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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Sa||boat nu|| Loads
Loads acnng on a vesse| wh||e under sa||
Larsson, L. and Lllasson, 8.L., rlnclples of ?achL ueslgn, 1994, Camden, Malne, lnLernauonal Marlne
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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Mu|nhu|| Structure
LLCD'S kLGIS1Lk >!1B6 9CD >BE!19FGHC6 IH> FJB
'1966GIG'9FGHC HI 6?B'G91 6B>AG'B '>9IF, !uly 2010
ScanLllng ueLermlnauon for Mono-Pull Cra
Lnd connecnon deta||, wet-deck structure ke|nforcement arch|tecture
se|ected to res|st g|oba| |oads
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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Mu|nhu|| and Surface Lect
Sh|p Cons|deranons
1orslonal loads may be deslgn-llmlung for muluhulls,
SLSs, and vessels wlLh large deck openlngs
43 bers (double-blas) or unldlrecuonals allgned 43
can be eecuve Lo reslsL Lorslonal loads
Lnsure LhaL 43 bers are conunuous, mlnlmlzlng buu
[olnLs
lor caLamarans, Lhe deslgn Lransverse bendlng momenL
musL be calculaLed Lo deLermlne Lhe load acung on Lhe
cross sLrucLure connecung Lhe hulls
1ermlnauon of muluhull Lransverse sLrucLure aL Lhe
maln hulls ls a crlucal deslgn elemenL
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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Deck Des|gn I|ow Charts
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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1yp|ca| Deck L|ve Loads
1ype of Compartment
L|ve Load
ka ounds]h
2

Llvlng & conLrol spaces, omces (maln deck & above) 3.39 73
Llvlng spaces (below maln deck) 4.79 100
Cmces & conLrol spaces (below maln deck) 7.18 130
Shop spaces 9.38 200
SLorerooms 14.36 300
WeaLher poruons of maln deck 11.97 230
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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r|or|nze Des|gn Goa|s
Norsafe Free-Fall Lifeboat
Strength
Snness
Americas Cup Yacht STARS and STRIPES
Cosmencs
Hinckley's Picnic Boat
Cost
Sunfish Built by Vanguard Sailboats
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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Deve|op Deck Geometry
ulsLrlbuuon of LonglLudlnal SLress aL PaLch
Cpenlng from C.S. SmlLh
ueck 8uckllng Mode near PaLch Cpenlng
from C.S. SmlLh
edlgree 323 CaLamaran
Showlng Spaclous lnLerlor
(SLyllng by hll AylsworLh)
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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Comp|ex Deck Geometry
roducuon deck assembly bullL by Sabre ?achLs lnfuslon of laLhom 40 ln AnacorLes, WA, uSA
labrlcauon Challenges - Lnsure llber
WeL-CuL and Avold llber 8rldglng
ueslgn Challenge - Avold
SLress ConcenLrauon
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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In|na| Mater|a| Se|ecnon
ke|nforcements
kes|ns
Cores
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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Deck Lam|nate Des|gn
PRIORITIZE DESIGN GOALS
Strength
Stiffness
Cosmetics
Cost
DECK GEOMETRY
Largest Span
Stress Concentrations
GREEN WATER LOAD
Vessel Geometry
Sea State
FABRICATION
Producibility
Material Availability
DECK DEPTH RESTRICTIONS
Headroom Requirements
Outfitting Accommodation
BULKHEAD SPACING
DECK PERIMETER
Develop deck structure
drawing based on
geometric
considerations
CONSTRUCTION
Solid or Sandwich
Male or Female Deck Mold
DETERMINE PRELIMINARY ARRANGEMENT
Deckhouse
Cockpit
REINFORCEMENTS for HARDWARE
HATCH OPENINGS
NON-SKID REQUIREMENTS
DECK & DECK STIFFENER
LAMINATE SCHEDULES
Develop deck load predictions to
determine deck scantlings and
materials
IN-SERVICE HEAT EXPOSURE
CREW, EQUIPMENT & CARGO LOADS
Weights & Footprints
Accelerations
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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LASS ro[ect
1. PerLzberg, LASS, LlghLwelghL ConsLrucuon Appllcauons aL Sea, S 1echnlcal 8esearch lnsuLuLe of Sweden, Mar 2009.
1he LASS pro[ecL focused on
developlng llghLwelghL re
proLecuon sysLems for
alumlnum and composlLe
consLrucuon! 1yplcal welghL
reducuon when uslng
alumlnum or l8 composlLes
have been over 30
compared Lo a convenuonal
sLeel deslgn and cosL analysls
has demonsLraLed posslble
pay-back umes of 3 years or
less for Lhe llghLwelghL
maLerlal lnvesLmenL."
1he LASS pro[ecL
demonsLraLed LhaL a 30
welghL savlng could be
achleved for Lhe marlume
plauorms shown.
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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Compos|te Superstructure
SLeel supersLrucLure welghL ~ 600 Lons,
C8 sandwlch welghL ~ 300 Lons
[8oberL eLersson, kCCkuMS, 2003]
Commerc|a| Sh|p Superstructure
ro[ecLed welghL savlngs: 13-19 L1
kC lmprovemenL: 0.022
A|rcrah Carr|er Is|and
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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Compare Manufactur|ng
and L|fe-Cyc|e Costs
verslon 0: alumlnum.
verslon 1: Sandwlch wlLh glass/vlnylesLer.
verslon 3: Sandwlch wlLh carbon/vlnylesLer.
verslon 3A: verslon 3 wlLh Lwo waLer [eL propulslons and 33 smaller fuel Lank.
kurL Clofsson, Case sLudy W3a, a hlgh-speed cra wlLh composlLe hull," LASS-S reporL 200913.
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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Compare Manufactur|ng Costs
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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Compare L|fe-Cyc|e Costs
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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L|fe Cyc|e Cost
n|gh Speed Ierry L|fe Cyc|e
Cost Compar|son
8oberL eLersson, kCCkuMS, 2003
roduct ||fe-cyc|e cost
re|ated to the des|gn process
Pee !ln kanga, ?oung-Soon ?angb, !ln Chola,
!ong-kap Leea, and uongkon Leea, 1lme basls
shlp safeLy assessmenL model for a novel shlp
deslgn," Ccean Lnglneerlng
volume 39, 1 lebruary 2013
Mar|ne Compos|tes
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Annua| growth rate of U.S. compos|tes consumpnon |n
mar|ne |ndustry and boat un|t sa|es [Luc|nte|]
Compos|te 8oats

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Mar|ne Compos|tes

ueslgn MeLhods for Shlp SLrucLures

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