Concepts Concrete our architecture is what we choose to bestow upon it. Compartmentalization of the labor of construction.

. With concrete, organizing parts of labor instead of geometric parts. interpretation of Pliny the Elders story - rawing is a shared, distributed labor e!isting in ad"ance of architecture. #icromegas $$$ ouble %atures& 'he ichotomies of the (rid )eps grid gi"es order and ease for building. Easy to speculate land Chicago, territories ac*uired, "alue increased in con+ecture of canal, then railroads. ,gnores topography, the natural shape of the land, and all principles of ci"ic beauty. Practicality o"er design. -oolhaas grid is the base for design. #an inflicts his own order upon nature. %ew .or/ is the clima!, the apotheosis of the gridiron. land unoccupied, population con+ectured. #ental construction o"er reality, conceptual speculation 0123. 4rdered and fluid -5 structure and creati"ity. 'he grid is the can"as. Each bloc/ holds a separate and uni*ue architectural "ision. Central Par/ 6 manipulation of nature 7etween )eps and -oolhas& 8lthough )eps was correct that the grid se"erely limits many traditional elements of ci"ic design, he failed to foresee the "ast possibilities in building upwards that -oolhaas illustrates. -rauss grid suffocates creati"ity. #aterialism9 :staircase to the ;ni"ersal< =plit between spirit and matter, forcing modern artists to choose between sacred and secular. 'ried to choose both art became a secular form of belief. (rid deals with materialism 0logic, science3 on the surface 0no pun intended3, pro"ides release into belief 0illusion, fiction3 0>?3 grids re+ect a narrati"e or se*uence myth structural analysis hold both contradictory "iews grid allows science and spirit to coe!ist in modernism in a repressed form 0>>3 grid in physiological optics 0>@3 symbolism metaphysical, not mundane $windows transparent 0light, spirit3 and reflecti"e 0mirror, duplication3 0>A3 flowing " freezing :schizophrenia< centrifugal outwards, suggests continuity with world, modelBsmall piece of the general 0CD3 positi"ist, science, materialistic centripetal within the frame, :complete and internally organized<

 symbolist, spiritual 7ut this is untrue. Eoo/ at wor/s of 'his is etiology 0cause3, not history 0de"elopmental, connections and cumulati"e effect3. 0C?3 art " reality materialism " belief creati"ity " practicality