ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES ORDINARIAS

Formulario: Transformada de Laplace

Andrs Merino
1 Deniciones
1. Transformada de Laplace:
L [ f (t)] =
_

0
e
st
f (t) dt.
2. Funcin Gamma:
(x) =
_

0
e
t
t
x1
dt.
3. Funcin Beta:
(x, y) =
_
1
0
u
x1
(1 u)
y1
du.
4. Funcin de Heaviside o funcin de salto unitario:
u(t a) =
_
1 si t > a,
0 si t < a.
5. Convolucin:
f (t) g(t) =
_
t
0
f (u)g(t u) du.
6. Delta de Dirac
(t a) =
_
si t = a,
0 si t = a.
2 Principales transformadas
1. L [cos at] =
s
s
2
+ a
2
, s > 0,
2. L [sen at] =
a
s
2
+ a
2
, s > 0,
3. L [cosh at] =
s
s
2
a
2
, s > |a|,
4. L [senh at] =
a
s
2
a
2
, s > |a|,
5. L
_
e
at

=
1
s a
, s > a,
1
6. L [t

] =
( +1)
s
+1
, > 1 y s > 0,
7. L [t
n
] =
n!
s
n+1
, n Ny s > 0,
8. L [(t a)] = e
as
, para todo s,
9. L [u(t a)] =
e
as
s
, s > 0.
3 Propiedades
3.1 Funcin Gamma
G1. (x +1) = x (x),
G2.
_
1
2
_
=

,
G3. (n +1) = n!, para todo n N.
3.2 Funcin Beta
B1. (x, y) =
(x) (y)
(x + y)
.
3.3 Funcin de Heaviside o funcin de salto unitario
U1.
f (t) =
_

_
f
1
(t) si t < t
1
,
f
2
(t) si t
1
t < t
2
,
f
3
(t) si t
2
t < t
3
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
f (t) = f
1
(t) + u(t t
1
)[ f
2
(t) f
1
(t)] + u(t t
2
)[ f
3
(t) f
2
(t)] + .
3.4 Convolucin
C1. [ f (t) g(t)] h(t) = f (t) [g(t) h(t)],
C2. f (t) g(t) = g(t) f (t).
3.5 Delta de Dirac
D1. u

(t a) = (t a),
D2.
_
b
a
f (t)
(n)
(t t
0
) dt =
_
f
(n)
(t
0
) si t
0
(a, b),
0 si t
0
(a, b).
2
3.6 Transformada de Laplace
L1. Linealidad: La transformada de Laplace tiene inversa, y ambas son lineales.
L2. Transformada de la derivada:
L
_
f

(t)

= sL [ f (t)] f (0),
L
_
f

(t)

= s
2
L [ f (t)] s f (0) f

(0),
L
_
f
(n)
(t)
_
= s
n
L [ f (t)]
n

i=1
s
ni
f
(i1)
(0).
L3. Transformada de la integral:
L
_
_
t
0
f () d
_
=
1
s
L [ f (t)] ,
L
1
_
1
s
(s)
_
=
_
t
0
L
1
[(s)] dt.
L4. Traslacin en la base:
L
_
e
at
f (t)

= L [ f (t)]

s=sa
,
L
1
[(s a)] = e
at
L
1
[(s)] .
L5. Derivada de la transformada:
L [t
n
f (t)] = (1)
n
d
n
ds
n
_
L [ f (t)]
_
,
L
1
_

(n)
(s)
_
= (1)
n
t
n
L
1
[(s)] .
L6. Traslacin:
L [u(t a) f (t a)] = e
as
L [ f (t)] ,
L
1
_
e
as
(s)

= u(t a) L
1
[(s)]

t=ta
.
L7. Funcin peridica: (con periodo p)
L [ f (t)] =
_
p
0
e
st
f (t) dt
1 e
ps
.
L8. Convolucin:
L [ f (t) g(t)] = L [ f (t)] L [g(t)] ,
L
1
[(s)(s)] = L
1
[(s)] L
1
[(s)] .
3