A

fallacy where someone makes an assertion where the conclusion assumes the premise. makes the same claim as the

Evidence

argument

 Movies

are popular because they make so much money. They make a lot of money because people like them. People like them because they are so popular.

position is not tenable because by accepting the position one would also have to accept the extreme position. that the negative outcome is inevitable and unalterable.

Argues

Example: If you don't like Slippery Slope arguments, you will do poorly in class, fail the test, get kicked out of school, never get into college, and go to jail.

 Someone

tries to divert your attention away from the subject or argument by introducing a new topic. is a defense technique often employed when the person realizes you have a logical and sound argument forming.

This

 Does

not follow a logical sequence.

Example:

The rain came down so hard that Jennifer actually called me. Rain and phone calls have nothing to do with one another, nor does the force of rain affect Jennifers decision to pick up the phone.

logical fallacy in which the writer makes the assumption that because one event follows another, the first is the cause of the second. He got into an accident because it was Friday the 13th. Eating five candy bars and drinking two sodas helps me get better grades. I did that and got an A on my last test in history

Example:

Example:

 Base May

an argument on insufficient evidence.

draw conclusions too quickly and not consider the whole issue. at a small group as a representative of the whole.

Looking

 Concluding

that all English nerds are bad at math because your friends (who love English) are bad at math is a hasty generalization. is also an example of this.

Stereotyping

logical fallacy in which the writer uses a statement or argument that leaves out relevant considerations about an issue.

Example: World hunger can be solved by giving everyone food.

 Where

someone tries to justify their position by how many others support it.

Example: It doesnt matter if all 7 billion people on the planet believe a thing it doesnt make it true. A thing is either true or false and this reality is independent of how many humans adopt it. After all we used to believe the earth is flat.

logical fallacy in which the writer uses the argument that because everyone believes in something, it must be true. Example: George was not a fan of the St. Louis Cardinals until they won the World Series.

 Reduces Most

complex issues to A or B choices.

often issues will have a number of choices for resolution.

Example:

Give me liberty or give me death! Example: Either we go to Hawaii for the entire Spring Break, or we go no where at all.

Had you rather Caesar were living and/ die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live/ all free men?

 An

authority in one field may know nothing of another field. A popular actress endorsing a milk product when she is a vegan!

Example:

 Attacking

the character of the opponent rather than the argument. Candidate A claims that Candidate B cannot possibly be an advocate for the working people because he enjoys the opera more than the movies.

Example:

Equivocation
A

logical fallacy in which the writer presents an assertion that falsely relies on the use of a single term in two different senses.

Example: Hot dogs are better than nothing. Nothing is better than steak. Therefore, hot dogs are better than steak.