ICL 59 SPT Liquefaction SpreadSheet 2012-12-13 BOF S2

Geopier Foundation Company
Project:
Project No:
Engineer:
Date:
Boring
Hospital de Laja
ICL-59
JPR
12/12/2012
S-2
Input Parameters:
Peak ground acceleration (g) =
0.4
Earthquake magnitude, Mw =
7.5
Water table depth (m) =
4.4
14.432 ft
boehole diameter (mm) =
165
6.5 in
Correction for sample liners (YES/NO):
NO
Rod lengths assumed equal to the depth plus 1.5m (for above ground extension).
I. Liquefaction Susceptibility (Existing Conditions)

SPT
Sample
Number
0
Depth (ft)
0.0
Depth (m)
0.00
Moist Unit
Weight
(kN/m^3)
17.3
Saturated
Unit Weight
(kN/m^3)
Measured
N
Soil type
(USCS)
Flag
Energy
"Clay"
Fines Content
Ratio,
"Unsaturated"
(%)
ER (%)
'Unreliable"
2.0
0.62
17.3
18.8
11
SM
unsaturated
5.1
1.56
17.3
18.8
11
SM
unsaturated
8.4
2.55
17.3
18.8
14
SM
unsaturated
11.7
3.58
17.3
18.8
17
SM
unsaturated
15.1
4.60
17.3
18.8
17
SM
18.3
5.59
17.3
18.8
18
SM
21.5
6.54
17.3
18.8
20
SM
24.8
7.56
17.3
18.8
22
SM
28.2
8.59
17.3
18.8
19
SM
10
31.4
9.56
17.3
18.8
21
SM
11
34.6
10.55
17.3
18.8
19
SP
12
38.0
11.60
17.3
18.8
57
SP
13
41.3
12.58
17.3
18.8
55
SW-SM
14
44.6
13.61
17.3
18.8
45
SW-SM
15
47.9
14.59
17.3
18.8
46
SP
16
51.2
15.62
17.3
18.8
39
SP
17
54.3
16.55
17.3
18.8
44
SP-SM
18
57.7
17.59
17.3
18.8
40
SM
19
61.0
18.61
17.3
18.8
42
SM
20
64.2
19.56
17.3
18.8
42
SM
21
67.4
20.55
17.3
18.8
43
SM
22
70.8
21.58
17.3
18.8
49
SM
23
74.4
22.67
17.3
18.8
48
SM
24
77.4
23.60
17.3
18.8
51
SM
25
80.7
24.60
17.3
18.8
58
SM
26
84.0
25.62
17.3
18.8
64
SM
27
87.1
26.57
17.3
18.8
70
SM
16
16
16
18
18
31
31
31
14
14
3
3
12
12
4
4
6
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
Based on Idriss and Boulanger recommended procedures (EERI 2008)

CE =
Enrergy Ratio = Hammer Energy / 60
CB =
Borehole Correction Factor
CR =
Rod Length Correction
CS =
Sampler Size Correction
CN =
Overburden Correction Factor = SQRT (101/svc') < 1.7 in kPa
(N1)60 = CN*N60
DN (FC) = EXP(1.63+9.7/(FC+0.01)-(15.7/(FC+0.01))^2))
rd =
EXP(-1.012-1.126*SIN(z/11.73+5.133)+MW*(0.106+0.118*SIN(z/11.28+5.142))), z = depth (meters)
CSR =
0.65*PGA*(svc/svc')*rd
MIN(1.8,6.9*EXP(-MW/4)-0.058)
MSF =
Ks
Overburden Correction Factor for CRR
CRR7.5 EXP((N1)60-cs/14.1+((N1)60-cs/126)^2-((N1)60-cs/23.6)^3+((N1)60-cs/25.4)^4-2.8) < 2))
CRR MSF*Ks*CRR7.5
MSF
Ks
CRR7.5
CN
(N1)60
DN (fines
content)
(N1)60-cs
11
1.70
16.1
3.58
20
1.00
0.261
1.00
1.10
0.202
n.a.
27
1.70
17.2
3.58
21
0.99
0.259
1.00
1.10
0.216
n.a.
44
44
1.51
20.7
3.58
24
0.99
0.256
1.00
1.10
0.274
62
62
1.28
21.2
4.09
25
0.98
0.254
1.00
1.08
0.298
80
78
1.14
21.1
4.09
25
0.97
0.257
1.00
1.04
0.296
svc'
(kPa)
CRR, exist.
P-1
Factor of
Safety
N60
svc (kPa)
9.5
11
10.1
27
0.85
13.7
0.85
16.6
1.15
0.95
18.6
1.00
1.15
0.95
19.7
98
1.00
1.15
0.95
21.9
116
95
1.03
22.5
5.40
28
0.94
0.299
1.00
1.01
0.379
0.383
1.28
1.00
1.15
0.95
24.0
136
105
0.98
23.6
5.40
29
0.93
0.313
1.00
0.99
0.430
0.427
1.36
60
1.00
1.15
21.9
155
114
0.94
20.6
2.91
23
0.92
0.324
1.00
0.98
0.258
0.254
0.78
60
1.00
1.15
24.2
173
123
0.91
21.9
2.91
25
0.90
0.332
1.00
0.97
0.286
0.277
60
1.00
1.15
21.9
192
131
0.88
19.2
0.00
19
0.89
0.337
1.00
0.97
0.196
0.189
0.56
60
1.00
1.15
65.6
211
141
0.85
55.5
0.00
56
0.87
0.341
1.00
0.90
2.000
1.804
2.00
60
1.00
1.15
63.3
230
150
0.82
52.0
2.07
54
0.86
0.343
1.00
0.88
2.000
1.768
2.00
60
1.00
1.15
51.8
249
159
0.80
41.3
2.07
43
0.84
0.344
1.00
0.87
2.000
1.733
2.00
60
1.00
1.15
52.9
268
168
0.78
41.1
0.00
41
0.83
0.344
1.00
0.85
2.000
1.701
2.00
60
1.00
1.15
44.9
287
177
0.76
33.9
0.00
34
0.81
0.343
1.00
0.86
0.889
0.766
2.00
60
1.00
1.15
50.6
305
185
0.74
37.4
0.03
37
0.80
0.342
1.00
0.82
1.927
1.582
2.00
60
1.00
1.15
46.0
324
195
0.72
33.1
3.26
36
0.78
0.339
1.00
0.81
1.509
1.228
2.00
60
1.00
1.15
48.3
343
204
0.70
34.0
3.26
37
0.77
0.337
1.00
0.79
1.868
1.481
2.00
60
1.00
1.15
48.3
361
212
0.69
33.3
3.26
37
0.76
0.334
1.00
0.79
1.574
1.238
2.00
60
1.00
1.15
49.5
380
221
0.68
33.4
3.26
37
0.74
0.331
1.00
0.77
1.612
1.247
2.00
60
1.00
1.15
56.4
399
231
0.66
37.3
3.26
41
0.73
0.328
1.00
0.76
2.000
1.513
2.00
60
1.00
1.15
55.2
420
240
0.65
35.8
3.26
39
0.72
0.325
1.00
0.74
2.000
1.489
2.00
60
1.00
1.15
58.7
437
249
0.64
37.4
3.26
41
0.70
0.322
1.00
0.73
2.000
1.468
2.00
60
1.00
1.15
66.7
456
258
0.63
41.8
3.26
45
0.69
0.318
1.00
0.72
2.000
1.447
2.00
60
1.00
1.15
73.6
475
267
0.62
45.3
3.26
49
0.68
0.315
1.00
0.71
2.000
1.427
2.00
60
1.00
1.15
80.5
493
275
0.61
48.7
3.26
52
0.67
0.312
1.00
0.70
2.000
1.408
2.00
CE
CB
CR
CS
60
1.00
1.15
0.75
60
1.00
1.15
0.8
60
1.00
1.15
60
1.00
1.15
60
1.00
60
60
60
18.8
1
2
Reqd FS
Stress
reduct.
Coeff,
rd
87
1.08
21.2
5.40
27
0.95
CSR
0.281
1.00
1.03
0.334
n.a.
n.a.
0.308
0.343
1.20
1.22
0.84
Geopier Foundation Company

Project:
Project No:
Engineer:
Date:
Boring
Hospital de Laja
ICL-59
JPR
12/12/2012
S-2
Input Parameters:
0.4
Peak ground acceleration (g) =
7.5
Earthquake magnitude, Mw =
Water table depth (m) =
4.4
14.432 ft
boehole diameter (mm) =
165
6.5 in
Correction for sample liners (YES/NO):
NO
Rod lengths assumed equal to the depth plus 1.5m (for above ground extension).
II. Liquefaction Susceptibility (REINFORCED CONDITION)

SPT
Sample
Number
Depth (ft)
Depth (m)
Moist Unit
Weight
(kN/m^3)
Saturated
Unit Weight
(kN/m^3)
Delta N from
Improvement
Based on Soil
Type
Improved
N value
Soil type
(USCS)
Flag
Fines
Energy
"Clay"
Content Ratio, ER
"Unsaturated"
(%)
(%)
'Unreliable"
CE
CB
CR
CS
N60
svc
(kPa)
0
0.75
13.8
11
11
svc' (kPa)
CN
(N1)60
1.70
23.5
Stress
DN (fines
(N1)60-cs reduct.
content)
Coeff, rd
Reqd FS
1.1
CSR
MSF
Ks
CRR7.5
0.261
1.00
1.10
0.348
CRR imp P1
Factor of
Safety
0.0
0.0
17.3
18.8
2.0
0.6
17.3
18.8
16
SM
unsaturated
16
60
1.00
1.15
5.1
1.6
17.3
18.8
16
SM
unsaturated
16
60
1.00
1.15
0.8
14.7
27
27
1.70
25.0
3.58
29
0.99
0.259
1.00
1.10
0.410
n.a.
8.4
2.6
17.3
18.8
22
SM
unsaturated
16
60
1.00
1.15
0.85
21.5
44
44
1.51
32.5
3.58
36
0.99
0.256
1.00
1.10
1.415
n.a.
11.7
3.6
17.3
18.8
25
SM
unsaturated
18
60
1.00
1.15
0.85
24.4
62
62
1.28
31.2
4.09
35
0.98
0.254
1.00
1.10
1.180
n.a.
27
1.00
n.a.
15.1
4.6
17.3
18.8
25
SM
60
1.00
1.15
0.95
27.3
80
78
1.14
31.1
4.09
35
0.97
0.257
1.00
1.07
1.152
1.232
2.00
18.3
5.6
17.3
18.8
21
SM
31
60
1.00
1.15
0.95
22.9
98
87
1.08
24.7
5.40
30
0.95
0.281
1.00
1.03
0.494
0.510
1.81
21.5
6.5
17.3
18.8
23
SM
31
60
1.00
1.15
0.95
25.1
116
95
1.03
25.9
5.40
31
0.94
0.299
1.00
1.01
0.576
0.583
24.8
7.6
17.3
18.8
25
SM
31
60
1.00
1.15
0.95
27.3
136
105
0.98
26.8
5.40
32
0.93
0.313
1.00
0.99
0.670
0.665
2.00
28.2
8.6
17.3
18.8
27
SM
14
60
1.00
1.15
31.1
155
114
0.94
29.3
2.91
32
0.92
0.324
1.00
0.97
0.660
0.643
1.98
10
31.4
9.6
17.3
18.8
29
SM
14
60
1.00
1.15
33.4
173
123
0.91
30.3
2.91
33
0.90
0.332
1.00
0.95
0.784
0.748
2.00
11
34.6
10.6
17.3
18.8
12
31
60
1.00
1.15
35.7
192
131
0.88
31.3
0.00
31
0.89
0.337
1.00
0.94
0.576
0.543
1.61
12
38.0
11.6
17.3
18.8
12
69
SP
60
1.00
1.15
79.4
211
141
0.85
67.2
0.00
67
0.87
0.341
1.00
0.90
2.000
1.804
2.00
13
41.3
12.6
17.3
18.8
63
SW-SM
12
60
1.00
1.15
72.5
230
150
0.82
59.5
2.07
62
0.86
0.343
1.00
0.88
2.000
1.768
2.00
14
44.6
13.6
17.3
18.8
53
SW-SM
12
60
1.00
1.15
61.0
249
159
0.80
48.6
2.07
51
0.84
0.344
1.00
0.87
2.000
1.733
2.00
15
47.9
14.6
17.3
18.8
12
58
SP
60
1.00
1.15
66.7
268
168
0.78
51.8
0.00
52
0.83
0.344
1.00
0.85
2.000
1.701
2.00
16
51.2
15.6
17.3
18.8
12
51
SP
60
1.00
1.15
58.7
287
177
0.76
44.3
0.00
44
0.81
0.343
1.00
0.83
2.000
1.669
2.00
17
54.3
16.6
17.3
18.8
12
56
SP-SM
60
1.00
1.15
64.4
305
185
0.74
47.5
0.03
48
0.80
0.342
1.00
0.82
2.000
1.642
2.00
18
57.7
17.6
17.3
18.8
48
SM
15
60
1.00
1.15
55.2
324
195
0.72
39.8
3.26
43
0.78
0.339
1.00
0.81
2.000
1.613
2.00
19
61.0
18.6
17.3
18.8
50
SM
15
60
1.00
1.15
57.5
343
204
0.70
40.5
3.26
44
0.77
0.337
1.00
0.79
2.000
1.586
2.00
20
64.2
19.6
17.3
18.8
50
SM
15
60
1.00
1.15
57.5
361
212
0.69
39.6
3.26
43
0.76
0.334
1.00
0.78
2.000
1.562
2.00
21
67.4
20.6
17.3
18.8
51
SM
15
60
1.00
1.15
58.7
380
221
0.68
39.6
3.26
43
0.74
0.331
1.00
0.77
2.000
1.537
2.00
22
70.8
21.6
17.3
18.8
57
SM
15
60
1.00
1.15
65.6
399
231
0.66
43.4
3.26
47
0.73
0.328
1.00
0.76
2.000
1.513
2.00
23
74.4
22.7
17.3
18.8
56
SM
15
60
1.00
1.15
64.4
420
240
0.65
41.7
3.26
45
0.72
0.325
1.00
0.74
2.000
1.489
2.00
24
77.4
23.6
17.3
18.8
59
SM
15
60
1.00
1.15
67.9
437
249
0.64
43.2
3.26
46
0.70
0.322
1.00
0.73
2.000
1.468
2.00
25
80.7
24.6
17.3
18.8
66
SM
15
60
1.00
1.15
75.9
456
258
0.63
47.5
3.26
51
0.69
0.318
1.00
0.72
2.000
1.447
2.00
26
84.0
25.6
17.3
18.8
72
SM
15
60
1.00
1.15
82.8
475
267
0.62
50.9
3.26
54
0.68
0.315
1.00
0.71
2.000
1.427
2.00
27
87.1
26.6
17.3
18.8
78
SM
15
60
1.00
1.15
89.7
493
275
0.61
54.3
3.26
58
0.67
0.312
1.00
0.70
2.000
1.408
2.00
SP
18
3.58
Based on Idriss and Boulanger recommended procedures (EERI 2008)

CE =
Enrergy Ratio = Hammer Energy / 60
CB =
Borehole Correction Factor
CR =
Rod Length Correction
CS = Sampler Size Correction

N60 = N*CE*CB*CR*CS
CN = Overburden Correction Factor = SQRT (101/svc') < 1.7 in kPa
(N1)60 = CN*N60
DN (FC) = EXP(1.63+9.7/(FC+0.01)-(15.7/(FC+0.01))^2))
rd =
EXP(-1.012-1.126*SIN(z/11.73+5.133)+MW*(0.106+0.118*SIN(z/11.28+5.142))), z = depth (meters)
CSR =
0.65*PGA*(svc/svc')*rd
MSF =
MIN(1.8,6.9*EXP(-MW/4)-0.058)
Ks
Overburden Correction Factor for CRR
CRR7.5 EXP((N1)60-cs/14.1+((N1)60-cs/126)^2-((N1)60-cs/23.6)^3+((N1)60-cs/25.4)^4-2.8) < 2))
CRR MSF*Ks*CRR7.5
1.95
III. - CONCLUSION FROM LIQUEFACTION ANALYSIS

Geopier elements need to be installed to increase CRR to to provide
adequate FS against liquefaction potential.
V - GEOPIER DESIGN SOLUTION
Hospital de Laja, Bio-Bio, Chile

ICL-59
S-2
CRR exist, CRR impr, CSR
A - From Reference 2, Equation No. 1.

0.00
(ts/s'v)/(t/s'v) = CRRrq'd/CSR = 1/(1-4Ra+2.5RaRs)
FS=
kgp =
275
pci
ks =
27
pci
0.70
0.80
10.2
Selected R s for design
40.0
(Improvement Case)
C - Calculate Ra (area ratio) necessary for design (Improvement Case)

From equation 1 above:
Ra =
0.012
Ra =
0.60
30.0
Depth (ft)
Rs =
0.50
1.1
B - From Lawton 1999, Rs > 30
0.40
20.0
1.00
Rs = kgp/ks
0.30
10.0
0.290
0.290
CRR rq'd /CSR =
0.20
0.0
ts/t = 1/(1-4Ra+2.5RaRs)
CRR rq'd =
CSR =
0.10
50.0
60.0
1.00 = 1/(1-4Ra+2.5RaRs)
70.0
1.2%
80.0
D - Site Coverage
1.2% Site Areal Coverage Selected for design.
3.14159 Effective area of influence for one (1) Geopier element, (sf)
90.0
267 Area of soil treated by one element, (sf)

16.34 Rectangular grid spacing required between elements (ft)
100.0
4.98 (m) Rectangular grid spacing required between elements

B - From Lawton 1999, Rs > 30
Rs = kgp/ks
(No-Improvement Case)
kgp =
275
pci
ks =
27
pci
CSR
CRR, exist. P-1
CRR imp P1
D - Site Coverage
1.7% Site Areal Coverage Selected for design.
3.142 Effective area of influence for one (1) Geopier element, (sf)
184 Area of soil treated by one element, (sf)
13.6 Rectangular grid spacing required between elements (ft)
Rs =
6.85
10.2
Selected R s for design
(No-Improvement Case)
C - Calculate Ra (area ratio) necessary for design (Improvement Case)

From equation 1 above:
Ra =
0.017
Ra =
1.7%
1.00 = 1/(1-Ra+RaRs)
4.1 (m) Rectangular grid spacing required between elements

REFERENCES:
1- Youd, T.L., Idriss, I.M., et al., 1997, "Summary Report - Procedings of the NCEER Workshop on the Evaluation of
Liquefaction Resistance of Soils," Techical Report NCEER-97-0022, December 1997.
2- Wissmann, K.J., Lawton, E.C., & Farrell, T.M., 1999, "Behavior of Geopier-Supported Foundation Systems During
Seismic Events," Geopier Foundation Co., Inc. Technical Bulletin No. 1.
3- Lawton, E.C., 1999, "Results of I-15 Research Testing" University of Utah

ICL 59 SPT Liquefaction SpreadSheet 2012-12-13 BOF S2

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ICL 59 SPT Liquefaction SpreadSheet 2012-12-13 BOF S2

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Geopier Foundation Company

Water table depth (m) =

boehole diameter (mm) =

Correction for sample liners (YES/NO):

I. Liquefaction Susceptibility (Existing Conditions)

Based on Idriss and Boulanger recommended procedures (EERI 2008)

Enrergy Ratio = Hammer Energy / 60

Borehole Correction Factor

Rod Length Correction

Sampler Size Correction

Overburden Correction Factor = SQRT (101/svc') < 1.7 in kPa

EXP(-1.012-1.126*SIN(z/11.73+5.133)+MW*(0.106+0.118*SIN(z/11.28+5.142))), z = depth (meters)

Geopier Foundation Company

Peak ground acceleration (g) =

boehole diameter (mm) =

Correction for sample liners (YES/NO):

II. Liquefaction Susceptibility (REINFORCED CONDITION)

Based on Idriss and Boulanger recommended procedures (EERI 2008)

Enrergy Ratio = Hammer Energy / 60

Borehole Correction Factor

Rod Length Correction

CS = Sampler Size Correction

EXP(-1.012-1.126*SIN(z/11.73+5.133)+MW*(0.106+0.118*SIN(z/11.28+5.142))), z = depth (meters)

III. - CONCLUSION FROM LIQUEFACTION ANALYSIS

V - GEOPIER DESIGN SOLUTION

Hospital de Laja, Bio-Bio, Chile

CRR exist, CRR impr, CSR

A - From Reference 2, Equation No. 1.

(ts/s'v)/(t/s'v) = CRRrq'd/CSR = 1/(1-4Ra+2.5RaRs)

C - Calculate Ra (area ratio) necessary for design (Improvement Case)

B - From Lawton 1999, Rs > 30

CRR rq'd /CSR =

267 Area of soil treated by one element, (sf)

4.98 (m) Rectangular grid spacing required between elements

C - Calculate Ra (area ratio) necessary for design (Improvement Case)

4.1 (m) Rectangular grid spacing required between elements

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EXP(-1.012-1.126SIN(z/11.73+5.133)+MW(0.106+0.118*SIN(z/11.28+5.142))), z = depth (meters)

EXP(-1.012-1.126SIN(z/11.73+5.133)+MW(0.106+0.118*SIN(z/11.28+5.142))), z = depth (meters)