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IV Fluid/Solution Quick Reference Guide

Nursing February 8, 2012 Last updated on February 8th, 2012 0 114 Views

Posted by: Matt Vera in Fundamentals of

Intravenous Solutions are used in fluid replacement therapy by changing the composition of the serum by adding fluids and electrolytes. Listed below is a table which may serve as your quick reference guide on the different intravenous solutions.
Type Normal Saline (NS) Description 0.9% NaCl in WaterCrystalloid Solution 0.45% NaCl in WaterCrystalloid Solution Osmolality Isotonic (308 mOsm) Use Increases circulating plasma volume when red cells are adequate Raises total fluid volume Miscellaneous

Replaces losses without altering fluid concentrations. Helpful for Na+ replacement Useful for daily maintenance of body fluid, but is of less value for replacement of NaCldeficit. Helpful for establishing renal function. Fluid replacement for clients who dont need extra glucose (diabetics) Normal saline with K+, Ca++, and lactate (buffer) Often seen with surgery Provides 170-200 calories/1,000cc for energy. Physiologically hypotonic the dextrose is metabolized quickly so that only water remains a hypotonic fluid Watch for fluid volume overload Most common postoperative fluid

1/2 Normal Saline (1/2 NS)

Hypotonic (154 mOsm)

Lactated Ringers (LR)

Normal saline with electrolytes and buffer Dextrose 5% in water Crystalloid solution

Isotonic (275 mOsm)

Replaces fluid and buffers pH

Isotonic (in the bag) *Physiologically hypotonic (260 mOsm) Raises total fluid volume.Helpful in rehydrating and excretory purposes.

D5 W

D5NS

Dextrose 5% in 0.9% saline Dextrose 5% in 0.45% saline

Hypertonic (560 mOsm) Hypertonic (406 mOsm)

Replaces fluid sodium, chloride, and calories. Useful for daily maintenance of body fluids and nutrition, and for rehydration. Same as LR plus provides about 180 calories per 1000ccs.

D5 1/2 NS

D5LR

Dextrose 5% in Lactated Ringers

Hypertonic (575 mOsm)

Watch for fluid volume overload

Normosol-R

Normosol

Isotonic (295 mOsm)

Replaces fluid and buffers pH

pH 7.4 Contains sodium, chloride, calcium, potassium and magnesium Common fluid for OR/PACU

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