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The Dawn
khj ,jo;> nghOJ 30 mf;Nlhgu;> 2011
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neg;Nghypad; nghdghu;l; 02 >
GELILEO 16 >

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About Malgudi Days 18 >

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nghOJ 30> mf;Nlhgu;> 2011

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vk;. f];J}up> Kjyhz;L Ntjpapay;Jiw neg;Nghypad; Mf];l; Kjyhk; ehl;bd; murpay; jw;fhy 1769 nghdghHl; 5 Nk (15 1821).

neg;Nghypad; gpuhd;]; gilj; jiytuhfTk;> jiytuhfTk; ,Ue;jtu;. INuhg;gpa tuyhw;wpy;

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gpuhd;]py; fduf MAjq; fSf;fhd mYtyuhfg; gapw;rp ngw;whu;. gpnuQ;Rg; Gul;rpapd; jsgjpahf> gpuhd;Rf;F vjpuhd Kjyhk; $l;lzp kw;Wk; vjpuhd ,uz;lhk; NghHfis $l;lzpfSf;F topelj;jpajd;

%yk; ,tu; Kd;dzpf;F te;jhu;.

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gpupj;jhdpaupd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; ,Ue;j nrd; n`nydhj; jPtpy; fope;jJ. neL ehl;fshfNt neg;Nghyp adpd; kuzj;jpd; fhuzk; mWjpaplg;glhky; ,Ue;jJ. Mq;fpNyaHfs; MHnrdpf; er;R je;J neg;Nghypaidf; nfhd;wp Uf;fyhk; vd;gJ Nghd;W ,Ue;j gioa Njhw;wg;ghLfs; jw;nray; epfo;Tfs; ahTk; vdTk;>

Njhy;tpapy; Kbe;j gpuhd;rpd; u~;a Mf;fpukpg;G neg;NghypaDf;F xU jpUg;GKidahf gilnaLg;G> mike;jJ. ,g; neg;Nghypadpd; mopTf;F

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Kbatpy;iy. mf;NlhgH 1813 ,y;> MwhtJ $l;lzp> yPg;rpf; vd;Dkplj;jpy; neg;Nghypadpd; gilfis Kwpabj;J> gpuhd;Rf;Fs; Eioe;jd. 1814 Vg;uypy;> $l;lzp neg;Nghypaidg; gjtpapy; ,Ue;J ,wf;fp vy;ghj; jPTf;F ehL flj;jpaJ. Xuhz;bYk; Fiwthd fhyj;jpy; neg;Nghypad; kPz;L te;J ,oe;j muirf; ifg;gw;wpdhu;. vdpDk; 1815 [_d; 18 ,y;

midj;jpYk; jd; tyf;ifiar; rl;ilf;Fs; itj;jpUf;ff; fhuzk; tapw;W ,e;Neha; Vw;gLj;jpa typahy;jhd; vdTk;

ek;gg;gLfpwJ.

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Foe;ijahf ,Ue;j nghOJ ,tupd; je;ij ,we;J tpl;lhu;. vdNt jhahu; uhk;Jy;yhup Njtp ,tiuAk; ,tupd; ,uz;L yhy; gfJ}u; 1904Mk; Mz;L rNfhjupfisAk; mioj;Jf; nfhz;L jd; je;ij tPl;bw;Fr; nrd;W jq;fptpl;lhu;. 10 taJ tiu jd; ghl;ldhu; frhup yhy; tPlb ; NyNa yhy; tsu;e;jhu;. mq;F cau; gfJ}u; epiyg;

jw;Nghja cj;ju gpuNjr khepyj;jpYs;s Kfy;rhup vd;w Cupy; gpwe;jhu;. mtUf;F itj;j gpwe;j ngau; NghJ yhy;

gfJ}u; rpwpt];jth. ,tupd; je;ij rujh gpurhj; gs;sp Mrpupau;. gpd;G myfhghj;jpYs;s Jiwapy; vOj;juhf Nru;e;jhu;. %d;W khj Foe;ijahf ,Ue;j NghJ fq;if fiuapy; jhahupd; ifapy; ,Ue;J eOtp Xu; ,ilaupd; $ilapy; tpOe;J tpl;lhu;. ,ilaUf;F Foe;ij fpilahJ> vdNt ,J jdf;F flTspd; gupR vd fUjp yhy; tUtha; gzpapy;

gs;sp ,y;yhjjhy; Nkw;nfhz;L gbf;f thuzhrpf;F mDg;gg; gl;lhu;. mq;F jha;top khkh tPl;by; jq;fp ,Ue;J mup];re;juh cau; epiyg; gs;spapy; Nru;e;J gbf;fyhdhu;. thuzhrpapy; cs;s NghJ xU ez;gu;fSld; fq;if Kiw Mw;wpd;

kW fiuapy; ele;j re;ijiag; ghu;f;fr; nrd;whu;. jpUk;Gk; NghJ glFf;Ff; nfhLf;fg; Nghjpa gzk; ,y;iy. ez;gu;fsplk;

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nghOJ 30> mf;Nlhgu;> 2011

fld; ngWtjw;Fg; gjpyhf Mw;iw ePe;jpf; fle;jhu;. khztdhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ ,tUf;Fg; Gj;jfq;fs; gbg;g njd;why; ehdf;fpd; kpfTk; tupfs; gpbf;Fk;. FU kPJ Mu;tkhf

njhlu;ghd tpupTiuapy; ngupJk; ftug;gl;lhu;. 1926,y; fhrp tpj;jpahgPlj;jpy; gbg;ig Kbj;jJk; rh];jpup vd;Dk; gl;lk; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,J gpd; ,tu; tpl;lJ. gzpahs; tho;ehs; nra;J ,lj;jpy; ngaUld; ,ize;J kf;fs; rKjhaj;jpd; vd;w mikg;gpy; cWg;gpduhf gjpT Krhg;gu;G+u; vd;Dk; muprdq;fspd; Nkk;

,Ue;jhu;. ,e;jpa Rje;jpu Nghuhl;l tPuu; ghy fq;fhju jpyfu; mtu;fisg; Nghw;wpdhu;> 1915Mk; Mz;L thuzhrpapy; kfhj;kh fhe;jp mbfspd; ciuia Nfl;l gpwF jd; tho;f;ifia ehl;bw;F mu;gzpj;jhu;. rhjp Kiwia vjpu;j;j ,tu; jd; ngaupy; ,Ue;j rpwpt];jth vd;w rhjpiaf; Fwpf;Fk; FLk;g ngaiu ePf;fpdhu;. 1921,y; xj;Jioahik mbfs; fye;J

ghl;Lf;fhf cioj;jhu;. gpd; mt;tikg;gpd; jiytuhdhu;.

,af;fj;ij fhe;jp njhlq;fpa NghJ mjpy; nfhz;L itf;f

rpiw nrd;whu;. fhtypy; cupa taJ ,tUf;F

1921,y; yypjh Njtpia kze;jhu;. ngUk; tujl;riz thq;Fk; ,Ue;j gof;fk; NghjpYk; ntFthf ,tu;

,y;yhjjhy; muR ,tiu ifJ nra;J fhtypy; itf;fhky; ntspapy; mDg;gpaJ. thuzhrpapYs;s Njrpathjp gpurhj; Fg;jh njhlq;fg;gl;l fhrp gPlj;jpy; gbj;jhu;. ,ize;J 4 mq;F mtu;fspd; gpd; rpt;

fhjpiaAk; ,uhl;ilAk; kl;Lk; tujl;rizahf thq;fp nfhz; lhu;. 1930 Mk; rj;jpahfpufj;jpy; ,uz;liu jz;lid ,tupd; Mz;L cg;G <Lgl;L

mtu;fshy; tpj;jpah Mz;Lfs; Kidtu; nka;apay;

Mz;Lfs; rpiw ngw;whu;. mr;rkak; cly; eyk;

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kpfTk; ftiyf;fplkhdjhy;> ve;jg; Nghuhl;lj;jpYk; <Lgl $lhJ vd;w epge;jidapd; Ngupy; 15 ehl;fSf;F tpLjiy nra;ag; gl;lhu;. Mdhy; mtu; tPl;bw;F tUtjw;Fs; mtu; ngz; kuznka;jptpl;lhu;. <kr;rlq;Ffis Kbj;J tpl;L 15 ehl;fs; Kbtjw;F ehs; cs;s NghJk; jhkhfNt rpiwr;rhiyf;F jpUk;gptpl;lhu;. mLj;j Mz;L ,tu; kfDf;F Ruk; vd;wjhy; xU thuk; ntspapy; nry;y mDkjp thq;fpdhu;. Mdhy; kfDf;F xU thuj;jpy; Ruk; rup Mfhjjhy; FLk;g cWg;gpdu;fs; NfhisAk; kPwp rpiwr; jpUk;gpdhu;. Ntz;L rhiyf;F

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rpiwapypUe;J tpLjiyahfp te;jpUe;j yhy; gfJ}u; rh];jpup myfhghj;Jf;Fg; gazk; nra;J [tfu;yhy; NeUtpd; Mde;j gtd; nts;isaNd ,y;yj;jpypUe;J ntspNaW

,af;fk; njhlu;ghd Fwpg;Gfis> Mizfis xU thu fhyj;jpw;Fr; Rje;jpu Nghuhl;l tPuu;fSf;F toq;fpdhu;. mijj; njhlu;e;J ifJ nra;ag;gl;l yhy; gfJ}u; rh];jpup 1946Mk; Mz;L tiu milf;fg;gl;lhu;. nkhj;jkhf Mz;Lfs; rpiwapy; ,tu;

Vwf;Fiwa 9 rpiwapy; fopj;jhu;.

rpiwapy; ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; gy Gj;jfq;fis gbj;jhu;. Nkw; fj;jpa jj;JtQhdpfs;> Gur;rp ahsu;fs;> r%fr; rPu;jpUj;j thjpfs; MfpNahiug; gw;wp ed;F mwpe;J nfhz;lhu;. Nkup 1937,y; cj;jpu gpuNjr ehlhSkd;w FOtpd; xUq;fpizg;G nrayhsuhf 1940,y; Rje;jpu
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fpA+upapd; tho;f;if tuyhw;iw ,e;jpapy; nkhopngau;j;jhu;. ,e;jpa tpLjiyf;Fg; gpd;du; rh];jpup cj;ju gpuNjrj;jpd;

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gl;lhu;. cj;ju gpuNjr Kjyikr;ru; Nfhtpe; gy;y gz;l; mtu;fspd; mikr;ruitapy; fhty; kw;Wk; Nghf;Ftuj;J Jiw mikr;ruhf epakpf;fg; gl;lhu;. Nghf;Ftuj;J Jiw mikr;ruhf ,tNu Kjypy; ngz;fis elj;Jeuhf epakpj; jhu;. fhty; Jiw mikr;ruhf> fl;Lg;ghlw;w $l;lj;ijf; fiyg; gjw;Ff; fk;ghy; mbg;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf ePiug; gPa;r;rp mbf;Fk; gb fhty;Jiwf;F Mizapl;lhu;;. 1951 ,y; fhq;fpu]; nraw;

nkfG+g;efu; uapy; tpgj;jpy; 112 Ngu; ,we;jjw;F jhu;kPf nghWg;Ngw;W gjtp tpyf Kd;te;jhu;. vdpDk; NeU ,tupd; gjtptpyfiy Vw;Wf;nfhs;s tpy;iy. %d;W khjq;fs; fopj;J mupaY}upy; eilngw;w ,uapy; tpgj;jpy; 144 Ngu; ,we;jdu;. mijj; njhlu;e;J rh];jpup gjtp tpyfy; fbjj;ij NeUtplk; xg;gilj;jhu;. Vw;Wf;nfhz;l gjtp tpyfiy NeU ,r;rk;gtk;

gw;wp ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; ciu ahw;Wk; NghJ> tpgj;Jf;Fr; rh];jpup fhuz kpy;iy vd;w NghjpYk; murpay; rhrd Kiwikf;F ,J Kd;khjpupahf tpsq;Fk; vd;W $wpdhu;. 1957 Nju;jiy eLtz; Mz;L ele;j nghJ

FOTf;F nghJ nrayhsuhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhu;. jiytuhf [tfu; yhy; NeU ,Ue;jhu;. Ntl;ghsu; Nju;e;njLj;jy;> Nju;jy; eltbf; iffs;> Nghf;F Nju;jy; tpsk;guq;fspd; Nghd;wtw;wpw;F ,tu;

nghWg;ghdtuhf ,Ue;jhu;. fhq;fpu]; fl;rp 1952> 1957> 1962 Mk; Mz;Lfspy; Nju;jy;fspy; ntw;wpfSf;F fhuzkhFk;. 1951 ,y; eilngw;w ngw;w ,tuJ nghJj; ngUk; gq;fspg;Gk;

njhlu;e;J rh];jpup mikr;ruitapy;

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Nkyitf;F epakpf;fg;gl;lhu;. 19511956 tiu uapy;Nt kw;Wk; Nghf;F tuj;J Jiw mikr;ruhf
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fhuzkhftpUe;jhu;. gpujku; [tfu;yhy; NeU 1964 Nk 27 ,y; kiwe;jijj; njhlu;e;J murpy; mg;Nghja fhkuh[u; tUtjw;Ff; ntw;wplk; fhq;fpu]; rh];jpup fhuzkhf Vw;gl;lJ. jiytu; gpujkuhf ,Ue;jhu;.

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Fzj;jpdhy; ,tuJ gzp rpwg;ghf ele;jJ. FWfpa fhyk; Ml;rpapypUe;j nghUshjhu czTg; rkhspf;f ,tuhy; ehl;bd; neUf;fbiaAk;>

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NghJ> Nfh]p[pDk; mA+g;fhDk; me;jg; ngl;bia tpkhdj;jpy; Vw;w Rke;J te;jhu;fs; vd;gJ rpypu;f;f itf;Fk; nra;jp. vj;jidNah gjtpfs; tfpj;j rh];jpupf;Fr; nrhe;jkhf tPL VJk; ,y;iy. ,Wjpf; fhyj;jpy; jtiz thq;fp Kiwapy; fhu; xd;W me;jf; flidj;jhd;

thupRfSf;F tpl;Lr; nrd;whu;. jpU. yhy; gfJ}u; rh];jpupapd; gpwe;jehs; mf;Nlhgu; 02Mk; ehs; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpd;wJ.

9
nghOJ 30> mf;Nlhgu;> 2011

jpUg;G+ Fkud;

nfhbfhj;j

Fkud;

vd;Wk;

miof;fg;gLfpwhu;.

epidtfk;
jkpo;ehL muR jpUg;G+u; Fkud; jpahfj;ijg; jpUg;G+upy; Nghw;Wk; jpUg;G+u; ,q;F tifapy; Fkud; xd;iw jw;fhypf

epidtfk; mikj;Js;sJ. jpUg;G+u; Fkud; (mf;Nlhgu; 4> 1904 - [dtup 11> 1932) ,e;jpa tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;l jpahfp Mthu;. ,tu; <NuhL khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s nrd;dpkiyapy; gpwe;jhu;. 1932 Mk; Mz;L rl;l kWg;G ,af;fk; kPz;Lk; njhlq;fpa NghJ jkpofk; KOtJk; mwg; Nghuhl;lk; gutpa Neuj;jpy; jpUg;G+upy; Njrge;J ,isQu; kd;w cWg;gpdu;fs; mr;rkak; Vw;ghL nra;j kwpay; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; jPtpukhfg; gq;Fnfhz;L> ifapy;

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tiue;J nghJkf;fs; ghu;itf;F itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. jpUg;G+ Fkudpd;; gpwe;jehs; mf;Nlhgu; 4Mk; ehs; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpd;wJ. -Mrpupau; FO

fzpdpf; Fws;
mwpT ,y;yhu;f;F ,t;TyfKkpy;iy

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gpd;du; kUj;Jtkidapy; NjLf NjLf $fpypy; cdf;fhd Jwe;jhu;. ,jdhy;> jfty; tUk; tiu Nf. fhaj;up>
Kjyhz;L Ntjpapay;Jiw.

tpbay; khj ,jo;

10

nghOJ 30> mf;Nlhgu;> 2011

khA+uk; Ntjehafk; gps;is

tp. etPd; uh[{
,uz;lhkhz;L capu; Ntjpapay; Jiw

NfhghyfpU~;z

ghujpahu; vd;w

ePNa

GU~
ghbdhu;.

NkU

ghliyg;

tho;f;ifr; RUf;fk;
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(mf;Nlhgu; 11> 1826 - [_iy 21 1889) xU Gfo; ngw;w jkpo; vOj;jhsu;. ,tu; 1878y; vOjpa gpujhg Kjypahu; rupj;jpuk; vd;Dk; Gjpdk; (ehty;) jkpopy; ntspahd Kjy; Gjpdk;. ,tu; jkpo;ehl;by; jpUr;rp

epfo;Tfspd; NghJ Ritahd ftpijfis dhu;. ,tu; gjpthsuhfTk;

ePjpkd;wq;fspy; nkhopngau;g;

khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s Fsj;J}upy; gpwe;jhu;. njhlu; tz;bapy; jpUr; rpuhg;gs;spapy; ,Ue;J kJiuf;Fr; nry;ifapy; Fsj;J}u; njhlu;tz;b epiyaj;jpy; rtupKj;Jg; gpwe;jhu;. gps;is je;ijahu; jhahu;

ghsuhfTk; gzpahw;wpa gpd; 1856 ,y; juq;fk;ghbapy; KdprP/g; Ntiyapy; mku;e;jhu;. khatuk; khtl;l KdprPg;ghf 13 Mz;Lfs; gzp Gupe;jikahy; khatuk; Ntjehafk; ,tiu gps;is

MNuhf;fpa kup mk;ikahu;. 1876-1888 Mz;Lfspy; jkpofj;jpy; Vw;gl;l gQ;rj;jpd; NghJ jkJ nrhj;Jf;fs; midj;ijAk; nfhil aspj;jhu;. ,jidg; Nghw;Wk; tpjkhf

vd;Nw miof;fyhapdu;. me;jf; fhyfl;lj;jpy; 16 Gj;jfq;fs; vOjpdhu;. Gjpdkhd jkpopd; Kjy; gpujhg Kjypahu; mg;NghNj ,irg;gjpYk;

rupj;jpuj;ijAk; vOjpdhu;. tPiz

ty;yik ngw;wpUe;jhu;.

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11

nghOJ 30> mf;Nlhgu;> 2011

mtuJ

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jdpg;ghly;fSk;

khA+uk; Ntjehafk; gps;isapd; gpwe;jehs; mf;Nlhgu; 11Mk; ehs; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpd;wJ.

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,tu; mtw;Ws; rpj;jhe;j Mf;fpa E}y;fs; gy. rpy tUkhW: 1862,y; rq;fpufk; - cau;epiy

ngz;Nz eP tho;f!
fUtiwj; Jtq;fpf; fy;yiw tiu fhupifapd; tho;tpy; Jd;gq;fs; Mapuk;. <d;w nghOjpypUe;J ,Wjp tiu eP gLk;ghl;il vg;gb ciug;Ngd;? [ddj;jpd; jpwTNfhNy! eP ,sikapy; ,d;Kfk; fhl;bdha; kzehspy; ntl;fk; jhq;fpdha; jha;ikapy; kdk; G+upj;jha; ,Ug;gpDk; tho;tpy; gupjtpj;jha;! jpahfr; Rlu; eP! fw;Gj; joy; eP! cd; Nfhyk; khwpdhYk; cd; fhyk; khWtjpy;iy.
Nf. fhaj;up>
Kjyhz;L Ntjpapay;Jiw.

Mq;fpy rl;lq;fis jkpopy; nra;j E}y; 1869,y; ngz;kjp khiy ngz;fSf;F Vw;w mw Kiwfisg; ghl;Lf;fshYk; ciueilahYk; $Wk; E}y;. 1873,y; %d;W E}y;fs; jpUtUs; me;jhjp> jpUtUs; khiy> Njtkhju; me;jhjp ,it nra;As; E}y;fs;. fpwpj;Jt kjk; gw;wpaJ. kj tuyhW> kw;Wk; flTs; ghy; mtUf;fpUe;j md;G ,tw;iwg; Gyg;gLj;JtJ. 1878,y; Kjypahu; rupj;jpuk; Gfo; gpujhg ngw;w

fw;gidf;fij> jkpo;g; Gjpdq;fspd; Kd;Ndhb. ,J Mq;fpyj;jpYk; nkhopngau;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1878,y; ru;t rka rkurf; fPu;j;jid Vwj;jho 1887,y; 200 RFz ,irg;ghlyfs;. Re;jup Gjpdk;.

1889,y; rj;jpa Ntj fPu;j;jid nghk;ikf; fypahzk;> ngupa

tpbay; khj ,jo;

12

nghOJ 30> mf;Nlhgu;> 2011

ts;syhu;
Nr. fw;gfuh[;>
%d;whkhz;L tzpftpay; (fzpdp).

nghUl;L rpjk;guk; mUNf cs;s tlY}upy; kw;Wk; mikj;jhu;. mtu; tho;e;j fhyj;jpy; mtUila rpe;jidfs; kpfTk; Kw;Nghf;Filajhff; gl;lhYk;> jw;nghOJ fUjg; cynfq; rj;jpa rj;jpa Qhdrig jUkrhiy

ts;syhu; rpjk;guj;jpy;

,uhkypq;fk; ,Ue;J

gps;is 10iky;

njhiytpYs;s kUJ}upy; gpwe;jtu;. ngw;Nwhu; ,uhikah gps;is> rpd;dk;ikahu;. ,tNuhL rghgjp> guRuhkd;>

Fk; mtUila rpe;jidf;F xj;j nfhs;iffs; Gupe;Jnfhs;sg;gl;L gpd;gw;wg;gLfpwJ.

cz;zhKiy> Re;juhk;ghs; Mfpa ehy;tUk; cld; gpwe;jdu;. ,uhkypq;fu; khjj;jpNyNa jhahu; nrd;W gpwe;j je;ijia vl;lhk; ,oe;jhu;. nghd;Ndup gpd;du;

Foe;ijfNshL tho;e;jhu;.

nrd;idapy; tPuhrhkp

VOfpzW gFjp gps;is njUtpy;

FbNawpdhu;. mz;zd; rghgjp rka nrhw;nghopT nra;J te;jhu;fs;.

rd;khu;f;f rpe;jidahsu;
jd; tho;tpd; ngUk;gFjpiar; nrd;idapy; fopj;j ,tu;> etPd rKjhaj;jpd; ngUk; gpur;rpidfis czu;e;jpUe;jhu;. midj;J ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;fhfTk; teousness in all Endeavours) rka (rkur jd;

rkak;) rd;khu;f;fj;jpw;fhfTk; (Righ tho;ehis mu;g;gzpj;Jg; gzp ahw;wpdhu;. ,e;Nehf;fj;ij milAk;

tpbay; khj ,jo;

ts;syhupd; gj;Jf; nfhs;iffs; 1)flTs; xUtNu. mtu; mUl;ngUQ;N[hjp Mz;ltu;. 2)Gyhy; czT cz;zf;$lhJ. 3)ve;j capiuAk; nfhiy nra;af;$lhJ. 4)rhjp>kjk;>rkak;>,dk;>nkhop Kjypa NtWghL $lhJ. 5),we;jtu;fis vhpf;ff; $lhJ> rkhjp itj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. nghOJ 30> mf;Nlhgu;> 2011

13

6) vjpYk; nghJ Nehf;fk; Ntz;Lk;. 7)grpj;jtu;fSf;F rhjp> kjk;> rkak;> ,dk;> nkhop Kjypa NtWghL fUjhJ cztspj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 8)fUkfhupak;> jpjp Kjypad nra;af;$lhJ. 9)rpW nja;t topghL nra;af;$lhJ. mtw;wpd; ngauhy; gyp ,LjYk; $lhJ. 10)vy;yh capu;fSk; ekf;F rNfhjuu;fNs! mitfSf;F ehk; Jd;gk; nra;a$lhJ.

NtyhAjdhu; mtu;fshy; ehd;F jpUKiwfs; gpd;du; Ie;J ntspaplg;gl;lJ. kw;Wk; Mwhk;

jpUKiwfs; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. ,tuJ ciueil> fbjq;fs; midj;Jk;; njhFf;fg; ngw;Wj; jdp E}yhf Kd;dhs; mwepiyaj; Jiw Mizahsu; cau;jpU. ghyfpU~;zd; mtu; fs; ntspapl;lhu;. gpd;du; Cud; mbfSk; fhyKiw gjpg;G ntsp apl;Ls;shu;.

grpahw;Wtpj;jy;
kf;fspd; kpFe;j Jauq;fSs; xd;whd grpiag; Nghf;fpl ts;syhu; top tFj;jhu;. ,d;wsTk; ts;syhu; ngauhy; yl;rf;fzf;fhd kf;fSf;F grpahw;Wtpj;jy; eilngUfpwJ. tlY}upy; jiyik ,lkhf ,Ue;jhYk;> cyfnkq;Fk; grpahw;W tpj;jiy mtuJ nfhs;ifiag; gpd;gw;Wfpd;wtu;fs; nra;fpwhu;fs;.

ts;syhu; tho;e;j miw

jpUtUl;gh
,tu; ghba Mwhapuk; ghly; fspd; jpul;L jpUtUl;gh vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J MW jpU Kiwfshfg; gFf;fg;gl;L cs;sJ. jpUmUl;gh Kjypy; ,uhkypq;f mbfspd; jiyik rPlu; njhOT+u;
tpbay; khj ,jo;

ts;syhu; ,uhkypq;fk; gps;isapd; gpwe;jehs; mf;Nlhgu; 04Mk; ehs; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpd;wJ.

nghOJ 30> mf;Nlhgu;> 2011

14

khjk; xU gilg;ghsu;

,tuJ fijfs; Mq;fpyk; ,e;jp Nghd;w gy nkhopfspy; ngaHf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mnkupf;f rpwe;j nkhop

mNrhfkpj;ud;
Kidtu; g. rutzd;
jkpo; tpupTiuahsu;

,yf;fpaq;fisj;

mNrhfkpj;ud;>

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jkpopy; mwpKfk; nra;j jdpg; ngUik ,tUf;FupaJ. Mq;fpy ehspjo;fspy; njhlHe;J vOjp tUk; mNrhfkpj;ud;> mNahth gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; fSf;fhd rpwg;Gg; fye;J nfhz;ltH. vOj;jhsH gapyuq;fpy;

vOj;jhsHfSs; xUtH. ,tuJ ,aw;ngaH jpahfuh[d;. 50 Mz;LfSf;Fk; vOjp tUfpwhH. 1931 Mk; Nkyhfj; jkpopy;

Mz;L

Me;jpu mg;ghtpd; rpNefpjH vd;w

gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s efuj;jpy; gpwe;jtH.

nrfe;jpuhghj;

Kjypy; ,tH Mq;fpyj;jpy; jhd; vOj Muk;gpj;jhH. gbg;gbahfj; jkpopy; Jtq;fpdhH. ,tuJ gupR MFk;. Kjy; gpd;G gilg;G thndhyp Kjy; fij md;gpd; ehlfk; xU gpd;G vOjj;

rpWfijj; njhFg;gpw;fhf 1996 Mz;bd; rhfpj;a mfhjkp tpUJ ngw;whu;. n[kpdp ];LbNahtpy; kf;fs; njhlHGj; Jiwapy; rpy fhyk; gzpahw;wpAs;shH. ];LbNahtpy; mDgj;ijf; ,tH n[kpdp gzpahw;wpa epoy;fs;

vd;fpd;w

fiue;j

vd;w ehtyhf vOjpdhH. gpd;G

ehlfj;jpd; KbT [_iy 1957,y; fiy kfspy; ntspahdJ. vspikAk;> nky;ypa eifr; RitAk; nfhz;lJ ,tUila vOj;J. jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;Jf;F cyf mstpy; mq;fPfhuk; ngw;Wj; je;j
tpbay; khj ,jo;

15

nghOJ 30> mf;Nlhgu;> 2011

,jid My;gHl; g;uhd;f;spd; vd;gtH Cast of character vd;w nkhop ngaupy; Mq;fpyj;jpy; ngaHj;jhH.

GELILEO

1960fspy; jkpo;ehL fhq;fpu]; fl;rp rhHgpy; ele;j RNjrkpj;jpud; gj;jpupifapy; fpq;fud; vd;w ngaupy; murpay; fl;Liufs; vOjpAs;shH.
Signature

fizahop

,jopd;

Mrpupag;

nghWg;G tfpj;jpUf;fpwhH. mk;~d; FkhH vd;gtH ,tiug; gw;wp miukzp Neuk; mstpw;F Mtzg; glj;ij vLj;Js;shH.
Born 15 February 1564 Pisa, Duchy of Florence, Italy 8 January 1642 (aged 77) Arcetri, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Italy Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Italy Italian (Tuscan) Astronomy, physics and mathematics University of Pisa University of Padua University of Pisa

gilg;Gfs;:
,tH ,UE}Wf;Fk; rpWfijfisAk; gy fisAk; vOjp cs;shu;. Nkw;gl;l fl;Liu

Died

Residence

ehty;fs;
1.gjpndl;lhtJ ml;rf;NfhL 2.jz;zPH 3.,d;W 4.Mfhrj;jhkiu 5.xw;wd; 6.khdrNuhtH 7.fiue;j epoy;fs; 8.tpoh khiyg;nghOjpy;

Nationality Fields

Institutions

Alma mater Academic advisors Notable students

Ostilio Ricci Benedetto Castelli Mario Guiducci Vincenzo Viviani Kinematics Dynamics Telescopic observational astronomy Heliocentrism

FWehty;fs;
1.,UtH> 2.tpLjiy 3.jPgk;

Known for

tpbay; khj ,jo;

R. Divya, Ist B.Sc.Chemistry

16

nghOJ 30> mf;Nlhgu;> 2011

ru;tNjr tpz;ntsp Ma;T ikak;

g. nrse;ju;ah> Kjyhz;L Ntjpapay;Jiw fle;j 12 Mz;Lfshf ele;J te;j rHtNjr tpz;ntsp ikaj;jpd; fl;Lkhd vl;baJ. gzp ,Wjp fl;lj;ij tpz;ntsp Ma;Tf;fhf

Kbj;jdH.

,j;Jld;

tpz;ntsp

ikaj;jpd; nkhj;jf; fl;Lkhd gzpfs; epiwtile;J tpl;ld. rHtNjr ikaj;jpd; jw;NghJ xU tpkhdk; cs;sJ. tpz;ntsp cs;fl;likg;G Nghapq; 747 uf

msTf;Fg; ngupjhf kpd; cw;gj;jpf;fhf nghUj;jg; jfLfs; msTf;Fg; tpz;ntsp

g+kpf;Fk; NkNy 355 fp.kP. njhiytpy; rHtNjr tpz;ntsp ikak; fl;Lk; ehLfs; <Lgl;ld. Kaw;rpapy; 16

ntspg;gFjpapy; gl;Ls;s NrhyH fhy;ge;J ngupjhf ikaj;jpy; tpl;ljhy; ikjhdk; cs;sJ.

gzpfs; Kbe;J vz;ltH tpz;fyk; mnkupf; khepyj;jpy; tpz;ntsp jiuapwq;

mnkupf;f kw;Wk; u~;a

tpz;

fyfq;fspy; khwp khwp> nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; tpz;ntsp tPuHfs; mDg;gg;gl;L rHtNjr tpz;ntsp ikak; mikf;Fk; gzp ele;J te;jJ. ,e;jg; gzpfs; fle;j 12 Mz;Lfshfj; jPtpukhf ele;J te;jJ. ,Jtiu 4 ,yl;rj;J 55 Mapuk; fpNyh vilAs;s td; nghUl;fs; ikaj;jpy; rHtNjr tpz;ntsp nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

g+kpf;Fg; Gwg;gl;lJ. fhtpd; GNshuplh cs;s nfhd;db ikaj;jpy;> vz;ltH fpaTld;; gazj;ij

jd; filrpg; Kbj;JJ. gpd; mDg;gp

mjid kpa+rpaj;Jf;F tpl;ldu;.

,Wjpf; fl;lkhf 15 kPl;lu; ePsKs;s NuhNgh fpNud; nghUj;Jk; gzpia vz;ltH tpz;ntsp NrkpNlhg; tpz;fyj;jpy; tPuHfs; gpd;fp MfpNahH nrd;w kw;Wk; rpwg;Gw

tpbay; khj ,jo;

17

nghOJ 30> mf;Nlhgu;> 2011

mjd;gpd;

ml;yhz;b];

tpz;

He is one of three leading figures of early Indian literature in English,

fyk; [_iy 8Mk; ehs; jd; ,Wjp tpz;ntsp gazj;ijj; njhlq;fp Kbj;jJ. ehrhtpd; midj;J tpz; fyq;fSk; ,e;jhz;L kpa+rpaj; Jf;Fr; nry;fpd;wd. Gjpa nkhly; tpz;fyq;fis cUthf;Fk; Kaw;rpapy; ,wq;fpAs;sJ. ,e;jg; tpz;ntsp ghijiaj; ehrh jPtpukhf

along with Mulk Raj Anand and Raja Rao. He is credited with bringing Indian literature in English to the rest of the world, and is regarded as one of India's greatest English language novelists.

Gjpa ikaj;jpd; jhz;b

tpz;fyk; Rw;Wtl;l ntF

njhiytpy; nry;Yk; msTf;Fj; jpwd;ngw;wjhf ,Uf;Fk;. mJtiu u~;ahtpd; NrhA]; tpz;fyk; %yk;> ehrh tPuHfs; tpz;ntsp ikaj; Jf;Fr; nrd;WtUtH.

About

Malgudi is a fictional, semi-urban town in southern India, conjured by Narayan. He created the town in

Malgudi Days

September 1930, onVijayadashami, an auspicious day to start new efforts

P. Vinotha, Ist B.A. English R. K. Narayan (Rasipuram Krishna swami Iyer Narayanaswami ) was an Indian author whose works

and thus chosen for him by his grandmother. As he mentioned in a later interview to his biographers Susan and N. Ram, in his mind, he first saw a railway station, and slowly the name Malgudi came to him. The town was created with an impeccable

of fiction include a series of books about people and their interactions in an imagined town in India called Malgudi. tpbay; khj ,jo;

18

nghOJ 30> mf;Nlhgu;> 2011

historical

record,

dating

to Each of the stories portrays a facet of life in Malgudi. The New York Times described the virtue of the book as "everyone in the book seems to have a capacity for responding to the quality of his particular hour. It's an art we need to study and revive." In 1986, a few of the stories in the book were included in the Malgudi Days television series and, directed by actor and director, Shankar Nag. In 2004, the project was revived with film-maker Kavitha Lankesh

the Ramayana days when it was noted that Lord Ramapassed through; it was also said that the Buddha visited the town during his travels. While Narayan never provided strict physical constraints for the town, he allowed it to form shape with events in the various stories, becoming a reference point for the future. Dr James M. Fennelly, a scholar of Narayan's works, created a map of Malgudi based on the fictional

descriptors of the town from the many books and stories. Malgudi Days is a collection of short stories by R. K. Narayan published in 1943 by Indian Thought Publications. The book was republished outside India in 1982. The book includes 19 stories, all set in the fictional town

replacing the late Shankar Nag as director. The new series was telecast from April 26, 2006 on Doordarshan.

nghOJ 30> mf;Nlhgu;> 2011

of Malgudi, located in South India. tpbay; khj ,jo;

19

epfo;r;rp

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ngupahu;

<.nt.uh.

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fy;Y}upj; jkpo;j;Jiw ,izg; Nguhrpupau; Kidtu; f. fhrp khupag;gd; mtu;fSk; gpiofs; Fwpj;J

xypg;Gg;
ehkf;fy;

gapyuq;F
Mfpa

mwpQu; mz;zh muR fiyf;fy;Y}upj; jkpo;j;Jiw cjtpg; Nguhrpupau; Kidtu; gp. vopyurp mtu;fSk; fUtp

02.09.11 kw;Wk; 03.09.11 ehl;fspy; elj;jg;gl;lJ. jkpo;j;Jiwj; jiytu;

E}y;fs; Fwpj;J ehkf;fy; mwpQu;

Kidtu; mz;zh muR fiyf;fy;Y}upj; kh. fhu;j;jpNfad; mtu;fs; tpUe;jp idu;fis mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhu;. fy;Y}upr; nray; ,af;Feu; jpUkjp. ftpjh rPdpthrd; mtu;fSk;> fy;Y}up Kjy;tu; Kidtu; eh. fz;zd; mtu;fSk; tho;j;Jiu ey;fpdu;. ehkf;fy; mwpQu; mz;zh muR fiyf; fy;Y}upj; jkpo;j;Jiw ,izg; KUfd; Nguhrpupau; Kidtu; ng. mtu;fs; gapyuq;fpd; jkpo;j;Jiw ,izg; Nguhrpupau; Kidtu; ng. KUfd; mtu;fSk; ciuahw;wpdu;. khzhf;fu;fSf; Fg; gapw;rpAk; mspj;jdu;. gapyuq;F epiwT tpohtpy;

jkpo; tpupTiuahsu; Kidtu; j. fz;zd; mtu;fs; ,g;gapyuq;fpd; ,uz;L Fwpj;Jg; ehs; nray;ghLfs; Ngrpdhu;. fy;Y}up

Nehf;fj;ij vLj;Jf;$wpdhu;. gapyuq;fpy;>

Kjy;tu; Kidtu; eh. fz;zd; mtu;fs; khzhf;fu;fSf;Fr; rhd;

vOj;Jg;

gpio>

xw;Wg; gpiofs; Fwpj;J ngq;f@u;

Gs;spapay; Jiwg; Kidtu; eQ;Rz;ld; Nguhrpupau; mtu;fSk;>

wpjo;fis ey;fpg; ghuhl;bdhu;. khzhf;fu;fSs; rpyu; gapyuq;F Fwpj;Jg; gpd;D}l;lk; toq;fpdu;. gapyuq;fj; njhlf;f tpohtpYk;; epiwT tpohtpYk;; gq;Nfw;w tu;fSf;Fj; jkpo; tpupTiuahsu; Kidtu; g. rutzd; mtu;fs; ed;wp $wpdhu;.

nrhw;Nru;g;Gk;
ehkf;fy;

gpupg;Gk;

mwpQu;

Fwpj;J mz;zh muR

fiyf;fy;Y}upj; jkpo;j;Jiw cjtpg; Nguhrpupau; Kidtu; K. eluh[d; mtu;fSk; njhlu; gpiofs; Fwpj;J
tpbay; khj ,jo;

20

nghOJ 30> mf;Nlhgu;> 2011