s

AmericAn nAtionAl stAndArds institute/ steel deck institute

Composite Steel Floor Deck
STEEL DECK
I NSTI TUTE
s

copyright 2007 steel deck institute
C1.0 - 2006 Standard for
2
Composite Steel Floor Deck
C1.0 - 2006 Standard for
AMRlCAN NA7l0NAL S7AN0AR0S lNS7l7U7/ S7L 0CK lNS7l7U7
STEEL DECK
I NSTI TUTE
s

1. General
1.1 Scope:
A.ThisspecifcationforComposite
SteelDeckshallgovernthe
materials,design,and
erectionofcoldformed
steeldeckwhichactsasa
permanentformandas
positivereinforcement
forastructuralconcreteslab.
B. Commentaryshallnotbe
consideredpartofthe
mandatorydocument.
1.2 Reference Codes,
Standards and Documents:
A.CodesandStandards:
ForpurposesofthisStandard,
complywithapplicable
provisionsofthefollowing
CodesandStandards:
1.AmericanIronandSteel
Institute(AISI)Standard-North
AmericanSpecifcationfor
theDesignofCold-Formed
SteelStructuralMembers,2001
EditionwithSupplement2004
2.AmericanWeldingSociety-
ANSI/AWSD1.3Structural
WeldingCode/SheetSteel-98
StructuralWeldingCode-
SheetSteel
3.AmericanSocietyforTesting
andMaterials(ASTM)A653
(A653M)-06,A924(A924M)-06,
A1008(A1008M)-06,A820
(A820M)-06,C1399(C1399M)-
04,TestMethodE2322-03,
ASTMSubcommitteeCO9.42
4.AmericanConcreteInstitute
(ACI)BuildingCode
RequirementsforReinforced
ConcreteACI318-05
5.AmericanSocietyofCivilEngi-
neering(ASCE)-SEI/ASCE7-05
6.AmericanInstituteofSteel
Construction(AISC)-
SpecifcationforStructural
SteelBuildings,13thEdition
7.UnderwritersLaboratories
(UL)FireResistanceDirectory-
http://www.ul.com/database
2006
Commentary:Manyfre
relatedassembliesthatuse
compositefoordecksare
available.IntheUnderwriters
LaboratoriesFire Resistance
Directory,thecompositedeck
constructionsshowhourly
ratingsforrestrainedand
unrestrainedassemblies.ASTM
E119providesinformationin
appendixX3calledGuidefor
DeterminingConditionsof
RestraintforFloorandRoof
Assembliesandfor
IndividualBeams.
B. ReferenceDocuments:
Refertothefollowing
documents:
1.SDICompositeDeckDesign
Handbook-CDD2-1997

2.SDIManualofConstruction
withSteelDeck-MOC2-2006
3.SDIStandardPracticeDetails-
SPD2-2001
4.SDIDiaphragmDesign
Manual-DDMO3-2004
2. Products
2.1 Material:
A.Sheetsteelforgalvanizeddeck
shallconformtoASTMA653
(A653M)StructuralQuality,with
aminimumyieldstrengthof
33ksi(230MPa).
B. Sheetsteelforuncoatedor
phosphatizedtop/painted
bottomdeckshallconformto
ASTMA1008(A1008M)with
aminimumyieldstrengthof
33ksi(230MPa).Other
structuralsheetsteelsorhigh
strengthlowalloysteelsare
acceptable,andshallbe
selectedfromtheNorth
American Specifcation for the
Design of Cold-Formed Steel
Structural Members.

C.Sheetsteelforaccessoriesshall
conformtoASTMA653
(A653M)-minimumyield
strengthof33ksi(230MPa).
StructuralQualityforstructural
accessories,ASTMA653(A653M)
CommercialQualityfor
non-structuralaccessories,or
ASTMA1008(A1008M)for
eitherstructuralor
non-structuralaccessories.
Otherstructuralsheetsteelsor
highstrengthlowalloysteels
areacceptable,andshallbe
selectedfromtheNorth
American Specifcation for the
Design of Cold-Formed Steel
Structural Members.
D.Thedecktype(profle)and
thickness(gage)shallbeas
shownontheplans.
Commentary:Mostcomposite
steelfoordeckismanufactured
fromsteelconformingtoASTM
DesignationA1008(A1008M),
Grades33and40,orfromA653
(A653M),StructuralSheetSteel.
Whenspecifyingalternative
steels,certainrestrictionsapply
(SeeNorth American Specifcation
for the Design of Cold-Formed
Steel Structural MembersSection
A2-3.2).2.1Areferstotheuseof
galvanizeddeckwhile2.1Brefers
totheuseofuncoatedor
phosphatizedtop/painted
undersidedeck.Inmostcasesthe
designerwillchooseonefnishor
theother.However,bothtypesof
fnishmaybeusedonajob,in
whichcasethedesignermust
indicateontheplansandproject
specifcationstheareasinwhich
eachisused.(RefertoSection2.3
andthecommentaryofthese
specifcations).Insection2.1D,the
decktypeistheparticularprofleof
deckchosenbythedesigner.
2.2 Tolerance:
A.Uncoatedthicknessshallnotbe
lessthan95%ofthedesign
thicknessaslistedinTable2.2.1:
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Composite Steel Floor Deck
C1.0 - 2006 Standard for
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STEEL DECK
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B.Panellengthshallbewithinplus
orminus1/2inch(12mm)of
specifedlength.
C.Panelcoverwidthshallbeno
greaterthanminus3/8inch
(10mm),plus3/4inch(20mm).
D.Panelcamberand/orsweep
shallbenogreaterthan1/4inch
in10footlength(6mmin3m).
E.Panelendoutofsquareshall
notbegreaterthan1/8inchper
footofpanelwidth(10mmperm).
2.3 Finish:
A.Galvanizingshallconformto
ASTMA653(A653M).
B. Uncoatedorphosphatized
topsidewithpaintedunderside
shallbeappliedtosteelsheet
conformingtoASTMA1008
(A1008M).
C.Thefnishonthesteel
compositedeckshallbe
suitablefortheenvironment
ofthestructure.
Commentary:Thefnishonthe
steelcompositedeckshallbeas
specifedbythedesignerandbe
suitablefortheenvironmentof
thestructure.Sincethecomposite
deckisthepositivebending
reinforcementfortheslab,itmust
bedesignedtolastthelifeofthe
structure.Agalvanizedfnish
equaltoASTMA653(A653M)-G30
minimumisrecommended.
Whencompositedeckwitha
phosphatizedtopandpainted
bottomisused,theprimercoat
isintendedtoprotectthesteel
foronlyashortperiodof
exposureinordinaryatmospheric
conditionsandshallbe
consideredanimpermanentand
provisionalcoating.
2.4 Design:
A.Deckasaform
1.Thesectionpropertiesfor
thesteelfoordeckunit(asa
forminbending)shallbe
computedinaccordancewith
theNorth American Specifcation
for the Design of Cold-Formed
Steel Structural Members.
2.AllowableStressDesign(ASD):
Bendingstressshallnotexceed
0.60timestheyieldstrength,
norexceed36ksi(250MPa)
underthecombinedloads
ofwetconcrete,deckweight,
andthefollowingconstruction
liveloads:20poundsper
squarefoot(1kPa)uniform
loador150poundconcentrated
loadona1-0(300mm)wide
sectionofdeck(2.2kNperm).
Theinteractionofshearand
bendingshallbeconsideredin
thecalculations.
(SeeFigure1-AttachmentC1)
3.LoadandResistance
FactorDesign(LRFD):Theload
combinationsforconstruction
areasshowninAttachmentC1.
Loadfactorsshallbein
accordancewithASCE7(See
Section1.2.A.5).The
resistancefactorsandnominal
resistancesshallbein
accordancewithNorth
American Specifcation for
the Design of Cold-Formed
Steel Structural Members.
Commentary:Theloadingshown
inFigure1ofAttachmentC1is
representativeofthesequential
loadingofwetconcreteonthe
deck.The150poundload(perfoot
ofwidth)istheresultofdistributing
a300pound(1.33kN)manovera
2foot(600mm)width.Experience
hasshownthistobeaconservative
distribution.Themetricequivalent
ofthe150poundloadis2.2kNper
meterofwidth.Forsinglespan
deckconditions,theabilityto
controltheconcreteplacement
mayberestrictedandan
amplifcationfactorof1.5isapplied
totheconcreteloadtoaddressthis
condition;however,inordertokeep
this50%loadincreasewithina
reasonablelimit,theincreaseisnot
toexceed30psf(1.44kPa).InLRFD,
aloadfactorforconstructionof1.4
isappliedtothisload.Whenever
possible,thedeckshallbe
multi-spanandnotrequireshoring
duringconcreteplacement.
4.DeckDefection:Calculated
defectionsofthedeck,asa
form,shallbebasedonthe
loadofthewetconcreteas
determinedbythedesignslab
thicknessandtheweightof
thesteeldeck,uniformly
loadedonallspans,andshall
belimitedto1/180ofthe
clearspanor3/4inch
(20mm),whicheverissmaller.
Calculateddefectionsshallbe
relativetosupportingmembers.
Commentary:Thedefection
calculationsdonottakeinto
accountconstructionloads
becausetheseareconsidered
temporaryloads.Thedeckis
designedtoalwaysbeintheelastic
rangesoremovaloftemporary
loadsshouldallowthedeckto
recover.Thestructuralsteelalso
defectsundertheloadingofthe
wetconcrete.
Thedesignerisurgedtocheck
thedefectionofthetotalsystem,
especiallyifcompositebeams
andgirdersarebeingused.Ifthe
designerwantstoinclude
additionalconcreteloadingonthe
deckbecauseofframedefection,
theadditionalloadshouldbe
shownonthedesigndrawingsor
statedinthedecksectionofthe
jobspecifcations.
5.MinimumBearing:Minimum
interiorbearinglengthsshall
bedeterminedinaccordance
withthewebcrippling
provisionsoftheNorth
American Specifcation for the
Design of Cold-Formed Steel
Structural Members;auniform
Table 2.2.1
Gage Design Minimum
No. Thickness Thickness
in. mm. in. mm.
22 0.0295 0.75 0.028 0.71
21 0.0329 0.84 0.031 0.79
20 0.0358 0.91 0.034 0.86
19 0.0418 1.06 0.040 1.01
18 0.0474 1.20 0.045 1.14
17 0.0538 1.37 0.051 1.30
16 0.0598 1.52 0.057 1.44
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Composite Steel Floor Deck
C1.0 - 2006 Standard for
AMRlCAN NA7l0NAL S7AN0AR0S lNS7l7U7/ S7L 0CK lNS7l7U7
STEEL DECK
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loadingcaseofwetconcrete,
plustheweightofthesteel
deck,plus20psf(1kPa)
constructionloadshallbeused.
(SeeFigure3-AttachmentC1)
Commentary:Experience
hasshownthat1-1/2inches
(38mm)ofbearingissuffcient
forcompositefoordecks.If
lessthan1-1/2inches(38mm)of
endbearingisavailable,orifhigh
supportreactionsareexpected,
thedesignprofessionalshould
checkthedeckwebcrippling
capacity.Thedeckmustbe
adequatelyattachedtothe
structuretopreventslipoff.
6.DiaphragmShearCapacity:
Diaphragmswithoutconcrete
shallbedesignedinaccordance
withtheSDIDiaphragm Design
Manual, orfromtests
conductedbyanindependent
professionalengineer.
Commentary:Calculationsof
diaphragmstrengthandstiffness
shouldbemadeusingtheSDI
Diaphragm Design Manual. If
testingisusedasthemeansfor
determiningthediaphragm
strengthandstiffness,thenit
shouldfollowtheAISITS7-02
testprotocol.
B. DeckandConcreteasa
CompositeSlab:
1.General:TheSDIMethod
(refertoSDIComposite Deck
Design Handbook)shallbe
limitedtogalvanizedor
topsideuncoatedsteeldecks
withembossments.The
embossmentpatternsshall
betypicalofthemanufactured
steeldeckwiththedepthofthe
embossmentnotlessthan90%
ofthetestedembossment
depth.(RefertoAttachmentC4
forfurtherlimitations).

Thecompositeslabshallbedesigned
asareinforcedconcreteslabwith
thesteeldeckactingasthepositive
reinforcement.Thedeckmustbe
suitabletodevelopcomposite
interaction.Justifcationofthis
requiresfullscaletestingasper
ASTME2322,orcalculationsbased
upontesting.
a. AllowableStrengthDesign
(ASD)shallbepermittedasan
alternatedesignmethod.
(SeeSDIComposite Deck
Design Handbook.)
b. Standardreinforcedconcrete
designproceduresshallbeused
todetermineultimateload
capacity.Theallowable
superimposedloadshallthen
bedeterminedbydeducting
theweightoftheslabandthe
deck.AttachmentC4,
Strength and Serviceability
Determination of Composite
Deck Slabshallbeusedfor
strengthdetermination.
Commentary:Highconcentrated
loads,diaphragmloads,etc.require
additionalanalysis.Horizontal
loadcapacitiescanbedetermined
byreferringtotheSDIDiaphragm
Design Manual.Concentratedloads
canbeanalyzedbythemethods
shownintheSDIComposite Deck
Design Handbook. Mostpublished
liveloadtablesarebasedon
simplespananalysisofthe
compositesystem;thatis,the
slabisassumedtocrackovereach
support.
2.LoadDetermination:Using
standardreinforcedconcrete
designprocedures,the
allowablesuperimposedload
shallbefoundbyusing
appropriateloadand
resistancedesignfactors(LRFD)
andapplicablereduction
factorsbasedonthepresence,
absence,orspacingofshear
studsonbeamsperpendicular
tothedeck.(Referto
AttachmentC4andC5)
Commentary:Byusingthe
referenceanalysistechniquesor
testresults,thedeckmanufacturer
determinestheliveloadsthatcan
beappliedtothecompositedeck
slabcombination.Theresultsare
usuallypublishedasuniformload
tables.Formostapplications,the
deckthicknessandprofleis
selectedsothatshoringisnot
required;theliveloadcapacityof
thecompositesystemisusually
morethanadequateforthe
superimposedliveloads.In
calculatingthesectionproperties
ofthedeck,theAISIprovisionsmay
requirethatcompressionzonesin
thedeckbereducedtoan
effectivewidth,butastensile
reinforcement,thetotalareaof
thecrosssectionmaybeused.
(SeeattachmentC5)
Coatingsotherthanthosetested
maybeinvestigated,andifthere
isevidencethattheirperformance
isbetterthanthatofthetested
product,additionaltestingmay
notberequired.
3.Concrete:Concretedesign
shallbeinaccordancewiththe
ACIBuilding Code
Requirements for Reinforced
Concrete. Minimum
compressivestrength(fc)shall
beaminimumof3ksi
(20MPa)orasrequiredforfre
ratingsordurability.
Admixturescontainingchloride
saltsshallnotbeused.
Commentary:Loadtablesare
generallycalculatedbyusinga
concretestrengthof3ksi(20MPa).
Compositeslabcapacitiesarenot
greatlyaffectedbyvariationsin
concretecompressivestrength;
but,ifthestrengthfallsbelow
3ksi(20MPa)itwouldbeadvisable
tocheckshearstudstrengths.Fire
ratingrequirementsmaydictate
theminimumconcretestrength.
Theuseofadmixturescontaining
chloridesaltsisnotallowed
becausethesaltswillcorrodethe
steeldeck.
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a.MinimumCover:Theminimum
concretethicknessabovethe
topofthesteeldeckshallbe
2inches(50mm).When
additional(negativebending)
reinforcementisplacedinthe
slab,theminimumcoverof
concreteabovethereinforcing
shallbeinaccordancewiththe
ACI Building Code Requirements
for Reinforced Concrete.
4.Defection:Defectionofthe
compositeslabshallnotexceed
1/360oftheclearspanunder
thesuperimposedliveload.
Commentary:Liveloaddefections
areseldomadesignfactor.The
defectionoftheslab/deck
combinationcanbepredictedby
usingtheaverageofthecracked
anduncrackedmomentsofinertia
asdeterminedbythetransformed
sectionmethodofanalysis.Referto
AttachmentC5ofthisspecifcation
ortheSDIComposite Deck Design
Handbook.
5.SuspendedLoads:All
suspendedloadsmustbe
includedintheanalysisand
calculationsforstrengthand
defection.
Commentary:Thedesignermust
takeintoaccountthesequence
ofloading.Suspendedloadsmay
includeceilings,lightfxtures,
ductsorotherutilities.The
designermustbeinformedofany
loadsappliedafterthecomposite
slabhasbeeninstalled.
Careshouldbeusedduringthe
placementofloadsonalltypesof
hangertabsorotherhanging
devicesforthesupportofceilings
sothatanapproximateuniform
loadingismaintained.The
individualmanufacturershouldbe
consultedforallowableloadingon
singlehangertabs.Improperuseof
hangertabsorotherhanging
devicescouldresultinthe
overstressingoftabsand/orthe
overloadingofthecomposite
deckslab.
6.Reinforcement:
a.Temperatureandshrinkage
reinforcement,consistingof
weldedwirefabricorreinforcing
bars,shallhaveaminimum
areaof0.00075timesthearea
oftheconcreteabovethedeck
(perfootormeterofwidth),
butshallnotbelessthanthe
areaprovidedby6x6-W1.4x
W1.4weldedwirefabric.
Fibersshallbepermittedasa
suitablealternativetothe
weldedwirefabricspecifed
fortemperatureandshrinkage
reinforcement.Cold-drawn
steelfbersmeetingthecriteria
ofASTMA820,ataminimum
additionrateof25lb/cuyd
(14.8kg/cumeter),ormacro
syntheticfbersCoarsefbers
(perASTMSubcommittee
CO9.42),madefromvirgin
polyolefn,shallhavean
equivalentdiameterbetween
0.4mm(0.016in.)and1.25mm
(0.05in.),havingaminimum
aspectratio(length/equivalent
diameter)of50,ataminimum
additionrateof4lb./cuyd
(2.4kg/m
3
)aresuitabletobe
usedasminimumtemperature
andshrinkagereinforcement.
Commentary:Neitherweldedwire
fabricorfberswillprevent
cracking;however,theyhave
beenshowntodoagoodjob
ofcrackcontrol.Theweldedwire
fabricmustbeplacednearthetop
oftheslab[3/4to1inchcover
(20to25mm)]atsupportsand
drapedtowardthecenterofthe
deckspan.Ifaweldedwirefabric
isusedwithasteelareagiven
bytheaboveformula,itwillnot
besuffcientasthetotalnegative
reinforcement.Iftheminimum
quantityofsteelfbers,ormacro
syntheticfbers,areusedfor
shrinkageandtemperature
reinforcement,theywillnotbe
suffcientasatotalnegative
reinforcement.
b.Negative:Whennegative
momentexists,thedeckshall
bedesignedtoactonlyasa
permanentform.
Commentary:Compositesteel
deckdoesnotfunctionas
compressionreinforcingsteelin
areasofnegativemoment.Ifthe
designerwantsacontinuousslab,
thennegativebendingreinforcing
shouldbedesignedusing
conventionalreinforcedconcrete
designtechniquesincompliance
withtheACIBuilding Code
Requirements for Reinforced
Concrete.Theweldedwirefabric,
chosenfortemperature
reinforcing,maynotsupply
enoughareaforcontinuity.The
deckisnotconsideredtobe
compressionreinforcement.
Typicallynegativereinforcement
isrequiredatallcantileveredslabs,
orifacontinuousslabisdesired.
c.Distribution:Whenlocalized
loadsexceedthepublished
uniformcompositedeckload
tables,thedesignershall
proportiondistribution
reinforcementusing
conventionalconcretedesign
methods.
Commentary:Distributionsteel
mayberequiredinadditiontothe
weldedwirefabricorsteelfbers.
Concentratedloads,eitherduring
constructionorin-service,arethe
mostcommonexampleofthis
requirement.Concentratedloads
maybeanalyzedbythemethods
inthelatestSDIComposite Deck
Design Handbook.
7.CantileverLoads:When
cantileveredslabsare
encountered,thedeckacts
onlyasapermanentform;top
reinforcingsteelshallbe
proportionedbythedesigner.
Forconstructionloads,thedeck
shallbedesignedforthemore
severeof(a)deckplusslab
weightplus20psf(1kPa)
constructionloadonboth
cantileverandadjacentspan,or
(b)deckplusslabweighton
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Composite Steel Floor Deck
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AMRlCAN NA7l0NAL S7AN0AR0S lNS7l7U7/ S7L 0CK lNS7l7U7
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bothcantileverandadjacent
spanplusa150pound(665N)
concentratedloadperfootof
widthatendofcantilever.The
loadfactorsforbending,shear,
andinteriorbearingshallbeas
requiredbyASCE7.Resistance
factorsforbending,shear,and
interiorbearingshallbein
accordancewiththeNorth
American Specifcation for the
Design of Cold Formed
Structural Members.

Themaximumcantilever
defectionasaform,under
deckplusslabweight,shallbe
a/90whereaisthecantilever
length,andshallnotexceed
3/4inches(19mm).
Sidelapsshallbeattachedat
theendofthecantileverand
amaximumspacingof12
inches(300mm)o.c.fromthe
cantileverend.Each
corrugationshallbe
fastenedatboththeperimeter
supportandthefrstinterior
support.Thedeckshallbe
completelyattachedtothe
supportsandatthesidelaps
beforeanyloadisappliedtothe
cantilever.Concreteshallnotbe
placedonthecantileveruntil
afterplacementontheadjacent
span.
8. DiaphragmShearCapacity:
Diaphragmswithconcreteshall
bedesignedinaccordancewith
theSDIDiaphragm Design
Manual,orfromtestsconducted
byanindependentprofessional
engineer.
Commentary:Calculationsof
diaphragmstrengthandstiffness
shouldbemadeusingtheSDI
Diaphragm Design Manual. If
testingisusedasthemeansfor
determiningthediaphragm
strengthandstiffness,thenit
shouldfollowtheAISITS7-02test
protocol.

2.5 Accessories:
A.Pourstops,columnclosures,
endclosures,coverplates,and
girderfllersshallbethetype
suitablefortheapplication.
Pourstopminimumgages
shallbeinaccordancewiththe
SteelDeckInstitute.(SeePour
Stop Selection Table,
AttachmentC2)

B. Mechanicalfastenersorwelds
shallbepermittedfordeckand
accessoryattachment.
3. Execution
3.1 Installation/ General:
A. Supportframingandfeld
conditionsshallbeexamined
forcompliancewithinstallation
tolerancesandother
conditionsaffecting
performanceofworkofthis
section.AllOSHArulesfor
erectionshallbefollowed.
B. Deckpanelsshallbeinstalled
onaconcretesupport
structureonlyafterthe
concretehasattained75%of
itsspecifeddesignstrength.
C. Deckpanelsandaccessories
shallbeinstalledaccording
totheSDIManual of
Construction with Steel Deck,
placementplans,and
requirementsofthisSection.
D. Temporaryshoring,ifrequired,
shallbeinstalledbefore
placingdeckpanels.
Temporaryshoringshallbe
designedtoresistaminimum
uniformloadof50psf(2.4kPa),
andloadingcriteriaindicated
onAttachmentC1.Shoring
shallbesecurelyinplace
beforethefoordeckerection
begins.Theshoringshallbe
designedandinstalledin
accordancewiththeACI
Building Code Requirements
for Reinforced Concreteand
shallbeleftinplaceuntilthe
slabattains75%ofitsspecifed
designstrengthanda
minimumofseven(7)days.
E. Deckpanelsshallbeplaced
onstructuralsupportsand
adjustedtofnalpositionwith
endsaligned,andattached
securelytothesupports
immediatelyafterplacement
inordertoformasafeworking
platform.Alldecksheetsshall
haveadequatebearingand
fasteningtoallsupportsto
preventslipoffduring
construction.Deckendsover
supportsshallbeinstalled
withaminimumendbearing
of1-1/2inches(38mm).Deck
areassubjecttoheavyor
repeatedtraffc,concentrated
loads,impactloads,wheel
loads,etc.shallbeadequately
protectedbyplankingor
otherapprovedmeanstoavoid
overloadingand/ordamage.
F. ButtedEnds:Deckends
shallbebuttedoversupports.
Commentary:Lappingcomposite
deckendscanbediffcult
becauseshearlugs(web
embossment)orprofleshape
canpreventatightmetalto
metalft.Thespacebetween
lappedsheetscanmake
weldedattachmentsmore
diffcult.Gapsareacceptable
upto1(25mm)atbuttedends.
G. Deckunitsandaccessoriesshall
becutandneatlyftaround
scheduledopeningsandother
workprojectingthroughor
adjacenttothedecking.
Commentary:Itisthe
responsibilityofthedesignerto
designateholes/openingstobe
deckedoverincompliancewith
applicablefederalandstateOSHA
directives.Careshouldbetaken
toanalyzespansbetween
supportsatopeningswhen
determiningthoseholes/openings
tobedeckedover.Whenaframed
openingspanexceedsthe
maximumdeckspanlimitsfor
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constructionloads,theopening
mustbedetailedaroundinstead
ofdeckedover.(Minimumfoor
constructionload50lbs./sq.ft.
(2.4kPa),unlessspecifc
requirementsdictateotherwise).
Whenaframedhole/openingin
foordeckisshownand
dimensionedonthestructural
designdrawings,pourstop
(screed)angleisrequiredtotop
ofslab.Whenspecifed,cellclosure
anglewillbeprovidedattheopen
endsofdeckinstandard10-0
(3m)lengthstobefeldsized,cut
andinstalled.Alternatemeansto
damconcretemaybeusedinlieu
ofcellclosure,atthediscretionof
theinstaller,ifapprovedbythe
designer.
Whenahole/openingisnotshown
anddimensionedonthe
structuraldesigndrawings,no
provisionsforconcreteretainage
willbeprovidedbythemetaldeck
manufacturer/supplier.Metalfoor
deckingholesandopeningstobe
cutaftertheconcretepourshall
notbefeldcutuntilconcretehas
reached75%ofitsdesignstrength
andaminimumofseven(7)days.
H. Tradesthatsubsequentlycut
unscheduledopenings
throughthedeckshallbe
responsibleforreinforcing
theseopeningsbaseduponan
approvedengineereddesign.
3.2 Installation/Anchorage:
A. Floordeckunitsshallbe
anchoredtosteelsupporting
membersincludingperimeter
supportsteeland/orbearing
wallsbyarcspotpuddlewelds
ofthefollowingdiameterand
spacing,flletweldsofequal
strength,ormechanical
fasteners.
1.Allweldingofdeckshallbein
strictaccordancewithANSI/AWS
D1.3,Structural Welding Code-
Sheet Steel. Eachweldershall
demonstrateanabilityto
producesatisfactorywelds
usingaproceduresuchas
shownintheSDIManual of
Construction with Steel Deck, or
asdescribedinANSI/AWSD1.3.
2.Aminimumvisible5/8inch
(15mm)diameterarc
puddleweldshallbeused.
Weldmetalshallpenetrateall
layersofdeckmaterial,and
shallhavegoodfusionto
thesupportingmembers.
3.Edgeribsofpanelsshallbe
weldedateachsupport.
Spaceadditionalweldsan
averageof12inches(300mm)
apartbutnotmorethan
18inches(460mm).
4.Whenused,flletweldsshallbeat
least1-1/2inches(38mm)long.
5.Mechanicalfasteners,either
powderactuated,
pneumaticallydriven,or
screws,shallbepermittedin
lieuofweldingtofastendeck
tosupportingframingif
fastenersmeetallproject
servicerequirements.When
thefastenersarepowder
actuatedorpneumatically
driven,theloadvalueper
fastenerusedtodeterminethe
maximumfastenerspacingis
basedonaminimumstructural
supportthicknessofnotless
than1/8inch(3mm)andon
thefastenerprovidinga
minimum5/16inch(8mm)
diameterbearingsurface
(fastenerheadsize).Whenthe
structuralsupportthicknessis
lessthan1/8inch(3mm),
powderactuatedor
pneumaticallydrivenfasteners
shallnotbeused,butscrews
areacceptable.
Commentary:Mechanical
fasteners(screws,powderor
pneumaticallydrivenfasteners,
etc.)arerecognizedasviable
anchoringmethods,provided
thetypeandspacingofthe
fastenersatisfesthedesign
criteria.Documentationinthe
formoftestdata,design
calculations,ordesigncharts
shouldbesubmittedbythe
fastenermanufacturerasthe
basisforobtainingapproval.
6.Fordeckunitswithspans
greaterthan5feet(1.5m),side
lapsandperimeteredgesof
unitsbetweenspansupports
shallbefastenedatintervals
notexceeding36inches(1m)
oncenter,usingoneofthe
followingmethods:
a.#10selfdrillingscrews
b.Crimporbuttonpunch
c.Arcpuddlewelds5/8inch
(15mm)minimumvisible
diameter,orminimum1inch
(25mm)longflletweld.
Commentary:Theabovesidelap
spacingisaminimum.Service
loadsordiaphragmdesignmay
requirecloserspacingorlarger
sidelapwelds.Goodmetalto
metalcontactisnecessaryfora
goodsidelapweld.Burnholes
aretobeexpected.
B. AccessoryAttachment:

1.PourStopandGirderFillers:
Pourstopsandgirderfllers
shallbefastenedtosupporting
structureinaccordancewith
theSDIStandard Practice
Details, and Attachment C2.
2.FloorDeckClosures:
Columnclosures,cellclosures,
girderclosuresandZclosures
shallbefastenedtoprovide
tightfttingclosuresatopen
endsofribsandsidesof
decking.Fastencellclosuresat
changesofdirectionoffoor
deckunitsunlessotherwise
directed.
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C1.0 - 2006 Attachment C1
Composite Deck Construction Loading Diagrams
FIGURE 1
Loading Diagrams
and Bending Moments
FIGURE 2
Loading Diagrams
and Defections
FIGURE 3
Loading Diagrams
and Support Reactions
Simple
Span
Condition
Double
Span
Condition
Triple
Span
Condition
P
W1
1
+M=.25Pl+0.125W1
1
l
2
l
+M=.125(W1
1
+W2)l
2
l
W2
W1
1
P
W1
+M=.20Pl+.094W1l
2
l l
W1
+M=.094(W1+W2)l
2
l l
W2
W1
M=.117(W1+W2)l
2
l l
W2
l
l
l
P
W1
+M=.203Pl+.096W1l
2
l l
W1
+M=.096(W1+W2)l
2
l l
W2
W1
M=.125(W1+W2)l
2
l l
W2
Simple
Span
Condition
Double
Span
Condition
Triple
Span
Condition
Simple
Span
Condition
Double
Span
Condition
Triple
Span
Condition
l
l l
l l l
W1
W1
W1
.0130W1l
4
EI
= (1728)
.0054W1l
4
EI
= (1728)
.0069W1l
4
EI
= (1728)
W1
W2
W1
W2
W1
W2
l
l l
l l l
P
ext
P
ext
P
ext
=.5(W1+W2)l
P
ext
P
ext
P
ext
=.375(W1+W2)l
P
ext
P
ext
=1.25(W1+W2)l
P
ext
P
ext
P
ext
=.4(W1+W2)l
P
ext
P
ext
=1.1(W1+W2)l
P
ext
Notes for Figures 1, 2, and 3 LRFD Load Factors
P = 150poundconcentratedload................................ 1.4
I = in
4
/ft.-deckmomentofinertia
W1 = slabweight...................................................... 1.6
+deckweight...................................................1.2
W2 = 20poundspersquarefootconstructionload...............1.4
E = 29.5x10
6
psi
l = clearspanlength(ft.)
W1
1
= 1.5xslabweight+deckweight<slabweight
+30+deckweight
Dimensionalcheckshowstheneedforthe1728factorwhen
calculatingdefectionsusingpoundinchunits.
Note:Inadditiontoananalysisofslabweightplusconstructionsurcharge,thedeckmust
beindependentlyinvestigatedforatotalconstructionloadof50psf.Thesteploadsin
fgures1through3shallbeused.
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C1.0 - 2006 Attachment C2
Pour Stop Selection Table
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

20 20 20 20 18 18 16 14 12 12 12 10 10
20 20 20 18 18 16 16 14 12 12 12 10 10
20 20 20 18 18 16 16 14 12 12 12 10 10
20 20 18 18 16 16 14 14 12 12 10 10 10
20 20 18 18 16 16 14 14 12 12 10 10
20 18 18 16 16 14 14 12 12 12 10 10
20 18 18 16 16 14 14 12 12 12 10 10
20 18 16 16 14 14 12 12 12 12 10 10
18 18 16 16 14 14 12 12 12 10 10 10
18 18 16 14 14 12 12 12 12 10 10
18 16 16 14 14 12 12 12 12 10 10
18 16 14 14 14 12 12 12 10 10 10
18 16 14 14 12 12 12 12 10 10 10
16 16 14 14 12 12 12 10 10 10
16 14 14 12 12 12 12 10 10 10
16 14 14 12 12 12 10 10 10 10
14 14 12 12 12 12 10 10 10
14 14 12 12 12 10 10 10 10
14 12 12 12 12 10 10 10
14 12 12 12 12 10 10 10
14 12 12 12 10 10 10
12 12 12 12 10 10 10
12 12 12 10 10 10
12 12 12 10 10 10
12 12 10 10 10 10
12 12 10 10 10
12 12 10 10 10
12 10 10 10
12 10 10 10
12 10 10
10 10 10
10 10
10 10
ovERhANG (INChES)
4.00
4.25
4.50
4.75
5.00
5.25
5.50
5.75
6.00
6.25
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.25
9.50
9.75
10.00
10.25
10.50
10.75
11.00
11.25
11.50
11.75
12.00
SLAB
(INChES)
PoUR SToP TyPES
DEPTh
NoTES: This Selection Chart is based on following criteria:
1. Normalweightconcrete(150PCF).
2. Horizontalandverticaldefectionislimitedto maximumforconcretedeadload.
3. Designstressislimitedto20KSIforconcretedeadloadtemporarilyincreasedbyone-thirdfortheconstructionliveloadof20PSF.
4. PourStopSelectionChartdoesnotconsidertheeffectoftheperformance,defection,orrotationofthepourstopsupportwhichmay
includeboththesupportingcompositedeckand/ortheframe.
5. Verticallegreturnlipisrecommendedforalltypes(gages).
TYPES
DESIGN
THICKNESS
0.0358
0.0474
0.0598
0.0747
0.1046
0.1345
20
18
16
14
12
10
1 (25mm)flletwelds
@12 o.c. pourstop slab
depth
2 (50mm)min.
overhang
seenote5

m
i
n
.
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C1.0 - 2006 Attachment C3
SI Units Conversion Tables
LENGTh
AREA
MASS
FoRCE
PRESSURE
SECTIoN
MoDULUS
MoMENT oF
INERTIA
intomm
fttomm
fttom
in
2
tomm
2
ft
2
tom
2
lbtokg
2000lbto1000kg
lb/fttokg/m
lb/ft
3
tokg/m
3
lb/yd
3
tokg/m
3
lbtoN
kiptokN
lb/intoN/m
lb/fttoN/m
kip/fttokN/m
psftokN/m
2
lb/in
2
tokPa
lb/ft
2
tokPa
kip/in
2
toMPa
in
3
tomm
3
in
3
/fttomm
3
/m
in
4
tomm
4
in
4
/fttomm
4
/m
25.4(exact)
304.8(exact)
0.3048(exact)
645.16(exact)
0.092903
0.453592
0.907185
1.48816
16.0185
0.593276
4.44822
4.44822
175.127
14.5939
14.5939
47.880
6.89476
0.04788
6.89476
16387.1
53763.5
416231
1365587
To ChANGE MULTIPLy By
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C1.0 - 2006 Attachment C4
Strength and Serviceability Determination of Composite Deck-Slab
Unlesscompositedeck-slabsare
designedforcontinuity,theload
affectsareassumedtoacton
simplespans.
C4.1StrengthforBending
Thissectionisused
todeterminethebending
strengthofthecomposite
deck-slab.
A. SDIMethod-WithNoShear
StudsonBeams
Thismethodisusedifthereare
noshearstudspresentonthe
beamsupportingthe
compositesteeldeck.
Theresistingmoment,M
no
,of
thecompositesectionis
determinedbasedonacracked
sectionanalysis.Referto
attachmentC5forcalculation
ofthetransformedsection
properties.
where
F
y
= yieldstressofsteel
deck60ksi
h = slabdepth
I
cr
= crackedsection
momentofinertia
M
no
= nominalresistingmoment
Y
cc
= distancefromtopofslab
toneutralaxisofcracked
section
= 0.85andistheresistance
factor
1)Limitations
TheSDIMethodshallbe
limitedtogalvanizedortopside
uncoatedsteeldeckswith
embossments.Theembossment
patternsshallbetypicalofthe
manufacturedsteeldeckwith
thedepthoftheembossment
notlessthan90%ofthetested
embossmentdepth.Theweb
angle,,shallbelimitedto
valuesbetween55and90and
thewebsshallhaveno
reentrantbendsintheirfat
width.Thesteelsectiondepth,
d
d
,islimitedto3in.(75mm).
Theconcretedesign
compressivestrengthsshallbe
between2500psi(17MPa)and
6000psi(40MPa).Theminimum
concretethicknessabovethesteel
deckshallbe2inches(50mm).
Theusableslabcapacityis
limitedtodeckswiththickness
0.0474inches(1.20mm)unless
suffcienttestdataisavailableto
supporttheuseofthemethod
withdeckofgreaterthickness.
2)ContinuityOverSupports
Incontinuousslabs,those
sectionssubjectedtonegative
momentsshallbedesignedas
conventionallyreinforced
concreteslabs.Incomposite
slabs,momentsandshearsshall
becalculatedbyananalysisor,if
applicable,bythecoeffcientsof
Chapter8ofACIBuilding Code
Requirements for Reinforced
Concrete,ACI318.
3)AllowableStressDesign
Allowablestressdesign(ASD)
isacceptableasanalternate
designmethod.SeetheSDI
Composite Deck Design
Handbook.
B. SDIMethod-WithShear
StudsonBeams
Thismethodistobeusedif
thereareshearstudspresent
onthebeamsupportingthe
compositesteeldeckin
suffcientquantitytodevelop
theultimatecapacityofthe
sectioninbending,oriftestson
aparticulardeckprofle
haveshownthatthedeckis
capableofdevelopingthefull
ultimatemomentwithoutshear
studs.
where
A
s
= steeldeckareaperunit
widthofsteeldeck
a = = developeddepth
ofconcreteinthe
compressionzone
b = unitwidth
d = distancefromthetopoftheslab
tothecentroidofthesteeldeck
F
y
= steelyieldstrength,notto
exceed60ksi(415MPa)
M
nf
= nominal(ultimate)moment
capacitywithstudsonbeam
= 0.85andistheresistancefactor
Thismethodislimitedto
constructionswherethenumber
ofshearstudspresentequalsor
exceedsN
s
,theminimumnumber
ofshearstudsperfootofdeck
widthtodevelopthefullcross
sectionofthesteeldeck.
where
A
bf
= deckbottomfangeareaper
unitwidthofsteeldeck
A
sc
= cross-sectionalareaofstud
shearconnector,in
2
(mm
2
)1/2
and3/4diameterstudsare
acceptable
A
webs
=deckwebareaperunitwidth
ofsteeldeck
f '
c
= concretestrength,ksi(MPa)
E
c
= modulusofelasticityof
concrete=
Q
n
=

= nominalstrengthofone
studshearconnectorin
solidconcrete
M
no
=F
y

I
cr
h-y
cc
=S
c
F
y

M
nf
=A
s
F
y
(d-a/2)
A
s
F
y
0.85f '
c
b
N
s
=
F
y
Q
n

A
webs
2
A
s
A
bf
,studs/unitwidth
w
1.5
,ksi(0.043w
1.5
,MPa)
c
f '
c c
f '
c
0.5A
sc

E
c
<0.75A
sc
F
u
f '
c


q q
q
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C1.0 - 2006 Attachment C4
(continued)
Thevalue,N
s
,istobeinstalled
alongeachbeam.Atbuttedend
laps,studsshallbestaggeredto
arrestbothendsofthedeckat
thecommonjoint.Atperimeter
conditionsoropenings(where
slabsarediscontinuous)all
studsmustengagethedeckend.
Thevalue,Q
n
,issubjectto
reductionwhenconsidering
compositebeamactionand
thestudisinstalledthrough
deck.Reductiondoesnotapply
tothedeterminationofN
s
.
Thefollowingistobeusedwhen
theshearstudsarepresenton
thebeamsupportingthe
compositesteeldeck,butare
notpresentinsuffcientquantity
todeveloptheultimatecapacity
ofthesectioninbending.
UseM
np
forthefactored
resistanceindesign.
where
M
no
isdeterminedfromSectionC4.1.A

M
nf
asdeterminedfromSectionC4.1.B
M
np
= useablenominalmoment
capacityatstuddensity=N '
s
N '
s
= thenumberofshearstuds
actuallypresentalongthe
beamperunitwidthofsteel
deck1/2and3/4diameter
studsareacceptable
N '
s
isdeterminedfromSectionC4.1.B

= 0.85andistheresistancefactor
C. AlternateMethods
Otherrationalmethodsfor
establishingcompositeslab
strengthcanbeusedifthe
pertinentparameters
contributingtocomposite
slabstrength(includingdeck
crosssection;steel
thickness;concreteweight,
strength,andtype;shear
transferdevices;methodof
loading;etc.)areconsidered.
Theseanalysescaninclude
nonlinearrelationshipsbetween
variousparameters.Suffcient
testsshallbemadetoestablish
themethod-testvariability.
C4.2StrengthforShear
Thissectionisusedtodetermine
theshearstrengthofthe
compositedeck-slab.

where
V
c
= 2
c
A
c
,shearresistanceof
concreteperunitwidth

V
D
= shearstrengthofthesteeldeck
sectionperunitwidth
calculatedperAISI
A
c
= concreteareaavailableto
resistshear,seeFigureC1

c
= 1.0ifconcretedensityexceeds
130lbs/ft
3
,0.75otherwise

C4.3Defection
Thedefectionofthecomposite
slabshallnotexceedspan/360
undersuperimposedload.The
defectioncanbepredictedusing
theaverageofthecrackedand
uncrackedmomentofinertiaas
determinedfromthetransformed
sectionmethodofanalysis.
M
np
=M
no
+(M
nf
M
no
)<M
nf
N '
s
N
s

f '
c
V
n
=V
c
+V
D
4A
c
f '
c
Figure C
q
q
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C1.0 - 2006 Attachment C5
Ify
cc
>h
c
usey
cc
=h
c
.
ThecrackedmomentofinertiaI
c
is
where
I
sf
isthemomentofinertiaofthefull(unreduced)
steeldeckperunitslabwidth.
C5.3 MomentofInertiaofUncrackedSection
Fortheuncrackedmomentofinertia
Theuncrackedmomentofinertiais
C5.4 MomentofInertiaofCompositeSection
Themomentofinertiaofcompositesectionconsidered
effectivefordefectivecomputationsisgivenby
C5.1TransformedCompositeNeutralAxis
Thedistancey
cc
fromtheextremecompressionfberof
theconcretetotheneutralaxisofthetransformed
compositesectionshallbedeterminedfrom
FigureC5.1andEquationC5-1.
Note: 1. Sectionshowsnon-cellulardeck.Sectionshallbe
eithercellular,ablendofcellularandnon-cellular
deck,ornon-cellulardeck
2. C.G.S.=centroidalaxisoffullcrosssectionofsteel
deck
3. Cs=pitch
4. N.A.=neutralaxisoftransformedcomposite
section
5. Wr=averageribwidth
C5.2 MomentofInertiaofCrackedSection
Wheny
cc
isequaltoorlessthanthedepthofconcrete,h
c
,
abovethetopofsteeldeck,thatis,y
cc
<h
c
,then
where
=

A
s
= areaofsteeldeckperunitslabwidth
b = unitslabwidth(12inchesinimperialunits)
d = distancefromtopofconcretetocentroidofsteeldeck
n = modularratio=
Figure C5.1-Composite Section
y
cc
=d

2n+(n)
2
n
A
s
bd
E
s
E
c
y
cc
=
b
C
s
0.5bh
2
+nA
s
d+W
r
d
d
(h0.5d
d
)
c
b
C
s
bh
c
+nA
s
+W
r
d
d

I
u
= +(y
cc
0.5h
c
)
2
+I
sf
+A
s
y
cs
++(hy
cc
0.5d
d
)
2

bh
c
12n
3
bh
c
n
2 W
r
bd
d
nC
s
d
d
12
2
y
cs
=d

y
cc
(Usey
cc
fromEquationC5-3.)
(C5-1)
f '
c
f '
c
E
s
= 29500ksi
E
c
=
1.5
ksi
= concretedensity,lbs/ft
3
= concretestrength,ksi
y
cs
=d

y
cc
(Usey
cc
fromEquationC5-1.)
I
cr
=y
cc
+A
s
y
cs
+I
sf
3 2
b
3n
(C5-2)
(C5-3)
(C5.4)
(C5.4) (Transformedtosteel) I
d
=
I
u
+I
cr
2
Section Properties of Composite Deck - Slabs
q
q