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One of the first uses of biotechnology was the application of microorganisms to food preparation through a process of fermentation.

There is evidence of beer-making in ancient Sumerians and Babylonians (7000-5000 B.C). Egyptians were using yeast to make bread by 4000 B.C with the development of the microscope, the discovery of penicillin, scientists learned a lot about microbial action. In the early 1970s scientists recombinet genetic information (DNA) in a test tube (in vitro). With the discovery of recombinant DNA technology, it became possible to modify microorganisms for different industrial applications. This was the beginning of modern biotechnology. What is this? Any technique that uses living organisms (or part of organisms) to make or modify products, to improve plants or animals, or to develop microoganisms for specific purposes. the best ideas often appear from out-side the big bureaucracies, say experts from different fields.this is also true for biotech companies. Some years ago they competed with important food and drug companies but today, they work together: the big companies provide the money and the marketing whereas the biotech companies provide the ideas. Biotechnology can change the industrial community of the 21 st century because it can produce unlimited quantities of: New products Scarce products Economical products Safe products

Many people in the industrial community think that biotechnology will produce prosperous giants such as intel, the leader in microchips, or Microsoft, the leader in software.

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