CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V MNG VOIP 1.

1 GII THIU: VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) l cng ngh truyn ti cc cuc lin lc thoi trn giao thc Internet. VoIP ang tr thnh mt trong nhng cng ngh hp dn hin nay khng ch i vi cc doanh nghip m cn c vi nhng ngi s dng dch v. VoIP c th thc hin tt c cc dch v trn PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) vi tham s cht lng dch v chp nhn c. iu ny to thun li cho nhng ngi s dng c th tit kim chi ph bao gm chi ph cho c s h tng mng v chi ph lin lc, nht l lin lc ng di. i vi nh cung cp dch v, VoIP c xem nh mt m hnh hp dn c th mang li li nhun nh kh nng m rng v pht trin cc loi hnh dch v vi chi ph thp. VoIP cho php to cuc gi ng di qua mng d liu IP c sn thay v phi truyn qua mng PSTN. Ngy nay nhiu cng ty thc hin gii php VoIP ca h gim chi ph cho nhng cuc gi ng di gia nhiu chi nhnh xa nhau. Nguyn tc VoIP gm vic s ha tn hiu ging ni, nn tn hiu s ha, chia tn hiu thnh cc gi v truyn nhng gi s liu ny trn nn IP. n ni nhn, cc gi s liu c ghp li, gii m ra tn hiu tng t phc hi thnh tn hiu ging ni ban u. 1.2 CC C TNH CA MNG VOIP: 1.2.1 u im: VoIP ra i nhm khai thc tnh hiu qu ca cc mng truyn s liu, khai thc tnh linh hot trong pht trin cc ng dng vi giao thc IP v n c p dng trn mng Internet. Cc tin b ca cng ngh mang n cho VoIP nhng u im sau: Gim chi ph cuc gi: y l u im ni bt ca VoIP so vi in thoi ng di thng thng. Chi ph cho cuc gi ng di ch bng chi ph cho vic truy cp Internet. Mt gi cc chung s thc hin c vi mng Internet v do tit kim ng k cc dch v thoi v fax. VoIP s dng c s h tng mng Internet, nn hiu qu s dng cc thit b chia s tng ln. ng thi k thut nn thoi s dng cc chun nn mi, lm gim tc xung thp hn nhiu so vi tc 64Kbps ca PSTN. C ch pht hin khong lng lm gim bng thng s dng. Kh nng m rng: cc thit b trong mng Internet thng c kh nng thm vo nhng tnh nng mi. Chnh tnh mm do ny mang li cho dch v in thoi IP kh nng m rng d dng hn so vi in thoi truyn thng vi cc h tng i l nhng h thng kn. Kh nng tch hp nhiu chc nng: Do vic thit k c s h tng tch hp nn c kh nng h tr tt c cc hnh thc thng tin cho php chun ha tt hn v gm tng s thit b. cc tn hiu bo hiu, thoi v c s liu u c truyn trn cng mng IP. Tch hp a dch v s tit kim chi ph u t nhn lc, chi ph xy dng c s h tng cc mng ring l.

H tr truy cp vo cc thit b thng tin hin i. Hiu qu s dng bng thng cao hn: VoIP chia s bng thng gia nhiu knh logic. C th thay i bng thng d dng ty vo cht lng dch v cung cp, thay i cht lng cuc gi. Tnh mm do trong vic s dng cc thit b u cui: c rt nhiu cch la chn cc thit b u cui cho VoIP. Ch cn mt phn mm trn my tnh cng c th thc hin cuc gi VoIP. C th dng IP Phone hay cc thit b u cui h tr VoIP khc. Thng nht: Vic s dng thng nht giao thc IP cho tt c cc ng dng ha hn gim bt phc tp v tng cng tnh mm do. cc ng dng lin quan nh dch v danh b v dch v an ninh mng c th c chia s d dng hn.

1.2.2 Nhc im: Bn cnh nhng u im vt tri th VoIP vn cn tn ti nhiu nhc im cn nghin cu v khc phc Cht lng dch v cha cao: Cc mng s liu vn khng phi xy dng vi mc ch truyn thoi thi gian thc, v vy khi truyn thoi qua mng s liu cho cht lng cuc gi thp. Nguyn nhn l do gi tin truyn trong mng c tr thay i trong phm vi ln, kh nng mt mt thng tin trong mng hon ton c th xy ra. Mt yu t lm gim cht lng thoi na l k thut nn tit kim ng truyn. Nu nn dung lng xung cng thp th k thut nn cng phc tp, cho cht lng khng cao v c bit l thi gian x l s lu, gy tr. Vn ting vng: nu nh trong mng thoi, tr thp nn ting vng khng nh hng nhiu, th trong mng VoIP do tr ln nn ting vng nh hng nhiu n cht lng thoi. v vu, ting vng l mt vn cn gii quyt trong VoIP. Vn bo mt: Voice l mt loi d liu quan trng li c truyn trn mng IP c tnh cht rng khp, chu s tn cng t nhng k ph hoi l khng th trnh khi. Mng VoIP cn rt nhiu k h m cc nh cung cp dch v mng cn khc phc.

1.2.3 Cc yu cu pht trin VoIP: Dch v VoIP cn quan tm mt s vn v cht lng, bo mt, .C th nh: Cht lng thoi phi tng ng hoc hn mng PSTN v cc mng in thoi khc. Mng IP c bn phi p ng c cc tiu ch hot ng kht khe: gim ti thiu vic t chi cuc gi, mt mt gi v mt lin lc, ngt qung trong m thoi. iu ny i hi ngay c khi mng b nghn hoc khi c nhiu ngi dng cng s dng chung ti nguyn ca mng cng mt thi im. Tn hiu phi c kh nng tng tc vi cc mng khc khng gy ra s thay i khi chuyn giao gia cc mng.

Lin kt gia dch v PSTN/VoIP bao gm cc gateway gia cc mi trng mang thoi v d liu. Qun l h thng an ton.

T khi ra i, VoIP c trin khai trn thc t kim nghim v c nhng ci tin v cng ngh, cc chun giao thc phong ph, cc nh khai thc VoIP ang dn nng cao cht lng dch v. 1.3 Cc kiu kt ni s dng VoIP: 1.3.1 Computer to Computer:

Hnh 1.1 Cu hnh Computer to Computer Hai my tnh c kt ni trc tip vi nhau trong cng mt mng IP, hay gia cc mng IP vi nhau thng qua mng trung gian khc. Cc my tnh c coi nh l cc u cui, c th l my tnh a phng tin c ci t phn mm phc v dch v thoi Internet. 1.3.2 Computer to Phone:

Hnh 1.2 Cu hnh Computer to Phone Cuc gi c tin hnh t my tnh ti mt s thu bao c nh PSTN hoc mt thu bao di ng thng thng. Tn hiu thoi c truyn qua mng ti cc gateway. Ti

y cc gi tin IP c chuyn thnh tn hiu PCM 64Kbps thng thng v truyn ti tng i ni ht ca thu bao b gi v t chuyn ti my in thoi b gi. 1.3.3 Phone to Phone:

Hnh 1.3 Cu hnh Phone to Phone Hai pha u cui s dng in thoi thng thng. Tn hiu thoi PCM 64Kbps c chuyn thnh gi tin IP v ngc li ti cc gateway mi pha. Cc gi tin IP c truyn qua mng.