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SHORING SAFELY This easy-to-use Leaders Guide is provided to assist in conducting a successful presentation.

Featured are: INTRODUCTION: A brief description of the program and the subject that it addresses. PROGRAM OUTLINE: Summarizes the program content. If the program outline is discussed before the video is presented, the entire program will be more meaningful and successful. PREPARING FOR AND CONDUCTING THE PRESENTATION: These sections will help you set up the training environment, help you relate the program to site-specific incidents, and provide program objectives for focusing your presentation. REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: Questions may be copied and given to participants to document how well they understood the information that was presented. Answers to the review questions are provided separately. INTRODUCTION The only difference between a trench and a grave is a tombstone. That' s how dangerous shoring can be. Safe shoring begins before the digging starts; all prints and permits for the job must be double-checked and all utility lines must be located and marked. This program provides the viewer with information concerning safe planning for shoring as well as design, installation, removal and other safe work practices. PROGRAM OUTLINE TRENCHING HAZARDS * Utility poles, trees and boulders that block digging should be removed or supported. * If utility markings are present, you should dig the area by hand; utility lines should be supported to prevent breakage. * Keep equipment at required safe distances from overhead lines. * Wear orange clothing or reflectorized vests in work zones near traffic. SHORING SYSTEMS * Timber shoring uses uprights placed in a vertical position; whales that support horizontally; and, cross braces are made of wood or metal jacks that fit tightly between the upright or whales. * Aluminum hydraulic shoring consists of two aluminum rails that are hinged to one or two hydraulic cylinders. INSTALLING SHORING SYSTEMS * The installer stands on a ladder to avoid cave-ins and installs two sets of shores. * The installer positions the measured cross brace as straight as possible, forcing the foot on each end of the brace against the wooden upright. * The jack is nailed into place to prevent it from "kicking out."

* The first cross brace should be installed at the top to build support as you work down. * Tighten the jacks with a length of pipe without splitting the uprights. INSTALLATION PRECAUTIONS * Always install at least two cross braces to prevent a single brace from turning into a pivot point if the soil should start to cave in. * Space cross braces vertically four to five feet. * Use a hydraulic pump to expand the jacks against the trench walls. * Watch the hydraulic pressure gauge on the jacks to ensure that the shore is not leaking. TESTS FOR INSTALLATION * In visual tests, the Competent Person on site checks the soil' s cohesiveness to determine if the soil is Type A, B or C. * There are several manual tests that the Competent Person can perform; one of the simplest is the Thumb Penetration test. * How far your thumb can penetrate a clump of soil can aid in determining soil type. SHORING DESIGN * OSHA and other agencies have developed tables and charts for determining how much shoring is needed for different soil types. * A shoring chart will identify the type of soil and the proper shoring system. * Determine the size and spacing for cross braces, whales and uprights. * Read the regulations that the charts on based on to find out the limitations of the trenching system applications and use; check the exceptions. * Never use plywood as a structural part of the shoring system. SAFE WORK PRACTICES * Place ladders every 25 feet in any trench deeper than four feet; don' t use shoring components as ladders. * Test breathing air in the trench for sufficient oxygen; use respirators if necessary. * Someone should always stay above ground in case of an accident in the trench. * The Competent Person must conduct tests and inspections on the work site prior to shoring starts and after environmental changes. * If hazardous conditions exist, all work must stop until the conditions are safe. REMOVING SHORING * Always remove shoring slowly from the bottom of the trench to the top.

* After releasing the cross braces at the top, evacuate the trench and remove the uprights. * In unstable soils, tie a rope to the lower cross brace and partially loosen it; lift the brace with the ropes from the top of the trench and repeat with other cross braces. * To be safe, back fill up to the lower cross piece an then remove it. * Release the hydraulic fluid first from the bracing cylinders when removing aluminum shoring components.

PREPARE FOR THE SAFETY MEETING OR TRAINING SESSION Review each section of this Leader' s Guide as well as the videotape. Here are a few suggestions for using the program: Make everyone aware of the importance the company places on health and safety and how each person must be an active member of the safety team. Introduce the videotape program. Play the videotape without interruption. Review the program content by presenting the information in the program outline. Copy the review questions included in this Leader' s Guide and ask each participant to complete them. Maintain an attendance record and keep each participant' s test paper as written documentation of the training performed. Here are some suggestions for preparing your videotape equipment and the room or area you use: Check the room or area for quietness, adequate ventilation and temperature, lighting and unobstructed access. Check the seating arrangement and the audiovisual equipment to ensure that all participants will be able to see and hear the videotape program. Place or secure extension cords to prevent them from becoming a tripping hazard. CONDUCTING THE PRESENTATION Begin the meeting by welcoming the participants. Introduce yourself and give each person the opportunity to become acquainted if there are new people joining the training session. Explain that the primary purpose of the program is to provide information about planning, designing, installing and removing shoring at excavation sites. Introduce the videotape program. Play the videotape without interruption. Review the program content by presenting the information in the program outline. Lead discussions about preventing accidents and injuries due to improper work practices, shoring designs and/or installation. Use the review questions to check how well the program participants understood the information. After watching the videotape program, the viewer will be able to identify the following: * The potential hazards that arise during shoring and how to prevent them from causing injury; * The design of shoring operations; * How to plan for installing shoring systems and then install them.

9522 SHORING SAFELY REVIEW QUESTIONS Name____________________________________ Date____________________________


The following questions are provided to determine how well you understand the information presented in this program.

1.Most injuries occur at excavation sites because of _________________. a. cave-ins b. broken utility lines c. improper use of ladders 2. Excavation personnel working close to traffic should wear _________________________________. a. hearing protection b. steel toe shoes and hard hats c. high visibility clothing and vests 3. a. b. c. 4. a. b. c. The name of the shoring component placed in a vertical position ______________________. s an upright are whales is a mule When installing timber shoring, ________ are simultaneously installed. four shore sets two shore sets three shore sets

5. The shoring component most likely to kick out is __________________. a. a jack made of wood b. a jack made of metal c. an unnailed jack 6. a. b. c. 7. a. b. c. 8. a. b. c. 9. a. b. c. Water leaks into the trench affect which soil characteristic? cohesiveness stability penetration The simplest manual soil test is the test for _____________. plasticity penetration dry strength Shoring tables and charts should be used to determine _________________________. soil types sizing and spacing of shores trench depth and width Government regulations require ladders be placed every___ feet in the trench 25 15 35

10. To remove shoring components from a trench containing Type B soils, first______________. a. tie off the top cross brace b. remove the bottom cross brace c. remove the sheeting

9522 SHORING SAFELY ANSWERS TO THE REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. a 2. c 3. a 4. b 5. c 6. b 7. b 8. b 9. a 10. b

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