HeP, MAXIM, ApruI043I0¥ F1ux0 203526, 106. Patented Mar. 30, 1909 ~~ Inventor: py [Vera Three HeopuinnUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. FRAN PRROY 26874, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIUAUE LU MAAS SENT FIREARMS CONPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. ¥., 4 OORPORATION OF NBW JEREEY. ‘SILENT FIREARM, No. 016,885, Specification of Lottery Patent. Patented Marei $0, 1990. Aviston Aled Jax 96, 1008, eral No, 440,489, oa whom itmay concerns ‘Beit known that 1 Hiaxe Penor Maxns, a citizon of the United States, residing in ‘Hactford, in the Stato of Connecticut, have Snevonted’ge:lain aww” aul uaefal Einproves ments in Silent Firearms, of which the fol lowing is a specification, reference being had | {othe sccompanying drawing, forming part | ‘Various attempts have been made here: tofore to render noiseless the discharge of aw th [geese at the manne of she fer farm.” Tn some of the devices designed for this purpose the bore of the firearm is ob- structed mechanically after the passage of the projectile and the gases which follow tho Drolet are diveried through ports pro- ided for the purpose into chambers from yrish they are ellowe do escape gradually. Devices of thi sharactar ara marn or lave elective in reducing or preventing the noise of discharge, but in some cases they are ob- Jestionable ipon other gepunds,” Tn other of ‘the davices designed for the purpose the mine cited bit lth Bre are ion is made for the escape af the fed fom the bore of the saris near of the muzcle either directly into. the at ‘mosphere or into surrounding chamber from which they subsequently escape, it bow ing the intention in such eases that the escape ofthe gases shall be so gradual es at lonst fo uuinish thenolseot discharge. Instllother of the devices in which the mechanical ob- struction of the boro is avoided, dollectors | pesfoated forthe passage of the projectile | No dispose eyo the tauzzle foF the pus? pose of distributing the gases of explosion over a lange area and of directing them either laterally or rearwardly or both laterally and rearwardly, Weoley belay proposed hi gon ces oi omaha te scape of he uses, Practically, however, dovices of 1 {ro lasses ast mentionad, at lenst sofas as produced hitherte, have hed, in soone caso, ho substantial effect. in reducing the noise of discharge, and in. some eases have been Fa 20 2 %0 4 able at the most only to modify the noise | I of discharge in the Present invention it has bean dix covered that the noise of the discharge of a firearm, so far as it is due to the escape of Dowder gases inta the stmaephare, cam be sarms bj ting the sudden rolease of firearms by preventing ase of | pi 45 Overoome if the gases, following the’ project= fle, are made to dissipate. their energy. by Deing given a rotary or whirling movement: 1rolile chambek, he velesey Beit Deine 98 great that the Peper velocit hel ich gradually retarded and the gases are pert, fod to escepo gradually thoough an tod to gradually Tone gm opening forthe pacege of theprolcetie’ Sa derelict ome of « single ange mlght reveve the Gael lay oe ane moran Is hnmbar, racially on acevua tnaiderebl igo which’ ingle chamber srplomcari ve dele fo Sropresdoretermge one aoae Atidag which tho gate of single dace ie dusibted ad from ene to anther ot That volo hneededealy naduseae tee ae iol nena eu ae ably reversed in the pocenge from ax ohn. Bar the nae ‘dance ote faces being thus producett wherdhy shee nergy is the more Guickly dissipated” Sut chambers, however migi be mat to com ‘unicate with the bore ofthe firearm at ai ferent points alone itelenath, but are prof: ably looted at the true inane of Ue foe. «the point where the project Hen are odie fa masini ape. tg and consltate anoxtension of the bare sao emtitangrane i elas horsinafter with reference to the seeomapany- Ing drawing in whieh two diferent forins of the deviess for developing the desired rotary ovement of the gues re alow as es. trative of tho nature of the invention porting lle or ‘one’ embody ig. 2s o detail ew, in longitudinal section and on an en- larged scale, of the “device or appliance shown in Fg. 1, Pig. Sinn view sifu Co : ing miro of enna ‘up the rotary on Whiting move: gue, Figs rey a ane. ment of wotee eoction on tho plone fadicgtod Uy se Tine 44 of Fig. 3 0 % as 0 9 100 noObviously the invention is applicable to any form of Srearm, whether pista), shoulder sri teeing an cr hesry ordnance but an Stplanation afte natnne of tho onvention Sehnestion withthe application to ashoulder frm wll b uffiient, "The rie represented Tg ote drawing opie a bard, fatal) and fring techahiain At Die fet gma oi psccied 6 cae fag. o; priferably substantially eirular in ge beotion and of greater or leas length wc. Sording to the result to. be produced, such enMisving ar openg if ne withthe ‘Dore ifthe betrel for the passage of the pro- 18 joo but pretrably beving it walls other Mie imperforate, Within the casing @ is & Sen of dip having aa op 3, partitions or spreaders ‘opering in line with the bore of {he barrel for the passage of the projectile sshd forming cells Or separate chainbers in each of whith rotary muyeuent uf die body of the gases following the projectile is esteb- lished.” In the form of the device shown in Fig. 2, each of auch ces is annular, with ref- 20 0 tem, about which iti disposed, the. dae phragm being spiral or conchoidal in cross ection about the opening for the of {he projctil, with tho mouth or wall abest the opening directed toward the breech of the firearm so that the gases which follow the Drojectil from the muzzle of the firearm, as upend ar diverge, ane direnta, hy the ding rurface presented by tho diaphragm Breall al into tho adjacent chamber orl Annotate body of gaa within the ell {he main portion ofthe ebamber being ge ‘erally circular in cross section, thats, of such {orm as to facilitate the whirling movement of the gases about a stationary axis. The ‘locity of the rotation will be very great. Under the centrifugal action developed by he rapid gotary movement Ui’ gten Dressed outward against the wall of the Gr chamber andthe veouty of movement of the gases is gradually reduced, the encrey o the gases being thus dissipated. “When the ‘Velosity uo far reduced as to'be exceeded by the expansive foree of the gases, the ro- {dey movement in the shmber il eas and the pases wi ir way out e antler openiag throught wie wey eu 0 5 tered, ina reverse direction, and thence | t through the opening for the passage of the projectile into the next cal of chamber and Prektually Ingo the atmosphere. Obriotaly the cello: chamber nearest the ravealsof the 40 firearm will be filed with the whirling geses a Oye highest nreatre and siccessive calls ‘St chambers will evo roeslvo acer from the Central column following the projectile, but tte gradually reduced pressure and velocity. ‘The mumber of diaphragms, partitions or EnSice 0th ends of the backed the dee | 910,808, fenders to be used will tipon the character of the freacm to which the devise Hacadeeale wich tie soe of dnchenge 0 which the noe educed an, inversely, the diatclar which it is practic Casing to have 5 ‘In order that the device may not be re- quited to" have ‘tn ndesrable lenge, at iy be deal oo form lero of ite arm, 06 by chambering the bore just ba ofthe mune me af ane cause tha gasea to verge more repidiy than they would other sve do after lenving the muzzle. Tn the form of the device shown in Figs. 3 aad tho body of gases i caused fo have ‘which is coincident ‘with the. axis ‘of the Darrel of the firearm. "In this form o easin 4g, preferably ciroular in cross section end o SLRIC teak iy cused to the manele of the barrel a. “nteriorly, it is divided into suceative ell or shanbers by successive arttions fy having each an opening’, for Parone of the profes profess cf enene ier than the bore of the ell or chamber thus eda aeriea of stations eet, ike turbine vanes, Ape prosshing some clon to dhe axis The easing g but terminating. before reach the cifcunferental wal ofthe ches Baten ac fn loaves lear annular apace, ‘udjecent to the elreunnferential wal. Aa the {eses leave the muzzle of the gun and expand Sr diverge some oth gues are dzeie by the guiding sunfgces pres Dorrvanes fat the fst chamber outwardly into the ‘circumferential space min which the ‘volume of the gases, 80 entrapped, is caused, by the srrangement of such blades or vanes {0 sequire a rotary or whirling movement at thigh velocity. Ae in the fort ofthe device first described, the centrifugal action ‘de- ‘eloped by che rap rotary orwhiling more rent holde the gases against the wall of the chamber, until thoi enerzy i disipated and their velocity is reduced to such, an extent ‘hat ibs overcome by the expansive force of the gases, wen the willing iautlow Cowes ana the ganes find Whee way back, in Fe ‘verse ditection, through’ the passeges be- Tem the bled or vanes and through the ernest chamber wel le ation may ‘repeated hut at less velocity and pressure 11s rnoner the pre ‘tthe pe rarlually reduced until they cesape at th gxiceme forward ad of the erin rong tie opening therein for the passege of the projevtily at cuth low presse that the ‘of discharge is abwent. he preferable construction, whether of cone form of another, is one in. which cach chamber, in which the energy of the gases is ‘what premier Brean. in % 0 as 98 100 105 ae 120 1s