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By
S. P. Shenoy
M.Tech, (MET. ENGG.), M.I.I.M.
form on the periphery. Combining rotary motion with axial motion, a tap
Most taps are made of high speed steel. General purpose high speed
steels, such as M1, M2, M7 and M10 are most widely used for taps. For
harder than about 35 HRC etc.) taps made of M15 or T15 are justified.
However, they cost 2 to 3 times higher than the similar taps made of
general purpose type; the highly alloyed types are more difficult to grind
coating) increases tap-life by 500 per cent or more and improves thread
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procedure for tapping and those which affect the thread quality,
5. Speed.
7. Lubricant.
heat than most other cutting tool surfaces. Chips are more likely to get
chlorinated oils, soluble oil emulsions or mineral oils (blended with lard
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metals. Soluble oils are less effective than neat oils for preventing the
oils are less effective for cooling and flushing away chips than soluble
chips.
the overall tapping performance. During tapping, the paste melts and
down tapping time by upto 45 per cent, at the same time offering
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to increased productivity.
in tapping stainless steel are tap breakage, oversize threads and metal
discussed below.
High speed steel taps are successfully used for tapping all grades of
stainless steel. Recommended hook angle and chamfer relief angle for
NUMBER OF FLUTES :
Two-fluted taps are suitable upto 6mm, for sizes from 6mm to 12mm
recommended.
TAP STYLE :
a. Hand taps : Hand taps are suitable for through-hole tapping. For
taps is needed.
b. Spiral point tapping : Spiral point of the tap pushes the chips
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c. Spiral fluted taps : Spiral flute provides lifting action for the chips
and forces the chips along the flute. Hence, these taps are suitable
austenitic and chromium ferritic grades) are rough threads and tap
immediately after tapping operation, the metal “flows back” and tends to
seize the tap when direction of tap is reversed. In such cases, grinding a
hook is recommended.
TAPPING PRACTICE :
More power is required for tapping stainless steel than other steels.
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Tap drill selection should be made to limit the thread depth between 60
to 70 per cent of full thread form. To prevent frequent tap failures, the
When holes are drilled or reamed for tapping, care should be taken to
guide the tap to minimize the tap cutting oversize threads. If material
frequent reversals for tap is needed to reduce the final load on tap and
LUBRICANT :
Right kind of lubricant improves thread finish, carries the chip during
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SUMMARY :
4. Certain modifications in the tap design and the use of right type of
performance.
Acknowledgements :
given to write this paper and also for conducting a series of trials to
Suggested Reading :
Edition).
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Table-2 : Hook Angle & Chamfer Relief Angle for Stainless Steels