CCH S DNG A AN V THE

1 A v An An: c dng: - Trc 1 danh t s t m c bt u bng 4 nguyn m (vowel) a, e, i, o - Hai bn nguyn m u, y - Cc danh t bt u bng h cm. u: an uncle. h: an hour - Hoc trc cc danh t vit tt c c nh 1 nguyn m. V d: an L-plate, an SOS, an MP A: c dng: - Trc 1 danh t bt u bng ph m (consonant). - Dng trc mt danh t bt u bng uni. a university, a uniform, a universal, a union. - Trc 1 danh t s t m c, trc 1 danh t khng xc nh c th v mt c im, tnh cht, v tr hoc c nhc n ln u trong cu. - c dng trong cc thnh ng ch s lng nht nh. V d : a lot of, a couple, a dozen, a great many, a great deal of. - Dng trc nhng s m nht nh, c bit l ch hng trm, hng ngn. V d: a hundred, a thousand. - Trc half khi n theo sau 1 n v nguyn vn. V d: a kilo and a half v cng c th c l one and a half kilos. Ch : 1/2 kg = half a kilo ( khng c a trc half). - dng trc half khi n i vi 1 danh t khc to thnh t ghp. V d : a half-holiday na k ngh, a half-share : na c phn. - Dng trc cc t s nh 1/3, 1 /4, 1/5...= a third, a quarter, a fifth hay one third, one fourth, one fifth. - Dng trong cc thnh ng ch gi c, tc , t l. V d: five dolars a kilo; four times a day. - Dng trong cc thnh ng trc cc danh t s t m c, dng trong cu cm thn. V d: Such a long queue! What a pretty girl! Nhng: such long queues! What pretty girls. - a c th c t trc Mr/Mrs/Miss + tn h (surname): V d: a Mr Smith, a Mrs Smith, a Miss Smith. a Mr.Smith ngha l ngi n ng c gi l Smith v ng l ng ta l ngi l i vi ngi ni. Cn nu khng c a tc l ngi ni bit ng Smith. 2 The - c s dng khi danh t c xc nh c th v tnh cht, c im, v tr hoc c nhc n ln th 2 trong cu. - The + noun + preposition + noun. V d : the girl in blue; the man with a banner; the gulf of Mexico; the United States of America. - The + danh t + i t quan h + mnh ph V d: the boy whom I met; the place where I met him. - Trc 1 danh t ng ch mt vt ring bit. V d: She is in the garden. v d:

- The + tnh t so snh bc nht hoc s t th t hoc only way. V d : The first week; the only way. - The + dt s t tng trng cho mt nhm th vt hoc vt th c th b the v i danh t sang s nhiu. V d: The whale = Whales, the shark = sharks, the deep-freeze = deep - freezes. Nhng i vi danh t man (ch loi ngi) th khng c qun t (a, the) ng trc. V d: if oil supplies run out, man may have to fall back on the horse. - The + danh t s t ch thnh vin ca mt nhm ngi nht nh. V d: the small shopkeeper is finding life increasingly difficult. - The + adj i din cho 1 lp ngi, n khng c hnh thi s nhiu nhng c coi l 1 danh t s nhiu v ng t sau n phi c chia ngi th 3 s nhiu. V d: the old = ngi gi ni chung; The disabled = nhng ngi tn tt; The unemployed = nhng ngi tht nghip. - Dng trc tn cc khu vc, vng ni ting v mt a l hoc lch s. V d: The Shahara. The Netherlands. The Atlantic. - The + East / West/ South/ North + noun. V d: The East/ West end. The North / South Pole. Nhng khng c dng the trc cc t ch phng hng ny, nu n i km vi tn ca mt khu vc a l. V d: South Africal, North Americal, West Germany. - The + tn cc hp xng, cc dn nhc c in, cc ban nhc ph thng. V d: the Bach choir, the Philadenphia Orchestra, the Beatles. - The + tn cc t bo ln/ cc con tu bin/ khinh kh cu. V d: The Titanic, the Time, the Great Britain. - The + tn h s nhiu c ngha l gia nh h nh ... V d: the Smiths = Mr and Mrs Smith (and their children) hay cn gi l gia nh nh Smith. - The + Tn s t + cm t/ mnh c th c s dng phn bit ngi ny vi ngi khc cng tn. V d: We have two Mr Smiths. Which do you want? I want the Mr Smith who signed this letter. - Khng dng the trc 1 s danh t nh Home, church, bed, court, hospital, prison, school, college, university khi n i vi ng t v gii t ch chuyn ng (ch i ti lm mc ch chnh). V d: He is at home. I arrived home before dark. I sent him home. to church ( cu nguyn) to court ( kin tng) to hospital (cha bnh) to prison (i t) to school / college/ university ( hc) in bed at church in court in hospital at school/ college/ university

We go

Tng t We can be

We can be / get back (hoc be/ get home) from school/ college/university. We can leave school leave hospital be released from prison.

Vi mc ch khc th phi dng the. V d: I went to the church to see the stained glass. He goes to the prison sometimes to give lectures. Students go to the university for a class party.

Bng dng THE v khng dng THE trong mt s trng hp c bit.

Dng THE Trc cc i dng, sng ngi, bin, vnh v cc h s nhiu. V d: The Red sea, the Atlantic Ocean, the Persian Gulf, the Great Lackes. Trc tn cc d y ni. V d: The Rockey Moutains. Trc tn 1 vt th duy nht trn th gii hoc v tr. V d: The earth, the moon, the Great Wall Trc School/college/university + of + noun V d: The University of Florida. The college of Arts and Sciences. Trc cc s th t + noun. V d: The first world war. The third chapter. Trc cc cuc chin tranh khu vc vi iu kin tn cc khu vc phi c tnh t ho. V d: The Korean war. Trc tn cc nc c t 2 t tr ln. Ngoi tr Great Britain. Khng dng THE Trc tn 1 h (hay cc h s t). V d: Lake Geneva, Lake Erie Trc tn 1 ngn ni V d: Mount Mckinley Trc tn cc hnh tinh hoc cc chm sao V d: Venus, Mars, Earth, Orion.

Trc tn cc trng ny khi trc n l 1 tn ring. V d: Coopers Art school, Stetson University. Trc cc danh t m sau n l 1 s m. V d: World war one Chapter three. Khng nn dng trc tn cc cuc chin tranh khu vc nu tn khu vc nguyn. Trc tn cc nc c 1 t nh : Sweden, Venezuela v cc nc c ng trc bi new hoc tnh t ch phng hng. V d: New Zealand, South Africa.

V d: The United States, the United Kingdom, the Central Africal Republic. Trc tn cc nc c coi l 1 qun o. V d: The Philipin. Trc cc ti liu hoc s kin mang tnh lch s. V d: The constitution, the Magna Carta. Trc tn cc nhm dn tc thiu s. V d: The Indians, the Aztecs. Nn dng trc tn cc nhc c. V d: To play the piano. Trc tn cc mn hc c th. V d: The applied Math. The theoretical Physics.

Trc tn cc lc a, tiu bang, tnh, thnh ph, qun, huyn. V d: Europe, California. Trc tn bt c mn th thao no. V d: Baseball, basketball. Trc tn cc danh t mang tnh tru tng tr nhng trng hp c bit. V d: Freedom, happiness. Trc tn cc mn hc chung. V d: Mathematics, Sociology. Trc tn cc ngy l, tt. V d: Christmas, Thanksgiving.

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