SECTION 1 EQUIPMENT IN PLANT DESIGN Equipment Function and TerminologyEQUIPMENT FUNCTION AND TERMINOLOGY VESSEL Vessels are either horizontal or vertical and are basically cylindrical in shape with enclosed ends, usually dished heads and are designed and manufactured to ASME. Pressure Vessel codes. Their function can be one of heating, separating, blending etc and the size and shape will depend on these and other process conditions. The piping designer is responsible for the orientation and placement of all nozzles and vessel clips which are used for ladders and platforms. It is essential that the designer fumish this information to the fabricator prior to manufacture of the vessel or the Engineer will be subject to back charges. This task is not to be taken lightly as it will determine how the piping is going to be run, ‘Vessels take on the name of the function they are performing to the process, typically these are: FRACTIONATING TOWER Is a vertical vessel with internals, either trays or a packing, and towers are given names according to the function they are performing, I.e. a Depropanizer fractionates out propane. OVERHEAD ACCUMULATOR Is a horizontal vessel that it accumulates the overhead product from the Fractionating ‘Tower after it passes through a condenser. “Te Layout of Piping Spt: And Proce Equipe MEAD!) Orpiniaed Gyr EDSASIASDN GHD EDS SeutesCo,Ud. ED Keowledge Pe Lit Sige re Notes om nk ne mete, in a ED KNOWLEDGE JULY 2008EQUIPMENT FUNCTION AND TERMINOLOGY HORIZONTAL VESSELS OR DRUMS Are relatively large diameter cylindrical pressure vessels used for a variety of process functions. Their height above grade is usually determined by the NPSH requirements of the pumps in the liquid outlet line or the gravity flow requirements to other equipment. And they are supported by the use of saddles (see left picture) The arrangement of connections on the vessel is dependent on process requirements, access to valves and instruments and general maintenance, The use of platforms and ladders in elevated drums is essential and they should be positioned according to the priorities listed in the preceding paragraph. The pictures below show two horizontal pressure vessels, of note is that in the left picture the support saddles are higher than normal and on the right there is a manhole and a lifting lug located at one dished head. See Horizontal Drums Topic —~ “The Layout of Piping Sytem And Prove: Equpricnt (M21) Ovasied By-EDS ASA SONBHD EDS Solo Go, id, ED Kade Pe Li [Nivharenod Rept ous bespouanorcped ay aby a en eg see ea cpa, aN naan ai ‘pe, othe ot pa ep ED KNOWLEDGE SULY 2008EQUIPMENT FUNCTION AND TERMINOLOGY HORIZONTAL VESSELS OR DRUMS HeRETAL Be Widen & saeOEIATES gz = & ED KNOWLEDGE JULY 2008 4EQUIPMENT FUNCTION AND TERMINOLOGY VERTICAL VESSELS OR TOWERS ; te x OL als ~|-s|ssh = & a sfslo|s[s/—| Level Gace: 77 |e neavy curt 4 er a t List cur a] INTERMEDIATE CU vest LJ Sa sein = “soT10Ms pur Access DOOR oniver VENT. saat ake kine: access The Layo of Piping Ses And Proce Eeupnen (MEA) Metadata cna padi nyt et EDRNOWLEDGE JULY 2008, Oreaited By: EDS ASIA SDN BHD EDS Seluters Ca, Lid ED Krewedge Pe Ld ven rch peng tig onloadPIPE RACKS and YARD PIPING ALLOY PIPING Run piping straight and shortest route possible, alloy to take preference over carbon steel within reason. ie. route alloy piping first, carbon steel piping will follow. Ells versus Bends - use elbows generally Avoid tangential welds. TANGENTIAL, WELD Specification breaks - carbon stee! to alloy. Piece of carton steel pipe to be welded to alloy flange by Fabricator to avoid dissimilar field welding. Carbon steel branch connections on alloy lines - make branch, alloy header spec. for frst portion to give strength at header, ALLO STEEL HERE, \ ema N\A. “Te Layout of Piping Syrtens Aad Process Euipmest (MPI21) —_Ongzed BY EDS ASIA SDN BHD EDS Soltis Co, Lek ED Kavwledge Fe Lad Athena Repeated py omy yma gen eh neg barron ED KNOWLEDGE JULY 2008 28PIPE RACKS and YARD PIPING ALLOY PIPING a Cast transition pieces are sometimes required where two different alloys are joined, as opposed to a straight weld, this is due to the two alloys reacting together and forming a corrosive environment. b. Check if cold spring is to be used, It is used to control the movement of an pipe subject to thermal growth. Discuss with Stress Engineer © If Schedule 160 alloy nipples are called for, check if this schedule is available. 4 18/8 piping. A special fabrication spec. is usually issued for austenitic stee! piping. This spec shows permissible fabrication details. ©. Alloy support trunnions may be required as integral part of fabrication. Check with Support Group and add to isometric. ne ALLOY TRUNNION \ SUPPORT STEEL PIPE _RUN The Lnouofiping Systema AndTeoce: Eguipment(MEN2I) Orgaizal By: EDS ASIA SDNBHD EDS SoluioesCa,Led_ ED Keewledg: Pe Li lager Hopatcong terpenes a en meh posing tng rma er ED KNOWLEDGE JULY 2008 29,PIPE RACKS and YARD PIPING ALLOY PIPING a 18/8 piping, 750°F, and above. Where branch lines are smaller than header size, make connection by use of (A) reducing tees (B) weld-o-lets. b. Reinforcing pads shall not be used unless specific approval is given and if ~ required by piping code. © Check all material on isometrics at least twice before signing drawings as checked. It, is most important that alloy material is absolutely correct. “The Layot of Figg Syste And Proce Eien (ME®2I) Organized By: EDS ASIA SDNBHD EDS Soins Co, Ud ED Kaowlege Pa Led ‘Mga need Spar eee may beret orsapadinay fro) mae, mcg ene, ane, ying eg eration ne ‘em bp eis amine ote EDRNOWLEDGE JULY 2008 30PIPE RACKS and YARD PIPING ALLOY PIPING The following are austenitic steels: 18% chrornium- 8% Nickel Steels (ANST types 302, 303, 304, 321, 307), 16% Chromium -13% Nickel-Molybdenum steels {ANSI types 316 and 317) = 25% Chromium - 12% Nickel Steels = (ANSI type 309) 25% Chromium-20% Nickel Steels (ANSI type 310) Layout of Piping Sytem And Proce Equipment (MENDI) Organized By-EDS ASIA SON HD EDS Solas Co, Lid ED Keowldge Pe Led snd oun. cv ahs sear ny wenn sn ih eS wn EDKNOWLEDGE JULY 2008 31PIPE RACKS and YARD PIPING Trenched Piping (Civil Department, ‘= In most plants, trenches are avoided due to problems associated with this type of pipeway: High initial cost Fire hazard Where trenchers are used to route lines such as: Pump out lines Chemical sewers Chemical drains Trenchers must be enough to allow sufficient clearance between trench wall and piping 150 mm between outside of pipe and inside of wall is the minimum acceptable clearance This will allow for installation of piping, painting and future maintenance. See below figures, Total width of trench required may be determined by using method detailed above. Piping Department will advise Civil Department of requirements. tans And rece Equipment MEDI) Orgad By EDS ASIASON BHD EDS Selwins Ca, Lid ED Kaowlege Pe Lud cau ey breed pd nay omy any mata tng secon, mechan pny eno renee EDKNOWLEDGE 1ULY 2008 32PIPE RACKS and YARD PIPING LINE SPACING = Use Company job specifications = Line location in a trench carrying a number of lines should be carefully chosen for maximum piping economy consistent with stress requirements, if any. © Open trenches require drains to stop accumulation of surface water. Trench bottom should be sloped towards drain points. In this case, pipe supporting is by means of angle stect or I beams set into the walls, allowing bottom for free drainage to nearest drain point. = This method allows drainage of a trench by a minimum of drain points between each pipe support as would be the case of solid concrete pipe supports built up from the tench. Before proceeding on trench drainage check with coordination procedure and Civil Department for water table level. = Safety Precautions = Most trenches have either a cover of concrete slabs or a grating. © Where flammable liquids are carried in trenched lines, a fire break is provided at suitable intervals along a trench and at each intersection. This generally consists of two concrete walls 1 M- 1.25 M apart, with the space in between filled with sand, Where highly flammable gasses are carried, the whole trench, after installation of piping, is back filled with sand. Piping will advise Civil Department of requirements, ‘The Layoa fing Symone And Proc Euipment (MEI) Organised By EDS ASIA SDN BHD EDS SoluionsCo, Lak ED Knowiege Pi ‘signs med No pat rena bempead endian oy wank ng sane xh hep eg nortan [ED KNOWLEDGE /ULY 2008 33PIPE RACKS and YARD PIPING Underground Piping = Keep buried piping to a minimum. Generally only sewer drain lines and fire mains are located below ground. In some cases due to Client or climate requirements, cooling water lines are also buried below the frost line. = With future maintenance in mind, buried lines should be located well clear of foundations, and if running side by side, well spaced out. A minimum of 300 mm clearance is necessary between foundations and lines and between the lines themselves. = Above ground safe drain-tails will enter below ground drain line via a tundish (concentric reducer normally) or if a sealed system and cooling water lines by a flanged stub raised above ground. = Flanged connections should be a minimum of 300 mm above prevalent grade level. It is advantageous to set a common level for all these take offs at the outset of the job. When locating tie-in connections to underground systems, especially from elevated drain points, and adjacent to equipment plinths, ensure adequate clearance. = All buried steel pipes should have applied a corrosion resistant coating and wrapping. = Deep valve boxes for buried lines should be designed with ample room inside the box for a maintenance man to bend over and use wrenches for tightening flanges of re- packing valves. Consideration should be given to the use of concrete pipe in lieu of square boxes. = The criteria for a good underground piping design should be ease of maintenance. Piping should be so spaced as to allow easy digging out and replacement of faulty sections; for this reason, never run underground piping under or through foundations. ‘The Lott Piping Syste And Process Equipment (MEF21) __OrisedBy’ EDS ASIA SDNBHD EDS Seats Co,Lid. ED Knowledge PL Alger Napetn cna oy tren ay mr ag scan, me tog keine EDKNOWLEDGE LILY 2008 34PIPE RACKS and YARD PIPING Underground Piping GRATING OR CONCRETE coveR The Layout of Piping Sytens And Poses Exum (ME®21) _ Orgmizel By: EDS ASIA SDN BMD EDS Scteas Go Lid ED Knowle Pe Li ‘Aligarraued Nop scone nny bend cpa ay Cm ay maak ding ee maha py eg hr Se ihre per en eon abe oe [EDKNOWLEDGE JULY 2008 35PIPE RACKS and YARD PIPING PROJECT WORKSHOP Page 25 consists of a P&ID containing 4 pieces of equipment and 3 centrifugal pumps. The equipment consists of a Condenser (horizontal exchanger), Reboiler, Depropanizer (vertical column) and a Horizontal Drum. Page 26 contains a Plot Plan of the P&ID showing the pipe rack and equipment in various locations. Alll topics are covered under their respective sections. The project is to complete a piping arrangement drawing from the P&ID and Plot Plan as the various applicable topics are completed. This portion of the project shall involve the design and placement of piping on the piperack which is a single level rack 20’-0” wide and 15’-0" to the top of steel. “Te Lyoa of Piping Syions And Process Equipment MEA2I) Orisa By’ EDS ASIA SONBHD EDS Sulatone Cn, Lid ED Knnafdge Pe Ld [Abvgnt rue No pat arcu mat ny tered pd ny mri as ag eae, canal Pyne a [ED KNOWLEDGE JULY 2008 36PIPE RACKS and YARD PIPING P&ID OF DEPROPANIZER AREA. [prey DS ASISSONBHD GDS otnsCa, ED oni Pe it erbyany men lig dren. acne peg eh -EDRNOWLEDGE JULY 2008, 37PIPE RACKS and YARD PIPING PROJECT WORKSHOP - RACK PIPING = The first task is to allocate segments on the piperack for different lines (ref. page 5) = The headers running through the depropanizer area and having line branches servicing the equipment are Steam, Condensate, Cooling Water supply and return, and various process lines. © Also we must allocate space for electrical cable tray and instrumentation. The cooling water headers should be located on the same side of the rack as the process area which is on the south side of the rack. = The steam and condensate headers and any hot process lines will be located on the North side of the rack to allow for expansion loops if required, = We shall leave a space 2°-6” wide in the centre of the rack for cable tray. = Research the section on page 19 to understand the layout procedure. Sita aaces ee SECLION 8 ec eleeRac Lakes “To Layout Piping Systeme And Proves Exsipment MEP) Orga Aman oe rc a eee pny fem By: EDS ASIASON BHD EDS Selwions Co, Lid. ED Knowledge Pe Li my mao eng een schanen phaesjingrkg krnae EDKNOWLEDGE JULY 208 38PIPE RACKS and YARD PIPING PLAN AT PROCESS UNIT 39 ED KNOWLEDGE JILY 2008PIPE RACKS and YARD PIPING PIPING ARRANGEMENT - PLAN EDS Saluions Co, Lid. ED cl pang ig EDKNOWLEDGE JULY 2008 40PIPE RACKS and YARD PIPING PIPE RACKS and YARD PIPING Before routing piping, a priority list must be put together listing in order lines that, should be run first, Le. process requirements, hot lines, large bore lines, alloy lines, lines requiring special routing for pressure drop reasons, pump suction lines. If we look at the P&ID on the next page there is a steam line $2-8"-B4A supplying heat to the Reboiler E-110 through the channel end bottom nozzle. This line is branching from the steam header S1-12°-B4A which is located on the piperack There is an orifice flange FE 211 on the line before the Reboiler. The return steam line from the reboiler RS3-8"-B4A_ ‘The Layou ef Pipe Systems And Frees Equgmen (MEAD) Orpaized By: EDS ASIA SON BMD EDS Sours Co, Lid [Avspstrensed pnt coe ray teeter pena ro) ey ane ng ste: mah pong eninge ara ‘Gente bauer ween pron cbc pr EDKNOWLEDGE JULY 2008PIPE RACKS and YARD PIPING CHECK LIST FOR PIPE RACKS 1 Use line spacing chart to ensure that all lines can be contained within rack. 2 Determine piperack elevations, normally bottom level of rack is 15 ft (000mm) above grade, depending on mobile equipment used to access pumps and equipment located under rack. — Flat turns for branch lines are not permitted. If the rack runs North/South then all East/West branch lines running to and from equipment etc. must, run, usually, 3 ft above or below. 4 Allow space for cable trays and instrument lines, 8. Check with adjacent areas to determine if they have any lines that run along your section of piperack. 6. Allocate sections on rack for certain lines e.g. steam and other hot lines that may require loops to be located on one side of the rack, 1 Group utility lines. 8 Group process lines. “The avout Piping Stems And Process Equipe (MEAZI) Organized BY-EDS ASIA SDN BHD EDS Sobions Co, Lid ED Krowledge Me Lat ‘Minguntasned Regine nem brgpatesrsapesinayfrevory wf my, eg oe made ei ego meena rhe ED KNOWLEDGE JULY 2008 42PIPE RACKS and YARD PIPING CHECK LIST FOR PIPE RACKS 9 Process and relief lines are placed next to the large bore lines and utility lines are positioned in the centre of the rack. The positioning of individual utility headers will depend on what side of the rack most of the branch connections are running to. 10. Cooling water lines should be located to one side of the rack, that side being where there are more branches to and from equipment. 11, Locate lines with orifice taps to outside of rack for maintenance/accessibility 12. Large bore lines should be located on the outside of the rack to reduce the bending moment on the beam. Check if future piperack expansion is planned before using flat turns. 13, If flanges are located in the line make sure that any flanges on neighbouring lines are staggered to minimize spacing. 4, All insulated lines must sit on shoes (see company spec. for height of shoes, normally 4”) BHD EDS Seluions Co, Lid. ED Kaede Pe Lid The Lajow of Ping § ing lem teeing eng erat ie ‘agate Ro pan ED KNOWLEDGE JULY 2008, 4BPIPE RACKS and YARD PIPING CHECK LIST FOR PIPE RACKS 15. ‘Small bore lines that may not span the distance between bents (columns) may be supported from larger bore lines if acceptable to client. 16, Loading at anchors on the piperack must be given to structural department to size steelwork accordingly. V7. In a multi level rack the steam and condensate lines are on the top level along with other utility lines excepting the cooling water which is on first level close to the equipment they serve. The preferred location of the electrical cable tray is on the top level, alternate being outside the first level. 18. Check steelwork clearances for addition of: a. Fireproofing. b. Brackets, ete. ‘he Layout ofipng Systems And Pees Egipmest(MEV2I) Organized By DS ASTA SON BHD EDS Solutions Co, Lid ED Knowledge PeeLid Arh ved Rape scr ey brain my fm ora mene ncaa Uae Meas poring oir nema er [ED KNOWLEDGE JULY 2008 44SECTION 3 PLOT PLANS AND EQUIPMENT LAYOUTPLOT PLANS & EQUIPMENT LAYOUT PLOT PLAN ED KNOWLEDGE JULY 2008 3PLOT PLANS & EQUIPMENT LAYOUT PLOT PLANS Plot plans are considered key documents to projects and are normally initiated in the pre- contract, conceptual and development stages of a proposal. After the contract is awarded for engineering, plot plans are developed at a rather rapid pace with very limited information. This early stage plot plan usually is very limited in detail, containing only enough dimensional daia to define the outer limits of the available property selected for plant development. Located within the boundaries of the — available property, rough equipment sizes and shapes are pictorially positioned. along with anticipated pipe rack configurations, structure shape and rough sizes. The plot plan at this level of detail is then used for constructability evaluation and is normally submitted to the client for approval Once approved by the client, almost every group including Engineering, Scheduling, Construction, Operations, Cost Control, Estimating and Material Control use the plot plan as a pictorial reference for their work. At this point, the plot plan becomes a universal document used by all groups to interface with one another and the client. Development of the plot plan in the very early stages is usually accomplished through the use of preliminary project design data, approximate equipment sizes and a process flow diagram to establish rough sketches. These sketches are used to determine structure configuration and relative equipment positioning. The plot plan is then "proven" by using a process flow diagram, marked up to depict the more expensive piping, such as alloy or large diameter piping. This “high dollar” = piping is usually marked in a point-to-point fashion in a specific color on a print of the plot plan. The balance of the process piping is then point-to-point connected in another color to prove the cost effectiveness of the selected equipment arrangement. “The Layeat of Piping Systems And Prose Equipmers(MEVII) _Orgaied By EDS ASIASON BHD EDS Slaions Co, Lid. ED Keoweige Pe Lid Ath eed ie pute eo oat ot ope ay ot WY esting Ee. hans pulsing nS afi el ia oct tr ste sos on ED KNOWLEDGE MULY 2008, 4PLOT PLANS & EQUIPMENT LAYOUT PLOT PLANS = The plot plan is a dynamic document, evolving through the life of a job. Some of the more common names and descriptions used during this evolution process are as follows: © Proposal Plot Plan - used to establish the basis of bid work. © Approval Plot Plan - offered to the client for his concurrence of available space, perimeter roads, adjacent inhabited areas and interface points with the remainder of the complex. © — Overall Plot Plan - a small scale depiction of utility, storage, and loading facilities as associated with the process plant. © — Sectional Plot Plans - the overall plot plan broken into manageable size drawings. © Planning Plot Plan - an agreed-upon arrangement which usually starts the work of most groups that rely on equipment positioning, © Production Plot Plan - an update of the planning plot plan after enough study work has been completed to establish firm location of equipment. This plot plan is the basis for beginning detailed design work. Construction Plot Plan - releases the constructor to begin activities related to equipment location, such as roads, pile driving, underground piping, foundations, etc. Itis the single document containing all equipment, structure and road locations, © — Final or "As Built” Plot Plan - a plot plan normally provided by the responsible engineering company that reflects the completed project as constructed. This plot plan is maintained by the client for future expansion work requirements or other business needs. ‘The Layontof ping Sysens And Proves Supren (MERI) Onygsied By: EDS ASIA SON BHD — EDS SolsuonsCo, id. ED Kuowiede Pe Lid heen Ne coe sy bee pl ay yma, on ere nal ppg, dg on ‘SD KNOWLEDOE JULY 2008 5PLOT PLANS & EQUIPMENT LAYOU PLOT PLANS Major Roles of a Plot Plan Plot plans are essential for obtaining permits and determining environmental and personnel safety. They are the key documents used in assessing fire protection, During the engineering and construction phases of a job, many owners use the plot plan as a basis for evaluating the level of completeness of agreed upon work. The document thus becomes a measuring device for progress payments. Prevailing winds and tower and structure heights must be considered in developing a plot plan. Although wind direction is never constant, prevailing wind is used as a basis to evaluate safety within the client’s complex, as well as the safety of neighbors should a spill, release or fire occur. Tower and structure height and their positioning are major considerations, especially when units are located near airports or in flight paths, Climatic considerations also play a major role in plot plan development. Extreme sun exposure in desert areas or near the equator may require shelters to protect operators and maintenance personnel from high temperatures. Conversely, special considerations must be given to plants located where extreme cold, ice or snow may be prevalent. Under the most extreme conditions, many equipment items requiring frequent visits by personnel are enclosed by heated shelters. These shelters are sometimes connected by tunnels, suitable for human passage. In many cases, plant utilities are run within the confines of these tunnels to guard against freeze-up and to conserve energy for producing utilities, streams. “The Layout of Piping Sptoms And Paces Equipment ESD) Orzanaad By EDSASASDNBHD EDS SobionsCo, (18. ED Kacwege Pre Lad Alpes Nanterre open eno mee cng ee nh en eg emi l ED KNOWLEDGE JULY 2008 6PLOT PLANS & EQUIPMENT LAYOUT PLOT PLANS Economy of Plot Plans Plot plan economy is directly linked to the ability to develop process modules. Process modules can then be related to actual plot plan configurations and in some cases NS integration of equipment items can eliminate the need for interconnecting piping. The level of talent required to develop plot plans and the interaction of the plot designer with process and equipment personnel often result in new and innovative equipment integrations and configurations. “The Layau of Piping Sens And Proves Equpmca MERZI) Organized By:EDS ASIA SON BHD EDS SolaioasCo, td ED Knowledge PreLid “ls eh sane oe Eom ny wan cg ae eri wind ED KNOWLEDGE RLY 208,PLOT PLANS & EQUIPMENT LAYOUT PLOT PLANS AND EQUIPMENT LAYOUT = The functional arrangement of equipment shall be initially determined by the flow sequence and operating procedures. = As far as possible, equipment shall be arranged in logistic process sequence for short piping connections and case of operation. = Ifpossible a central pipe rack should be located to carry headers that distribute pipes to and from the process equipment and lines that run from equipment to equipment. = Pumps can be arranged in rows close to and on either side of a central piperack. = Exchangers and vessels are grouped together forming outer rows on bath sides, ‘The Layout of Ping ystems And Pree Eeuipnen (MEA2I) Organized By EDS ASIA SDNBMD EDS Seluions Co, Lil ED Kaowedge Pe Lid [ivereacs Report cw eyed ep amr i me dig dna mee, pacing eg dane een EDKNOWLEDGE JULY 2008 8PLOT PLANS & EQUIPMENT LAYOUT The purpose of any drawing is to communicate information to the construction personnel, office people, customers and other interested parties. = The equipment plot plan is probably the most carefully scrutinized drawing the piping department will make. = Unit plot plans are used for: = (a) equipment location = (b) foundation location = (c) excavation drawings = (d) paving plan = (e) P&ID transposition vem Aad Proves Eaupment(MEA21) _OxpaiaedBy-EDS ASIASDN BHD EDSSolwionsCo, Lid. ED Knowle Pre Ld ce une nay ended ropa ay fee eco cnn poy ong era ‘geen ED KNOWLEDGE JULY 2008 9PLOT PLANS & EQUIPMENT LAYOUT Equipment Plot Plan = Equipment plot plans are drawn to scale, usually 1” = 20ft or if possible 1” = L0ft on one sheet of paper, = Plot plans should show all equipment, buildings, major structures, pipeways, roads, accessways and any other important item. = True North arrow and Plant North arrows should be shown. = Piperacks are shown by centreline only. = Show simple single line representation of all equipment with centrelines and equipment numbers. ‘The Layout of Piping Systems And Process Equipment (ME¥21) Oxgnized BEDS ASIA SON BHD EDS Solgors Co,Ltd ED Knowledge Pe Lad [ignored Re guna eens na ny Weep epedinny for yy ang cnc shel sig en ara eee ‘un nore pres somone pot EDKNOWLEDGE JULY 2008 10PLOT PLANS & EQUIPMENT LAYOUT SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS = — Some important aspects of the process units to be considered while developing the unit layout are as follows: = Pumps can be arranged in rows close to and on either side of a central pipe rack Exchangers and vessels are grouped together forming outer rows on both sides. Fired heaters are kept at one end of the unit at a certain minimum distance from the remainder of the equipment. = Prevailing winds at the site should be identified to permit proper orientation of furnaces, flares, dusty operations (such as sulfur handling) and cooling towers. = Erection problems should be anticipated for all equipment, As far as possible, towers, reactors and other fixed equipment must be located away from congested areas in the plant to permit erection at any stage of construction, this will enable the erection work to progress without interference or holdups. Exchangers and other equipment that need to be serviced with large mobile cranes must be located along the periphery of the plot. “The Layout of Piping Syne And Prose Equpment(MEAZ1) Orginied Hy: EDS ASIASDN BHD FDS SouionsCo, ted. ED Kavelege Pi Lad ‘lotr pcan yearn eng wen rece rin mE SED KNOWLEDGE JULY 008, ittPLOT PLANS & EQUIPMENT LAYOUT SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS = Maintenance methods for each type of equipment should he established. Equipment requiring frequent attention should have easy accessibility. = Arrangement of equipment having removable parts, wherever possible, should be made in such a manner as to facilitate removal without dismantling long lengths of pipes, etc. Free access for hoisting the equipment is also necessary. = Spacing within battery limits between individual process equipment should be sufficient to avoid compounding fire exposure problems between the individual items besides allowing maintenance, etc. There are no set formulae for minimum spacing since it varies with each unit. = Large and heavy equipment sometimes can require very large foundations. The layout engineer must have an approximate idea of sizes of foundations for equipment. Interference of foundations should be avoided particularly for rotating equipment. ‘The Layou of Piping Sites And Process Equipment (MER21) —_Ovganael By: EDS ASIA SDN BHD EDS Soluions Co.Ltd. ED Kaowedge Petal ‘A at No ete aoe ee may beeen mo 4 a eee Wea ng grin er ‘ponte fanaa pte peso oe mer ED KNOWLEDGE JULY 2308 12