Bi tp tnh nng lng mng tinh th( nng lng mng li(U) tinh th

1. Cu 1 nm ngoi
a. trnh by li l thuyt
b. tnh nng lng mng li tinh th ion mui BaCl2 t cc d liu sau:
-nhit to thnh tiu chun BaCl2 tinh th: -205,6 kcal/mol
-nhit thng hoa ca Ba (rn) : +46 kcal/mol
-nng lng phn ly lin kt ca Cl2 : +57 kcal/mol
-i lc electron ca clo : -87 kcal/mol
-nng lng ion ho ln th nht ca Ba: +119,8 kcal/mol
-nng lng ion ho ln th hai ca Ba: +230 kcal/mol
gii:

nh lut Hess: H0to thnh+Uml=H0thng hoa+I1+I2+H0ClCl+2E

Uml=H0thng hoa+I1+I2+H0ClCl+2EH0to thnh
= 46+119,8+230+57+2.(-87)-(-205,6)= -9316,6Kcamol-1
2. bi tng t
Tnh nng lng mng li tinh th BaCl2 t 2 t hp d kin sau:
Entanpi sinh ca BaCl2 tinh th: - 859,41 kJ/mol
Entanpi phn li ca Cl2: 238,26 kJ/mol
Entanpi thng hoa ca Ba: 192,28 kJ/mol
Nng lng ion ho th nht ca Ba: 500,76 kJ/mol
Nng lng ion ho th hai ca Ba: 961,40 kJ/mol
i lc electron ca Cl : - 363,66 kJ/mol
Gii:
o

Ba(r)

+ Cl2(k)

Hth(Ba)
Ba(k)

HS(BaCl

Hpl(Cl2)

+2Cl

(k)

Uml = H

2, tt)

BaCl2 (tt)
Uml

I 1(Ba) +I 2(Ba) 2+
Ba +2Cl2. A Cl

- Hth (Ba) - Hpl(Cl ) - I 1(Ba) - I 2(Ba) - 2A Cl

S(BaCl2, tt)

=- 859,41 - 192,28 - 238,26 - 500,76 - 961,40 +2 .363,66

=- 2024,79 (kJ /mol)

2. Xc nh nng lng mng li tinh th ca NaCl, bit (kJ/mol):

H0298 (NaCl) = -411,2
Nhit thng hoa Na = 107,3
Nng lng phn ly lin kt Cl2 = 240;
Nng lng ion ha th nht(I1) = 496;
i lc electron Cl = -349.
( gii c th: file born-haber)
3.tnh nng lng mng li tinh th CaCl2 bit rng
Entanpi sinh ca CaCl2 tinh th: - 795,o kJ/mol
Entanpi phn li ca Cl2: 238,26 kJ/mol
Entanpi thng hoa ca Ca: 192 kJ/mol
Nng lng ion ho th nht v th 2 ca Ca: I1+I2 = 1745kJ/mol
i lc electron ca Cl : - 364 kJ/mol
S: -2247 kJ/mol ( gii xui hay ngc th cn ch trng thi u ca vt cht; coi k bi 1,2)