Sazeh 1

nea 1
a _,vLm _
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c=; :
1 ~ e Lm _ : e L, n5 cm :L Lm _ m: : , L xi: ,e L n, c
xL, xi5 Lm, .
2 ~ Li: _e : xL L n, m m,i
,q Li: L, _e _,, e : Li: L, :Le Lm L, C cm _ _
m : :,,, Lm _ e xiz: Lz: Lm _ . ) cm e n5 vLe : ,z, (
1 ~ _ nea _Lz Lm _e : _LzL, z Lm:,e z n5 :, na5 _ Lm n, : ,,
xiL, nea C : .
2 ~ La _Lz Lm _e : : _x5L, z Lm:,e z n5 :, na5 _ Lm n, C
nea , xiL, nx: .
,, :,c L, cm nea : Lm :,e , cm La Lm C LeLm C Lm v
xz: La _ n5 cm nea ,, :,c Lm ie .
1 ~ ne _e :
2 ~ ne ,c _e :
o l= g,l=i o _=l= _i :
1 ~ ,:L Lm xiz: _ L ie xi5 ce, ,z
2 ~ cm ne :,5 i c,e

3 ~ cm Cq,5 Lm, Lm ,: c,e
nea 2
a _,vLm _

,c _e L, nx: L: C ,z ,5 ne _e L, n: mLm ,a : ,5
: ne . ,c : L, nx: ,a : _ Cx5 ni me ,, : ne .
ne ,c ,L: :
mxiz ne ,c ,L:
_:L ne ,c ,L:
1 ~ : _a L :Lm L5 n c ,z : Lz,L .: ,z a : : cm , .
2 ~ nc L5 n Roller

3 ~ :,5 L5 n fixed

nea 3
a _,vLm _
=
=
= =
0

K
K
M
K M
4 ~ _ n L5 n link

, xi5 x, n :,e c : _e Lc C ua x: .
5 ~ cLz L5 n

L5 n Lm : nn: L ,e
cLz

= =
= =
=
=
0
0
k
k
K
F
K F

6 ~ :: cLz L5 n L :: ,ia
cLz L5 n : x :Lz ,i M=
L5 n _e : x :Lz : =
:: ,ia Lm
,:,z,\ ce ie :, : :Lz :
nea 4
a _,vLm _

_ =s _la l= o olxi oolx :
_ nea _Lz Lm : :Le _Lz Lm _,, :
_ nea _Lz Lm _,, : :Le :Le nm .

=
=
=
=
0
0 0
0
o
M
M F
F
B y
x

,n: n5 _ nea _ Lm Le _xL _,, zL5 n _i5 na, _xe ,: cL,e,
cm: aL5 cm v , _ n, cm v xL, xL e: .
:,, n5 xL, _ ,a ,, ,e ,, :,c xi y ,e _, xL, X xL, Lz .
1 ~ _ xi ,,:,, :x OB :: , .
nn: xL, xi,,:,, O :x,
= 0
o
M
nn: xL, xi,,:,, B :x,
= 0
B
M
,e ,,:,, x ,e _, :,c Y
= 0
x
F

xL, cLe _ : _,,Li, O B :x n5 x:, LL: _ n:,5 n, OB ,e ,, :,c X xL, Lz
: ,: cL,e, x cmx, ,m , xL,: , .
nea 5
a _,vLm _

2 ~

= = = 0 , 0 , 0
B y
M M F
o
:x xi ,,:,, OB ,e ,, Y xL, : :,c Lz .
3 ~

= = = 0 , 0 , 0 M
A o
M M
B

x:,5 , ue C ,, xL,: nn: nm ,: cL,e, .

la l= :
x:, m cm : n, .
1 ~ Lm _e Determinate
2 ~ Lm _e L: Indeterminate

Lm e _,, n5 cm _ Lm _ e cm cLa5 :Le cv:Le nn: _ .

nea 6
a _,vLm _
3
3
6
10
=
=
=
=
R
r
j
m
_la l= _,x
1 ~ Le _e : cmx, Li :Le cv:Le L, LzL5 n _e _c .
2 ~ e: _e : _Lz,: : cmx, Li :Le cv:Le L, , e: .

_e Lm

n, : L xiL, _eL: ,: e: Le ximz _eL: Le Le n5 Lz Lm
_eL, cm: ,ni .
_e Le Le
_eL: e: Le

l _ojl jl l= uj _o
zL5 n u, _iqz ,x n, , L ,e: n5 ,5 xL _ Lm
Lz,: L C,, _Lm,c ,e Lm : _e _x5L, n:,5 ,z ,\ ce n5 xL, ,, e: _
:, :Lz C,, e .
xL, n: zL5 n na, nm xL, _xe _ nea Lm C . Le Le xL, nx: ,5
cm xLL: .

nea 7
a _,vLm _

_xe n5 nm: xL, xL Le ,n: _ nea Lm C n: _,, v , 3 n na,
xL, n: zL5 ) v , _ n, cm: aL5 cm .(
xLL: Lm xL, Le .
nn, ,
= 0
x
F xL, : ,,, .

_=o.a _>l> _ojll :
_ : :,: L :Le cv:Le n5 xL, _ n:,5 n, _e _c _Lz,: ce ,5
cm mxiz Le xLL: _: Lm cLe .

_, zL5 n _Lz na, nz ,5 _ nea _Lz Lm :, : cLe _ : xiL, m,z L
cm Le mxiz _xLL: _: Lm .
_= oolx Condition Equation

= = 0 , 0
A x
M F

nea 8
a _,vLm _
aL nn,:

:xe xiL, _a vL5 n5 L C : ,5 n :xe xL, x _ L n, ,c
x :Lz n, cv:Le (n-1) :,, xz,e .

lq,lli _.,xl >o _ojll _,,xi
n: _e Le _xL : L e i Le
:,,: xL m ,5 n, L, ie _,, e, ,: x:L : .
:R<3 Le xLL:
R>3 : _xLL: mxiz Le :
,z L _, zL5 n na, . xL xL,: ,z L _, zL5 n _Lz na, ,5
cm Le .
R : cv,z :xe
C : , cv:Le :xe
cv:Le :xe 3+C=
nea 9
a _,vLm _
3
3
3
+ <
+ >
+ =
C R III
C R II
c R I
+ < +
+ > +
+ = +
) ( 3 3
) ( 3 3
) ( 3 3
III C j R m
II C j R m
I C j R m
I : _e Lm
II : _eL: Lm
III : xLL: Lm

lq;li _.,xl >o _,,xi _lq= :
1 ~ e L cv,z cv:L
2 ~ . _Lz:L5 _Lz ne L m, n
3 ~ _x, L n, L e n _Lz _e

3j = :Le cv:Le _5 :xe J : Lz ,5 :xe
3m+R = cv,z _5 :xe m : Lc :xe
3j+C = cv:Le _5 :xe R : zL5 n _Lz na, :xe
C : n, cv:Le :xe
=(3m+R)-(3j+C) ieL: n: :xe
I : cm _e Lm .
II : _eL: Lm
III : cm xLL: Lm .

nea 10
a _,vLm _
=
= + = + =
= + = + =
=
2
12 0 ) 4 ( 3 3 6
15 6 ) 3 ( 3 3 3
4
C
C j R
R m m
j
36 3 , 32 3
5
6
10
9
= + = +
=
=
=
=
R m C j
C
R
m
j

_eL: Lm

3 : Le _eL: n 13 = 12 ~ 15

4 _eL: n:

.=; olI :
nm, :L5 ,z 3 cm _eL: n: .
=3L-C+R-3 ieL: n:
=C+3 cv:Le :xe
=3L+R cv,z xe
nea 11
a _,vLm _
3 3 6 0 0 3 3 3 = + + + R C L
9
0
2
=
=
=
R
C
L
2 2
5
+ =
=
C
R
:L Lm: nm, _Lz ne :xe
C : n, cv:Le :xe
R : zL5 n na, :xe

= _eL: n:

12 = 3 ~ 9 + C ~ 2 = 3 = ieL: n:

31-4+9-3=5 : ieL: n:

L, :,5 LzL5 n L ,5 x e: _La ) n, n:Le ( ieL: n: L, nx:
L, cm ,,,, :
) gn L: :xe L nm n, x ( 3

nea 12
a _,vLm _

xL,: :,5 LzL5 n L, n: n, n:Le ,5 .
n: _,, v zL5 n _Lz na, :xe ) ( :,e ,, L: :xe ( 3 = L ieL: n:
xii5 :,5 LzL5 n . (

9 = 6 ~ 3 ~ 6 3 = ieL: n:

nea 13
a _,vLm _
= =
= = +
= + + + =
2
1
1 2
2
0 ) (
2
0 ) ( )
2
( ) ( 0
x
x
A
Vdx M M M
Vdx dM dM dx
wx
Vdx
dM M
dx
dx x w Vdx M M
g,=_sjo lolx la_,i olxi :
5 _,e _,: + c, ,, _,:

Lz, :Le cv:Le :
= = = + + =
= = = =
= = + + + = + =
) ( ) ( 0 ) ( ) ( 0 ) 2
) ( : ) (
) ( 0 ) ( 0 ) ( 0 ) 1
2
1
1 2 1 2
x W
dx
dV
dx x W dV dV V dx x W V F
dX x P P P P P P P if x P
dX
dP
dx x P dP dp P dx x P P d x P P F
y
x
x
x

= =
2
1
1 2
) (
x
x
dx x w v V V i5 c5,e cm n, _q ,5
= =
2
1
1 2
) (
x
x
dx x w V V V i5 c5,e _q n, cm ,5

nea 14
a _,vLm _

i5 c5,e _q n, cm ,5
= =
2
1
1 2
x
x
Vdx M M M
nn, : xL, :,, _L ,n n, L, n5 , : -w :, :: , .
L L L L : :: :

= = + = +
= = + + + = +
ton R R F
m t M M M
y
A
17 . 14 0 83 . 20 5 5 10 0
. 03 . 50 0 9 83 . 20 5 . 8 5 5 5 2 10 0
1 1
1 1

nea 15
a _,vLm _
_=_; __, p= ; ;_ osi
1 ~ cm c,L\ ,, _,: x :, : : ,: z n5 Lz nLa : .
= = 0 0
2
R F
x

2 ~ : : ,,,, , x n5 : , ,, _,: ai : L, n: ,5, _,: n5 nL
cm ,5, _,: c xe, ,5, _,: x .
3 ~ :x: ,, _,: iei : e, ,\ ,5, ,i .
4 ~ ,,,, ,, _,: iei ,e :, Lc : ,m5 L, n5 _ nLa : L, iei nm
xL, .
5 ~ cL,e, cm ne ,, _,: nLa : :, : _ nLa : ce,i :,m5 L, ,\
iei ,: cx ,,,, n5 cm cm ue C cLe _ : ,, _,: :,m5 L,
cm .
6 ~ :, ,a xL, ,, _,: x : _LzL: : .

nea 16
a _,vLm _
i > _fljo p= ; ;_ os &o _
1 ~ ,e ,i e xL, ,, _,: iei , nm ,,,, nn: : nLa : .
2 ~ cm ne :,: C Li5 c,e :,: :,: : ,: z nn: : nLa : ,5 .
3 ~ C cm nm, e ,i iei ,5, _,: Lc _e : m :Lz :
:, .
4 ~ c _e : L, :,5 c5,e , _q cm n5 , : L ,i iei : ,5, ,i
_eL, xL, ccLm _Lz n,,c c : ,i ,5 cm vL, cm n, , : , e .
5 ~ L, ,i _a _e : x ) e: _a ( ,i5 ,ic n, n5 :, ,a , cL,mLe
:,5 :Lam . ,a ,i ,: x:: , , _L: : n5 a _LzL5 n : : _LzL: :
cm .
6 ~ Lz nLa : _ n5 , : n: g,L C e ,i iei L, n: ce,i :,m5 L, 2
cm .
7 ~ vL, cm n, ie ,i iei ,ea c _eL, xL, vL, cm n, :,m5 L, ,5 cm .
8 ~ ,5L ua cm L a ue ,, e ,i iei :, ,a ,, _,: n5 e :
i L _e ,i .
w
dx
M d
w
dx
dV
V
dx
dM
= = =
2
2
, ,
_Lz n,,c c ve : ,i ,5 vL, ,n n, _ xL, ccLm _Lz n,,c c : ,i ,5
cm _L ,n n, _ xL, ccLm .
nea 17
a _,vLm _
5 . 112 0 5 35 5 . 2 5 5
10 0 35 5 5
= = +
= = +
M M
h h
= + =
= = + + + = +
= = + + =
ton R R F
ton R R M
ton R R F
y
B
x
15 30 5 5 2 0
35 5 . 7 5 5 . 2 10 5 . 2 5 2 5 . 2 5 5 0
35 0 10 5 5 0
2 2
3 3
1 1
L L L L : :: :

nea 18
a _,vLm _
5 . 12 0 5 . 112 5 15 5 . 2 5 2 = = + M M

nea 19
a _,vLm _
[ ]
[ ]
= = + = + = +
= + +
= +
= + +

0
2
2
2 0
2
2
2
2
0
2
2
2
0 2 2 cos 2 0 sin 2
0 sin cos ) cos 1 ( sin ) 2 (
0
0 2 sin cos ) cos 1 ( sin 4
qr R qr rR qr rR d qr rR
d qr r R
m
R r r d qr r d r
b
L L L L : :: :
xi5 m _,e _,: ,, _,: ie,i c,e n:Le .

[ ] 0 0 sin 0 cos 0 cos
0
1 0 1
0
1
0
1
= = = =
=

R qr R d qr R d qr R
F
x

L _x, ,, :, nm : cm
2
R
3
R :Le n:Le C x x:,,,, z L,
x cmx, Le _c n,: \L _Lm : .
L, L Le _Lz,: L ,, L ,: ,5, ,e ,5 Li :, ,a L:
2
R
3
R x:,,,, z L, x x:L L, .

:,5 x _xe, cLe
3
R xL, .
[ ] qr R qr qr qr qr
qr d qr R d qr R
d qr R R F
y
= = =
= =
= + =

3 0
0 0
2 3
0
3 2
2 cos
sin sin
0 sin 0

nea 20
a _,vLm _
[ ]
[ ]
0
sin 0 sin sin
sin ) sin(
sin ) cos(
0 ) cos( sin 0
0
0
0
=
=
=
=
= + =

V
qr qr
qr qr
qr d qr qr V
d qr qr V F
x

[ ]
[ ]
qr p
qr qr
qr qr
qr qr d qr qr p
d qr qr p F
y
=
+ =
+ =
+ = + =
= + =
cos cos
cos 1 cos
) cos( cos ) sin( cos
0 ) sin( cos 0
0
0
0 0
0
= =
=
M r qr M r qr
M
b
L cLe :Lam c,:
3 2
0
2
0 sin 2 R qr R d qr R = = =

_e: ,, C : : :

La C: ,, _,:,5 xL, c,L\,i x nLa ::,,a n .
,q:, c,L\ , L: ,i x x:, ,a , L: ,, _,: ,q
cm,a , L: _xL, ,a L:::,i .

: c,L\x _,e _,: , ,n L qr xL,

nea 21
a _,vLm _
lql;lI :
xii5 _e 5 _,: ua L,L5 .
1 ~ ce,i :,m5 L, ,\ ce _,L5 ,5
_ n, a nm : n: m 2 :
x .

,5 , i, : xL, xi5 _e x:, : La _,L5 :, ,c _ : ,: c xL .
2 ~ zL5 n u, n5 , : :,5 , a : ce,i L, ,\ ce m , C ,5
x xz,e :Lz _La _,e _,: ua : xL, vL, ,Ln .

: _,e _,: z ,, _,: z
3 ~ ce _ ,: , C : ,Ln zL5 n u, n5 , : cLe ce,i L, ,\
:,, xz,e ,a ,, ,i :, :Lz , : _,e _,: ua xL, ,a _ .
, ,5 xL, La L, ,\ ce L, n: ) m , : :x, ,5, L: :x
,: C ( :Lz : 5 _,: :, .

nea 22
a _,vLm _
lal_> :
L um, LzL: : n5 cm m _xe, C Lc _ _ Lm L,e ) L _a
v, ( Lz ,5 : ua _x5L, x: x _ z n, ) Lc L _e ( :, Lz: .

L: :
1 ~ ximz _Le _,e _,: _: ua L,e Lc L .
LzL,e ,: :
1 ~ :Lm _LzL,e Simple Truss
2 ~ 5, _LzL,e Compound Truss
3 ~ , _L,e ) xq ( Complex Truss

-1 :Lm _L,e :
_,, :,5 x ,c nm ,5 nm _L n c nmz C ,, n5 xL, :Lm L,e
, _ n, xx ,c : um, xx ,5 ,z xL, L,e ceLm xL, x _ .

nea 23
a _,vLm _
2 ~ 5, _L,e :
_ z n, mLi Lc um, xL, x _ :Lm _L,e _,m C n5 cm L,e
xL, :L _L,e : _ 5, _L,e C , LzL,e xL, x .

xq L , _LzL,e xq L , _LzL,e xq L , _LzL,e xq L , _LzL,e : :: :
_L,e 5, n: xL, :Lm n: n5 cm

nea 24
a _,vLm _

lal_> _ojll _ojl - lal_> _.,xl >o _,,xi :
ie ieL: _,, ua Le : L5 n, . c=1

,, _,: , xi5 :Lz , n:Le :,e ,, L xL, ,a xL, n ,, :,c :x : .
xL, nn: ,e ,i xL, ,z n ,5 xL, ,a .

R : Lz _e _c :xe
C : , cv:Le :xe
Le _c :xe ,5 3+C cm Le xLL: Lm xL, ,5 .
,,,, Le _c :xe ,5 3+C L: xL, nx: mxiz _xLL: Lm n5 , : xL,
Le _c :xe ,5 cm _e 3+C : xL, ,5,, nx: mxiz _xLL: n,
cm _eL: Lm L: L, .
nea 25
a _,vLm _

ieL: n: R=6 c+3=4=r n=R-r=2
xL, xL Lm
R : Le _c :xe
J : Lz,5 :xe
m : Lz,c :xe
R+m : cv,z _5 :xe
2j : cv:Le _5 :xe
1 ~ cm xLL: Lm 2j>R+m
2 ~ cm _e L:xL,:xLL: Lm ,5 2j=R+m
3 ~ cm _eL: L:xL,: xLL: Lm,5 2j<R+m
n=R+m-2j

_,x _lal_> _,l :
1 ~ ,5
2 ~ gn
nea 26
a _,vLm _
=
=
+ = + =
+ =
= + =
P
P X P A
XF F F
P
X X P
) 0 (
) 2 ( ) 1 ( ) 0 (
0
z z z z ,i ,i ,i ,i xq _LzL,e ,L: : C, xq _LzL,e ,L: : C, xq _LzL,e ,L: : C, xq _LzL,e ,L: : C, : :: :
1 ~ L,e ,c C i5 L n,L _ n:,5 n,
5, L :Lm xL _L,e C _Le _L,e n5
:, . u, n5 :,5 xL, n, _x5L, zL5 n
xi5 : ,e .
2 ~ Le _L,e ne, : _ 1 ) L _L,e 1 ( xi5 ,L: Le L, ,\ ce .
3 ~ ne, _L,e : 2 : ,, Le _LzL, xe _,: ca C x Lz,L ,c _e :
_L,e z: , 2 L,e _ i5 ,L: .
4 ~ x X cm: n, , nn, .
,c x :Lz _,: AC _L,e : ) 1 (
,c x :Lz _,: AC ,e : _L ) 2 (

_s l; c=i :
:, ,a xL, e: _Lz,: Le _c L :,: : n, L, _e _ Lm ,5 .
:
1 ~ ,a,c x ,,,, L,e Lc e: _,:
i5 ,a .
nea 27
a _,vLm _
3 ~ ,L: _L5 c,, Lm e: _,: _ ,\ ce
i5 .
_e : ,5 n5 xm nz: _ n, ,L: S=0 ,L: _L5 c,, ,L: ,5 cm xL Lm
nz: : :, S=0 cm xLL: Lm xL: cmx, .
x: ,e :,e, Lc n, :, xzL ,a L, , um, L: _xLL: n5 Lz Lm .

L L L L :
am L, xL L,e C :, : ,a L, , :L

= = 0 0 s F
y

xL, _xL _L _,, L cm aL5 _xLL: _L _,, :,5 , ,c C L, ,5
x:, ,i5 Lc L .
,5: O
= = = 0 0 2 0 S S F
y

O
nea 28
a _,vLm _

_i l, _l=. gil= g>
1 -

, : L: x, Lm, : :

c bx ax y + + =
2

x, LL:L, : x xz,e nz: m :
2
ax y =
C : _,e _,: ua xL, , c, n, ,: _x5L, , _ ,Ln LzL5 n n5 ,
: .
V=0 : ,, _,:
M=0 : e ,i
nea 29
a _,vLm _

n, : ,5 xL, _ ,: , ie ,i ,, _,: x:, ,c zL5 n u, ,5 L
cm: ,a .

x: x , ai :xc C : z e: _Lz,: _ cm x , ai :xc C : L,
xi5 : _e _e ,, xi5 _e , La _,L5 ua .

_,e _,: _: _:, :Lz : _La _,: ua

cm,a ,, e,i cm ) : , _ , ( cLe ce,i _x5L,
,5 ,n: : cLL mm C x, nm _e _,, .
nea 30
a _,vLm _

2
2 2
2 . 0
2 . 0 5 5 5 , 5
x y
a a y x ax y
=
= = = = =

2 5 4 . 0 ) 5 ( tan 4 . 0 = = = = y x = y
= =
= =
= = + =
= = =
= = = =
5 0
5 2
10 10 2 0
10 0 5 10 2 10 0
2 2 tan 2 tan
4
2 2 3
3 3 1
1 1
2 3
2
3
R F
t R R R
t R R R F
t R R M
R R
R
R
x
y
B

Y n:Le:
2
ax y = z: , X cmx,

Lm _Lz nm:: x, nm : cm _e

nea 31
a _,vLm _
V
dx
dM
x M M
M x x x x M
x x
x
x M M
c
= = = =
= = + + + +
= +
+ = +

0 0 ) (
0 0 10 50 25 10 25
0 ) 5 ( 10 ) 2 . 0 5 ( 5
)
2
5 )( 5 ( 2 0
2 2
2

,5 cm ,a ,, , ,n L : n5 ,5 nz: M :, ,a , ,n _5 :
,n L : :, ,a , .
cm: ,a g,L L : :, ,a nn: C : g,L ,5 L .

Lm, :
dx
dM
V _,, cmx, g,L ,5 ie M m,i, :Le n:Le xL, .

nea 32
a _,vLm _

0 0 2 2
4 . 0 5 2 tan 5 2
sin
sin 5 cos 2
0 sin 5 cos 2
_ __________ __________ __________
0 cos 2 cos cos sin
0 sin 5 sin cos sin
0 2 cos sin
0 10 ) 5 ( 2 cos sin 0
0 5 sin cos 0
4 . 0 tan ) ( tan
2
2
= = =
=
=
= +
=
=
= +
= + =
= =
= =
V x x
x x x
V
x V
x V
x V P
V P
II x V P
x V P F
I V P F
x x y
y
x
2
tan 1
cos
1
cos
5
5 cos 0 + =
= = = P P V n:Le: I
2 2
16 . 0 1 5 tan 1 5 x P + = + =

> _ojll _ojl ll= g

Lz,: ,q : xLL: Lm
x:x5 nn: C .

nea 33
a _,vLm _

, n:Le C ua ,, , m:, L ,n x: L5 n _ ,5
xi, ,: Lq ,q cm mxiz xLL: Lm ,, : L, cLe _ : L : .

L a, :, : L ,n
C Lz,: L :x ,q ,, : L,
cm xLL: L _ :x5 nn: .
, n, L ,n xe, L :
m

nm, :L5 2
zL5 n _Le _c :xe 4 :xc
Le _eL: n: C 7>6
6 e: _e5L n:

nea 34
a _,vLm _

nm nx: :, L: _, zL5 n L ,c xL, _xLL: _,, xiL, :x C : n5 _a
xL, .

cm: xLL:

,, c, : vL, L : 4 L _5 n5 , : : , n:Le x, _e _c ,n: :
Le _c ,, 6 ximz L .
10 = 6 ) cv,z +( 4
) ieL: ( 7 = 3 ~ 10
ieL: n: 7 = 2 ~ 3 ~ 12
12 = cv,z 6 + 6

nea 35
a _,vLm _
_,li 1> Influcnce line

,e _,: _ Lm ,a ,e .Lz,e .L5 n _e _c . e ,i . ,, _,: . = g,L

:: m, , _,c n, Lm : g,L C x :
1 ~ g,L ,:
2 ~ : g,L n5 e cm ,n: :,
3 ~ Lm ,, :L, ce,
4 ~ Lm ,, : L, x n,

,\L ue L,e :
xi:L L nn: C : g,L C ,\L ue B _ nn: ,z ,c n5 cm _:,: A ,,,,
nn: : ,n: :, g,L x B nn: : ,5, xe L, n5 cm A xL, x : .

nea 36
a _,vLm _

L : L5 n _e _c ,\L ue A xi5 m .

, , , , _ __ _ : :: : cm cm ue L5 n _e _c ,\L ue _Lz:,: n5 xi5 c,L\ .
: g,, L ,\L ue ) Lm ,a ,e L ,e ie ( ne _Lz n _e _Lz Lm _,,
cm x _ .
: :
1 ~ x xi5 xe Lm L5 n _e _c n, ,,, .
2 ~ xz: , ,5, L, C x xe L5 n _e : ) xz: , _e _c c, c : (

nea 37
a _,vLm _

3 ~ ,a L, m Lm naL ,a ,e _ xL, m C c, n, Lm n:
i5 .
4 ~ _c c : L ,e x z: , xe ,,,, L5 n _e .
5 ~ cm ,\L ue :,: Lz Lm naL _ ,e _ .

L L L L : :: :

L L L L : :: :
nn: : xe L, :: , L, B xi cmx, _e _c .

nea 38
a _,vLm _
6
,
4
tan
2 4 1
y y
y = =
4 . 2
1
12
2 3
6 4
1
2 1
=
=
+
+ =
+ =
y
y y y y

L L L L : :: :
nn: : e ,i ,\L ue cm,,n B
_a n5 nL: : ce, :, L: : xL, na,5 , .

10
6 4 1
=
=
M
L
pab
M

3 . 0
10
3 1
=
= R

: : nn: : ,i _e ,:L B cL ,n: :, nn: : L i5 xe
i5 xe e .
z: , e: _a C nn: : ,: cL,e, .
2 ~ nn: _e : Bd e ,i ca z: , c, .
3 ~ ,a ,e _ xL, Cq,5 L:L ,e _iqz xL, m Lm n: ,a L,
xi5 m Lm naL .
4 ~ xL, xe ,,,, mL, z n, c,m: nm,, : n x :Lz _a _e : .

nea 39
a _,vLm _
L L L L : :: :
,\L ue :,: , , B xi5 m .

: C cm xe ,,,, : nz ,, ,n: :, nn: ,n ,n _
5 .
:

4 . 0 0 1 6 . 0 4 . 0 = = + = V V V
nea 40
a _,vLm _

: :
1 ~ nn: : ,, _e ,:L B xi5 xe .
2 ~ nn: _e : B , c, ,, _,: ca C
z: .
3 ~ i5 m zL5 n u, n, n, L, Lm _ ,e ). _ cLen Lm
cm x (

: xiL, ,,,, z L, mL, nn: ,n : : n .

nea 41
a _,vLm _
10
6
,
10
4
10
1
1 6 4
1
4
6
6
6
2 1
2 1
1
2
2
2
= = = = +
= +
=
= = =
y y
y y
y
y
y
y

4 ~ Lz,L x ,m: : nn: ,n B z: , xe ,,,, .

L L L L : :: :

_e _c ,\L ue :,: A

nn: : L5 n A

nea 42
a _,vLm _
L5 n C

_e _cL, :,5 L5 n R

nn: _,,,i G
1 1 1 , = = = y
p
y

nn: : e,i,\L ue :,: B
) nn: ,q B e,i x xL, _a xL, ,a (

nea 43
a _,vLm _

nn: : ,\L ue H

nn::,\L ue :,: H ,, n, ,,,

_a: ,, _,:,\L ue :,: D
nea 44
a _,vLm _

nn:: _e _c,\L ue :,: D

nn:: ,,,\L ue :,: C
L L L L : :: :

,\L ue M
B
nea 45
a _,vLm _

,\L ue M
D

,\L ue M
E
4
1
4
1
2 2
2 1
L
x
L
x
L
x
L
x
= = = +
+ =

_e _c ,\L ue M
A
x :: ,e L:,e um, n5 enm : ) x _a ( n xL, i5 :Lz :
1 Rad xL, .
nea 46
a _,vLm _
L L L L : :: :

nn: : ie ,i ,\L ue D cm ,a e ,i _a: .

,, : E

nea 47
a _,vLm _
1 1
2 2
1
2
2
2 1 2
1
= = +
= + =
=
x
x x
x
x

L : e ,i _,, ,\L ue _a : _, n i5 L,e e,: _a L:,e n5
L, ,,,, xL, ,\L 1 xL, L: .

L L L L : :: :

5 . 1 1
3 3
1
1 2
= = +
= +
x
x x

nea 48
a _,vLm _
L L L L : :: :

,\L ue mB

L L L L : :: :

nea 49
a _,vLm _
_Lz, ,\L ue _Lz, ,\L ue _Lz, ,\L ue _Lz, ,\L ue : :: :
,\L ue L5 n _e _c ,\L ue
e ,i ,\L ue _:L C : ,, :
_ ,, c,a _Lz, n5 nL: nn: C
:L L: xii5 n _Lz,
xiL: .

L5 n ,\L ue A

: _:L: ,,,\L ue

L: _ : _:L: ,,,\L ue

_:L: ,, _,:

nea 50
a _,vLm _
Lq _:L: ,, _,:

: n5 ,, z: , , _ n5 _xe C _,: n, n,L, _:L,\L ue m _,,
cm _:L ,z: ,, _,:,\L ue Lz n5 5 _:L,z _ ,e : _:L .

; __, _,li 1> p,=_i gl uj o _=_ :
:
,n: :, _:L : ,, x xe _,: ,z n, :, :: , :L L: : xe _,:
n: n, n, L, :, _L :L L: : ,\L ue ,c , _ n, ::,5 n,mLe
,\L ,ne . x nm ,ne _,m C ,\L ue :,: :, m .
: :
ca C _e : xi5 xe ,n: :, _:L ,L: nn: C : ,, _e ,:L
v n5 xi5 m _ n:,, ,a _,: _,, , _ ,e xz: , c, ,, _,:
nen : L:L\ :, xe ,,,, ,n: :, nn: : _ x ,,,, ,n: :, nn: _a,n
xL, .
cm ,, ,\L ue Lz :x5 _ L, n5 enm naL ,a ,e _ .

nea 51
a _,vLm _

_l _la_,i __; _,li 1> :

_e _c,\L ue R1

nea 52
a _,vLm _

lal_>_,li 1> :

,c: ,\L ue AB

,\L ue M nn:: C

nea 53
a _,vLm _
2
1
=
AB
F

: _:L: ,,,\L ue

= = + =
2
1
0 ) 5 ( ) 5 ( 1 ) 10 (
4
3
0
AB AB D
F F m

1 =
AB
F

nea 54
a _,vLm _

: : xiL, n: a _, _Lz,c n5 cm LzL,e _,, _ : .
1 ~ ,5 ,n: : L,e :Le , C .
2 ~ : n,mLe _,, n5 cmL,e _ nn: :Le n5 , _ nn: ie ,i _,, ,\L ue _,
i5 m :, na,5 ,i ,e e: .
3 ~ a _, _Lc _,e _,: ,\L ue _, _Lc _, nL:,, iei _
x cmx, .
xiL, n: _, _Lz,c n5 LzL,e : _,n _Lz,c : ,, ,\L ue m _,, .
_:L Lz : ,, ,\L ue , _:L C ,,,, L,e ,c ,z _a,5 ,n: : L, i5 ,n: :,
: xe,
cos
1
, n _Lz,c : ,, ,\L ue n5 i5 x cm: n, _, .

1
= ,aL, ce L,e : n
1

2
= ,aL, ce L,e : n
2

nea 55
a _,vLm _

1 1
2 2
2
10
5
2
10
5
2 2
2
2
1 1
1
1
= = +
= = =
=
= = =
=
x
x x
x
x
x
x

o _,li 1> ols.= :
1 ~ x : cmx, e,L ,\L ue n5
cm ,m:: . _L _x5L, C n,
I ( L, n:,5,L, C ,5
1 ( ,Le,,,,,n::, g,L x L,x
:,, xz,eL, Lc _e:,\L ue ,c,5, . QY H =
2 ( L, n:,5,L,xiq,5
=
I i
Y Q H
nea 56
a _,vLm _

3 ~ L, n: :,m5L,,5
, nm ,Le L, n: ce,i :,m5L,,5
g ce,i :,m5L, n5 _ :xe:,\Lne iei
xL, :,m5L, cx: x .

=
= =
wydx H
wydx wdxy dH

= ydx w H L, n: ce,i :,m5L, ,5

m ton. 20 1 20 = : ,5, _,: n, ,,,,i 20 ton
m ton. 10 2 5 = : ,5, _,: n, ,,,,i 50
: m ton. 10 ) 1 ( 10 = ,5, _,: n, ,,,,i 10 ton
: m ton. 70 )
2
1
2 1
2
1
8 2 ( 10 = :,m5L, n, ,,,,i

m Ton M . 90 70 10 10 20 = + + =
nea 57
a _,vLm _
ton M 80
2
1
2 10 = =
+
ton M 10
2
1
2 10 = =

2 ~ ~~ ~ ,\L ue ::,,L5
_e :Lz _,, x: _LzL, ce, ,m:: L:,\L ue n5 e,, _xe,5xe,L
cm .
I ( ,5,L, :
xL, ,5xe ,\L ue ,c n5 :,5 , e:L, mL, ,5xe x :Lz _,,
II ( ,5xe x L 5xe _e,, g,L ,5, _LzL, n5 :, :Lz g, , ,\L ue,
:,5 .
ton M 25 1 5 2 10 = + =
cLe _ ton M 20 1 10 2 5 = + = :LLzL,,5 xL, , :,e, cLe
i5 : Lme L: :,: ,, :xe:xL, .
III ( ce,i :,m5L, :
,ic n, xL, c,,i xz ,,: ,5 L xL, :xe:L, ue ,c n5:,,, _
e,i : cmx, ,,: xz,5xL, c,,\L n5:,5 , L:xL,xL, ai
:, ai,\L ue ,c

c,,i max
ai,i max
nea 58
a _,vLm _
EI
M
y
EII
M
y
y
y
y
K
x f y
=
=
+

+

=
=
2
3
2
2
3
2
] 1 [ ] 1 [
) (
la_,i gL= _,,xi ,=l= :
1 ~ Lz Lm e,n: Lm ,i5Le
2 ~ Lz Lm Li:,L:
3 ~ Lm,L: ,: n, _eL: _Lz

la_,i gL= _,,xi g,=_sjo lolx :
1 ~ xi5 ce, ,z _:L, xiz: _ L
2 ~ cm Cq,5Lm,L,a,e .

EI
M
K
EI
M
EI
My y
I
My
E
y
E
E
y
d
yd
B B
A A
d B B yd A A
= =
= = =
= = = = =
=
= =

1
1
,

Cq,5 _L:L,e ,e ,aL,

nea 59
a _,vLm _
M
EI
=
=
C
D
C D
C
D
=

2
2 1
2 1
2
1
2
0 0 ) 0 ( 0 0 ) 0 (
2
,
) (
x
EI
M
y
C y C y
C x C x
EI
M
y C x
EI
M
y
M x M
EI
M
y
=
= = = =
+ + = + =
= =

,aL, Cq,5 _L:L,e
2
max
2
x
EI
M
=
C,,L:L,e ,aL,
EI
M
=
1

,a ,e iei C, cm L a ue,, L5 n _e: n5 cm ,, Le n, ,: .
b=_K.l _ljli :
nm,i ~ CmvL, ~ :, ,

nn: ,m, L n5 _ n C _Lz n,,c c ve: xL, ,, ,m, L ue,,Lxi5 : ccLm D :, ,ni

nea 60
a _,vLm _
b= _K.l ,i :

= =
= = = = = =
=
= = =
D
C C
D
D
C
c D
D
C
D
C
dx
EI
M
dx
EI
M
dx
EI
M
d dx
EI
M
d dx
EI
M
d
EI
M
dx
d
v
EI
m
dx
V d
EI
M
V
dx
d
y y
EI
M
y

,
, ,

i , b=_K.l :
C
D
n L: ,m, _LmL _, D C iei, nmL, cm ,,,,
EI
M
L: _, C D

:,:, nm
EI
M
nLa: c D =
C
D

, L: me,
C
D C D
+ =

nea 61
a _,vLm _
= = = =
=

x t
x x dt d e
t
D
C
D
C
D
C
b=_K.l o ,i :

5 C,, c, n, Lm _ ,e
D
nn: ,e: C nn: ,m, L

:,: , nm ,i C L D x:x5 \L,e n, c,m: C

b=_K.l o ,i :
nn: ,e: C ue nn: ,m, L D :,:, nm ,iL, cm ,,,,
EI
m
nLa:
C L D x:x5 \L ,e n, c,m: C

:,:, nm
EI
M
nn: C nn:L D =
C D

nea 62
a _,vLm _
EI
pL L L
EI
Pl
t
EI
pL L
EI
Pl
A
B
A
B B
6 3 2
2 2
3
2
= =
= = =
L L L L :
xi5 n,mLe : _L:: , ,e .

nn: C :
4
L
: :,:, nm ,i
EI
m
nLa: A L C
A
t
c
C
= , ,evL, , : cmx, _
nLa: _ nn: xL,, 5 n:Le X A na,5,n::
A
x
t m,i, .

nea 63
a _,vLm _
A
B
t =
EI
pl
EI
wl
t
l
EI
pl l l l
EI
pl l
l
l
EI
wl L
t
A
B
A
B
648
23
384
5
3 3
2
2
1
3 3
)
12 3
(
3 6
)
16
3
2
(
8 2 3
2
3 4
2
+ =
+ + + =

L :
,e xi5x ,, ,

nea 64
a _,vLm _
B
B
A
B A
A
B
A
L
t
R
L
t
R = = = = ,
>o _oq= oo _ilL n :
1 2
(
1
1
2
2
1
1
,
1
1
1
2
1
2 1
+
=
+
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
n
ab
ab
n
a
a ab
n
a
ab x
a
n
x
ab
n
n
A ab
n
A
X
8 7 6

1
x : _\,5, nLa 1 A
2
x : _\,5, nLa A2
n: m _,, n : : a
n
n
x
) 2 ( 2
1
2
+
+
=
xiL,c Lz: _e, :
1 ~ Lz L5 n: Cmv iei n,mLe
2 ~ xi5 Lme, ,L: nn: C .
3 ~ xi5 Lme _L nn: C:,,e .

nea 65
a _,vLm _

cm :L _a,m: _Lz, _,, ua u, _ n5 :, n, .
cm _a:, cm 5 _x5L, .

L
t
L
t
B
A
B
A
B
A
=
= ,

1 ( x L5 n _e _cx ,,,,Lz L5 n _e: ,: Cmv iei
xL, CmvL,,\ ce,:
EI
m

nea 66
a _,vLm _
M t x x R M
t x
t x
C C C C C C
t C C
x C C
A
C A A
A
C A c
A
C A c
A
C
A c
= = =
=
=
= =
=
=
) ( *
.
.
.
43 42 1
V
A
A
C C
A
B
A
C C A
A
C C
A C
A
C
R
L
t
=
= + =
=

2 ~ _,: ,,,, , nn: C: Cmv iei x CmvL,,\ ce,: ,,
EI
M
_L nn: Lz:xL,

:=) nn: n, c,m: nm ,i C (

3 ~ , nn: C: Cmv iei,e x
CmvL,,\L ce, e,i ,,,,
EI
M
xL, nn: Lz: .

nea 67
a _,vLm _
EI
PL L
L
EI
PL
A
6
5
3
5
2
1
3
= =
o__,i __i_,i lj :
,q : :,5 L5 n _,,Li, cm,a,e
Lz:: ,, e ,ixL, ) ,a ,: ( ,a
_,,Li, xL, :
1 ~ ,: : _L: n, ,: :,5 L5 n
:, _x, ,a .
2 ~ xi5 :,e :,,: ,: _Li5 _aL Cnc L5 n .
3 ~ :, :,,: a L5 n n, _x, ,: e: _a .
4 ~ :, :, ,: e: _a n, _x, ,: :L _a L5 n .

L L L L : :: :

nea 68
a _,vLm _
= = +
=
) 2 (
2
0
) 1 (
2
1
RL
PL
M M
L
R M
A
L L L L : :: :
,, :,, , cm xL cLei: x:
ni _,, _,,Li, xL, xL, xL, _
e _ nn, _LzL, _, _ , _,, :
: :, L, n x .
,: :

:,,: :
2 2 6
5
2 2
0
1
L L
L
EI
M L L L
EI
M
M
B
= = +

16
5
16 5 3 5
2
5 p
R Rl pl RL RL
pl
= = =
Lzi M M
1
i5 n,mLe .

L :

: ,: :

nea 69
a _,vLm _
) 6 ( ) 1 ( 0 ) ( ) 5 , 4
) 5
0 ) 4
3 2 1 2 1 3 1
2 1
1
1 3 1
L
Pab
M M
L
b
M b
L
b
Pa M M M M
L
Pa M M
R
b R M M
= + + = + +
+
=
= +
0 ) 3
0 ) 2
) 1
2 1 1
2 1 2
2 1
= +
= +
= +
M M a P L R
M M b P L R
P R R

,,: : : :
=
=
+
= + + =
= + = + = +

2
2
2
2
2
1
3
2 2
2
2
1
2
3 3 2 1
0
3 2 1
3 2 1
) 9 ( , ) 8 ( ), 7 (
) 8 ( 0 )
6
(
3 3
0
3 2 3 2 3
2
2 3
2
2
0
) 7 ( 0
2 2 2
0
L
pab
M
L
b pa
M
M
b a
M
a
M
b
b b
EI
M a a
EI
M a a
EI
M b b
EI
M
M
LM aM bM
L
EI
M a
EI
M b
EI
M
F
y

nea 70
a _,vLm _
__ _lq= :
,5 x :x: f xL, .

cos .
.
Fx x F work
x F work
= =
=

= _Lm _, n x F
xi: ,e Lz,L,: _Lm n,: :

= dr F u .
2
1
2 1
xL, ne,: c,e n,: :
2
1
2 1
Fdr u
xi:,e Lz,L,: _Lm: ) xi5,e ne c,, (

= =
2
0
2
1
Fx u dx F u

L :
k
F
x Fx kx = =
2
1
2
1
2

L F W
e
=
2
1
Le _Lz,: um, x Lz:L5 ) LeL5 (
I
W u = : um, x Lz:L5 e _Lz, _,: ,,,, L
xL, m: x ,e _m:L ) e:L5 (

nea 71
a _,vLm _
_,e _i :
dV du dx L
dx d d du dydz dF
dFdx du
E
x x x
x z y x x
x

2
1
(*)
) )( (
2
1
2
1
2
= =
= =
= =

* Cq,5, _,, e: :,5 _,:

x x
dV
du
u
2
1
= =
o
:,5 _,: LqL ze xe: x ,e _m:L _,:
L,: _LiL5

= = = dV
E
u dV u
x x x x x
2
2
1
2
1

= dv
G
u
2
2
,, _LiL5

) 1 ( 2 V
G
+
=

,, cLz ,

L L L L : :: :

Adx dV
Adx
E A
p
dv
E
u
A
p
L
x
=
= =
=

2
1
) (
2
0
2
2

_,e _,:,\L ce n5 Lc _,, p x: na,5 ,
=
L
dx
AE
p
u
0
2
2

e:L5 : e: _Lz,: um, x Lz:L5
AE
l p
u
2
2
= P A c,L\
nea 72
a _,vLm _
=
Gj
dx T
u
2
2
Lz,: L :

Idx
I
M
E
dAdx y
I
M
E
dAdx dV
dxdA
E I
M
E
dv
u
I
M
l
A x
A x
y
v
x y
= =
=
= = =

0
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
1
) (
2
1
2
1
) (
2

_Le e,\L ce ,: x ,e _,:
=
L
dx
EI
M
u
0
2
2

,\L ce ,: x ,e _,: ,, _,: dx
GA
V
u
I
VQ
L
s
= =
0
2
2

K
A
A
s
=
K=1.2 nm gnL _,, ,
9
10
= K : gnL _,, _ ,
K=1 _Le,: _,, I _
L L L L : :: :
q,i,\ ce Lm
T: q,i
G : q nmmv ,
J : ,n ,i
y x
I I j + =
nea 73
a _,vLm _
A A
A
l
A
I
A
L
A
I
e I e
Fl L F
F
L F dx F
u W
L F dx F
u W
F W W W

= =
= = =
= = =
= =
2 2
1
2 2
2 2
2
1
2
2
0
2
2
0
2
__ _lq= :
=
EI
dx M
2
2
_e L: e: _,:
K
A
A
GA
dx V
s
s
= =
2
2
,, L: e: _,:
y x
I I j
Gj
dx T
+ = =
2
2
_q L: e: _,:
=
EA
dx p
2
2
_,e _Li L: e: _,:

_i_,,xi ,=l=o __ ls; ols.= :

nea 74
a _,vLm _

+ =
=
L L
s
e
GA
dx V
EI
dx M
u
p W
0 0
2 2
2
2 . 1
2
2
1
L :

_,: _ex, p ,5 .
GA
pL
EI
pL
W W
GA
L p
EI
L p
u dx
GA
p
dx x
EI
p
GA
dx p
EI
dx x p
u
K
A
Af
GAf
dx V
EI
dx x p
u
e I
L L
L L
L L
2 . 1
3
6 . 0
6
6 . 0
2
2
2 . 1
2
2
2 . 1
2
3
2 3 2
0
2
0
2
2
0
2
0
2 2
0
2
0
2 2
+ = =
+ = +
+ =
= + =

xL, 5 La ,5 i5 ,nia, ,, L: ,a ,e .
x Cq,5 _LcLa _,, h/c cm ,qL:Lm, .

__ ls; _lq.joo= :
1 - :, : mm n, ,5,L, C ua mL, .
2 ~ L, c: :L, Lc _e: ua L,e
nea 75
a _,vLm _

l,l.=lI ,i
: ,e,5 Lm C _,, n ,e 5 n cm: L, nx: c L L: xL, nx: :, z
L, cm ,,,,:, : nn: : n5 _,: :x: Lm nn: C ,a ,e x
_]: ) e: ( nn: n, x : _,: n, c,m: mm .
U = _e: _,:

u u u
p if p p
p
p
u
u
p
p
u
p
p
u
p
p
u
u
p p p u u
M p
u
k
k
k
k
k
k
k
k
k
k
k
= +
= = =
=
+
+ +
=
=

0 , 0 ....
... ...
) ,..., , (
2 1
2
2
1
1
2 1

nea 76
a _,vLm _
A
pL
EA
pdx
EA
pdx
EA
dx p
p p
u
EA
dx p
L
L L L
=
=

0
0
2
0 0
2
2
2
)
2
(
2
{ {
GA
pL
EI
pL
GA
pdx
EI
dx px
GA
pdx
EI
dx px
x
GA
dx
p
V V
EI
dx
P
M
M
GA
dx V
p EI
dx M
p
p
V
p V
x
P
M
px M
GA
dx V
EI
dx M
u
L
f
L
f
L
p
v
L
P
M
L L
f
L
f
L
L L
f
2 . 1
3
) 1 (
) (
) (
2
2
2
2
2 2
1
2 2
3
0 0
2
0 0
0 0 0
2 2
0
0 0
2 2
+ =
+ = +
=
=
=
=
= + =

k
p Cq,5 L ,e :Lz ccL,
k
:,
L5 _Lz,: um, x Lz:
k k k
p p =
2
1

Le _Lz,: um, x Lz:L5
k k
p W +
k
k
k
k
k k k k
u We
k k p
p
u
p
p
u
p u p u u p W
= = + = +
=

_,e _,: _Le ,n c,e
EA
pL
=
e _,: _,
=
L
EA
dx p
u
0
2
2

: _,e _,:

L L L L : :: :

nea 77
a _,vLm _
EI
WL
EI
Wx
EI
dx Wx
EI
WL
EI
WL x M Wx
EI
dx
EI
xM px
Wx
dx
EI
M px
Wx
x
EI
Mdx
M
M
M
u
EI
Mdx
p
M
Wx
M
p
u
EI
dx M
u
p wx v
M P
wx
M
L
L
L
L L
L
L
l
x
6
1
6 2
8 8 2 8
1
)
2
( )
2
(
) (
2
2
2
3
0
3
0
2
4 4
0
2
0
4
0 0
0
2
3
0
2
0 0 0
0
2
0
0
2
0
2
= = =
= =
(
+
+ +
=

=
=
=
=
+ =

L L L L : :: :
e: ,5 ,a,e z,e n5
: _,5, _,: i5 Lme nx
,a _,: L, P : z: ,
,: ,:: _x5 :xc n,mLe Liz
5 ,a,a _Lm ,niz i
i , M
0
.

nea 78
a _,vLm _
{
EI
pL
dx Qx px x
pL
EI
dx
EI
Q px
pL
x dx
dx
EI
M
Q
M
dx
EI
M
Q
M
dx
EI
M
Q
M
Q
u
L
x
L
L
Q
M
C
B
B
A
48
5
)
2
(
1
)
2
(
) ( ) 0 (
3
0
2
0
2
0
=
+ + =

+ =

L : xz: L:, um: ,a ,e .

M
:xe
c,e
A-B
x,
x
p
2
0
L
A
Qx px
pL

2

2
0
L
B
nea 79
a _,vLm _

+ + =

ds
EA
p
ds
GA
V
ds
EI
M
u
2 2 2
2 2 2
gio> __ :

c z _e _ naL ,
0 =
x
u
: Lc _e:,ex x
naL ,zx ieL: : CL, Lm C: x n5 cm _:xc ,,,, _,: x n,
::,5 _xe Lm :,5 .

_lI cll>o gio> __ ,i :
n, n5 xii5 Le _,:L aL cv,z _eL: Lm C: :,5 _,:x L:
:, _xe Lm _5 .

__ gio> ,i ols.= :
1 ~ aL cv,z LL:
2 ~ aL cv,z me,, Lm :,5 _,: n:Le 5 ,a _,:

nea 80
a _,vLm _

3 ~ ne,: _Le cL,c 2 z: ,,a _Lm na,5 aL cv,z n, c,m:
4 ~ : _e xi cmx, aL cv,z,:L _Le :Le Lm .

=
0 dx
x
p
EA
p
ds
x
V
GA
V
ds
x
M
EI
M
x
u
i i i i

c,L\ ,c: _,e _,:,5 EA L, cm ,,,, ,: xL, L,e _Lc _ c,L\ z :
c
x
p
EA
pL

:, ,nia, ,, _L,a ,e: xi5 ,L: _xe _,: n, , Lm .

:, ,a x\ L5 n ,ic n, _,L5 _e _c .

M
P ,c
2 2
2
Wa
x
a
30 cos x
AB
0 X BC
nea 81
a _,vLm _
(
+ +
(
= + +
= +
EA
Lx
EA
Lx Wa x a
EA
EA
Lx
EA
Lx
da
wa x a
EA
EA
L
x
EA
xL
x
p
EA
pL
da
a
EI
Wa
x
a
x
u
Wa
a
x
M
L
i
L
i
3
2
4
3
)
4 4
(
1
0
3
2
4
3
)
4 4
( 1
0 ) 1 (
3
2
)
2
3
(
)
2
3
(
2
2 2
2 2
3 2
0
3 2
0
3
2

n:Le C ,z,z :, n,: ,:LLmL5 .

nea 82
a _,vLm _
__K.l = ,i :
, v cm ,, _ n, _Lz, _,, ua :,,L5 :x: :,,L5 L _, .

nea 83
a _,vLm _
R
R
R
R c R R
CR
R
L
R
R R R c R R
R
R
L L
c L
cL
L
c
L
L
c L L L
R
CR
L
cl
R
C R
R
L
c l
L
R cR cl L
III I II I
CR CR
cl L Cl
CR cl
L
M
EI
L M
EII
L M
d x
EI
M L L
EI
M L L
EI
M
C
R
t
L
L M
L EI
L M
EIl
L M
M
EIL
L M
EI
L M
c
L
t
dx x
EIL
L M L L
EIl
M L L
EI
M
c
L
t
L
C
R
t
L
c
L
t
L
B
L
B
a B B III II I
III BR
II B
I
R
R
L
) (
3 6
0
2
2 3 2
) (
3 6
) (
3 6
3
2
2 3 2
) ( , ,
0
0
0
0
2
0
3
2
3
1 1
0
0
,
+ + =
+ + =
+ + =
+ + =
+ + =
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

R
R
L
L
R
R
R L
c
L
L
R L R
R
R
R
R
L
L
c
L
L
L
R
C R
R
R
R
c c R
L L
L c
L
L
L
C L
L
M
R
L
M
L
L L L L
El
I
R
I
L
I
L
M
I
L
I
L
M
I
L
M
L L
M
EI
L M
EI
M
L
L M
EI
L M
EI
L M
L
) ( 6
) ( 6
)
1 1
( 6 ) ( 2
) (
3 6
) (
3 6
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0
2
=
=
+ + + = + + +
+ + =

nea 84
a _,vLm _
L
L
L
L
b a ab p
L
b a pab
L
) 2 ( ) 2 (
0
+
=
+
=
R
R
L
L
L
M
R
L
M
L
) ( 6
,
) ( 6
0
0
0
0
= =
R
R
L
b a ab p
R
) 2 (
0
+
=

,:L ce,i :,m5 ,5,L, Le cLe: _,, L0 R0 x: x :: .

nea 85
a _,vLm _

L L L L : :: :
Lm 2 _eL: n:

n:Le: nm xL, _,i deflection : nL: n5 ,,,n: xL, ,eL,a _ ,eL
_x, ,, n, :,5 L5 n _,i nm n:
i5 .

n,:, _x, :,5 Lm _

nea 86
a _,vLm _
_,, _,i nm n:Le B A A
2
0
2
0 0
8
3
)
2
(
2 2
) 2 (
) 1 ( 75 . 93 10
5 10
8
3 5
)
5
0 ( 2 0
)
1
))
1 1
( ( 6 ) ( 2
pL
L
L
L L L
p
L
b a pab
R
M M
I I
M
I
M
L L L L
A
EI
I
R
I
L
I
L
M
I
L
I
L
M
I
L
M
R
B A
B A
AB
B
AB A A
A
A A AB A A A
AB
B
AB
AB
A A
A A
A
A A
A A
A
=
+
=
+
=
= +
+ + +
+ +
+ = + + +

L: _,, _,i nm n:Le A B C
I I I I
M
I
M
wL
R
B A
5 . 62 75 . 93
0 )
5 5
( 2
5
4
5 2
4
3 3
0
= + + +
= =

25 . 6
25 . 6
) 2 ( 25 . 156 20 5
=
=
= +
A
B
B A
M
M
M M

Lm: _e ) 1 ( ) 2 ( ,:L
A
M ,
B
M x _Le .
L, n: cLz L5 n,5 z: u, ,: n, cLz L5 n .

Lm 1 C _ :: ieL: n:
:Le i5 :Lam :, ,i nm n .

nea 87
a _,vLm _

,ia _,e
,a _L,,5 :,,, x cmx, ai .
c, ,ia _ ,e _\L n, c,5
,, :, ai ,,a: .

{
) 1 (
4
6 2
6
4
2
,
2 3 3
3
3
WL
R m
EIL
ERL
I
WL
I
ML
EI
Rl
k
R
k
R
L
l
EI
= +
=
= = =

, n:Le _e _c ,i5 _

) 2 (
2
0
2
2
2
WL
R M
M
WL
R
L
l
=
=

Lm: _e 1 2 ,:L M R x cmx, .
nea 88
a _,vLm _

EI
WL
E
L
I
Wl
L
E
I
Wl
L
E
I
WL
I
WL
L L
EI
I
WL
I
WL
I
L
I
L WL
384
5
24 16
5
24
16
5
24
16 4
0 )
2 2
( 6
32 32
0 )
2 2
(
8
2 0
4 3 3
3 3
3 3 2
= =
=
+ + +
= + + +

nn:,, L: nn:,,,: nn:: ,ni,n::, n5 ,ni _ _ ,e
xL, ,eL,a .

L5 n:,:L _,i nm n :LamL, i5 x um nn: .

,e xi5 m _,i nm n :LamL, Lm e,i iei nn: C Lme ,:
xi5 .
32 4
)
2
(
2
0
3
3
0
WL
L
W L
L
L
M
L
A
= =
=
=
nea 89
a _,vLm _
{ {
=
=
+ =
+ + +
= + + +
EI EI
EI
E
I I I
c
c C
C
B A
33 . 208
6
5 250
5
6
750 15 67 . 16 2
)
5
0 0 ( 6 0
750
0 )
5 10
)( 67 . 16 ( 2 0

_,, D A,B,
1500 10 40
0
750 750 10
)
10 10
( 2 0
750 10 20
8
3
2
0 0
= +
+
= + + +
= = =
D B
D B
M M
I I I
M
I I
M
R L

) 2 ( 150 4 = +
D B
M M
x : cmx, _,q ,, _,: L:,5

) 1 ( 100 5 0 5 20 5
B c B C
M V M V + = =

33 . 83
67 . 16
3
50
50 3 ) ( ), (
) 3 ( 100
100 ) 2 ( ), 1 (
) 2 ( 5 , 0 5
=
=
= =
= +
= +
= = +
D
B B
D B
D B
D c D C
M
M M II I
M M
M M
M V M V

nn: ,e n,mLe G _,i nm n :LamL, :
,q xL, _a um nn: x:, : nn: nm :Lam: M cm ,a . n:Le
L: _,, _,i nm A B C m,: .
A B C _,,

nea 90
a _,vLm _
l= _,j_si _,ll :
1 ~ L,e ,L:

,a : ,, zL, n:Lz: ,z: _x,, _Lc _,: _,: _La L: xL, ,,
ai :,e , , xL, _La x5 : 5 x5 xi5 : ,a xL, 5
x .

2 ~ ,:L _LzL,,\ ce x _xi,:L, _L,L ,L: :
nea 91
a _,vLm _

i5 xe La ce _Lc :

nea 92
a _,vLm _
2
) 1 . 0 (
) 1 . 0 ( 4 . 0
3
L w
l wl M + =
3 ~ \L L,,\ ce _L,L ,L: .

nea 93
a _,vLm _

4 ~ ,:L _Lz L,,\ ce _L,L ,L:
(I li_ :
xL, z n, C:,: :xc xL, _Lm n:Lz:,5

1 ~ ,a
L : um: L:,m Lnc L:
,m _ :, .
q Lnc L: :,,i ,
_a i5 ,a:x:
cm .

: :Lz,: Lnc L: :, _, n:Lz: um

nea 94
a _,vLm _

,m ,a :
cm ,m ,n: _m _Lz niz: ,z L:L, mLi ,m,z ,, _,: .

ton V V V V 180
4 3 2 1
= + + +
2.5+6+7+3.5=19
,5 x:,, L, ,n: _L:,m ,,,,: um _Lz,m _LmLz niz: .

nea 95
a _,vLm _
: :
2 ~ ,:L5
L : vL, xi:L L, :
: xL, L:,m nm ,5, ,m nLaL, mLi ,m,z _,e _,:
:, n,mLe Lz,: _i n,L _,e _,:L .

M=1001.5=150
M=1004.5+801.5=5570
M=1007.5+804.5+5001.5=860
M=10010.5+807.5+504.5+201.5=190.56
0
nea 96
a _,vLm _
,m ,m _e: L: ,m _e
i5 _e ie,e ce, nz
A A A A A I
A
A A A
y
206 10 3 4 9
0
4
19 12 5
2 2 2 2
= + + + =
=
+ +
=

n5 cm x _ _,: i5 Lme _\L _Lz ,m: _,e _,: 5
cm .
5 ton A
A
p 3 . 83
206
9 1905
1
=
=
5 ton A
A
p 37
206
4 1905
2
=
=

La ton A
A
p 7 . 27
206
3 1905
3
=
=
La Lz n,n: ton A
A
p 5 . 92
206
10 1905
4
=
=
vL,: xi:L ,i _L n, ua n,n _z 860 :, nx5

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= ydx w H L, n: ce,i :,m5L, ,5

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