Discusion de csc x = - ln|csc x + cot x| + C.

1. Proof
estrategia: la estrategia no es obvio. Multiplica y divide el (csc x + cot x); use sustitucion.
csc x + cot x csc x dx = csc x csc x + cot x dx

set u = csc x + cot x then we find du = (- csc x cot x - csc2x) dx -du=(csc x cot x - csc2x) substitute du = (- csc x cot x - csc2x) dx, u = csc x + cot x
csc x + cot x csc x csc x + cot x =du u dx =(- csc2x - csc x cot x) dx csc x + cot x

solve integral = - ln |u| + C substitute back u=csc x + cot x = - ln |csc x + cot x| + C

Q.E.D.