Ejemplo 2.

Disear una losa de cimentacin para la planta de columnas

mostrada en la siguiente figura. Todas las columnas son de 40 x 40. Use fc =
210 kg/cm2 para todo el concreto y fy = 4200 kg/cm2 para todo el acero.
Para e l suelo use qa = 8.5 ton/m2, s = 1.75 ton/m3, Df = 1.80 m y Ks = 3600
ton/m3.

Solucin:
1.- Clculos preliminares.
P = (2 x37) + (2 x 48) + 40 + 42 + (4 x 145) + (2 x 109) = 1050 ton
Pu = (2 x 52) + (2 x 68) +56 +60 +(4 x 204) + (2 x 154) = 1480 ton.
Lx = 12.60 m
Ly = 22.30
Mx = (Pi * Yi) = (145 + 145 + 109) (3.65) + (37 + 48 +42) (10.95) + (145 + 145 109) (-3.65) + (37 +
48 + 40) (-10.95) = 21.90 ton-m.
My = (Pi * Xi) =

(40 + 109 + 109 + 42)(6.1) + (37 + 145 + 145 +37)(-6.1) = -390.4 ton-m.

X0 = Sxi = 6.10 + 6.10 = 12.20 m.

Y0 = Syi = 7.30 + 7.30 + 7.30 = 21.90 m
2.- Dimensiones.
Lx = X0 + (Cx1 + Cx2)/2 = 12.20 + (0.40 + 0.40)/2 = 12.60 m
Ly = Y0 + (Cy1 + Cy2)/2 = 21.90 + (0.40 + 0.40)/2 = 22.30 m
AL = Lx *Ly = 12.60 * 22.30 = 280.98 m2
Pq= q * AL = 3.735 * 280.98 = 1049.46 ton
PT = P + Pq = 1050 + 1049.46 = 2099.46 ton
ex = [My]/PT = 390.4/2099.46 = 0.186 m
ey = [Mx]/PT = 21.9/2099.46 = 0.010 m
Lx = Lx 2*ex = 12.60 2(0.186) = 12.23 m
Ly = Ly 2*ey = 22.30 2(0.010) = 22.28 m
AZ= Lx* Ly= 12.23 * 22.28 = 272.48 m2
qmax = pT /AZ = 2099.46/272.48 = 7.7 ton/m2 < qa = 8.5 ton/m2

3.-Peralte.
- Corte en dos direcciones.
qs = PuT/AZ = 1480 ton/ 272.48 m = 5. 43 ton/m2
Proponer peralte de 80 cm
Por lo tanto:

d=h-10
d=80 m-10 cm
d=70 cm

Calculo de cortante Vu
COLUMNAS CENTRADAS

Pu = 204 ton

Ac= (40+d) (40+d )

Ac= 1.10 *1.10
Ac=1.21 m

b0 = 2(40+d) +2(40+d)
b0 = 4 x 110 cm
b0 = 440 cm

Vu2 = Pu qs*Ac
Vu2 = 204 5.43 (1.21)
Vu2 = 197.43 ton

Vu2 > Vu.

Vc2 = 2[(0.53) (0.75) ( ) b0*d]

Vc2 = 2[(0.53) (0.75) (
) (440) (70)]
Vc2 = 354836.85 kg /1000
Vc2 = 354.84 ton.

354.84 ton >197.43 ton Ok.

COLUMNAS DE BORDE

Pu=68ton

Ac= (40+d/2) (40+d )

Ac= (75 *110)*(1/100)
Ac=0.825 m

b0 = 2(40+d/2) +(40+d)
b0 = 150+110 cm
b0 = 260 cm

Vu2 = Pu qs*Ac
Vu2 = 68 5.43 (0.825)
Vu2 = 63.52 ton

Vc2 = 2[(0.53) (0.75) ( ) b0*d]

Vc2 = 2[(0.53) (0.75) (
) (260) (70)]
Vc2 = 209675.73 kg /1000
Vc2 = 209.68 ton.

Vu2 > Vu.

209.68 ton >63.52 ton Ok.

Pu=154ton

Ac= (40+d/2) (40+d )

Ac= (75 *110)*(1/100)
Ac=0.825 m

b0 = 2(40+d/2) +2(40+d)
b0 = 150+220 cm
b0 = 370 cm
Vc2 = 2[(0.53) (0.75) ( ) b0*d]
Vc2 = 2[(0.53) (0.75) (
) (370) (70)]
Vc2 = 209675.73 kg /1000
Vc2 = 209.68 ton.

Vu2 = Pu qs*Ac
Vu2 = 154 5.43(0.825)
Vu2 = 149.52 ton

Vu2 > Vu.

Pu=204ton

209.68 ton >149.52 ton Ok.

Ac= (40+d/2) (40+d )

Ac= (75 *110)*(1/100)
Ac=0.825 m

b0 = 2(40+d/2) +2(40+d)
b0 = 150+220 cm
b0 = 370 cm
Vc2 = 2[(0.53) (0.75) ( ) b0*d]
Vc2 = 2[(0.53) (0.75) (
) (370) (70)]
Vc2 = 209675.73 kg /1000
Vc2 = 209.68 ton.

Vu2 = Pu qs*Ac
Vu2 = 204 5.43(0.825)
Vu2 = 199.52 ton

Vu2 > Vu.

209.68 ton >199.52 ton Ok.

Elegimos el borde mas cargada con Pu=204 ton.

Vu2 > Vu.

209.68 ton >199.52 ton Ok.

COLUMNAS DE ESQUINA

Pu=52 ton

Ac= (40+d/2) (40+d/2 )

Ac= (75 *75)*(1/100)
Ac= 0.5625 m
Vu2 = Pu qs*Ac
Vu2 = 52 5.43(0.5625)
Vu2 = 48.94 ton

Vu2 > Vu.

b0 = (40+d/2) +(40+d/2)
b0 = 75+75 cm
b0 = 150 cm
Vc2 = 2[(0.53) (0.75) ( ) b0*d]
Vc2 = 2[(0.53) (0.75) (
) (150) (70)]
Vc2 = 120966.76 kg /1000
Vc2 = 120.96 ton.

120.96 ton >48.94 ton Ok.

COLUMNAS DE ESQUINA

Pu=60 ton

Ac= (40+d/2) (40+d/2 )

Ac= (75 *75)*(1/100)
Ac= 0.5625 m

b0 = (40+d/2) +(40+d/2)
b0 = 75+75 cm
b0 = 150 cm
Vc2 = 2[(0.53) (0.75) ( ) b0*d]
Vc2 = 2[(0.53) (0.75) (
) (150) (70)]
Vc2 = 120966.76 kg /1000
Vc2 = 120.96 ton.

Vu2 = Pu qs*Ac
Vu2 = 52 5.43(0.5625)
Vu2 = 56.94 ton

Vu2 > Vu.

120.96 ton >56.94ton Ok.

COLUMNAS DE ESQUINA

Pu=52 ton

Ac= (40+d/2) (40+d/2 )

Ac= (75 *75)*(1/100)
Ac= 0.5625 m
Vu2 = Pu qs*Ac
Vu2 = 52 5.43(0.5625)
Vu2 = 52.94 ton

Vu2 > Vu.

Elegimos el borde mas cargada con Pu=60 ton.
Vu2 > Vu.

120.96 ton >56.94ton Ok.

Usar h = 80 cm, d= 70 cm.

b0 = (40+d/2) +(40+d/2)
b0 = 75+75 cm
b0 = 150 cm
Vc2 = 2[(0.53) (0.75) ( ) b0*d]
Vc2 = 2[(0.53) (0.75) (
) (150) (70)]
Vc2 = 120966.76 kg /1000
Vc2 = 120.96 ton.

120.96 ton >52.94 ton Ok.

Corte en una direccin

Franja X1
Bf=3.85 m Lf=12.60 m

Af= Bf*Lf=48.51m

Pui=52+68+56=176 ton

pui+Xi =52(.20)+68(6.3)+56(12.4)=113.20ton-m
e=xp-( ) ;

= 6.44m

) =0.14> 0 reaccin del suelo hacia la derecha

e=6.44-(

Le=2|e|; Le=2(0.14)=0.28 m
Ws=pui/Lf'; Ws=(

xp

Lf'=Lf-Le; Lf=12.60-0.28=12.32m

)=14.29 ton/m

Franja X2=X3
Bf=7.3 m Lf=12.60 m

Af= Bf*Lf=91.98 m

Pui=204+204+154=562 ton

pui+Xi =204(.20)+204(6.3)+154(12.4)= 3235.6 ton-m

e=xp-( ) ;

= 5.76 m

) =-0.54 > 0 reaccin del suelo hacia la derecha

e=5.76-(

Le=2|e|; Le=2(0.54)= 1.08 m

Ws=pui/Lf'; Ws=(

xp

Lf'=Lf-Le; Lf=12.60-1.08=11.52 m

)=48.78 ton/m

Franja X4
Bf=3.85 m Lf=12.60 m

Af= Bf*Lf=48.51m

pui+Xi =52(.20)+68(6.3)+60(12.4)= 1182.8 ton-m

e=xp-( ) ;

e=6.57-(

xp

= 6.57 m

) =0.27 > 0 reaccin del suelo hacia la derecha

Le=2|e|; Le=2(0.27)=0.54 m
Ws=pui/Lf'; Ws=(

Pui=52+68+60=180 ton

Lf'=Lf-Le; Lf=12.60-0.54=12.06 m

)=14.93 ton/m

franja Y1
Bf=3.25 m Lf=22.3 m

Af= Bf*Lf=72.475m

Pui=52+204+204+52=512 ton

pui+Xi =(0.2)52+(7.5)204+(14.8)204+(22.1)52=5708.8 ton-m

xp
e=xp-( ) ;

= 11.15 m
) =0 > 0 reaccin del suelo hacia la derecha

e=11.15-(

Le=2|e|; Le=2(0)=0 m
Ws=pui/Lf'; Ws=(

Lf'=Lf-Le; Lf=22.3-0=22.3 m
)=22.97 ton/m

franja Y2=Y3
Bf=6.1 m Lf=22.3 m

Af= Bf*Lf=136.03 m

Pui=68+204+204+68=544 ton

pui+Xi =(0.2)68+(7.5)204+(14.8)204+(22.1)68=6065.6 ton-m

xp
e=xp-( ) ;

= 11.15 m
) =0 > 0 reaccin del suelo hacia la derecha

e=11.15-(

Le=2|e|; Le=2(0)=0 m
Ws=pui/Lf'; Ws=(

Lf'=Lf-Le; Lf=22.3-0=22.3 m
)=24.39 ton/m

franja Y4
Bf=3.25 m Lf=22.3 m

Af= Bf*Lf=72.475m

Pui=56+154+154+60=424 ton

pui+Xi =(0.2)56+(7.5)154+(14.8)154+(22.1)60=4771.4 ton-m

xp
e=xp-( ) ;

= 11.25 m
e=11.25-(

Le=2|e|; Le=2(.10)= 0.21 m

Ws=pui/Lf'; Ws=(

) =0.10 > 0 reaccin del suelo hacia la derecha

Lf'=Lf-Le; Lf=22.3-0.21=22.09 m

)=19.20 ton/m

Peralte de la losa
d=h+10
d= 70+10
d=80 cm
Refuerzo a flexin
b=1.0 m ; b=100 cm
Asmin = min*b*h
Asmin = 0.002(100)(80)=16 cm

Mumin= 625*h
Mumin= 625*80
Mumin= 625.8 (80)= 4 ton-m

Asmax =max*b*h
Asmax =0.01605(100)(80)=128.4 cm