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INTRODUCCIN AL

CLCULO VECTORIAL
Esquema/Sumario
1. INTRODUCCIN AL CLCULO VECTORIAL
1.1 Magnitudes vectoriales y escalares. Campos
1.2 Representaciones de vectores: mdulo de un vector, cosenos directores
Operaciones elementales con vectores
1.3 Producto de un vector por un escalar
1.4 Suma y diferencia de vectores: regla del paralelogramo, suma por componentes
1.5 Producto escalar
1.6 Producto vectorial
1.7 Derivada de un vector
1.8 Integral de un vector
2. ANEXO: INTRODUCCIN AL CLCULO DIFERENCIAL
3. ANEXO: INTRODUCCIN AL CLCULO INTEGRAL
RESUMEN DE OPERACIONES ELEMENTALES CON VECTORES
TABLA DE INTEGRALES
ERRATAS DETECTADAS

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ERRATAS DETECTADAS
Pgina
4
6
15
17
21
21
23

Donde dice:
figura 1
figura 2
lo
computestas
Mientra
inmmediatas
b

Debe decir:
figura 4
figura 6
la
compuestas
Mientras
inmediatas
b

f ( x) dx = F ( a ) F (b )

f ( x)dx = F (b) F (a )
a

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