Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
in New York
Federal Campaign Contributions and Race
Acknowledgments:
The database that was used to do the research for this report was generated for
Color of Money 2003: Campaign Contributions, Race, Ethnicity and
Neighborhood, a national report released by Public Campaign, the Fannie Lou
Hamer Project, and the William C. Velasquez Institute in December, 2003. PPEF
staff used the data for that report to generate the New York data reported herein.
Major sections of the narrative of the current report are also taken from the Color
of Money 2003: Campaign Contributions, Race, Ethnicity and Neighborhood, and
are used with permission.
The Public Policy and Education Fund of New York is the research and education affiliate of
Citizen Action of New York. The report is available at the Citizen Action of New York website:
www.citizenactionny.org.
New York State ranks second in the nation in individual federal campaign contributions ($200+) with a total of $205.7
million in the 2000 and 2002 election cycles. New York is home to two of the top contributing metropolitan areas, New
York City and Long Island, in the nation. The single top two contribution zip codes in America are in Manhattan –
10021 and 10022, with another Manhattan zip code, 10028, also in the national top 10.
In all of New York, 94% of the campaign cash comes from predominantly non-Hispanic white zip codes, while only
71% of the population lives in these neighborhoods. Sixty-four percent of the state’s population is non-Hispanic white.
One zip code, 10021, known as the Silk Stocking District of Manhattan, is responsible for $28.4 million in federal
campaign contributions in the last two election cycles. This zip code’s 91,514 adult residents are 86.4% non-Hispanic
white and give $309.84 per capita. The residents of this one zip code gave more than twice the amount of money than
the 146 zip codes in New York State that have more than 50% people of color residing in them, despite the fact that
these zip codes represent over 45 times more adults (4,166,684). The per capita giving of these communities of color is
only $3.17, a fraction (1%) of the amount donated by the residents of the Silk Stocking zip code, 10021.
The top two giving zip codes accounted for over 21% of all federal campaign contributions in the state ($43.5 million),
yet accounted for 0.84% of the population. In comparison, all 146 zip codes in the state with over 50% people of color
accounted for only 6.4% of all campaign giving ($13.2 million) yet contain 29.2% of the state’s population. There are
47 zip codes in New York with over 90% people of color residing in them, representing 11.6% of the state’s population.
These 47 zip codes gave only $1.8 million combined, representing less than one percent of all campaign giving in New
York.
$250,000,000
$205,682,579
$200,000,000
$43,503,975
$50,000,000
$13,212,279
$1,829,997
$0
Of the total amount of campaign contributions from those 161 zip codes, 14%, or $3,286,957 of it came from just three
zip codes: 11791, 11530, and 11743 (Syosset, Garden City, and Huntington). These zip codes combined average 87.4%
non-Hispanic white. Those three zip codes represent just 3.5% of the total population of the region.
The eleven zip codes with less than 50% non-Hispanic whites (11575, 11692, 11691, 11798, 11550, 11553, 11717,
11520, 11722, 11701, and 11590), Roosevelt, Arverne/Far Rockaway, Wyandanch, Hempstead, Uniondale, Brentwood,
Freeport, Central Islip, Amityville and Westbury/New Cassel gave 6.1% of all federal campaign contributions or about
a third as much as the top three zips. However, these eleven zip codes represent four times as many people as the top
three zips. The total amount of campaign contributions from these eleven zip codes was $1,423,402.
However, one zip code with less than 50% non-Hispanic whites is an outlier, Westbury/New Cassel 11590. This one zip
code gave $957,840, which is about twice as much as all other ten zip codes with a majority of people of color
combined. After researching this, we discovered that the Nassau County Republican Committee office is in 11590.
Because the federal campaign finance data we are using includes soft money contributions, we feel that this is likely the
reason for 11590 being unlike all the others with similar demographics.
If we exclude 11590 from the analysis, the remaining ten zip codes that are a majority people of color donated just
$465,562 or 2% of the region’s total campaign contributions. These zip codes represent 12.5% of the region’s
population. The three top giving zip codes gave over seven times as much money as these ten, while these ten had 3.5
times more residents.
The zip code with the highest percentage of people of color was Roosevelt 11575. With only 3.8% non-Hispanic whites
living in Roosevelt, the residents gave only $2,600 in 2000 and 2002. Syosset 11791, however, which is 85% non-
Hispanic white, gave $1,175,231 or over 452 times as much as Roosevelt. The adult population of Roosevelt is 11,166
and that of Syosset is 17,938.
New York City is the number one region in America for federal campaign contributions. People of color make up 60%
of the population, but 93% of the contributions come from zip codes with a majority of non-Hispanic whites
Over 68% of all the money donated to campaigns from New York City came from the top ten zip codes. These zips
represent just 6.8% of the population of the region. These zip codes combined are over 80% non-Hispanic white. The
ten zip codes gave a total of $93,226,104 between them, which is more than the totals for every other state in the nation
except for California, Texas and Florida.
One single zip code, 10021, the Silk Stocking District, is the largest campaign contributing zip code in the nation with
$28,354,950 given in 2000 and 2002. This zip code is 86.4% non-Hispanic white and has 91,514 adults living in it. The
residents of this one zip code gave more than twice the amount of money than the 146 zip codes in New York State that
have more than 50% people of color residing in them, despite the fact that these zip codes represent over 45 times more
adults (4,166,684). The per capita giving of these communities of color is only $3.17, much less than the residents of
10021. This one zip code also gives about 72% more money than the Metropolitan areas of Buffalo, Rochester,
Syracuse, Capital District and Mid-Hudson combined ($16,494,712).
The residents of 10021 gave about 21% of all the money from New York City but represented just 1.5% of the
population. They gave 2.8 times more money than all 97 zip codes with more than 50% people of color combined, 17.4
times more money than all 44 zip codes with less than 10% non-Hispanic whites, and 15.3 times more money than all
the residents of the Bronx combined.
There are 97 zip codes in New York City with less than 50% non-Hispanic whites, accounting for 56.4% of the total
adult population of the region (3,474,069). These 97 zip codes gave only 7.3% of all the campaign contributions from
New York City at $9,987,007.
There are 44 zip codes in New York City with less than 10% non-Hispanic whites, accounting for 26.6% of all adults in
the region (1,637,014). These 44 zip codes gave 1.3% of all campaign contributions from New York City at $1,803,089.
The 25 zip codes that make up the Bronx account for 15.1% of the population of the region, but they give only 1.4% of
the campaign contributions. Over one third of all the money in the Bronx comes from one zip code, 10471, which gives
$778,930 of the $1,856,256 from the Bronx. This one zip code is 71% non-Hispanic white, one of only five zip codes in
the Bronx with more whites than people of color. Overall, the Bronx is only 17.7% non-Hispanic whites.
The zip code with the lowest percentage of non-Hispanic whites, 0.8%, in New York City is 11212, the Brownsville
neighborhood of Brooklyn. This zip code with 55,899 adult residents gave a total of $16,655 in 2000 and 2002. In
comparison, 10021 gave 1,702 times as much money as 11212. The residents of 10021 gave $310 per capita, while
those in Brownsville gave $0.30 per capita.
$160,000,000
$136,142,144 All 185 Zips in Region
$140,000,000
$120,000,000 Top 10 Giving Zips (avg. 80%
Total $ Given
$93,226,104 White)
$100,000,000
All 97 Zips <50% White
$80,000,000
$60,000,000 All 44 Zips <10% White
$40,000,000
$9,987,007 The Bronx
$20,000,000
$1,803,089 $1,856,256
$0
Of the total amount of campaign contributions from those 125 zip codes, 47.3%, or $11,826,045 of it came from just
seven zip codes: 10583, 10580, 10708, 10538, 10543, 10514 and 10549 (Scarsdale, Rye, Bronxville, Larchmont,
Mamaroneck, Chappaqua, and Mount Kisco/Bedford Corners). These zip codes combined average 83% non-Hispanic
white. Those seven zip codes represent just 9.4% of the total population of the region. The top three zip codes for
campaign contributions, Scarsdale, Rye and Bronxville gave 31.5% of all contributions in the region, or $7,883,399.
These three zip codes represent 5% of the population for the region. Scarsdale (10583) alone gave $4.1 million, which is
16.6% of all the money in the region, but represents 2.5% of the population. That zip code is 83% non-Hispanic white.
The twelve zip codes with less than 50% non-Hispanic whites (10553, 10550, 10927, 10705, 10701, 10601, 10606,
10607, 10801, 10977, 10523 and 10931), Mount Vernon, Haverstraw, Yonkers, White Plains, New Rochelle, Spring
Valley, Elmsford and Hillburn gave 3.3% of all federal campaign contributions or about 14 times less than the top
seven. However, these zip codes represent twice as many people as the top seven zips. The total amount of campaign
contributions from these twelve zip codes was $820,098. Each of the top seven contributing zip codes gave more money
individually than all the zip codes with a majority of people of color combined. There are 3.6 times more people living
in these twelve zip codes than the top three giving zip codes, but those three gave over 9.6 times as much money.
Scarsdale alone gave over five times as much money as all twelve zip codes with a majority of people of color, although
they had over seven times as many residents as Scarsdale.
Mount Vernon 10550 has roughly the same number of adult residents as Scarsdale 10583, at 27,483 and 27,950
respectively. This Mount Vernon zip code gave a total of $27,571 to federal candidates in 2000 and 2002 and is 84.2%
people of color. While the populations of the zip codes are about the same, residents of Scarsdale gave over 150 times
as much money as those in 10550.
$30,000,000
$24,993,455
$25,000,000 All 125 Zip Codes in
Region
$5,000,000
$820,098
$0
Zip Codes
The adult population of this area is 494,034, 83% of whom (410,249) are non-Hispanic white. The total amount of
federal campaign contributions for the 2000 and 2002 election cycles was $2,069,691.
Of the total amount of campaign contributions from those 130 zip codes, 21.7%, or $448,175 of it came from just one
zip code, the Poughkeepsie suburb of Pleasant Valley (12569). This zip code is 95% non-Hispanic white and represents
just 1.3% of the region’s population (6,540 adults).
In contrast, the five zip codes with fewer than 75% non-Hispanic whites living in them (12507, 12428, 12550, 12508,
and 12601) Barrytown, Ellenville, Newburgh, Beacon, and Downtown Poughkeepsie gave 11.2% of all federal
campaign contributions while representing 18.4% of the population (90,679 adults). These five zip codes gave a total of
$232,575.
The one highest giving zip code gave over twice as much money to federal candidates in 2000 and 2002 than the five
zip codes with over 25% people of color combined.
$2,500,000
$2,069,691
$2,000,000
All 131 Zips in Region
Total $ Given
$448,175
$500,000
$232,575
$0
Of the total amount of campaign contributions from those 139 zip codes, 24%, or $913,558 of it came from just three
zip codes: Loudonville 12211, Niskayuna 12309, and Clifton Park 12065. These zip codes combined average 92% non-
Hispanic white. Those three zip codes represent just 9% of the total population of the region. Loudonville alone gives
more money, $486,795, or 12.4% of the region’s total than all eight zip codes with less than 75% non-Hispanic whites
combined, but accounts for 1% of the region’s population. Loudonville is 93% white.
The eight zip codes with less than 75% non-Hispanic whites (12207, 12204, 12206, 12210, 12202, 12307, 12051, and
12175) Downtown Albany/Arbor Hill, Albany Second Ave/Delaware, Hamilton Hill Schenectady, Coxsackie and
Summit, gave 12.1% of all federal campaign contributions or about half as the top three. The total amount of campaign
contributions from these eight zip codes was $468,740. However, these are not truly representative of communities of
color because they include zips of 12207 and 12210, which surround the state capitol. There are many lobbying firms
and law offices in this area, which likely are the sources of many of the campaign contributions from these zip codes,
not the residents of the neighborhood. Coxsackie is the home to the Coxsackie State Correctional Facility and Summit is
the home of the Summit Shock Incarceration Correctional Facility.
If we look at just two zip codes, we can see the disparity more clearly. Hamilton Hill in Schenectady (12307) and the
Second Ave/Delaware neighborhood in Albany (12202) combined gave only $16,050 to federal campaigns in 2000 and
2002. This accounts for 0.4% of campaign contributions in the region but 2% of the population. These zip codes
average less than 45% non-Hispanic whites. Even though Loudonville had 38% fewer residents than 12202 and 12307,
residents there gave over 30 times as much money.
Capital District Federal Cam paign Capital District Federal Cam paign Contributions
Contributions (2000 & 2002) (2000 & 2002)
$600,000 $4,500,000
$486,795 $3,853,916 All 139 Zips in Region
$468,740 $4,000,000
$500,000 Top 3 Giving Zips (avg.
$3,500,000
92% White)
Loudonville Loudonville 12211 (93%
$400,000 $3,000,000
12211 (93%
Total $ Given
Total $ Given
White)
White) $2,500,000 8 Zips <75% White
$300,000
All 8 Zips $2,000,000
<75% White
$200,000 $1,500,000
$913,558
$1,000,000
$100,000 $486,795
$500,000
$468,740
$0 $0
Of the total amount of campaign contributions from those 96 zip codes almost half (47%), or $1,171,239, came from
just six zip codes: 13066, 13104, 13142, 13202, 13152 and 13035 (Fayetteville, Manlius, Pulaski, Downtown Syracuse,
Skaneateles, and Cazenovia). These zip codes combined average 89.8% non-Hispanic white. Those six zip codes gave a
per capita contribution of $28.94 to federal campaigns and represent just 6.9% of the total population of the region.
In contrast, the eight zip codes with less than 75% non-Hispanic whites (13202, 13205, 13224, 13207, 13204, 13210,
13120 and 13072), Downtown Syracuse, the South Side, University/East Side, the West Side, the Onondaga Nation, and
Georgetown gave 14.7% of all federal campaign contributions with a more of the population, 12.8%, than the six top-
giving zip codes. These eight zip codes had a per capita contribution of $4.93 with a total of $369,967. Georgetown is
the location of Camp Georgetown State Correctional Facility.
However, we feel that we should exclude from analysis the outlier of zip code 13202, which is Downtown Syracuse and
includes many corporate offices including Pyramid but also has numerous housing projects in which a disproportionate
number of people of color live. The corporate offices and law firms located in this zip code may have been the reported
address for many federal campaign contributions. By excluding 13202, the seven remaining zip codes with less than
75% non-Hispanic whites gave only $235,894 or 9% of the total money and account for 12% of the population of the
region. The per capita campaign contribution from these seven zip codes is only $3.32.
This exclusion also impacts the highest giving zip codes in the region. Excluding 13202 leaves five zip codes at the top
of the giving list, with a total of $1,037,166 or 41.3% of the region’s campaign contributions. These five zips account
for only 6% of the region’s population.
Excluding 13202, the five highest giving zip codes gave over four times as much money to federal candidates in 2000
and 2002 than the seven zip codes with the highest percentage of people of color, even though they had half as many
residents. The single greatest giving zip code was Fayetteville 13066 with $388,267 in contributions and 94.6% non-
Hispanic white residents. The zip code with the lowest percentage of non-Hispanic whites (49%) was 13205, the South
Side of Syracuse, which gave only $17,014 and has 56% more residents than 13066.
$3,000,000
All 96 Zips in Region
$2,509,215
$2,500,000
Top 5 Giving Zips (avg. 96%
$2,000,000 White)
Total $ Given
$500,000
$235,894
$0
The adult population of this area is 808,878, 84.67% of whom (684,745) are non-Hispanic white. The total amount of
federal campaign contributions for the 2000 and 2002 election cycles was $3,726,770.00.
Of the total amount of campaign contributions from those 108 zip codes, 43.3%, or $1,613,864 of it came from just
three zip codes: 14534, 14618 and 14610 (Pittsford, Rochester Twelve Corners/Brighton, and Cobb’s Hill). Each of
these zip codes is over 91% non-Hispanic white. Those three zip codes gave a per capita contribution of $31.31 to
federal campaigns and represent just 6.4% of the total population of the region.
In contrast, the six zip codes with more people of color living in them than non-Hispanic whites (14605, 14608, 14611,
14619, 14621, and 14614), North of Downtown Rochester, Dutchtown, the 19th ward, the 14621 Neighborhood and
Downtown Rochester gave 8.6% of all federal campaign contributions with a higher percent of the population – 8%
than the three top-giving zip codes. These six zip codes had a per capita contribution of $4.93 with a total of $319,413.
However, if we remove the outlier of zip code 14614, which is downtown Rochester and includes many corporate
offices including Xerox and Bausch and Lomb which may have been the reported address for many federal campaign
contributions, the five remaining zip codes with over 50% people of color gave only $100,437 or 2.7% of the total
money and account for 7.9% of the population of the region. The per capita campaign contribution from these five zip
codes is only $1.57.
The three highest giving zip codes gave over 16 times as much money to federal candidates in 2000 and 2002 than the
five zip codes with the highest percentage of people of color.
$4,000,000
$3,726,770
$3,500,000
All 108 Zips in Region
$3,000,000
Top 3 Giving Zips (avg.
91% White)
$2,500,000
Total $ Given
$1,000,000
$500,000
$100,437
$0
The adult population of this area is 991,600, 85.6% of whom (848,502) are non-Hispanic white. The total amount of
federal campaign contributions for the 2000 and 2002 election cycles was $4,336,120.
Of the total amount of campaign contributions from those 112 zip codes, 26.3%, or $1,141,735 of it came from just
three zip codes: 14221, 14051, and 14127 (Williamsville, East Amherst, and Orchard Park). These zip codes average
94% non-Hispanic white. Those three zip codes represent just 7.4% of the total population of the region.
In contrast, the seven zip codes with more people of color living in them than non-Hispanic whites (14208, 14204,
14211, 14215, 14203, 14201, and 14034) East Buffalo/Hamlin Park, University District, Downtown Buffalo, Ellicott
District and Collins gave 4.3% of all federal campaign contributions with a higher percent of the population – 8.5% than
the three top-giving zip codes. These seven zip codes gave a total of $184,716. Collins is the home to the Collins State
Correctional Facility.
The three highest giving zip codes gave over 6 times as much money to federal candidates in 2000 and 2002 than the
seven zip codes with over 50% people of color. One zip code alone, 14221, which is 93% non-Hispanic white, gave
three times as much money as all zips with over 50% people of color even though it has less than half as many
residents.
$5,000,000
$4,500,000 $4,336,120
$4,000,000
$3,000,000
Top 3 Giving Zips
$2,500,000 (avg. 94% White)
All 7 Zips w ith<50%
$2,000,000
White
$1,500,000
$1,141,735
$1,000,000
$500,000
$184,716
$0
Zip Codes