Truyen ong ien 1

* Muc luc * * Muc luc *

Chng 1 : Gii thieu chung . Chng 1 : Gii thieu chung .
Chng 2 : Chng 2 : C s nguon d C s nguon d
phong va linh kien ien phong va linh kien ien
t . t .
Chng 3 : Gii thieu mach Chng 3 : Gii thieu mach
cac khoi chc nang . cac khoi chc nang .
Chng 4 : Cac s o Chng 4 : Cac s o
inverter cua UPS c ban . inverter cua UPS c ban .
Chng 5 : Nhan xet ve Chng 5 : Nhan xet ve
nguon UPS . nguon UPS .
Chng 6 : V du minh hoa . Chng 6 : V du minh hoa .
Chng 7 : anh gia . Chng 7 : anh gia .

Truyen ong ien 2
Chng 8 : Mot so hnh anh Chng 8 : Mot so hnh anh
minh hoa ve bo nguon UPS . minh hoa ve bo nguon UPS .
CHNG1: GII THIEU CHNG1: GII THIEU
CHUNG CHUNG
<I> <I> AT VAN E: AT VAN E:
- ien la nguon nang lng khong the thieu
c trong sinh hoat i song hang ngay cua con ngi
cung nh trong viec san xuat kinh doanh. Hien nay nc
ta ang tren ng hien ai hoa, cong nghiep hoa
at nc. V the nguon cung cap ien c quan tam
hang au.
- Thc te a co nhieu nha may ien co cong
u ln e ang ng cho nhu cau sinh hoat cua ngi
dan va cong viec san xuat cua cac cong ty, x
nghiep. Ben canh o, viec cung cap mot nguon ien
on nh la het sc can thiet v no co anh hng
en hoat ong cua cac thiet b ien ien t va
gay ra nhng hau qua khong the lng c. Va quan
trong hn, viec mot so thiet b oi hoi phai cung cap
mot nguon ien lien tuc nh may vi tnh e lu lai d
lieu khi nguon ien li b mat. o la van e can
c quan tam.
<II> <II> MUC CH YEU CAU: MUC CH YEU CAU:
- e ap ng nhu cau cung cap ien ngay
cang cao cua cac thiet b ien ien t hien
ai, th oi hoi nguon ien cung cap phai at
chat lng on nh cao cung nh viec trang b cac
thiet b ien d phong va a vao s dung khi
nguon ien li b mat hoan toan.
- V vay, chung ta can tm hieu cach hoat ong
cua cac thiet b ien en t ang c s dung e
cung cap nguon ien d tr kp thi. V du nh may vi

Truyen ong ien 3
tnh oi hoi thi gian chuyen oi t nguon ien li
sang nguon ien d tr phai u nho e tranh mat
d lieu va nhng hau qua khac.
<III> <III> GII HAN E TAI: GII HAN E TAI:
- Viec chuyen oi ien ap t mot chieu (DC)
sang xoay chieu (AC) va viec chuyen mach cap ien la
nhng phan quan trong trong bo nguon d phong, no
am bao cho thiet b hoat ong bnh thng nh khi s
dung nguon ien li on nh. Trong pham vi e tai
nay, nhom ch thc hien trong pham vi han hep la d
phong cho nguon ien 1pha xoay chieu.
<IV> NOI DUNG E TAI:
Chng 1 : Gii thieu chung
Chng 2 : C s nguon d phong va linh kien
ien t
Chng 3 : Gii thieu mach cac khoi chc nang
Chng 4 : Cac s o inverter cua UPS c ban
Chng 5 : Nhan xet ve nguon UPS
Chng 6 : V du minh hoa
Chng 7 : anh gia
Chng 8 : Mot so hnh anh minh hoa ve bo
nguon UPS
CHNG2: C S NGUON CHNG2: C S NGUON
D PHONG VA LINH KIEN D PHONG VA LINH KIEN
IEN T IEN T
<I> <I> ai cng ve cac linh kien ban dan:

Truyen ong ien 4
1. Diode: linh kien ch cho dong ien i qua no
theo mot chieu nhat nh.
+ Cau tao va ky hieu:
+ ac tnh :
2. Trasistor:(BJT): linh kien chuyen dong ien t
mot gia tr nho sang mot gia tr dong ln hn.

Truyen ong ien 5
+ Cau tao va ky hieu:

Truyen ong ien 6
+ ac tnh:
3. Trasistor trng :linh kien chuyen t ien ap
khien nho sang dong ien ln hn.
+ Cau tao va ky hieu:

Truyen ong ien 7
+ ac tnh:

Truyen ong ien 8
4. UJT:
+ Cau tao va ky hieu:
+ ac tnh:

Truyen ong ien 9
5. IGBT:
+ Cau tao va ky hieu:

Truyen ong ien 10
ac tnh:

S o tng ng
IGBT
Truyen ong ien 11
<II> <II> ai cng ve nguon d phong (ups):
1. S o khoi va y ngha cua cac khoi
chc nang:
+ S o khoi:
+ Y ngha cua s o khoi:
o Khoi chnh lu: chuyen t ien xoay chieu sang ien
ap mot chieu cung cap cho cac khoi pha sau (mach
nap,bobien oi,bo dieu khien) va la nguon nap
ien cho acquy lu ien . ay la mot trong nhng
thanh phan quan trong quyet nh tnh on nh cung
nh hieu qua cung cap ien .
oKhoi nap va bao ve accu:
Khoi nap: ay la mot mach ien t co cong suat
kha nho, chuyen thc hien tnh nang nap ien cho
acquy. Do yeu cau la acquy luon phai nap ay khi co
ien nguon nen mach nap phai co tnh on nh cao,
o tin cay cao.Ch can co mot trong nhng s suat
nho la anh hng sau rong ti cac khoi pha sau
cung nh thiet b can nguon d phong. Cac linh kien
ien t trong mach cung phai chu noi dong ien nap.
Mot trong nhng ieu quan trong vi mach nap la phai
biet khi nao acquy a ay ien e t ngat dong ien

CHNH
LU
MA CH
NA P VA
BAO
VE
ACCU
BO
OI
I EN
BO
I EU
KHIN
TAI
T LI
NGUN
Truyen ong ien 12
nap, ong thi phai nap lai ien neu acquy thieu
ien.
o Khoi accu: Mot trong nhng thanh phan quan trong
cau tao nen bo lu ien la nguon ien lu tr. Chnh
no quyet nh mot so ac tnh ky thuat cua
UPS( thi gian lu ien, dong ien,cong suat...).
Thng ngi ta thng s dung acquy,hay pin e lu
tr ien mot chieu.Nguon nay se c nap thng
xuyen bi mach nap .e nang cao o tin cay cung cap
ien ngi ta thng dung nhieu acquy,hay pin mac
song song vi nhau e tang cong suat cua nguon.
o Khoi oi ien: ac iem cua mot so thiet b la
phai hoan tat mot so cong oan nhat nh trong thi
gian mat ien.Ta phai tien hanh cap nguon d phong
trong khoan thi gian ngan o .Mot trong nhng van
e quan tam la a so cac thiet b trong cong
nghiep,cung nh dan dung hien nay ieu s dung
nguon ien xoay chieu co tan so 50-60hz. Nguon ien
nay rat kho lu tr,trong khi ien mot chieu lai de
dang trong chuyen nay.Cho nen can phai co bo
chuyen oi ien ap mot chieu ra xoay chieu ap ng
c yeu cay o.
o Bo ieu khien: ay cung la mot mach ien t
(co the bang tay) chuyen dung eieu khien viec
chuyen oi gia viec s dung trc tiep li ien vi
vien s dung ien ap ra bi bo bien oi ien ap
mot chieu xoay chieu.
o Tai: la thiet b tieu thu ien nang can co ien
hau nh lien tuc.
2. Yeu cau cua bo nguon UPS:
o ien ap ra phai on nh.
o Tan so ra gan dang sine nhat(thanh phan bac
mot), va t song hai bac cao nhat.
o t can nhieu thiet b ien cung nh he thong vo
tuyen ien.
o Cong suat va dong ra ap ng c phu tai tieu
thu ien.
o Cong suat tieu ton thap nhat.
o Tuoi tho cang lau cang tot.
o Thi gian lu ien cap cho thiet b.

So o chnh l u
cau 1 pha pha
Truyen ong ien 13
CHNG 3:GII THIEU MACH CHNG 3:GII THIEU MACH
CAC KHOI CHC NANG CAC KHOI CHC NANG
<I>CHNH LU:
Chc nang cua bo chnh lu la cung cap nguon
ien mot chieu on nh, co o dn song rat nho cho
bo oi ien cung nh la nap vao Accu, ong thi
cung am bao ien ap lam viec cua diode. Thong
thng, oi vi cac nguon chnh lu co ien ap
nho, dong ien nho th viec chnh lu mac theo s o
sao mot pha la hp ly. ien ap ra thng nam trong
cac mc 12\24\36\48V, tuy theo dung lng cua UPS.
- Dang song ien ap :
-Mach chnh lu toan ky bon
Diode D
1
,D
2
,D
3
,D
4
,c cung cap
nguon xoay chieu t li ien 220V
co tan so f = 50 Hz, ha ap xuong
pha th cap U
2
nh hnh
Nguyen ly hoat ong cua
mach :

Gia s ban ky au dng : Dong

ien i t A qua D
1
, qua phu tai R,
qua D
3
va tr ve B. Vay trong ban
ky nay D
1
,D
3
dan, con D
2
va D
4
ngat.
Ban ky sau : Dong ien i t B qua
D
2
qua R va qua D
4
tr ve A

Truyen ong ien 14
R R
u
R
u
I
L L
m
L
DC
DC
u 9 . 0
2

<II>KHOI IEU KHIEN:

1. Cac ac trng cua xung:
Xung ieu khien c
ac trng bi cac
thong so sau:
Tan so cua xung(chu
ky xung)
Thi gian co xung (thi
gian ngat chung) tren
thi gian mot chu ky.
2.Cac thong so cua xung:
- Xung ieu khien ay la tn hieu ieu khien
bon phan lai trong khoi bien oi dc\ac.Mot xung ieu
khien phai am bao o on nh cao (tan so khong
oi,bien o on nh, khong b nhieu bi tn hieu ben
ngoai).Theo nguyen tac co the ieu khien trc tiep
bang song sine nhng nh the se phat sinh nhng
nhc iem khong the chap nhan c(ton hao qua
cao, hieu suat thap, phat nong cao...).Cho nen trong
thc te ngi ta thng s dung xung vuong e ieu
khien.Xet ve mat nay co nhieu li ch nh ton hao
trong linh kien ban dan thap(che o bao hoa), de

0
T
t
on
t
of f
+V
CC
S o phat xung vuong s
dung IC 7404
S o phat xung vuong s
dung IC NE555
Truyen ong ien 15
dang trong viec tao ra xung vuong( song sine co tan
so cao hn)......Thong thng th nguon acquy se cap
ien khi nguon chnh mat ien va khong phu thuoc
vao nguon acquy lu ien khi co ien. Sau ay la mot
so s o phat xung ieu khien.:
3. Cac s o phat xung vuong:
S o phat xung vuong dung dao ong a hai :
u iem: n gian re tien, de che tao, ton t linh kien
Tan so dao ong cua mach la:
) ( 69 , 0
1
2 2 1 1
C R C R
f
+

S o phat xung vuong s dung IC NE555

u iem: mach n gian lam viec on nh
Nhc iem: ch co mot tn hieu ra ton them
mach ao
Tan so cua mach:
) ( 69 , 0
1
2 2 1 1
C R C R
f
+

S o phat xung vuong s dung IC so:

Tan so cua mach la:
1 1
. 2 . 69 , 1
1
C R
f

Truyen ong ien 16
4.S o phat song sine dung op-amp:
S o phat song sine dung cuon cam:
Tan so cua mach :
S o phat song sine dung tu ien:
Tan so cua mach :
* ieu che xung ieu khien:
- Vi cac dang xung
ieu khien nh tren
khong the tao ra c
dang song sine nh mong
muon ma ch tao ra
c ien ap song
vuong. Trong nhieu thiet
b ien t neu s
dung ien ap nay anh
hng rat ln en tnh
chat cua thiet b( may

ieu
khien H
ieu
khien L
S o phat song
sine bang tu
S o phat song si ne bang
cuon day
Truyen ong ien 17
bien ap, vi tnh, ong c 3 pha) . Chnh v the ngi ta
tien hanh ieu che tn hieu xung nay thanh cac xung
nho hn e ieu khien ien ap bo UPS co dang gan
sine nhat.
- Thong thng th ngi ta tien hanh ieu che
xung nay bang cach ieu che o rong xung (PWM),
tc la tien hanh bam xung vuong tao c tren .
Phng phap nay rat phc tap nhng hieu qua rat
cao , u iem la at c ch tieu cung cap ien.
- Mot trong nhng phng phap c lam nhieu
nhat la tien hanh tao ra mot dang song sine chuan,
ong thi tao ra mot song tam giac . So sanh dang
song tam giac vi song sine tao c tren bang vi
mach (op-amp) se tao ra c xung ieu khien.ang
song cua xung ieu khien khong con la dang vuong
na ma la mot chuoi xung vuong co o rong khac
nhau.
- Tren thc te th, ngi ta ch chia ra lam 5 xung
le trong na chu ky ien ap. Do do ma xung ieu
khien ch can 5 xung cho moi chu ky .
<III> KHOI ON AP:
- Do acquy lam viec cap ien ap 12\24\36\48 V
nen ien ap nhanh chong giam nhanh, khi o bo nguon
d phong se khong u ap ra . V vay thng th ngi
ta s dung them mach on ap vi mc ien ap on
nh thap hn ien ap cua acquy.Sau ay la mot so
mach on ap thong dung :

MAS
S
12V
24V
22F /
25V
100F /
50V
+
Accu
-
7812
dt
d
w

2

Truyen ong ien 18

<IV>KHOI BIEN OI IEN AP:
- ay la bo phan quan trong nhat cua he thong
lu ien.Chung ta khong the d phong c ien xoay
chieu nhng ien 1 chieu th co the va rat de
dang.Mot bo phan co the chuyen oi c t dc
sang ac la motgiai phap kha kha thi.
C s ly thuyet:
S o ay keo 2
trasistor :
T
1
va T
2
luan phien
nhau dan ien trong
moi chu ky
Ban ky au : T
1
dan,
T
2
khong

dan , dong
vao cuon cuon n
1
tren

t au co cham en
au khong cham

min 1
1
1
I t
L
V
i
v
+
- Do so amper
vong n
1
i
1
bien thien tuyen tnh t I
min
en I
max
trong thi
gian t 0 en
Vay V
r
= = khong oi(const)
- Ban ky sau: T
1
khong dan, T
2
dan ,
dong vao cuon cuon
n
1 tren
t au khong
cham en au co
cham

MAS
S
2
T
Truyen ong ien 19

min 1
1
1
I t
L
V
i
v
+
- Do so amper vong n
1
i
1
bien thien tuyen tnh t
I
min
en I
max
trong thi gian t
2
T
en T
Vay V
r
=
dt
d
w

2

= khong oi(const)
- ien ap ra co dang hnh ch nhat nh hnh ve.
e tnh ien ap ra ta co :
V
r
=
dt
d
w

2
,
2
min max
d
Vay V
r
=
f w
T
w
max 2
max
2
4
2
2

=const
-Tng t vay ta co :
V
r
=
f w
T
w
max 1
max
1
4
2
2

=const
- Vay :
khi 0<t<T/2 V
r
=
v
V
w
w
1
2
khi T/2 <t<T V
r
=
v
V
w
w
1
2

Vay :
V r
T
r r
V
W
W T
W
W T
V
W
W
T
dt V
T
V
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
0
2
2 2
1 1

1
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

ien ap xoay chieu ra :V

r
=
v
V
w
w
1
2
S o ay keo dung cau 4 MOS-FET

Truyen ong ien 20

- Ve nguyen ly,tnh chat manh nh s o 2
trasistor, ch khac ay khi kch xung ta phai kch ong
thi 2 cap mosfet tng ng (TR
1
,TR

1
)va (TR
2
,TR

2
)
Thong thng th cac trasis tor c thay the bang cac
linh ban dan nh IGBT va MOSFET bi nhng ac tnh

Truyen ong ien 21
ac biet ma trasistor khong co ( ton hao nho, ap
ng nhanh, ieu khien bang ien ap, tr khang au
vao).
- Mot so phu tai ac biet ( may bien ap , ong
c ien ...) yeu cau ien ap ra dang sine . Nh a noi
tren ta co the s dung bien phap bam xung ieu
khien. ieu nay dan en ien ap ra tren tai co
dang nh hnh ve.ng vi moi ban ky ien ap ra, ta
tien hanh phat mot chuoi xung co o rong khac
nhau trong o co mot xung
trung tam co o ln rong nhat , cac xung khac co
o ln khac nhau nhng lai oi xng nh hnh ve.
Van e tao xung nay a trnh bay nh phan phat xung
ieu khien.Mot ieu quan trong thng ngi ta s
dung xung le la xung trung tam. Viec lam nay co
phan li la co the triet tieu song hai chan trong
chuoi fourier. Thong thng th trong moi ban ky co so
xung la 5, xung oi xng qua ng thang la T\4,3T\2...
Dang song di ay la mot dang song ienb ap ra
vi ieu che xung la 25 va 10

Cuon Day
Bien Ap
Truyen ong ien 22
1. May bien ap:
S gia tang nhiet o cua bien ap
-Nhiet o cua bien ap tang cao hn nhiet
o cua moi trng la do phu thuoc vao
ton hao loi, ton hao dong va be mat tan
nhiet cua bien ap. Khong kh thoi qua
bien ap co the lam giam s gia tang
nhiet o ang ke.
-e tnh toan s gia tang nhiet o ngi
ta da vao mot so ng at tnh kinh
nghiem cua ien tr nhiet tren tiet dien
be mat tan nhiet.
-ien tr nhiet R
t

-S gia tang nhiet o: dT
-Ton hao cong suat: P
dT = P.R
t

ng ac tnh ien tr nhiet cua bo tan nhiet
oi vi tong dien tch be mat c minh hoa
hnh sau :

Truyen ong ien 23
Ton hao loi vi tan so va mat o t cam.
-Hau het cac bien ap s dung loi ferrite. Ferrites
la vat lieu gom sat t. Cau truc cua no gom
hon hp oxit sat vi Mn, kem oxit.Ton hao dong
ien xoay cua no bo qua khi ien tr suat rat
cao.Ton hao loi chu yeu do ton hao t tre nhng
cung kha thap.
-Mot so chat lieu c o at sau cho ton hao loi
la nho tan so cao va nhiet o cao.
-Yeu to chnh anh hng viec chon la chat lieu
la ac tnh ton hao loi (thng mW/cm
3
) oi vi
tan so va mat o t cam.
Hnh dang loi ferrite
-Loi ferrite c san suat vi kch c tng oi
nho.
-Hnh dang loi khac nhau nh: Loi hnh chen, loi RM,
EE, PQ, UU, UI,EI.
-Loi hnh chen (hnh hop) c s dung mc
cong suat thap hn 125W
-Cac dang loi khac nhau cua bien ap cong suat .

Nen ta co: P
o
=
cma
b e max
D
A . A . f . B . 0005 . 0
Trong o: P
0
(watt)
B (gauss)
A
b
(cm
2
)
D
cma
(circular/rms ampe)
-A
b
: Tiet dien khung quan day
-A
e
: Tiet dien loi quan day
-D
cma
: Mat o dong

Truyen ong ien 24
2. Bo loc ien:
Cac dang song xoay chieu ngo ra cua UPS la dang
song ch nhat vhay c ieu che theo o rong xung
th luon co thanh phan ieu hoa khong can thiet. V
vay yeu cau can phai co bo loc e triet tieu hoan
toan cac song nay , ong thi song c ban ra phai
co bien o ln nhat.
Bo loc nh hnh ve thch hp vi song ieu hoa bac
thap. Nhanh noi tiep L
1
C
1
va nhanh song song L
2
C
2
co
cong hng vi tan so xoay chieu c ban ra
tan so c ban tong tr mach noi tiep

0 , nhng
tang co gii han tan so cao. Tong tr cua mach
song song bang

tan c ban , giam i tan so cao

2 2 1 1
0
1 1
C L C L

2 1
AC C
A
L
L
2
1

0
n
2
0 1 1
1
1

,
_

n
n
A
U
U
i
Trong o: U
0
la ien ap song c ban
U
i
la ien ap
bac cao th n

Dang Song
ien Ap Ra
Mach l oc c
ban
Acquy cua UPS
Truyen ong ien 25
<V> Bo nguon phu:
- Trong thi ky d phong tng oi
ngan cua Acquy th dung lng co the
dung cua no ch bang mot phan nho
dung lng Acquy tieu chuan. Mot loai Acquy
nao o ch thch hp s dung trong thi
ky xa ien ngan, ch co sau khi xet
en cac nhan to tren th mi co the
chon c Acquy tot nhat. Dung lng cua
Acquy la kha nang tch ien cua Acquy. Thong
thng Acquy sau khi nap ien ay u, khi xa ma
ien ap au en ien ap cuoi xa ien at quy
nh, va c bieu th bang tong lng ien tch
do Acquy xa ra tc la tch cua dong ien xa nhan
vi thi gian xa, n v la A.h.
Dong ien xa ln nhat cua Acquy co the tm
c qua cong thc sau:
I = S.Cos / n.E
Trong o:
S : La cong suat hien tai cua nguon
UPS
n : Hieu suat cua bo chuyen oi
E : La ien ap xa het ien cua Acquy
Cos : He so cong suat phu tai, thng
lay = 0,8
<VI> BO IEU KHIEN:

ien
ap
khien
220V
PHAN T I EU
KHI EN
PHAN
T
LAY
MAU
PHAN
T
CHUA
N
KHUEC
H A I
SAI
BI ET
Truyen ong ien 26
- Phan t lay mau dung e theo doi ien ap
ra va oi no thanh mot mc ien ap bang vi
ien ap chuan khi ien ap ra ung khi co s thay
oi cua ien ap ra lam cho ien ap hoi tiep ln
hn hay nho hn ien ap chuan. Hieu so cua
ien ap chuan va ien ap lay mau dung e
ieu khien on ap lam cho no ap ng thch hp,
lam ien ap ra ung theo yeu cau. Phan t lay
mau c dung trong phan ln on ap dung IC la
cau ch ap R
1
/ R
2.
Vo / V
REF
= 1 + R
1
/ R
2
- ien ap hoi tiep c xac nh bang ty so
ma khong tr tuyet oi, do o s thay oi R
1
va R
2

R2
R1
MA CH I EU
KHI EN
REF
Truyen ong ien 27
sao cho R
1
/ R
2
= hang so, se khong anh hng
en on ap dung IC. Quan tam chnh la bo tr cac
ien tr nay trong IC sao cho anh hng cua
chung en on ap la nho nhat.
* Khuech ai Sai Biet:
- Khuech ai sai biet la e so sanh ien ap
hoi tiep vi ien ap chuan. No cung khuech ai
mc sai biet e lai mach ieu khien e a ien
ap ve mc at trc.
- Neu ta co ien ap chuan on nh va phan
t lay mau chnh xac th khuech ai mc sai biet
la yeu to chnh xac nh hieu xuat cua on ap.
Cac tham so sau ay se anh hng en o chnh
xac cua on ap do nhng bien oi trong nguon
cung cap, tai va cac ieu kien nhiet o ben
ngoai.
ien ap offset (V
IO
)
- Mot khuech ai xem ien ap offset nh la
mot tn hieu sai so se tao ra mot ien ap ra tng
ng.
Ta co : Vo = A
V
.A
I
V
I
= V
REF
V
IO
V
FB
V
FB
= Vo.R
2
/ (R
1
+ R
2
)
Vo = (V
REF
V
IO
) (1 + R
1
/ R
2
)
V
IO
bieu dien s sai so ban au ngo ra cua on
ap dung IC, phng phap n gian nhat e bo
chnh sai so nay la ieu chnh phan t lay mau
ien ap ra R
1
/ R
2
.

Truyen ong ien 28

S thay oi ien ap offset vi nhiet o:
- Ky thuat xet tren bo chnh cho ien ap
offset cua mach khuech ai va cho mot on ap
chnh xac, khong ch mot nhiet o xac nh.
Trong phan ln cac khuech ai, s thay oi ien
ap offset vi nhiet o th ty le vi mc offset ban
au. Viec ieu chnh lai phan t lay mau ien
ap ra khong lam giam ien ap offset ma n
thuan lam trung hoa no mot nhiet o xac
nh. mot nhiet o khac th ien ap offset thay
oi va nh vay xuat hien sai so on ap. Cac IC
on ap n tinh the dung mot ky thuat ma chu
yeu kh offset trong cac mach khuech ai IC. Vi
ien ap offset toi thieu th s troi theo nhiet o
se t co hau qua.
Nhng bien oi cua ien ap nguon:
Cac ty so triet cach chung va ty so triet nguon
cap ien cua mach khuech ai la cac anh
hng chnh en sai so cua on ap. Trong mot
khuech ai ly tng, ien ap ra ch la ham cua
ien ap vao vi sai. Thc te ien ap ra cach chung
cua ngo vao cung anh hng en ien ap ra.
ien ap cach chung la ien ap vao trung bnh so
vi at ao cua mach khuech ai.

R1
R2
+V
FB
+V
REF
A
V
V
I
Vs
Vcc
VEE
Vo
R1
R2
Truyen ong ien 29
Hnh 2.24
Ta co:
at ao = V
CC
+ V
EE
/2
ien ap vao trung bnh V
I(av)

V
I(av)
= [Vs + Vo.R
2
/ (R
1
+ R
2
)]/ 2
V
CC
: ien ap cap ien dng cho khuech ai
V
EE
: ien ap cap ien am cho khuech ai
Vay ien ap cach chung V
CM
la :
V
CM
= [Vs + Vo.R
2
/ (R
1
+ R
2
) (V
CC
+ V
EE
)]
- T bieu thc tren ta co the thay rang
nhng thay oi khong bang nhau cua hai nguon
cap ien se tao ra s thay oi trong ien ap cach
chung.
Ty so triet ien ap cach chung CMRR (Common
Mode Voltage Rejection Ratio) la ty so gia he so
khuech ai ien ap vi sai A
D
va he so khuech ai
ien ap cach chung A
CM
.
CMRR = A
D
/ A
CM
Phan ien ap ra b anh hng bi ien ap vao
cach chung tng ng la:
Vo = V
CM
. A
CM
= A
D
.V
CM
/ CMRR
Vay sai so tng ng them vao la sai so
cach chung = V
CM
/ CMRR
Sai so cach chung bieu dien mot ien ap offset
oi vi mot mach khuech ai. Bo qua ien ap
offset that s (V
IO
), ien ap ra cua khuech ai sai
biet la:
Vo = (V
REF
+ V
CM
/ CMRR) (1 + R
1
/ R
2
)
Phan T ieu Khien :

Truyen ong ien 30
Phan t ieu khien la e bien oi ien ap ra
mc on nh theo mong muon cua mach on ap.
Tuy theo yeu cau thiet ke cua mach on ap ma
thanh phan ieu khien co cau truc khac nhau.
Tuy theo mach ta co cac loai ieu khien sau:
- Mach ieu khien noi tiep
- Mach ieu khien song song
- Mach ieu khien xung
Bat c sai biet nao cua phan t ieu khien
c bo chnh bang hoi iep t phan t lay mau.
Cac phan t ieu khien anh hng trc tiep
en cac tham so cua mach on ap nh cong suat
tieu tan, hieu suat cua mach.
T cac mach ieu khien tren ta co ien ap ngo
ra.
+ Mach noi tiep:
Mach Vo = V
I
Rs I
L
+ song song:
Vo = V
I
R(I
L
+ Is)
+ Mach xung:
Vo = V
I
.t
on
/ t
on
+ t
off
Vo : ien ap ra
V
I
: ien ap vao
I
load
: Dong ien tai
Is : Dong ien qua ieu khien
t
on
: Thi gian xung m
t
off
: Thi gian xung tat
Rs : Tong tr thanh phan ieu khien
CHNG4: CAC S O CHNG4: CAC S O
INVERTER CUA UPS C BAN INVERTER CUA UPS C BAN

Truyen ong ien 31

Truyen ong ien 32
CHNG5: NHAN XET VE CHNG5: NHAN XET VE
NGUON UPS NGUON UPS
Trong nhng thap nien trc do khoa
hoc ky thuat cha phat trien manh th viec
bien oi qua lai gi a dc\ac vaac\dc rat kho
khan va hau nh khong lam c.Vi s phat
trien manh cua ien t noi chung va ien t
cong suat noi rieng cung co the xem lamot
bc ln trong hien ai hoa san suat. UPS
that s chiem c cam tnh cua nhieu nha
au t bi nhng u iem sau:
1 Gia thanh re hn viec lap them may bien
ap d phong
2 Lap at de dang do kch thc tng oi
nho
3 Ton hao thap
4 Van hanh n gian( hau nh t ong)
Tuy nhien no cung co nhng han che
sau:
1 Linh kien ien t de b h hong

Truyen ong ien 33
2 Thi gian l u ien qua nho
3 Dung lung ch ap ng c mot so phu
tai nhat nh
4 Dang song ra co nhieu hai gay anh hng
en mot so thiet b nhay cam
5 tan so cao co the gay nhieu thiet b vo
tuyen
Tuy vay no ngay cang c a chuong
do khuyen iem tren ngay cang c
cai thien do s phat trien vu bao cua
cong nghe va giai phap ky thuat.
CHNG6: V DU MINH HOA CHNG6: V DU MINH HOA
e bai e bai
Mot ong c ien mot chieu kch t oc lap,
s dung ien ap motchieu thong qua bochnh lu
cau 1 pha. Gia s ong c nay truyen ong cho c
cau nang ha ac biet yeu cau phai lien tuc cung
cap ien. ong c co thong so sau ay:
P
m
=4,2kw, U
m
=220V, I
m
=27A, n
m
=1800vong\phut
ong c thc hien nang tai trong vi M
c
=80%M
m
ien ap li cung cap cho ong c la 230V
a\ Tnh toc o nang tai cua ong c
b\ Gia s nguon ien b mat ,va c cap thong qua
1 UPS. Gia s dung lng acquy la 1 00A.h th thi gian

Truyen ong ien 34
lu ien la bao nhieu, biet acquy co ien ap 12V, ien
ap ra co dang sine, bo qua ien cam cua ong c.
d\ Cac acquy mac song song vi nhau , moi bnh co dung
lng la 25A.h. Tnh so lng acquy cua nguon d
phong.
c\ Dung lng cua may bien ap.
d\ Neu s dung bo nguon nay cung cap cho mang
chieu sang d phong th thi gian lu ien la bao
nhieu. Biet mang co 10 en, P
den
=75W
Giai
a\ Tnh toc o nang tai cua ong c :
Hieu suat cua ong c:
7 , 0
27 . 220
10 . 2 , 4
3

dm

ien tr phan ng
( ) 22 , 1
27
220
7 , 0 1
2
1
u
R
Dong ien phan ng ong c khi lam viec moment
phu tai M
c
=80%M
m
I
c
=0,8.27=21,6 (A)
Tnh he so

) .( 355 , 0
575
185 . 083 , 0 220
Wb
n
I R U
C
dm
dm u dm
e

ien ap ra qua bo chnh lu la:
) ( 207
230 . 2 2 2
2
V
U
U

Toc o khi nang tai
) \ ( 1737
104 , 0
22 , 1 . 6 , 21 207
P V n

b\ Gia s nguon ien b mat ,va c cap thong qua

1 UPS 1 pha
Suat ien ong sinh ra trong phan ng ong c:
E=1737.0,104=180 (V)
Bo qua cam khang cua cuon day, xem nh diode cap
nguon cho mot tai R-E noi tiep
Trong moi na chu ky u
d
cat E tai

1
va

2
v vay ta co
phng trnh :

Truyen ong ien 35
1 2
sin 2 U E
553 , 0
220 . 2
180
2
2
1

U
E
Sin
t ay ta suy ra

1
= 33,6
0
=0,586 rad
) .( 968 , 1 586 , 0 . 2 14 , 3 2
1
rad
s
rad
f 314 2
) .( 3 , 6
314
968 , 1
ms
Dong ien hieu dung cua tai la:
) ( 8 , 66
20
3 , 6
22 , 1
180 230 . 2 . 2
2
2
A
T R
E U
I

Thea t so bien ap(bo qua cac ton hao may bien
ap) ta co
2
1
1
2
3
55
12
220
I
I
V
V
W
W
V
r

Vay dong ien vao may bien ap la:
I
1
=66,8.55\3=1,3 KA
Thi gian lu ien la:
t = S\I = 0,1\1,3=0,077 h = 4 phut 36 giay
c\ Dung lng cua may bien ap :
S
MBA
=U
2
I
2
=230.66,8 =14,7 (KVA)
d\ Neu s dung nguon nay cung cap d phong cho
mot mang ien chieu sang th:
Cac bong en phai mac song song vi nhau e am
bao u ien ap tren moi en.
Tong cong suat cua tai la:
P= 10.75=750 W
Dong ien qua tai la:
I
2
= 3 , 3
230
750
(A)
Dong ien cung cap cua accquy:
I=3,3.
12
230
=63,25 (A)
Thi gian lu tr la:
t=
58 , 1
25 , 63
100

(h) = 1gi 34 phut

CHNG 7: ANH GIA CHNG 7: ANH GIA

Truyen ong ien 36
Do kien thc con han hep, nen chung em ch co
the nghien cu trong mach UPS mot pha.
Ve phan anh gia UPS cac mat u va khuyet th
nh a trnh bay phan tren , con ay ch la y
kien ca nhan ve thc te UPS hien nay :
Hien nay nh ta thay cac linh kien ien t a
giam gia thanh ang ke vi chat lng cung co the
s dung c nen bo nguon UPS tr nen pho bien
hn trong ngi tieu dung vi u iem tien ch trong
viec ho tr cac thiet b nh may vi tnh ma gia
thanh cung phu hp hn , gop phan ang ke trong
viec nang cao tuoi tho cua cac thiet b , lu tr kiep
thi cac d lieu quan trong ac biet la trong tnh hnh
khong on nh c lng ien nang cung cap cho 1
so vung , khu vc dan c nc ta .
CHNG 8: MOT SO HNH CHNG 8: MOT SO HNH
ANH MINH HOA THC TE ANH MINH HOA THC TE
VE UPS VE UPS

Truyen ong ien 37