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EX 3

1
Example 3
FloSystem User Course

Complex Inflow Modelling
EX 3
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Complex Inflow
Wellflo Inflow models :
Vertical or Horizontal wells.
Multiple layers or compartments (up to 36) each with
its own water cut and GOR.
Skin effects of damage, perforations, deviation,
partial penetration, gravel packs and fractured wells.
Flow models include normalised pseudo pressure,
accounting for relative permeability effects, as well
as simpler Straight line, Vogel and Fetkovitch
models
EX 3
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Skin Analysis
Load EXAMPL3A.WFL
This models a single high permeability layer where
coning might be a problem, the example looks at the
effect of increasing the perforated interval.
Double Click on the reservoir node.
Note that only one of the five layers is active.
Note layer is 27ft thick.
Select Edit Layer - Skin Analysis - Model.
The Limited Entry Skin is the section we will
examine.
EX 3
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Skin Analysis
Total skin is nearly 4 with only 7ft perforated in
the well.
Select OK until you return to the Icon display.
Select Analysis - Operating Point.
Select Calculate and then Results and Plot to
see the Inflow Outflow Curves including the
curve showing the pressure drop across across
the completion.
Note that the Pressure Drop across the
completion (lower curve displayed) is only
available for single layer IPRs.
EX 3
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Skin Analysis
1
2
3
4
A
B
EX 3
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Skin Analysis
Return to Nodal Analysis and select Sensitivities.
Select Open Interval as Sensitivity 1
Edit using the values 2ft, 5ft , 7ft and 10ft.
Return to Nodal Analysis window and switch on
Sensitivity 1.
Select Calculate and view the Inflow/OutFlow curves
with All Values set on Sensitivity 1.
View the Performance Analysis Plot.
What is the optimum perforated thickness (from the
values given)?
EX 3
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Skin Analysis
Load EXAMPL3B.WFL
This example models a fractured well and the effect
of increasing the fracture half length and the fracture
width.
Look at Reservoir Control - Edit layer - Skin Analysis
- Model.
Note that the other options for skin are not allowed
for a fractured well as the model assumes the inflow
is dominated by the fracture behaviour itself
Note that infinite conductivity and finite conductivity
fractures can be modelled including the conductivity
of the proppant.
EX 3
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Skin Analysis
Return to the Icon display and select Analysis -
Operating Point - Sensitivities...
Select Fracture Half Length as Sensitivity 1
Edit Sensitivity 1 with the values 100ft, 200ft, 300ft, 400ft,
500ft and 600ft
Return to Nodal Analysis.
Switch on Sensitivity 1 and Calculate.
Select Results and Plot.
Examine the Inflow / Outflow and Performance
Analysis plots.
EX 3
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Skin Analysis
Select Fracture Width as Sensitivity 2
Edit Sensitivity 2 with the values 0.1in, 0.12in, 0.14in and
0.15in
Return to Nodal Analysis and switch on both
Sensitivity 2 and Sensitivity 1 and the run Calculate
Examine the Inflow/Outflow plots and the
Performance Analysis plots.
Note the relative effects of the fracture half length
and width.
What is the optimum combination ?
EX 3
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Complex Inflow
Normalised Pseudo Pressure.
Constant mass inflow model correctly accounting
for :-
Variation of fluid properties with pressure
Accurately represents relative permeability behaviour

w
w rw
o
o ro
reff
p
p
g
g rg
w
w rw
o
o ro
reff
K K
C
dp
K
K K
C
) p (

=
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|

+
|
|
.
|

\
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+
|
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.
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\
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=
0
1
EX 3
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Complex Inflow
Normalised Pseudo Pressure
Slight difference in inflow above Pb due to higher fluid
mobility.
Below Pb will accurately honour relative permeability
curves in Corey Coefficients or Tables - allows reservoir
simulator curves to be used directly in well modelling.
Important application in condensate wells where liquid
dropout is modelled and in solution gas drive.
This can be used to accurately model three phase inflow -
this has been calibrated against detailed numerical
compositional simulation and found to agree well.
EX 3
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Complex Inflow
Load EXAMPL3a.WFL
Double click on reservoir and Edit Layer for
the first layer (Broom) on Layer Parameters
Select Rel Perm, Table and review the tabular
entry screen
Cancel, Select Rel Perm again and Parametric
entry - note the m and n values represent
reasonable defaults

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
n
or wi wi w
o
rw rw
m
or wi or w
o
ro ro
S S / S S K K
S S / S S K K
=
=
1
1 1
EX 3
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Complex Inflow
Oil/Water Relative Permeabilities for M=3.5,n=2
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Sw (fraction)
K
r
w

o
r

K
r
o
EX 3
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Complex Inflow
Select OK, Choose IPR..., Normalised Pseudo
Pressure and Plot.
Minimise the graphing window, Select Vogel, Plot
and double click on the graph icon.
Note the difference between the curves above
bubble point as well as below bubble point.
Minimise the graph again, return to the relative
permeability section and change the m and n
parameters for Gas-Oil to 1.
Return to the Choose IPR... screen and select
Normalised Pseudo Pressure and Plot - note the
third curve on the Inflow plot.
EX 3
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Complex Inflow
Multi-layer Modelling
Load EXAMPL3A.WFL - make all layers active
after double-clicking on the reservoir
Select Display Composite IPR to display the
total IPR from all layers (select water cut as
additional curve)
Note the option to plot phase components
(IPR) is only available for single layer systems
(certain sensitivity variables are also
unavailable for multi-layer systems)
Return to Fluid Parameters and change
Tarbert layer water cut to 90%
Display Composite IPR
EX 3
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Conclusion
Wellflos Inflow model allows detailed analysis of
Skin effects in single and multilayer systems
Different completions in different layers and
sophisticated analytical Inflow models allow detailed
representation of multiphase inflow
All of the above can be modelled with ESPs, gas lift
or naturally flowing wells

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