Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
al--`q-ar Q 2013 abo 13 Q Xrjl Q 1188 aSG 30 aIscpG 26o Xsb 16n fIl}G 1935 eflJG 23 Q 1434 tP_o 2
CLT
aldlJalc NIult
]lZheIcl|cuXo
Dcu \rargl[rt \l]rfIuaXr #hrI
jr UlalcuSbuG \ohualcuSbuG IlcuWpG Il
uIrS|u~ Dcu clKrbuS Pse\Su|l. acrNe
cbuG "ecuS _u|jbuG e]ecbuG
hG_rNrSljG \gG "raalWo. XrcrNSu
|l\lelXl Xrcul\lelXl #Wo. Ilr
|lSo aUr|IljPr cG altr \Ir Dcu
clKr ZlcuWalbr acr|l\rSblb hG`eG a\Hhlkr
bu #crduG \Su|aul|uG. <ZchG_alb "
huJuS~o Ilr|lSo aUr|Ilj
Pr efr]r|] XG NrIrufgG Urho
NlPoNl\rcr|blWo cG altr\IrbXr
\uS~o ZlcuWalbr acWaSXo. ]~uX
~ ]lXuP\ "Xrd|o XrcrXuIluIq
SrblelG <SX~ "\vgWeuG \S]Srbuaulbr.
Upqrbrdulbrcu~ \oho hhUo N]rcr
|blWo. UpqrUltlSo erfZsIcWG #efp]r
uo. XG IrS~ 26, 27 elUuIjr clrbr Dcu
\ohoalalWo Upqr|ulbrcu~Xo. $X]cr
du alcu clKr|lbrcu~u cG \Irbrcu
~Xo.D ]lhrseo cq]r] Xr\o A ]l
hrseo cG \IrbXlWo acWIlcWa~lWo
al[pa tr]lo. #hr hGer[l\juS \l]rf
IuaqdG clKr acr|l\rSblIu~ Zuc]ccIy #
erNuIlbrcr|u~ a\ugpXvcirXalb hl
iNcpalWo $erS [l\Iueljr. "Xo Ildjl
br \uS NrIrlcGK bYlY #efpy|u
\c ISNrcr|u~ h|ltrt \l]rfIo X
~blWo.
"[rI Pldr`lcuS~o al\hrIhGL
gG <l|u~ hliNcpG aUr|IljPrd \o
hual|ul A~o ]crfl[r|l h|l _l[p
zclWo. clKr|o cG\I <celZrXvG l
YarIalbuG Ul|uX~blWo. cG BXrdu
alcu clKr|o #efpaur "Xr\o \rZfr
| Ul huXerecG Ihogsr cJ]Su
WG. cG\Iu~ habo clKrbuG ]cuG
A.]r. \tuG _Uoq]uG AdlG Du\l|rblWo
\S]Sray ]ldr|Xo. A~l, \uS aUr
| IljPuIjr UlalcuS "`ler \o
hual|o $m <celZrXvG BSu|recltuo.
cG altr\Irb Ihrduy]S Xj _drbl
Sl|r UlalcuG ao <celZ]ecuG ck]
Su~ hliNcpalWo <lIu~X~ #cl]Weual
blWo $]ly Ilr|lSo aUr|IljPrd
\ohual cGKue~ruXo. cuelUuIjr cl
r #I Dcu \ohualaulIu~XuG hGfb\re
r|o erjrNl]lduG Dcu Ult IrlXual
|blb hliNcpy, NrIrXSrbu~ec
auue D] \ohual|o AXr\ru~ "e
zbul|u~uo.
hGzl\ aUr|IljPuIjr 1961d
l^o]l "\uhcrNu XhrIIjlWo $]l
uG \rderduXo. #to clKr|o Dcu \ohuG gr^our
So \ldu clKr|o Dcu \ohuG A~XlWo IW|o.
clKrIjuS AG $|ldr\rSbr e[rNXl
~uG "trrrd~ ardlWo #clKp cGK `c
WG. #efpauXrt aq~rdl~ualG ecu~ \o
hualc|lo \uS aUr|IljPuIjrd
fuqglcGKG \SrbSu|la~o h|l erNlcr
|u~rSlWo \l]rfIuIy clKrIjuS Pse
\Su|u~Xo. 9364 clKrIj IrSrNrIrr|l
#efpalb hmIcpau \uS aUr|IljPu
Ijr 13,000 rd[rIG clKrIy NrIrXSu~u
o. $p|ue \ohualcr 80 fXal\buG
<Xo]lZr]r|u~ hGzl\alblWo IcjG IW|l
|]Su~Xo. KuelilrauX auG_ec alad,
ISIS~o Ky^rduG bqtl]rduG "acr|brduG #
r|brduadlG \uS \ohual IcuWbualb
u~u. \uS BeuGedrb IbuaXrIjrdl~l
br altrbrcr|blWo \ohual. A~l, $Xo hGzl
\o gr|u~Xo fuqglh~alb a\huIju
S ISu klaalWo. $m klaG \crSl \ohual
|o \uS h|l aJdIjr aN] Xlrde
hcy <l|uIb~Xo ]lXuP\lclKpr
XlXo]cpau BXlcu h|ltrtbuG <celZr
XvalWo. IcuW ISIS~u]lbl _l|rblIuI,
acWG \l]rfIuIjlbr IS~u Ndu~ #Xucld
bjlbrcr|uG. aldlJalc NIult ]lZh
eIclIl "\ueZr|cuXo.
]Tr|lX ]lIu~
]lTy
Ijr "irt IuSuG
_G edl`G Il~o tr
]luIy ]utue~u.
"raXrbuS ZuKa~
Xo #dlcrIblKalWo. "
Xr\u]uta "kclYr
Nr|qlcG _lGKqcrd X
cueuIjr \rtu. ]mcl
\crSu~ fy|o ]cril
cG IlWl \Kch`lGKy
|l~uG habaulbrcu~rd.
A~l, Nr~hvlar Urb
r \S|u~ A.]r.A.
r|o acrt Sr|o
NlZr|u~Xr\lbr IIl
|l "e #efprdt
habG Ir.
_r.Aho. bZpqc]buSbuG
tUoUr hilZclcuSbuG
Ilcpr \S]Sr hvsIcr|l
_r.P.]r. Bt habaSu
u. dlIlbu tr]lr\o
fgG P\clgG Ir]S~
ImgvN
- -bv
- -pdw
Sr-.er.-#-. g-Wl-boU
irbr ]eIPs
erXG XuSrbro XuSNblb
48lG egrdlWo Rl\r
]ly. ]k, $]ly At
DlaIy Zfl}y|]ut
|o \suIblWo. Xdzl
\ \Kcrbr Rl PldrN
]ueg|ld|o. ep
albr]tl 1975 Pq 12
d|o.
Ir abo Ar\o IWl
SI \rbah`lXrcSu]o ^
dG ]utue~u. "~uX~
husGIlSXr I \rbaar
|uG "irt Iqljr
Iy|uaXrc ]cug`lg
br eraffcy XlSu
XuG
eelll[l\pG
\Sr. 1975duG ]eI
|o $X eduerjr \crSr
e~u. Dc ZrehG eel
ll[l\pau epXphXd
|uIy. Dcu \rbah`l Xrc
Su]o ^deuG Ncralbr al
trb IlSXr<ceuG Dc
\ly. "~o $t\rt
bl al_ ^lWrt
bl hilbaulbrcu~rd. t
UrblbuG (auJp$dIolWrIo
al[paG) Sdrerg\uG EbPal\
t f}G #er|u~ Iq
rdSN X' alalbrcu~u.
fhalb "dil_lZo
i|lSXr er[rblWo Rl
\ufrNXo. 1971d ]lXuXr
cSu]r tlbo_tdrbr
\r~u $xrclKlrbuS Xr
cSu]o Prho PKal
i dl hri tl|r. hG
bu hlgpdro ]lr zl
\lYrblbrcu~ clPo \lclb
Wr\blWo $xrclKlr "
erS XldrNXo. 71,499 elr
\Xrc 1,83,309 elo hval
|r|lo $xrc eerPbal
Wo #LlgrNXo. A~l, "
Xr ]XtlX clPo\lclb
[l\ar]Zrdrcr|u~ $
xrcbuS XrcSu]o i
|lSXrbr NlZpG Nu. $
xrclKlr XrcSu]o a
|So IlrbXlbr Prho
hri Ir. "ecuS Xr
cSu]o "iG tl|l a
SrNrd. "Su #to eg
|o XrcSu]r acr|u
~Xr \r~o erd|]Su
uIbuG Nu.
1975d~ ]ld 2013duG
auJpfG Dcu eprbuS N
rIjd, atrNo \rderdu hG
er[l\juS "[rIlc Zuer
\rblKalWo. co "ehc
jrduG [l\arX~ Xp
kalbl ]clkalbl era
f\r\o ]laleuIbuG N
u.
Ncrrt BSuIjr c
J]Su] # Pq ]
rd cla hG`eG A
\uG "ehcaulbrcu~u. Il
SXr <cer\uS~o "[r
IlcGX~
IS]uIrbXo
Ilho "eKWr|l ]l
Srdlbrcu~u. ]lTG ]Tr|l
_r.P.]r.buG XltlIrbr
cu~rd A~ NlZpG XrINuG
\plbbuG.
]W]cu]euG erd|beu
al~uG hGzl\h|ltr
t \rbW]cr[r|ur
]Su~Xdlbrcr|lG.
A
~l, "raXrbuG PlXrsW
\ clsbeual| elal
Aju]G XrcrNtrbuIbuG f
albr XrIcr|uIbuG N
u~ LSIjlWo. $m cu
]l]juG IWlSIr
_r.P.]r. h|l Nu.
_r.P.]r. h|l IWlSI
r "[rIlca]ly
~ "raXrbuS Ntrb ZuK
G ]c~uXuSrbXlWo. J\r
epehlb aJdbualbr _
]o \S~ e "raXr|Y
dlIlbu Prho hlgo
iKoU ]utuIlue~
XlS \lG cqkalbr. dlIl
bu ]cSuo Iu]Su
rb I\rIjuS au\rc
br tUoUr hilZclcu
S (IcuWlIc, P\lZ\, hl
afJc tUoUral) I\rI
juaulbrcu~u. #Zpco t
UoUral _r.P.]r. h|ltr
d aralcualbrcu~u.
h|ltr\ hG_rNrS
ljG $Xo edrb ]r X~
blbr. "Xrdu]cr auJpar
_r.Aho. bZpqc]buS hXp
hX ec NlZpG N]
u. J\r "raXr|l]G _lGKq
crduG gralKbrduG "\[rX
albr \S~ eIrS `qar $S]lSu
dkpG [l\ar
br ejcu~Xo "\ueZr|lal?
a|juS _rhr\ho, acua|ju
S _rhr\ho ! _h Dl
cl aldbr $cu~]l
uG # aldbeualbr _
] _rhr\ho zl]\y a
|juG acua|juG IqSr <l|r
bSuu. Iu]reG auX a
cu~o I\rec. tbre
UlnIv
A. "-fl-I-
_r.]r. \l|l
D.]r.br ]lIWl?
#clKpcGKo \rce[r hmIcpy Xldq|o #hr
Ijr B]Sur|lrcr|blWdl. A~ruG
_r.]r. ]crfl[\lbr Ilbrdlr Ke. #hr
br N~]ly Dcu auXr~]mc\lb A\r|ulb
"\u`eG $erS Iutr|: bl|rSbrdulb "hv
zXIlcWG eIro \lduaWrblSSulWo Rl
#hrbr ArbXo. XXohabG "erS "XplirX
er`lKGala erNrcu~uq. "erSbulbr
cu~ Upqr Ul|crIr clKrIjlcuG $dlXr
\l Rl Ult has]rNo _r.]r. \l|Wa~o ]
tuXuSul|uG atuerfZsIcWjl~uG
XSlX D.]r.br ]lIl \rZfrNu. \qtuIW|r
\o clKrIy Ipq \r|u~ D.]r.brd|o $ec ]t
uerSu~Xo burhiad.
$. clP, Nr]ucG
hdudlboUrt IY
al`qarbr e~ E_l|o #Uo er Dcu PserXG'
(abo3) A~ dJ\r\o "\u_albr ZurclPo
Klerxo ^l|b]r DcuIlcpGIqS ]tbuel #
ir|u~u. ZlZl hi_o ^l|b~trb]Su~
$irt EclPl icr' A~ Ya $p hr
\rabuS \ralWr\lbr "\u`erN _urauuG Xpl
KeuG #hZal|r 2009 fh atlr hr\rablb
EicrlNr ^ltr' A~ hr\rab]r D~uG Xr]l
ZrNrrd. fh atlr hGer[lbI\lb ]cgo alI
kr \rarN $m hr\ra ejc XbXvlSuIqSr
~ ZlZl hli_o ^l|buS clPl icrbu
S \ralWejbrd hi\frbuSbuG ITr\l[vl
\rtbuG IY ]tbu~u.
Iadr\ EhdudlboUo' A~ hr\rabSu|l
cr]rNXuG ]cgo alIkrbuS EicrlNr ^ltr'
X~blbrcr|l\u hl[pX Xr|jbl\lerd.
D.]r.Aho. a\l, Nrq.
c Iu)
\rXr KUoIcrbuS Ildo
_r.P.]r. [larIlSrtbr
\r~o ]lS epXrNdr|u~Xl
Wo IXo. "raXrbuG PlXrs
W\ \beualbr _]o
]lr Bt ]rIu. hZlNlc
ercu erIjuS ]cr
]lr "[pk X~ #cl
]Wer[b\lbr. A~l,
IlSXrbr Xjrbr|]rr
d~ IlcWG ]to zl\
alrbl "iG erhXr
Nu. Dcu Ildle[r IqSr "[pk
]Zerbr XuScl\lbrcu~u \s
|G. "XlS "ehl\INr
ucuuG \g] \rdbrdl
br. KUoIcr|o Isr _r.P.
]r.|o eXlerIjlWo hG`
erNXo. iralNZfrduG
<clJrduG "[rIlcG
\galbr. <Zfo Xrc
Su]r XrcrNSr \cru. ]
l_r ]lr "Srt fl
grNu. \rXr KUoIcrbualbr c
ihp[lcWbrdrbrcu~u
e~o bZpqc] #cl]rNu.
"Xo \rg[r|]Xuard.
\rXr KUoIcr D]au
]ly "raXr falb erg
balbr <br|luecl
_r.P.]r.|o Irbualbrcu~r
d. "iar]luG ]lr|o au
~rd IucrflWo.
1975 ENraNl' A~ B
IeN\G KuPtlrd Il
ho h|ltrt XINo e
rblcu|r. Eh_o Nl i'
A~ \rd]lSo \rXrKUoIcr
buS _r.P.]r.b eS|o iral
N ZfrduG X|o IWlS
IrduG Xr]tbl el
alc cr]rNu. KUoIcrb
"[rIlcrduIbuG "er
S XuScl "\ueZr|uIbuG
N hGL]creltrd \Xl
|y #]crfl[\ \S
rbrcr|u~u.
Dcu altlPr Zflbr|l
"ihlcl D| AXr
cljrIjuS \pq\XIy Nqr
|ll\uG f}aubl\uG
[larIl[rIlcaulIuG. A
~l, \rXr KUoIcr "ecu
S Xdrd|o <bcu~rd.
1975 IlSXrer[rb "e
KWr|uIb~ \rd]lSlWo
Ilho hvsIcrNXo. 2013
duG "e IlSXr \rcskW
juS XplLlXeuG `ergp
ual| "eKWr|u~u.
Ilho ]ruScu~ "ra
XrbuSbuG PlXrclsbr
tbuG erIjrdqS hcr
No _r.P.]r.buG hvbG \lf
rt Iur Xlr. IWlS
IrdbuG auhGzl\jr
dbuG XlerIjr \r~o ]l
Tjuy|lo Xrcu \S
]Sr hvsIcr|l "e Xltl
Iual?
1975 IlSuGe\ "e
hl\rNXo "XrfXprdl
Wo. 2013 $pbr zrXrK
XrIy aN]Sua~o Xplfr
|u~u.
C
"]elZjuS `lcr c
o aral IqSr Iarh`
br \r~o clPreNu. tbr
e ar ]eIual _h
duG \rbaar "fv\rIualtuG.
clG bu.]r.A. h|l Ildl
e[r ]qrbl|l XpG Dcu
egG _l|rbu]llWo
Rr]r|u~ ]uXrb "]elZ
juG XuS~u clPrbuG. cl
Pre|l aral|o a\hu
lbrcu~rd. "]elZr
t epl]r Ieru]lb]l
lWo _hdr\buG "fv\r
Iualtr\buG clPre]r|l
Ilho XltlbXo. ]ut
l| X~blbrcu~u $
Xo. $XlS clG bu.]r.A. a
rh`br \r~o "]elZGaq
dG
]utu]lIre~
Ilho aralcuS AG
aq~lbr. DcuegG aulWo es
c`hrMo "raXr #cl]W
uS~o ]utu]lbXo.
]k, iralNZfr
Ilho XrcrNue~]ly
"erS auJparblIl "
ir\o XShaulbrd. "Xr
\uauo "raXr #cl]W
r ]utu]lb A. clP
buG Zbl\r[r alc\uG Ur.AG.
I. \Xl|jlbrcu~u. IquI
kr arh`blWo `cWhG`
\r\uG "raXr|ual|
IlcWG A~lbrcu~u \c
Ilhrt \plbsI
cWG. A~l, $]ly Il
huIl X~blWo ]rSr|
]rcr|u~Xo.
14 egr\o fgG IWl
SIr e erPblS "
[rIlcr XrcrNuIbtrb "
cskr Uirbrd
Ilho #zl\G #Ll
grt \tuIbr \r
| "ehcalWrXo. $m e
gG $\r \S|l\u #to "hG
_r XrcSu]uIjr ]lr
|o #erfvlhG ]Ic er
PbalWo IWlSIrdXo.
A~l, $]ly Ilho
#zl\o IlWu~Xo #f
blWo. "]elZy|o ]r
~ld "]elZjlWo clG
bu.]r.A. h|ltr\ Xrc|r
e~uIlrcu~Xo. 2Pr hIo
G, Ilaeo KbrGho,
AbhalIr $S]lSo, I
|cr]lSG erd\ A~r\
"raXr #cl]WjuS
Llgbl X~. hr.A.Pr.
alad, hr._r.A. IqSr AXr
clbr XrcrXlS $\r A
l| "raXr IYIjlbrcr
|uG ]utuecrI A~ #f
atNue|l\leu~Xd. t
bre _lUo <ZplKz
aifoIualtrt ^l
NlrblW, 90 dkG
cq] "ir \r~o I
|qdr elu~ ]eIual
_hdrt acuaI erPbo
hrMo hrGKb hr._r.A. ]rSr
IqSrbXo. cl auu hr.
_r.A. "d $]ly. husG
IlSXrbuS $S]SdlS
e d`r|u~Xo. 17 egr\rS
brdlWo tbre Il
hrt IbrdrbXo. $
]ly esuG hr.]r. Plgr|o
XXoIldG tbrebuS "[r
INuaXd \Irbruo. t
breb D~u fusIcr
|l $\r $m h|ltr\o ha
baulIual #el?
hr._r.A.buS e\ hvlXpr
$S]u A~lWo "fv\rIualtr\Xrclb
#cl]WG. `cWLS\l zl]\j
h|l Zucu]blK]Suu~u A~
#cl]W _d]Suu~XlWrXo
hr._r.A. UbttuS \leuG
\srcr|uIblWo. hr._r.
A.|o e\hvlXpG d
`r|Wa~o IrZrehG D
cu "`rauJr "iG "`r
lb]SuIbulbr.
Dlcl "]elZeuG "]elZ
r\rcblb arbbuGIl
]lbruq. $m "]elZ
jdlGIqSr h|ltr\
~ EIlu]lIual' A~
#fbuG
<b~ruo.
h|ltrt Xrlb "
Io XlWu]lbrcr|u~u A
~o hXr|lX e. IWlS
Ird erPbGIlo \s|l
eu~Xd # IlaLG.
]eIual _hdrt Zu
cG clPp clsb|l|o
]lTalIXlWo. IuSuG_euG
_rhr\huG clsbeuG AdlG
IqSr|d~ #cl]Wjl
Wo "i]r Nucuy\r
e~Xo. IuSuG_hiG e
XuX~. ]k, IuSuG_G X\r
|uNuuG _rhr\ho hllPpal
_lUr $dIor| a
tlIl aifoIual 10 IlSr
cq] ell\G Nu. 90 dkG
cq] "Uvlho \IuIbuG
NXo Rr]r|u~XuX~.
IlSu|u~ ]Wrt A
$cr hlZr|la~o aifo
Iual IW|uIqr|lWuG. t
brebr \S|u~ "raXr
Ijrd|lWo $m hG`eG erc
Nqu~Xo.
tbre `cWalWr,
aaXl _l\Pr arblbXu
Xlrlo Xdbrdl "e
zbrdlWo.
2012 h]G_tr Waq
Ilho bu.]r.A. er
]ly XlXoIld|o t
bre eIu]o, KXlKX ar
hr.]r. Plgr|o "[rINuaX
dblbr \Ir. Dcualh|ld
a Plgr "erSbulbuq.
"Su arh`l ]u\hGLS
\brdlWo [l\ar aal
ihrrt rb] ]
eIual _hdr\o tbr
hr._r.A.buS e\
hvlXpr $S]u A~l
Wo "fv\rIualtr\Xrclb #
cl]WG. `cWLS\l zl]
\j h|l Zucu]blK
]Suu~u A~ #cl]W
_d]Suu~XlWrXo.
I|cr]lSG erd\ hG_
rN hr._r.A. "\vgW
rt zrXrerec tr]lo
XrcurNu A~lWo hr._r.
A. Ubt crXo hri
IlSXraulI \Irb hXp
elMoaqdG. I|cr]lSy
\IrbXo [l\ar aal
i hrMo I|cr eIu]rt
NuaXdIqSr eirNrcu~ hab
lWo. $XuIlcWG "fv\r
Iualtrt Xrcu [l\a
rb ckr|u~Xr\u \S]
Srblbr eplJpl\r|]Su~u.
$erS
"fv\rIualtr
\|ly Xrbl|]Su~Xo
[l\arb~. [l
\ar|Xrc _r.P.]r. #
aWG XuSr|ru. C