!#"%$'&)(*,+,-/.,+10
2436587
;9 :<>=@?BADCFEBGIH6JK=
LM:/NGPOFCQASRITSUBJK=WVB=;X%Y[ZQVBASZ\T'Y]AS=8ZQV[ZQ?^T_Z\TSRI`
ab:,cdC^VBY]GP=@VB=;X%Y[ZQVBASZ\T'Y]AS=;GPCfegZQGI=ihkjl:mh@9on
p :,cdC^VBY]GP=@VB=;X%Y[ZQVBASZ\T'Y]AS=;GPCfegZQGI=@qir p r@stLo: p%u
nM:,cdC^VBY]GP=@VB=;X%Y[ZQVBASZ\T'Y]AS=;GPCfegZQGI=vstwx:_9on u VB=zy8ZQY]{S{|:~}@ASCFBADC^V
8 3k
G{6ZQOFRT;VB=e6ZQGPeYBGP=A@
GRI%TS6OFASZQGP=VB=KRI=6JZQBV)YBB=v`CFBeTSRPCF e6CQ%TSRP%YB=
{SY]AbYBRPT'=AD\ZQGIGP=CQY]F=ADT =TMECFADB PBF'\,RP={SBAMCQ{DYB?B?CF{S=X%YB=GtRPTS6OFASZQGP=KVB= {DYBA
P'\=^RP{|T'=\,<>CFAD{SX%YB= 1={DT?[ZQ{kECQASB=Q=6{|TZQ?B?=6GP=;RPT'OFA'ZQGI=@VB=8RI=6JZQBRPJK?BADCF?BAS=WCFY
OFB6ASZQGPRI{S6=\Be6CQ%Q=6ADOF=6T'=zGPCFAD{SX%YB=;e6=TSTS=8RIT'6OQA'ZQGI=@=^RP{|T'=Q
W>f^\
T'6OQA'ZQGI=8V]=zkRP=JZ\BOF6]6A'Z\GPRP{D6=@eCFF=6ADOF=6TS=Q

v P WF  I B z
AS=?BAS{S=%TS=GPZM?[ZQADTSRP=@U[Z\e_UfY]AS6=8e6R!:~VB={S{DCFYB{6
9

ln(x)

T'6OQA'ZQGI=8V]=zkRP=JZ\BCFASV]RP[ZQRIAS=\
M P WF I I |8o

ln(x)

T'6OQA'ZQGI=8V]=zkRP=JZ\BOF6]6A'Z\GPRP{D6=@VBRF=ASOF=%TS=Q

M F  B ;

1/x

OFB6ASZQGCFB=veCFB[Z\IT@?[ZQ{@V]=K?]ASRPJKRITSRIQ=VB=bGPZ`CFBeTSRPCF eCFJJK=MV[Z\B{;GP=6{W=^=6JK?BGP={
?BAD6e6VB=6TS{=TCFB=W?=Y]TVBCF]eiegZQGIe6YBGI=6A/=]ZQeT'=6JK=6TkGPZz\ZQGP=YBA,VB=W s=^=6JK?BGI=M \% u
ZbVBCQBe;AS=6eCFYBAD{ZvVB={k`CQASJMYBGI=6{V)ZQ?B?]ASCg^RPJZ\T'RICFVBYT~f?=v

V[ZQ]{@GP=6{DX%YB=6GIGP=6{WGP=6{ {SCFT;GI=6{i?CFRPTS{iCFYB;YBVB{KsZQ?B?[ZQA|T'=B[ZQT8'_ u =T;GI=6{@ GP=6{@?CFRIVB{6

=TS=6GIGP=6{v`CFADJMYBGP={V1ZQ?]?BASCg^RPJZ\T'RICF{SCFTVBRT'={CFY]Q=6A|T'=6{{SRWGI=6{?CFRIT'{ZQ?B?[ZQA|T'RI=6BB=TT'CFY]{
GtRPT'=AD\ZQGPGI=MCFY]Q=6A|TzP[_l/se6=KX%YBRe6CFfRP=%TMdGZ\?B?BASCg^RPJZ\TSRPCFV1YB]=RI%TS6OFASZQGP=bV]=kRP=JZQ]
OFB6ASZQGPRI{S6=ke6ZQYB{D=/V]=GZ,BCQ8V][BRT'RICF@VB= {SY]AF=%TSYB=6GIGP=J=%TGY]@VB=6{ECFASVB{>V]=GtRPT'=AD\ZQGPGI= u
=6GIGP={{SCFTVBRITS=6{`=6ADJ=6{kV[ZQ]{GI=@egZQ{keCFT'A'Z\RPAS=\
3 ;

 5 5  5 5 5 
 Y[ZQ VBZQASBZ\T'{Y]GIAS==k<>egZQC^{e6ZQVBGP=i={ stc Z\GP OFCF< ADu RITS?UB=6JASJK={=TDVBT_=ZQX%TY[V1Z\VBZQA'?]Z\?BTSASYBCfASe_= UB=6ZQAVBGIZQC^?]e6T_ZQZlGPT'=RIJ`{=CFTGtZ RPTSE6=6OF{DASCFZQRPGP=/VBV)= YB {SYBc ACfY]VBKYBGP{D=CFYBVB{#= :
RPTS=6AD\ZQGIGP=v 
>VB='_=TVBCFB[Z\%TYBB=8=6{|T'RIJZ\TSRPCFV]=8G=ASAD=6YBA`ZQRT'=QrW=6{|TiZQRIB{SR>X%YB=\?CFY]A
GtRPTS=6AD\ZQGIGP=M /
Be=8JKCfVBYBGP=WVBCFBB=A'Z
   BF Z\?B?BASCg^RPJZ\TSRPCFMV]=GRI%TS6OFASZQGP=,{SYBA


=6{|T'RIJZ\TSRPCFVB=;Gt=6ASAD=6YBA`Z\RIT'=\











ZgF=ebEBRP={SBAWGtRPBOZQGPRT'@{DYBRI\ZQT'=XfY1CFZVB=MECFBB={iA'ZQRI{SCF]{WVB=MeCFB{DRPVBAS=6AWe6CFJKJ=;fA'ZQRI=GPZ
?BGIYB?[ZQA|TkVB=6{kegZ\{8




      B      

hCFY]Te6=e6R>{S=A'Zv{DfJMECFGPRI{S@?[Z\AGtZ 1=eT'Z\T'RICF         ! #" %$ & /'

a

N G Z\RPVB=;VB=Mc  < CQe_UB=6ADe_UB=bVBCF]eYBB=ZQ?B?BADCg]RIJZlT'RPCQ  VB=M BF T'=6GIGP=;X%YB=Q1{SR 

=6{|TYBB=;=6{|T'RPJZ\TSRPCFVB=;G=ASAS=YBA)(  ( [CFdZQRT;
(  (   +*
ZgF=e * QZ\GP=6Y]AVBCFBB=Zb?BADRPCFADR1AD=6?BAD6{S=T_ZQTiGPZM?BASe6RI{SRPCQdV]=6JZQBVB=Q

,.-0/ 1+24365!798;:=<>8@?BADCE2GFHJIBF@KB?L798M<ONQPR2
ZQ?B?BGIRPX%YB=c  <GtRPT'=AD\ZQGIGP=d'_TSfR     U* CFZQASA0VT'==TCFAS=T'CFY]ASB=e6CFJKJ=
AS{SYBGT_Z\TS{      =T      WfS RPBCF CF {DYBEV]RIfRP{D=GtRPT'=AD\ZQGIGP= '_W=6 V]=6Y^ VB=6JKR:
RPTS=6AD\ZQGIGP={)=Te_U[ZQeYBV]=/e=6{VB=JR!:~RPTS=6AD\ZQGIGP={1=6{|TYX=6FCxQZX,c  < {SR   \[@]_^  [@]_^  
* \CQ8AD=TSCFYBAS]=GI=6{AS{SYBGT_Z\TS{  =T   [@]_ ^  [;]` ^  a^S RP]CF;CFzV]RIfRP{D=/=zV]=6Y^8GI={S CFYB{#:~RI%TS=6 A|QZ\GPGP=
e6CQASAS={S?CFBV[Z\%TbGPZ?BGPY]{OFA'Z\BVB=@=6{|T'RIJZ\TSRPCFGPCfegZQGI=WV)=6ADAS=YBA=TkCFdZQ?]?BASCfe_UB=@GtRPTS6OFASZQGP={SYBAe=
{SCQYB{|:mRPT'=AD\ZQGPGI=@?[ZQAGZb{SCQJJK=;VB=6{WZQ?B?BADCx^RIJZ\TSRPCF]{{SYBAGP={VB=Y^ {SCFY]{|:~RIT'=6A|\ZQGPGI=6{VB=zGPCFBOQYB=6YBA
JKCFRITSRPW=T'e\I
NGtT_Z\?=OFB6ASZQGP=kVB=kGZQGIOFCFADRIT'U]J=\\GRI%TS=6A|QZ\GPGP=RPBRT'RPZQG)[_'Z8T'kAS=J?]GZQe?[ZQAYBK=6B{D=6Jb:
EBGI=iVB=;{SCFY]{|:~RIT'=6A|\ZQGPGI=6{,eCFT'RIOFYB{VB=@VBbR 1AS=%TS=6{T_Z\RPGPGI=6{/VBCFTkGZMAD6YB]RPCF={DT[_'c S^R)GPZM{SCFJKJ=
VB={={DT'RIJZlT'RPCQB{V)=6ASAD=6YBAD{GIC^e6ZQGP={=6{|TW{DYB?ASRI=6YBAD= * [GP=;{SCQYB{|:mRPT'=AD\ZQGPGI=;ZgZQTGZb?BGPY]{OQA'ZQBV]=
=6{|T'RIJZ\TSRPCF8=6{|Te6CFY]?=bVB=6Yfb=TSeQIB S^R^=6GIGP=,={DTRI]`6ADRP=YBAS=CFYb6OZ\GP= * GZ\GPOFCFADRITSUBJ={Z\ASdA VT'==T
CFAD=TSCFYBAS]=i?CQYBA  GZ8{SCFJKJ=VB={XfYBZQVBA'ZlT'YBAD=6{GIC^e6ZQGP={=T?CFYBA  GZ8{SCFJKJ=VB=6{,=6{DTSRPJZ\T'RICFB{
V)=6ADAS=6Y]AGIC^e6ZQGP={6

eJfgih_j>g_kml!npo@qbjBJrslsh`kmg_t u
GP={=6{|T'RPJZ\TSRPCFB{,V)=ASAD=6YBA?CQYBAGP={RPT'=AD\ZQGPGI=6{eCFBe=6AS]6{WT_ZQTBCQTS6={ wv =TGP={X%Y[ZQVBASZ\T'YBAD=6{
v
1

re

E1

E2

tape

a+b
2

E3
2

me

E4
E3 < E4

ba
a+
4

E5
me

tape
a

E1 < E2

a+b
2

E1

<

E4

E6

tape
a

a+ 3(ba)
8

<>=6{{SCFYB{#:~RI%TS=6A|QZ\GPGP={AS=T'=6%YB{W{SCFTAS=6?]AS6{D=6T'{@=6dT'A'Z\RITOFA'Z\{=TiZ\Y T'=ASJK=zV]=zGPZxy T_Z\?=8GP={

=6ADAS=YBAS{GPCfegZQGI=6{{DCFTkT'=6GIGP={XfY]=K  {z =| {} ~*

 CQYBAze_UBZQe6YBVB=6{zRPT'=AD\ZQGPGI=6{@AD=T'=%YB{CFZQ{S{DC^eRP=v YB RPBVBRIe6=vVB=KA'ZKB=J=T ZQRIB{SRRIG=6{DTzVB=d9

?CFYBAGtRPTS=6AD\ZQGIGP=WZQ{S{DC^eRP8  s{SZKGICFBOFYB=YBA=6{|T u [VB=zLM?CFYBAGtRPTS=6AD\ZQGIGP=WZQ{S{DC^eRP8 =z
sVB=;GPCQBOFYB=YBA  u =TVB=8ab ?CQYBA =| =T {}
X%Y[ZQGVBZ\AS?BZ\T'?BY]ASASCg=6^{RPJGPCfZ\egTSZ\RPCFGP=6{,VBVB=8CFBB]=66{D=6TW{VB?[CFZQBA]c6= ?B<ZQAk?GCFZbY]`ACFASGP=6JM{kY]{DGPCF=bYB{|:mRPT' =AD\ ZQGIGP=6{,AS=z TS=6 %YB{| } {SCFJKJ=;VB={

,.-M, ~AEIBF@.3O2W3Z<6795s<OE7942WCE2FHmIcF@KB?L798M<ONQPR2
 {D=bVBCFB]=bYB=6T'RI=6A
X%YBR\ZAD=6?BAD6{S=T'=6A8GtRP]VBRPe=zVB=bASZKB=6 JK=6 T;JZl^RPJZQGWGI=M?BGPY]{
?=T'RTRI%TS=6A|QZ\GPGP= ?CQ{S{SRIEBGP=GtRP{D{SYB=V]=GtZQGPOFCQASRITSUBJK=d{D=6ASZ V]=T_ZQRIGPGI=  NWRIB{SRGP=]CFJMEBAD=
JZl^RPJZQGF VB={DCFYB{#:~RPTS=6AD\ZQGIGP={AD=TS=6%YB{B=?CFY]ASA'Z=^e6VB=6Ac <>=6{\ZQADRZQEB GI=6{Y]TSRPGPRI{S=6{ 
=T  {DCFTV]=6{vT_ZQEBGI=gZQYfEBRPeCFGPCF]B=6{b=TYB]RPe6CQGPCFB]=dV]=dT'ZQRPGIGP= VBZQB{KGP=6{DX%YB=6GI{CF \Z
A'Z\BOF=6AMTSCFY]TS=6{vGP={bXfYBZQVBA'ZlT'YBAD=6{v6GI6JK=6T_ZQRIAS={s?CFYBA)  u =TbT'CQY]T'={KGI=6{b={DT'RIJZlT'RPCQB{V)=6ADAS=YBA
6GI6JK=6T_Z\RPAS={kZgF=6e8GP={RPBV]RPe6={kVB=;A'ZK B=J=%TVB={kRPT'=AD\ZQGPGI=6{eCFASAD=6{D?CF]V[ZQT'{s?CFYBA.  u
hCFYB{iGI=6{i{DCFYB{|:mRPT'=AD\ZQGIGP=6{VB=bASZK B=6JK=6T J   {S=6ADCFT;AS=?AS6{@{SZQB{@Z\JMEBRPOQY>t TSz?[Z\A
GP=YBAECFASB=;RI]`6ADRP=6Y]AS=M
i  J ii)

>< =6{d=6{|T'RPJZ\TSRPCFB{V1=ASAS=YBAZ\RPB{DR@XfY]=GP={XfYBZQVBA'ZlT'YBAD=6{GPJ=%T'ZQRPAD=6{e6CQASAS={S?CFBV[Z\%TS=6{ {S=6ADCFT

A'Z\BOF6={KGPZMGPRPOQB=iV)RPBV]RPe6=
ii)
r,U[ZQX%YB=; `CFRI{XfY1YB]=;\ZQGI=6YBAV]=  {S=A'Zb`CFYBADBRP=i= ym e6CFGICFBB=Ks?[ZQA=^=J?BGI=
 m ! x u CFJK=TDT'ASRP=6Z=6= %TS =6y BV] Ye6CFT'GICFCFY]B{BGP=z=6{GtRPT'BZQVBEBRI GPe6=6=;ZQY^VB=M ASZ KB=T{=6JK =6TW{DCFVBYT{SRPCQBYBRT'{|R:mZ\RPGPRPT'{D=6AD{\ZQGP]GI=
 m
 

W>fujZO x uofZlf4g_kmlnof>j[6fhlofgij96j9f 
sM9

s;L

s@qQ@a

 | o g
 | o
 | o L

 x L  o a

 x z o a
 x 9  x 9  o 9

a+

ba N1
(2 )
8

a+

a+

ba (3 2N3 )
8

!!

ba N2
(2 )
8

!!

CFB]6=6{ [xs
BRT'RZ\GPRP{SZ\T'RICF f  =T{*  RPBRT'RZ\GPRP{D6{  ^ASZQR   Q " %$ _[_ 
S  ~* `NWZQYf< ES
S q q
 J0 o 9  m0 o@ " %$ _] _^ m o0

  | x   o  | & 
|o x

 qS
W
hNiqh  s  =T=  u N
S =e_s UB=6AD e_UB* =u VBNW= < ETS=6S G>X%YB= 6 ii) w
 J g  JJZl o'  4  m x'
   J o

 J d  m 6 x " $ _1 m o _) J  i
   J o  J
 d  6 m $ _1 _)  i
J m x6 " 6 m o J

   J o  J
S q q `ZQYf m
 qS
 q4h@ 
S6e6 ADRPs AD=K=X ?BASu Nie6RP< {DRP CFBS CQ ZlTST'=RPT'= ZQYBOFJK=6TS=6A{ ?CQYBAZQJGPRICFAS=A,GZM?]AS6eRP{DRPCFX
S6e6 ADq RPAD =Kq =X?BASe6RP{DRPCFdZ\TDT'=RPT'=X =X?BGIYB{OFA'Z\BV ASZKB=6JK=6TbGtRP{D{SYB=@VBYdegZ\GPe6Y]G;X
 qS
k6{SY]GIT_ZlT'{   sZ\?B?BASCg^RPJZ\TSRPCFV]=  BF =T  sJZiD CFA'Z\TSRPCFVB=;Gt=6ASAD=6YBA u ZgF=6e8 
X?BGIYB{OFASZQBVdA'ZKB=J=%TbGtRP{D{SYB=@V]Y e6ZQGPeYBG;Xo

,.- 7>?cKL7>IPPR243PRI<OF@IL

e_U]CFRP{DRP{S{SZQTbGP=c CfVBYBGP=VB=  Y[ZQVBASZ\T'Y]AS=<>CfegZQGI=hkjl:mh@9onVB6eASRTMV[ZQ]{bGZ?[Z\ADT'RI=s{DCF

6eASRT'YBAD=JZlT'GZ\E=6{|TbV[ZQ]{bGP=Be_UBRP=A )g`>g6I u CQCFE]TSRP=6TbGZ\GPOFCFADRITSUBJ=bV]=X%Y[ZQVBASZ\T'YBAD=
ZQV[Z\?]T_Z\TSRI`T_jo:mTg9xnVBCFTGt6e6ADRITSYBAS=@JZ\T'GPZQE{D=8TSASCFY]Q=;V[ZQB{kGP=iBe_UBRP=A j9fjOg`>g64
TZxQ=6eGP=JKC^VBY]GP=VB=/X%Y[ZQVBASZ\T'YBAD=GPCfegZQGI= )J n >) VBe6ASRT=6 lCF8CFE]T'RI=6TGtZQGPOQCFASRT'UBJK=
VB=;X%Y[ZQVBASZ\T'Y]AS=8ZQV[ZQ?^T_Z\TSRI`/ jfjn >
e_UBCFRI{SRI{S{'Z\%TGP=c C^V]YBGP=KVB=  Y[ZQV]A'Z\TSYBAS=<>C^e6ZQGP=stwo:'9on u VB=y;ZQYB{D{|:~};ADCFBADC^VVB=GPZ ?[ZQA|T'RI=
sBe_UBRP=AzJZ\T'GPZQE )m rOL64 u CQCFE^T'RP=TzGZ\GPOFCFADRITSUBJ=zVB=KXfYBZQVBA'ZlT'YBAD=ZQVBZQ?]T_ZlT'RI`Wswo:_9on u VB=
y;ZQYB{S{#:#}@ASCQBASCfV {DCF e6ADRIT'Y]AS=@JZ\T'GPZQE{S=@T'ADCFY]Q=zV[Z\B{kGP=i[e_UBRI=6A jfj9rOL6
r,U[ZQeYBMVB=e6={?BADCFOFA'Z\JJK=6{>JZ\T'GPZQE jfj>g`>g6 jfjn =T j9fj>r4OL6 =6{|T
YBB=`CFBeT'RPCQJZ\T'GPZQEZxQ=6eiGI=6{ZQASOQYBJ=T'{/{SYBRQZ\%TS{,VBCQ%T,GP=BCFJME]AS==TGCQASVBAD={DCFT8AS=6{D?=eTS=6A

` xs d

m
?[ZQ`{ e=6 GP Y] R[ V)KY]\BZQ=AS`RPZQCQEBBGPe=TSRPCFe_U[vZ\{DPT'BZQ=BV[RPBZ\V]ASRPVKX%Y[VBZQ=JTMZ\GI=TSGZQBEdCFJ se6CFVBJK=JGZd=k`CF Be?TSRPCFCFYBAGZiRI`CFT'B6OQeT'ASRI=6CFAv =Sf^R,?e6CQ=B=6]CFT'JRI=6GIGP)= u=6{|RPT G
w

`ZQYBV]A'Zie6AD6=AYBb[e_UBRI=6AJZ\T'GPZQE nlodI V][BRI{S{SZQTGZ`CF]eT'RICF)` Fe=X%YBRB?=6ASJK=TDT'ASZ

V)\ZQGIYB=6wA ` ?CFYBAkYB]=;\ZQGI=6YBAX%YB=GPeCFBX%YB= VB=;GtRPTS=6AD\ZQGIGP=V)RPT'OFA'Z\TSRPCF1
ECFASB=;RI]`6ADRP=6Y]AS=@VB=;GtRPTS=6AD\ZQGIGP=V)RIT'6OQA'Z\TSRPCF)
ECQASB=@{DYB?ASRI=6YBAD=zVB=;GRI%TS=6A|QZ\GPGP=V)RPT'OFA'ZlT'RPCQ)

/ASZ KB=6JK=6TJZl^RPJZQG1Z\Y]T'CFADRP{DQ
d
?BAD6eRP{SRICFVB=6JZQBV]6=;?CQYBAkGP=6{e6ZQGPeYBGP{

., -  63 3OIB8@3C243:7>?cKL7>IPPR243
 
 !#"$%& 2<' #(*),+#).-0/1+2
\J en!g 6rsh_j[flsh`oknjkmhlf
str,U[Z\e6YB VB=6{T'ADCFRP{?]ASCFOFASZQJKJ={?=Y]T=V TSAS=;Y]T'RIGPRI{S u
CFBeT'RICF=^?CFB=6TSRP=6GIGP=bv = BF = #o 43 5 5]5 5 687 6.ii
  ;:=<;> 5 > 6 F 85
9
?]AS6eRP{DRPCFdZ\TDT'=6RIT'=
?3 x 7,6,687
 A7^ 47 53 5]@5] 7
5 5
  ;:=<C B, B. Dw F ,5
9
?]AS6eRP{DRPCFdZ\TDT'=6RIT'=
x ?3 3 7Z
 ] ;568EF5] @5 5 7 Q

  ;:=<;F%3,G 6 ^ E
9
?]AS6eRP{DRPCFdZ\TDT'=6RIT'=
?3  6H7
 x 5Q 5]@5 5
5
  ;:=<;F%3,G 6 ^ 7
9
?]AS6eRP{DRPCFdZ\TDT'=6RIT'=
5 ?3  6H7
 A7^ 47 5 5]@ 5 5
5
CFBeT'RICFJI v I WF  x 2K x 4E8E,E,E,E,E8E{ii
  ;:=<;> 5 > 6 @:HLM> B E
9
?]AS6eRP{DRPCFdZ\TDT'=6RIT'=

j

 A7^44E87 E,E,6QE, E,E i3 7

5

  ;:=<C B, B. Dw F E
9
?]AS6eRP{DRPCFdZ\TDT'=6RIT'=
4E8E,E,E,E,E,6,6; E x,Ex
 N3f ;E 3

  ;:=<;F%3,G 6 @:HLM> ^
9
?]AS6eRP{DRPCFBCF Z\TDT'=6RIT'=
4E8E,E,E,E,E8E,E,E,E;3x
 x^ x 6xF , 5
Q
CFBeT'RICFVB=6A|` I O % v I O % F 5 ,3  387Z87;7;3 5 E ii
s\ZQGI=6YBAVBCFBB= V[ZQB{X %YBJK=6ADRPegZ\GJK=T'U]C^VB{Z\BV {SCQ`TQP,ZQAS=X ?)I9xn p ?[ZQA @}@NSRNiq 8S
c < 8SqNS%R8  AS=6TSRPe6=TRZQGPG9@UFj,U u
  ;:=<;> 5 > 6 @L f E
9
?]AS6eRP{DRPCFBCF Z\TDT'=6RIT'=
, 3 387Z E8E
 ]?53;3Q 5 ]
i
  ;:=<C B, B. Dw @L ^ E
9
?]AS6eRP{DRPCFdZ\TDT'=6RIT'=
, 3 387Z8 7, 7;3 E
 A7^457;6 6Q 3

  ;:=<;F%3,G 6 @L ^ 7
9
?]AS6eRP{DRPCFdZ\TDT'=6RIT'=
N 6 , 3 387Z8 7, 7;3 x
 A7^457x,6Q

\ en!g6rsh_[j frs6n6h_[j Jk % ^ln! h_r 6n!gg ^
s fS =6YBG%GP=?BADCFOFASZQJJK=ZQX%Y[Z\O%wHV9on^J oeCFB{DTSRITSYB,k?[ZQA|T'RIA>VB=`CFASJMY]GP=6{CFY^F=6A|T'={6F?=6Y]TV T'AS=/Y]TSRPGPRI{S u
CFBeT'RICFGPCFOFZQASRT'UBJK=v P B I  z
  ;:=<;F%3,G 6 4 W M F ^ 6
9
?]AS6eRP{DRPCFBCF Z\TDT'=6RIT'=
U

X 7,7,787,7,7;6 E;3;7;387
 7 6Q 5 6
5
  ;:=<;F%3,G 6 4 W M F E] i
?]AS6eRP{DRPCFBCF Z\TDT'=6RIT'=
E X7,7,787,7,7,7;3` 3 6,6
 ?6,38387F 3 5

  ;:=<;F%3,G 6 4 W M F ^ i
?]AS6eRP{DRPCFBCF Z\TDT'=6RIT'=
G  X7,7,787,7,7,7,787;687,ExZ
 x^
,5

CFBeT'RICF #D x _ I b I  I
  ;:=<;F%3,G 6 #D x ^
9
?]AS6eRP{DRPCFBCF Z\TDT'=6RIT'=
4 787,7Z E,3 x,3
 xZ857 5
i
  ; :=<; F%3,G 6 #D x E]
9
?]AS6eRP{DRPCFBCF Z\TDT'=6RIT'=
E 4787,7 68E 3 7Z,6
 857 5
]
  ; :=<; F%3,G 6 #D x
9
?]AS6eRP{DRPCFBCF Z\TDT'=6RIT'=
G 4 787,7,7;6,6x,7Z 383x
 E
^
  ; :=<; F%3,G 6 #D x
9
?]AS6eRP{DRPCFBCF Z\TDT'=6RIT'=
G 4 787,7,7,E 6,3,6 E
 7;6857;3 ,5

  ; :=<; F%3,G 6 #D x ^
9
?]AS6eRP{DRPCFBCF Z\TDT'=6RIT'=
G 
9i

[ ^
6

i
i
i
i

 4 787,7,7;6,3,3 3HE,E,7,6 E ,585 E;6


,.-ZY [ ?cP :QF@PR24A<

G>e6CF]{SRP{|T'=;=6dGtZQ[Z\GIf{S=@{|T'ASY]eT'Y]AS6=8VB=;GZbAD=6e_UB=ASe_UB=zVB= [ =T \>T'=GP{kX%YB=v
[ # ^ ]C_ J ~ ii ` _m \>
ZgF =e =6T'RI=6Ak[Z\TSYBAS=G>{SYB?6ADRP=YBAkCFY OZQG9F _ T'ZQTY] T_Z\EBGP=6ZQYYBBRPV]RPJK=6B{DRPCFB]=6G1V]=8T'ZQRPGIGP=

CF]B6={ ,_ s
BRITSRZQGIRP{'ZlT'RPCQ 
\ >c

 Sa _|o
e6ZQGPeYBGP{ 
hNiqh  m  o N
b . cTc
oda.

_
m

S b  cTc \ Ni>L< E S
a q S _ J x 
q h@ 

k6{DYBGIT'Z\T'{  [ [ \ > a
r`?BASCQOFA'ZQJKJK=iJZlT'GZ\E ^6jk j]L X%Y)CQ Y]TSRPGIRP{S=We6CFJKJ=W{SYBRTz
"gfh_i_ '  1M =x j _ &
"gfh _i _ B]\\ZQZQGIGP=6=YBYBAAV]J=8ZlG^RPRIJBVBZQRIGPe6==iVBVB=6Yd{kJe6CQZlJ^?RPJMCF{'YBZ\J%TSVB=6{k={VBe= CF_ JK? CF{SZQT'={V]= _
M Mx
k_ B& \ZQ GP=YBAJZl^RPJZQGP=VB=6{e6CQJ?CF{'Z\%TS=6{kVB= m l

_
e
9

K  3 
 5 5  
G>{6ZQOFRTkVBCFBe;VB=;egZ\GPe6Y]GP=6A
$    
o

3 qp 5;3


rtsvu
r Sw

 BF y x
9F9

YBB=KZQ?]?BASCg^RPJZ\T'RICFV]=bGtRPT'OFA'ZQGI=VB= `CFBeTSRPCFeCFT'RIfY]=K=T;ECQASB=Q>{SY]A8GRIT'=6A|\ZQGPGI=zECFAS]
'
>ZQRIB{SR1XfY]= %$     YBB=;={DT'RIJZlT'RPCQVB=;Gt=6ASAD=6YBA`Z\RIT'=\

{-0/

3Z<>8 PRI<O8@?cA C)Hm27>7>24E7CIBA3F@I PR<ON?wCE2C243<679IL:{z#|243

{SY]EVBRfRP{S=8GtRPTS=6AD\ZQGIGP=M/ '>
=6 {SCQYB{|:mRPT'=AD\ZQGPGI=6{k6OFZQY^dVB=8GPCF]OFYB=6Y]AS}
 ~
GP={ d ?CQRPT'{zVB=e=TSTS={SY]EVBRfRP{SRICF{DCFTMBC\T'6{ v  }) ii)'SfYBAMe_U[ZQeYB
VB={.{SCQYB{|:mRPT'=AD\ZQGPGI=6{i v v t ii) ' fCFZQ?B?BADC^e_U]=iGtRPT'OFA'Z\GP=kVB= ?BZQAGtZQRIAS=VBY
T'ASZQ?H\6=;VB=;U[Z\Y]T'=YBAv} =TVB=;E[ZQ {D=6{ v =T v

;]
}
v v

f(x)

f(x

i+1

f(x i )

x
i+1

,C )o=68{SCQJJZQT){DYBA oGZ  lhlfofgih_jB^f$ > LlkJn!go VBCF][ZQT4 GtZQ?B?BADCx^RIJZ\TSRPCF

VB={d

 # iig \
S^RCFVBCQYBEBGP=bGI=bBCFJME] AS=bVB=v} {SCQYB{|:mRPT'=AD\ZQGPGI=6{  ZgF=eKTSCF Y`DCFY]AS{T}
 ~ >CFCFE^T'RP=T
`W Bo{ ?e6CQASRPRTT'ZQ{GPCFAD {iv #; ii1 GtZQ?B?]ASCg^RPJZ\T'RICFVB=GtRPTS6OFASZQGP=eCFASAD=6{D?CF]V[ZQT'=\

}
# iio l \ ~

9oL

V)C,

} v v

`CFADJMYBGP=K?=6ASJK=TDT_ZQTbV1CFE^T'=6]RPA% `CQASJMYBGI=V]=6{MT'ASZQ?H\6={b `d o ?CFRI%TS{6?BZQADTSRPA8VB=

VB=; ?[ZQ={DTk{S=VBA={VB}= s6e6ZQADTk)= T'AS=;GI=6Zg{F=?ezCFRP{D=6T'YB{,GI=6VBJK==6  T= u \<ZQGPRPYBZ\T'T'RIAdCFVBTk{V]{D=8YBe?B=?BTDGIT'6=@JK`=6CFASJT_ZQYBRIASGP=={=6VB{DT=;X%GZMY)`=6CFGIBGP=ieT'?RP=6CQAD J=T

<>CFAS{DX%YB= =6{DTVB=z e6GZ\{S{S= {SYBAM/'

>CFJKCF T'AD=;XfY]=Gt=6ADAS=YBAV]=zJKTSUBC^V]=  tx
AS?CQBVbGPZ`CFASJMY]GP=b
*?

 }
tm
  '

`CFADJMYBGP=8X%YBR={DT;EBRI=6{DBAWT'U] 6CFADRPX%YB=Me6ZQA )=6{DT;?BZQ{ie6CQB%$Y) %^S RCFZ\?B?BGPRIX%YB=e=TSTS=M`CFASJYBGP=z
 x [CFCFE]TSRP=%T8

 } ~  6
  d,

V)C,
 }  6

NF=6e8GtUf?CQTSUBH6{D=sX%YBR>BCFYB{ZQADA'ZQ]OF =@EBRP= u m m [CQdCQE]T'RI=6TkGt6OZ\GPRITS
  r,CFJKJ=x+  +  ]CFZ

 x  


        

V)C,
   x  
rW=6{DTe6=TST'= VB=6ADBRPHAS= 6OZQGIRITS sBCF  F 6ADRI[ =GPZ  ?B GIYB?[ZQA|TKVB Y T'= J?]{ u XfY]RBCQYB{`CF]VB= ?=B{S=A
X%Y)YBB=iECFBB=WZQ?B?BADCg]RIJZlT'RPCQKV]=    =6{|T x   CF=6{|T'RIJ=VBCFBeGt=6ADAS=6Y]A`ZQRT'=
?[ZQA|T'RIA,VB=@VB=Y^Z\?B?BASCg^RPJZ\TSRPCFB{VB=@GtRPTS6OFASZQGP=x?CQ YBAGP={?[ZQ {h}=T } =Tke\={DTkEBRI=6eCFJJKCfVB=8
{-M, ?wCEF@2GCg2 .IBC=79I<OE792WF@?w5!IcF@y2 H/ Y
 ?BAD=6BBZQTijb?CFRPT'{8ss; w u YBdJCfVBYBGI=iVB=;X%Y[ZQVBASZ\T'Y]AS=8GPCfegZQGI=W{SRIJ?]GP=ieCFB{SRI{DTS=8=
%$ |
 $ x  |  =6{DTSRPJZ\T'RICFVB=;Gt=6ADAS=YBA)(  (
rW=6{DTGP=c CfVBYBGP=dVB=  Y[ZQVBASZ\T'YB AD=<>CfegZQGI= | sc  <^hkjQh@9xn u  BC\T'=6ASZX%YB=  $ =6{|T
Gt=6{|T'RIJZ\TSRPCFV1=ASAS=YBAzZQ{S{DC^eRP6= MZ\GPCFAD{8X%Y)CFAD =TSCFYBAS]=?CFYBA %$ Y]B=K\ZQGI=6YBA8?BGIYB{;?BASe6RP{D=
9xa

X%YB=  | s{SCFY]{be6=6A|T_ZQRIB=6{bUf?CQT'UBH{S={KCQ ZfY ?BAD6e6VB=6JKJK=6TvX%YB=  |  u NWRIB{SR

?BAD=6{SX%YB=;T'CQY` DCFYBAD{ %$ {S=A'ZvYBB=@`CFA|T'=@JZ_DCFA'ZlT'RPCQVB=;Gt=6ASAD=6YBAkZ\{S{SCfe6RI6=8 %$
 %$ x   %$
eQ=6{|TWe=;XfY]=8]CFYB{kVB6{DRPADRPCFB{

{- ~ AEIBF@.3O2W3Z<6795s<OE7942WCE2gg
@
%
 Z\A'ZQJKHTSAS=6{ % 

 3
egZQGIe6YBG)V]=8hkj ~
  
a hNiqh  ~ ]  E N
J
}
a
a

 q4h@ 
ma
~ }
egZQGIe6YBG)V]=8h@9x5 n

}
}
a hNiqh  ~  3 N ~ {
J
}
a q4h@ a 
6 aT6 } ~ 5;~
 $$ x ( 6s(
k6{DYBGIT'Z\T'{kAD=T'CQYBASB{  ~ 4 5i
 $$ X%=6ASY[ADZQ=6VBYBASAZ\GPT'CfYBegADZ\=zGP=WGIC^V]e6=8ZQGPX%= Y[ Z\VBA'Z\TSYBAS=

{-

363OIB8@3C :79?BKL79IcPPR2A
@


r,=z?]ASCFOFASZQJKJ==6{DTYBB=@`CF]eT'RICFJZ\T'GPZQEZgF=6e8GP={kZQASOQYBJ=T'{k{SYBR\ZQT'{;
: W > 5 > 6 _ /

?[ZQ`{ e=6 GP Y] R[ V)KY]\BZQ=AS`RPZQCQEBBGPe=TSRPCFe_U[vZ\{DPT'BZQ=BV[RPBZ\V]ASRPVX%Y[V]ZQ=JTMZ\GI=TSGZQBEdCFJ se6CFVBJK=JGZd==`CF^B?e?TSRPCFCFYBAGZiRI`CFT'B6eOQT'ASRI=6CFAv =Sf^R,?e6CQ=B=6]CFT'JRI=6GIGP)= u=6{|RPT G
`ZQYBV]A'Zie6AD6=AYBb[e_UBRI=6AJZ\T'GPZQE nl o dI V][BRI{S{SZQTGZ`CF]eT'RICF) ` Fe=X%YBRB?=6ASJK=TDT'ASZ
V)\ZQGIYB=6wA ` ?CFYBAkYB]=;\ZQGI=6YBAX%YB=GPeCFBX%YB= VB=;GtRPTS=6AD\ZQGIGP=V)RPT'OFA'Z\TSRPCF d

 EECFCFASADBB=@=;{DRP]YB`?6ASASRI=6RI=6YBYBADAD=i=zVBV]=;=8GtGRPRIT'T'==6AD\A|\ZQZQGIGPGP=WGI=WV1V)RI%RPTST'6OFOFASA'Z\ZlT'T'RICFRPCQ))
9p

 CFBeT'RICF=^?CFB=6TSRP=6GIGP=bv = BF 43 5 5^5 5 ;687 6

ZQ]: {,W > 5 > 6 ?3 7  xZ ox ;6 3

9
] 5 5
%$ %$ : W > 5 > 6 o
9
 < ?3 7 xZ x;6 3
< 8 7Z] 5 5

CFBeT'RPCQ?CFGIv ?s Wj BF ZgQ=6eYs Wj ; 3 | Tx
v#] ,x 7 7,Ex 7;x 6  x E3
ZQ]: {,W > #5 > B 6 Z 8 sE WjE ; 68 7 o , 3Fx

9
5

%$ %$ : W > 5 > 6 s Wj x
9
 <+B Z8 E 5 E; 687 , 3x
< x
M V[@L BF ZgF=ezVB=AD` I O %
v I O % F 5 , 3  387Z8 7; 7;3 5 E ii str`L^ pu
ZQ]: {,W > 5 > 6 @xL  38 3, 6 x,oE, 3,6,6
9
5

%$ %$ : W > 5 > 6 @L o

9
 < 5 x383,6 x,E,3,6,3
< ^
K  3 
 5 5  3 qp 5;3 q]*u
 AD=6?BAD=6BVGP={K]CQT_Z\TSRPCF]{MVBY?CFRITva] e6RCQV]RIfRP{D=GtRPT'=AD\ZQGPGI= '
>= {DCFYB{#:
RPTS=6AD\ZQGIGP={VB=kJ VJ=,GPCFBOQYB=6YBA{DYBAe_U[ZQeYBVB={SX%YB=GP{/CFv?BAS=BVX%Y[ZlT'AS=k?CFRPTS{6X%YBRPAD6?[Z\ADT'RI{6r,={
?CFRPT'{ v {DCFTV][BRI{ke6CFJKJ=@{DYBRIT;
}

  ~B x v  }) ii) E8 x z# x>

9on

x1

x
3
x = x
1 2

= x 0

x
5
x = x
2 4

x
7
x = x
3 6

x
11

x
9
x = x
4 8

x = x
5 10

x6 = = x12

S^YB?[AzZQe_A@U[eZQ=6eGPYBGI=MVBVB=v={{SCQ{SCQYB?{|CF:mRPGIfT'=QADJ\ZQ=MGPGI=6V1{RI% TS=6Qz AD ? CF GPQzZ\T'9RICFz 
=G GI=6{@ X% Y[Z\ TSAS=v?4CFRP T'CQ{ AS=J ?]GZQe=K GRIT'6OQ A'ZQGI=bVB=

zQ zQ zQ zQ9z

r,=@X%YBR1V]CFBB=@?CFYBAGtZQ?B?BADCx^RIJZ\TSRPCFKVB=xd&@=.ST^= =QTq= jj=SjQ

88=;Qj=8j
;%8 x } p x x z p x  x | }
5

s @={iv=jk u
S^RCF?BAS=BVJZQRPT'=[ZQT/X%Y[Z\T'AD={DCFYB{#:~RPTS=6AD\ZQGIGP={/{DYBA@ d
eCFJK?BAS=[ZQT,e_UBZQe6YBXfYBZ\T'AD=?CFRPTS{
6X%YBRIAS?[ZQADTSRP{fGI=6{/BCFY]Q=gZQYf?CFRI%TS{ v {66eASRF=6T6]=6e6CFB{D=6A|QZ\%T,GZi\ZQGP=YB A }VBBBRP=?BGPY]{U[Z\Y]TW
v  } ii) ; x x 
<Z;`CQASJMYBGI=kVB=Wq= PTSCF^:|r,C\T'=6{,8X%Y[ZlT'AS=?CQRPT'{e6CQJ?CF{SRT'=kZgF=eiX%Y[Z\TSAS={SCFYB{/RPTS=6AD\ZQGIGP={/{e6ADRITg

J; x } x p x z x p x | }
5
x  _ p x   x  x   ;

eQ=6{|TD:~l:~VBRIAS=\B=6`ZQRP{SZQTkRPT'=ADQ=6BRIAE,
, , k x E } x  z x | x  x

~
s @={,{=jk u

=-0/ ~ AEIBF@.3O2WCE2GFHJ27O7924E7
^S CFRT  x J;% G=ASAD=6YBAKVB=JKTSUBCfVB=ZQ{D{SCfe6RI6= GZ`CFASJMY]GP=V)ZQ?B?BADCx^RIJZ\TSRPCF
J;%^  JKCFT'AD=QBGICFAS{DX%YB= ={DTVB=8e6GPZQ{S{D= {DYBAz/'
>t]XfY]=8e=TDT'=;=6ADAS=6Y]A?=6Y]T{e6ASRIAS=v



 5 }   ZgF=e d
,

$
}
e6=;X%YBR>VBCQBB=8?CFY]A  yx J; ZgF=e bGPZv?]GZQe=@VB={}
?

 5 }  m ZxQ=6e '


  ` ZQRP{SZQTGUf?C\T'UBH{S= m m CQZQECQY]T'RTGOZQGIRIT'  E  r,CFJKJ=

x  p J;%z  ;B[CFdZ
 ;% J;        E   E6   
V),C Gt=^?BAD=6{D{SRPCQVB=Gt=6ADAS=YB}A (  (1=6`CFBeT'RICFVB={bVB=6Y^ZQ ?B?]ASCg^RPJZ\ T'RICFB{8VB=JxB, =T
J;vGPRP=6{kZQYf?[ZQv{ } =T
   E6  , J; 

=-M,


?wCEF@2GC2g.IBC=79I<OE792WF@?w5!IcF@2N[$[_,=$

 ?CF{S=;RIe6R


$
%$ 6  J;% J;  s={DTSRPJZ\T'RICFVB=8Gt=6ADAS=6Y]A    u

= - ~AEIBF@.3O2t<O7>5s<>=7942WCEA2 d[$[_, =$

 Z\A'ZQJKHTSAS=6{ %  

} ; %
 ~ E  x  }x  x  }  x }  6 } k x E } }
J
J;% } , i x ~85F } B B 
x ~ } x } x x }
a
k  + } x 6 }
; J ; , ~ x ~^ E 4 } a. 
J
 $$ E 6 (J;% J;(
k6{DYBGIT'Z\T'{kAD=T'CQYBASB{ # %~^$ X%Y[ Z\VBA'Z\TSYBAS=8GPCf egZ\GP=
 $ ={DTSRPJZ\T'RICFV)=6ASAD=6YBAkGIC^e6ZQGP=iV]=8X%Y[Z\VBA'Z\TSYBAS=
E

=-

 

363OIB8C :7>?BKB7>IcPPR2gg (*),+#).-!/+2&

>f /M = B 43 5 5]5 5  687 6wii
ZQ]: {,W  B; B? 3 D= EZ , 6, 68 3o; 7

9


5

5 5

9ow

%$ %$ : W CB;B.D{ o

 < ?3 EZ,6,683;7
< 4E;6 5 5 6,5 3Q 5 6

= >f b ? Wj BF ZgQ=6ews Wk ; d3 | x
v#] x,7 7,Ex 7x;6
ZQ]: {,W  #B; B B  8x D=7,E Z Wj8 E, E; 6 7o

%$ %$ : W C B; B. D{ s Wj o

9
 <+B 8x 7,EZ8 E,E;6 7
< x;E 5 6
x >f v V@L ZgQ=6e8VB=6A|` %
B

I O

v I O % F 5 ,3  387Z87;7;3 5 E ii
ZQ]: {,W  B;B D=, 3 @38L 7 , 6H 7 xo
9
5 ]
%$ %$ : W CB;B.D{ @L o
9
 < 5 ,3 ] 387 ,6H7x
< ? 68E87,E 6
>f v F
%$ %$ : W CB;B.D{ _B> x x
9
 < ] ;E;3,687,687x
<  x 5] 5] 5] 6 5
=JZ\ASX%YB= ?CQYB=A J; MG=ASAS=YBA=]ZQeT'=8=6\ZQGP=YBAkZQEB{DCFGPYB=@={DTz
#M ~ E ;#M ~854 z  x 5] 5^ 5] 5]

9xj

K  3 
 5 5  3 qp 5;3 %huSwT 5 u  7 K

skAS=%`G>TSASRP{6e={=BZQOFe6R=RTkZQ VBGPG=;X69qegUFZQj,YBGIU JKe6uYB=6GIAS=6RIA egZQGJK=TSUBC^V]{MZQBV{SCQ`TQP,ZQAS=X };NSRNWq 8aSc < ;SqNS%R8


$     BF yx

YBB=ZQ?B?]ASCg^RPJZ\T'RICFVB=KGtRPT'OFA'Z\GP=V]= {SY]AzGRI%TS=6A|QZ\GPGP=zECQASBb'
ZQRPB{DRX%YB= %$    
YBB=W=6{DTSRPJZ\T'RICFV]=iGt=6ADAS=6Y]A`ZQRT'=Q<Z8`CFBeTSRPCF =6{|Te6CFTSRP%YB=i=TgBVB=`8Z 6CFOF6BA'ZQGI=Q^)={DTk?[Z\{
ECFASB={SY]A /'
! x ?=6Y]TVBCFBeAS=6?]AS6{D=6T'=AvYBB=RI%TS6OFASZQGP=KVB=RI=6JZQBOQ6BA'ZQGIRP{S=Q G/=6{|T
VBCF]e8RIBVBRI{S?=6B{SZQEBGP=@V1ZQ?]?BASCfe_UB=6A x ?[ZQAY]B=@`CFASJMY]GP=@CFY]Q=6A|T'=Q
w

.-0/ =?L7PWF@2GCE2N.IBC=79I<OE792C2~IcE3O3,=#79?BAE7>?wC 36E7d ,d#

^S CFRI=6T ii1GvGP={/ASZQe6RIB=6{VB=B GP=hGTo:~RIH6JK=?CQGIfFJK=kCFADTSUBCFOFCFBZQGBVB=Wy8Z\YB{S{#:
<>=6OF=BVBAD={SY]vA JCQ%TSAS=8X%YB={D=6 {i ASZQe6RIB=6{{SCFTT'CFY]TS=6{AS6=GPGI=6{=TXfY1=GPGP={iZQ?]?[ZQADTSR:
=6]B=6T;GtRPTS=6AD\ZQGIGP=CQY]F=ADT/ _ !  CFYBAZQ?B?BADC^e_U]=6A BF fGPZi`CFASJMY]GP=VB=X%Y[ZQVBASZ\T'YBAD=

ZQ{D{SCfe6RP=8ve=6{?CQRPT'{ v =6{|T8

v ZgQ=6e v S \

v
v
v
v 
W BF W v  v
rW=6{DTGZ  llh f o fj9oh_j>g_foh o
j f g/r 6nooh G8 ?CFRPTS{ e=TSTS=8`CQASJMYBGI=i=6{|T
VB=8=
HC=8_8 G s=BZ\eT'=?CFYBAVB=6{?CFGfFJK=6{ VB=VB=OFASRI]`6ADRP=YBACQYb6OZQG^, G u
=T=GPGP=WB6e=6{S{DRITS=G; \ZQGIY[Z\TSRPCFB{,VB=
<Zi`CFASJMY]GP=VB=y;ZQYB{S{#:#}@ASCQBASCfVv{6T_Z\EBGPRT8?BZQADTSRPAVB= Ke6CF]{S=6A|F=GP=6{?CFRI%TS{ v =T/CFv=6
A'ZiD CFY]T'=G b ii) G Z\?B?[ZQA|T'=6BZQTZQYB{S{DR) <>=6{]CFY]F=6ZQY^?CFRIT'{=T
?CFRPVB{k{DCFTWe6ZQGPeYBGP{?CFYBAkX%YB=8GZM`CFADJMYBGP=@V]=zX%Y[ZQV]A'Z\TSYBAS=8{SCFRTVB=;VB=6OFADzGI=;?BGPYB{kGP=Q?CF{S{DRPEBGI=Q
^S CFRT 9z e=TSTS= Mls\h f o fjoh_j>gifoh o jf g h_lnh`lo

9z v v 
v
r,=TDT'=k`CFASJYBGP=kVB=kX%Y[ ZQVBASZ\T'Y]AS=W={DT, 8 G,@x ?CQRP T'{=6GIGP=kBe6=6{D{SRT'=WV]CFBe, G;x \ZQGIY[Z\TSRPCFB{V]=
<>=6{e6Cf=K e6RI=6T'{, v _ =TGP=6{/BCFY^F=gZ\Y^?CFRI%TS{ {SCQ%TT'=GP{/XfY]= 9z {SCQRIT/VB=82=
=C=8
x;G B  ZQAVB[BRT'RPCQ  9z  =6{|TGZ%8jh*  !*8;"T=\Q 
ZQ?B?]ASCfe_UB=x BF ?BZQA 9z

x # 9z %$
Y

9U ?

=TG=]?6ADRPJK=6T_ZlT'RPCQ{SYBOQOFH6AD=zVB| =;?BAD=6BV]AS=;e6CFJKJK=@=6{DTSRPJZ\T'RICFV)=6ADAS=YBAADgZQGIRP{|T'=
 $  ( 9z (  % $ ?CQYBAGZQX%YB=GPGI=iCF=6{D?HAS=8GtRPBOZQGPRT'8

( 9z xY(   $

.-M, =?L7PWF@2GCE2N.IBC=79I<OE792C2~IcE3O3,=#79?BAE7>?wC 36E7d'&)(

^S CFRTv} p

 # GI=@e_U[ZQBOQ=6JK=6TVB=@QZ\ASRZ\EBGP=@Z`]=8V]= 8 >{DYBAz/'
>
Y

h(x)

+1

<RIT'6OQA'ZQGI=@Z\?B?BAS+Cf*e_UB=A{e6ADRITZQGICFAS{@



} S } BF } SBF
x +* > >

<OZQGIRIT'b?]AS6e6VB=T'=]CFYB{8e6CFBV]YBRITz dZQ?B?BGIRPX%YB=6A@GPZ?[ZQRPAD= Gb ,GM+x VB=y8Z\YB{S{#:#}@ASCF]ASCfV

{SY]AMGZ `CQBeTSRPCF - , } Z\[V1ZgFCQRPAY]B=ZQ?B?BADCg]RIJZlT'RPCQ $ VB=ix =TbYB]==6{|T'RPJZ\TSRPCF  $ VB=
Gt=6ADAS=YBA`Z\RIT'=\ ?BAS=[ZQT G E]CQCFE]TSRP=%TWZQRIB{SRGP=c CfVBYBGP=8VB=  YBZQVBA'ZlT'YBAD=M<>C^e6ZQGP= 3^ 6
VB=My8ZQY]{S{|:~}@ASCFBADC^V " $ 3. 6 AD=6JZQASX%YB=A'ZX%YB=zGPCFAD{SX%YB= =6{|TiYB?CFG^%FJ=\ /, }
=6{|TMYB?CQGIf FJK=bVB=J V6JK=vVB=6OQASQNRPB{DRGP=vJCfVBYBGI= " $ 3 6dVBCFBB=A'Zl:tTD:mRPGVB={z\ZQGI=6YBAD{
=]ZQeT'={VB=;X%Y[ZQV]A'Z\TSYBAS=;?CFYBA ?CFGf FJK=iVB=;VB=6OQAS;RP]`ASRI=6YBACFYOZQG ; xiEp B

L

.- ) IR:IB8@7>2 100/Y C2 IB363;M79?BA=79?wC 3O=7'2

Y

wM?CQRPT'{kVB=zy;ZQYB{S{
2R]XU p U]9iFw8U]9oLQa p LFwFnQj
2R]w p 9onQa^9F9xjnFnHU,UFa,U p

2R] p nQj p n^9on^9xaFwFwQa,Uw

] 

9onv?CFRI%TS{VB=8}@ASCFBADC^V
2R]XU,U]9 p nQnQaw^9F9xLFj]9xa
2R]XU p U]9iF w8U]9oLQa p LFwFn8U
2R]j

p j pFp LQaFaFn8Uw U
2R]w p 9onQa^9F9xjnFnHU,UFa,U p
2R]nQj FjFwFLQan p w U]9
2R] p nQj p n^9on^9xaFwFwQ,a Uw
2R]L wFwQj p UnFn wQ,j UFj
] 

 CFRIVB{

^I9oLHU p j p U 9 jQjw
^ LFwHUw nQa8U]9 p j,UFLFwFw
^aFj^9xjFaF n n nf9F9U
^ p 9xw8Un8U]9gjFa wQa p

 CFRIVB{
^ LQL8UFanQaFLFL] 9iFnFL8U
^ a, UL8 UL L8U8Uw8U
^I9i p w8U^ 9iF aLFLQLFn
^I9 p nQaLQn8Uw^9onQnFLFn
^I9 U p wQL a, UFL w
^I9UF an nQwQj p wQjn
^I9UF an nQwQj p wQjn
^ L8 U p jL^9 p 9iF j p wFLQj

.- ~ AEIBF@.3O2t<O7>5s<>=7942WCE2A
 Z\BA'RITSZQRJKZQGIHRP{'TSZlAS=6T'{RPCQ% 


Y 

30

R/

d  Y

L^9

;d#

4ii1 }
$ f"54 b f ii) }
4 ii> }

4 ii1 }

4 ii) }

4
egZQGIe6YBG)V]= =T6 |

7  7 

a
hNiqh  m  3 N 


8 c
Jm0
b
8 c

a
a $ fQ"54 8 c fMJ~a
fMJ m

 qh@  3

D ~ a

hNiqh  m  5F N p


4J m k Jm
a
a

 qh@ 
6 S
 ~ 4 *a
 $$ 6 % 3 6 46
k6{DYBGIT'Z\T'{kAD=T'CQYBASB{  %$ X%Y[ Z\VBEA'Z\ TSYBAS=8 GPCfegZ\GP = D:9
 $ =6ASAD=6YBAkGIC^e6ZQGP=iV]=8X%Y[Z\VBA'Z\TSYBAS=

.-

Y ZY

363OIB8C :7>?BKB7>IcPPR2gg Q!#"$

r,=z?]ASCFOFASZQJKJ==6{DTYBB=@`CF]eT'RICFJZ\T'GPZQEX%YBR>{6=^6eY]T'=zVB=;VB=6Yf`Z86CF]{8
: W F%3,G 6 m _ s 

CFYEBRI=6
$  $ 1# : W F%3,G 6 m _ s /

ZgF=ezGI=6{kZQADOFYBJK=6T'{k{SY]RI\ZQT'{;
 _ E CFADB =; RP]\`ZQASASRPRIZQ=6YBEBADGP=W=ie_VBU[=;Z\Gt]RP=@T'RP=BADVB\RIZQX%GIGPY[=WZQV1TkRI%GP=@TS6BOFCQASZ\J T'RICFVB=;GZ`CF]eT'RICFdbRPT'OFAS=A

ECFASB=@{DYB?6ASRI=6YBAD=zV]=8GRIT'=6A|\ZQGPGI=WV)RPT'OFA'ZlT'RPCQ
LFL

 M ? Wj BF B x,7 7,Ex i 7x,6 ZxQ=6e{s Wk GP=@?CFGIfFJK=iVB=;VB=OFASzLFLsr`a] p%u

%$ %$ : W F%3,G 6 s Wk o
9
 <+B x87 7,Ex 7x;6`
< ] 6 5 E i5 E
ZQ]: {,W F#38G B 68x 7 s7, EWj6x 7 ;x o6`

9
bAS=JZQADX%YB=,X%YB=GPZ\ZQ GP=YBAiAD= TSCFYBAS]6=?[ZQAGP=?BASCFOQA'ZQJKJ=/=6{|T=]ZQeT'=eCFJJK=,GI=Q=6Y]TGPZT'U]6CFADRP=Q
M = BF 43 5 5]5 5  687 6.ii
%$ %$ : W F%3,G 6 x
9
 < ?3 5 5]@5 5 6H7
< x 8 7F 5
ZQ]: {,W F 38G ?63  o6H 7

9
5 5]@5 5
M V[@L BF 5 , 3 387Z8 7, 7;3 5 E ii str`L^ pu
%$ %$ : W F%3,G 6 @L o
9
 < 5 ,3 387Z87,7;3
<Gf ,x E8 EF ] 6
ZQ]: {,W F 38G 6 , 3 @L 38 7Z8 7 , x7; 3

9
5

M P W 8 sr`L^ p%u
%$ %$ : W F%3,G 6 4W M F o
9
 < X7,7 x 3xZHE,7 E,6,6
<Gf 4E ; 3x 5 ]
ZQ]: {,W F 38G 6 X7,? W 7  F x 3xZH oE, 7 E,6,6

9
5 ]
M I str`L^ p%u
%$ %$ : W F%3,G 6 # D x o
9
LQa

 < 47,6ZxZ 6 5 7;68E 5 ;7

<N6^ 585 7 , 5
k=6JZQASX%YB= RIe6R[e6CQJJK=kV[QZ B{/Gt=^=6JK?BGI=?]AS6e6VB=TGt=6{|T'RPJZ\TSRPCFMV1=ASAS=YBA,1={DT?[ZQ{/ASgZ\GPRP{|T'=kegZ\A
RPG1{6ZQOFRITV)Y]B=zRIT'6OQA'ZQGI=iOF6 ]6A'Z\GPRP{D6=\

Lp