QUMICAANALTICA

SERIE4SOLUCIONESREGULADORAS
4.1)CalcularelpHdelassiguientessolucionesacuosas:
a)0,200MenHAcO(pKa=4,75)+0,100MenNaAcO

REACCIONES

CONSTANTES

2 H2 O H3 O+ +OH
CH3 COONa CH 3 COO + Na +
CH3 COO +H2 O CH3 COOH+OH
CH3 COOH +H2 O CH 3 COO +H3 O+

Kw=[H3 O+ ][ OH ]

[CH 3 COOH]Ka =[CH 3 COO ][H3 O+ ]

DATOS
Kw
pKa

=
=

1,00E014
4,75

[CH 3 COOH]A =Ca =

[CH 3 COONa]A =Cb =

2,00E001
1,00E001

BALANCESDEMASA
[ Na + ]=Cb

1,00E001

[CH 3 COOH]+[ CH3 COO ]=Ca+Cb

3,00E001

BALANCEDECARGA
[ Na + ]+[H3 O+ ]=[ OH ]+[ CH 3 COO ]

APROXIMACIONES
[Na + ][H3 O+ ]
[ Na + ][ OH ]
[ Na + ]+[ H3 O+ ]=[ OH ]+[ CH 3 COO ]

CLCULOS
=
1,00E001
[CH 3 COO ][ Na + ]=Cb
[CH 3 COOH]=Ca+Cb[CH3 COO ]Ca+CbCb =Ca
Ka

1,78E005

[ H3 O+ ] Ka[CH 3 COOH ]
[CH 3 COO ]
Kw
=
[ H3 O + ]

[OH ]
pH

4,45

VERIFICACIONES
[ Na + ]
[H3 O+ ]

2,81E+003

[ Na + ]

[OH ]

3,56E+008

Ka Ca
Cb

2,81E010

3,56E005

2,00E001

QUMICAANALTICA
SERIE4SOLUCIONESREGULADORAS
4.1)CalcularelpHdelassiguientessolucionesacuosas:
b)0,100MenNH3(pKb=4,75)+0,050MenNH4Cl

REACCIONES

CONSTANTES
Kw=[ H3 O+ ][OH ]

2 H2 O H3 O+ +OH
NH 4 Cl NH +
+Cl
4
+
NH 4 +H 2 O NH 3 +H3 O+
NH 3+ H2 O NH 4+ +OH

[NH3 ]Kb=[NH +
4 ][OH ]

DATOS
Kw
pKb

=
=

1,00E014
4,75

[ NH4 Cl]A =Ca =

=
[ NH3 ]A =Cb

5,00E002
1,00E001

BALANCESDEMASA
=

[Cl ]=Ca

5,00E002

[ NH3 ]+[NH ]=Cb+Ca

+
4

1,50E001

BALANCEDECARGA
[ NH4+ ]+[ H3 O+ ]=[ OH ]+[ Cl ]

APROXIMACIONES
[Cl ][H3 O + ]
[Cl ][OH ]
[ NH4+ ]+[ H3 O+ ]=[ OH ]+[ Cl ]

CLCULOS
=
5,00E002
[ NH4+ ][ Cl ]=Ca
[NH3 ]=Cb+Ca[NH +
]Cb
+CaCa=Cb
4
Kb

1,78E005

[OH ]

Kb [NH3 ]
[ NH4+ ]

[ H3 O+ ]

Kw
[OH ]

pH

9,55

VERIFICACIONES
[Cl ]

[H3 O+ ]
[Cl ]

[OH ]

1,78E+008
1,41E+003

Kb Cb
Ca

2,81E010

3,56E005

1,00E001

QUMICAANALTICA
SERIE4SOLUCIONESREGULADORAS
4.1)CalcularelpHdelassiguientessolucionesacuosas:
c)0,100MenHF(pKa=3,17)+0,200MenKF

REACCIONES

CONSTANTES
Kw=[H3 O+ ][ OH ]

2 H2 O H3 O+ +OH
KF K + +F

F +H2 O HF+OH
HF+H2 O F +H3 O+

[ HF] Ka=[ F ] [ H3 O+ ]

DATOS
Kw
pKa

=
=

1,00E014
3,17

=
=

[ HF]A=Ca
[ KF]A =Cb

1,00E001
2,00E001

BALANCESDEMASA
=
2,00E001
3,00E001
[ HF]+[ F ]=Ca+Cb =
[ K + ]=Cb

BALANCEDECARGA
[ K + ]+[ H3 O+ ]=[ OH ]+[ F ]

APROXIMACIONES
[ K + ][ H3 O+ ]
[K + ][OH ]
[K + ] [F ]

CLCULOS
=
2,00E001
[ F ][ K + ]=Cb
[ HF] Ca+Cb[ F ] Ca+Cb Cb =Ca
Ka

Ka[HF]
[ F ]

[OH ]

Kw
=
[ H3 O + ]

3,47

VERIFICACIONES
[ K+ ]
[H3 O+ ]
[ K+ ]

[OH ]

1,00E001

6,76E004

[ H3 O+ ]

pH

5,92E+002
6,76E+009

Ka Ca
Cb

2,96E011

3,38E004

QUMICAANALTICA
SERIE4SOLUCIONESREGULADORAS
4.1)CalcularelpHdelassiguientessolucionesacuosas:
d)0,050MenHCl+0,100MenNH3(pKb=4,75)

REACCIONES

CONSTANTES
Kw=[ H3 O+ ][OH ]

2 H2 O H3 O+ +OH
HCl+H2 O Cl +H 3 O +
NH +
+H 2 O NH 3 +H3 O+
4
NH 3+ H2 O NH 4+ +OH

[ NH3 ] Kb=[NH +
][ OH ]
4

DATOS
Kw
pKb

=
=

1,00E014
4,75

=
=

[ HCl]A =Ca
[ NH3 ]A =Cb

5,00E002
1,00E001

BALANCESDEMASA
=

[Cl ]=Ca

[ NH3 ]+[NH +
]=Cb
4

5,00E002
=
1,00E001

BALANCEDECARGA
[ NH4+ ]+[ H3 O+ ]=[ OH ]+[ Cl ]

APROXIMACIONES
[Cl ][H3 O + ]
[Cl ][OH ]
[ NH4+ ][ Cl ]

CLCULOS
=
5,00E002
[ NH4+ ][ Cl ]=Ca
=
[NH3 ]=Cb[ NH +
]
CbCa
4
Kb

[ H3 O+ ]
pH

1,78E005

Kb [NH3 ]
[ NH4+ ]

[OH ]

Kw
[OH ]

9,25

VERIFICACIONES
[Cl ]

[H3 O+ ]
[Cl ]

[OH ]

5,00E002

8,89E+007
2,81E+003

Kb CbCa
Ca

5,62E010

1,78E005

QUMICAANALTICA
SERIE4SOLUCIONESREGULADORAS
4.1)CalcularelpHdelassiguientessolucionesacuosas:
e)0,100MenNaHCO3+0,500MenNa2CO3(pKa1=6,85;pKa2=10,33)

REACCIONES

CONSTANTES
Kw=[H3 O+ ][ OH ]

2 H2 O H3 O+ +OH
Na 2 CO3 2 Na + +CO 32
NaHCO 3 Na + +HCO3
CO32 +H2 O HCO3 +OH
HCO3 +H2 O H2 CO3 +OH

[CO 32 ] Kb1=[HCO
3 ][ OH ]
]
[HCO
]Kb2=[H
CO
][
OH
3
2
3

DATOS
=
Kw
1,00E014
=
pKa1
6,85
=
pKa2
10,33
=
[ Na2 CO 3 ] A =Cb
=
[ NaHCO3 ]A =Ca

5,00E001
1,00E001

BALANCESDEMASA
=
1,10E+000
[ Na + ]=2 Cb+Ca
2

[CO 3 ]+[HCO 3 ]+[ H2 CO3 ]=Cb+Ca

6,00E001

BALANCEDECARGA
2
[ Na + ]+[H3 O+ ]=[ OH ]+[ HCO
3 ]+2[CO3 ]

APROXIMACIONES
[Na + ][H3 O+ ]
[Na + ][OH ]
[CO 32 ][ H2 CO3 ]
[ Na + ][HCO3 ]+2[ CO32 ]
[CO 32 ]+[HCO
3 ] Cb+Ca

CLCULOS
[CO 32 ][ Na + ]([ HCO3 ]+[CO32 ]) 2Cb+Ca(Cb+Ca)=Cb
2
=
1,00E001
[ HCO
3 ] Cb+Ca[CO3 ] Cb+CaCb=Ca
=
pKw
14,00
=
=
pKb1
pKwpKa2
3,67
=
Kb1
2,14E004

Kb1 [CO 32 ]
[ HCO
3 ]

[OH ]
[ H3 O + ] =
pH

Kw

[OH ]

Kb1 Cb
Ca

1,07E003

9,35E012

11,03

VERIFICACIONES
[Na + ]
[H3 O+ ]
[Na + ]
[OH ]

1,18E+011

1,03E+003

[CO 32 ]

[ H2 CO3 ]

VERIFICAR

5,00E001

QUMICAANALTICA
SERIE4SOLUCIONESREGULADORAS
CalcularlavariacindepHcuandosediluye10veceslasiguientesolucinreguladora:
*0,200MenHF(pKa=3,17)+0,200MenKF

REACCIONES

CONSTANTES
Kw=[ H3 O+ ][OH ]

2 H2 O H3 O+ +OH
KF K + +F

F +H2 O HF+OH
HF+H2 O F +H3 O+

[ HF] Ka=[ F ][ H3 O+ ]

DATOS
=
=
=
=

1,00E014
3,17
2,00E001
2,00E001

1,00E014
3,17
2,00E002
2,00E002

=
=

2,00E001
4,00E001

2,00E002
4,00E002

6,76E004

6,76E004

[ H3 O+ ]2 +(Cb +Ka)[H 3 O + ]CaKa=0

aX 2+ bXc=0
a
b
c
x

=
=
=
=

1,00E+000
2,01E001
1,35E004
6,72E004

1,00E+000
2,07E002
1,35E005
6,35E004

[ H3 O + ]
[OH ]
pH
pOH

6,72E004
1,49E011
3,17
10,83

6,35E004
1,58E011
3,20
10,80

1,34E+010

1,27E+009

Kw
pKa
[ HF]A=Ca

[ KF]A =Cb

BALANCESDEMASA
[ K + ]=Cb
[ HF]+[ F ]=Ca+Cb

BALANCEDECARGA
[ K + ]+[ H3 O+ ]=[OH ]+[ F ]

APROXIMACIONES
[ K + ][ OH ]
[ K + ]+[ H3 O+ ][ F ]

CLCULOS
[ F ] [ K + ]+[ H3 O+ ]=Cb+[H 3 O + ]
[HF ]=Ca+Cb[F ] Ca+Cb (Cb+[ H3 O+ ])=Ca[H3 O+ ]
(Ca[ H3 O + ]) Ka=(Cb+[H3 O+ ])[ H3 O+ ]

Ka

VERIFICACIONES
[ K + ]/ [OH ]