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Soluciones Bloque 1 Aritmética y Álgebra Matemáticas 1
Soluciones Bloque 1 Aritmética y Álgebra Matemáticas 1
BLOQUE I
ARITMTICA Y LGEBRA
Pgina 98
1
33x 2 25x + 2 = 0
2x 2 4 = 0
x = 2
x = 2
1 + 5
x=
2
1 5
x=
2
x2 + x 1 = 0
a) No tienen solucin en
Q: 2x 2 4 = 0; x 2 + x 1 = 0; 9x 2 + 4 = 0
9x 2 + 4 = 0 no tiene solucin.
salvo 9x 2 + 4 = 0.
12
12
12
12
a) a 3 2a a 2 + 3a a 3 a 12
b)
c) (2 + 3 )(6 1)
d)
98 18
30 3
96
5
6 + 3 2
4 2
Resolucin
a) a a 2a a + 3a a a a = a a
b)
7 2 3 2
4 6
30 3 =
4 2
4 6
30 6
30 3 =
= 30
c) 12 2 + 18 3 = 2 3 2 + 3 2 3 = 3 + 2 2
d)
2 ( 6 3 2 )
2
(6 )
(3 2 )
4 2 3
5 6 2 6 6 2 4 6
=
=
3
6
12
3
5 6 6 3 2 4 6
5 6 6 + 3 2 8 6
3 2 4 6
=
=
=
6
6
3
6
6
5 108
= 1,35 10 3
3,70 1011
b) log
1
k
c) log
k
100
Resolucin
a) log k 3 = 3 log k = 3(1,3) = 3,9
b) log
1
= log 1 log k = 0 (1,3) = 1,3
k
c) log
k
= log k log 100 = 1,3 2 = 3,3
100
Bloque I. Aritmtica y lgebra
BLOQUE
a) |7 3x| = 2
7 3x = 2 8 x = 3
Soluciones: x1 =
5
; x2 = 3
3
x
x
x
x 2 3 = 1 8 x 2 = 2
x
8 x2 = 4
x2 3 = 1
b) |x 2 3| = 1
=
=
=
=
2
2
2
2
Soluciones: x1 = 2; x2 = 2; x3 = 2 ; x4 = 2
log 2
= 1,71
log 2 log 3
Solucin: x = 1,71
a2 + a11 = 41 8 a1 + d + a1 + 10d = 41
a1 + 2d = 24
2a1 + 11d = 41
S12 =
d = 1
a1 = 26
a1 + a12
26 + (26 11)
12 =
12 = 246
2
2
Si al comienzo de cada ao ingresamos 500 en un banco al 4% anual, cunto dinero tendremos al final del quinto ao?
Resolucin
1.er ao
2. ao
3.er ao
4. ao
5. ao
8 500 1,045
500
Capital
El capital disponible al final del 5. ao es la suma de los 5 primeros trminos de una
progresin geomtrica con a1 = 500 1,04 y razn r = 1,04:
S=
a5r a1
500 1,045 1,04 500 1,04
=
= 2 816,49
1,04 1
r1
10 Estudia el comportamiento de las siguientes sucesiones para trminos avanzados e indica su lmite:
3
n2
an =
bn = 5
1
n
cn =
n2 + 1
n
dn =
4n 5
2n + 1
Resolucin
3
; a100 = 0,0003; a1 000 = 0,000003
n2
an =
lm
3
=0
n2
bn = 5
lm 5
n2 + 1
= +@
n
dn =
lm
1
=5
n
n2 + 1
; c100 = 100,01; c1 000 = 1 000,01
n
cn =
lm
1
; b100 = 4,99; b1 000 = 4,999
n
4n 5
; d100 = 1,965; d1 000 = 1,997
2n + 1
4n 5
=2
2n + 1
BLOQUE
1
2
3
n
+
+
++ 2
n2 n2 n2
n
Resolucin
Suma de 1, 2, 3, , n es Sn =
an =
n + n2
2
n2
n + n2
1+n
n=
2
2
n + n2
n + n2
1
8 lm
=
2
2n
2n2
2
a) x 3 9x = x (x 2 9) = x (x + 3)(x 3)
b) 3x 5 4x 4 5x 3 + 2x 2 = x 2 (3x 3 4x 2 5x + 2) =
= x 2 (x + 1)(x 2)(3x 1)
3
2
3
13 Simplifica:
4
3
7
6
1
5
7
2
2
0
2
2
0
x 2 + 3x + 2
x2 1
Resolucin
x 2 + 3x + 2
(x + 2)(x + 1) x + 2
=
=
2
x 1
(x + 1)(x 1)
x1
x=0
x = 2
Soluciones: x1 = 0, x2 = 2
Bloque I. Aritmtica y lgebra
b) Hacemos el cambio x 2 = z 8
8 2z 2 3z 2 = 0 8 z =
35
4
z=2
1
z = no vale
2
x = 2
x = 2
Si z = 2
Soluciones: x1 = 2 , x2 = 2
c) 2x + 3 2x = x 6
x=3
11
x=
9
38 16
18
11
8
9
11 11
7 22
43
11
6 8
2+3 2
=
?
9
9
3
9
9
9
La solucin es x = 3.
(*)
d) 3x 5 4x 4 5x 3 + 2x 2 = x 2 (x + 1)(x 2)(3x 1) = 0
(*)
Ejercicio 12 b)
Soluciones: x1 = 0; x2 = 1; x3 = 2; x4 =
1
3
x + 1 > 3
b)
2x 1 9
Resolucin
a)
x+y=3 8 y=3x
xy + x = 0 8 x (3 x) + x = 0 8 3x x 2 + x = 0
x 2 + 4x = 0
x1 = 0 8 y1 = 3
x2 = 4 8 y2 = 1
BLOQUE
x+1>3 8 x>2
2x 1 9 8 2x 10 8 x 5
b)
Soluciones: x (2, 5]
16 Opera y simplifica:
x 2 4 x 2 + 2x
: 3
(x 2 3x)
x+1
x x
Resolucin
x 2 4 x 2 + 2x
: 3
(x 2 3x) =
x+1
x x
(x 2 4)(x 3 x)
(x + 2)(x 2)x (x + 1)(x 1)
(x 2 3x) =
(x 2 3x) =
2
(x + 1)(x + 2x)
(x + 1)x (x + 2)
= (x 2)(x 1) (x 2 3x) = x 2 3x + 2 x 2 + 3x = 2
17 Resuelve:
a)
x2
b) 3x
7x
x
+
=1
+ 4x + 4 x + 2
1
3
c) 42x 2 4x + 1 + 16 = 0
d) log (x + 1) = 1 + log x
Resolucin
a)
7x
x
7 x + x (x + 2)
+
=1 8
=1 8
(x + 2)2
x+2
(x + 2)2
8 7 x + x 2 + 2x = x 2 + 4x + 4 8
8 3x 3 = 0 8 x = 1
Solucin: x = 1
b) 3x
1
= 31 8 x 2 2 = 1 8 x 2 = 1
3
x=1
x = 1
Soluciones: x1 = 1, x2 = 1
Bloque I. Aritmtica y lgebra
cambio
c) (4x )2 2 4x 4 + 16 = 0 8
t 2 8t + 16 = 0 8
4x = t
8 (t 4)2 = 0 8 t = 4 8 4x = 4 8 x = 1
Solucin: x = 1
d) log (x + 1) log x = 1 8 log
x+1
x+1
=1 8
= 10 8
x
x
8 x + 1 = 10x 8 9x = 1 8 x =
Solucin: x =
1
9
1
9
b) 2x + y z = 5
3x y + 3z = 10
x 4y = 5
a)
log (x + 1) = 1 + log y
Resolucin
x 4y = 5
a) x 4y = 5
x+1
8
8
8
=
10
log (x + 1) log y = 1
x + 1 = 10y
y
8
x + 4y = 5
8 6y = 6 8 y = 1
x 10y = 1
x + 4y = 5 8 x + 4 = 5 8 x = 9
Solucin: x = 9, y = 1
b)
1.
x + 2y + z = 1 8
2. + 2 1.
2x + y z = 5 8
3. 3 1.
3x y + 3z = 10 8
x + 2y + z = 1 8 x = 1
5y + z = 3 8 z = 2
7y + z = 7 8 y = 1
Solucin: x = 1, y = 1, z = 2
19 Resuelve: x 2 + 4x + 3 0
Resolucin
x 2 + 4x + 3 0
x = 1
x = 3
x 2 + 4x + 3 = 0
>0
<0
3
>0
1
BLOQUE