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"

Void Ratio, e

eo

VCL

Critical
state cone

B'
b

Void Ratio, e

A'

eo

Adapted from

R: Current overconsolidated
stress state
V: Stress state for "Virgin normally
consolidated clay"
I: Image point

s
~

VCL

B'
A

V
b)
(2a', 2a' ~

B'

I)
b+~
(~= ~

c
'

2a'o
2a'

Current load
surface, fo

Conceptual Model of Unload-Reload Used by MIT-E3 for

Hydrostatic Compression:
(a) Perfect Hysteresis; and (b) Hysteresis and Bounding Surface
Plasticity.

Measured Data:

Ladd et al. (1971)

O'Neill (1985)

OCR:
Compression/Extension
Symbol

1.0 2.0 4.0

C E C E C E

4.0
C E

MIT-E3 Predictions

0.4

=
'

42

.5

(v' -h' )/2p'

0.2

0.0

-0.2

'
0.2

=3

7.5 o

0.4
0.6
(v' +h' )/2p'

0.4

0.4
1.0

Adapted from

0.0

2.0

4.0

1.0
4.0

2.0

-0.2

-0.4

0.01

R
c

O'
O

x'

loge (mean effective stress, ')

0.2

Rx

Yield, Failure, and Load Surfaces used in MIT-E3 Model

A' C'

-0.4
0.0

s
~

Rc

I
R

Boundary surface, f

0.1
1
Axial Strain, Ia I (%)

10

Evaluation of MIT-E3 Predictions of Undrained Plane Strain Shear Tests on

Ko-Consolidated BBC

Figures by MIT OCW.

r. _ L ./.

(. ZlZsIZ6

ft.

f..JbZ

h/Idkh (/9?3)

I'I

A AD~J AC

'^Jt
.V,.L'.O f VWWvW-

, 43(),

Au

28-31'

Table 1. Average index properties of tree clays

Property

Boston blue
clay

Empire
day

London
clay

WL:%
we: %
Ip: %
IL: %

42
21
21
95

76
26
50
36

75
28
47
5

zzz

4tq
_

_,

Table 2. Input parameter

Test type
One-dimensional
consolidation
(oedometer
CRS, etc.)

for the MIT-E3 model

Parameter/
symbol

Physical contribution/
meaning

Empire
day

London
clay

eo

Void ratio at reference stress on

virgin consolidation line

1-12

1 26

1-21

Compressibility of virgin normally

consolidated clay

0,184

0274

0-172

Non-linear volumetric swelling

behaviour

KO-oedometer
or
KO-triaxial

Boston
blue clay

220

24.0

650

1'60

1-75

1.50

Irrecoverable plastic strain

0'2

02

0.1

KONc

KO for virgin normally consolidated

clay

048

062

0.62

2G/K

Ratio of elastic shear to bulk

modulus (Poisson's ratio for initial
unload)

105

086

0.99

33.4'

23-6

22.50

459t

21-60

22.50

Undrained
triaxial
shear tests:
degrees

Tc

Critical state friction angles in

triaxial compression and
extension parge strain failure
criterion)

OCR - 1; CKoUC
c

Undrained shear strength (geometry

of bounding surface

086

075

0.80

s,

Amount of post-peak strain

softening in undrained triaxial
compression

4-5

3.0

3.9

(O

Non-lincarity at small strains in

undrained shear

007

020

0.20

Shear induced pore pressure for OC

clay

05

0'5

0.5

Resonant column*

ao

Small strain compressibility at load

reversal

0001

0.0035

0001

Drained triaxial

%P
o

Rate of evolution of anisotropy

(rotation of bounding surface)

OCR = 1; CKo UE
OCR - 2; CKOUC

1000

100.0

100.0

Alternatively use field data from cross-hole shear wave velocity type tests.
t Recent data (Germaine, 1989) suggest q, m 40.

E2