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{pxij

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poge i 8

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Page 22
I

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$unctinn

globaily: loiirry aut

Food N&al rockes you *lrink

Writing: of
henne

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Glsbsl

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i

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tunriion gl*bally: Agr*eing *nd di*cgreeing

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the power ol nrrsi*

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{p331

{paol

ipal)
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why people leorn English

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poge 5d

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poge 58

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Giohol

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I^ <Ol

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ACV
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poge 70

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lhe rnasl importont lerhnologieol

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{p75}

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tp76l
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page 78

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l;i-r3)

{p88i tpse)
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fnglish:

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{p87}
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page 90

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A didogue

{pel

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A deseripiion o{ o town

{p100)

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{pt 10}

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Sludy

Englhh:

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{plli}
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l',!et',t

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l2}
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Globul

iir:a,aatioii iO121

si.es: =-:
:

voites:

Your fovourife

wor*rin

English

(ornrnunirction adivitiesl Sfudenl B: {pl28J Student A:

Additionul muterici: {p130}

slillsr Evaluoting your pronuruiction Audiorript: (p152| Grommorforus: (pl3?l

Study

{p122} {pl 23}

Wriling:

Deliftiliorrs g{tre A report or sludics

{pl l5}

fpl2a) {pl25}

{pl?6}

::t-"

Contents :+:=

Fqil l *!'

V***$x*$*ry
$ Look at the pictures and read the infbrmation. X,'Iatch each object tri :r u,ord in the box. There are three u'ords you do not
neecl.

K*##[n* 3 f*r ;.t; Read ancl listen to the text on

qS

gum credit card glasses key ring lipstick mobile phone pen umbrella
chewing

page 7 about another everyday object: the iclentity card. \Vhat kjnd of informarion about an individual can vou llnd on an identity card?

* t 2 3 + s

Read the text agqain and find exarnples

of ... for ID cards. ID cards. a material used in ID cards. information on an ID card. biometric information on an ID
a historical reason

Do vou

har.e any of these things

with you

countries u'ith no

today?

\'\hich onesi Tell a partner.

card.

S Does your country have identity cardsi \Vhat information cio they contain?

Origin: United States,

1

973

The first model weighed 0.79 kg and measured 25cm.

Origin:
Origin: United States, 1950
The first one was the

Mexico, 1860
It comes from the chicle

plant. The original idea was to use it to make car tyres.

Diner's Club card. People used it to pay in New York

Surprising
*r7ryErz* ffiffi# **s:

The iderrtity (lD) card

Gr*gtnen*n
Are ID cards obligatory? Do all cor.tntries haae ID

What were the first lD cards?

The first lD cards were, in fact, paper identity documents, which appeared in the 18th century.
curds?

T4hat is a biometric ID card? What did people use ID cards for?

What did people use the first lD cards for?

People used the first lD cards to travelto different countries. The lD card was the first passport.

. .

in questions the'i.erb goes before

the subject in present simple or past simple questions, the auxiliary verb do / did goes befbre the subject and the infinitive goes after the subject question words (Wha4 Were, flho, etc.) go at the start of a question
tl-re

Do all countries have lD cards?

No, they don't. There are more than a hundred countries in the world with lD cards. But several English-speaking countries don't have a national lD card system. These countries include the UK, the US, Canada, Australia, lreland and New Zealand.

.
1

What do lD cards look like?

lD cards are usually made of plastic and can fit inside a person's wallet.

Complete the questions by puttine ,.r'orcls in the correct place.

r do you do? r vou speak any foreign ianguages? , u-hat your narne? . s-hat1s phone nurnber? : \'or.r have anlr children? , n'here you born? - tfiere did,vou to school? : \\ here do live? - ]-ou rnarried?
. 2
.

u'hat do
is

What information do governments put on lD cards?

Most lD cards contain the person's name, date of bitlh,
signature and a photograph. Some cards contain other information such as the person's address, phone number, nationality, profession and marital status.

)rour
c1o

were
o.) D"

you
are is

What is a biometric lD card?

More modern lD cards now contain biometric information, for example, fingerprints or digital images of people's eyes.

u'hat your date of birth?

:rics in the box.

,\latch the questions in exercise I to the

\ame
Address Dhone number

Profession Marital status Children Education Languages

S*^*,l\"!ii 91-tL6,' il.r* **-i*$inn ! ; q;rC

late of birth
:iace of birth

& ,t.t* , .'.:'': Listen to three people spelling personal information. \trrrite the urlrds
they spell.

Choose five questions from exercise t. :k in pairs and ask each other the
: i ri( )ns.

* \\'ork in pairs. A: spell the

u.ords to B.

_t ::
:::1,:i

:::r::1: .,ta | :.)aa

a -: !

* * e S

).our last narne the name of the street you iive on two words lrom this lesson
Su.ap roles ar-rd repeat.

lre
Purt
2

#mwg#wre#
!::,rifinfi:ffi:ii:it?ir::!: g!ri.!.r.'::::.:::r1.r1
:r1

frI

$pmi<!n; & V*c*irri+ry

**s*ribing
Lis:en;rg

pe*g*9e

Speoklng and Voesbulory I Think of someone you knowverywell

and describe this person to a partner. lJse the phrases below to help you.

tisfening I W 1"*3*3.&& Listen to four

conversations and choose the correct photo a-j on page 9 for each one.

i&e*?ity

p*r*d*

#r*il

n:c r

Vf?zs,

& #<*w ques?ie*s

3pc*i<i;-,g

F*9se *d*ngig!*s

. ' . e 2

This

is... He's / She's ... He's / She's got ... eyes and ... hair. He's / She's ... years old.

2 Listen again and answer tlre questions. There is one question for each conversation. r z : + 3
Does the woman like the photo?

Write the words in the box under the

correct headings below.

How old is the baby? What is different about Bella? What colour is the man's hair?

bald beard blond curly

in her

fair

twenties medium-height middle-aged overweight scar shorl shoulder-length slim straight young

Work in pairs. A: choose one of the photos and describe it to your partner. B: try to g'uess the correct photo. Then swap roles
and repeat.

3 Think about the person you described in exercise 1. Can you add any more details to the description?

We use look + adjeclive io describe a person's appearance.

He looks thin.
She looks good. We use look + like + noun phrase to compare someone's appearance to someone or

something else.
She /ooks like her mother. He looks like a film star. Choose the correct option in each pair
sentences.

ol

1 2 3 4

He looks like his father. He looks his father Are you OK? Are you OK? You look like tired. You look tired.
I look horrible in this photo. That chair doesn't look jike comfortable,
I look like horriLrle in this photo.

That chair

doesn't look comfortable.

-.,n

b'ndi'$dulail

o*n**o** v5 uts$ilt;Md

How old

is he?

Wut kind of car does he driue?

Il/hat colout'nre his eyes?
use /:o-o' + adjectives such as old, toll, /07tgto ask for r.nore deLril vse uhot + kind of / sort of + noun to ask lbr

inforrnation about the noun

also use what + colou,r

tinte

size

to

ask

fbr

specific detail

(iomplete the questions belou. u.ith the correct tstion r,r'orrls.

low

many how much ,'rhat kinds what sort

how

* Put the r,r.orcls in the crxrect orcler to nr'.rkc cluestions.

safe is your identity? The answer is: not safe, if you look at the statistics for dentity theft.

of crime is identity theft? ldentity (lD) theft occurs when someone steals your :dentity. lt's one of the biggesi new crimes in the
',vorld today.

t colclur :lre l'olrr eyes rr,-l-rat? z hair colclur u.hat r,'our is? l hrir hor,r' long vour is? + month u'hat birthclav is y61111i s olcl t-ou hor,r' are? 6 street 1ir-e r-ou do cln rvhrrti : tall vou are hor.r'?

people are victims of identity theft every year?

Experts think that millions of people are victims aroLLnd the world. ln the US alone, it's around nine r'llion people every year.
-, does identity theft cost? theft is big business and costs billions of dollars to

tffi*trK$ffi#

F"

S'

! d * *

\Atite

tl.ris infrrnnation on a

piece of paper ancl gir,e

teacher. .\rotlr

jt to the

ftlll

r-rarne

"ational economies. of identity theft are there? -.lere are different types: using your credit card: getting a government -ratting a phone in your name or :ccument, eg a driving licence, are some examples.

)'our

aclclrcss

\'our birthdar.
tct sten/

-? Vrr.r are eoing

somcone's

rdentin'. Tirke a piece of prper: fron.r the te:rcl-rer 'rnc1 clo not shorv it tcr anybr cll,-. This is your ne\\, identitt-.

,$ \\brk in pairs and ask e'.rcl-r other

questions trorn exercise 2. Fincl out \ ()rrr l):lltrcr"s lirlsc idcrrtitr.

.1.:j.-

aaalr::aa,

i.

:,i:;:::tt :t::
?-

:-:

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trnd Lis*c*ning

'e-i*tening mnd ffi*nding

':-,

1:.

;1

;'

;.;

:1.':!

::t

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t1t

4. t*+ai.

=.+a:

+i

3 \A,rork in pairs and make a list of the people you kno$,'in the class. Tell each other what yolr know about them.

3 Nx';,r.iii Read and listen to the extract frorn the pla1. 5; Degree-t of Sepamtion on page 11. Do you know this theory? *. l:+, i,i:ti Listen to an explanation of the theorv. Drau,'lines befir.een Lhe nanres below to shou.u.hich people
irre

.........a,-.1.-:'

k =?= :.'=:.. Listen to a woman talking about people she knows. Write the r,r'ords in the box
under the correct names.
=
4..

{ ) (1,;+lra :::;t':t:!+:
7

: + a-t;

?:

t i7

:.J,..i.

ar'a

acquaintance classmate colleague

V

con'ected.
John

zltz':3v 1 !;:=:-::a:=

friend
Sofia

neighbour

Hans

* Liste' again. The Ambassador Explain the link between ... Mary Robert I vou andJohn. The Secretary General of the z Jar-re and : 4
Robert. ,\{r Smith and
the A'nbassador.
Mr Smith

f,

'y

United Nations

\Vork in pairs and discuss these questions.

Do you think this theorv is true? Are 1,611 connected to a farnous person in anv way?
Tell your partner.
My wife's sisfer has met the President.
I work with a man. Hls sonb teacher went to

school with a famous s/nger

:t

I : -

Ken

Pilar

Listen again

ancl ans\l''er the questions.

t \\here is Becky's neighbour? z Does Becly know Hans u.ell? : Does she u.ork u'ith Ken? + Horv does she know Sofia? 4 Copv the diagrarn above and write
the names of people y'ou know. \Vrite the relationship underneath each narne. Then work in pairs and tell each other about the people.

lf you are in touch with someone you see, speak to or write to them. Hs rs cller; in taur:h wilh irtpi;r'lenl p.r*pi. You can lose touch with a person if you don't see, speak or write to them any more. You are then ouf of touch with that person. I losl loircfo witn a iai cl n:y scl;coi i**nds {fia*y ye*rs ett$. er* Ltut cl lor,'*i n*r.i Keep in touch or stay in touch are informal expressions you can use to tell someone you want to be in contact. !'ce, ;;u stor,. . iti .J itJrl:'l it, ut '.'

ilr

Cornplete the sentences rvith an expression

rsing

touch.

$he's stiil

,-

l j'n __
:

5he',",,rites

i*

witil h*r rirfindricin*r.

Ihis ls Louise. Sheb my neighbour.

Jorge is a colleague from work.

nevcr:**

her every',;;eek. \i.tiih nry schc*l iri*nds. them.

3 4

A: $ee ynu later.

*: *l'r, ,-,,..*-,.
rrrlir hir iarrrily. i1* d*esn"l r,.reni t* l""i* calle ih*nr *very nonth.

r':taia tt ':,,

{[all ...
"&d

.:";',*:rmr*:*r
Robert works

I read somewhere that everybody on this for a big

hotel

itt

the city cenfi'e.

planet is separated by only six other people. Six degrees of separation between us and everyone else on this planet. The President of the United States, a gondolier in Venice,

) h' Smith knows nwrtj l)eople.

IIe sornetinres has hrnch with the

tutltnssadot:
17e

is ojlen in

tozrch zuith

itnportant people.

o use the present simple . . .

to talk about habits and routines and for things that

ere alwavs true add.r to regular verbs when talking rrbout /re / she / it use frequencv adverbs to say hou'often something happens fi'equenc,v adverbs go between the -sub.ject and the verb except with the

iustfill in the names. ... I am bound -you are bound - to everyone on this planet by a
trail of six people.
From Sx Degrees of Separation by John Guare.

* t

Cornplete the sentences

terb
--

to be

bl' putting the r'i.ord clr phrase in the correct place.

Beckv talks to her parents on the
pl-rone. (three tirnes n teek') Sl-re is l'erir friendll' u,ith the neighbours. (aluoli) She qoes olrt r'r.ith her colleagues. (oferz) She uses the internet to keep in touch u.ith people. (e-cu1 dny')

rmplete the text about online soci:rl ' ,,r'ks using the correct firrm of the

-.t. gilen.

z : +

Keeping in touch
-: a;,' people often (keep) in ,', ih friends and family is using the -:'= -:: People (use) social special websites. :- :'{ rg sites. These are (have) their I =- -+-oer
,
,'.

: ..,.:a .

F*

\\rrrrk in pairs. A: turn to page 126. B: turn to page 128.

-::

at Jim, for example. Jim ,",, s in touch with his network of friends. (not write) emails, he -=.-,,--,, - - - -':'rat on on a social networking site . .- ::,; J m often .,,. (fake) photos - - ',- , and (puf) them on his (iook) at Jim's r: :::: -l s friends

: ::{ : L.),;

. : -:

:^: : - -'::

(see) the information

T-ey

then

(send) him

il*"i

i::;:jrir: ;:i a. ..:.

\4.::-1.a

i-i-l

E-

:5 ?e?ill{lf:lfi:l

aj!t?,;

}psfi$fifis find Kefidrns ? Read the infbrrnation belou'about

r z :

g e

!.

CCTV

* Quickly read Readers' response on page What kind of texts are they? a u c d
S
advertisements in a newspaper

13.

caillerJs and Jnswer dre questions irr pairs.

1::
;.-.:i

::

t:.t i,-i T,'n.:tzj

at

Do anv of the facts surprise you? Do yolr have CCTV in your town?
\{,here? Do you think that CCTV carneras are
good idea?
a

letters to a rlewspaper emails to a company messages from tl-re government

I.i + ;t i ::

ij

::; ":+

;:

t1

:.

Read the texts again and answer the questions.

r \\'ho \l,-orks at night in a shop? z Who thinks the article is not fair? I \Vho talks about dre police? + \Vho mentions other ways of r.l-atching
people?

4 \{brk in plirs. Find ruo argurnents

you agree with?
^ .:

in

favour of and two argurnents against CCTV canleras in the texts. \l'hich arpments do

Wg3e;e+t.:,

i,, ::

,:

Place is a very common word in English expressions. lf something takes place, it happens. Th* festival takes plaee in Q*taberlf something is out of place it does not belong or is uncomfortable. ! felt aut o{ Blac* thsre. ! didn"t knaw anyboriy.

Look at the lLighlighted expressions in the texts on page 13 . Match them to their meanings or uses 1-5 below I to explain the first paint in an argument

2 3 4 5

insiead of
er;ery*lhere a pertieular positi*n or pad cf town that somethins is not appropriate for y*u

t ;.

a:r

Grgawmwx'
CCTV carneras at'e watching yott. II-e are pwning irt two rnlre c&ntelas nlu. I[b agree with CCTV carnerul

. . .

use the present continuous to

talk

about things drat are happening now or around nou' use the present continuous to talk about ternporary situations u'e do not usually use stative verbs
such as agree, belieae, know, like, need
u

ith the presenl continuous

L-nderline the correct for:m of the l'erbs

\Vork

ir-r

pairs anrl conpare

lour

:rc letter.
I am tooking / look oul of my window at work right now and I can see two CCTV caurleras. These cameras are belonging / Hong to the company, and they watch our flery move. I am not understanding / don't wtderstand why,we,;are:neeyding, l' need

sentences. Ask one question ilbout each person on \-our partner'.s paper. Where is your brother teaching?

$srmrnasffie

**fi*m

rlem. I am
Lola Sule

not,likintg,l;,Ao,n;;1y1i,ti

1lem'

? - . ink of three people you knou.. For - - -. :t-rson! $'rite two or lnore sentences . _:... | .r.rr thev do. . :.rt ther- are probabl,v doing now. ' .':.'er Graham works as a secondary
=dul lel.

':';= i=l:l Listen to fir'e sentences. Hou. many u'ords do vou hear in eachi (contractions = t\4'o u'ords)

* Listen again and u'rite the sentences. Then practise saying them. Pay attention to linking the words tosether.
& e
\Arork in pails and imagine a context fbr each sentence. Think about:

-: . :':cably teaching

a history class right

s \44rere are they? e \Vhat do thev sar. next?

\Aho is speaking?

vrdfirET!

up

Lmngasmge $**ass: s*e$s&

correct.

*xpr*sst*xls
not

M/ork in pairs and choose tw'o or three situations from the list beloui Roleplay a short conversation for each situation. Situations

Read the phrases and cross ilut the response that is

t z l + s o
s Thank you very much!

Hou,- are you?

'1

You are meeting for the first time.

2 3 4 5 6 7

Youare friends. lt's late and you would like to go home. A is working and B is the customer. B: you want some help.
You work together. lt's A's first day. B: introduce yourself, You are classmates. lt's the end of the week and you are

" " " . "

Fine

thanks. n

Very u.ell, thank you.

I'rn nice.
Fine to meet

Hi, I'm Georg'e.

vou. u

Nice to meet you.

Pleased to meet yoll.

Have a good weekend.

You

too. t, Thanks. .
b

Yes, please.

saying goodbye.

A: it's your birthday. B gives you a present.

You don't know each other. A: you bump into B who

Excuse me. " Yes, can I help voul

Yes?

You're welcome.

Thanks for evervthing.

drops something.
:): :i!i;,,1i!;l; ;1 .

" .

You're

welcome. s No

problern.

Yes, please.

-.a.::ia:::i::'t:;:!;a:..

":::,t,:::
:.::',

a:

e How are you? e Nice to meet you.

* See you tomorrow.

s l'm sorry.

"

Have a good weekend. Excuse me.

you tomorro\\-. You too. t' Bye. " " See you. I'rn sorry. " That's all right. u lt's OK. You're w-elcorne.
See

"

spetrkrs'!#
\Vork with a ne\v partner and choose one of the
belou'.
tasks

Listenimg
Listen to four con\.ersations. Match each one -:rrrc rrnd a siturtiorr.

: :i

&

Repeat the vu'arm up activitv using the new expressions

you have learnt.

& Look at the audioscript on page 152 and choose one of the convers:.rtions. Practise it and try to memorise it. Then corrtin ue tlre corrverslt ion.

.slystal
We use language to express our thoughts, form relationships with others, and build communities. The focus is always on the individual. lf you study language you study people, and people are as different as chalk from cheese. So their language will be different too.

Sometimes it's regional background that makes the difference. lf you hear someone say Ihaf s a bonny wee chitd, the speaker is probably from Scotland, because words like wee (little) and bonny (pretty) are hardly ever used anywhere else. And someone who says My car's hood and windshield were damaged probably has an American background; someone from the UK would say bonnet and windscreen.

Gla**ary
background (noun) - the type of family, social position or culture that someone comes from
BRB (verb) - internet abbreviation for Be right back; you use this to say informally that you will return soon LOL (verb) - internet abbrevialion tor laughing out loud; you use this to say informally that you think something is funny

10

15

Often it's social background that makes the difference. ln the 1950s in Britain there was a lot of publicity about how upper-class (U) people used different words from those used by other classes (non-U). U speakers had luncheon (or lunch) in the middle of the day and dinner in the evening. Non-U speakers had dlnner in the middle of the day. Luncheon is rare today, but there is a still a social divide between lunch and dinner.

Above all, these days, it's the technology that makes the difference. The internet allows people to express their individuality in ways that were inconceivable a few years ago. Emails vary from highly formal (Dear Professor Crystat) to highly informal (Yo, Dave!!). Older people often keep the rules of punctuation and capitalisation they once learned; younger people often try out new ways (l dont think so - LOL).
But times are changing. As more older people starl to use the internet, they are also using the latest abbreviations more and more. BRB (Be right back).

\Vorm axp i \'e these sentences true (f or false (fl for you? . I speak more than one langrrage. . I speak differentlv at work to how I speak at home. . \Il language has rnany different dialects. . There is more than one language in my country. . Rich people speak differently to poor people. i \\brk in pairs and compare your answers. Do you agree?
q

Lmmgaxmge $mexxs
Find words or expressions in the text with these meanings. t to be very different (lines 2-3) 2 uncommon (line 14) 3 lnost importantly (line 16) + impossible to think about or irnagine (line 17)

$pe*kimg
Do you think the differences in English that the author talks about are true for your ianguage? Think of some examples. Use the questions below to help you.

",eodtns ' R:acl tlre text Sarn,e language

-:
:rlterences in geography ::*erences in social class

t.

but

dffirent What three

. . .

,rs c'loes the author mention?

How do people start and finish emails in your language?

Is it formal or informal? Are there different parts ofyour country that use different words to mean the same thing? Can you give
an example and explain

" a

differences in diet diflerences in technology

I i:rcl the text again and decide ifthese sentences are . D or false (fl.
:r;'rple are verv different, so langrrage is difl'erent. '- ,1 and windshiel/ are British English words. '-' .peakers had lunch in the evening. - =:hnology always makes language very formal. r -rng people don't use capital letters in the same way .. r people on the internet. -rng people are inventing new \\rays of using capital

it in English?

Are there abbreviations on the internet in your languaqe

Ilke LOL or BRB?

as

Readimg

1 Read Constanza's
description of herself.

Longuoge focus: ioining sentences I Join tlre sentences using and, but or so.
I have a dog called Lucky. I have a cat called Mimi. I have a dog called Lucky and I have a cat called Mimi.

a tr c 2

an email to a friend! an introduction for a social

t z 3 + s o 2

I'm short and slim. I have long curly black hair. My sister trained as a teacher. She's unemployed at the
moment.

networking site? a letter ofapplication for

a job?

I'm thirty years old. I'm rnarried with two children.

Clodagh isn't a comrnon name. People often don't know how to spell it. I have three sisters. I don't have any brothers. I was born in a smali village. I find living in a big city very strange.
Read the joined sentences. Cross out any words that you

Is there anything in the description thatt true for you?

Hi! My name is Constanza Ximena Jara Castro, but people call me Coti for short. I'm twenty years and single. I born in Valdivia, in the south of Chile, but now I live in Santiago, the capital city. I study journalism in the university and I like very much this course. We are five people in my family - my parents, my two elder sisters and me. We also have got a dog called Kalu. My father's job is a photographer and my mother is teacher.

don't need.
I have a dog called Lucky and fhave a cat called Mimi.

ln my free time I like swimming, listening music and seeing friends. In the future I hope to go to USA for do a Master's and my ambition is to work as a journalist for a national newspaper.

Prepcring fo write
Make notes aboutyourself for a social networking site. Use the topics in the box to help you and include your own
ideas.

Wnir'ing slqills: Xoekimg fer enrors im youn wer*( ? Read a corrected copy of Constanza's description and
find twelve differences.

Name Age Bifthplace Town Family Free time Ambitions

Occupation

? 3

Which of these errors do you sometimes make?

Do you usually check your writing for errors befbre giving it to a teacher?

is Alejandro Gustavo Donoso Jimenez. c People call me Alex for short. e My nickname is Chacho. * I was named after my grandfather.

* My full name

t I have a dog whose name is Pepe.

Hi! My name is Constanza but people call me Coti for short. l'm twenty years old and single. I was born in Valdivia, in the south of Chile, but now I live in Santiago, the capital city. I am studying journalism at university and I like this course very much. There are five people in my family - my parents, my two elder sisters and me. We also have a dog called Kalu. My father is a photographer and my mother is a teacher.

e I have a sister called Andrea and a brother called Pablo.

Writing
\4/rite your description and check it for errors. Then work in pairs and swap your descriptions. Try to correct each other's work.

ln my free time I like swimming, listening to music and seeing friends. ln the future I hope to go to the USA to do a Master's and my ambition is to work as a journalist for a national newspaper.

Gnmmm'rsr

ffieir:g e
r.vords.

#e*d

*mrxgax*ge Smwrsxer

i Cornplete the questions r.vith the correct I _-_-_- marriecl? No, I'm single. r * _-- speak English? Yes, a littlc. your phone nuinber? l
It's 07051-459-216.

? Read the learning questionnaire. How often are these statements true for you? Give yourself a score for each question. Not usually = 0 points Sometines = 1 point Usually = 2 points x * * * *
I try to orae tise usinS Errqtish as clf:er as I ean *utside the ciassro*rn. I am willi*g t* take risks ai:d arn rxot at,air) c{ rEak;ng nl;s"iakes

+ you do? I'm a teacher. : - .- , -* * is your cari It's red. 2 Complete the sentences with the correct fonn of the . :rb in brackets. : \: Excuse me, can you help rne?
(not / : I - \Iy brotl-rer
----- Qri to u'ork right nou.. knou) rnany peopie in this tou'n. (not/ like) his boss, so he (kok) 6ot , t'1s$' job. -(not / speak) anv foreign ,\Il' rrrother languages.

B:

I'm

sorry-,

i ain *rganis*e* in th* way i manag*': rny larning.

i iearn bcst. 'n*w l{ | dcn'l underslarlcl scntelhir,g I li1' to guess. s, i nolice n;;. niistakes at'rd 'ry t(i learn
f

!think eh*ilt

rnm i hpn:

\t

voccrb#$#ry

x r sr*i. uudNs ii:r{J nr:,I:!ir-"\: il}y iir{-}!i{{-'r:*.

, 9r ! ^ ,".^ -L--""r ^-^--rt*:--" : ^ -l

Find and correct six speJling rnistakes.

fcr hsiP

::quaintance bald clasmate colleage freind -eigth identity keyring middle-aged neigbour :rcffession umbrella
I ook at the pictures. Correct three ',rkes in eacl-r description.

x * g

! reguiarly revrw l t''y

v;h*i I have !ear*t.

{* us*

Fn*lisl"l

t* **mma;n!*at*

ffru ide;lai

Add up yolrr total score and read what it lReans below.

Congratulations! You are already an excellent language learner. Keep up the good work!
You already have some very good language

lhis

is Carlos. He'.s bald and ', cr-l-eight, ancl he's got a bearcl. , ris is \-eronica. She's midclle-aged, :r h .horr dark curly hair.

16-20
1

1-1

:#*

te ,&:l

learning strategies. Now think how you can improve even more.
6-1

# g
5

You are starting to use the right strategies but

ceoking
,: Itittile,
age, job, farnilr. aucl r,vh'.rt their lsoft like.

*b
Then

need to be more consistent.

- ir.r qroups of three.A: throu'a dice to choose a person -: lror. B and C: ask questions about the person. Ask

0-5

Maybe you are finding ii difficult to make progress. Try some of the strategies above and

you could see a big difference.

'1es
,A

ar.rd repeat.

good friend

A neighbour

d family member vour first friend + new colleague or classmate

S * * *

Work in pairs and discuss the questions. Which of the strategies in the quiz do you use mosti
\A4'rich do 1.ou need to use more?

Give your partner suggestions about things to do.

Write two new things vou will trr, to becotne a berter language learner.

good teacher

Pcr?

l a.: .:a,.::a:a! at :jta:.aj,:,:141

?=*=
,-ira! ria:

V*e*bae

*m$"3,s

#ffid Sp*mkimg
in the box under the

${trffi!rT#

? Write the words

3 %'t,13 Read and listen to Tastes

comfottirzg on page 19.

correct heading below.

7*=z*a <*azz?+rei*g
'.-, -tl',:aC1'

1+.;attz=bE*

i'

7z a

t3.*

/z?

**4 * **LE 71'z :

bitter breakfast cook dinner eat fresh lunch saltY serve snack spicy sweet taste

Do you have a name for this kind of food in your language?

* Read the text again and rnake notes about each kind of comfort food under the headings name, clutrtl'y and ingredients. 3 Work in pairs and tell each other about the four kinds of comfort food in the text. 4 Do you have a comfort food? Tell your partner about it.
S You are going to read more information about cornfort food in different countries.
\Arork in pairs. A: turn to page 126. B: turn to page 128.

,42;*<ti{.,i+*r a ! s+ *z e:,

E?*yj

5r;,:i.iri:
t=caa

Food verbs

Kinds of
meal

dtt V*'s n=t:**

2t?

Describing

food

R Work in pairs and choose five questions

from the list below. Then ask each other the
questions.

You can use the noun taste when you

describe a flavour.
&as a i'ery swef isle. It is also the name of one of the five senses (sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste). You can use the verb fo tasfe in the following ways: fasfe + adjective

lhis cfioc*i*ie

* * * * * "

What meais do you eat with your family? Who prepares the food in your f-amiJy? What do you like to eat on special occasions, eg your birthday? What did you have to eat last night?
FIow often do you buy food? \A4rere do you do the shopping? Do you eat out a lot? What kind of food do you like to eat at a restaurant? What did you have to eat this morning? Do you have a favourite for-rd when you
are sad? What is it?

taste+like/of+noun
si4'et / bitt*r / d*lt*i*us / avsNttl. if lasles like ckk:ken. Ihrs wafer tesies cf appJes. You can say /f fasies delicious to give a compliment about food. Complete the sentences with your own ideas. * ... has a swe*t taste. , ! lik* i*ad that te6te$ . ". r ltlrir-ik ^-. tasles awfui.

ll lasfes

l'm going to ask you some questions about food and eating.
B:

oK. and dinner with my

A: What meals do you eat with your family?

B: I usually have breakfast

family. I have lunch at work.

1f$:r.;l'$

,r"

Gg"exffi"Bmmr h's a dish of pasta and meat. We are making nto dishes like this.
There i-r some meat in. tbe dbb. I like cffie. Can I haae a cffie please? We haue some meat but we don't haae umy vegetables.

. . . . .

countable nouns can be singular or plural uncountable nouns do not have a plural

form
some w-ords can be countable or

uncountable
\rse

slrne and ntry with plural nouns or

uncountable nouns
we usually use some in affirmative sentences antl ntty in negative sentences

and questions

'l

Look at these v'orcls from the texts. Decide if each re is countable, uncountable or ifit can be both.

cread casserole cheese chocolate cracker entil meat noodle pasta pizza potato sandwich steak sweet toast vegetable

C-hoose the correct r,vord

to complete the texts.

*p*trK*a,Rff
'm feeling sad, I always eal any / some - r<en soup. Very hot chicken soup with : ,..a. There isn'I any / a better dish for me.

g.

-:^

E Think of a drsh that you like and make some notes about it. Use the headings below
to help you.
lngredients

-:::

sJmmer I studied English in Scotland and

,': . :J with a / some host family. Scottish food ': f K. but they didn't have a / any good
: - ::=tbrot bread. lt was my comfort food.

Who usually prepares it When you eat it

Why you like it

. .:

==:. Two weeks later a friend from Germany and brought me some /any delicious

* \Vork in pairs and tell each other about your dishes.

l'm going to tell you about arroz con costra. lt's

i . - : -re I go back to my village in Turkey, . ,. -., mother to prepare baklava for me. : : : ry special cake, with a / - honey and

a Spanish dish and it's one of my favourites.

It's a rice dish. My father usually makes it in the

summer. You cook it with some meat ...

#**wmffi
t.:i::i T*:z
r

r:i1

.!

:!cer:!.; i r::

;*ty*l:
"t,p
a:z>';

Readimg amd Speakimg ? Work in pairs and ask each other these

Gnommmr
Do yoa er.t too mach food at rneahimes? Put it in the ouen for a few minates.

".-

r-+"-:e 1!z=

.oz:r*rE

ltiCt4u:rza

{e*;zrztii*,:= ltz !+i'r:, +

i!t*i*,

ze

?*,+" :1*? a={s,J#!.!

+;zse",'c:,

wi++yj
(:::*,:+.::,:::

r Canyou cook? z Do you like cookingl : What dishes can you make? + Who is dre best cook you know? 2 % ?"?* Read and listen to'lln secrets ...
fi"om. the world's top kitchens.

If you wnnt a lot ofjuice from

Tbo much salt in a soup?

a lemon ...

. . . .

vse lz
use

little

artd much withuncountable

nouns

i:,,.1:ir*!:: :. :;

Which secret or

afew mdmaryt with plural

1':t ?ize''e-i? ::?=+st

secrets are about ...

t':;,:t:,ttirlirr:t
:

a.,:

+-

i .:

-.35:

='*e:*

' food preparation? u food storage? c eating? a cleaning? . the kitchen? & Did you know any of these tips? Tick (rz)
the ones you knew.

countable nouns use 4 lot of and Qzot) enough with plural nouns and uncountable nouns use too mach / many to say there is more than you want

3 Read the sentences belorv about a busy head chef. Match the sentences 1-5 to dre
meanings a-e.

Do you know any other good food tipsl What are thev?

t z : + s " n " a " 2

He is always a ferv minutes late for work. He has a lot of friends at the restaurant.
FIe eats too many cakes and biscuits. He doesn't get enough sleep. He has enough work at the moment.

He doesn't need any more. He should eat less.

F{e isn't early.

He's often tired.

He has eight or nine.

Complete the questionswithmuch or

many. ln a typical day .,. o how meals do you eat? . hou' coffee do you drink? * how time do you spend in the

, how u how * how

eat?

kitchen?

portions offruit do you eat? water do you drink? junk food or f-ast food do you

3 Work in pairs and choose four questions from the list above. Then ask each other the questions. Use the expressions in the bor to
help you.
a

little a lot
much
too

not many

not

many

too much

lrc*x.1
tgts*s'

VoeebuEsry ond $peafu.ing

I Describe the difl-erences betu'een these .:ree kitchens.

. cowl .9ass
.:,./en

fire * kettle 6 saucepan

*
E

frying pan

a mug
e sink

. scoon

toaster

. -^ s kitchen looks like it's in ... r --er are ... in this kitchen and ...

in that

- :chen. :^ink this picture is more interesting. -'etet ...

?
3

i.\-hich kitchen do you prefer? \d,'hyi I icsnp!i!"u"'c bSdF&f tr{ rq4

ronune im?6*at
-;:,

'

:.I

Listen to the words below.

? Look at the pictLrr e of Zlto Shen. \A/hich

country do you think he is fron-r? \\l-ro you think he is?
dcr

.h
- -:

harre the

/k/ sound, v'hich have the

,,,und and which have both? \\hich .loes not have a lkl or a /tJl sound?

* 'W i.i '1 Listen

Shen and ans\\

.' chocolate cloth cook cup '.'< knife picture quick watch
.:e

(r

ro a short talk about Zacr the qtrestions.

n again and repeat. What are the

r \\'ho is Zao Shen? z Can )rou name one thir.rg he does? : ltrIhere can )'ou see pictures like this?
S Are there ar.r,v important belief.s about food or kitchens in t our culnrrei \\rhat are
ther'?

:,rn spellings for /W and /t[/?

-:
it#

ffiemdirug

i \\'trrk ir-r pairs. FIou'rnanv correct pirrases can you n-rake rvith the rvords
in the bor?
coffee glass

Look at the photos

ancl nar.nes

of

diff-erent people on page 23. Do vou knorv any of the narnes? \'lthat rlrinks are they associated u.ith?

cola
juice milk tea beer

cup
mug

* I don't know this

e I think this is ...
.r

name.

bottle
carton can

This is the name of a kind of coffee

beer.

/ waler /

water
wine

ft 1le :
ans\,\''eI.

i'r; Read arrd listen to the text 7/:e

people ltehind the

Language note: some uncountable nouns can be countable if we believe there is a container, eg two coffees means two cups of coffee.
1l:

th'inks.\Ahat do all the drinks havc in comrnon? Choose the best

" t .

Thev are all more than 100 vears oltl.

They'.rre all cold clrinks.

Thev are not Enelish dr:inks.

\\'brk in pairs ancl

ask each other thcse

questions.

"3 Read the text asain ar-rd complete the sentences v'ith the names of the clrinks.
l 2
.,,_-.
,,-

.__*,-_

+ on a hot summer's day? * in the morning, u-ith breakfirst? o after dinner? " in the udnter, when it'.s cold ciutsicle? ', when you feel sacl or rniserable, as a
comfort drink?

sponsors a famous bciok. ancl ..-*.,. -arefrom

France.

3 .--,.. .-".-- and .,.- are hot drinks. + .-...,....,. , .,, \\':ls given as :1 present. 5 u,-ere named ----, and --... monks. after
4. Do you knou' anv of these drinks?
\\'f iich
ones?

\\'hat other drinks

do I'ou like?

\\'heni

ffi
e
#
-.-

.:;.,ffit'

The

behincl
,r r"ii't 1,"9t tia'i;!r:1

ii

!,!tn!.!!ir.f

IIe wanted to rnake

a neu drink

tlr Louis Per;'ier was a dcetcr a:'r# p*!itieian inr th* s*uth of Frari*e. At ihe end cf the l Sti.: sentury h* g*t a j*b wlth a fsrnpatiy that made
ep*cial :xin*ral rnaater !n a h*ttEe. Th+ watsr was eriginaily p*pular ii: th* UK anel the U$, hui i* ncw avaiiabl* ar**nd ihe w*r!d.

It uas dfficah to anclerstand.

use the infinitive after some verbs:
ttgree,

forget, need, try, uarft

use the infinitive after adjectives Read the extr:rct from George C)ru'ellis I l;e ctrp of te a. C,onp lete the rulcs bv rvriting . or nothins (-) in each gap. Do vou agree , ith his rules?

A nice cup of tea

:
sn't easy to make a good cup of tea.
use lndian or

: .st of all, you should l:5t1sP""","u.

: s important make tea in small quantities * r a teapot. ' : r need make the teapot hot first. ......... put hot water in a cold pot. -:r't

::'ong tea is the best kind of tea. One strong -=a rs better than twenty weak teas.

- .:r'you
- shake the pot.

put the tea in the pot, stir it.

--*q!g-.

-=.

. use a good breakfast cup for your tea. s best in a good cup. put the tea in the cup - - - : forget you .,,,--,-- put the milk in. :':'e

meant

be bitter. Don't put sugar

-;ce cup of tea.

'.

:'ire some rules lbr how to make a drink .:re tbod that you knou,-.

-.

rk jn pairs and tell each other your rules.

-= ,,.

'':tftantto...
-= J LU ,.,

:s: ... to eat/drink is ...

-:'Eet to ...

ffii****ry
blind (adjective\ brewery
@oun\

_ __r9...

unable to see a place where people make beer

monk (noun) - a man who lives in a religious

community away from other people

O ! ^.tI ut

/1 ?

...
:

i:i! ;ii;l}ii:;

il!tt;::

v0e0nursry
? Hou,' many parts of the body can you narne in Engiish? \Arork in pairs and complete the words belou-.

&re

s-nrmsn

Hurnan beings need to drink water. to liae. What does water do to belp the body?

:+i:rirl :::l t;i.::.*t:,ijil

b ck e-r -rm elb-w f-ng-r f--t ha r h-nd he-d keelgnse * Look at the u'ords in the box. Decide if each part is inside (1) or outsicle (O) the
body.

\,'e use the infinitive to say

vhy we do

something

? Look at the pictures of diff-erent objects below. Describe what e:rch object is for using the phrases in the box.
breathe

li;i:: i'i t-1! t:.":tt:1s:t! :r:1:

rJ

underwater drink with

\Vrite I or

C).

make ice

serve drinking brain

cubes purify water water water plants

--nails *blood

bone

heart

muscle_
skin

You use this to water plants.

S \4/ork in pairs. How m:rny parts from exercise 2 can you see in the pictr.rre?
!-rsTefirng

? You are going to hear a talk about water and the hurnan body. First check you understand the words in the box.
breathe convert factor nutrients temperature waste
P" #IfF i.?t Listen to the talk and u.rite the parts ofthe bodv that you hear.

m'

Listen again. \Vhat do the numbers mean?

! Hs! {

afewdays 2 % 22% 75% 85-95% 92%

trs
a

&

Hou. much $'-ater clo you drink? Do you think you drink enough u'ater? Tell partner.

,f

..j'*i}
ti

'

ii t

i'
il

.t;

? Conrplete More *^nter.factr with t0 + verb frorn the box.

flush grow have produce

Fr*a?eim*&sfi*ra

.i,l:."

i.,,: Listen

ancl circle hoi,u.tl.re

provide

underlinecl u.ord is pronouncecl in each

selrtence.
It'.s too

cold.

You need to clrink more \'vater.

Around 2.5o/s of the planet's water is fresh water. The rest is salt water.
It usually takes between 50 and '100 litres - a shower.
It takes 5

ltal ltutl ltel ltutl

to the storv belou. then prirctise sayillg- the sentences. Pay attention to the pronunciation of ltal and ltu'^l .

g *;+ l. r'? Listen

-*

to 10 litres

the toilet.

You need 1,900 litres of water

--

kilogram of rice.
You need l
OO,OOO

---

one
t.

litres of water

-.-

one

.-

kilogram of beef.
On average, it costs 23 clean water for one person.

safe and

About 1.1 billion people do not have access -

to clean drinking water. That's about 1 in 6

people.

$pem6**rxg

? Use the prompts to rnake questions. * Floly nuch rvater / eyen- day? " Do / too little water? * Do / water before yoll go to bed? * Do / bottled \4.ater or tap weter? * FIou- manv bottles ,/ rveek? 3 \Arork in pairs irncl choose one of the tlsks
lrelor,r.

3 \\brk in pairs. Complete the sentences in

- ]rl1lry clifferent \,vavs
as

Vou can.

Ask caclr otltct'the questions From exercise 1.

:-t:*
:
r3

the sncp tc ...

"

il |i$e !^latei 10 .. . i :r;;:.q :.:,,-ii.:, :1;.

E lt:rke a similar questionnaire about a different drink, eg tea or coffee. Use dre questions in exercise I to help you. Then inter-vier,r another pair.

i:ji

'.tt:
a

,2

2C z& gc

,/
:r"".*
i
t,

\* :/
,.

L*xg***g* F,*c*s: *:*?{ng *r*i 1 Put the u.ords in the correct orcler to rnake useftil phrases,
\\'thich phrases do clrstorners
say?

',rtrffl"ff: l!l; I
at the pictr,rres of four different places to eat. !\rork in pairs and describe the sirnilarities and clifl-erences
betr,r''een
:.:.:. :arlji:.::it: r:..r

3 Looli

Mark them u'ith

a C.

thetl.
-:

:.r, l :;i:;:ii:::!li:fir:rt. .., r ni.i,:::,'..:::,:,r:f,:: : ..

* fast food

* flight attendant

* self-service buffet

" tray

to orcler vou u.hat like? here think I theret a rnistake. the I have coulcl bill? .+ vollr mcal vou did enjov? s medium small, or large? 6 fesen'atiolr lve've a got.
r'r'oulcl

t z :

l, I think this is in ".. It looks like a / an ...

e ln this picture they're ... and in this picture they're ... ': This one looks the most comfortable / expensive

7 s s *

over har.e to pav you there. thanks lovell-, it was. for tr,l.o, table please a.

',lrj,. -. 'r+ Listen and cl-reck your ans\\rers. Then listen ancl repeat the phrases.
lt' a! i-f

interesting.

ql;t*{ *a i *

I i,i"f

'',. F{ave vou been to arly places like these? \\'hich photo do r-ou like the best?
.

\,Vork in groups of three. A ancl B: you are customers. C: you u'ork in a restaurant.

.l:l:

'Iirrn to page 130 and choose

. ' . ..'-,Listen to three conversations. X{atch each one to a photo. There is one plhoto vou don't need.
.., Listen
rrq'ain ancl Ans\\-er the cluestions.

a restaurant menu. Then rclleplay a corrversation. Use the ner,r' expressions you have learnt.

Conr er-qrtior-r 1:

\\'ho is the lesen'ation for? \\-l-ro is readv to order: the man or the

$ ontan? \\lat is the problern rvith the fbod? \\1;rt sizc clrink cbcs the rnan have? Cou-ers,rrion -l: Does the u ornan har.e ant,thing else to drink? \\'l-rerc doe s s1-re ha\,e to pa1'?

Conr crsrdor-r l:

,'n'0rm

a.$p

L*mgx*exgs eea:s: !is*ing ingrediext$s

Choosc the correct sentence. t a It consists of rice and larnb. b It consists v'ith rice and 1:rmb. z " It's macle froil eggs and potatoes. t It's made for eggJs and potatoes. : a It's of vegetables, and r-neat and pasta. t, It's rnade with veg;etables, and tneat :rnd pasta. + a It is got rice ancl fish in it.

'
.
:

.,mplete the sentences u-ith the u-ords in the box. r ,lictionarv to help you. kebab

e:troot boil candy fry :-b sweets

- is a kind of meat.

. -

'',,hrit

is a sort of rneat disir. is a kind of vegetable. .. ancl .rre s\l'eet food made with sugar. ancl .--,-,-,---, ere t\\.tl u.ays of cookine fbocl.

I It has got rice ancl lish in it.

sg.

$pe#Ki$'r$

other u'ords could you use to corrplete these

?

$ Choose three of the topics

each on a piece clfpaper.

below.

\Vrite one example of

: llCCS

_ srerTrffiff

r ,Lr irre goine to listen to six people talking abor-rt fbod . :-.r,rke s them think of- home. Tiv to match dre nanres cif
:o
t1-re

countries.
pizza

* * * * * *

a ry-pical fbocl or a foocl

drink from )/olrr country

or drink that vou don't like a food or c'lrink that vou liked rvhen you were a child a foocl or drinlc frorn another country that i,'ou like \{rork in pairs and sr.vap vour lists. Can you
guess

::'sch candy kebab :::ritzel tortilla

"

the categories?

Tell each other rnore about the fbocl or clrinks

a,.:: :

on vour lists.
-:ll
,=;:.':a:.::::::.aa,::'

.:lr

1..;;'.r-:,ai

::.4:'':':'

.a-:

::?a1.aaa."::::t-:.:..:::::.

la:...: ::

: ,1::" :::, : - ::

., -rssia -

t:.'ritt

,s __*
:.
,

::fI11ilfl}r

-,.------

s lt consists of ... * lt's made from ... * lt's delicious! / lt tastes really good.

..i7-") ,;.'i Listen and check \rour ans\\rers.

--rster.r

asain and lnatch the speakers 1-6

:-

phrases a-f.

:.^e r 1: Mo, Iran -:.rker 2: Ciianfranco, Italy

- ,-cr' .l: Elenr, Rusria ,...ker :l: Marlies, Germanl,

-.

-:ker -5:Matt, US,--:ker 6: Sonia, Spain --

ud it is very tasty reallv. - :hink it is a very simple dish. )i course notPizza Hut but Napoli pizza. ', her- rernind me of grou-ing up in the United States. f,pical traditional food. 'r ,u most often have it v'ith French fries.

Reoding I Read Gustavo's description

of food in Brazil. Choose the
best title for each paragraph.
a

[onguoge focus: describing hobits I Notice how we describe habits.

Drinks in Brazil
Mealtimes

b
c d

,&, q
ai.:r:i::iii:!tr{li.?

We normally / generally / usaally have coffee with milk. People like to / tend ro eat quite late. ,:r.r

It
'l
2
J

is clmmln /customary to have barbecues.

Invitation to Braztl
Food around Brazil

2 Complete the sentences.

We

*t*ffiffi
,ffi

It

is

to have our main meal in the evening. to use chopsticks when we eat.
occasions, people to eat out. have a sandwich for lunch. for families to eat together. use fresh ingredients to prepare meals.

2 Complete the statements. I InBrazll, people tend to eat

2
3

On special People -

meals a day.

It is
We

4
5

The main meal of the day inBrazll is The national dish is The most typical drinks are -. Food and drink in Brazll are

Writing skills: using commqs IJse commas ...

to separate prepositional phrases.

ln my country, people normally have three meals a day. to separate items in a list.
breaffiast, lunch and dinner
t

Find more examples of a and b in the text.

2 Add commas to these sentences. I In China typical dishes are rice noodles and dumplings.
z
3

Noodles are made with flour eggs and rvater. For breakfast people tend to have coffee bread and jam.

Preporing to write I Make notes about food and drink in your country.
the paragraph tides to help you.

Use

Mealtimes TtTical dishes Drinks

Work in pairs and share your ideas.

a a a a

The main meal of the day is ...

Our national dish is ...

a
a

Aspeciality / typical dish is ... Our main / staple food is ... Our most rypical drink is ...
On special occasions, we have ...

Writing
Write
a description of food and

drink in your country for

a class magazine. Use your notes and the useful phrases

above to help you.

Unit 2 Writing

rromrffiffitr
-:rct the llistakes in eight of these sentences
, :ick (rz) the two that are correct.

"" BvotrjsfEns yorJr lsvlsufrge leGtrn$ns tr Work in pairs. Look back at dre unit you have just studied. Tell each other which parts you found easy

- :eed get rnore sleep. - rslish people drink a lot tea. 'r' ,u drink too lnany coffee.
--.e a coffee machine frrr rnake my coffee.
:

or difficult.

Think about what you har e lcarnt in this unit. Mark the statements a, b, c or d.

,s much biscuits do you u'ant? . - .,u1d I have a feu'sugar in my tea, please?

-

ls chocolate tastes bitter. :.rve too little eggs to rnake a cake. ,)'ri"r't forget buy some noodles. ,.'. important to eat enough fruit and vegetables.
,

a u . a

confidently and accurately quite confidendy and accurately with help from my notes or my teacher

with difficulry

i ean .."

ccobulnny
-- r tl.re correct option to describe each picture. ::lt / carton / can of juice ;rq / gkts-r / nrp of coffee ttt / Jiling pan / sa'ucepan ,n /,fitrk / kn(b .;t / -rink / rnict'owoxe 'gr'/ann/elltow .t/foot/back
:l /nttncle/bone
':ttn/e

* * x * *
*"

de*cribe rny eating

anrn drinking nabits

ask about eating anel drinking hahits

taik apout ouanliiies

descn[:e things in a kitchen
p!'onOunce the solrncis

ancl rj
drinks

find informati*n in a shor"t reading text

about containers
anqJ

& taNk

* *
S

under*tand a sirng:le Iistening pa$sage

deseribe how

t*

rilake a dish or eirink

/ z:egetaltle / li/serce/taste
:.::

toast

descrlhs pilrpo$e using fo + infinitive Work in pairs and compare your answers.

&ffi

Look at how Stefan has evaluated his language abilinr Underline the phrases which describe ability.
I tU44k I'm. qu.r'te gnd at u/4furrtal4j/lLj ren^lug texLt t/4 thg M.. satuclua"es I fhl it fuffu'Llt to nn d"erann'd thc
A41zruhj ?eqatet. I'm. nzt+vry gnd. at jrnmm.ar lx'tt wy k qu'tte gnd.. I'nted t0 ex7a'nl ruy wxabu/ay

ffiry

@ry

Sceoking cnd Writing ' -.', ,1;[ in gror-rps of three and ask each other the
-

-: ot-ts-

upean/'ly

*Pry E^!M.

need

ume

Ltt

t?eakn'1

' ,

-.''-hrt

-)

, r'or-r
't

did vou eat and drink yesterdav? have a healthy diet?

tt1.":;';-;--' : :',.':'
:::'

:'.,=::,;

5 \A/ork in pairs and describe your abilitl, in the areas below. Make suggestions about bow to improve.
Grammar
Reading Vocabularv

r I eat a lot of ...

Listening
Speaking

, i eaI / drink too much / many ...

. i

Pronunciation
Social situations

oon't eat enough ...

Writing

, rrk in pairs. You are going to have a parti, fbr - ,)ne in the clirss. \Vrite a list of the food and dr:jnkvou . . . :o buy. Then cornpare vour list with anrtther pair.

'.1,

to your teacher. Sav v'hat lou hl. t found easy and difficult in the classes so far. De'cril-'. your general language ability.

& Write a letter

V*e*h*isxrv *nd Sm*e*k!sr* J*1J t \{atch the words to the picnrres a-h.
manuscript painting photograph sculpture self-portrait
cave

art

old

sketch

statue

\Arork in pairs and describe the pictures. Use the rvords in erercise 1 and the useful phrascs to help vou.

Words in the same family: discover - verb discovery - noun discovered - adjective undiscovered - adjective

Complete the sentences u.ith the correct lorm of discor:er. ''i ih* arai:*ei:ic;isl* rr.::ij* an i$plriaii: near t** 1*wi: casti*.
; "...i.r' _.: i _ r-.,.,::..

ii
t This picture shows ...
c I think this is a picture of ... " lt looks as if + clause ... * This is from + time / place ...
j

'"::...
,-ici

*hulrl *as*li*ri.
_r_:j:-

l'.ic;;s ile.sl: i)::*ser-.

:lir*lrhe*c
-.:.._..,,,-,.

rr-r

.:* ,

"* :** "l.',,

I (really) like

/ don't like this picture ...

3p##Hsffiff
\4rork in p';rirs and choose one of the tasks
be1or,r,..

$:

H***i*g
; t= i .:,.. Rcacl and listcn to Discoxct'ed!
or1

page 31 ancl matcir each text to a pictr-rre.

There are lour pictures that vou do not

neecl.
-. i3 i .r.jr!e

,& Tell vorr partner about an object that is important in vour famill'. Use these qllestions to help you pfepare.

* Read the terts again and complete the sentences with onc or ffrore u.ords. r Tlre Verurs de llilo is a statue of z 'llre Wnts de f,'li/o is nou'in I Sorne '\{cxican lvorkcrs cliscovered

* \\''hat is the object? * Holl. olcl is it? * \\here did it corne from? ' \\/h-y is it important to vou?
s Ask each other these questions. * Do yon likc art?

r.::.r1-&
:.i.1,:.3&

::,1.::{!;

rr

- - ,--g r'* d
n:

sculpnrre rvhile ther. u.ere installing

\\hat
\\hat

's

. l: !r9

t*t

kincl of art do you like? Do 1'611 harre any art in volrr house?
is it?

.#a

The sculpnrre is nor,r. in . .. - ,.. The couple lrom n{ilri.aukee thouqht

1:'51

\\ho

is

it

br'?

't:
3,:

6 7

their \ran GopJh paintine' u-as Vtse itith Floiuet's sold frrr The rnan found the Declaration of
Inclependencc r.hile he rvas shopping at

Ilave vou ever been to an art galiervi \\hich onei

g l-}le

nranuscript

r.vas

insicle

21 *.-.-

rs.

4a@'

'.1i

ln 1820 a Greek peasant named Yorgos was working in his field on the island of Milos when he found several blocks of stone. Under the stones were four statues: three figures of the God Hermes and one of Aphrodite, the goddess of love. Three weeks later a group of French archaeologists arrived by ship. They bought the Aphrodite and took it to France. The king, Louis XVlll, called iL Venus de Milo and gave it to the Louvre. lt is now one of the most famous works of art in the world.

Under a street

A man and his wife from Milwaukee, US, asked an ari dealer to look at a painting they had in their home. While he was walking through the house, the dealer saw a different painting. The couple thought this was a reproduction of a Vincent Van Gogh, but it was in fact the original. On March 10, 1991, the painting Vase with
Flowers

soldlor $1.4 million.

At a market

:.,

r',:.

:l

archaeologist lnoun)
dealer (noun) peasant lnoun) flea market (noun)

a person who studies ancient so. :1

.
:

a person who se ls a particular prod-ici

a markei where old things are person who rvorks cn

s.

: ::

- a poor

a.a:-:' :r: : l

reproduction

(noun)

a copy of sonnethirg

YEII I

,:

-.:.:

|a...-

!.: I i...r t+

-:

tjFpgerN\r!

F qRAfrI''A* :'

ru

l>

fial

: i,=.4;

t'. :r :a,

"-41

\Aiork in pairs. Tell each other what you rernember about the $-orks of art from p:rge I1. Use the phrases belor'v to help vou. A Gr*ek psasant was wcrking in his fielC

Complete the texts r,vith the past simple or past continuous fbrn-r of the verbs in

brackets

vrh*n...
a..jt aila.a I rt .; itri:l jltt::=:!

,l:;:,:.1
:

1,:;,

ln 13,3 a cro,-r: of [4exicai: l,o'orkei s trt"tl puttins cjoivn el*ctrical cables u;hen ... .jrre dav an ad dea:er weet
-ro

ln 1978 workers Yukon when they

(d/b) -

*.1
"

behind an old casino in Dawson City,

(discovsyl"::".
(be) in perfect condition

!1.. tllii|at'::i

l1i tJ::a.;ir'a

i:.. !:.?

i isil

'r:arr and

more than 500 films from 1903 to 1929. The

tris,t'ife in 1,4'l*tr-,kee \ril.ile

:',,:t,. jl.. .:.::,):'
'. 4.4,,
a

hC lt.eS rva:krnJ

films *

+4"^.,-L I r!^ x^,.^^ tr )r uuqr U lg i ruu>= -..

a:

because of the cold temperatures.

:a

a+ . a:.t:,1 : i a;- t' l

t-} :,

:"rran

from PhiiaC*iphia was shopping ai

"..

,r.

{i^^ iivd t.
i. ::.:.

t.^-, Mdingi ^:., ?1tiLtI ---t

ln 1990 Barbara Testa, a librarian,

'*,-

(find) 665 pages of an old book while she

(/ook) through a trunk in

a',, : j:4:? a:: ::V:::.a,:

Check your ans\\rers in the texts.

her attic. The book

f;****^t vl uttEltEut
\Arrite the past simple forrn of the verbs the box. Nl the verbs are in the text on page 3 1.
ir-r

(be) the original manuscript of

the ,

'l

great American novel Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain.

arrive ask buy discover

Every day employees of the God's

find

get pay see sell *

Put the verbs into and irregular verbs.
tr:r,'o

take

House Tower Museum in Southampton. UK (put) therr bicycles against a black

groups, regular

rock in the basement. ln 2O0O two Egyptologists (vrsif) the museum. They -. (examinelother items when they . (see) .. .
the black rock. They (identify) it as a 2,700-year-

-.

Three weeks later a group of French

a'rchaeohgists

arriaed by ship Yot"gos was working in his f.eld. Wile he ztsas walking through the
saw a d iff,' rc t tt
pa i nti n g.

old statue of the Egyptian

King Taharqa. honse, the

d ea lc t'

use the past simple to taik about completed actions in the past use the past continuous to talk about an

E-,j,

i-'t {}z f.r

t a"l 1 t"t

t -'

a- a.

:::. a :,'\

:}.t' : : !.
-

:i,

:.:

a,

action in progress in the past the past continuous is common with a simple past action u herr one action interrupts the other

V*ecbasicry,u

3 \4hich of these things can volr see in the picture on page 33? armchair carpet coffee table curtains larnp mirror shelf

sola r,r all ra indor,r 3 \Ahich things do,vou

\A/here are they?

have in your house?

Reoding 1 & 2.34 Read

'

-. book The Picture

and listen to an exrracr from of Dor.ian Gnzy. What was

',:oening?

2 l\brk
.

in pairs. Choose two of these

,::rions and then discuss them.

Have you read this book? \trrould you like to? Dorian makes a wish by saying: 'l r ish that I could always be voung. I wish

. .

Glcs*ary
cruel (adjectivel huge (acljective) soul (noun)

:hat picture could grow old instead of me.' ],\buld you make the same wish as Dorian?
"r,\hv?

causing pain to people extremely large

. .

the spiritual pad of a person

Do vou think people are too concerned '.' ith being young in today's society? '\bur personality is u'ritten on your face.' I.\hat does this quote mean? Do you agree
,.i'ith it?

wit (nour) - the ability to use words in a clever way that makes people laugh

wrrTrng ? Read the opening sentences from four

short stories.

Fronune
'

iafion

1 ft i.33 Listen to some senrences from -: r\t. Tick (/) the verbs that have an extra
,":ble

in the past tense.

, I ,

i',

- looked rpen - opened:emember - remembered -rrok

- decided walked itop - stopped -rcicle

alk

,,',:::.+

::;-;:;r,, l.a:;: , i.:a?..\::4 i,:.*:a,,)iti1_;ra. *t-j:,. a,:1.*','.:

: ':iija',

jt:;

ta:::.,a::'a-.

iiq;;

il.,:r"lA,ir :::-t+ ,.i:jiV :,i:;: e.;:.::'. :';-::;.:+.

i-i'.,ai

2 ?ractrse saylng the verbs and the past tense

:.:, ;,,

=:
:-j

il')a:::

iii:1::,j:.,i1:...; :a:-.|::,1i.tj. '::,j ii: :.::+

i-r-t::rt-i

ji'l::liri,:,i::_

Hou'do you pronounce the past tense of --::C f-efbS?

Choose one of the sentences and continue the story. Write two or three

*scar Wilde

(1

85zl-1900)

more sentences.

asked discovered hated finished stened loved needed started ,',anted worked

3 Work in pairs. Swap your stories and add another sentence to your partner's story. Then retlrrn the story to volrr
partnef.

Oscar Wilde was an lrish writer of plays, poetry and novels. He was famous for his

wit and commentary on the

society of Victorian London.

V*amhu*&mr"y

Rearrange the letters to make the correct

li-orc1s

<(<
yapl

>>
staf wad

pots

wirend

ll

^4. I
cejet

saupe

*. t'k

,..:i. I-isten and check Volrr answers. Thcrr rcpc:rt t he r,r or',1r.

S I'Iatch the u.ords to the pictures on page 3-i :luLli()(:tssette -,,C,D

D\D
h ead

plrrr cr

$p**kdrxg ? Look at pictures a and b. Make some

notes o1-l the clifferences betu'een then'r. Use useftil lang'uage and pl-rrases to help vou. the

phones \ I P3 plrr er

record

recortl plrler video cassette ...--.Do vou have anv of these things at horne?

s classical music
e

* concert hall

t# ,,l,i Cornplete the instructions u-ith the r,vords in tl-re box. Then listen ancl cl-reck \rour ans\\'ers.
d$

conductor * guitarist

drummer

button down

off on plug up

watch

e orchestra

* play

" rock group

e e

This looks like ... The picture at the iop

/ bottom shows

...

* l\laybe / perhaps it's in ...

* \\brk *

in pairs and describe the

difFererrces bcru ecrr tlrc picnrrcs.

\\rork in pairs and ask eacl'r other

tl-rese

questions.

* \\'hat kincl of nrusic do vou like? * \,\here do vou usually listen to music? At *
home, at u-ork, on the br-rs etc? Do vou listen to rnusic rvhile vou are

u.orking or studr,'ing? \41hat kind of

tnusic?

\4rork in pairs. X"Iake a simiiar set of instructions for a CD or tr{Pl plaver.

- ;rening emd Wririmg

Grgrmme
People used

n"

'

- :re qoing to hear a lecture about -: )r\- of sound recording. Before

-::n. list the words from vocabulary
to newest.
' .:i& Listen to the lecture and check

'- ,; -l in order from oldest

to listen to masic on uinyl Vinyl records used to be popular. They didn't ase to baz;e CDs.

discs.

t!

. . .

use rxed. to

to taLkabout regular actions

- ra:\\ efS.

in the past which don't happen now

use used to to talk about siruations in the past vrhich arent rue now the negative ol used to is didn't use to

.:.n

aqain and complete the notes.

? Look at the picture below and rewrite the sentences wid'L used to.
In those days farnilies were bigger.
ln those days families used to be bigger. t Most women were housewives. z People didn't have lots of things. : Most families didn't have a television. + Some families had a radio in the living
IOOm.

Make questions with did and use ro. Add two more questions.

t What rnusic z Where 3 you &

you you

listen to?

go to school? have long hair? -

Mrork in pairs and ask each other the questions. m

G
- lnglish we can use the phrase the nineties :- Cescribe the years from 1990 to 1999.
.> at univeraity lri ft] fiineries. - nformal writing we can write the g1s. --e years 2000 to 2010 are sometimes called

ffi Gro-r**r f**us * 1. ;i,i.ri. 4,r'F w Oi.t .i . . ( r u."; r.- .... p:C.. .'.J
Fncmur*eistient

! % ?,3* Listen and repeat these sentences. Pay attention to the stressed
words.

'-= noughties.
.: -'ades.

,mplete t-he sentences r.rith tJre correct

ron t like musrc from 'r89).

. ^^ *^-^ ,.d>uurriilr i^

.- -

Mv brother used to olav the suirar. I didn't use to listen to classical music.

i]980*
lgBS).

/tna^ tnen\ lrvuu-i,eavt.

In connected speech, usedto is pronounced /jurste/.

',.as at school in

(1S/0

Underline the stressed words in

1.

grammar exercise

S % E.* Listen and checkyour answers. Then repeat the sentences.

Port

Voee burlcry
Match the words in bold to the words in Lhe lr,rx u ith sirnil:rr me:rnings.
.-.-_.-:.:aa

N"istening
Listen to the composer Anclv Price talking about horv he uses rnusic in filnrs and TV programr.nes. Tick
f-eelings he mentions.

1 ffi

':..;itli

:t.. ;r::!1j; + t* ii _' _.::rji:::li:

:,::la : iti-i:

: iglt;:!

I was feeling cheerfrrl todat because ... ... makes me feel very calm. Last u.eek I u''as miserable because ... I'm frightened of ... ... makes rne sleepy.

(r')

the

angry calm excited happy sad safe scared tense

I'm alu'ays anxious when "..

angry bored excited happy relaxed sad scared tense 2

2
tired
1 so

Listen again and choose the correct

ans\\.ers. Music used to be

has always been an

Complete the sentences in exercise thev are true fcrr you.

important paft of film and television.

lf you want an audience to feel scared / angry

e & i,JI I-isten ro four short pieces music. F{ow cio they make you feel? 4

of

then use violins, played very quickly and on a high note.

Gentle music on a guitar, piano or violin is

Ilnasine one clf the short pieces of rnusic is part of a scene frorn a fihn. Listen again and answer the cluestions.

good for love scenes / death scenes.

Choral music (people singing) can make an audience feel fense / sad. When the character of Robin Hood appears
in the programme you can hear trumpets guitars
"

\Vork in pairs and tell each other about dre scene you irnagined.

, o . , 5

\A'here is the scene? \Arho is in the scene?

Hou'do they feel? What is happening?

The orchestra used to play / usually plays in

front of a large screen showing the film.

\Arork in pairs ancl compare your answers

:^ use/ust in spoken English in different ways. - - ihasis:

' ' .* nf{l

-'=z^ anly: .- -aliss rne bared.

":=t avcnlltt'

..:i iike

his father"

'
:-

into thc fbllou,ing scntences. \\/hat doesjrzst

:r each one?
^+ - -li:1. -.1^^^^ lilledDU.

'' - ..'.-tlo'lheClf

:s

a mistake.

ls\rurai I lvanied.

::rking
,

cmd Reedimg

,. in pairs. \\trite clolrr thc namcs of )p g'lroups you can tl]ink of in One

'-,

-, u

'

ith anothcr pair and colnp:lrc f]rerr rlls\\cr tlrcsc tltrcsti,rrrs. ) nllsic popul:rr in 1'our countn'?
listcns to pop lnusic?

,lr like pop

music?

' Reacl ancl listen to the extract \ick Ilornbs,'s High Fidelitl .Ilorv does .'ic nrakc the rvriter f'eel?

,,frlt
', oLr
t-t
t

Pairs ancl discuss these

think tl're author is bcing serious

thinks British people are verv

'. \\ riter
.:

tn\.i

l.etl of violence in videos.

people in I'our colultrv \\orrY about Dci vou thinli it is a problemi

nce*nr" extremely unhappy

melancholy (noun) - a feeling of being very sad and having no hope miserable (adjective)

sld q&f

s c'

"ryHr

sle I s 8"1 dss HF#

T \4rork in pairs and look at the pictures fronr four difl-erent Ilhrs. n{atch the pictures to the types of film in the box.

L*#geixfie ftreL,$; trsrir'i# #EStrffreeiffi#

d6

uf"d

ffi

ft#

action comedy drama horror musical romantic comedy science fiction thriller
Describe the sirnilarities and differences betr'veen the pictures.

1 Read the sentences and markl for agreeing, D fbr disagreeing or l for in betu''een.
T rgree. Absolutely.

ft

/ Definiteli,r I don'r agree (rt lll). Well. rrrrybe brrt ...

S \\hat

kjnds of films do you like?

Yrru're absolutely right. That's what I think too.

:4.;,!.:j::.-j::ii:..!7::"::::;::::":..:.:.:.,, .:tt rt+l ::. :!::i:..j

a::=.1,4i;!i;:ti':'..m: :i:,.: ,j::;.jr.l.:+:::r...:.1.t 11.....;. :

r
:

r:

Oh plea'ei That s right. I sort of agree

e in black and white
E xa

disagree but ...

* costumes
e madial arls
.3iliiji:illil.;*
j

r'tlr

'.ryii I =i.- Listen and check your answers. Then listen and repeat the phrases. Try to copy the intonation.

;i!;:

-.:::,,,:,:r .,

* I think this one is a / an ...

s l've seen
a

Spec$<&*g
Wbrk in pairs
ar-rd

/ l've never seen ...

choose one of the tasks below-.

This could be from lndia / Germany ...

$ t?#m&ridn FFl*sksrr!!#

T 4:F

i.Gr;-.i.;1.* Ljsten to three conversations about fihns

and match each one to a situation. There is one siruation t-or-r don't need.

& Complete these sentences with your ou-r-r icleas. * Jir''o great fiIms are --- -- and * Tu,'o great actors are ancl - * The best musician from rnv countn-is --,,-* The worst kind of rnusic today is
-

Compare your ideas ll'ith your partner. Do you agree

" t . a *

An inten'ieu.situation, perhaps on television or on raclio. -\ couple deciding u.hat to rent at a D\iD shop. Tro frientls corning or-rt of the cinema. A te acl-rer giving his opinions about films to a cl:rss. l-isten aq'ajn and ans\.\.er the questions.

or disagree?

&

Decide

hou,-

much you agree or dis:rgree u'ith these

statements.

Conr-ersrrtion I : Did thev both like the filmi Conr crsrtion l: \\h:rt kinds of films do thel' talk about? Conversation -l: \\l-rat kind of film cloes the \vorrran \\ ant to \ce:

* u * u

-N{usic used to be much better.

Hollvu-oocl alw'ays produces the same kinds of films.

There is a lot of exciting new art around todav. Art galleries and museums are important for socieq-.

Compare vour opinions with your partner. Do you agree

or disagree?

The'power of music
by David Crystal
'-s c has the power to engage all the emotions - from excitement to relaxation, from tears to : -: ,'.'hy does it have such power over us? The clue lies in babies.
laughter.

--: :.:

,',,ord

lullaby has been in English since the Middle Ages. lt's one of several, such as rockaby and

' -s^aby, which show how generations of mothers have helped their children fall asleep through music.
es can hear in the womb about two months before they're born. Newborns prefer their mother's And they show preferences in music too. One research study played the ::-e tune to a group of mothers every day throughout pregnancy; another group of mothers didn't -=:" ihe tune. When all the babies were born, their head-rate was monitored while the tune was : .., ed to them. Only the 'musical' babies reacted to the tune.

: :e to that of a stranger.

#{*ssery
clue (noun) - a piece of information that helps you tc
understand something

longer (adverb) monitor

(verb)

more time regularly

--:'e s something special about the music of the voice. From the moment a baby is born, the *::^er talks to it in an unusual way. Her voice ascends and descends from very high to very low - ist like singing in speech. And infants soon copy. You can hear them trying to sing from around

- to

check something

stranger (noun) - someone

who you do not know

-: months of age. ': rdy, of both speech and music, is especially ;- ficant. ln another study, infants were shown two
singing one.

::ires of their mother. ln one she was singing and in

-

-:

= other she was speaking. They looked for longer at

-3ing also simplifies our vocal behaviour: words are :-::n shorter, sounds are clearer and repeat more often, '^: they often rhyme. Nursery rhymes work so well :::ause they combine these effects * clear rhythm, =:eated sounds and rhyme. ln the music of speech ,s the foundation of poetry.

-inlIL! ?

t:ga UM

i&
rhl,rne .,r,ith the rvords in the bor.

Reacl thc text aeain.

\\hat

do these u'ords ref-er

toi

,ti.* ,h. nurserv

3

\no\\i this lhlrne?

ows

fall

s thenr (line 12) r it (linc 2) 6 one (line 18) z It (linc -3) z ther. Qnre 2l ) r that (line Q 8 thcl- (line 22) + it (line I l) * \\rhich of the facts in thc tcxt cio 1.6vq1 think are the nrost
interestingJ? Conrprre vclur icleas n'ith rt partner.

:.-a-bye baby on the tree top,

' : - :1e wind
.-- -.

. :'adle

will rock,

':, -

L*nga;mg* $*ews
Look at the u.ords in the box and put them ir.rto n\() grolrps tnttsic or ltnlties.Then translate tl-rem into vour langr.tage.

:1e bough breaks

: 'ad le

will

-.

- ,,

,,,'ll come baby,

.-:

and

-.,.
are thevi

born infant melody musical nursery pregnancy rhyme singing tune womb
F

- ,. ou rernernber anY nlrrserv rh\.rnes in \.our

- -:: \\''hat
-r,; M"$
-

l.

*p**Kf
. . . . .
- i

ie

st#
zrncl

\\rork in pairs
:

ask eacl-r other these qucstions.

,.

r l tl.re text. \\,-hich sentencc is the best sulnnun'?

:1

-ic lrcl poetrv arc 1inhcc1. : .rle afl-ectecl bv rnusic fi'orn a verv voung aqe. ,irs arc rnore sensitive to rnusic than aclults. ..rbies are an English inr-entiort.

dicl t'our Inother or father sing to you? \\Ihrr :.n 'l clid you har,e a far.ourite record or groupi \\-hrt rt,:. -:

did l'ou plar,' an instrunrent? \Vhich onei clid vor,r har.e music class rt school? Dicl lon
dicl ,vou use to sing? \A'hat sons-si

.n',

-:

iiliili:itntai::i:u1:J:r

ti:!:i:rlni:ii!ri11"::

i:r.l, :::

Reoding I Read Stefano's

1

2
review of a concert

Find 12 more places where Stefano with a comma.

has joined sentences

he went to and answer the questions.

3 Join some of the sentences

using and,but or

so.

2
3

Who gave the concert? What sort of singer is he?

Where was the concert held? What happened during the concert?

Longucge focus: cdieetives

Make your writing more interesting by avoiding words llke nice, good or great LTse your dictionary to find different words.

4
5

Did Stefano enjoy the concertl

Improve Stefanot writing by using these words in the text.

moving

power{ul talented

tender and expressive

Freparing to write I Think of a concert you have been to or would like to go

to. Make notes about it. Use the useful phrases below to help you. Paragraph 1: \44ro was the concert given by? Give some

information about the performer.

Paragraph 2: Where did the concert take place? Who was in the audience? What happened during the concert? How did you feel? Paragraph 3: What happened at the end? How did you
feel?

Work in pairs and share your ideas.

r The concert was given by ...

. lt was a live / open air / sell-out conced. . lt took place in a stadium / a concert hall / a field.
The hall was full /packed / half empty. The audience cheered / clapped / shouted. e The music was brilliant / powerful /moving.
a e

Would you enjoy the concert? Why?

r I felt excited /

moved

/ happy.

Writireg ski!!s: sen*enees I You cannot join sentences with a comma. You need to
start
new sentence using a fulI stop and capital letter. Stefano wrote:
a

Wriring
Write
a review of a concert. Use your notes to help you.
i i

Last summer I went to a conceri given by l,/asco Fossr. he ls

one of ltaly's most famous rock stars.

He should write:
Last summer I went to a conceft given by Vasco Rossr. He is

one of ltaly's most famous rock stars.

Qir.

-- rWritino

rromm&r ' -,,r.np1ete the sentences r'r-ith tlie past sirnple or past
:r.rLror-rs

forr.n of the verbs in brackets. (ttot /

p,r-y

eomverssfiom perfnerx I \Arork in pairs and discuss these questions. , How often do y'oti speak English outside class every
week?

l,r\\'

lnucl1 lve
(-,r'air)

'.i,hen

for that paintinc^? anvthing. It was :r present. ) (ttrri-"te) at the cinerna, our friends
b,ou / pt1,)

" " r

In what situations do you speak English? For example, with friends or family, at $'ork, in social siftiations etc.
\d4rat do you talk about?

for us.

- ', il
:

q'randfather

(fir|
(zuork')

rile
{e ,

he
(sell)

in his attic.

valuable ruen rLscript

How can speaking outside

speaking abilir.v?

class help to improve

your

it to the rnuseum for more than half

nillion dollars.the sentences r,litl-r tl-re correct firrrn of trsed to rhe rvords in brackets.

L,rrnplete

,,

\hat kind of cre a childi

music
I

$,ou

listen) to when you

(nor

One way to praetise speakinq is to rneet with a con\rersation partner hetween classs" Your partner t:an be sorneone from your English olass. You ean use some of your tinre togeiher to practise what you have iearnt in elass.

(lisren) to pop rnusic. I

clcl r-rou,-.

/ like)

-..rssical music then, but

--

\A,.ork in pairs. Make arrangements to meet conversation partners this week.

as

''ocobu!cry ' lclcl the definitjons .

*
and cornpJete the u,ords.
o c
h

Deeide on a time and plaee to rneet.

.rrq-e 9rou1-r of musicians u.ho use

rjtrlrments to plav classical rnusic )Lr can listen to live music here

ln school, befbre or after the class? In one persor-r's house at the r,r''eekencl? In a brlr or caf6 in tl.re evenir-rg?
C)n the phone?

.n irnirge of a person or enimal,

. 1 . "

:rrde of stcx-re, metal or u.oocl , )Lr usuallv put books on these

Decide lrow !ong you will rneet for"

s s
it

For fifteen rninutes? For half arr houri

Sorne other length of tiruei

tnrrrlortable objcct to sit

--omplete

\\rord. the sentences rvith tl-re correct f /

orr

,v Eeeide which of theee topies you wouid like tc

talk about. Add your ovrn icleas. Filrdine out about each otl-rer. taste in :rrt, music or books. Things I'ou usecl to do in a previous school.

- rrsed to be angry / tense / igl:tened ofhorses. \.ulna :rlu.:rvs has a happl' face - she'.s a sad / chcejiil

\bur

..rrtr/ person. - irirte exams - thev make rne nnrirtn / relaxed / sle ep\,. \s a chilcl I usecl to feel verv nisernltle / bored / excited ,irout goinlf on holiclay - it u,as the best w-eek of the
i'.1f.

Feelingp that,vou had this u.eek. Some thing's that vou dicl this u.eek. Instructions fbr using solnething.

Speoking cnd Writing " :,\irrk in p:rirs. You are ill in bed and feeling rr.riserable. , i our partner hor,v to fincl your favourite music ancl plav ' :-- \ our music player. Thcn s$rap roles lrrd repeat.

4 N{ake some notes after the meeting.

\\,'hat was dre most he1pful or interesting part of

the rneeting?
t
3

,\ ork in srnall groups. \drrite four sentences about vour .lhcrod using z.iel to or didn't use t0. One nrust be fa1se. ,.; it in turns to read out vour sentences and tn' to guess ' 'h one is false.

\Vhat was difficult? \Ahat will you do differently next tine:

Serf l

qf***"t, "fiSJl 4 **-" ? "s.sLLd F;'nF

d
:'r

$?*mdcr'*g

? Look at the phrases belorv. Put thenr in order frorn most importent (1) to least import:rnt (4). Compare yoLrr answers u.ith
paftrler.
being being

E Read the text U/han I g'oi; the children talking about?

a

zlp.

\Irhrt

are

good-looking

being intelligent

rich

having good health

in bold in exercise I to tl.re u,ords in the box u'ith silrilar meanings. There are two r.vords in the brix that vou
X,'Iatch dre rl'ords

" u " *

Their hopes for their or,vn lir,'es ancl their

fanrilies

Their

l-ropes

for the

r'r'orlcl

Both a ancl b

Read the tert again. \\Ihich qlrotes irre the most interesting frrr you? Choosc tr'vo clllotes and tell x partner.

clcin't neecl.

* * * *

\\rork in pairs. Choose tu.o of these

Do,vor-r tirink these children :rre

awful beautiful clever excellent handsome smart terrible wealthy

well-off
wonderful

questions ancl then discuss thern.

optirnistic or pessimistic abor,rt the

funrre?

i3 Look at the n^'o extra s.ords. \A/hat rre

they synonyms of)

Do children in

1'6111

colrntrtr- have similar

Look at vour list frorn exercise 1. Do 1.ou think your order u'as different in the P:rst? Horv abor-rt in the funrre? Complcte the
sentences and then compare r'vith a partner.

hopesi Did vou have sirnil'.rr hopes u'hen you ivere a childi

Wher I virs yclricer i prcbabi"v Lh,;r:gil ... was

rrrrs inpn$iill.
... t;ll! be
lr.ta:ttJ

ifrD{ifi.rri-:i:rvitsrt i'n: ,;l**l-

wF{hE

* ,",

.:,
"':'\nfil\

.ff\unn

a as I can. ^o \oflq 35 \one

a,.-.- tt.:':,::

aa: t-.=... ..-. z;*it:l

Wu;t #Wi #ffiffiw :.,

so(il
I hope that People in m) iareasa\i

,: .i,t\S-. ,e,,.1 ! ,i,:,.,t;i;,j.i,::;:.

.

\${ar*\o\Ne::srhe\
\Nne

do s.methins

bad

|,dtiketohavelotsotm0ne\:-.1'"?4....}''t.t?1*i,@
,--.o't

:*lj21t+

:' .-,.,,.,:.,1,2

j'i'j"z " * - :'-=":;i:{"{5*{+'3}'':'*"*n"u:;"t rzop.c

11

W
tuly

/ hope

to

- c\ann\ng t"

*':j,-! 3':2, a- ,, --^\{a{e\"no\*u,sdrtterentlanguagesry,-r,.,r;;,,*,:,totofrn0ney :t'::i-;1;: i*"t-',i*{ My family is gning

rnum
\hoperhatrni

and meets s0meone

has

baby'

to find u hn, a &0X fif' *:.

^,"7 -' trff's{l&

...::i 1-.:,.:, a:=.,: !::: r,-

Gromrngr
I bope to haae a lot
of monej,.

* Complete the text using the correct forln of the words given.
The hopes of children
ln a survey of English schoolchildren, researcher Cathie Hoiden found that. for their personal future, the ma.iority of boys and girls hope fo go / going to university or college. They also all hope geffthg 1 to get a good job. More boys are planning fo pass / pass their driving te$t than girls, and more,girl$ are looking forward to have / having children.
For their local ara, children in the repod said they hope for less violence and fewer poor people" They also said that they would like have I fo have more parks and places to play. The majority of boys and,girls are looking forward ta tiving / live in a world without wars and an important number of them said they would like things to get / gefting better in the developing world.

I could like
I

to be super intelligent.

lookingforru:ard to being older. I'm going to be a fun but good teacher.

nt

o . . .
1

rse haPet Pla,n, want and zuould like to talk about future hopes that aren't definite
use the
use look

infinitive after
like

hope, plan,

want

and would

forward to to talk about de6nite

future plans
rse be going n to talk about things you have already decided to do
FIou- rnany correct sentences can you
#reE:c1|tt#r *+e*g

* {:t'.}':i:t-',:.},t ,t

r,ta),4

-:,^e ri.ith the words in the table? Use the -: r: to help you.
hope

of the icleas in the box that you u.ould like to talk about.

)peaKrng ? Choose three . n

l.

going

looking
forward planning want would like

get

a good

A place you hope to visir one day Something you hope you don't do in

tJre

getting

job.

" * * ?

ftrnrre Something you're not looking ltor-ward to A person you'd like to meet one day A person you're going to see today

Work in pairs. A: tell B about your ideas. B: ask for more information.

Swap roles and repeat.

'
dad t0 f d liKe my

..:,;,llt..i|.::.;i.;::1:i:.:1:i'::1]irilwanttooe$00d-lookingw . ;r i:-;:';"c'da\t"En fu\JAiS **fai,ce' n+,, h.^ I tt* wAiS *eca;se reY hrcths,-*
rne .ne
^ -, ifa,
t,,tit

understand

**,

@i,C
I ;ihe t* t'AVe i 'rriv rv --

*E?: r*E** *^* nftil'dLru; "iir i$b;) u*

rrr$

e'4

. 1.". l:;: ,,,r., ri:r!r-i':.:ii-1 :":,..::, '1 .'i

i''

ii:it

i:t"i

i;lilfil i*ilti?*:l

rtr,. in ,^ "' the

, I

ar,ht

wary

tn ,u

hAVo

- -_ n. d

,ilant to be

WlS0.

\\\\ Y t*,qtirnq\ow

o " "" oo oorru'lllh lta0o0d{{tte'l'dlikepe0pletogroLu,-'u@tolh^' u difference lta'ooq "'oeher;a or,

-r 'nrite' v,
to

rr-'

l'd like pe'ple t0 Qrn'^'

/d t'ku

'ace

ho(rse

-'

otb
Hc:,.*: -,:.:

{*oo*l,,io"u s#rsu i istening q:Mt"#&!r(H ^*u{ tu T Snrclr'the graph irbout fbreien aicl
bcloui'lhen lvork in prrirs
qLresti ons.

V*ewba*Xmry

ffi

md Frmmumqiwtism

r\'Iatch the rvords in the Lrox to tl-rc

ancl cliscuss the

definitions belorl''.

" e * s 6
S

Does irnvthing about the qraph surprise

1'OU?

disease homelessness hunger natural disasters pollution poverty war

Do vou knorl,
FTave

any- aicl

orglnisrticins?

\\11-rat are ther'?

vori ever qir.en monev to :rn aicl or:ganisation?

Do \ou think riclr countries shoulcl e'ive lnore ntoney iu fbrciqn aici? Do 1,'ou kttolr. an'one u-ho u.orks for an
aid orqanis:rtion?
:1.:.,;'

r z : + s 6 z *

people c1o not hale enor-rqh moneJ,' people do not l-rave a place to lir.e people do not have enoush foocl peopic are sick

countries are fightinq cach other

\\,eather or environmerrtal problerns such as floclcls (too much rvater) or earthrluakes (u,heu the earth rnoves) the air, water or land is dirtv'

:.':,, Listcn to t\\,o aid urrrkers talking about their next job. Pr-rt the intcn'ieu'er'.s questi(x-rs itncl cornrnents in the cclrrect orcler.

IIou. did vou beconre aid u'orkersi \{"hrt is the r.r-rost ilrportant tlrirrq in vour jobi
So, tell us lbout vourselves.

tl-re r.iorcis

Conrplete the pronunciation chart with fi'om exercise 1.

O
\ tr

Oo
ttltlttral

oC) Ooo

oOo

'I'hanks for vour time. \I'hat are I'ou eoir.rg'to do tl.rere?

-L

tt'.+ : ,::. Listen ancl check vour :lns\lrers Tlrcn repcat tlte ir r,r'tls.

Listen again. \\l-rat do

tl-rese worcls rnean

in the listcnins?

Danish
two years

Guatemala

ago

village

\\rould vou like to u-orli lirr an aid

?

org'anisation

\,\'h1'?

This graph shows the percentage of GNP (Gross National Product) that developed countries give to foreign aid. The grey line shows the average percentage of all OECD countries.

E
! f

TR E6'

T g
N 3

Srommsr
.ti
:
ar"e ;:e

going to work u:ith the children there. ot'ganisation is star.t)ng a nezu project in
ne,yt

ttittemalo

)lear

. .

use be

goingto to talk about drings you

have already decided to do use the present continuous to taik

about future plans, often when they are already arranged

Read the text and decide ifthe :crlirrcd pilrts rlre correct or inc,rrrect.

.n correct the mistakcs.

Susana:wgfk foie]Spanish.iNGO..:in Madi'id;, The organjSa!'o*,tt *tnrt a,trroie'C-!. next,.,.'',.,, .month ioi.EthioBia,r S'usana,
:

is:

going'{or

Wo

rk,
:i . ir

with a :bcQl::womenls.:qfganisati.on,jnrthe,],

r,,'

country..T6g9!hei:tl]6y!!!pj$h{
Susana:,i53oin$lOj

p,,,,',:,

an educalionalprojeet:fq-f,paegnant:women.r,

.
.,,:

ilq,.EthiqpiaVtjth',a., . group of doctors. 'l'm a bit nervous, but I've

been tO:Afriea,bdfciie-.anld,:!::know,,Lthiopiit;,1, .,,rr

n"

""i!:.

:i.sre-itt,broieCiil.:'

Complete the questions with the present ntinnous or be goittg to.

.l

$w *S.
r:'-!
/:!l,l

:,x-$\'

t,,

\: \44rat

(r/o) after class? (gu) away

B: Meeting a friend. you -\: next sununer? B: No, I'rn staving here.

.\:

you English book this year?

(r'earl) an

Reoding ond Speekimg

\'Vork in pairs. Read Puntltnn's ltot rnd then discuss the questions,

B: Yes,

am. I have a detective novel want to read.

you

(uork)

. \

tomorrow?

4ry do you think the Ancient Greeks thought hope u.as

dangerous?

B: Yes,

arn.

I start at Saml
you

{:
B: Yes,

English next year?

(stufu')

I think

so.

3 \\'ork
*
z

in pairs and ask each other the '--stions from exercise 2.

tar;ezt:*c&r $+r r:

Did people use to have more hope twentyyears ago? A hundred years ago? Are you a person with a lot of hope? \ilhy or w-hy not?

g -,.:r:

i.L

ii

: i

r:'ri

i-;

i"

!-i

:,

Fqrt 3

li'.!+*.r :ri i i

+::

i!'a: i,{:::

KQdEffiS

4 t z

i:!i

i',:!i{::!:!} * *;;t:i.'1-.
i:"+ r.:?:iq: t+':

i'':'ij:.
.::-.:

T \Ahich novels do students in vour country usuall),'have to read at schttol? Did You read them:
Look at the titles belou' cif three famous books that students in manv Englishspeaking countries often sntdy Do you
knor,v anv of these books?

Read dre sumrnaries again :rnd decide if the sentences refer to 1981, Braue !{eu Wor/d (Blllla or A Hand'mnitl's Thle (HT1. \\ron-ren u'on't be able to have children.

There'll be only three countries in the

u'orld. There u-ill be a nuclear disaster. \Ve u'on't have \\rars. --Babies u'ill be born in firctories. -The government r.vill control people's thoughts. -Lore r,iill he a crinre. frclm disease. .--People u'on't get sick -

ti:::t :.::

.;

gi]:r:.:rr:i

arij

r+r!,

:t::1

4-:'e. :.:.!i Read and listen to dre surnmaries and tick (r'') the f-eatures they have in cornrnon.

: + s o z s $

" u . a

The storv happens in the funrre. The governnent controls even-thing. The ston'happens in Eng1anc1.
People are happy
-

Look at the sentences in exercise 4. Do vou think these things u''ill happen in the future? Teil a partner.

a lt's possible.

e l'm sure ... won't

* I don't think ".

e Maybe ...

* l'm sure... will ... * I hope not.

frlnee qnr v!essqr J

Nineteen Eighty-Four

dystopia (noun) - imaginary place or situation where everything

is very bad

The author: George

interlile (adjective)
air, water or land

Orwell (1903-1950), The novel is set in the future, but it is the year part of the 1984. Winston Smith lives in London, country Oceania. There are three countries in the world: Oceania, Eurasia and Eastasia. Big Brother is the leader of Oceania. The government controls everything, even people's thoughts. Winston works for the government, but he is getting tired of his boring life. He meets Julia, another worker, and they fall in love - a crime in Oceania. The government discovers their secret, and Winston and Julia must go to the Ministry of Love, a centre for enemies of Big Brother.

not physically able to have children

on

'"n""fr
. *..{+

pollution (noun) - chemicals and other substances that have a harmful effect revolulion (noun) - a situation in which people completely change their government or political system totalitarian (adjective)

#kAg,

a -#i

controlling a country and its people in a very strict way

underground resistance (noun) - a secret organisation that fights against the

qroup that controls their country

A Handmaid's Tale
ln the future a revolution replaces the government of the United States with the totalitarian Republic of Gilead. Because of pollution and nuclear accidents, many women are infertile. New laws create the job of handmaid, a woman who can have babies for rich families. This is the story of Offred, a handmaid. Offred works for Fred, a commander, and his family. She wonders if she can get away, and learns about an underground resistance from another handmaid. But there isn't much time. lf Offred doesn't get pregnant soon, she knows they will send her to the dangerous colonies.

Brave New World

London, 600 years in the future. The Controllers are the rulers of the world. People don't know war, poverty, disease or pain. They enjoy leisure time. spods and pleasure, but they are not free. The Controllers create babies in factories. Adults are divided into five social classes, from the intelligent alphas lo the worker eps/ons. When a man from a wild area of the world gets to London, he criticises the society. ln the end, he

"as to choose between joining them or dying.

r romm#r
. ;:tre will
'-,1,1.
be

only three countries in the

Voecbulcny I Look at these phrases with ger from the

\Vrite them next to the correct meanings of ger in the table below.
summaries.

i- uten wontt be able to haue children.

t z

. . '

vse will and wlvx't to talk about future predictions use will / uon't be nble ro to talk about ability or possibility in the future

\4,tinston w-orks for the gor.'ernment, but he is getting tit'ed of his boring life. \V}ren a man frorn a wild area of dre

world

ger^r

to Londrm ...

I If Offred doesn't get pregnant soon ... + The popuiation gets oll their infonnation
from the television.

R.e

ad the text about Fahrenheit 151.

':rplete the summary below by reu'riting

Soon Montag gsl.r i.nterested in the books

. :nclerlined sentences v,ith will / uon't ot

;:ott't

be altle to.

Meaning of ger

beconie
recelve

gettizxg tit'ed

atflve

2 1 2 3 4 s 3

Match the phrasal verbs u'ith gel to the

get around a return (from a journel) get away t travel get back ,,"..,$:9,1!urt,'of,bed ,,.,.1,.i, ,..;:,.; get together:,d,t,leavql escape ;. ;,-.':. , . ' , , get up ,,e.:spe d ti.mewith,som,eo'ne

correct definitions.

Workin,paigq,and alk,eaehotherthe,,,,, questions.,. :,:.: :,.'.'.1'.],,,:

lmagine it's a perfee!;.utcpian world ...

n
- Rav Bradbury's vision of the future ...

What time do you get up every

dayi

'^. government will control society through "= media.

' * o '

\Ahat tjme do you get back honre {iom workl ,';; . .,. Wrhere {s.you geta*a}awhen you
need a holiday? How often do you get together with iriends and family? Hor.r do you get around? \Arl-rat kind oftransport do you use?

2 Read the definition of tLtopia. \A'rrite five

--,licrions lor a lirrure utopia.
utopir (noun) - an imaginary place or
.ituation in which everything is perfect

''

-,97s32"771llu*.';

?+ret* -" ii:t:rli:11-;i::ii: ii .i:lf :i,}:,i,:,i: .:: :::::r*;'-'i:i:t ,i i:f,iill',. r,:ir

+
:

==;s

l,:lj

*E 4@',*g

re,=
+4

F e **-5 j "b -F-F a '' ;;-,.4'+ryeia

-lEl-

;.-

*= .,'E h ,"r 1+hs + {. "rl-. i*"-

Port 4

'ii;i&*,-{:=!! :.:,rii }++1}:+.:::

Voeobulary 1 Look at the pictures and complete

v'orcls

Listening
the

with dre correct vowels.

,4r] ;i:xi!1:"+il:+:iil tf f,iia!

i li:j::::::[.t. Fr..?+r+ 9llii+: *i'*r;;,:,:

2 % i "li Listen and check vour ans\\''ers. Therr repeat the wortls.

I Look at the film poster on page 49. Hou does the poster describe the film? \\hat do you think it is about? 2 % L5? Listen to people talking about the film and check your answer. 3
Listen again. Are dre staternents true

.::lr?l::iir::j

*!i;*+
*

g+ s,:.lts t"; "6+

(7) or false (fl?

Speaker 1: FIe sar,r,' the film a feu. years ago. Speaker 2: She didn't know about global u''arminp; and climate chang'e before she sau the llhn. Speaker 3:He liked dre fihn. Speaker 4: He thinks it's a typical

r,:* :t i i: lt

**;

it

+-"

Holly.wood film.
Speaker 5: She doesn't believe that climate change is happening. Speaker 6: He thinks it's important for

young peopie to see it.

Have you seen this film? Would you

like toi

Terrified describes how we feel. I was terrified by the film. Terrifying describes things or situations that make us feel terrified. It was a terrifuing experience. We can use this rule for many adjectives: bored / boring, frightened / frightening, interested / interesting, surprised / surprising Choose the correct words to complete the dialogues. A: Did you see the film?

/ boring.

2 3

A: So, was he angry? B: No. He was very relaxed / relaxing about the whole thing. I was su4orlsed surprising. A: l'm a bit nervous about the heat this summer. B: I know what you rnean. lt's aworrying , worried situation.

lf'i1.r:lir:ir,

:,

:'tji{4"!ii:

Lrr:+:'

Speckimg

? Read the questions below and think about

youl answers.
How to reduce your carbon footprint

1 2 3 4 5 6 ?
3r'omnne r
4,,ltet"tou see tbis

Do you use energy-saving light bulbs? How many?,

Do you recycle anything? What? Do you ever walk / take the bus instead of driving? How often?

Do you use a lot of hot water at home? What for? Do you buy things with lots of packaging? What? Have you ever planted a tree? When?

\Vork in pairs and ask each other the

Follor'r

questions.

the

Ifyour partner ansu.ersyes, ask -up qrrestion.

; :;rently.

flm, you will think

It -'e reduce carbon emissiznsl'u)e will reduce - :tl ::'nnning. . rtter future time clauses such as afleti
itfot'e, ahcn and z/we use a present tense

3 Look at the information in the tabie and tell 11611 partner hov'mucl-r carbon they u-ill save if they nake these changes.
Action
Change to energyefficient ligirt bulbs Recvcle half of your household waste
\trralk instead of drivini
\\,'ater

Carbon saving
68 kg per year 1,095 kg 0.5 kg per krn

' '

-rr|nplete the sentences u.ith the present --,.e or future simple of the verbs in - \ets. -:
.:

rr

--,: r ou '. r.lrs, you

:--

r ,re future.

(not do) something noq (haae) serious problems in (look) at the ten hottest
(see)

\Vash your clothes in cold 225 kg per vear

Reduce your household by 10%

54.1kg 907 kg

w-aste

they happened

Plant a tree

. i ,u
ju

rhe last fourteen years. ',\}en this climate change :"tppen) L--=(&e) dead.

(think) differently after

(see)

in pairs and complete the -::nces v.ith your own ideas.

:lass finishes .". :::fore the end of this year.
= ..,eather is qooC tomorrow iar,,e enough money ...

--*i.\brk

it.

..

W*nm

a'xp

\\tork in pairs and choose three situations fronr the list beloui Roleplay a short conversation fbr each siruation.
Situations

L*argw*gs $*cals: c$$ers cnd dee$si*rss ? Read the infbnlation in the table. \\,hat verb do u-e
often use to rnake offers and clecisions?

'1

A: you are talking to a friend (B). Your train to the airport leaves in 5 minutes. You're late!
B: your car is parked outside.

j:

Offers

i I'11

carry those books for

)'ou. _

I Shall

pav for this?

i i Decisions i i

Let

A: you arrive at your destination and get off the train.

B: you are carrying a very heavy bag.

i---:----..-----*-

I'll

take the next train.

I'11

I won't take the train.

take a taxi.

A: you are in the train station caf6 with a friend (B).

B: you don't have enough money to pay for the coffees.

Language note: sha// is usually used only in quesiions

and with I or we.

A: you are at the train station but have missed your train.
You want to buy a ticket for the next train.

B: you work in the ticket office.

r,'erb

Conrplete the oflers or decisions with z-rill or .rhrtll from the box. There is one -"'erb vou clon't need.
have help pay

ancl

q-Esc6e

l-*^*i**iL* srE
,.;I;+

carry

take

three conversations. tr,{atch each one to a situation in the \\rarrn up. There is one situetion
t<l

: ::'),--,,.i: Listen

t z r +

)'ou clon't need.

Listen again and ans\\-er the questior-rs.

Conversation 1:Hou.much is the billi (lonversation 2:Holl, is the man going to qet to the
airport? Clonversation 3: \Ahat train is the u'oman eoing to take?

A: I don't ---a understand this. B: Thlt s illl lieht. I r orr. \: Thc nc\t train is irr tr,r cnw rrrinutcs. B: \\.e it or u'ait? A: Here, let me take those bass. B: Tl-ranks. but it's OK. I .. ., . , them. Listen and check vour ans\vers. J'hen listen
,r:-

A: ,\re you reach'to order? B: Yes. I salad.

* "r+ :.i:
F!.

repeirt the phrases.

bp*trK$itff

\\trk
below.

*.ith .*r...u orr,r..r

ancl choose one of the tasks

.& Repeat the u.anl up activiw using the neu,

vou have learnt.

expressi.,r..-

* Look at the audioscript on page 15.1 ancl chclose one ofthe conversations. Practise the conversation and tn tr,
memorise it.

'tr'cl'ITl UF
; ....i ten reasons why people learn English. Choose the r :nd the bottorn 3 lbr vou.
because ... job r,r,-ith a rnultinational cornpany. .ike to get a .. .rnt to understand songs, TV programmes or films in

sf,

LGngLecge locus: synoaly#rs

Read the sentences from the listening. Which word in the box has a different meaning to the word in bold?

::ining English

\4rel1

I believe English
Saudi Arabia

is very

important nowadays.
these days

Nail

:lish.

actually currently now z

pe to get a job with a cornpany in the USA. , iike to be an English teacher.

,,

ill be helpftil for my career. planning to get a job in the tourism industrv. ,,, rnt to meet other English-speaking people and r.rrake --:rds. :. important for my studies. .'. r u-orld language and it's important to know.

I'm learning English because it will be helpful for my career. Abdul, Libya

job :

profession

university

studies

work

We need to study Engiish. Dain, South Korea

important

It is essential.
obvious
vital

.:ke English and American culture.

necessary

', ,rk in pairs and compare vour answers. Can you think
-,'

other reasons u'hy people learn English?

5p*rokimg

- srenrng ' '. -',.+; Listen to six people talking about why drev , :.rrning English. \Ahich reasons from exercise 1 do
a

? Read the questions about learning English. " * * * *

S
How long have you been learning English?

They

are

typical questions from international Engiish speaking exams. Choose three questions you can answer.

.l'e? \Vrite the numbers.

-,rtlul, Libya
)
',

Sa, Russia

iert, Turkey

,-

+ s o

Naif, Saudi Arabia

Arthur, France
Dain, South Korea

Why are you learning English? How important is English in your country? How will English be useful to you in the future? Think about your answers and practise what
say.

you want to

Work in pairs and ask each other the questions.

Htr#Ffl#

i-ai'lguuge $*eus: re*king iffivlt*tim*s frn#

",nnil,
betr.veen friends.

3 Read trl

*16'#$3ff*ffies'?fg

\\'that do they arrange to do?

Mark these expressions frrrmal

(fl

or informal

(1).

t I am u.riting to invite you to go to the cinema. z How do you f2nqr going to the cirrerna u'ith rne? l I'rn afraid I'm busy tomorrow. + Unfbrtunately I am busv tornorro\\.. s \{iould it be convenient to meet on Fridav er.ening? o \A,tiat about meeting outside Pizza \Vorld? z I'cl love to see the film. s I would very much like to see the filn-r. q f'hat r,vould be u.onderful.
to That sounds great. rr I look fbr-ward to seeir-rg )'ou on rz See ]rou oll Fridal-.
Fridar,'.

X Read the ernails again and change any expressions that are too fbrrnal.
ffn*pwn$mg

f*

wn6**

\Vork in pairs and teli each other about

:

a lilm you have seen recentiy. Use the useful phrases belou-to help vou.

\{rould you like to

see

this fihn? \\hv?

e lt's a western / comedy / drama / thriller / musical. s lt's an action film / ahorror film / a documentary. s lt's about... 6 lt's had brilliant / good / quite good / poor reviews. lt stars Marion Cotillard and it's directed by Olivier Dahan.
a

Wnxe$r'xg sk$*$s; fiffi$mrffi'bmB sSXm

Are these statements trlre (7) or false (fl?

...

In emails to friends

The acting

/ photography

is wonderful

poor.

a b c d ?

I'tn, it'//. use informal sirlutations such as hi, and, endings

clo rrot use contractions such as

tAf*i*i** wgl{ttatv
d

such as r*eezr.
\\re call miss out salutations and endings. $re must u'rite

in paragraphs.

Laura ancl Pamela have not usecl contractions in their cmails. Ilake 13 chang'es to the emails.

\Vrite an email to lrsur partner inr-itrng them to see a fiLn. Describe the fiLn and suggest a time and a place to meet. Then slvap your ernails and write replies.
Wrork u.ith a ne\\.partner.

3 ,\Iark drese expressions formal (1), quite infbrmal (Q) or rntbrnal (f.
Hello Best

Laura Dear Laura Hi Laura wishes Cheers Yours sincerely

Bye for

now Regards

Yours

,:'

Grommor
,n::::iete the sentences
do

with the correct words.

nextweekend?

:. "l,-ttt getting / to gdt togedler with some friends. - lrrpe

),ou do

are you doing

Using your dictionqry: finding rhe rigl* en?ry ? Work in pairs and look at the phrases below. Which
word would yau lookup in the dictionary to find the meaning of each phrasel

, ,r

;'ould llke

to learu

/ learning another language.

"); - I'u1' / 'm going to buy a new car at dre weekend. -,\}en I buy / will bry my new car, Iwill able / will be able

:,

get around more. r-:: \ ou looking forward to go / going to university? \:r-t month I will strlt / am staning a new job. -: .he world's tenperature gets / will get warmer in the -.:rr few years, glacial ice mehs / will meh.

r 2 r + 3

global warming
get away lall in love against the law

Look up the words to

see

if you were right.

* *

ilocobule
x'rr

a"y

ie

ri-ords into the correct boxes. There are two words

need. lake

The most inrpeirtant wcrd in an expression is called the keywarrl" Keywords are often noun$, but can also be verbs, ad.iectives er adverbs.
Sorne words in a dictionary fiave rnore than one entry. ?l'ris mighi be because the sarne word can beiong to two elasses: eat an orange an crange dness

- io not

seri,er desert flood

forest fire homeless Gan poor storm war wealthy well-off

{adje*tive}
tI
1

{noun}

't.mral

disasters

People with a lot InoneY

of

Find two different word classes for each of these words.

heat

2
3

pretty fair
$ornetlmes words have the same spelling but cl iff erent rnean i ngs or d iff erent pron unciations.

::,rple helped by aid

:ganisations

Geographical features

4
I z

Find two meanings and pronunciations for.these words.

tear
close

Speoking cnd WnifXmg I \\brk in groups of three. Ask each other about your
:
-:rs for the times below.

Some words have many nreanings. These are listed at the beginning of sn entry.

. . , .

-ilter class
rhis evening rhe weekend

ne\t summef

1 2 3

grcen (adjective) like grass in colour with lots of plants caring for nature

4 5 6

not ready to be eaten not experienced of the Green Parry

-':, to find one plan that is the same for everybody.

5 r z

Choose t}re best meaning of g'em in the sentences belorr: She is campaigning for gyeen issues such as reducing packaging and the use ofcars.

2 \\brk

in pairs. Write a list of five things people could do reduce their carbon footprint. Then cornpare your list
another pair.

We need more green areas in our town.

---h

Global review & Study skills :J.:;! 4

:,.i. -

\**/f,:f:}-i **#arM

3d

li5{

i*

* !\'ork in pairs and discuss these

questions.

$
66

Read the quote about u.orlc in the United

States.

* " " "

i"$

a. 1:: ::

i !.,::t ;:: .:,'itij:.:i-:r

l. ; :.t'::l:: ::,:i t::::': *lJi':z;

you lfo to r,vork, if your narne is on the building, ),ou're rich. If vour narre is on vour desk, vou're rniddle class. If vour name is o11 lrgs1 shirt, you're pnnt. F F
Rich Hall. Anrct'ican contediun and

nt."

FIave ,vou ever been to a job inter-r,'ieu.? How u'as it?

ls there a rrinirrtrrn

r,r

agc in lrrur

countn'? \{hat

is

iti

uriter

Do you knou-anyone r,vho rvorks night shiftsi \\4rat do they do? \\''hat is a good st2lrting salary in vour

? , * *

\drork in pairs and discuss these questions.

opinioni

\\4rat does this quote sav about jobs in

America? Is this true in your countrv? Look at the jobs in the box. \Vhich ones u-oulcl / u.ciuldn't you like? Decide on the top three and the bottom three.

^*-i:** rrltiiji,sE: ]s Lrf E{J "Jiluq;q{.t; ?il ? Read tlre introduction to Pro/tle oJ an Intliutt cnll certl'e uorket' on page 55 and ans\t'er the questions. t 2 * t 2 :
Do you knorv v'hat a call centre r,r'orker
cloes?

**J ****l-;**

builder doctor
journalist
lawyer

disc jockey (DJ)

Have vou ever spoken to one?

Read dre rest of the text.

\\hat

cloes she

manager in a fast food restaurant

sa1.

about ...

musician nurse police officer politician security guard shop assistant

her feelings abont the job?

the hours she u'orks? the people she talks to?

teacher
il i'!

waiter

:"C rt :"'. : r l*"t,='-+

J

Read the texts belou-ancl replace the underlined u-orcls ancl phrases with li.ords in

You can use both 7bb and work to talk about

what someone does to get paid.

the box. Use,vour clictionary to help vou.

i)r
,

1'P;; ltke
': ..:r:/,'.,)

y*::r jt:b i vr*rk'i

'/.'''./..' 'i.]''',

bonus employ hiring salary training wages

an interview

Work is uncountable with this meaning, so you cannot sa,! M< or work.

Cornplete the sentences with job,-iobs or ',t:ot'k. Sornetinres more than one answer is possible.
! . l: 1.i."','rl" jr..:-----

'- I'i "

We give work to 6,000 people and need more We offer a good starting monev plus end-of-

'(r

-,

C'

.'r,' '. l'"':1r'rrr.',,i,,

. .

1,-'l.l

year extra monev English and computer skills needed

5
,*

f),r';*r.: irav*

....-.

-]

\4rorli in pairs and choose one of the

preces of infbrmation in th: text vou think are interesting or unusual. Then corlpare with your partner.

tasks belou..
No experience necessary we will provide teaching of the skills Excellent money per hour and good working environment Contact Andrew Grau for a talk about the job

,e Tick (r'')nvo

Hou'r'iould you clescribe Rajeshwari? \.Vrite three u.ords. Then compare u.ith vouf p:rrtlref.

:-..itl::JL::

"i ,6' w
I

,k:1t sentences

l-8

and match thetn to the uses of

I was so happy when I got this job. lt was my first ever interview but they hired me. That night my dad bought chocolates and sweets

.-c belor'v. -.rrr qot a job

and we had a small parly. He was very proud.

as a

call centre

operator.
f6r
1s1 1rsx15.

b-

r,.e l.orkecl at the conrpanl.

With bonuses, my starting salary is 16'000 rupees (tl90) a month.

I sell landlines to Americans. People can get angry. They say 'You people are taking the iobs from our hands.' I say that it's not my fault if Americans are expensive to employ.

. h;rtla srrmllp,trn.
ing. ,t\ e to use mv o\\'n name. r rn't hrve:i lot of-time.
,, c r oic'c t rr irr --.r\'c

to spe:rk u.ith -rr c to dress rr ell.

a LTS accent.

'r' urc D,/; ,':

. '
'

: rlk ,rhotrr pussessing

or

orr

Itin{

My alias is Katie Jones. That's a little lie, I suppose, but a good lie. lf I had to use my own name, l'd lose five minutes at the beginning of every call spelling it out, and I don't have a lot of time. When you have voice training, you have to speak in an American accent all the time or you lose it. When I call home, my parents say'l don't believe it, it's not you any more!'

'r(rllirtg.

- .rn iruxilialv rvitl'r,qzr to talk about ,\\e ssing or ou''ning things. - rn ar-rxiliafl,- u.ith ro to say r,i'hat is
:ccss'.lnr or obligatorv.

'
:'

.rn iruxiliary

in the present perf-ect.

Night shifts destroy your life. I don't get home from work until five in the morning, and I don't sleep until six.
You have to dress well even though people can't see you. lt's a question of self-confidence. People can pick that up from your voice. And there are 4,000 people in the office to look at you. There are a lot of lndians living in America and Britain. Sometimes you talk to people who say 'No English. Hindi? Hindi?' and you realise you're talking to an lndian, and often you get so confused you forget how to speak Hindi.
I miss my parents. I can't tell them when I feel upset because theY'd come right away to Delhi and take me home.

trrlk alrr,ut rlction\ ()r e\pcricnces.

-anguage note: we can only use the contracted forms

nave when it is the auxiliary verb, not when it is a main

:'modal verb.
i.eacl the sentences u,ttlt hrtte and insert contlactions

:re thev are possible.

- h,tr e rt hrother arrd rl sistcr. I have never been to a iob intervieu'.

\\ e have English

class ot-t Thursdav

rloruing.

I have got a goocl English dictiotrarl-. I hrrve hacl rnore than one job in ntl' lif'e. I l-rave breakfast u.ith rnv farnily even'rtroming.

G!*ssxry
alias (noun)

a different name that somebody uses instead of their real name

landline (noun)

a telephone line that is not a mobile phone

pick up (phrasal verb) - to notice something that is not very obvious

upset (adlectlve)

sad, worried or angry about something

Yatl

I
l:1.

:irir'ri::l

+,.,-,.'' l.-..

!;t;'l k:;r:r:
l

Llsfenlng sred Voeebulmry ! Look at the cartoon about a bad boss.

\trhat is the joke? Do you think it is funny?

/' u.Lt, Yss i{Av T0 \ SfAe? saMeu{rR.

-*--**-4/

-ri,l:!:t; r:l.i:

ii'errri=i

q+rl:

i"rtrr lrt::,1i:r: t*a?

{t1f,,?a{4i1::

2 % t.*3*!.liir Listen to four bosses talking'to their employees. Nurnber the topics in the order vou hear them.
a

dress
.ii:.+
c

!is r;::?*:ri

s'.r::: g

meal the computer code the weekend 3 Listen again and choose the correct
/ for) sick. You can take next Saturday
(nway

alternative to complete each sentence. Conversation 1: Someone has called (in / out Conversation
1:

? Complete the texts with the u.ords in tl're boxes. LTse each u.ord only once. can
don't have to
must

oJJ'/ on).

Conversation 3:You are (on /.fbr / ot) companv tirne, and vou must respect that time. Conversation 4: Of course you can go (ort / in / at) your lunch break no\\r

Dress-down Friday
ln many financial companies in Britain, wear a suit or other formal clothes. Some workplaces have a dressdown day, usually on a Friday. On this day, people

employees *-

dress so formally. They wear whatever they like.

\Vhich do \,ou think

are bad bosses? \4,hy?

Grsmme r ? Look at sentences

rules a-d belou'.

can can't
1-6 and complete the

mustn't

Work computers
According to a 2006 survey by the American Management lnstitute. 78o/o of American companies have rules about email, instant
messenger and blog use. Workers
use their computers for work. but they

r z + s o " t . a

You baae to u'ork this Saturday. Yon cun take next Saturclay off.
You dom't haae to wear a jacket and tie.

Yon can't send personal messages with this cornputer. You mustlrrive on time.
\4re use -lap-e
\trre use

send personal email messages

or instant messages. Also, they download programs onto work computers.

about rules and things dlat afe necessary.

and

kr,

and

ulxttt

to talk to say

can

don't have

to

have to

u'hen something is not allowed.

\Ve Llse .-,-. --*-- to say that something is not necessarl'. \Ve use * to say that something is possible or allowed.
Language note: modal verbs are followed
by an infinitive without fo.

Flexitime
A study of the 68 biggest Australian companies

---

found that 93% offered flexitime hours to their employees, Under flexitime, workers work a fixed number of hours in a week. but
they start and finish at the same time every day. lf they come to work earlier, they

-**

leave earlier,

Cornplete the sentences about your job. ;ou do not work, use one of the jobs on

--

<_L

Speaking I Read the job characteristics

ey day I have to ... at work.

in the box and the ones which are irnportant to you.

tick(r')

::n't

have to ... at work.

:: tork, lcan usually...

:..i't ... at work.

@ :,::rr.:i:r,::-;:1:

H:

;;: "'.

Fronuneistisn 1 & 2.*Y Listen to dre pairs of sentences.

.::r \-ou hear the difTerences?

\bu can't wear that. \bu can wear that.

: ,

She can't come to class todal'. She can come to class today.

\bu must use your books. \bu mustn't use your books.
Language note: in British English, can't
s pronounced /kcrrnt/.

? \Vork in pairs and share your ideas. Decide on the five most important characteristics of a job.
A: For me, the most imporlant things in a job are ... B: OK. For me, the most imporTant things are ...

A: What do you think the top five are? B: Ithink...

Work with another pair and compare your lists. Do vou agree? Make a new list of the llve most important characteristics.

2& . : ,

3,"&:e

Listen and circle the word you

:rr. Then practise saylng the sentences.

\\brkers mttstn't / must use the computers on the first floor. \bu can't / can take your lunch break at nlo o'clock. I really m.ust / mustn'f answer emails
more quickly.

What do you think is the most important? I think that ... is more important than ... What about you?
I I

disagree. I think ... is more important. agree. Let's put it on the list.

rETI J
:t::la.i:.:t-;,!):.:

i"+i;*r+ tlr'liEili*

\fecabulcry
I
Match the verbs in the box to the nouns.
*

Lis?emimg

i lt *

+* r i "+x :; 2+l zz.t:

*!-l f1#tif iiiti]

chat collect cook do go for play read watch

books
a

3 ffi':"+t You are going to hear a presentation abott The serious leistn'e perspectiae. Listen and put the slides on page 59 in the correct order.

I,.:iii;:iiil: .t,2* n+T:z!

the newspaper exercise the gardening

walk

* t z : + s 3 * *
,

Listen again and answer the questions.

What are some examples of casual

leisure?

drink with friends

)i!

stamps coins things television a filrn the news video games chess sport
with
a

\Vhy do people enjoy casual leisure?

\A/hy does leisure have a bad reputation?

friends on the phone meal dinner vegetables

What are some examples of serious

leisure?

\4,rork in pairs and tell each other u-hich

H4'rv does the speaker think serious leisure is important?

of the rctir ities you do.

I watch television every night.
I hardly ever read the newspaper.

Work in pairs and ask each other these Wtrich do you prefer, casual or serious
leisure activitiesl Do you know anyone v'ho has a serious leisure pursuit? What is it?

qLlestions.

Look at tire chart sirou{ng hou' Americans spend their leisure time. Then work in pairs and discuss the questions.

* *

Is there anything that surprises you? Is it similar to hou.you spend your Ieisure tirr-rei

--!l

Leisure tlnne 0m an average day

Other leisure activities (29 minutes) Playing games: using computer for leisure (19 minutes) Relaxing and thinking (19 minutes) Sports, exercise, Watching TV (2.6 hours)

Words in the same family: play - verb player - noun playful - adjective

Complete the sentences with the correct

forn

of play.

I He is an excellent football 2 I *cornputer ganres uniil very late

last night.

$he is a very

--

chilcl"

recreation
(17 minutes)

Reading
(22 minutes)

Socializing and communicating (46 minutes)

Total leisure and

sports time=
5.1 hours

NOTE: Data include all person$ age 15 and over Data incl.-!de all days af the week and are annual averages for 2006.

Source: Bureau of Labor $tatistics

Origins of the perspective - 1974

,'Ftcl.bd.$tgb-bihs,,-

*rtu;::$'"it*1

Fr*:ma$**i*$!*n 1-l
ancl ansu'er the

Look at sentences :stions a-c below.

\\ atchlzg

television is casual leisure.

: '- ,.',. Listen and repe:rt the sentences. Pav attention to the ur.rderlined sounds. \\1hat is the most colrlron spelling of /1/i r z : *
Relaxing and u.atchi11g'l\'- are m)' fivotrrite thiugs. I think Elgli*h i' r tlitfit'trlr lrngu,ree. \o thtrnks. I'ttt stouuittu stn,rkinu.

i{e's good at swimmir?g.

People enlov cloing leisure actir.ities.

\\'hat is the subject in sentence 1? Replace tl-re subject with another activitt'
:rorn the listening.

\\'hat kincl of urrrd colres befbre the -ing :,rlm ir-r senter-rce 2i \\l-rat other verbs cirn go before the -ing :orm in sentence 3?

\Arork in pairs. Read vour sentences fr:om qrammar erercise 3 to e:rch other. Pav attention to the /n/ sound.
ilili":ii1,i" a1i !rli!\.:

i"J

. \\ rite the -ing fbnn of tl-re verbs in the

bor. Tl.rerr put them into tl-rree groups .rccording to their spelling-.

tr Choose one iif the activities in the box ltelot'i'ancl rvrite a short paraeraph about it.

:ut cycle do make play '-r smoke stop swim :ake watch work
C.omplete these sentences with yorlr o\\'n :.rs Llsing' the -ing fbmr. Then il'ork in
r'. .trtd sh:rre r otrr ide:rs.

* * s ' "

a1 activirl'vou enjov doing an activity yorl Llsed to do but stopped

doing
sport you like watching something you aren't verv goocl at
a

doing an activity you hate doing

- ,:ti'f*;*....:::1. , - :-.:
.a*a,
-

k \\'ork in pairs. Sr'vap papers and u'rite fii'cr

questions about yor-rr partner's activiq'. Then

return the papers.

i i:fllrl!' ... I'li:r:e. -.: i:*l*l* lili ... ; :;i,:t.t;_;r:. i:,:i

: __.^,.-.-.r.. :a- -rir

'

"i.

:3

Reacl your partnerls questious ancl

iilirir:i,*

reu'rite the paragraph. Inclucle the original infbrrnation and the ans\vers to vour

partnert

(luestio11s.

n--*,1

t** --l:* ts{a * $\i[}L!*s

Look at the trl.rl pictures. Do vou like

either of these things?

* Quicklv read Tht.fttcts nhout ntnusenrcnt parks orotrnd, tlse uor/d and fincl the ansu.ers
to the questions.
t:t

i:: a,,:

AZ! 7,aalr

1,:..

t z

\4rhere did the roller coaster come frorn? \trhere \\,'as one of the first amuselnent

parksi

: \\'hat do modern anlusement parks have? + Ilolv much moncv clo amusement parks
rnake?

s o *

\\'that is the rnost popular alnuserllent park outside the United States?

\\,hat is an intogineeri

Have you ever been to an anlrselncnt park? Is there one ir 1'our countn-?

#rmmmmwr
They haue bwib eleaen parks arormd the
zuorLJ.

* t

Complete the clialoguesu'ith

heen

or gM(

A: \\11-rere has he ,, -,,i B: I don't knoui He u'as here iust lnlnute ago.
A: Oh no.

I baae beem

to an aTnusenteTTt pot'k.

Haae yon eaet" been t0 an antusent.ent park?

zA: \\'ve
B:

on this ritle three times

. . . .

use the present perfect to talk about an unspecific tirne in the past use d1e present perfect to talk about experiences
tl,se euet:

I knou', but it's greet. Isn't it greati A: l{mmm. :A: \{lheret l'[arco? B: He'.s --- -- on his break. He'll be
back in fifteen rninutes. A: FIe can't do thatl

in cluestions about experiences

euer lneans the same as in 1tov7" Jlfe

+A:

Language note: She has been to Tivoli

Gardens. This means she has come back. She has gone to Tivoli Gardens. This
Dale Johansscn is a photo grapher sf annusernen t

I{:lve you here before? B: Sorry', I don't understrrnd. \\rhat? A: Is this your first time here?

means she is still there.

S \\rork in pairs. Ir.nagine vou he:rr one of the diakrques at an ?lrnLlselnent park. \,\'/ho rs speakinsi Hor.v do thev f'eel? Aclcl tw-o rnore lines and then act out the clialogue.

parks.

He

{visif}

mcre tha* 5* different parks ;n ?* c*r"**tries *n4

? Cornplete the tu.o texts \\'ith the past simple or present perf-ect fbrln of the verbs
in brackets.

::

fi:{e} phatcs of
eacl-r one. He frrst

(becamej interest*d i* amusement parks wh*n

h?s

father --

--, {teae}

hinr

to one r,vhen he lvas a chitd.

..ffi;:
i,,
..r,

dfrk

4i'si
*U&py

Ar:rl:s*ffier:t p*rks *:'e E*isure pl*cex f*r a*ult*, t**t"tagrs a*d chiidre.l. People often think amusement parks are an American invention, but they originally come from Europe. Tivoli Gardens in Copenhagen, Denmark, is one of the oldest European amusement parks.
The first,'oller coaster was lnvented in Russia in the x600s" Feopie went d,:uvn s*'*wy rrills on biocks *i ice. The world's fastest roller coaster is the Formula 1 Racecoaster al Germany's Ntlrburgring. lt travels al 217 km per hour.

L4*d*rn ernus*rF!*nt parks *s#aNly h*vs rid*c, r*Nler *cast*rs a*d *aiing areas, There is cften a carfinxon therne tc make visitsrs f*ei as it they are
;j

r**qiil*e

imfims"s

in a differ*a:t w*r:eg.

Put the past participles in the box into .rr qrolrps dependina on their sound.

3een bought brought come rone driven eaten forgotten " dden seen swum taught

Amusement parks are big business. ln the United States alone, amusement parks make an annual profit of $1 1 billion. More than 30% of Americans have been to an amusement park. Wait Disney created the first Sisney ti-rerne park. an amusement i:arlr lvith several sections, in 1955 in Cailfornia, US. The Disney C*rp*rati*r: has built eleven Disney {hsme prks aflol,rxd the warid. The most popular amusement park in the world is Walt Disney World in Florida. The m*st pcpuiar park o*.rsiefe ti:e U$ is Sisn*yiand in T*ky*. F**r *f the t*p ten arfi$sement park$ ar* is1
Asie.

won

',,' cr-i

...:: Listen ancl check your ans\vers. repeet the u'ords.

..

'

. *i.f 'e." - -.:,.r i{ I i hr 'ei

'
'

.,

,'.. Listen to the stress ancl

e\ er bs!]-I r,, rr) ilrnu\enrcnt Pilrk:

'nrtion irr this qrresrion.

r \ ou

- \\brk in pairs. Lciok at the

leisure

The people who invent Disney amusement park rides have a special name. They are
rmagrneers.

-:>tionnaire and sav the ten questions. L'lse - L' .),0u euer + p?rst piuticiple. Pa,V attention hc stress irlr(l intonation.

\\brk in pairs and ask each other the :-itions. If your partner answersl,es, ask , tbllorl,-up questions. Use tl-re ideas ir-r . box belorv to help r.ou.
lave you ever been to an amusement park?
/es, I have.

)id you like it?

/es, I loved it. ,'/ho did you go with? ,vent with my family.

)rd you like

,','here?

it? What? When? Who with? Why? Why not?

Business

meeting

Job interview

Parent-teacher meeti n g

Residents' association
meeting
g}
a

Wmrr:t

**
g

ce L# ll*E-e\jG 3 i tr{u6 ; f#d'.*-t{:*t ift

Look at the pictures of

fbr-rr different meetinss. \\rork in pairs ancl ask each otl'rer the questions.

X Read the audioscript on pirge 1 i5. Find examples of speaker turn-taking. This could be ...

* \\'ho " u

is speaking in each photo? \\l-rat are they 12ll{un abouti Have you cver beer-r in or.re of these situatior-rs? \Arheni Choose onc of the pictures ancl think o{fi1.o rr.rles fbr that situation. At a business meeting people have to arrive on time.

,\'Iake three tr-rm-takinq quesdorls or sentences using tl-re rvords in the box. You can use each rvord rnore than once.

a I c *

asking 2 nsu. question jn the conversation. asking perrnission to speak. acldins something to the conr.'ersatiol1.

Somebody has to take notes.

add ask a question can could here I just may say something
;3FetrKi$i#
Choose one of the tasks belou..
di $5

$-F*9*m*m6 i:i Listen to thr-ee conversations and match -lhere is one picture each one to a picture. J'ciu clon't neecl

? ]. , .i l ' '

Listen again and choose the correct ans\\-ers.

Conrrersation 1: The \\()lnan \\rants to knor.i' about ... " the bcloks. o the children. . his son. Conversation 2:The man needs to arrive at... a seven in the er.ening. b se\ren in the morning. . the European offices. Conversatiorr 3:The rnan doesn't like ...

,4 \Vork in pairs and choose one of the conversations from the listening. \,\rrite the next thrce or four lines. Then read the com'ersation topether. LTse the neu. expressi()t1s t-ou have learnt.

* \4rork in groups of three. A: choclse a question anLl ans\\'er it. B: ask a qr.restion or give rnore infomrltion. C: continue. Use the neu- expressious yolr have learnt. ' * u " *
\\'that is most impclrtirnt irr
a

job?

" u .

thc \vaqes.
tl-re dress cocle.

the \ iomen.

\,Vhat r,i.ould be the ideal relaxilrg; r,r,eeliend? Is it necessary to speak English fbr u.orki Is it easv fbr \routls'people to get jobs? Should there be rnore leisure facilitres for 1rs111g people?

s Excuse me,

,*

Sorry, but

.".

* Pardon me.

,.,,,,,,,.',,

,.:'

'r.',.

. ,'
:''

All work and no play

by David Crystal

; 1,r;,1:-1.,;.-1,,.,::,,.1. i'.. - :-'i

There's an old saying in English: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. Or Jill. Psychologists tell us we need a balance between work and play to have a healthy lifestyle. And it is the same for language. *lo**ary One of the most noticeable features of work language is the technical vocabulary, or jargon, that people use. Outsiders won't understand it. A doctor might look at the face of someone who's had a fall and say to a colleague 'That's a nasty perorbital haematoma'. lf you were the patient, and heard this remark, you might be worried. But basically all it means is you've got a black eye.
Every profession has its jargon - law, banking, sport, physics, language teaching ...
carelessly (adverb) - without thinking about what you are doing, so that you
cause problems or damage

dull (adlectlve)

boring

mislead (verb) * to make someone believe something that is incorrect or not true

outsider (roun) - someone who does not

belong to a group or organisaiion

Thousands of specialised terms might be used. They add precision. And they also make people feel they belong together. You know you're a member of a group when you can comfortably talk shop. Jargon also saves time. That's why doctors say such things as BP and SOB (blood pressure, shortness of breath). lt's quick and convenient. But they shouldn't use such terms to the patient. Work language and leisure language are two very different things. That's the argument of the Plain English Campaign, which wants specialists to speak clearly when talking to the public. It's easy for people to use jargon carelessly and annoy people. lt's worse when it's used deliberately, to mislead ihe public. That's why we get so angry when we hear people using it to hide the truth. A politician once admitted ihat something he had said was 'an instance of plausible deniability'. ln other words, he'd told a lie!

talk shop \verb) -

10

talk about your work,

especially in a way that is boring for other people

' i---,.=. ' vl-ir:!i

'r ij
t

1f !:-::JEi;UdG* #Ej

! G-.U;

, hink of fil'o or three exan-rples of jargon in vour -',rrrq'e and n'rite them on a piece of paper.

Fiird r.orcls or exprcssions in thc text ri.ith these meauings.

'

-.\

ork in pairs irnd share r,'our ideas. Explain rvhat vour

I z r + s
a..a*

the correct relationship betrveen ni.o thines (line 2) to m:rke srxlething more cle:rr or specific (2 u<rrcls)

'

,n lneans
i:

in En{rlish.

(line

10)

:;=iIt#
:',:tc| All uork ancl no plny. \A'hat is thc rlain topic of the
-.rin English
,

easv (line 14) people in seneral (2 u.ords) (line 19) usecl firr slrving something; in another

i,r'.ir' (3 uorcls)

(line 2 5)
.-r :*'T; :!f &i !b ' F I '.!

-'hrical vocabularrr
::rr1

c a

cloctors ar-rcl raclio rnd television

languaee

the text again and decicle

if the

steter.nents are true

: talsc (fl.
.r'chologists sav that rvrirk is rnorc irnportalrt than plat-. :',: on is languagle thr t ever\4roch' uncl erstancls. :.qon carl be useful. :-gon is precise lar.rguaqe and it can n.rake
:rr nrunication qui cker. :c Piain Enqlish Carnpaign \rants pcople to rlse morc

Do vou think there is too nruch jargon in l-our lansuagci Can \-ou think of some exarnples? Do vou think catnpaiq'ns like Plein English are :.r soocl icleal

ttO11.
.

J ge t angr\,'il.hen people use jarglon to

tell lies.

Wr*fing

ski*Ns:

setfing ou* s V

Correct the spelling and punctuation mistakes in this CV

CURICULUM VITAE: Nathalie Baekelandt

Email adress

n.baekelandt @wanadoo.f

Date of Birth

17/12/88

Education and Califications University of Lille BA Hons Economics Work Expereince

KBedEns
Read the CV and put the headings in the correct places. Date of

Personal Assistant to Project Manager, EDF Energy. Duties

booking appointments, taking minutes, record-keeping

birth

Skils
Email address Work experience

English:

Computer

fluent lnterests literate

Aerobics, dance, swimming, photography, theatre

Educationandqualifications lnterests

Referees Skills

Referrees On request

CURRICULUM VITAE: Ahmed al-Qadi

0)
(2)

tmmgu.rmge $see*s: vvn"i*is'rg

dsfes
rvavs.

----* (3) _,
2003-2005

--

*,--

al-qadi22@hotmail.com : '18-08-1987
:

Different countries u-rite dates in different In Britain, the order js dav, month, year.
or 16/01 /08 or 16th January 2008 In the US, the order is month, da-y, 1's21. 01-16-2008 or 01/16/08 Jan 16 2008 0r January 16k 2008 Cornplete the table.

16-01-2008 16 Jan 2008

Al Hussein College, Amman, Jordan

General Secondary Education Certificate

Average score: 88.50/o 2005-2009 Applied Science University, Amman, Jordan B.Sc. in Management lnformation Systems
GPA Score: 90.5% (Evaluation: Very Good) (4)

Feb I4th 2000

"**--

2009-Present Jordan Telecom: database assistant

(5)

Freporing fo write
\Vork in pairs and make notes on under each of the CV headings.
u,.hat vou would

English: intermediate Jordanian driving Iicence Modern programming and database management
(b,

write

Travelling, understanding other cultures, football

(7)

* lT literate (Word, Excel, Powerpoint)

a

__ _._

French: t\uent / \ntermed\ate / e\ementary

Mr Firas Al-Jabali, Head of lnformation Services, Jordan Telecom Dr Omar Yassin, Head of Management lnformation Systems, Applied Science University, Amman, Jordan

6 Current

driving

licence * Basic first aid

Wni*ixrg
\Vrite vour CV Use your notes and the useful phrases to
help you.

:+: :ir ili : a: a;2

Grommsr I Complete the sentences with the correct form of the

-'
e

Recording nelY words ond phroses

rb in brackets.
$,ott /exer Yes,

I : r + 2 r : ; +

be)

to the US?
(chat) tct
(see)

I . "

Work in pairs and discuss these questions.

.Where
do you write doum new English words and expressions that you learnl When do you write down new words and expressions?

there last year. (write) letters, but foiends on the phone is great fun. -

I
I

hate -

@o)

(neaer

/ ride)a

carnel, but I

one in a zoo.

. .
be polite to customers. have a driving licence.

" I " d

In class? When you are reading?

Complete the job description for a shop assistant using -',ut, haue to, don,'t haae to or tnltstn't.

When you are doing homework? At some other timel What information do you write down atiout the
words? Show your partner. How do you use your vocabulqrlr notes when you have written them?

You You You You

arrive late.
earn a bonus

ifyou sell a lot ofgoods.

Vocobulory
-\Iatch the words on the left to the ones on the right. a walk ?lry television .io

2 Look at how three Polish studentshave reeorded new words from this unit."What are the,diffefences tretween them?
chegg = ezachy

upsel = przygnqbiony Lake off = wzi4t (sobie) wolne amu1ement,park= parkrozrywki

:o for
--hat

meal

exercise

--ollect :ead
','.

on the computer a magazine

stamps

atch

upsel I np'sel/ adi. oad,worried or angry about something.l miss my parento.l can'ltellthem when feel upeet. take time off work - wzi46 (sobie) wolne z pracy You can t ake nexl 1aturday off.

:ook

on the phone
a roller coaoler a ride

of three leisure activities -. The others try to grress the ou enjoy and mime them.

Speoking I Work in small groups. Think

:ctivities.

play chese (verb + noun U)

atheme park

\.
3:

I think you like playing tennis. Yes, that's right.

No, that's not right.

a

2 . .

Work in srnall groups. Thlk about

job you do or would

-ike to do.

Talk about the things you have to do. Thlk about the good and bad parts ofthe job.

.,. ,, " . llow can the different ways help? r lfyoar recordwords in a differcqt-waglwhy is that? 4 This week try reCording,vocabiularyz in a'different way.
Which -ethoddoyoupqefu?'
.

3 ,,

Wirrk in pairs and disc-uss the qqestions,

'

'

Howwillvou.do it?

Slsbal review & $tudy skills U:':il 5

Porl

tr

Writing
I \\'ritc
happir

mmd Speakiarg

dorln flve tl-rings that malie \ou in pairs. Compare ]'our lists and

* Read dre text again. Look at dre ansv'ers and corrrplete thc qLrcstions. r (l:Hou. u
Q:
happiness?

A: Bv asking people hou'happv they are.

2 \lork
j:--.,-,-...

\\'irich
u'itl-r their lives?

satisfied

discuss thcsc tlttcsti,,tts.

; r.a,.: 1ri.:rl1r:r?:*

o e a c
ml'

\4l-rich iterns do \rou have in comtnon? Is there ani.thing you u.ould like to c1r'ange in vour list? \dhat clo you think rnakes people happv? On a scale of 1 to 10 hou. hirppl'are you?

A: Those rvho live in v.artner p:rrts of the

countfy.

: +

Keosrng
Read the article The yience of'hrppiness and put the headings in tl.re correct place.

moircy - --,* ? A: If I'ou h'.rve a horne, food and clothes then no, it doesn't. Q:\,\hat three things _-? A: Farnilv and friends, belief in
Q: Does sornething and enjovabl e objectives.

tr

Clirnate and happiness

r\'{e asurin

Match the tri the definitions.

ffififfi

lvorcls in the text

g happines

i\'Ioney :rnd happiness

l\h:rt

rn:rkes people happr'?

r 2 : 4 s 4

of-ficiallv acceptable

something that malces you happ,v

rneaning vour general vieu, of tl.ring's to discover a number or result using rnathematics

Do \/oll egree r.vith rvh'at the text savs about hrppiness? Do you think rt is possible to measure hrppiness?

We often use words that mean high up or moving upwards when we want to describe feeling happy or hopeful. We often use words that mean low down or falling when we want to describe feeling sad

Look at these expressions. Is each person

feeling happl' or sad? i That news realiy lilted nry spirits"

t:i-.:'utcoi1t1ca1

2 3 4 5

rr,4y

heart sar.:k r,"hcil I sarv hi,n.

feel pretty low icday. l'nr 0n top of the ,,vcrlc!. i'ni walking cn arr.
I

Grommun
doeylt make .you happier.. with close famity relationships were more satisf ed than people with no fanily. People soid they liued better in wat'm
Lots of money People

Pronunciotion cnd Reoding | & ?.#? Listen to the words and phrases. FIow are the underlined sounds
pronounced?

;oil tttl't

es.

fitter happier more productive

comfortable regularexercise

. . r

use comparative adjectives to compare

patient

beiter driver

rwo people or obiects use adjective + e?' for short adjectives and more + adiecrive lor longer
adjectives
use compararive adverbs to compare

2 3

Listen again and repeat the words.

two actions
I.-onrplete the texts with the comparative : ,rm of the adjectives in brackets.

The words in exercise I come from a song by the English rock group Rndiohead. Work in pairs. A: read the first line of the song. B: read the second line. Pay attention to the underlined schwa sounds.

The songwriter said that this song is

about people in Britain in the 90s. Do you think he liked the 90s? Would you say the same about your country in the 90s?

'?-i.j:ii

:e,:i

r,:l:t

=*

i,: j i:,*

:;

r; tlc+

a 1 4t

$;isliss :jr;i *

P-:r
tr:.ri,:

i:::i . l.:a-:)41.:,a

i:*::r:i,!.:ri:: i:a.l

i* Jr: ir

Sp*m$cix"rg mmd

Lfi

sfea"ting

'l'r,1;r';::
...

'

111:

3 M,'ork in pairs. Look at picttlrcs a-c and discuss r,vhat you think the jobs are.
:"

Ei':.;j j--"!.i;:, Listen to t$ro people talkins about their jobs. \A,'hich nro jobs do

they talk about?

a\!!3fifr-+4,1i.::; i
,...,.

:2 ::l:r

.,,"....j--

'..',:r,:,:r;

:':i::' r

Read the text belou'and match the iobs to the pictures. Then cliscuss s.hat vou thir-rk these people do in their jobs.

&, Listen
ans\,vers.

aglain irnd choose the corrcct

r z

Speaker 1 stai,ed in bed fbr ...

1-i days. The-v paid speaker

" .

tl-re

sulnmer.

50 davs.

itri:+ii

itil 1:ii:!ii

N&. w

,;

$60,000. " Speaker 2 thinks her u.ork ... . is disgrrsting. t' is irrterestirrg. " is borinq. + Speaker I is tirrishing a project on ... a office rubbish. b restaurallt rubbish. c office and restaurant rubbish.

$6,000.

I ... b $600. .

.,m.

Garbologist - studies rubbish Forensic entomologist - studies insects in the bodies of dead people Gravity research subiect participates in experiments to study the effects of zero gravity on the human body
Language note= garbage is American
English and rubbish is British English.

Do vou think these jobs are bad? \Alhich is the u.orst, in vour opinion?

&rcmsmmr
Off.ce rubbkh is less disgr,rsting than

restaurnnt rubbish.

h's mot us bad as ytu think. h's a bit more dfficuh thnt thot. She works mucb faster tban him.

. . .

use /e.r.r + adjective to mean not as much use (zzor) a.r + adjective + as to nake

* dirty
s flies e rubbish

experiments for space travel

c gloves s turns around and around

comparisons use rr' + adjective + as to sav that two things are the sene use a bit ormuch to modifii comparative adjectir.'es and adverbs

X Read the sentences from the listenir-rg and choose the alternative that is closest in meaning.

Uq

* Maybe he / she ... * lt looks like he / she works in ... * He / she probably ...
e

C)ffice plarbage is much less diszusting

This looks ...

,r\\o:
t7

'i. '/

.S

\-

than restaur:rnt garbage. . Restaurant garbaee is much rnore disgusting than otfice garbage. r, C)ffice garbagJe is much rnore disgustir-rg than rest:rurant garbage. My job isn't as brd as people think. " Mv job is u'orse than people think. r, My job is better than people thinli.

2
-

Oomplete the sentences r,r'ith your ov'n

ffiemdimg wmd Spe*$*iarg

,..:.:,: Read arrcl listen to the extract from the book Frankenstein. \,\'rhat u.as thc problen u'ith the science experirnent?

lcas.
speak Lnglish a bit betier now 'ihan ...

j*1.i:

-e r.eallrrr tcCal, is a bii less

in a bit easier

.. ii iin
=..

:rgilsh

than ...

:rrink.." is mlrch in{Lre."" than

:on't beli*rre .".

is as ".. a$ llei:pie say.

& \\'brk in pairs '.rnd discuss this

questioll.

3 \\brh in tr,r.o groups. Group A: nrrn tcr

..rge 127. Group B: nrrn to page 129.
.:.:

C)ire of the themes o{ Frnnkenstein, :rncl of n-rany science fiction stories, is dongerotrs knozL:/eclgc. Do You tl-rink scientific knowledgJe can be dangerous? Think of some examples.

l -:...r::r:'::

-j::".,, :.:.

Veemhax$wry

i*;:",q tll :rjiri,, (j 792_1 951 )

"r

].-)T,::lr:"h

r'r'ord to

surfix

t.

was an English romantic

'rake

novelist. She is best known for

\\brd -.rpp\'
.:icnce --l.rtion :rist '-:scrlrch

Suffix -ist
-er
-erlce
-ness

New noun
happiness

the novel Frankenstein, whtch

she wrote when she was 19 years old. Some critics have called her the first Fnglish science fiction author.

-ship

2 ,\Iake ne\,\' nouns from the lr,ords in the

,rr. \,\'hich noun enrlinq-s are usccl fbr jobs?

paint nervous silent teach tour weak

economy friend

, ..}
i:,
:

**
=a @

Cornplete the text u.ith the correct forln

t the u.orcls.

=
,8. e

iild'*,iiid
(research). My wife Karen is a (scholar) from NASA She won a *-**--**to research a special project. She is studying (exist) of life on other the possible planets. She loves the work, except for the (onely). She works alone in a little

&
4,4

'#

office. She listens in complete (siient) for unusual radio signals from space.

==.*-F*S:

ffi

w,

F,

....,;,1ll.

*...1.*..ii
:i:r;

:iiltl;:ii:!

.,,r,*jt::i.::ii!i,.

'.8

:&

r01l J
"idr{.}**l*iT

**a:r**::*d
;ie*r:lir*

i:*:a;:,:r

Voeobu[cry I Look at the photo. How rnany of the

things can you name in English?
A'Iatch the words in A to the words in B to make compound nouns. Which things can you see in the picture?

Gronrmsn
Online 6ucti0ns are Em,vng the bi.ggest btrsinesses ott the ittlerttet. Of att the onlitte artctiott sites. eBay is probrbly tbe most famous. It is one of tbe most popalar websites I'se
henrd
oJ.

#,*[r*6., gari*9. ger*r*

iJt0i:;i::fia

5+*p*:fl*xiv*:s
i-;

:!,: n : r,* &- 5,p+r* ir i -.g

A
cornputer
head

Ffe$s*B**

*ddr**F

phones

top
site screen

. . . I r z r + s

use superlative adjectives to compare

k"y
1rp

two or more people or obiects

use adjective + est for sirort adjectives and the most + adjectle for longer

memory mobile
Inouse

board
message

stick
phone

text

adjectives we oFten use superlatives with the present perlect tense

pad w-eb 3 % E.*3 Listen and repeat rhe u'ords.

Cornplete the sentences u'ith the correct

Underline the stress in each compound

noun. Which one is different?

u.ord.

Online auctions are popular because you can find the struntgest / strunget' things there. Many things online
cheaper

Ree

ding

are tbe cheapest

I , ' 2

Work in pairs and ask each other the Do you use the internet often? \\4-rat for? Which websites do you often visit?

questions.

You are going to read about online auctions. Tick (rz) the u.ords you think vou
see.

than the sarne things in a shop. I prefer buying frorn shops because I think it's the safest / srtr than buf ing on the internet. I think online shopping js the best / ltetter \\,-ay to get things. The founder of eBay is one of t/:e richest / richer rnen in Anerica.

will

businessman buy expensive global

dangerous internet
sell

2 Complete the sentences u.ith the superlative fcirm of the adjectives. r What's z \44ro's
(lctng) titne you've ever

jet kidney river

spent on the internet?

(ftrnny) person you've (colQ place you've ever (x'range) thing you've
(gooQ

S % ?-** Read and listen to Going, goi'ng, glne on page 71 and checkyour answers.

ever spent tilne v.itl-r?

: Wlrat'.s
been to?

4 r z : 5

Read the text again and answer the

questions.

+ Whatt
ever eaten?

\44rat do people do in online auctions?

How manv people use eBay?

Name five unusual things that peopie have sold or tried to sell on eBay.

s \A4rat's
seen?

fiInyou've ever

Have you ever bought or sold anything on the internet? \4rould you buy anvthing in ar-r online auction?
,r 1l 1f .-:l . ii-i'

\4rork in pairs. Chocise three of the questiorls from exercise 2 and ask each other.
Sl*tr,t*":s*r 9*gus *. r:rlicrcl::r
:::::t-rir*: .::i l;*sri*iru*:-r .-::i

ii ;-i'ti; *:':: l4i

l:.

i
1.

-i
:,:'j

:bsitc

rrdclresscs vou ircrr.

Listen Jlr(l lr.rite ihc ctlriii tlltl \\'hicil ttf ttrrese

:bsites do lorr

knot'i

dot
slash
AI

=arn_Fnglish

:arn-English

learn underscore EnElish learn dash Engiish

'.rtldrcsses tirrlL
!,trt.r::r:::,dr i:

\\-rite llr,e * ebsitc or etlrril

,,.r

kuou'

tl'rcv cltn bc rcel or ilrt'ct-ttct1.

rerrcl thc rtliircsses tir
rrrich'esses rls

etnical (adlective) - ccirsiderecl tc be righl fake (adlectl,/e) made to iock ike someth ng else
ir,ern[noth lriaurt)
hair

\\rurk in priirs trrtl

ch other. \1

ritc the

loit

iisrelr.

an anirnal s]rnllar lo all -^lephant u/

tll

oirg

that ived

a r"rery loirg t ine ago

suhmai'ine (noun)

a sh p thai can iravel unde| the il ale'

*.8** E g3 d"= E:% ffi -h ff d-\* B=q H g %"_"ili a $"e, tsi"%_s ffi \
S

fu-s #

PErl 4
-i=+*iir ri:,1n
I

ilitie,;
p

{a:n*p';t+r
;::,:+:t:it:rl

*+:i:i*r:E
i':tfi'ir:r:r:::ari:

Speoking qnd Listening I Read the quotes about computers

below.
Here are some common ways of saying yes. Yep and yeah are informal ways of saying yes. Definitely is a stronger way of saying yes. That's right is used instead of yes to respond to a question or statement. I'm afraid so is used when you think the person hopes you will say no.

3l.

Fhrx:a*t';erhs, ****+n*e
ifr{}GE

\4rork in pairs and tell each other if you agree u'ith them and why.

Ga*i:r::;: Fi:i'e*s*i v*:rh* 9" *hi*t9s

i.li:rti

r1

iri :i;:+c.!: rr:

i

?*+ F.**lei;te

1 2 3

Look at the audioscript on page 155. Find

an example of each rvay of sa.vingles.

Write live questions to

'\kru

ask your partner. want them to ans$.er1ies.

Work in pairs and ask each other the questions. Answer jid.r in different lr,'ays.

2 %:"*&*9.:; Listen to five conversarions :rbout con-rputer problems ancl number the problems in the order you hear thern. There is one extra problem.
computer

Vocqbulsr)r snd Fronuncistlon I Cornplete the sentences frorn the

listening witl-r the worcls in the box.
down

(x2) in on

out

(x2)

up

screen

email saving work

internetconnection password
printer and

printing

3 r

Listen :rgain and choose the correct

\44rat did the man change in

answers.

conversation

1?

z :

a a cable u tl-re mouse c the cornputer screen

l{ou. does the man
conversation
2? f-eel

r Nou'log to the svstem. z Shut the complrter and leave it. r The laptopis gone rgain. + Tlpe vour username and passw-ord. a docurnent s \\&en I try to print the computer prints :r difTerent document. o You should reallv back ail your
work.

at the end of

2 3

i#F 5-l $ Listen and check vour

ans\vers.

What's \\''rong with the rnan's email in

conversation 3? " there's a virus u there's too much ernail

" happy b worried "

frustrated

Listen and repeat the sentences.

-Ilv to

coptr the stress.

. he needs a passu.ord + \\ho saves their u.ork in conversation 4? " the \\.oman u the man c the woman and the man s \44rat happened to the \r''oman's password
in conversation
-r -r ^ r rr r. ie.n,, ,:.J i!jJ

5?

a c

she forgot it n she changed she doesn't h'ave one

it

Gromnnsr
Turn
om the co'mputer,.

\o-,:'Iog on.
Sllrrr down tbe compater.
SJ:ut

the computer doutt.

on.

Tilnt it

. . . . 'l

some phrasal verbs such as tu?'n 0n cal:. take an object other phrasal verbs such as log on do not take an object u'hen the phrasal verb takes an object, it can usually go before or after the

pardcle if the object is a pronoun, it can only go between the verb and particle

Glossary
movement (noun\ - a group of people who work together for a particular reason

Tick (rz) the sentences that are correct.

. Pick up the phone. t, Pick it up. . Pick up it. r a Can you print out them please? t, Can you print tl-rem out please? . Can you print out the documents
please?

Readimg end Specking 3 % l}.i Read and listen to the text about
the Luddites. \44rat kind of people were theyl

textile (noun) - any type of woven cloth

Read the statements and mark vour

opinion next to each one. 1 = strongly disagree, 4 = strongly agree

i a Tirrn them off. u Turn off them. . Turn ofT all the conlputers. 2 Circle the object of the pl-rrasal verb in
-re sentences below. Sometimes there is no
hject.
=,ease sit down and open your books. (no

Modern technology ,..

. . r . r r
makes us work harder, not less hard. is giving away our privacy. has taken away more jobs than it has created. has made us safer. is giving us too much information, so it's difficult to know what is true. has to be free for everyone.

d you ptug

in

the computer?

: , . . 3
)

Tirrn the volume up please. Philip isn't here today. He called in sick. I ft-rrgot ro log on to the school systern. Look up the u''ords in the dictionary. \\'rrite the words down in your notebook. \lv tlishr takes oll'at sevcn o'r'lock tonight.

3 \\brk

in prirs. Discuss l our opinions and try to give reasons for them. Are you

modern Luddite?
I agree that

Look at the sentences again. Ifthere is an riect, replace it with a pronolln.

C

modern technology makes us

work harder. ln my job, I have to answer lots of emails and rnessages, and I have to do it more

you plug it in?

quickly than before.

a: -j :..r1.jL., . ' :

wfrrffi

!"3p

? Look at the picrures of fbur situatior.rs. \Vork in pairs and describe the sirnilarities :rnd difTerences betr-een then'r.

L*r:gasm6m $*sws: $ir:ding tfu*mg* effiffiffi}*13

*xt

Look at the highlighted expressions in the audioscript orr page 155. Then complete the rules rvith s0, t00 or neither.
\Ve use
so

/ neither

when we have something in cornrnon.

chatting o laptop * on a train

:.: ..

a diary

LIse Use

---,--

,,,- + auxilian- + l fcir af-firmative stetements.

+ auxiliary + lfbr negative st2ltements.

* in an airport * suit

\dre :.rlso rtse me + too IJse rtrc + L se lrr,'

:ra::;;)..:.:.::aa.aa.:..:.4

::.

/ neitber.
affir'rnative staternents.
e strternents.

,-*---. for

l,,r neqlrir

e I think they are on a train.

* They look like friends / colleagues / strangers.

\41-rat clo r..ou think the people in each picnrrc are talking abciut? Choose one of the pictr-rres ancl u.rite :r short

Language note: when we don't have something in common, we can respond with the short form.
4". I am from Scotland.
A'. I live

in the city centre

B: I'm not. B: ldon't.

conversation. Then presellt \1)ur coll\-ersrition to another pair.

A: I've never been to an aft gallery. B'. I have.

* 4.

rEsEemrffis
Listen to a conversati<in betr,i'een tlvo people in a taxi. \A,'here are the,v going? \\h:rt happens at the end?
,i.l

)*GtrK$n# 4g

a$,3

? Look at the topics in the box. \{rrite fir'e trlre sentences

about yourself. Lrse the phrases to help vou.

Listen ag'ain :rnd tick colnnl0n.

(r')

the things ther,' hn-e in

r z : + s o ;

f'hev are both going'to the Technologl. Conference. They har.e both been to S:rn F-rancisco befbre. They are both fronr Germantr 'I'he,v both u'ent to school in Eng'lancl. Tl-rev both work fbr ABT Technologr,'. Thev have both been to conferences before.
-I'1'Lev

il9:::l-1-olllll" --[gry:31." - *_l.ll9ll19l"--: Lr "14 ,r ' " JM'! Uq:119--rLyg! !l ,,.!1'rlf"9ti'"r

\Arork in pairs. A: tell your partner about vourself-. B: respond. Find three things vou have in comrron. Use the neu'expressiolls vou have le:rrnt.

, ------*

Art &

music

I have
I

/ haven't read / seen ... I listen

are both sta\ing at the cor.rference hotel.

Su.ap roles and repeat the activin'.

iVornr up I Put the letters in the correct order tcl rnake rvclrcls for
- - rnological

Lumga*cge $ecus: cndo seu

&eess,rse

advances.

tr
limboe nohep

Read rvhat Guy salrs about another

advar-rce.

:'eniten velsietoni cmretuco lenap

technological

Oornplete the

sentences with antl, so or ltecause. Use the

erplanations in brackets to help t'ou.

I think the most important technological advance - well for me personally recently has been a hard disk recorder for recording TV programmes fsays his oplnion]

\\-hv are these advances irnprirtant or usefuli :nplete the sentence fbr each of the adr.ances abor-e.
.. "

- ^k the

is impo*ant

/ useful because ...

1
reason]

it means I can record everything very easily [gives a

-rstenrng

'
.
-.

.,,:

., ,.+,,?-!ii Listen to seven people talking'about

23-

- ::rolos'ical :rclvances. \Arhich advance

from exercise 1 is

lcan see exactly what I have recorded by looking al everything on screen ladds another reason]

. persoll talking about?

:

I,rnor,

F,ngland

s
6 7

I don't have to find lots of video tapes and different things like that [adds more information]

Maxit.t.t, Russia

4 -

rlthur, France
>rr'a,

Starla, England

it is much easier now to record TV programmes than it was in the past [explains a consequence]
because of digital television we have lots more programmes to choose from ladds another reason] there's much more variety and choice fexplains a consequence]

Italv

\\tlliam,

Gharra

\ntonis, (lreece
i

speakers : r'eirsons for tl-reir choice? .rt reasons do they qi1's;

1\ten again.

\\hich

that means you need to record even more programmes than in the past. lexplains a consequencel

#.na

,ii,----i.::

Listen ancl check \rour ans\\rers.

Language note: in spoken English, it is very common to add lots of clauses together with words like and, or, so,
or because.

spesKtng I \\'that is the nrost important or usefu1 tecl.rnolrlgical

advance?

!.

\{try

do vou think so? Make a f-eu-notes.

2 \Vork in pairs and present your ideas. least one rninute.

taaja?;..:.|... a:. :
:
:

Tn'to

spe,rk lor

ta::aj:;ia':ja:::;t::. ::. ::

6 For me personally, the most important technolog ca

advance is the ...

o I think the most useful advance is the ... becaus:

* ... and ...

s ... so that means ...

Readimg
Read Mohammedls essay on The adoantages ancl disa,dtontages o.f the ittternet. Does he think there are rnore advantages or disadvantages?

Change the third paragraph in dre same way. Use some

of the useful phrases below to help vou. Remember to use

commas.

Do vou agree with his ideas? Crrn you think of other

I Firstly
o

advantages or disadvantages?

... / First of all

...

...

e e

As well as that ...

Secondly...

Another advantage is that

..

r ln addition

o Finally ...

Lastly ...

Writing

skilNs:

getting idess

\drork in srnall groups arrd discuss this question'

When you want to get ideas for an essay do you ... " read a book or article on the subject?

. o ' o . "

do a ke1'word search on the internet?

speak to other people?

brainstorm all you know-and think about the topic? u''rite freely to express your ideas?
use mind rnaps?

do something else?

Ni

of these methods can help. Try using a different one next time you write an essay.

Fneparing fo write
tr
\A/ork in pairs and choose one of the topics belou'. mobile

clocks

phones satnavs

television

2 3
Lunguuge focurs: listing points I Look at a correcteti versiott
ofthe second paragraph
of Mohammed's essay. What is different?

Make

list of all the advantages and disadvantages.

Think about what to put in the introductory paragraph. For exarnple, how and where the invention is used, its history its effects on modern lif'e etc. Think about w-hat you will write in the last paragraph. \Ahat is your conclusion? Are there more advantages or
disadvantages? Why?

Writing
\A&ite the essay. Use your notes and the useful phrases below to help you. \Irrite four paragraphs:
"

introduction, b advantages, c disadvantages?

conclusion.

o However, there are also some

.
i,'''ting

There are several advantages / disadvantages of ... / certain disadvantages. One of the main advantages / disadvantages is ...

Gre

sa'emmr

Ferssnslising icxrguoge

Semnnimg

(.ircle the corrct options. Sometimes both are correct.

r :

. lrn

\\/here doI plug in tl:c cornptner'/ phry the contptfter in? If 't'ou don't r.r-ent to lose l.our docutnents, itls a goocl idea to back thent tr.p / back ttp thettt. \bur cornputer is much ltettar' / nnre ltetter thnl rninc'
lrctrks horder' /less hard than his sister' t.-ropping online is rttore conuenient / cctntenienter tl.'an

3 Look at how Atsuko has recordecl new u'ords and gran)mar lronr the unir.
TrerLvT't4

6eL

nen"ttu a./:out / f teil4Ell4t g +I get nrn"ou'r art+en t hwe to s'peak i/4 clat4'

{"4; TQarrt exched a,qzl

o1'tluht// 4tai4/

" .

:,lin!l to the suPermarket' Tlre Nile ts the rttost long / the longest river in the world' \onr jcrb isn't us uell-pnid n / ns uell-poiil th,rn :n:.in'e. -firrre passes.ftster / ntnre fast than vou think' Cicrtnanlt is a bit less coltler / less co/d than Non'i'ali

/"u'ck's' " My wftet u*ed' to be tt'et"tttu't ( to thi'r4s' slwe tl"'e o,/tb{k (r. ,^!) Yau'r jrn't, al
sam.e outl.ottk on

sotu*{n'rE.

^ttitxilz

* Fu4Lle a.n/. t

s/ua're

tfu

saa,u

ou'tlirk

o/4f1'1*/4dth/'Y.
otL

b*k
*

Vocabu*wry
:.:.rcl thc definitions ancl put tl-re letters in the correct nrder make the correct u.ords. \-ou use this to tvpe docur.nents
o11

ctLq.Pater.

^f

6or'rb

to w"ake a cory

nfnw-atiou

/0w

u.LLrr.t

retu*tu/ter to

b*k *y wy onrk

on a maa"oty rttck.

a computer

"My h.a,tr k utu,ch loryer thn*t Fw.rLi4't

h"at't'.

*t y,efer s.otm'mu to wtnter beca/lt4 r /nn t4'uobatlu/4t.

: , :

eh.rdlok \ olr store and

r

c21rr\,'

conrputer infbrn-r:rtion on this

rr ru,,rttc kicts
rr

sm:rll compriter that vou can carry irround

lf you can reiate new language to yourself, yot"ll' experiences or yelur ideas, it sften nnakes it easier
tei renrernber.

potpal
\-ou use these to listen trl rnusic rvithout rnaking a noise nohapsheecl

\-olrr computer sometimes does this if there is a problem thus lrrond a r:elationship u.ith a friend

Think of three words or phrases you have learnt this week. \4trite a true sentence about yourself or your life
using each word or phrase.
1

sprifidhen the state of being hrppl'

shipspanc e person u''ho does a screeherra

sudl'to find

neu. infornration

3 Write one true sentence about yourself or your life using a comparative strucrure and one using a superlative
structure.

5pegKrng

\\'ork in pairs and find three differences betrveen the

rvl-r1'?

::nrs belo\\r. \A,'hich do vou prefer ancl

. enrails ancl text rness'.lges . laptop cornplrters and desktctp colllplrters ' rrobile phclnes and landlines 2 \\brk in pair-s. A: 1'our partner has never seen one of the
:1ns below. Describe
.,.

Work in pairs and read out your sentences. Ask questions to find out rnore information from your

pr rtn er.

it and explain hou- it rvorks.'I'hen

Renrember to write sentences i:ersnnalising ne'','' language wfien you reeord it in your orocabulary notebook or gramffiar notes.

.rp roles and repeat.

'

:l Colllputer
rr

printer

Porl I

1i;i***irr'i

& 5 g+*ll,
s.$

:..1

F*p*ai?i*rr+
ild:, efli tcrj
F1**riirg
,&

timre

Vocqbulsry snd Speoking I \Ahat do the letters mean? Solve the time
ptzzle.

Cornpare your answers with a partner.

Askwhy
A: The best time to get married is in June.
B: Why? A: Because the weather is always good in June.

bri*f hirt*ry;*{
.

fifit$ c*r-r**

FF*ec:*:f p*1"{*e*
$:ci

+,si*nr

sirred*

Reoding I Work in pairs and discuss the questions. n How many time zones are there in your

o r

country? Can you nane a country where it is the rniddle of the night right now? Can you name a country that is one darbehind you right now?

?.?4 Read and listen to A brief on page 79.Are these (f or false (fl? statements true history of time zl?tes

2%

Here are three othet

tim,e numbers. Car'

you make more puzzle items with them?

r z :
+ s 3

60 12
3
dates
(4th

52

Time zones have existed for 500 years. Greenu,-ich Mean Time and Coordinated Universal Tirne are the same thing.
China has alu'ays had the same number of dme zones. Jet lag makes you tired. There is only one internel time.

Complete the rules with the expressions

specific times (6 o'clock, eight{hirty) years (1999,2005)

in the box.
October, 12th March)
seasons (summer, spring)

Work in pairs and choose one of the

Choose three pieces of inforrnation

tasks below.

IJse in with months (Febntnry, Decernbe), times of the da,t, Ghe ajlernoon., the eaenitzg),
arrd -. IJse om u'ith days (Monda,y, Fridal,) and

frorn the text that you think are the most interesting. Compare with your partner.

Use at

and certain tirne expressions (the weekend, night).

u'itl-r -

Discuss the questions.

n . .

,4

Choose five questions and write your answers on a piece of paper. Use

Flave you visited a place u,'ith a different time zone? Where? Wheni Have you ever had jet lag? Do you know any good ways to avoid

prepositiorr + a tirne expressiort.

What's the best time to ...

jet lag?

. " o . o . u

go on holiday? wake up on a day rvhen you aren't

working? do homework or study? visit your home town? u.atch television for films or series? get married in your country?
do exercise?

:.:flil
l;nte had stardard
time

for

less

thnn 200

.:ich itftenrct titne bss existed since

.../il'
,

and sirtce trith present perfect to

-.
,

-^,rbout unllnished tirue -. .inl u ith a period of tirne

,itrtc
r,r

rlot

Llse

ith r point irr tittte in + a tinte expression u''ith

-J

l-lresent perfect tense

i'Jcte tlrc tert r,rith [or'.:ittrt or in.

::a of a portable object that tells the time

:::^ around

five hundred years.

rhe past, people held watches in their

:.. They were later called pocket watches,

:-se you could put them in your pocket.

; r'istwatch has existed

1880, and

-:-cnic watches first appeared '350s. Digital watches have

:::o
r:res

970.

have been sold as

:
-

ery ...,,.-,,* more than

is often considered

-rCred and fifty years. A ':ditional gift idea for a

:.:ir

,nrplctc the sentences lvitlt the present perfcct ancl-f'rtr or

.;ince.

(/bi)

ir-r

this town,.,...

ten lrc:lts.
r,r'as tr,l elr.e

(.rrzzrf)

(l'f in class
(knou)

English -..-,,, .- -, --. I

,verrs old.

eight o'clock. (knozt) thc tcacher . , -..,.,.,.* t\\'o ve'.lrs. (/:ale) mv u-atch -.--.. lnv t\vcntieth birthdatr

ru' oldest

fr:iencl

we \\-ere at prirnan'school toqether.

nrplcte the sentences with your own icleas ancl cornpare u'ith:r partner.

ffi ffi#Ha#&,r
Forl ?
. ,-''a :-i::t.,)),:))

1.-l

*:er r:r:Fr*+siq:Ft:

Voecbulany ! Match the phrases in bold to the pictures.

\Vhich ones do you think are ftinnv?

Lisfereing T # :,';$ Listen to a talk about

r:i:il:1,1 {{rFt4ei.:x

giir
i:rr,

f t;fi{.

r I think he spends

too much time in

:r; :r,:

;li:,.i:

front of the television.

the concept of tirne in English. Finish the sentence to summarise the n-rain point of the talk. Time is ...

ial.!
: -':{)

$"

#ti

z It looks like Torn's worked overtime : + s *

again. \Arell, it saves time in the morninp;sl Have you ever thought this job is a waste

2% r

H.

Ti&:c:

I :*vi*S ittv*l:lisll:a
ii

t"?* A,tatch 1-4 to a-d to make sentences. Then listen and check your
ans\r'ers.

of time?
Aclvantaee #1: lots of free time.

ir+dri,r a,Jp:tLir,;r
& Tsi;:

The concept of time rn the English

language...

*{

9.e,'*

{ilie*

Look at the

r.vords and phrases

in bold.

\\4rat are thev in your language?

z You can spend time and Inonev ... r You can gire sonleonc vour titne. ... + \\-e can con\ ert titne into lllone\ ... a arld monev into tirne. b is connected to moneY. . just like you can give them monev. a or save it. 3 Are there similar expressions for time in
your language?

Fronune istion

ffi

?.?I Listen and repeat the sounds

and words.

/at/ ,

ttrne

/et/,

save

4& ?.?& Listen and tick (r/) the word that has a diff'erent sound. Ljsten again ancl repeat the u''ords.

2 :
+

rfly
time rnobile
SAVC

s 3

great

g;nn smile might waste break

*'hy life friend mail meat

/at/

eye

rnachine

height

rtonev
paper
2'

Look at the words in exercise

\\'rhat are

solne common spellings for

and /et/?

4% r z : +

t,F* Listen and repeat the proverbs.

Do you have any similar proverbs in your

language?

Tirne flies when vou're having fun. Time u'aits for no Inan.
So many things, so

little time.

Life is short and tirne is su,-ift.

Speaking
tr Work in pairs and choose the five most important inventions from the list. Then rank them fiom 1 (rnost important) to 5
(least important).

Top Time-saving lnventions

The

hairdryer
email

The personal computer The photocopier The plane

The washing machine

The internet and The microwave

oven The mobile phone

r lthink...
r Why do you think so?

Because ... used to take a very long time.

r lagree/disagree.
Glossary

2 3

Cornpare your list with another pair.

foolishness (noun) - stupid behaviour wisdom

(noun)

Do you agree?
Can you think of other things that save rime?

knowledge and experience

Recdimg und $peokimg

\ ffi ?,F* Read and listen to the first lines of ,4 Thle ofTwo Ciries. 2
Work in pairs. Some people say that dre first line ofthe extract could be about the times we live in now. Do you agree? Are we living in the best of times and the
worst of times?

Complete the sentences with your

Charles Dickens
(1812-1870) Considered one of the greatest English novelists in history, Dickens came from a very poor family. His books often

own ideas.
It is the best of times because ...

it is the worst of tirnes because ...

Compare your ideas with another pair.

talk about the situation of poor people in Victorian England.

! gtt

i.!,'t:+

;.

vi,*:'i.l ;:i;r'rt:;tr-i

W*ccba;{mny

h
- Ft?a

Kfi#$ts
3
\\'hat
Look at the title of tl-re text on p:rge clo you think jt is about?
83.

16

i.l-rt1;1:;1.',

? Match the r.vords in the box to the pictures.

!.1.<..,";:..t:;a,r1.

.L. 1ilt:t:i :r..,., "+i:

',,:

t+8.+.+

3
&

Read the text and check your a1ls\\rer. Read the text again and ans\\rer the

Jt{t 44i:a lila,+aa

.:+t.,a

questions.

1+r'*. +.:r++lrl
1::

: .:

.:tt:,r.:t:!-1:ai.j

cash cheque coins credit card notes purse Youearn

t Hou. rnuch does dre child's toy cost? z Does the universiq' graduate have a job? : \\''hen does the familv nrall palr the billsi + \A4rere clo the young couple work? s \\'hat has the l-reir clone u'ith her rnone\'l o Do the retired couple have money
wallet problerns?

&
A Cross out the option that is not possible. I

\\'that are colnmon nlone\, concerns for

people your age?

a asalary

,at,rraau

Grmnwmmr
I'oe ah.ead.y
saaecl 3.

the lottery You can spend money a on clothes b on food . ir-r the bank. You can take out a loan . from a bank

I haaen't statted

work yet.

. .

u fiom your wallet . fbr a car.

You ou.e

mone\/

"

to a f iend

n to the bank
People

rse alrend! to emphasise something has happened befbre nou' use j[et to talk about something that has not happened, but u'ill probably happen soon

pay

. for vour r'vallet. " electricity bills

u r.vater bills c monev bills.

Find eramples oflel and

ru1es.

o/r'eud1, 1n 1l1g

text and complete the

& Look at the questions about mone),'. \Alhich questions would vou not normallv ask someone ,vou don't know very lvell?

teir:: \\ie use yet and ah'eady u'ith tl-re irr affirrnltir e state nrenls. \A'e use --- in negatives and -questions. \Aie use

1 z r + s r z s 4

Hou, r.nuch do )'ou earn? \dtrere's dre nearest cash machine? Can you lend rne some lnonev? Hou.. rnuch did your jacket cost? lIor,r' rnuch do lrou spend every u,-eek on

* !\rork in pairs. Look at the to do list ancl lnake sentences -nvith-ye/ or alreac$.
She has already done the shopping. She hasn't paid the bills yet.
do the shopptng
'pnLl

tbodi Do you have change fbr

euro/pound) note?

v'
oif

tht

bills

five (clollar/

cnll work nbout n dntl do Enqlish homuttork

Eo

FIou'much casir clo vou have u'ith vou

nou'?

ta the bnnk

pharrc pnrents

'z'

'r

Do you owe a lot of rnoner'?

Compare 1-our ans\\,.ers r,l'ith a partner.

3 Make vour o\''n to tloltst.\d,trite

hings. Include ...

doll'n six

.
0

three things vou haven't done yet, but rvould like to do this v'eek. three things you have alreadv done this
rveek.

Cor.npare vour list u'ith a partner. Ask

-'uestlons.
Have you done your homework yet? ^. 3. Yes, I have. Have you visited your parents yet? ^. 3: No, / haven't. t. When are you going to visit them?
.= -,:aj{.t1a'**-{ l:+{a}+ .- -tr
.,,::::a;aa..::

-j.rati:_-i::.:;i: ::.:': -:,Ca:,t::

1;;

1',1:

i,. :,if,,;::t::j.:

i :!t.,j:: :. *:i

Pr*mq-Fme

6wfsn
Listen and repeat the sound and

12
.,.

orcls. "1,1:i

\ , sun, rnother 2 ,=;"=? Tick (rz) the words

:rc
:

th:rt have

/.,t

/ sound. Then listen and check vour

ns\refs.

brother bus buy cost home money

--. ^ I la:

some

Read and listen to the poem

'- -'lrxlr

\\'brk in pairs. i.tad the poem,

,r.re

line each at

, time.

More work. Less fun. More money. More buying. More fun. Less money. More work. Less fun. More money. More buying. More fun. Less money. More work.

:i.-+3. 4i '& :4 Tr ".Ee,:!.+.,-. fi.--.. -.t-=: l: ;,E|'4+ :;. :+ F{: -: 7 it

?
r"

2".",..t'

.F,;,,-

Fnrt 4

i:':ii,Irl-i:r';: f,i.':i:,..:

t.

\mlsrrE*inrr srv*.r!!!g
Look at the pictures of people meeting at a bank. \trrork in pairs and describe the

io

;1 l:ifi:r;tti

2r;

*.j .;'.

i::+

:ti.

similarities and differences between them.

"1{!+:.,::i.:lti;;;.:::lt.
::ii:i:::t;j1.:jrrt:

t:;a:.,'::a,i.'i: :|ti: : :

:r:j:
a

l,.

_. : a

formal clothes outside

group of women

e married couple
e

$ modern office

I traditional clothes

o ln this picture ... but in this picture ...

* ln this picture they are wearing ... but

one they are wearing ...
a

in this

This picture was probably taken in ... while this one was taken ...

$Fnmrdine !\vvvtt ts
kind of hank. Find two differences between Grameen Bank and :1 normal bank.
a

Giossary
branch (noun) - an office representing a large company

charity (noun) - an organisation ihat gives money and help to people who need founder (noun) - someone who stafis an organisation
poverty (noun)
basic needs

a situation where people do not have enough money to pay for

2 r

Read the text again and choose the Jorrect answer.

epe*K683S

,rq

g!

The Grarneen Bank thinks that ...

get loans first.

should

Read the situation below.

"
c

rich

people r,

people u.ith nothing

Situation
The bank has lent your learning institution 1 2,000 to modernise the facilities. The director has asked you for suggestions on how to spend the money. What

WO111911

: lt lends ... to pcople. a small amounts of money u large amounts of noney

c
11O

does your institution need?

1]lOfle}r

\Vork in small groups and discuss u.hat

bu1'.

Most of the people who borrow frorn the

bank are ...

you are going to

Remember that your

a wOlnen.

pOOr.

budget is 12,000. \A,rrite dou-n your final Iist of items.

both \4'orren :rnd poor. Grameen Bank workers neet the

borrowers ...

Present vour pl'.rn to another group. Clive reasons frrr your decisions.
a:?.i::,i a:::,:..4:a.t: 4. .ija"j:t, :-1 tt :,- : -,.ij:l!i4'.1.:i:.:i'ii
:1.

in their offices. u in tl-re capital city. in their viliages. The bank gets back ... of the money it

" "

.:i..

lends.

" abit 3 \\hat

is

I
idea?

alinost

all .

all

do you think of the Grameen bank?

it a good

* We need ... e We don't need ... e ... is more important than ... because ... * I don't think ... is as important as ... because... e I don't think ... is very important because
e

We have decided to spend ... on

because...
lf we borrow something from someone, they give it to us and we agree to give it back.
I

n*ed tc b*rro'tttt sc*"]e ftianey frr,:m th* ba*k.

lf we lend something to someone, we give it to them and they agree to give it back to us. Tlt* {;ank ls g*lng tc l*nci me ssffe rneney-

Complete the sentences u.ith the correct fc>rnt ol botrow or lend. 1 lr'{y pen isr't l,v*rklng. Can
I

yuu' !i ,

She
.nC

him lv't* ihausand +ur*s fot aal. iir hlSn 1 ;Jj C ,i i'pCV ".,. t. --_ I lirn't hav* en*r:gh m*n*y fcr tl* bus. rr* s*nre? Cculd 5r6Ll v//ie J Cil t iiuvr' CrlOJ,ji Cl'Airi :" tn' o s;*n:e froi'n the neighboi.;r.

=
;.,

av=@

tS. a :i?

!i :i'iil

t ti:.i: a:::t!j rr:ij I !;l

,:.,:r.]::.:.X

.'..:,.:.:liill:::.r.,3
'

j::r.: i:lrpiiaii;:,:::a:::a::i:

Wmn"rm axp

$**ngx*mg* $*eess: sfu*ppirng

I
-:'

Look at the pictures of fbur difl-erent markets. \\iork in

pairs ancl clescribe the sirnilarities and difl-erences betu'een them.

.i
,;-:::t. .:

."i:) : '
a

This stall sells ...

" I think this market is in ...

" The stallholder is ...

\\,hjch market couid vou

see

in your country?

? Correct the mistakes in tl-rese sentences. r How rnuch it is? z I can help vou? : I just looking thanks. + Have you a red shirt? s You can to have it for a hundred and m,'enry-five. a I take it. z No, thanks. I leave it. s That verv expensive. k +{,s l.i4 Listen and check vour ans\\rers. Then listen and
repeat the phrases.

Lisfenimg

I 2

4i+

::.1i5'*?"3.T

Listen to three conversations. N{atch each

Spem*<ir:g
\A,rork

one to a photo.

in pairs and choose one of the tasks below.

Listen again ancl ans\,'er the questions. (}rnr-ers:rtion 1: \\4rat does the man \vant? FIou. rnuch is the final pricei C.onversation 2: \\4rat cloes the u'oman bul? C-onr ersrrtior-r J: \4lhat does the woman want? \41hr,' rs she sad at the end?

A Choose one of the markets and roleplay a conversation. Use the new expressions yolr have learnt.

s Cl-roose three thinEJs (eg your book, your pencil, your phone). You are going' to try and.rel/ them to vour partner.
Decide
a

price for each thing.

ner.r-

Try and sell your things to vorrr partner. Use the

expressions you have learnt.

.language and the

),S:F..T.oU F,,,b,y David,

erystal

lf there's a number you should remember when thinking about the way the English language has changed over time, it is the number four.

Timeline of the English Language

449 AD

The first boats carrying Angles, Saxons and Jutes from the north of Europe arrived in several parts of the British lsles in 449 AD. The different dialects they spoke gave us the earliest form of English - Old English, or Anglo-Saxon. Exactly 400 years later, King Alfred 'the Great' was born. He is especially famous in the history of English, because it was thanks to his planning that Old English literature survived.

\l

rr !,: r'i *;-rr*'.

.:

; r'. t.i ri
i ]-

'_i-___ -*.--,_,,.-'*i"r*i,t'a

-i\l;1.:.:,,i-

1r4J=.

15

ln 1400, Chaucer died, leaving us the literary highlight of Middle English, The Canterbury Tales. Soon after, a major sound change began which affecied many English vowel sounds. This 'Great Vowel Shift' is the main reason that Chaucer's language sounds so different from the English we
use today.

787 AD Viking raids began in England Scandinavian influence on English names for people and places 849 AD 1066 Norman invasion of England. The French language influences English in many ways.
1

ln 1600, when Shakespeare was writing. roughly 4 million people spoke English in Britain. Today, around 400 years later, 400 million people fiiossary zo speak Engllsh as a Angle, Saxon, Jute (noun) - the names mother tongue, and four of Germanic peoples who lived in times as many speak it England as a second or foreign dialect (noun) - a way of speaking a language.

400
40Os-1 500s

1476

first printing press

language that is used only in a padicular area or by a particular group

set up in England. Standard writing system starts to develop.

1

shift (noun) - a change in something

600

W*rrm axgr
Look at the tirneline for the English language. Tick (rz) the bold phrases that you have heard ofbefore.

1 600S English comes into contact with other languages through colonisation.

l BOOS Time of the lndustrial Revolution British Empire. Huge changes in English.
1BB4
-1

and

KegGtsls

t.

tttew English Dictionary project begins

I Read the text The English longuage and the number four. Find three reasons rv'hy the number fbur is important. 2 Read the text again and complete the timeline r'r.ith ir.rfrrrmation frorn the text.
Ler:gwmge
$mca*s
F

will become the Oxford English Dictionary.

late 900s Rise of the internet and globalisation. English becomes world language. 2000

bpesKlns
\Arork in pairs and discuss the questions.

l.

Choose the option ll'ith the same rneaning as the unclerlined phrases.

b 390-'+10 " 400 r ra!ilJlrlljoLr people b 3.8-.+.2 rnillion n 4 rnillion years later l around 400 r, 395-405 " 400 + .t00 million speak English as a n.rother-tonglre,
times as man), speak

* n *

exactly 400 vears later

Can you think of anv examples of how your lauguase has changecl? For example, a word or phrase that tlo.s:l'. exist anvmore. \\4rat other languages have an influence on \-our language? Can you give exarnples? Does your language have an influence on iln\- I )::;
languages?

\\hicl-r

ones?

it

and four as a second or foreign language

"

100

million

1,600

tnillion

F
F

Writing skills: *r##ffiis;r'!S your idess

Look
at Thvse's essav plan belov'. Put the points

jn each

paragraph in the correct order.

LLfe

todi/

too

a"

too 144i'1y til)n1s to dD

fa,tt

b Ut /'tt cititt too fatt ^ c tranrTnrd z

Dont
ha.u,e

alanLt rut/l//4t
r.nternzt,

rtod.

e-ftiut/4

a w U.ule ftrfri.end,s ati fil44// b enrn bay th@t c l1mny alrour r/rhtatia4t - be6u4p s'tresred
d.
satte tiu'@ but

442

fu, %flnt /, k47ortaltt

fU it wufu rlh.er tlu.rys

do 1/

3
XlAtrp.{rmR

conrlwion

{\{;{,!sJ i {!..1
Reacl essay on LiJe toilal, is too Jast rnttl people clon't hnae erutt.rgh tirne Jbr zuhat is irnportant. Does she agree with

a" ryenl

- ath*to

tu.ore ti,r,uz

ti,..n

b c
Ef

d. 1u/.

cant let hfe pa.rt ux by rey'ax., h/ln fln * mtu)c, real,mg,

to rea..bre rlh,er til.rn1s

wul,tfrteftl.t & fil4tu

/421/bizt

a.re u'r7or.ta/4,t

the staterlent?

$"firnsufise focus: s,vxm# y*e*r *p8mxeffi

Complete these sentences frorn the text.

2 -familr,'. 3 4 ----,--.

-,*'- -,-. realise that there are other things in life u.ell as rvork and money. .-.-.---.spend rnore time seeing our friends and
-

as

llnd dme to listen to music.

let lif-e pass us by.

Fr*pmr&mg

** wrife

1 \4rork in pairs and choose one of the statements below- tcr write about. Do you agree with the statement?

* * *

Schools ancl universities do not teach studer-rts enough about hos. to manage their time. The love of money is the root of all evil.

\trrrite three paragraph headings and then u-rire notes under each heading.
Read the essav again and put the sentences in the correct pl:rces. How clo the sentences help us to understand each paragraph?

:r::l:!:;itrj.t:.

:.+;4!;a

?:)..at aa

i:lji:irl:i<- r. -r

a '

i.,t!:.

.:

'-.

.j:

" I believe it is in-rportant to realise that there are other things in lif'e as rveil as r.vork and money. b .\s a result of this, \\re save time but end up fillingitu.ith
otl-rer things.

* lt is (certainly) true that ... * I (personally) believe that ... * lt is my opinion / view that ...

Tt is certainly true that

for many people, especiallv in big

Wn$*img
\Vrite your
help vou.
essay.

citics, life todaf is too fast.

..: D,, r,,u

Use your notes and the useful phrases to

:rq^rce u

ith Tltr se\ opinions?

Grmmra"nsr
I Cornplete the sentences rv'ith the correct u.orcI.
1

fvtc*cging ytlur study time

?
Ansra,,er

the questions about srudy dme.

lhen

cliscuss

2
3

+
5

My birthday is -November 12th. \\1lat are you doing the r.i'eekend? The best time to get married is the spring. l'r e lir ed in rrri house six r ears.
I've studied French I'r'e had this purse
yet

your answers with a partner.

-last,vear.
r'vas

ten years old.

Put the r'vords in the correct order.

1

2
J

/ bill / paid / electricity / vott / the / have? / lne / a / bank/ Ioan / the. saved / three / have / I / alreadl' / euros. ftin / flies / you're / ttrne / having,/v'hen.
gave

vsc#brr;Ge'y

lt

'! Match iet

student

the r,vords on the left to the ones on the right.

lroney
iam

t l[{ren do you study best? " In the morning. u In the afternoon or evening. . Late at night. z \\trat do you do with homework? o Do it straight away. u Do it when you are ready. " Do it at the last mirrute. : How do you study outside class? a Just do your homework. I Re-read the work done in class. . Do other work as well. + When do you re-read your notes? , Belore meals. u tavelling to school or work. " Before going to sleep.
Top tig:s

pocket

u'atch

over 1.g tr-affic loan cash tirne u rist rnachine 2 Put owe , borrou or lend in each g;ap. r Could you *'''',-.- 1ne ten dollars, pleasei : I need to - -- - . sorne rnoney from the bank. . vou for the tickets? : Hou- much c1o L
5pefiKrffis
a l.

f*r study ti;'tt*

* * *

Find the tirne w}:en you work best, and study

then.
ffi*-r*ae{ the work y*u hav* studi*el in e !as*. Litti* and c{ten is best, *.9. t*n mlnultes a elay.

spare mornents t* r*-rsad ynur eiass ro,Jork, eg b*fore meals, bstwe*n class*s, *ir the bus or waiting {cr an appoinirncni.
[",lss

I
lll

s.nd since

\4iork in groups of three. Thlk about vourseh'es using/or' and try to find three thing's that are the san-re for
of rrou.

* Decide what is nlost iinportant. * Mak* * lv*rk piar: and foilnw it. * ilcn't l,,uasts tiime thinkinq ahaut
straight away!

worlq

* dp !t

I've known Maria for three years. I've had my watch since January.
We've all studied English for two years.

Make a study plan for next \\-eek. LTse your anstvers to exercise 1 and the Top tips to help vou.

classes.

\\rork in groups of three and discuss vour English Find three things you've alreaclv stuclied, and three

' n

Wrhat will yorr do? \{4'ren will you do it?

tl-rings you haven't studied yet. We've already studied the present perfect.
We haven't

practised writing letters yet.

3 . . .

\Vork in pairs and ask each other these questions. \dtrat do you usuallv spend your tnonev oni Do you save money? How? \Vhat fbr? Hor,r'do you like to spend your free timei

F-e r 'l

;..-....!.-.-_.-.

e4 q m';:ld3 *" !f fq #PqrgtqUq I *'slU w

e.{}49$r{rs
at the pictures of tl.rree famous homes. \A,'l'rere are the)'l \\,'ho do you think lived there? Use the u.ords in the box to

i-s^*l**

. ',i.

Drau'' an outline of the roor-ns in vour house or flat. Then u,-ork in pairs and t:rke your partner on a tour clf your home.
!.ai::l::,::.:'
i:i::j j:

T Look

help you zuess.

.:. a. ::+,\..': :..-... :. . - .
rr :::.,:!: ::. I
'
:

balcony

* bedroom
* front door
l.':.::a i : . : ::t:.:)4.

s bathroom * dining room

castle Dracula film set ghost haunted prince prisoner tower

c,

kitchen

* hall a living room

* toilet

?
&

':{1,.:

:.:i":-::..:;t':} Listen to people talking

q
:.:i'::: !t:!J

about these hcimes and check yolrr answers.

study
1 :_ .
::.
:

ijtj:l::].-::i:. t-a+: :'a.r..

Listen ag;ain. Are the staterrents true or f'alse (fli Conversation

e Over here there's

(f

:.- .:, :.,

l:

s This is the ...

a ...

n u " u

The to$rer $ras built more than 900 vears

ago.

#***u n*ei*i.i^* g t {J!}t**!L}q*Is\3b*

.3:'i..i'-i Listen and repeat the sound and the lr.ord.

The )roung princes \\-ere put in the tou-er

b1' 11-t.1r

uncle Richard

IIL

Conversation 2:

/h/, horne 'iii Listen to the sentences. Underline the u.ords r.vith the /h/ sound.
l..;

The house r'vas used in a film. The house is never open.

Fj.}j

Flome is u-here

...

the heart is.

hlppr
vou

rttcln, trics lre.

Conversation 3: " Tl're castle is still occupiecl by the goverllment. t, Dracula never saw the castle.

vour h'.rt. the hard drive is.

hangJ

4, Are there anv famous hornes in your town? \\here are they? \,\4-ro lived there?

your hopes are.

Listen again and repeat the sentences.

tl-re best? A house is a building that people live in. $he jrires ln iha't hig h,ause"

!\'hich one do vou like

Someone's home is the place where they live.

t't. -! 4^' - _L- t -..1l A lijtIe

!e:,lii\"
house

: I :, Eolng __ airer uiaSg. 2 Fiease dc exer*ise 3 for

-? S** lnai big reC

Complete the sentences with

or

horn.e.

wcrk.

over ih*re?

4 5
=.

My fath*r lives tnere^ l'!l dc the shcpping end cl*aning, but you - 14, (-,1':1. 'J -' thi Crl rer l-"ii, l'rx nct at ,._at tlre rn*ment"

-.""::::: ...:::

*:.:".,

Gnsmmsr
People say the tower

is bsunted.

Thc mstle was retut'ned to its owners.

. .

we use the passive voice when we want ro Focus on the action, not the person who does the action we also use the passive voice when we do not know who does the action or it
rs

not lmportant

I Read the sentences from the listening and decide if they are active (l) or passive (P). r z + s
The Tower of London was built in 1078. Their uncle put them in the tower.
People believe that Mad Tepes - the original Dracula - lived here. It is visited every year by thousands of people.

2 Complete the texts with the correct form of to be.

Official residences
around the world
Kemdixrg wand Wdrit6x'xg
The Palacio de la Monclo? is the official residence of the Spanish prime minister in Madrid. It was / is destroyed during the Spanish Civil War, but it was / ls rebuilt afterwards.

? Read rhe scene frorn the filll; Brum

Stol<er'.r

Drarula.

Abdeen Palace,

in central Cairo, is / was built in 1874 for the Egyptian royal family" Today it ls / was used as an official residence for the president and a museum.

* Work in pairs and write the next three lines of the dialogue. Then present your scene to another pair.
Language note: / bid you welcome is a formal, literary way of saying welcome.

The Lodge, located

in Canberra, Australia, is / was built in 1926. lt was / ls meant to be a temporary home for the Australian prime minister. Now it is the official one. The official residence of the president of Ukraine is Mariyinsky Palace in Kiev. lt is /was constructed in the 18th century and ls / was used as military headquarters between 1917 and 1920.

rfre Zhongnanhai is a group of buildings

in Beijing, China. lt is / was used as an official residence of the head of state in the past. Today, when foreign politicians come to visit, they were / are welcomed there.

ffi :

#tu

L"n*nrr"-i
. , .. I
i

'0e

r"

b4

'",,,-'.i.r,:,,r

..

V*embtx*rlr tr*'!d Spe*kimg

X Look at the pictures of different anirnals. \Arould you keep any of- these animals in your hornel \Vhich onesi

&

Quickly read the rest Tiue stories of

cats

cif the text and

choose the best subtitle.

" u . a
4'

ufio lil'ed in

budgie cat dog goldfish hamster horse mouse rabbit snake spider

difl-erent countries. Tiue stories of cats u'ho travelled a long distance to come horrre. Tiue stories of c:rts who loved their
o\4rners.

*
a

\\4rich of these

anin-rals have ...

Tiue stories of
,r,:.;=F

cats u'ho travelled a lone

tail?

bie

eight legs? ftir? ears? fins? u'ingsl

distance to leave horne.

l:.,;:.i Read and listen ro rhe rext and complete the sentences u..ith the names of the cats.

*
ib":

\4rork in pairs and ask each other these questions.

" *
T
I

Did vou har.e a pet as a child? \dhat u-as it? ,{r:e you afraicl of any of tl-rese anirnals?
bd

r ''-2 i
a

lived in the USA. -..- carne home after about -.-..,. months.
and -- -' --u'eek.

tr,vo

came b'.rck horne after

UAed.*a

!\F{"31Jc3

Do you prefer cats or

dogs?

\\'hv? Tell

partner. prefer ... because they are friendlier / more intelligent / more interesting.
I don't like cats or dogs.

4 --,, went to his ou-ners' second s u-as happv but Verv dirry --5 Find u.ords in the text u''ith these
meanings.

home.

t z I 4

bttck

Read the introduction to The cat cntne on page 93 and discuss the questions in

important that you should not criticise (introduction) it the official line that separates two
so

pairs.

countries (paragraph 1) very dirty (paragraph 2)

the sound a cat m:lkes u.hen it's happv

Do cats have any special meaning in your

country? Do many people keep them as pets? \A4rat is the most common pet? In English, people sometimes say that cats have nine lives. Does this expression
exist in your language?

(raragraph 2)

& \\,hich story do you tl-rink is the most surprising? Do you knou, any unusual pet
stories?

-frffew

mmR ffiffiffiRffi ,fummfu

&r'.q'fu:*r:i::glist* **Birrr;:'!* tf:;*? *#lll*r::: a** +-*s fu*v*,tiv*rl 1*g*tlt*r- f*:r ::1#r* trh;r* *,**13:1**r*. it"; 4n*i**t i;*l,F{: *iris ::'i-:i: .;r:i;Lr;Li,i;,t ::s*i'*d

nrirnnts arrri ;.::'*t*.",r

i;: ., ;'; ;1,,':r,.

*f l**ri
;l i;.

i,:*;*1. ?i't*g* &f* *fi,**titr:*{"*::i

$i3* *riiir-ri: tl*g'vlr::*ti* **t* l* !:ir*'r*,,*r'l{*" *:*ki*g **t* *:r:* :*f l** ;e*:gt !':*l{'tf?!{:!i: *nlft*is l*'lf:* h*fl:*. }.{'s. *s,1*}$:r.}ii n:* **y ii:*t *;*tg i:*.g*

*in*:
.,;

iivre.**

h*:**l;";$*

..1, . ..,,rr!,

o_1,::it

ii

l.;t,.u

l*:* f*ii*'u.;;rt# t{{-r* sl*ri*s ***r;;"

l.J I :'l'=,.:r
Li

'L'l:,:11.

ir *- ::r.:.:ll i..i:il i, i li,l* icii il i:.ir ii: r i:: l;L;i;i. ln 1978 this three-year-old
.

;}iiilil*
,:-iii"'..,".;ii

i,; ii'ir; Fi*r"i;i: 1' l

-* ii,:ivt,iir,.#

,1,..t

:i
I

:
i'
:

t";'lli*i :*,."j il i j,i,']

.,1

:; (-lii

ii ;

r'i,:'';

i': : i"ll

;,1

ll,,'.

1981 Mehmet Tune, a Turkish man living in Germany, went to Turkey with his cat and family for a holiday. At the Turkish border Minosch disappeared. Sixty-one days later, back in northern Germany, the family heard a noise at the door. lt was Minosch.

cat walked home from the Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia, to Adelaide. The trip took ayear. Kirsten Hicks, the cat's owne1 said that although he was filthy and bleeding, Howie was actually purring. .. i,,. " T :. . r : ln September 1 994; ChrisahdrJennifer Trevino's cat Ernie jumped out of a pick-up truck while it was,traveiiing down the motorway. The cat was 965 km away from home. A week later, Ernie walked back into the Trevino family home in Victoria, Texas.

The Servos family lost their pet cat

Gringo from their home in northern France in December 1982. The following July they learnt that the cat was in the south of France. Gringo had travelled through France and arrived at the Selos's summer home a week latr,The neighbours took care of him until the Servos ir r:' family arrived.

l,

YOCfipUgfl!'y

I Look at the picnrres and complete the sentences v-ith the correct prepositions frorn the box.
across across along down
in

Ernie jurnped
the highv'ay.

the truck and walked

He

v'ent

bridge, and ,,--

sotne

into 2#

out

of
up

past

fields.

through
'?"45

Listen and

check your ans\r'ers.

Then cover the

ientences and try retell the story.
tcr

f.tt!:
He

:.;..**r-'"ffi
the river, but f-ell

u'alked --

FIe

ran

some sleeping dogs

accident.

He climbed

rgrin the nexr morrring.

-,-.

tree to sleep and climbed

He walked

the farnilv home one week

later.

--

:.:arr.ri{r

,ii::i

ia

rf,ft

,1

'..,.
l-,;a:;

.".. ..

--.--.;",".-,.

6F* fE t\EHS r{ r sa$\d !I

6d

$-xs?*r"aimg

a;.

a\:
:c=

Read,,1 quick guide to the world's Tnost fomo'us guidebooks and complete the sentences with ;=';i++z'+,ji;

i"t

I:*e:',L

the names of the guidebooks.

i=t:\:j+:.=,

1 z 3
)

{ir :zt t * t:*!il';:,e'z

j:.;lli::i;1
r-! ::;a--.:aia::a\

became fan-rous for its restaurant reviev-s. --,-,,' ---_. ---- was \\,'ritten by a soldier. -- uras the first modern -_-guidebook. .. were u ritten and for people w-ithout a lot of money.

& 'e'z.,:i*-E=+A Listen to three conversations between tourists and travel guides / agents. Choose the correct situation fbr each one. There is one place vou don't
need.

beach city centre market

travel office

Listen again and choose the cclrrect

ans\\,'ers.

\\4rich ofthese guidebooks did vou know

about already?

Conversation 1: TI-re man wants to travel ... " to the USA. t this month. c 11Xt month. Conversation 2: The tower is ...
newest building in the city. the tallest building in the city. the oldest building in the city. Conversation 3: The guide persuades the man to ... " buy a carpet. u have lunch. . visit the city.

" u .

tl-re

}:*-E;-fr

f,fii-;ffj,jL::,1;::;i i:::,:'::.' +*t.;.-':-: \...)..

?E;G.-::.a..:i..: :a:,. . :.::: . a+?+t4t+r::1..1 :-. . :,
a4+31-:.';4.:i1'.a.:::1.::
.

.,
:

W?:Et*..):...+.?:.:,,:..... :: : ::-

A tnp is when we go somewhere and come back again. Adrive is atrip in a car. Aflightis atrip in a plane. A journey is a long trip from one place to another. A four is a trip to a place where there are interesting things to see. A ride is a short trip in a car or bus or on a bicycle or motorcycle. Replace the underiined words with other words that mean u'ip. 1 I w*nt for a trip in my Lrrother'$ new car. 2 They were very tired and had j*t lag after
*h: tfrird

3 4

*r'in urur ^lan^ re tr'lr.

i-le took me fcr a trip in his new Volkswagen. $hs's saving money for her next ttitr) across Eurcpe.

.'f{"1$?g'!'f i::i''

If 1,otL go ltp tlJe t0a-el; lcttr. z.uotz't re gret it. If you buy one rf'these crr])et-t rtou, I can get
tt gtod price

I'Il

ask

if ytr,like.
a

Jbr

you.

. . . . , r

use the fir'st conditior:ral to talk about

possiblc funrrc sitult ion use the present simple in tl-re zf clause trse will, cnn or nt.ight plus verb in the rnain clause the z/clause can be the first or second
clause in tlre sentence

i Check vou unrlerstand thc y>hr',tse lttach resu't. Arc thcre any bcach resorts it-t your
countn'? Do vou like tl-rem?

Con.rplete dre sentences from thc

Listening ri.ith the correct phrase.

.3 ,-.,,,., ,,i
'I'hen

Read ancl listcn to the text.

cliscuss drc

If you trnt'el / i;i// trnt'el thts

:nlonth,,1t611'//

rk in pairs rnd
c1o

ffi

: If vou z:;i/l go / go up the to\\,cr, volt ilrll'r : +

/ t/on't regret jt. Lli'll / l.'l? qo there later if I'ou *-i// unttt
it/1/1t.

/ )'otr get all extril 20% cliscount.

qu estioll s.

" .,

\Ahat

Srl and tl.re others

\\'rr11t
..rre

to

avoid? \\'hr'? Do r-ou often visit placcs that

If you btrl' / i;",i\/ &zry tuo, {ilcs you a big discount.

she

r:ill gii:e

popul:rr ri'ith touristsl .Ve tlterc:ttl\ l)l;t(c( itt rottr cr)tttllr\ tl.rrrt ha','e tori much touristn? \\here?
Alex Garland (',l970-) is an
English writer of novels and
He wrote his first novel

.' \\rl-rat is the clifl-erence betu ecn these

:Cl1 tenCeS?

. If I go to Lonclon, I'll bur,' ar-r Enelish

q'uidebook.

f -:
-

Ihe 86..

r, lf I eo to Lonclon, I niieht lnv au

Ens'lish guiclebooh.

in 1996 when he was 26 !a': and it became a classic. lt \'.'as made into a film in 2000.

. If ] go to Ltxrclon, I car.r br-rv au Enelish

euidebook.

, \\rrrrk in pairs. Read the situittions ancl eorlplete thc sentences riith r-or-rr orin itlcas. r : :
\bu $ rnt to go sotneu'here this
n eekeucl.

(sunnv or raining?) lf it's sunny, we'll ... \?ru have u on a biq prize (a trip firr tu.tt

or monet-?) If we win the trip for two, we ... \bur fricncl is g'oing tcl have a babl'and ]iou \\'ant tri ltuy a present. (bol or g'irl?)

:$

il

lf

it's a boy ...

*i
Fsrf 4

E- w@ '"tu ""%%EiauHT " %,"8: "_4 ='%,. 5-

&

-*

?h rE

%,'

#F

*r:+e;iLing 4:il*1+;
.:t.,::;;--::i::t:
'J

Specleimg
\A,'ork in pairs. Look at the pictures belou' and describe thern. FIow do you think they

Recdimg
Read the text l{ew kinds of totu'ism on . Which kind of tourism does each picture show?
page 97

*:;i!+r:t

iv*: *

;:rerp*+siii+*i

are connected?

i.i*'.g ir!*+i:" *f t+,*r!ss:

...: "" "

2
"

Read the text again and put the sentences

in the correct places in the text.

6 castle

itr:e+*

iq:+#:tiq+*+:.r i

ancient o disaster area s operating theatre

*

s kitchen
e storm

" u " a "

This kind of tourism involves going to a different country for health care and
at dre same time enjoying more q,pical tourist attractions. New Zealand has benefited from this kind of tourism since the film The Lu,d olthe Ringr u,-as made there. The increase in the number of tourists also means an increase in the kinds of

:l ;.,,.,':ll::ii:tr il. !li:l:l::l;l

g*ftt!:d* 1v*;*

W:FFi?1tt'

:;;,':', :''

"-=' * lt looks a bit like ...

* This picture shows ... while this one shows ... * This picture looks nicer / more interesting / more boring than ...

;'

vocubulory 1 Cornplete ,h. ,.nr.n..s with the correct

prepositions.

It

tourisn nou' available. Cooking holidays are growing in populariry especially in countries like Italy and France. This kind of tourism is not very popular with local residents for obvious reasons.

about at in of of

with

I'm I'm
I'm

interested bored worried

historical and

3 \Vhat is your opinion of these different kinds of tourism? \drrite a number for each one. 1 =veryacceptable, 5 = cornpletely
unacceptable

cultural places.
beach holidays; we go

to the beach e\ eD year.

the situation and

Then compare your ideas with

I think ... is very acceptable.
I have some problems with ...

partner.

want to help.

:1Tl + s e ?

I'm fond sand, sea and sun. cooking, but I want I'm not good
to learn.

I think ... is unacceptable.

I'm

bit

afraid

old castles and

places like that.

Match the sentences in exercise 1 to the

pictures frorn the speaking activity. More

than one ans\\-er mav be possible.

Complete the sentences in exercise

with your own ideas.

New kinds of
I

1,600

1,400
1,200

r,ooo
aoo 600 400

= E

People are travelling more than ever before. The World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) predicts that by 2020 the number of international travellers will be more than 1.6 billion people per year (see char.t). Here are four different kinds of tourism that have appeared recently.

2oo
0
1

950

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

2020

Medical tourism can be for a variety of things, from operations to visits to the dentist or even cosmetic surgery. , a A few of the popular countries offering medical tourism are lndia, Cuba, Thailand, Argentina and Jordan. ln
Kenya they even offer medical safaris.

Disaster tourisrn involves visiting the site of a disaster. Examples include tours to New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina, to parts of Thailand after the tsunami or tourist visits to ground zero in New York.

Another growing area of tourism is literary tourism. This is a kind of cultural tourism and there are severaltypes. lt can be

Nearly all tourists eat in restaurants, and dining is one of the top three tourist activities. But if you were in a country famous for its food, would you learn how to cook it?

connected to the life of an author, for example visiting

the author's home or favourite

Welcome to the more extreme form of culinary tourism, where people go to another country to learn how to prepare its food.

lives l*i;*ss&i::i (noun) - medica of characters in a story. It can also cosmetic surgery improve someone's be a visit to a ptace wrrere a rirm :ff:XH::j'"
places, or connected to the was

made,

ground zero (nounJ - aplace where a io of people have been killed health care (noun) - ffe services that look after people's health

tsr
:-::i l.l1!trJlilF

Look at senteuces 1--l and ans\\.er iLrestions a-c belol'.

'..-. '" . .- ^.' f '::;t;;, ;; ',:;, Look at this question. Oriv the
!l S' ir
:

safari (noun) - a journey, especially in Africa, to see wild animals in their naiura
environment

stressecl words are u.ritten. Listen ancl

tl-re

l.ritc

tsunami (noun) - a very large wave tnai caused by an eadhquake under the sea

r /f r orr wet'e in J countrf lhrrrous tcrr irs : lf I wettt to .\lor,,!!!r. I would ursil t hc r
nrarket in tr{eclina. \\re wouldn't aisit the disaster area l/ri-e
zrrerz ir'r

rnissing lr'orcls.

food, would s'or learn hol. to crioh it?

. .volr,,,,-i Listen

go au,r.here

rvorlcl, rvhere

,.,

..., - . go;
Language notet would yau
is often pronounced /u,odiu;

zrgain irnd repe'rt the question. ancl ask each other.

Ne\. Orleans.

Then rvork in pairs

, \\hat . -

tense are the verbs in the ur-rderlinecl parts of the sentenccs?

13 \Atrrli in pairs ancl ask eech other the qucstions in the box. Pav attention to the
stressecl r,,'ords.

or /wudje/ in fast connected speech.

\\''lrat form of the verb follows tuould in the other part of the sentencesi \re these rcal or unreal sinrations?
sentence in each pair is

* u u *

,: \\thich

ibout

If ]rou could rvork or

stud1,-

in another country u.ould y'ou

clo

iti
s,.,

an

.nreal situation?

\'14rat country u'ould vou prefer? If some foreign friends risited you for one day and r,r.".rntecl to scc

. a \{re'11 go if li.e har.e thc rloner.-. t, \,\te'd go if u'e hacl the nlolrel-. r a \\rould vou r.isit there if vou couid? r, \\111 l-ou visit there if-r,'ou can? , I'd rrercrri:ita tlisasrerz,rrre. ' I'll rrcr cl r isit r tli:r:rcr z( )ne
.

sights, rvhere would you take them?

\,\tl-rat would ,vou do if your son or daugl-rter told vou thel u rrrtrti travel on their own? If you $rent to England, rvould vou buy souvenirs? \{'hat lr r-r'.t,,.1
.

Who for?

,i:

ii

i$
;,.:*l:: .i,..:x

-G
)

@
? f&:

ffi Iffi
[]1ffiPrv!tsb il Br& YY@' v!*

li:f

'
i

&; ffi

t
\Vork in pairs. Rnl.play
each situation.
a

w
short phone con\iersation for

$ Look at sentences 1-8 in exercise the ftinctions a-h belou,.

\\hich

and n-ratch them to

Situations

1 A: phone B. You can't go to work today. Say why. 2 B: phone A. You have a problem in your kitchen.
You want A to come and fix it.

3 4

A: phone B. You would like to reserve a room in B's hotel

for two nights.

B: phone A. Tell A about a fantastic holiday you have just returned from.

a b c a e r g h
*

phrase do 1'6u u5s ... u.hen you ans\\rer the phonel

to say u'l-ro yori are?

to

say the purpose

ofvour calli

to politelv ask the other person to u'aiti to connect one caller tO another? to ask to speak to someone? to ask if the other person wants to lear.e a mcssaqe? to say you u'ill call asain later?
?'

FP#*k*rlq#
\Vork in pairs
anci choose one of the tasks belorv.

fufrxtmrxfirxg

'#:.:":*t,:4

Listen ro four short phone conversarions. \\''l'rat is the man trying; to doi \{1hat happens at the end?

& Repeat the warm up activitlr usir-rg the neu, expressions you have learnt.
Prepare a phone conversatioil. Use the diagram belorv help i ou. Tlrerr prlctjse ) orrr con\ clsation.

tcr

f-mragr;mge $seus: teffephawe

f; ngiis,9-.

Put the u-ords in the correct order to make useful

about calling the English learning holidav I'm.

phrases.

rrlwri*lls*t&!,!t lww&\4w*t;

t$

ttt:

t z : + -i o ; 8 2

,/
,. f 47) Alt " -w^b;.::x^ ,wrwxt i"^)"u,,' ^

Mrs Knight can speak to

please a moment, just.

I?

call back

I'11.

a message

can takei

\,a q s -, 1n , .. ^....., r.; / \

*
\. r{,'
.r .f|ij

** ,."';..;

Greenway hello, Holidays. Pablo Nonso is hello, this.

\-ou put I'11 through.
',"-,' '
'-

'. I-isten and check volrr ans\\rers.

Then listen and

/ 4r.r:&'trrel&X'l*irl

rcpL'i]t the phrases.

\,
{

- r'I

.,...-._ IL--1'lSa.-qYl

.-.

i4;;&;i4"l,ii,i;,liitiij;tti,l;&

Longuoge focus: odverbs of degree I Put the adverbs of degree into three groups.
+ ++
+++

bit extremely

fairly

slightly

Match the speakers 1-5 to the sumrnaries a-e. Then listen again and check your answers.

Wurrn urp I Look at the picnrres of

clillerent horncs. \{brk in pair' and describe the sirnilarities and
clifferences between drem.

I
:!1t

'tl1'

2
3

Dar,'id, Georgia Elena, Russia

rii
rl!i

Valeria, Bolivia Bea, England

fi:

I{
nI

4
5
a

Itatie, Northern- Ireland

The homes in-rny country are quite varied. They have

different pretty colours. Hornes in my country are very big; in the cities there are blocks of flats, and in the country there are more houses. In my country many voung people share a big house together; hornes are quite large. Flats in my country are extremely expensive, much more expensive than flats irr Great Britain. Terraced houses in rny city are fairly qpical. Thev ha"'e two roolns upstairs and two roonls dor;l'nstairs'

Are any of the pictures similar to homes in vour country?

Listenimg
=#.+

:,5**'?4* Listen and cross out the topic the speaker doesntt rnention.

" a " 3

I z

David,

Georgfa
villages c
house

blocks of flats b houses in the " Elena, Russia

prices

, big houses

house

prices c rooms in a house

\trhich sentences in exercise

are truc For vour

countr\:

' l.i[:t tl']il

oxford Speoking + Katie, Northern Ireland I Choose one of the topics belolr.. Make some notes usinq a terraced houses t blocks of flats c varjed homes the questions to help you. s Bea, England " Homes in your country and homes in Great Britain / , house prices t living roorns c house mates USA. Different? Hov'? . An extremely big house you have visited. \4',1rose?
u coroured houses " hornes in

. n 2

\\4rere? \\hat's it like? A part of your city where the buildings are quite uqlr-. Where? What do they look like? A part of your country u''here homes are fairh' cheap. \A4rere? Hou. rnuch? \'\4ry?
\Arcirk in pairs and tell each other about vour topic.
'.'i-.
,

I'm going to tell you about an extremely big house i ve

It's a friend's house, and it is outside the town.

:::

lt has -a'

bedrooms, and a very large living room ...

G lo ba I vo

ices

.-.'-

::

Recding
Read Aneta'.s description of her town and ansu'er

the questions.

r z :

\44-rat are the town's main attractions?

\\4rat

does Aneta like and dislike about the town? \drould you like to visit the town? \\4-ly?

Writing skll[s: giving more inforrmmfion

Make your,,l'riting more interesting bv giving rnore infbrmation about places.

Pnt the clauses withwhere in the best place in the email. t ..., where people go skiing in the u,-inter z . . ., where you can go for a day trip 3 . . ., where you can go fishing + ..., r'vhere vou can enjoy the natr-rral hot water all year round

Fneporimg fo wrife
\drork in pairs and ask each other the questions. LIse the useful phrases below to help vou.

l"onguoge $oears: fr and f&ere ! Arreta has forgotten to use i/ seven times and there
seven times.

r What's your to$m called? z \44rat sort of town is it? : \\4rere is it exactlv? + \4,hat is it like? s \\4rat are the main attractions? o \4hat can you do there? z \tr4rat is the u,-orst thing about the town? a \A,hat do you like best about the tow-ni ffi:;:j$e+' ::.,1*. :.;;,.,'' - : ?ii.*!"i4*:::,?<+.',i=:-..:ri: -: ::::
:

Write the words in the correct places in her

see

description.

/ medium-sized / large town / city / village. c lt's historical / modern / touristy / a bit quiet / quite lively * lt's in the north / in the south-east/ in the centre of ... s lt's on the coast / near the capital city.
e lt's a small

It will be great to

you again.

Complete the rules using ir or there.

Use aren't many bars. to talk about something vou have alreacl,v Use mentionecl. is near the mountains. - is r-ery old.
,'""
1:

* There are lots of shops / no historical buildings. * There's a medieval castle / no shopping centre. * There's a lot / not much / nothing to do (at night).

---is an old Tou'n Hall.

to talk about something for the first time.

Wni*img
\Vrite an email like Aneta's to describe your to\lrn to friend. Use,vour answers from above to help vou.
a

r ::

Gncrmmsn
Complete the sentences with
tl-re

Lecnmimg wCIrd$
correct words.
uo-r htLih

with prepe$;fions

r z

The Tou'er of Lonclon

wa.r build

/ ltuih in 1078
is Lisitedbv

! Work in pairs. Can you remember which prepositions were used in these sentences?
the moment. r Hi.I'm not home z The castle is known -- Dracula's Castle. r If you were in a country famous its food,

Every vear, Dracula's Castle eisited / aisit thousands oftourists.

to take photographs too close to 10 Dor,vning Street.

llould you learn how to cook it]

+ .; o ; s I t z : + s 2

I'rn bored at / with / on my job so I'm going to leave. If you don't / uon't / uonltLn't hurrv, yclu'll miss the bus. I lvould visit Brazil ilI haae / had / would haxe enotgh
f-ito11e\r.

You are

going

a three-day rrip.

You'll never pass the exam if yol clon't / uon't / didn|

stud\,'.

When you Nearn new words, it is a good idea to learn thern with the prepnsition they are used with. at hame ga an a trip interested in

You will

can,

coulcl see

lions if vou went on safari.

vocsbul$ry
Reacl the definitions and complete the li'orcls.

!a

2 Look up these adjectrves in your dictionary. Write the preposition they are used with and an example sentence lrom the dictionary.
Similar
to

an animal r'vith a verv long neck

the biggest anirnal in the u,orld an insect that makes hrinel. a book that tells you about places to visit something vou pack before ]/ou tra\rel

\'-_ b__
o

tr-

(t

Their situation is very similar to ours.

t z : +

different
married
related
keen

s_

Cornplete the directions Lrsing the correcl PreP0sirions.

Go

(1)

the road, the bridge :rnd the church.

(l) (i)

w
ffi

I I

Spec&<!mg I \drork in pairs and ask each

other the questions.

:t'.

&

Use a dictionary to find out whether these words are

used

with

to,

for or

on.

. . 2

If you coulcl live anl.r,vhere in the world, u.here woulcl you live, and why? \Ahat u'ould vour house be like? \A'here v'cluld yoli go if you could travei anwrhere in the worldi \\hat rvould t ou do there? \\4rat could you see?

\4rork in pairs. You are goingl on holida1, toeether. Discrrss rnd decide wherc r ou lre grirrg.
a tropical be:rch. Ti-rink of some
w-h1..

holiday r go 2 go a. drive the cinema 3 go t.l adnnk 4 gos go salari 6 go ----- a prcnrc acrulse 7 go8 go-aconceft o go lunch

t0 go

tour

.\: you \\,-ant to go to

reasons u-hy

-a

B: you \\-ant to go to a city. Think of some reasons

:.:::::::-.:'i:"';l:ri::,:i',4::r:::,::lri::! ::j:..:, .,' :::=:.*ti::-:i+.: :.i;,:U :j.li...: ..,aat a:: :.. :'..:.

.
a::

.:.:-44ta:..t:..:l;:;::::i'1 ;,., e

A: lf we go to Hawaii. we can ... c B: Yes, but ... is boring. lf we go to ..., we can ...

*f *i:=i r'+vie;"; ;i 3:i-:i:y'

;t ;l:l

Psrt I
Spmlieg & Li;t+*ir:g
?*** e**tec?*Fl V*e*!:uii
r,v Eli

e+st

Speoking snd Listening I \A,brk in pairs and ask each other the
qlrestions.

2
1

Replace the underlinecl words in exercise rvith the words in the box. There may be

nore dran one possible ans\,'er.

F***i*g
ir:'+.q

{i3{: *?:+rl

**e

sft

r r . 2

Hov-oflen do you get a cold?

Harre you had a cold yet this year? Do you e\rer take tirne off work or school

cough coughing fever head leg sick stomach ache toothache wrong

with

a cold?

i-i:i*::in*
{,arr*.s 6*v trgi*
ee*gltler*g*

s*ld

-lry to complete the information about the cornmon cold with the numbers in the box. There are t\\,-o numbers vou don't need.

\Vork in pairs. A: turn to page 127. B: tlrrn to page 129.

tJtr-}Ff:{Jt

24-48hours

#asEe*l lr*rE+s e exdsiae

months 2-5 200+ 2-3 years $g.S Oittion

2

50

Fronurnciafioar

6-10

ln r*r*qberg ","
& siqk
rtegg*

,lti *r.t$.ifu$*f virusss the!

*e*$* tfr*

I % T.*t Listen to rhe groups of u-ords. \\,hich word has a different ch or gh sound? t cheap cl-ricken choose machine z character catch technique headachc 3 tough enough ought cough 2
tft \Vrite the u'ords from exercise 1 in the
tkt

common c{]ld

th* *v*r*ge nunr**r *f *old* ** ***i9 g*t*

svergy*&r
r?h* avera6*

corfect c.rlutnns.

b*bf

**rnber #{ *eldg a *hilC Ss{s eveqr ysar

u*r

hlt

fl

silent

th* *verag* tlr*e y*u h*ve a *eiqi befar* ya* f*ei the $yrn$t*r*s th* aver6*e tirn* ir y**r life y** will *:av*
*.e*Fd the eqrct .trf th* e*n'!r**n *cicf ifi *he ll$ ev*1y year $r*r:l l*st tirne *t w*ik al"}d $*h*#li

3 %

?"*? Listen and check your ans\4rers.

3%

Vocobulory I Complete the sentences u'ith the correct

word.

Par,,

t.*3 Listen ancl repeat the sentences. s11.l',iun to the c/r and g/: sounds.

t z r + s o t

Wat's / Hou's the matter?

Ifeel / haae tired. I've got /Jeel a headache. I've {rot a btrtt / vttv throat.

t I've had enough ofthis cough. z I think I caught it from Charles. : He'.s had a headache lbr ages. 4 % ?"t':.t Read and listen to the poem
belou. Horl rrrany dillerent pronunciltion' of ough are there?
I take it you already know :,O.fJo,ugh:and .bqugh':aid:coughrqr-rd. dough,,

My back hutts / is htnts. I have a hlocked / blockittg nose. l'rn,/ /i'r' :rlwar s sneezing.
Language note: when you talk about feeling ill you can use I have or l've got.

: Otier$,may gtrumblF but.nef y6U;:::.

:,, ..... :',: :,

:,

.:On:hiccoughthorough,:s.lolrgh :and,throughi .,:AdrcadfrtljangFage?.jMan.alive,,,-,. I'd mastered it when I was five.

:,

.:,

t.,'

5
ie3lih

Tlt, to read the poern aloud.

l:**^*;**
Read the quote about the comtnon cold. \\h.rr adr icc r,r uultl i ou gir e t{ ) \( )nleonc

XIake ne\\,'sentences u'ith the u'ords in

brackets.

u-ith a colcl?
il ":: !i';:': l : ::.-:i: 1:r;!:::1;a:. t:., '.'.'t::: ;
:ia::.::.:1t :::::

Can't sleep at night? Advice for insomniacs ..,

Drinking' coffee before bed is a very bad
idea. (mustn't)
You mustn't drink coffee before bed.

.=

!;:':+

i: t\- a:j,:a::
ai': ata

r z r
1: :f

Trl' taking a warm bath belbre bed.

(shoukl)

l'\: :?, . ..::.a\: t!.ia:. ,a ii::.'a.:.. ::,::';

i,:.i- .':...:.lr

Sleep on a good bed. (thorilA

It'.s a good idea to see a doctor problern continues. (ought to)

if the

+ 2 ''*
,r-.:l I-isten to the different people

Sn'roking before you go to bed isn't a good idea. (shouldn'r) 'Iiy to qet some exercise cluring the dav.
(should)

'rns\\rering the sarne questiolt. List the

picnrres abtive in the order that,vou hear thern: eg b, ... Choose one ofthe verbs in dre box. again ancl rnakc notes on the aclvice i-ou hear u.ith that verb.
T.ister.r

*--"
e.ecA/q{sF}g!

s
and choose one.

3 Read the three situations

Situations

breathe drink eat go stay take wash

1
Then

You have been invited to a party tonight, but you don't feel well. Write a note to your friend. Explain the situation and apologise. You have a special exam tonight but you don't feel well. Write a note

Cornpare your notes u'ith a partr-rer.

2 3 *

check the auclioscript or-r page 157.

to your professor. Explain the situation and ask if you can do the exam
another time. You don't feel well today and you can't go to work. Write a note to your co-worker. Explain the situation and ask them to change shifts with you.

Gr*mm*exs"
You
Yotr

should eat garlic.

sbotrldn't lo ntt1, g.v(1'.it.. \'ou, really ought to wash you' hantls

regrLlarlr.
)/on

\Vork in pairs and srvap ,vour sick notes.

\trtite a short reply and give the person

some advice.

must stay in

bed.

. o .
T

use should

to give advice and make

suggestions
\\.e can also use ottght

to,but

shctuld is

more common Tnust is similar to should but is stronger

* l'm sorry but I can't ... * l'm sorry but I won't be able to
e l'm not feeling very well. e l've got ...

".

Use the pictures and your oll'n icleas to give advice to sorneone rvith a coid.
I think you should ...
I

* lthink l've got

e Sorry

...

to hear that you're not feeling well. * Don't worry, we / you can ...

don't think you should ...

" Get better soon.

==
-:..'-,-----Eaa: -- a

'##
;i t
H +.i*,:4 '& na :E

: ,..,
:

.rp,r-:{ \;;ui.fi ':p'15 -.. '+

$-.*+tF.

F t;;3':.., fi i+ #AEi' #. :i t 1l ?; --- =A

'8"*

zH=

Fcr:r? ?

tr;.tt:.;lr: i
1!:;:rii.: +:i :l t::i:?t-i1t i::l

w{}c#brj[trry
Cornplete the questions u,-ith the correct fbrm of the verbs.

tl

':itiar:.1 srr:s::

Have you ever...

iLl.aa.a,:i

lj

lit;1r-:ir::

d-:l

:t+.r

r*:.!rt:

an operation? in a hospital overnight? a bone?

744.j!4);'.

break
{q;.:it'! .t ;a,,:);!:':'?. :ji;:i:t'i tt+.".r*:e
:t:,*-3 ?+

have

stay

Do you ...

a check-up with your docior?

the dentist? How often?

any pills? go

for take

visit

&

\rVork in pairs and practise reading the text. Each person reads one line each. Pay

attention to tlle $-orcl stress.

Are you afraid of ... injections?

KesSrFrs

to hospital?

-___.

iil?

?
have

The u-ords in the box are fiom

a text

become go

caIIed Mile-rtones of modern medicine. Check

you understancl rvhat they mean. anaesthesia antibiotics

Choose one question frorn each box. Work in pairs and ask each other the questions.
Fnmaxtsme

disease DNA

vaccines

\Arl'rat clo you think the text is about?

iw?i*ra

Choose one ans\ver.

eroups with the same number of s14lab1es. Then rnark the

stressed s.vllable.

X Put these u'orcls into

alcohol Arabic medical operation

phannacy presen'ation
m

hospital

" important discoveries in n'redicine u the most serious diseases in medicine c a competition betu''een doctors * '% ?.-*3 Read and listen to the text on
page 105 and check your prediction.

originally
translation

# ?.:.:l Listen and follor,vlrab ittfluettces on merlicine to check vour answers. \4hat do you notice about the last s-v-llable of the u-ords?
S + l";ii
Listen and repeat the words

Read the text again and complete the sentences with the names of the milestones.

from exercise 1.

1 helped identifi' many 61i5s25s5. z --,*,,..--, reduced deaths from dirty water. ,,.*,-, 3 - *- reduced deaths by infection. 4 .--,-,-.-... helped doctors u'ith operations. 5 was invented to treat rabies. -rvere discovered by acciclent. 6 $ The British Medicnl Jozrrnal asked doctors to vote for the most jmportant milestone.
\Ahich do vou think won?

Gnsffixmsn
Docto't's cauld.

treat infections properly.

Do(tlts didn't haue to wnsh their hands. Pntients had to be awake duting operations.

ase could and coulcln't to talk about things that were or were not possible in

the past
use had to and di.dn't baae to to talk about obligation or no obligation in the past the past Form ol must is bad to

I Cornplete the texts with had to, didn't haae to or could.

The X-ray
Before 1900 if doctors wanted to know what was inside a person's

open it. ln 1895 a German professor called

body Wilhelm Rontgen was experimenting

they

with vacuum tubes. He discovered that

he

see the bones

inside his hand. He won the Nobel

Prize for Physics in 1901
.

ffiisks of *r:ruck*mg
ln the past tobacco companies

put

a warning on cigarettes. Doctors did not know that -cause cancer. People began to smoking

realise that smoking kills after two impodant medical

studies in the 1950s.

Work in pairs. Look at the words in the

Glsssary
bacteria (nounl - very small living things. Some types of bacteria
cause diseases

box and say what people could, couldn't or had lo do beFore these inventions.

identify

(verb)

- to

recognise something and to understand what it is a disease that is caused by bacteria or by a virus

ambulance anaesthesia eye glasses microscope thermometer wheelchair

infection

(noun)

labour (noun) - the process by which a baby is pushed from its mother's body when it is being born rabies (noun) - a serious disease passed from animals to humans

sanitation (roun)

- conditions and processes relating to ihe water supply and human waste

Fsrt 3

V*embes*ny

F{ecdrng
a-i.

? Look at pictures
go u'ith?

\\trat

sports clo thev

? I)o vou u.atch the C)lunpic

Games?
are?

*
: . i'i.

Lriok at the exxlnples and cornplete the

Do von knou. n'hen the next Olvrnpic Clames are? Do vou knou, rvhere they Tbll a partner.

table r,r.ith the trames of sports fi'orn exercise

:-.r
I

1.

*
aerobics
*..*.,*i
i i
I

Quickh'read the texts about the Oll'mpics on pirge 107. \'\'hat is the best u'arto complete the titlel
dreams

{i*!:t5?:a1i

i : :it::

rl::

a \Vll1l1efS

b S

. .l

losers recrlrr'ls

W v
...i;

.tg11

Read the texts again. \41-rat do you thir-rk happened next? \\rrjte a sentence in each gap. Tl.ren comp'.rre vour icleas u'ith a

Read the clues. \d/hat sport is it? This is a team sport. You play this sport

paftnef.

4 Tirrn 5
stories?

to page 130 to check\rollr ans\\rers

outside. There are eleven players in the team. You have to pass the ball to other
players with your foot. You have to kick

Do r ou hr,ru anv irrtercstirre sport

the ball into the goal to get a point. You mustn't touch the ball with your hands.

\trrork in pairs. Choose a sport from this page and n'rite sorne clues for it. Use the u.ords in the box to help you.

We win a game, competition, election

dive goal hit hole individual kick ride run throw wear

or prize. She rvcn ihe gclC medal. We beat someone in a game, competition or election. i4e b*at the alher rur:rterc iti the evefit. Complete the sentences rvith the correct
',1'ord.

1 2

$ns ii'-x3y; ,-,*ris / !l rri ni4 et 1lin,s. He beal I wcr his irrsl race rvhen h*'xas
tr'veive years

*ld.

li kus:.r
nreda.l.

beat , \N?ti ;lre

ISA io'
/'"vt:,

ri'r: ';r'ir.j Hc.s

,1

r_i:

, :h:rlr i t:-l;'

)elt
,-;.r.

i.ir:

i:c

gc*ri.

,Yr r e,i, i;ctic.r.las irstter

r't; cthe te.rli

risrmmffi:*s'
Rarnznn continued bnt the other swim'mers had stopped. He didn't wirz the ruce becattse the fficials had belped hhn.

use the past perfect to talk about an event in the past that happened before

another event or before a specific tirne

in the past

Complete the texts u.ith the correct

tt ords.

couldn't

go

had

lost

told

.\

1992 Olynpics, Barcelona, Spain f-er,r' r'ninutes befirre his hght, Iranian

boxer Ali Kazerni

juclges that

suddenlv

he
had

tl-re ---,-*,He in the ring.

.- his g'lovesl
had

fallen

thrown

lost

956 Olyrnpics, Melbourne, Australia

Soviet ror'i'er \iachcslav Ivanov onlv had his gold nredal fbr a fclr'nrinutes before hc ----- - ,,,- it. FIe r.r-as so happv he -- --.- the rncclai into the air and it into the la1ce.

'r

\\rrite re:lsons lihy the.e thines rnight

rn-c happenecl.'I'hen share vour icleas u'ith

, partner.

lhe athlete stopped

rr-rnr-ring ancl startecl

-:r ing^. ','aybe she had lost the race. Maybe she had
-,11

ancl ask the fbllou.-up questiorl

position in an organisation

A: Do you play a sport?

B'. Yes, I do.

her leg. Maybe she had won.

The football rnatch ll as cancellecl at the last minute. lhe nunrber one tcnnis pJat'er lost the 1]rst rn:rtch of the tournament. \n irnport:rnt basketbrll plaver could not
plav in a qalne.

A: Which sport? B: Volleyball.

plays a spor1.

Which sporl?

watches a sport on television. Which sporl? What team? is a fan of a team. has been to a football match. hates sports. used to play a team spott.
When?

whv?
When? \4,/i.,: s::_: Why nci?

doesn't do any spot1.

*.'*"'
,,:

*
4'. '. -- ,

".a""r#i,,-.
-.=-t'4'F.t:4i+ir:::::P,.F-nii;ii1r1:-::'-:):'.r:.1:1\a'ar;'ara'a-:t)at:.1:.;:ia:\:.',:r':2r-+:. c.' .
i

''. -.- -='4,,

.:

-:"..

:.

'*,i&:

jit t,=E!

,-:+.

+:" a.: t" 3 =+:iiP 1k4:

Fclrt 4

!i: :,'iti: iar :arl l!it,?:f*i'

Spe*kimg 3 Look at the picnrres. \Ahat do vor-r think

is happeningi

.r

i:

i,.:1

-i

-i i :

:.,

* *

\\rork in pairs. Choose one of the picnrres ancl prepare a short dialogue to go
u'ith it. Present,vour dialogue to another pair.

it

ii

tt:

:',: ":'.

: t

:::

:'::..::r';

Reeding cnd {-isienlng 3 {F,*'j.+t'' Read and ljsten to the dialogte

betu''een a doctor ancl his patient.

\,\hat

is

the good neu''s and the bad neu's?

* r z :

Cover the dialogue and tr-y to remember.

about recl meat? about salt? about coffee?

\Vhat did the doctor say ...

+ s

abclut exercise? about u.ork?

S +'li,,ril
different?

Listen to Mr Cartwright talking to his rvif-e about his doctorls appointment.

\{Ihat infbrmation is the same and u.hat is

D-Doctor

P=Patient

D: l'm afraid so, Mr Cartwright. l'm

afraid so.
P: I see.

D: Ah yes. Mr Cartwright. Please sit down. How are you feeling?

P: l'm fine, thanks.

D: I have the results of your tests.

D: You can't eat any more red meat.

It's really not good for your heart.

P:

P:

ls that all?
I

P: Oh good!
D: Hm. P: What's the matter?
D: Well, there's good news and bad
news. Good news and bad news.

oh.
on your food.

D: No. You also need to do exercise.

have a daily exercise plan for you
here.

D: You also have to stop putting salt P: Er. No meat, no salt. D: That s right. The other thing is

P: Every day?
D: That's right, Mr. Cartwright. Daily
means every day.

P: Give me the bad news flrst.

D: The bad news is, well, you aren't very fit. And you need to change your eating habits. P: Do you mean a diet?

coffee. Do you drink coffee?

P: Um, yes. Four or five cups

actually.

a day

P: What's the good news, doctor?

D: The good news is that you are healthy enough to go back to work. You can start again tomorrow!

D: Yes, well, only one cup of coffee

a day from now on. One cup of coffee. And no sugar in the coffee,
either.

P:

Oh.

Grmmxa'sxmr
'You are heahhy.' She saidl was heahhy. 'You can ellt sltne red meat.' She said I coald

Voewhulcry t Complete the story rvith.r'a1, tell or nsk.

cnt .tome red m.eat.

o .

use reported speech to say what

another person said

in reported speech, the verb often

goes

+ present simple present contrnuous > + present perfect + past sirnple

one tense back

perfect perfect other words such as pronouns can also change in reported speech

past past past past

simple conttnuous

Change the sentences to direct

speech.

Then check vour ansu.ers in the

z,

conversation on page 108.

#p, i,? E Listen and check your

Cornplete the rules with
sa1,,

arrs\\'ers.

The doctor told rne

'T /:na-'e

she had d1e test results.

"s
a

the test resuh.t.'

tell or ask.

r : ; + 2

snicl

u.as 1ine.

She said that I wasn't 1's;y- fit. She tolcl me that I couldn't eat any rnore red rneat. She tolcl me that I also needed to clcr some exercise.

ah'i'avs takes an object such as nrc, ltim, bet', the people.

b
c

never t:rkes an object.

., ,.,, can take an object, but doesn't

have to.

Change these sentences to reported speech. Then decide u-l'ro said each one: the cloctor or the petient. 'I'r.e felt ven' ill for thc last five d'.r1'5.'
The patient said he'd felt very ill for the last five days.

Spemleimg

i Choose four of these questions. Then u-ork in pairs and discuss the questions. u " * * * * . 2
Do rrou do anv exercise? Do you pref-er to exercise alone or u'ith
lriends?

r 'Y<ru clon't have a fever.' 2 'Itve orclered some more tests.) i 'I'm not f-eeling very well at the moment.' + '(ioing to u-ork isn't'.r goocl idea.' .; 'I can give ,vou a sick note.' r 'T have a bad l-readache.'
j:"n:* ". .'e=E: i:lf;i:"11',n!*1 ,li:{=5 -'

Did you do a sport rvhen you u'ere younger? \Ahich one?

W}rat are the best u.avs to keep fit? Do,vou have a family doctor? \\'hat's their namei Florv long have vou been
patient?

\\''l'rat food do you think is the

healthiest?

Do children in your country get

enough exercisel

\'Vork with

nev'partner. Report two

drings vou learnt from vour first partner. IJse snid cx told plus reported speech.

Wwrm r*p
Read the label. Find u'ords or phrases rv'ith these meanings.
1

2
3

+
5

takes away pain for a short period of time (4 words) a wolnan who is going to have a baby (1 word) ask (1 word) don't let chilclren touch this (6 words) might make you feel tired or sleepv (3 words)

ffi

How to read a drug label

Active ingredient
Acetaminophen 5009

\t-

dl

1t

r I, ,t*triT

lrlr,f$ti:l

Uses
Temporarily relieves minor pains due to

.
o

headache

backache

the common

cold . toothache

Warnings
Do not use with alcohol. lf you are pregnant, consult a doctor before use Keep out of reach of children. May cause drowsiness.

Lcnga*mg*

$meaxs: fc{&<irag

mbsut if$mess

Listen to the conversation again and cornplete the phrases

Directions
Adults and children 12 years and older. Take two tablets every four to six hours
as needed. Do not take more than
B

with one or more words. t I fbr a sore throat.

tablets in 24 hours.

z 3 + s 6 7 8 s
F

We this svrup or these tablets. better? ---**-rnanv How

Hou- often
before mealtimes. -_'..-.,.'-**- allergic to any ---l I'm afraid a prescription for that.

--?

You l.

---- a doctor if

Lis$ening

$pe0Krns
to a conversation in a pharmacy. What is
.dL

-? --.

ffi t.:g Listen

\drork in pairs and choose one of the tasks belou,.

the rnanls problem? \\4rat does he buy?

. -:,n5*

F: ,,1'::.;{ ,. ' .;:ll::!l:.;: 6:r,..:i;$l.Fiir' : t:a-:a:-'. iai.:1:i; -.. ..s-r:iii ! l: i .",:::.1;li.-l t :.tr':ti:::i:i.i: ." :'. 'ritt t

t"'r;.i:!{

Look at the audioscript on page 157 and practise the conversation. Then create a sirnilar conversation u,'ith di fl'erent information.

visit to the pharmacy. Use the neu' expressions you have learnt. Roleplay
a

A; you are visiting another country. You don't feel well.

.,.., .: :i i:iiilg i::- ;i :.i:;l+

Think of your symptoms. B: you work in a pharmacy. Listen to A and suggest

cough syrup

tablets

antibiotics

something for the problem.

Sports English
by David Crystal
Sports commentary is very familiar these days but it only arrived with the start of radio and television broadcasting. The term sports announcer was first used in 1923, soon followed by sporting cammentatar in the UK and sporfscasfer in the US. The modern British term, spot'ts commentator, dates from the 1930s.
above-average (adjective)

10

Sports commentating sounds easy, but it's difficult to do well, especially on radio, where a long silence can mean disaster. Detailed knowledge of the sport, keen observational skills, the ability to think on your feet, and above-average linguistic skills are essential. To make the job easier, commentators can use 'tricks of the trade' such as formulaic expressions. ln horse racing there are cerlain things commentators always say at particular moments such as They're off!, in the lead, and into the straight they come. This means there is less for them to remember and it helps with fluency.
Each sport has its own style, reflecting the atmosphere and momentum, from the wild excitement of football (lt's a GO-O-O-AL) to the quiet tones of snooker. There's distinctive grammar and vocabulary too. Commentaries are the perfect place to find the English present tense, both simple and continuous (he's looking for a chance... he scores ...), and incomplete sentences (Beckham to Kaka ... back to Beckham ...).

- good,

better than normal

discipline (noun\ - a subjecl or sport formulaic expression lpoun)

lots of times before

an expression that has been used

keen (adjective) * very strong

linguistic blend (noun)

a mixture of two or more words

neologism (noun) - a new word or expression, or an existing woro with a new meaning
(noun) - a person whose job is to g ve a description of a sporting event on television or radio as it happens

sports commentator

15

But if you're looking for new vocabulary, you'll find more in the keep-fit disciplines, such as yoga (with its hundreds of words taken from Sanskrit), Pilates (with its unusual pronunciation taken from the name of its founder, Joseph Pilates, 'puh-lah-teez'), and the combination of yoga and Pilates yogalates. And that's just the tip of the iceberg of new linguistic blends. lf you're into exertainment (exercise + entertainment) you'll know about the many kinds ol exergaming (exercise + gaming). The neologisms keep your tongue linguistically fit too.

'iff*c"rar

*p

E"*mga*mg* $*cxxs

Read tlre definition of -rports c0t11ntenrlil)t'. Are there anv rvell-lc-roll'n sports commelltlt()1's in t-our countn'? l\h:rt are thel'f'.rmous for?
id J1tr9 f* I q* F:

3 Look at the erpressions questirins be1ou,,

ir-r

bold in the text. Arsu'er

tl're

If you tlsink ottyr.ttu'Jcet,vctrt... a rfe 0 r-ery quick runner.

*f

text Spot'r.r Eng/is,&. Tick (rz) the topics that nrentioned. There are t\\ro topics t'ou do not neccl.
Reacl the

are

t c z

have good idcas ancl make decisions quickll'.

" b c .l " f 3 a t, c a c

different words lbr sport

sports
co111111ent:1r1'

sffle of spcakinu
winners ancl losers English s-rAlnnr'.lr
new vocabularv
Read the text aglain ancl fincl exalnples of ...

get llervous in a dilficult situation. If u.e sev solnethirtg ts the tip oJ'the icelterg, it rneans ... " there is a lot more of it that vou can't see. b there is onlv a little bit of it. . it is a verl- clangcrous thing.

Put each of the cxpressions into an exarnple of r oltt'

Tell e p:rrtner.

Sp*mkir"tg
\{'ork in prirs and ask each other the questions. . Do you cnjol'listening to colnlnentators:

something r,'ou neecl to be a good sports colnlnelttator. a 'ftrmrulaic expression' that hclps colnlrelttators sound rnore fluent. an exanrple of an iucciurplete sentellce usecl itr sports.

. .

\\''l-iat sports clo vou like to r,vatch? Do vou do anv eterulnin.g?

a'keep-fit'sport.
a

neologisnl.

[f {rfr f,{ ri ,.trv rakuu ! r.r

Wri*ing slcills: givimg exsrmples

We

? Read the question from an online forum. Then read Darinat response and tick (r') the suggestions she makes.
take exercise at home go for a walk go on a diet have an exercise plan join a gym spend a long time exercising take up a new

use/r

exatnple,for instaTtce or like to give examples.

Find three places in Darina's ans\\rer u'here she could us. one of these phrases. Where would you put a cornma?

hobby/sport walk or cycle to work

2 r z :

Complete the sentences with the correct phrase.

Tr,v not to use your car so much. You could walk or cr-cl.

to the supermarket,

Why not take up

oo@

tennis or swimminet a sport Consider getting up an hour early to take exercise. vou could go jogging, or go for a swim. -.

-tum.d*w -{#w ffi

d#%
Health & Fitness Expert

Lcnguege $oeus: giving cdviee 1 -, at Darina's response again and underline Look
phrases she uses to give advice.

the

* r z I + s

Correct the sentences belov...

\A4rir you don't see a doctor?

Consider to go fbr a long walk. You could starting a sport. Just try be positive. You should to watch less T\1

Frepcring fo write
? Work in pairs and choose one of the problerns belou. Think of some solutions.

2 \trrork u'ith another pair u'ho chose the same problem. Did thev think of the same solutions as you? " I feel tired ali the tine. * I'm having problems getting to sleep at night. * l,{y seven-year-old son loves fast food and unhealthy snacks. F{ow can I get him to have a more healthy dieti

e lnstead of ..., you could ... e Don't ...; ... instead!

o

Alternatively, you could .".

e Most importantly, you should ...

Do

yor-r

do any of the things that Darina suggestsl

\\hich

do 1,6rr think is the best suggestionl

Grmrwmma.

Using your dictioncry: explpr;ng

esl$sss8i*r"ss
Coli*cati*ns ai'e wcrcis which are often us*ri
*nnall-rar -, ^51i ^^ r^L ! d Lvru u6tu!

? Put had to, didn't hnae to, cou,ld or couldtt'r ir-r the gaps. t I broke my leg so I stav in hospital fbr six
u'eeks, and

z I '---^'bcines.

---',.-*.,,. have an X-rav

u.alk lbr two months.

because

I hadn't broken anr.

* sore thrnat
in

Cornplete the sentences with the past simple or past perfect forrn ofthe verbs in brackets.

2 r

{n*t Mrc a eoidi

inot a M thr*at)
the Macm,illan Essential

(develop) modern rnedicine, Befbre the u'orld the Arabs --,, ,- (fbund) many hospitals. (eat) too (f-cet) sick because I I much chocolate.

X Look

at these entries

Dictionary.Notice how the dictionary gives information

about collocations.
health (noun)
1 the condition

3 Cornplete the sentences to report the conr-ersation. t A:- You're u.orking too hard and vou don't take enough
exercise.

ofyour bodv, especiall1, whether or not

)/ou are lll Hi.r health improaed once he stolfe d uar&ing. Shes had serious health problems. Lola i.r 85 and still in ury good health. My father has been in poor health

The doctor told rne I B: I'l1gil'e up my job and take up jog'ging. I saicl I

for

some time.

Adverbs often used -uith

i//

V*e mbw**ny
Cornplete the sentences with the correct
v,-orcl.

critically, dangerously, desperately, gravely, seriously, severely + i11: used for saying that someone is very i1l

beat feel have have hurts matter see sore take won t You look ill - whatt tl-re ,,,,--? : I --------- sick. : I've got a throat. + You should a doctor. an opcration. i I hrvc to -o I-af'ever. r My back -'---'. g Yotr shoLrld - rrl o aspirin. q He me at table tennis. ro N,Trnchester United . ., the football Spem$e[ng w*'ad Wx'lfirng

Work in pairs. Try to guess which verb is not used with each noun below. Then check in a dictionary.

... exercise 1 a get u do c mtke a take ... fit z a keep I build c get a be i a call b see c order a send for ... a doctor 4 a cause u feel c make a relieve ... pain S Complete the sentences with the correct option.
Then check vour answers in
a dictionarv.

rnatch.

r I have a strotzg,/ heaay cold today. z He was strongly / uiolcntly sick last night. r I had a heaay / splitting headache yesterday. + She is a heary / strong smoker. 4 Use your dictionary to answer the questions. r You can catch a cold.Whatelse can you catch?
You can have
a

I \\rrrrk in pairs. Tell each other about a race, match or sporting event you have seen. Then u'ork in a nerv pair and report u'-hat vour partner told you. ? \A,rork in groups of fbur. \Lrrite dourr a real or invented problem. Then swap your papers and u'rite advice using shottld, shouldtt't, tnust or tutstn't. \ilho gJave you the best rdvice?

heabfu tliet.What other adjectives go

with diet?
You can have a sare thrnat. What else can be.iorei You can
recooer
recorLer

jlom an illness.What else can you

rrucrcjs,

frorn?

Renrember
!n

t* recar*l *ollocati*ns, nci jiist y*ur vccabulary note{:oE:k.

Dnr+

fi+rrrJli:ir E,rr::r.'+

i-i::+-::

-ir:r
g

S+:'.g'#+:r*

:;::i:'t:'

:.:

Kefrdlng onc Ltsrenlng ? Look at the book cover and read the
introduction to Braae lr{ew Words on page 1 I 5. \A4rat do you think the book is about?
P"

l.

I . .

Voecbt.lSmry

l.i*=; =*:r*ri* i*
{ttti'i!&':+i

3 Work in pairs. I-ooli at tl-re pictures belori and read tl-re captions. ft' 16 guess the meanings of the words in bold.
t;Fi!:irj.=..r,)::

&

?.i;.: Listen to an interview \ ,'ith the

; l.ti:;,:. :
y,;;? ::t

:a

:.,....:'

author of the book. Nurnber the topics in

'*

::r.:: a: :..'.:4,.

ti

i'.al.+

-r

t1t

4a t r

the order you hear them.

rbbrevia tions borror,r irrg ra ords combining parts of words comhining words giving ne\\r lneanings to \l,'ords

q"1t:stls": s

s Maybe it means

...

* lt could be a kind of

...

freiTtaitir:*p .*+r+*

* Match the words in exercise 1 to the definitions below. There are t\,vo c1efir-ritions vou clon't need.
a kind of car tl-rat procluces carbon -.,-, the amount ofgreenhouse gases that an

S Listen again and match the example words to the categories in exercise 2.
brunch DVD
text
mouse tsunami

activity produces
a

Japanese love story u'hich is u-ritten fbr

--

women

messages
windows

virus

Can you think of any new words in your language? What are they? \A4rat do thel' mean?

to search for something on the internet using the search engine Google '-a number game fromJapan u'hich is now popular in English newspapers ,-*.

3 * * * *

\4/ork in pairs ancl ask

eacl-r

other the

questions.

Do you ever google infbrmation on the ri'ebl Have vou ever googled vour o\\-n natnei Have you e\rer done a sucloku pvzzle? \44rat are sorne u'ays ofreducing vour
carbon footpr:int?

_,.*:_:ir:.H: 3::trtrJral:

John tried to google information about Kenya for his next holiday.

His carbon

footprint is bigger than yours.

was trying to finish her sudoku.

Grornmor
Kercy Maxzuell is soweone rlbo has wl'itten books about new words in Englisb.

Tlunami is a Japanese worul which has becorne frequentlj, in Englkh. Brancb is a meal tbat people can have at 11
used aery o'clock

in

the w,otning.

. . . I r

use relative clauses to give information

about sometling or sometrody if we are talking atrout a person, w.e use

zt:ho

or that

if we are talking about an object, we use uhirh or that

Complete the definitions with who or An emoticon is ...

uhich.

a a sylbol b
a strong

is used in email

messages to show emotion.

emotion people have about computers. c a person doesn't show their emotions. An internaut is ... a 2 prson
in an office.
works for
a

i:j:!:::,lii::!:tti

5.:,;iF.11::.J:,!li

short time

g. :ii:ti# ,'.', E :,.,

Fri:,i.',in;l'i

b a game
internet.

people play on the

spends a lot of time

i*j,:,_.:r,e

c ? prson t
on the internet. Hinglish is ...

a a persoD t' .
a language

comes from the

Writing
Work in pairs and choose one of the boxes. You are going to write definitions for some
new words.

country Hingland.
is a mixture of

English and Hindi. clothing from India on your head.

you wear

Work in pairs. What is the correct definition of each word?

,& fffi Grammrr {o<us - ).i, .t:1' r::; " F *. e w ,Ce ct dei'',ne ,.i.,.re. ,\n puSe 51
l,.ri

M#

ffiruffiw
2
ii:

Purt

:::r.:il,:

r:r

9!*rer
i:...1tjjr.+

Vocobulory I Put the words in order from srnall to

large. Use your dictionary to help you.

Read the text again :rnd cornplete the sentences r'vith the sar.ne place nanres.

#*q; piqe*:* ir: * **v,"

:,+'*eld

il:r*r'rr
*ef
!r:lgs.:

capital city continent country ptanet state / province town village

;*rti*H+
i

1 z 3

is r.rot part of the US. is very big and dry u'as nearly destroyed. .+ has rnany people u'ho travel someu'here else for r.vork or school. -

fi:*i

planet

i;::tr:: i r:..
r

4:si*:**1 q**!tB$

2 t z : + s 3

Circle the ll'ord that does not belong in

each group ofwords.

Africa Dallas Mars

Armenia Asia Frankfurt Italy Jupiter Singapore California Canada \Vashington Tokyo Liverpool Paris
Choose a word frotn exercise 1 ancl write

was a Dutch colonlr 5u'as r,isitecl byViking's. 64 Finrl u.ords in the text w-ith these meanings. r - place where something is born ir 2 to strrt l ciq or orgrnisation 3 verv special or unusual + to travel regularly to ar.rd from rvork 5 Do you knou.ar-ry other place nalnes that

begin with the u.ord,\'ctr? \A/hat are thel.?

:' * .': ;-. ,

." A,lew is a very general

dou'n some examples. Then include a word that does not belong. \Arork in pairs and tell each other your \\'ords. Say the odd one out.

word. We sometimes use words with more specific meanings that sound more natural in a particular context.
advanced, cuttingedge, ffildern innovative, fresh latest, recent brand new

Hou' many places in North Anrerica can you write dor\''n in one
minute? Cornpare your list with another
p:rir.

Reoding I Work in pairs.

equipment, compuiers ideas films, books something just

bought and never
usecj

Replace the r.r'ord neu

in

tlte dialogues u'ith

Read lr{ew places in a neu uorltl on page 117 and write the names in the correct places.
New

more suitable word or phrase. 1 A: ls that your car? B: Yes, it's new. I bought it yesterday. 2 A: Did you speak to Jeffrey about the
project? B: Yes, I did. lt was very helpful. He has a lot of new ideas. A: What did you see? B: The new Tarantino film. lt was OK.

Jersey

New

Mexico

New Orleans

Newfoundland New World New York

l*

*l*

ffimwr p$mmsm
ln the
.15th

nm.ru

,:i rn$uBf

suorld

century Pietro Martyr d'Anghiera, an ltalian historian, was the first person to give the . The prefix New continent of America the name De Orbo Novo, which means the for cities and regions of Norlh America has since become very popular. Here we collect a few new places to live.
is located in the American state of the same name. lt s Nicknamed the Big Apple, probably the most famous city in North America. Founded on Manhattan lsland in the 17th century by the Dutch, it was originally -called New Amsterdam. is a province in Canada. The province is in the east of the country, and the newest one - it ioined in 1949. Because of its position it was one of the first parls of North America that European voyagers discovered. The Vikings arrived here in AD '1 000. is in the south-west of One of the largesi states in the United States of America, the country. li is a very dry state. and is covered in mountains and desert. The state was one of the original Wild West states, and the population is unique for its Spanish, American and Native American mix. is famous for its multicultural Capital of the state of Louisiana in the south, history and nightlife. lt is the birthplace of iazz. The city went through a dark period in its history in 2005 when it was almost destroyed by Hurricane Katrina.

Grommor I Look at the highlighted

r'\rilnplcs ,tf thc irt rltc tert iurd nrrlclr thcrn to tlrc rules a-d beloui \\re use t/:e when ...

to join Canada

. u

there is clnlv one of this person or: thing. this persorl or thing has been ref'errecl to befcrre, in tl-re text.
phrese.

. it is plrt of a name. a it is in a superlative

Locatedinthenor1h-eaSt,-isoneoftheoriginal13statesoftheUSA'
Because it's so close to New York, people sometimes call it the bedroom staie as hundreds of thousands of its people commute to and from the city for work or school every day.

1r

t:i,-':

\:

-,:-/

"it

\'

,,

'l j

i
;

.') !/

,.1

a-! _. !,. '-.1 " |a l.)-'!: ',j -rl 'rt

Newfoundland ttt't^

\rts

,1

'-/7"'-.,-

,"

ieNew York

IJSA

&,)

.--.

*ir

NL*
Jersey

I
jt
1...
1

: -./

,i1

,'--'l.rffioi#".'
.=. MEXICO
'r-J

Speoking

/'
There

-.-.: -----.

\Vork in pairs. Read

tl-re

incomplete
i ti:ink

rlLrotes about A.rncrica '.rnd them r'i.ith vour owlr ideas.

try to fir-rish Then u,ork u-ith

the nroet ur:-

Am*i'icn
is

is nct a black America anci a \', i r: America anc ia: ^: America anc -s :.America -:-a-a s

inother pair

ancl share 1'our ideas.

Am*ri*an thing

a...

2 3

\\Ihich are the best quotes? Are thev

ys* can say

All great ehange in America begins
at

positive, negative or neutral about A.merica?

Re:rd the original qLrotes and llncl out u-ho saicl them on page 130.

frngland and Am*rica

are

th*

...

tw* *cuntries
4...

$eparated by

t--+i**

f:

itii

t:

aa

!:

{..

Vmembarsry smd
E ;: :.?t i +r ;,:, r +-r
i.,....1.:,.-,i1r ut't+

Specking

? \dhat

different fonns cif transport can

Pnonuncisfion I # i1,f4 Listen and repeat the consonant

clusters and u-ords.

vou see in the pictures?

i:i;l';{+ tit i 1}:,tE }ttrittia'a..

? r 2 : +

\\/hich of these fbnns of transport ...

have wheels?

/pl/, plane /trl, tracks

/st,/, stop /str/, street

go on tracks?
have wings? have an engine?

{$ Tick (r') the correct collocations to

complete the chart.

2 % ?.i5 Listen and repeat the sentences. r The driver tried to drive the train off the
trr r:ks.

z : +

There are still school students at the

stop.

br-rs

The station is straig'ht dou'n this street. Piease don't play with the plastic planes.

Reoding I You are going to read an article about an

old car called the Ttabant. !\'rhich of these words do yoll expect to see?

&

\Arork in pairs and ask each other the questions.

o * *

cheap communist fans Germany jokes nostalgic pollution smoke speed

fly

Which of the fbmrs of transport harre you used? \\hich do you prefer? Are there any forms clf transport that you
never trse?

2%

?"i* Read

ancl listen

the T)'abant on paie 119 and check

to Otd but loaed. your

answers. Read the text again arrcl

1

find ...
a

three reasons why the tabant isn't

ven

good car. three reasons that shou'the'lrabant is still popular.

4 \\rork in pairs
6

and discuss the questions.

Have you ever seen a Tiabant? Are there any objects that make yc'ru nostalgic fbr the past? \4hich ones?

3#a
-=.;*lE:=I
,:i

q#r#ffis?3ffir

l,ook through dle tcxt

ar.rd

trv to firtd

exarnples of the verb forms below.

* regular and irreqular past tense verlls u :r continuous tense * the present perf-ect * going /o future u a llrst c<,inclitional + past simple passive 3 Cornpletc the tert belou. rvith tl-re
eun'e('t lot'nt oi tltc' r crhs.

The Model T
The American Ford automobile company (exlst) since 1903, and is one of the biggest car manufacturers in the world.
T. lt (be) the Model One of its first cars *" (build) by the Ford Motor Company from 1908 1o 1927. The president of (want) a the company, Henry car that was practical and not expensive for the (cost) American worker. The Model T around $300 igo) up io 70km an hour. lt was one of the first cars to be produced on an assembly line. By 1930 Ford -,-.*,*-----(produce) more than 10 million Model T cars, making it the most popular car in the world.

Gios*ary
exhaust (noun) - gases or steam that are produced by an engine as it works model (noun) - a type of vehicle that a company makes

*--*

--

Ford,

nostalgic \adjective)

renemberi rq

happy times in the past

and

As newer cars came out in the 20s and 30s. people,.-- - -".-". (sfarf) making jokes about the (be) still fan Model T. But today there . clubs of the Model T, and people still --.*-*.---..---ldrive) them at old car shows.

-.

S Complete the questions u'ith the correct forrl of dre verbs. r \\'hen - (/o) vou get vour dril-ing licence? (/o) ,vou have a car? \Vhat kind? z ....-.-,,.-(De) your first car? r \\l-rat + \\4rat is the fastest "voll .,----.... ,...,..,,- (exer tmael) ln a car? s \A/hat is tlre fr-rrthest you ,.-'_ , ,-- (eaer tra;"eD in a car? 6 .--..-,__-. (harc) yort e\rer ,-------.. ,, (.haae) an accident? (con hae ei) an]'kind of c:rr, what ^^-- ,*z If vou
choose)?

()'att

8 ,,.,,.-----. (be) the traffic bad wl-rere you iive? e ,,,.---- (be) lt difficult to {ind parking where vou lir-ei (&e) the best clriver in your farnilyi ro \tr'ho --l.g-_-j,.,.$

tit',ttt,-,t,,,t'ii '!=;:lia'. " .' .,:;:-::.:::" l!'' ::'

-:l

r:-

:a-,

:"

:.'.'

'

&p##K8ffiffi
Choose six of the questions front exercise 3 abor-e. arrd lsl cach otlrcr the qtrestions.

**

\\brk in pairs

{:C{
D-.+ 'l
:

i3

a::

{l{,x::i11{ r3r}l+

l* 5:*ir.+:

L!Srenrftg

? Look at the pictures of tu,o classic board

*er'i:..

r*iii1i:r
i:: r .:

games. Do you know- these garnes? Have vou ever playecl them? Tell a partner.

?::

:: i::.r

2 # t.li 3

#us-q*g
::r

Listen to a talk about the invention of these games. Hov' many things do they have in commonl Listen again. \Vhat do these words and

r,.r,.r:i:-'ii:',r;

**r*!+::q+ +it'+3+ +
it-.?

+:zcitri:;:;

numbers mean?

.--:li.:;

i.r ,

:: iri

GreatDepression architect
by

& Ezr:*,.:* ***r-

hand

two or

more
25+

750 million +

200

million 80+
.il',+.'
a

+effi1i=-i'
ia;+.j:

::

. :.':

Flf.,ii.,i+:;;j,l;..,.,, . *l*}li:r,i:'. :':' -: : .

ff-il:ii.itii,:ii.:i :ria:i:!j:*:i:r.ii ::i,': .i !:i::-:1:1 :: : :

&rmm'em'asr
Both garnes are succes{ul today. It{either game was succes{ul at first. Both of tbem at e succes{ul wot'lfuride.

Make is a very general word. We sometimes use words with more specific meanings that sound more natural in a particular context.

factnrreg bulldings effects

new thinus

ih;ngs macie

in

out;C. mantfaciltre.

Drodur:e

. . . !

use both

build
-gerisraf

problerns, changes, cause" prcduce,

is used

to talk about two things. Both with a plural noun and a plural

verb
use neitber to say something negatil'e

d*sEn, develop,
invent, create

Replace the rvord rnake in the sentences with a ffrore suitable u-ord. More than one ansrvver rnay be possible.

about two things. Neither is used with singrrlar noun and verb
use both of

neither of

trith a piural

noun or pfonoun
Wrork in pairs. X{:rke sentences about Scrabble and l'Ionopolv usinli these prompts
plus both or neither'.

1 ! 3 zl 5

The irafflc in the afternaon makes lots cf proi:lems" They ale rnaking a nerr bank in ihe centre of town" These cllrs are maCe in a Kcrean fact*ry. Aifreci Butts rnade the game cf Scrabbie. We ve n:ade t ne\rv aotcpuler croEritm

I z I
;1

galnes are American inventors didn't have a job games are plaved on a board q'ames \\,.ere not acceptecl by toy

\Vork in pairs. FIow manv sentences can vou nake u'ith these ideas in three minutesi
Eoth of us ...
irieither 0f us
.

s *

companies at lirst games are published in over

5 languag'es

".

r s=r::trgz+s

! t+t:

z:

**

i:..

a-i i t

; i t t-.: i ;,:

:.. .:,.,-

:::

a:

i;:..:::-':)a

t. i.tr

l_ji.ria:

,:r ati::11'::::: r.t\. i--li::rjrt :

..r..,1

Vocubule

ry

Fromume iotiom

Complete dre texts rvith the words jn the

! r 2 :

Put the u.ords in the correct order to the

ro11 dice it'.s

box.

rnake useful game phrases.

board dice miss a turn money points square

turn

turn

your

a card pick

'+ turn rniss a

Scrabble
Scrabble is played with letters. Different letters are worth different
Each player has seven letters per You put the letters on the make words. and

s again go o highest goes rolls first u.hoever 7 your is which piece s cheating ncl * # l"l"i* Listen and check your ans\\.ers.
Then listen and repeat the phrases. Try to
copy the intorration.

The object is to get as many points as possible. lf you can't make a word with your letters, you

)peoKrng
\drork in groups cif three or four. You are going to play a board game. Turn to page 131 ancl read the rules. Then play the game

l.

Monopoly
ln Monopoly, players roll a and move their counter around the board.
Each on the board represents a property. lf you land on someone else's property, you have to pay them. The object is to collect propedy and make

2 r z l

Look at the picnrres of other ciassic board games. Match each sentence to one of the games.

the end of the board {irst. You move around the board and answer questions. There are sixty-four black ancl white squares on the board. The objective is to win different coloured pieces when you answer correctly. There are snakes and ladders on the board. You go down snakes and up
Ti-re object is to reach ladders.

The object is to capture your opponent's

kirg. 3 Work in pairs and discuss these questions.

a

Have you ever played any of these

games? Do you like theml \Vhat other board games do you know?

Wmrrm

a.lp

L*ergax*ge $*e*xs: *fr#;{?#

# s*rFv*r*mt's**

\\rork in peirs ancl choose tu'o of tl.re situations Lrelor,r'. Ilave a one-rninute coilrersation fbr each sitruttion.
Situations

? t 2 * *
I
)1-1

Pnt thc r.r.orcls in thc coi-lcct orclcr to rrrrtke usclul e'oinq'be I'd
r1o\ri
,"...r:: ':'

phrases.

1 2 3 4

reallr'J qo to

You are strangers. lt's very hot outside. A: start talking

better : of{to rush sorrr' h'lve + I be q'oir-rs- shrulcl

\rlur
iuls\vcrs.

to B about ihe weather.

You are friends. A; you are learning to drive.
Tell B about it. You work together. A: you are going somewhere special

l, : Listen lnci checL

-ll'rcn

listcn

ru'rrl

repeat the phr:ases.

'1-,.., .r

,' . Listen tri the encl of-fir'c conversrti()]rs. \\thich

on holiday. Tell B about it. A: you are the boss. The company is closing. Tell B the

v.orcls clo t-ou l'rerrr? C)onrplete thc u'oru1s r'r-itl'r thc corrcct lctter:s.

11__-__)-

:+

\\'

bad news.

:o
tup##K$81#

5ert **

LEsferx&erg

3 j+

:1"iit*:i"],ii Listen to t\\'o con\ersrtic)ns. .\Tatch elch

\\'irrk in pairs

rrrrcl choose

one of the t:rsks bciou.

r1eu,
e

olre to a situation abor-e.

A &
o1:

Repe at the rirrrnr up

activitr using the

rpLess;,,u'

Listen rgain and ans\\rer the qucstions.

1:

r,orr h:n'c lcltrut.

Conversrtion

\\'hv

Hoil- does cach nran f'ecl? do ,vou think thei. feel tliis u.avl

Clreare
br.,x"

r con.,'ersrrtiou

nsinq' only the *'ords rnd phrrrse t

C.onlcrsatit.rn 2: Does the n,ornan l-rave qoocl nrernclries the past? \\''hr'?

in the
pra

\-ou can usc cach phr:ase lnore thiln oncc.'I'ircn

ctisc thc conr-crsati<in.

OK,

Anyway. Bye. Goodbye. OK. See you. \Alell. Well, l'd better ...

then.

Right

Yes, of course.

Warrm up tr \Arrrte clor'vn three words

L0nguqge focus: you Knaw

you have learnt recentll'.

tft

\\rork in pairs

Tiy

'.rnd qive definitions fcrr t-our u.orcls. to g;uess u.hat yolrr partner's u'ords are.

X Bea talks about the expression),0u knlit. Rea<l about hou lve use this expression in the box. \\Ihich uses did Bea talk
r.rbout?

Language note: We can use you know ...

Listemimg
'#s:1.',1i':i,iil'l Listen to seven people talkine about their favourite u,ords and expressions in English. Nurnber them in the orcler 1'ou he:rr them.
a\\-eso1le anci legenclary

a u c d

for emphasis.
It's a difficult test, you know.

while we think about what to say next.

This is a brand new phone. lt's a, you know, phone with

Oh my godl

video and music and everything. when we are giving extra information about something.
Have you seen my English book? You know, the black one.

gorgeous

_ -

perhaps

harmon\'
love

you lcrriu.

-- -

2 Listen again ancl choose the correct ens\\-ers. I Artl-rur, ficlrn France, likes the expression because he z : + s o ;
lrcars it irt strllgi / ttto:'it.t. Dieg'cr, from ltalt', thinks there nre / nren'f a lot of ven' interesting u'orcls in English. Kristina, from Russia, l-rearul people use her frrvourite u.ord u'hen ther,' talked abolt clothes / the uettther.

before we start to talk about a person or thing. You know the Japanese restaurant near the school,

well, it's closing.

Elodie. lrorn Su'itzerl:rnc'1, likes her favourite rvord because o{ the spelling / prontmciatiort. Senrih, lrom Tirrker,-, says his favourite u'orcls make hirn
feel hnppt, /.fitnn1,. Bea, frorn England, thinks hcr favourite u.ords are usefu1 becatrse thel, gii;e her time to tltink / thel rnaan ktts tf' diJferenr things. Gut-, frorn Engiand, likes his u.ord because of the sound, the structllre ancl because it doevt't erisf in ntry lthel'
lnngturge

2 Aclcl-yozr kttoi.;: to the sentences be1ou,. r This is an old card g;anre. (add ernphasis) z I dcin't feei r.r'e11. (acld n hendache, sore throfi) : lle uon:rn Olyirpic rneclal. (add emphasis) + I had never heard that befbre. (begin with Ytn knozt) s It r,r.as a big^ chanse in her life. (add.r*e tis netet'the srnte
agaitl

Spemkimg

tr

\A.rrite doum tu.o or three of 1'our favourite u'ords or

expressior.rs

in English.

/ it

exists

in lots

c,J'other languages.

? \Vork in sm'.rll groups. Te1l each other about vour favourite English u.ords or expressions and u'lry vou like thern.

" My favourite expression is ...

a I like it because ...

s I don't know why. 6 I agree. lt's a good word. o I don't know. I don't like it very much.

Recdlmg
Nlagd:rlena's nerv Enc'lish teacher hrrs asked her to r'r'rite a report on her pr-evious lang;uaee course. Read her report. Did she enjov the cciurse? Whv?

Writing skills: giving reasons

r\'{ake .r'our vn'r:itir.rg rnore interesting b1- g'ir-ing reasotts usins'
beuttLse ctr

ts.

I enrolled on a language course as / because I wanted to

improve my English.

I Put these reasons repoft. r 2 :

cl ass.

ir.r

the correct places in r\{aedalenat

... because I u-anterl to practise speaking outsicle the ... ils this u.as a glood wav to practise on m\/ o\rn. ... because the classes rvere alrvavs r.ariecl ancl never
boring.

.+ ... as I rm quite shl-.

s ... as I still malie :r iot of rnistalies. 2 Complete the scntences u.ith a reasorl. t I u.ant to improve rnv English as z Sometirnes studyir.rg Englisl-r is difficult --.
Prepaning to write
\\brk in pairs and rnake
this firrrnat:

because

notes about vour present Enghsh

colrrse. Use the useftil phr:rses belor,r' to help vou. Follou, Paragraph 1: information about the course (level, length, number of students) Paragraph 2: what you did during the course Paragraph 3: feelings about the course, progress and areas to improve

F-ill rn X'Iagdalena's end-of-course report.

- month course at level. She has worked hard, both in class and after class in the She has made good progress, especially in her However, she could still improve this, and also -. needs --.work on her to and
Magdalena has completed a

E"aarguage $oaus: -

/ an $or new -.
a singular nor-rn

in$ormsfissr \\re use t or nn u'hen

r We did a lot

rve

write about

lbr the

lirst time. Ilagdalena wrote:

Last summer I studied English for one month in language

We did a lot of / some listening / speaking activities. of / some grammar exercises / games / communicative activities. I really enjoyed speaking but I wasn't so keen on grammar.

school in Oxford.
She sl.rould rvrite:
Last summer I studied English for one month in a language

e I need to improve my reading / writing / study skills. e I need to extend my vocabulary / work on my pron unciation. o I made progress in my listening / writing / grammar.

r I should try to speak more /

be more accurate.

school in Oxford. Fincl thr:ee rnore places li'here trIagdalena forgot to use /r or dr. rurd correct them.

Wrlting
\Vrite a report like '\{agdalen'.r's fbr your next English
a teacl-rer. Use vour notes to help vou. Check,vour report

for

/ nn 'ancl correct past tense forms.

: ,

=:.::t,":ir:

Gronnmqn
'I'lre u.riter of this text has f<irgotten to use the eler.en times. Put it in the correct places.
China is largest country in East Asia. Population of China is over 1.3 billion, and capital city is Beijing. One of most famous buildings in Beijing is Forbidden Clfy. This is where last Emperor of China lived, and today it is visited by millions of tourists every year.

Evelusfinrg your pronunis*ion I \,Vork in pairs and cliscuss the questions.

I

Hov'u'ould you describe your pronunciation

of English? , I speak like a native speaker. u My pronunciation is generally clear ancl
comprehensible

Sport is very popular in China, and 2008 Olympic Games were held in Beijing. Every morning many people practise qigong andtai chi chuan in city's parks. Go is another famous game that was invented in China. lt is played with counters on a board, and objective is to control
largest part of board.

" a

I have a noticeable accent but my pronunciation

mostly cornprehensible. I have a strong accent and am sometimes hard to
understand.
be?

is

Hou'would you like vour pronlrnciation to

Vocobulory
Complete the puzzle by rerding the clues.
'1

\dhich of tl.rese areas of pronunciation have 11611 studred in this class?

a b c ,l

2 3 4 5 6
7

s 2 \Vor:k in pairs. Ansu''er the questions. r \\&ich is your favourite English sound? z \4hich is vour least favourite? : l\ftich sound do vou find most ditficult to
pronounce?

intonation word stress . the relationship betu'een sounds and spellings \d&ich area is the strongest for you? \4hich area do you need to u'ork on most?

vov/l sounds consonant sounds consonant clLlsters

f g h

sentence stress

rhythm

I
2

I've just boug'ht

ner'i'u'ashir-rg rnachine.

lart lt,r'rrt oiprrlrlic trinsport in r cin.

6
7 8

Too rnuch tr:rffic c:ru pollution. \\re should try to recluce our carbon You put ]rour counters on this to plav Scrabble. Yrru have to on :r lrus befbre you travel. \\'then everyone elsc has played, it is your a rnotorbikc. Hou. clo vou-get to rvork? I

3 \lhich of these strategies for improving

pronunciation have you tried?

*
*'

Practise readinE a shod text alouel. Reecrd it and listen to it, or ask a friend to listen and c0mrnent.
Repeat the lines frorn a DVD cr a song. Use a pronuneiation boak and CD.

Speoking ond Wrifing I \,\trk in srnall g-roups. Describe

l.rave rnade

'.r

long journev 1'ou

* * * *

and list u'h'.,rt \,'clu h:rcl to do. \A1l'ro usecl the r.nost tbrnrs of tr'rnsport?

Practise repeatinE the pronunciation of new words with an electnonic dictionary such as the
lVlacmillan Hnglish Dictionary.

\\rork irr pairs and find thrce nerv rvorcls you have learnt

in this book. Tl.ren complete the clefinitions.

Chcose an area of pronunciation or a sound you want to improve. Focus on it for a few minutes every day when you are speaking. Other ideas.

This is a person rvho 1 2 is a place u.here f'his is a tl.rins r,r.hich l -. \\rork u.ith another pair and read vour definitions. fll'tn 3-1'his quess the rvorcls. -.

4 Cornpare )rour ideas with a partner ancl decide ho., you can irnprove your pronunciation. \lhat u ill lou tn l

*i,:*:i i*vr:',

:.*"q,Jb:3; jt'.jt

Ep-lJtu+Eqr." "5d.

*
dFs

ATLLF:3L

a* ** -%d1r-e="-::*" 4*Ef-E:-X", =i:

Ldl-3;"#

*6* lfEfr-1tr iFi;:*"

Unit ?, Speoking {pcge

tr
do

1X}

Complete the questions r'vith the correct u''ord or nre.

Ask your partner the questions.

Unit 2, Reading {pcge } 8} I Read the text about vegemite. Are there anv interesting
or surprising
f-acts

in

tl-re text?

\Vrite drem clown.

2 3

Arsu'er your partner's questions.

2 Read the text again. \\rrite dou'rr a few key words to help vou tell your partner about the text. 3
Tell ) orrr pdrtner ahoul r egcmite.

Family questions * you have a big family? , Hou'many brothers and sisters you have? cyou have family in other countries? 6 you in touch widr them? r FIow often you in touch with your grandparents or grandchildren? & have family reunions? How often? you -

Vegemite
Vegemite is a dark brown food paste from Australia. You can put it on sandwiches, toast or crackers. lt tastes salty and bitter and is not very popular in the world except in Australia and New Zealand. Vegemite has strong cultural

associations in those countries, and many say it is a comfort food. Vegemite has very high levels of vitamin B, and during the 1940s the Australian army bought large amounts of it for the soldiers. According to the Prime Minister of Australia's website, Vegemite is 'the taste of Australia' and some Australians even take a jar with them when they travel to other countries.

iar of vegemite

Glossany
bitier (adjective\
opening

has a strong sharp taste that is not sweet

jar (noun) - a glass container for food, with a lid and a wide paste (noun)
vegetables

a food that is made by crushrng meat, fish or

:-r :

:ir'l:,ji.:ia!t *i*ij*n'l

:1

Umif &, Grsrnmsr {page 69}

I Write the questions lbr numbers 1-5 of the quiz. Use the comparative form of the adjective.
Which is faster, the speed of light or the speed of sound?

2 3

Work witl-r a student from group

B. Ask

your questions.

Listen to questions 6 10 and try to ansu'er them. Write the correct answers in the table.

t"lnit 9. Vceqbulsry {pcge X 0?}

Unit n 0, Wriring {page I 15}

I Read the definitions of the new words. Copy them doln and then write two incorrect definitions for each word.
a pair who chose different words. Read out words and definidons. your

Watch your partner and guess what's wrong.

2 Mirne the symptoms below. Your partner must guess what's wrong. t z 3 +
You have a headache. Your wrist hurts. ,/ You have a sore wrist.

2 3

Work with

You're sneezing.
Your back hurts. /You've got a sore back.

Listen to the other pair's words and definitions and tnto grress which is correct.

A
Sp

blogis a dj4ry,or-,jou4ql whlch is on the internec angli; b' ig'.a1anguager,w.hicfi .,is.,a: mirture of Spanish and

English. #*rn**nication activities: Student

A

..,

i i lfe!:ltZ Z. V f, a4= *'+ i]. f*e-i.-! 7'e. .. .- ':!' ;. i::+ + +*'q!..jr'= t4t,!. '1i.'i; r:'"8 ;i il ..' ... ;i '

Z !

:t

...L+

L3rai*
do <tt:

?, Sp*a$e&mg {pege

T3}

Us'lit

2, fteoding {page l8l

3 Complete the questiclns

lrt.

r.vith the correct r,vord

1 Read the text about popular comfort food for men and \vornen. Are there anv interesting or surprising facts in the
text?

* $

Arsr.i'er your partner's iprestions.

\Vrite them

clou.n.

\sk r oul pilrtncr tlre qrrestiorrs.

* 3

Reacl the text again. \,\rrite dorvn a feu. kev u'ords to he lp

vou tell your partner about the text. Tell your partner about cotnfort food in North America.

Friends questions * F1or.l. often you talk to vour neighboursi * you in touch u'ith anybody you \r''ent to primary school u,ith? * -yolr io out u'ith your coileagues from work or
6*
school?

you keep in touch u'ith friends bv email, phone, or face to face? Hou- ofteni vou have any online friends or acquaintances? -

-_-

Comfort food for men and women

An article published in the American journal, Physiology and Behavior, shows differences between men and women and their choice of comfort food.
A survey of over 1,000 North Americans found that women often prefer snack-related comfort food while

men prefer more meal-related comfort food. ln padicular, more women said they liked food like sweets and chocolate while men liked things such as pizza, pasta, steak or casseroles. Women often felt guilty and less healthy than men about their comfort food choices. The researchers think that the differences between men and women may be because men like hot, prepared meals (that someone else made)while women look for easy comfort food that needs less preparation.

Glossary
casserole (noun) - a deep dish with a lid, used for cooking in
the oven, or the mixture of food ihat is cooked

guilly (adjective)
something wrong preter (verb)
else

ashamed and sorry because you have done

- to

like or want something more than something

::;:1t:

!:i;.li'::

ti

Ura$r

&, #r*aarc?emn {pcg* &S}

E \\'rite the questions for numbers 6-10 of the quiz. Use the comparative fonn of the adjective.
Which is further from the sun, Jupiter or Saturn?

?
G

and try to answer them. \4rrite Ask your questions.

Work with a student frorn group A. Listen to questions 1--5 t1-re correct ans\r-ers in the table.

Column B

speed of light

theor'y that the Earth is round

theory of gravity

coal nitrogen Saturn ; 100'F is only 37'C

J00.oc

one.yard one gigabyte

-40"c

Unif S, Vmcshuficry {pe*ge 1S?} ! Mime the slrmptoms below. Your partner mlrst guess
u,hat's u'rong.

[JnFf

T*, Wni*irEg ipes* ] 35]

? Read the definidons of the new words. Copv therr.r dori''r and then write fi,vo incorrect definitions for each u'ord. ft
Wbrk with a pair who chose different words. Listen tir their words and definitions and try to guess u'hich is corrc.:

r z : ?

You have a toothache. You have a sore leg. / Your leg hurts.

You're coughing.
a fever.

-1 You've got

Read out your v'ords and definitions.

s.

\Vatch your partner and guess what's v'rong.

A metrosexaal is a young man who enjoys good clothe

an attractive home and a good personal appearance. Spam are emails that are sent to many people and are n,:: wanted.

E.

"a*ff # ''J* a g.*.

=+#?
+

Umit

?,

Fs*ma$imrn

gfiobm|$y {pwge ?&}

BARNABY,S CAFE

,,,.;?o;f.;;J,,.#i:,,
or Green salad

?IZZAPATACE
Pkza (choose Your
Mushroorns Salami

Vegetarian

lasagne

or tradiilonal steak and potato pie Dessert Ice crearn Fresh fruit
'

Harn
Cheese

Tornato Onion PepPer Greenor Red

""

Ddnks
Cola Water

FruitJuice

Umi* 3 S, Spea$<ing {pmge } 3 7}

Read the fuIl quotes below. Do you think they are

positive, negative or neutral about America?

? Do you know- any famous quotes about Vour country? Tell your partner.
[.lnit 9, Recding {pcge I06i
Shorf cuf
He had travelled by car for 11 miles of the marathon! table.

66 nlt great change pp

in America begins at the dinner

Ronold Rengan, Jbnner' IJS Presidertt

66

t ttrint<

the most un-American thing you can say is

'You can't say that'.

A helping hond
Olympic officials had helped him cross the line.

$p
G,r t't'isort Kt
iI

lor

A nt e ri;n

tt ;t' t'itt ;'

The extro disfonce

Ramzan thought that he hadn't finished the race.

66 EnglanO and America are two countries separated by a common language. $$

George Bentat d Shaw, Irish zuritti'

66

America is a mistake, a giant mistake. $$

S i gtnun

A new Olympic record

He had never swum in a pool of that size before.

d Freud,

Autti

n p s1 c h

ct

kt gi,x

66 fnere is not a black America and a white America and Latino America and Asian America - there's the United States of America. $$
B stt
c

lt

rnn a, (J S Pt'e s itle n :

ffirxis T&, Spewkir:g {pmge XXX}

Rules

r z :

Play this game in groups of three or four. You need one coin and one board to play. Each person needs a counter. Put the counters on the squcre rrrarked Start. Decide who is going first.

tosses a coin. If the coin lands heads up, lnove your counter for-ward two squares. If the coin lands tails up, move your counter forward one sqlrare. If 1'ou land on a grey sqlrare, follou'the instructions. Ifyou land on a red square, speak in English for one minute about the topic on the square. The winner is the person who gets to the end of the board first.

The first player

,.rrir ii:*:: *

1 ar"l:t

iur-i

ai

':i:it.:

:i.iIi

41'
'::.a:.

j
aL::g,t::+,:1r::r::rl:i:i':::::.

{"in$f I
Wond srder in question $onms
Yes
In ys

,/ Ns questions
/
tto questions the

lffft- questions
verb goes before the subject: Question wortls
do (.1,1/hnt? Where?

Wta? Wen? Why? Hou?) go at

They at e .fi ont

Spnin.

Are

the1,

f'otn

Spaitt?

In present sirnple or past simple questions, the auxiliary r'erh

did goes before the subject. Does She speaks English. **
She leantt
she spenk English?

the start of a question. lf/here t:kt yott lire? l[/hen, u^ere -you bont? V[/hat is yoru'fa "''ottrite sport?

French.

--

Did

she leat'n French?

tff&sf snd Fdsw que$ti0ng

Use hou and questions.
V[/hat pets
do

uhlt with nouns

ltott hate?

:rnd adjectives or aclverbs to start

How expensixe was it?

How

V[/bat knd of dog is ir? o.ften do you, Jbed it?

Use like in questions to ask about appearance or personaliB,'and characteristics. Whnt tloes she look like? - She's ta// and ue ttrs glrtsses. Wat's thlt neu restaut ant like? - Noiry btt the food is good.

Fneseml sirnp*e, $nequeney

Affirmative [/You/\VelThe1' work.
Negative Question Short answers
Ites

Short answers No No, I/r,'eul\a'elthey don't. No, helshe,/it doesn't

I/You,/\VelThey don't
work.

Do I/you/u.e,/they
work?

Yes, I /1'e11 /la.e / ther. do.

He/She/It works.

HelShe/It doesn't
work.

Does helshe/it worki

Yes,

he/she/it does.

Use the present sin.rple to talk about: * things that are always ffue. c habits and routines. He gets ap at seaen o'clock. The sun rises in the east. Water boils at 100"C. They d,on't go to bed late.

We use frequency adverbs and expressions of frequencl' r.vith the

present sirnple. Frequency adverbs (ah:dys, nvm@, often, sometinrcs, hardly eae4 nete) go between the sub.ject and the verb, except rvith the verb to lte.
We alzt:ays ho"-e lunch

Expressions of frequenc,v (eaer1 day, twice a week, on l,Ionday, etc.) usually go at Lhe end of the sentence. Thev go at the beginning of the sentence u'hen u.e want to ernphasise r'r'hen or hou- often. We go shoppittg on Sana,days. On Sntrtrdays. a'e go sltoppittg.

at I pm.

He is alzuays late for

class.

Fnesenf eCInt;

*?

{"rs[J g
LTse

. .

the present continuous to talk about: things happening no\r'- or about nou'.
We are

I am ('m) working. I am ('m) not working. Am I working? You/\\'relThev are

('re) working. You/\ArelThe\r are not (aren't) working. Are you/u.e/
they

uatchingTV I'm learning English.

tenporarysituatior-rs.

workingl

He/She/It is ('s)
u'orking.

HelShe/It is not
(isn't) working.

Is he,/she/it working?

He is liuirtg in London at the ml'm.ettt. The present continuous is often used lr.ith time expressions such as nou, ther-e tlr4,5, nt the m.oment tnd this ueek / rnonth / lertr'. Sorne verbs (stative verbs) aren't used in the present continuous:
ogree, appear belieu,.foreet, hate, hea.r; knau, like, /oite, meatt., need,

oun, prefe4 realise, r'enrcm.her;

see, seent,

ir/utt

i iu"-"& i tu*fn!nE $

fi

E--; ", i;;b#.F#Eg*H

'{-=-

Wond orden in question forrns I Decicle if these questions are in the correct (y') or incorrect (X) order. Then correct the mistakes. t z : + s 6
They are fromJapan?
\4there do your ptrrents livei Did learn you a language at school? \\,'ho is your favourite actor? Do like you chocolate? Hou. nrany students there are in the class?
1

Use the words to u.rite the questions.

uhere bont? Where uere you born?

I
2

fanily from? spea k an1' langn"t"t;

job? live?

4
5

6 7 8 9

married? children? play any sports? lavourite v-riters? like nrusic)

What qnci How questions

\Arrite the questions.

Hou ta// is he?

He'.s

nearly two rnetres tall.

4
5

Horv

,--

The school is ten kilometres frorn her.

I
2
3

\\4rat

-Nllv car's

How-?
\Vhat

red. I'm thirty'.

\Vhat

I have a \,'isa and an American Erprrcs..

6
7

Mr- teacher's tall u.ith short, dark hair.

How--'-? -,.
\Vhat

It

doesn't rain here very often.

She's nice, really friendlv.

-? Present simple, $requency -? Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.
IIy
his parents / on Surrdays / my boyfriend / visits boyJi'ind "-isirs his porents on Sunthys. check / ever v* cla1' / their email / they TY / in the daytime / r'atch / hardl,v ever / rr'e Eioes / once a week / she / to the cinema
+
5

-?
meet / irt weekends / sometimes ,/ I / colleagues from ri.ork a1l evening / spends / he / on the internet / often usually / m1' r'vife / before me / gets up fbl a meal / go out / we / every Sanrrday night

r z 3

6 7

Fresent aomf;nu0us
Complete the dialogue u.ith the correct form of the present sirnple or present continuous,
(you / t:ork) A' \dhere (1) * -,B, In a hotel in Italrr My boyfriend (2)

at the moment too.

---

at the n'rornent? (ltue) rnltaly -

(l)
R:

Itb great. I (1)

(6) (7) (not enjoy)
$tou br.rt

---

Qou

like)

it there?

Lorrdotrer'er1'body(5)-(uork)1onghours.Peop1e
life
as

@refef) the lifestvle

in Italy. In

much.
(talee) classes non- and

spcak) Italian?

Not very lveli,

(8)

(9) (10)

--

(/etnt) the language quite quickl,v. \Ve (not plan) to go back to England for a u'hile.
.:"..

* -' a.'

**AP

ff
a.P- ai Fat-:

t,a' nt 4)a aa,! :+ :

eaq.pn?mh8e

a-en*mwrermh*m rs*{.}!trs,

s#r}?sr ss?y
These are solne common uncountable no:ufls'. arclmmodation. adaice, bread, fut'nitul e, i.njbrmltion,'news, trffic, weather sm*me

Cor:n?shfle smd ume*arm?*ble noums

Countable nouns can be singrrlar or p1ura1. Most p1ura1 forms end
in s. Put it
ott

yur plate.

Where are the plates?

cnd *r:y

Sorne plural countable nouns are irregrrlar:

'#l;,'!"{;:;,,
mnn

- men

Use some :rnd any u'ith plural nouns or n-ith uncountable nouns. Wte usuallv :use slme in affirrnative sentences tnd an1, in negative sentences and questions. Do yu hare any plntes?
We need to btry some

Llncountable nouns don't have a plural form. Do you take milk and sugar in tea?
Language note: Some words can be countable or uncountable.
I like

milk.
recipe.

IJse a / an with singular nouns. I don't haae a plote.Yrnt need an eggfor thdt

coffee. (= the drink)

Can I have a coffee? (= a cup of coffee)

s
.

fmf

sf, m $;fff, m fewu fm*fJ enoug$:,

rme.ue&, ffi?#rTy

LIse quantifiers before a noun to show the quantity or amount

of

something.
a litt/e and much are used with uncountable nouns: a little coffee, too macb sugar 6 feu and m,any are used with plural countable nouns:
a

Language nole: much / many are usually used in negative

sentences and questions or with foo. A lot of

lots of is usually used instead of much / many in

. .

affirmative sentences. There's a lot

of

salt in this dish.

few

apples, too

mony bananas

We use a /of to answer the question How much / many ...?

lot oJ'and (not) en,ough are used with uncountable nouns and plural nouns: lz lot of pasta, not emough .segetables

-t

lhe rntrnrtrve wlfh fs

Language noter we don't use 1o after modal verbs such as can

d.

.l

Use the infinitive with ro after some verbs: agree, at't'ange, decide, forget, hope, lenrn, m,anage, ntean, need, offea prefea prom,ise, refuse, remem.be4 trl, uant, wotild like
Yozt need

/ can't and musf.

modals.)
I can

(See Grammar focus 5 page 140 for more on

to eat slouly. Remember to udd

sugur,.

drink one g/ass of wine, but no more.

Use the infinitive with to after adjectives. It's

healthy to eat salad. lt's good to try different foods.

$mfimitive m$ paxnp*sc
We use the infinitive with ro when we talk about the purpose of something or why we do something. I eat lots of aegetabhs t0 get i?71p07'tant aitsmins. (= because I want to get) You use a corkscreu to open wine. (= so that you can open)
Language noie: We can use in order to instead of to in these
sentences. For isn't used in these sentences.
I eat |ots of vegetables

in order to get impoftant vitamins.

ins;

Not:

Louffirtrble 1 z I

!!

,1

uglesLirlfssle nsunSr 50?;ef trf?y

LIuJt.

Ef

Corrrplete the sentelces \\'ith a / (t/t, slu/.( ot

I'rn goine shopping. Do ure neecl

Cln I have I'd like

tfea.

---'-

large cola lncl tuo cofTees please? information :lbout restaur'.tnts in the
-

-- ,--,,***--

eggs?

+ There's
butter.

brerd lcft, but there isn't

5 I'n'r rnaking ----'_ o I neerl z Let'.s buv s I ncecl -_-* -

big cake fbr nrv sonls birthcla.y. rdvice about vegetarian firod. ne\'ri ftrrniture fol the dinins roorn onion for this clisl-r.

s
T

$m*

*$,

m fdr*fe, er

$ew, fm*fJ em*s*gf*,

raras*$a, sm#$'ry{

quintilier in each sentence. ,q., I'nr afl'aid therels too tnutls / tmny milk in tl-ris. B, Sorq-, I fbrgot vou onh,' iike a.t'ett / little in coflee .{, Hon much / ntrn1, biscuits rvould r,-ou likc?
LTnclerline the correct

*
.

Choose one of the dirlogucs in Exercise 1. Think about u'hat is happening and v'ho is speaking. \\rrite the next t$'o lines.

s, ,1 lor / lot o.f! A' \4rc have lots o.f' / rn.t r ch space. \\ hr. clon't vou come encl visit? tlon't htrt:e enoug/.t / hrti,e too httle tlx's off. e, Thrnks A, '\"Ir, n allet rvrs here r little / a.fett tnintrtes agol B' I'nr afiaid there arc lots aJ-/ nuu4, pickpockets her., tir.

lntI

Tfue isn$tm&triwe wi*$"a tre

Reecl

thc text about eJrprnese drink. Corrplete the text rvith

ro

or

nothins^ (-).

rlake sake, but Sakc is rice rvine. Thc Chinese lirst learnt lQ nou' it is the trxditional drink ofJrpan. To n.rakc- sake you neecl (1) use tr specill cook rice irl $':iter. It is irnportant (2) kind ofrice. \bu can (3) -- sen-e sake warrl or cold. InJapan -*drink u'arrn sake in lr.inter rnd cold sake people pret-er (1) in surnrner. You are mertlt (-i) -,--= clrink slke rvith frientls. 'lrlclitjon savs vor-l lnustn't (6) pottr sake tbr t'ourself. So if vou clrink sake in -f aprn, retnember (7) - ,, pour it on11' fe. other people. r f,e "-r

$ilt!nEt'Fve

st p{JrFsse
a

.\'Iakc six sentences.

.+ Hc u.ent into tl-re q'arclen s \\ie cvclecl into toln

1 I went to the blker'.s z Hc looked round the crf6 : She stniled at nre o
Tl-rer,'organised a pern'

nreet our lricnds. celebrate her birthdal-.

shorv she r.vasn't angrlr

to

c d e

buy some bread.

lind

a good table.

pick somc tolratoes.

Usr;tr

Fost sirnple end psst eontinuous

Fcst sinrple
Affirrnative
Negative

Post eonlinu*us
Question Question

I/You/HelShe

/k/We/They
worked.

I/You/He/She /It/We/They
did not (didn't) work.

Did I/you/he

I was working. You/We/They were working.

/she/it/we/they
work?

I was not (wasn't) working. You/We/They

were not (werent)

Was I working? Were you/we

/they working?

working.

-ed spelling

. ' " o

He/She/It
working.

was

He,/ She / It was not Was

helshe/it

lor most verbs add ed: look - looked. for verbs ending in e, add d: smile - smiled for verbs ending iny, change the1, to ied: study - studied. (But verbs ending in vowel + y are regllar: play - playd). for verbs ending in consonant-vowel-consonant, double the
consonant and add ed, eg stop

(wasn't) working.

working?

stlpped.
(1,

Use the same form for all persons

y,u,

he, she,

it, we, thelt) except

for theverb to be.

Some verbs have an irregular affirmative form: haae * had,go - u)ent, see - sau),think - thought. Use the past simple to talk about completed actions in the past. I watcbed a goodf.hn, at the weekend. I boagbt a book about historl oJ'ntt last week.

Use the past continuous to describe an activity or situation in progress in the past. He was watching a Jilm. on TV We often use the past continuous for activities that are interrupted by a completed action. It is used in contrast with the past simple. He was watching a flm. on TV when the phone rang.
t-+.,1,r....-+X..,.'

watching

f.lm

phone rang

Wile ts often used with the past continuors. When is often used with the past continuous and the past simple. I fell asleep wbile I was reading a book. I u'as reading abookwhen I fell asieep.

[,fsed ro Affirmative
Negative Question
We also rse true now.
there now) Language note: There is no present form of used to. We only use
used to to talk about regular actions in the past. Not:
used t0

to talk about situations in the past which aren't

I/You/HelShe

/k/We/They
used to work.

I/You/Hel She /k/We/They

didn't use to
work.

Did I/you/he

There used to be an an gallery in our toun. (= but there isn't one

/she/it/we/they
use to wofk?

We use

used to

to talk about regular actions in the past which don't guitar. (= but I don't play it now)

l_{'se#own#musie.

happen now.

used to

play

the

3r;l::::;r t**u*

tr 6 u* fft g g$*q6ff 4
g

-g*."q

H 8."f}j6x{-r":aL" LJ' B e $ q-F 4 ."q4-* C. L 4"3L 3

Post simBNe ond post continuous

I Use the prompts below to write what was happening yesterday lunchtime in the park. t 2 3 4 s o 7 2 I z
What,/ people
,/ do / in the park / at midday yesterday? two workers / dig / a hole aman / read/ anev/spaper/onabench

awofiian / eat/ asandwich-butshe

children / play / hide and seek an old woman / walk / her dog two tourists / take / photos
t\.vo

/ notenjoy / tt

Underline the correct lorm ofthe verb in each sentence.

We were cleaning / cleattel the rvindows when it was starting
stufted

/ /

to rain.
looked

While she zras looking /

in the mirror, she aas noticing

norikd her first grey hairs. Itwas getting / g0l dark when I was witching on / suitched on the lights. They were dropping / droppel the sculpture i.vhile they were
carrying / can ied it inside.

While she was closing /

closel

the curtains, she uas seeing /

was

sa*^

somebody outside. I'-^as pninting / pdinted the beclroom u'a1l when I fell oJf the Iadder.

Jalling off /

Used ro
Complete the sentences with appropriate verb.
used to

or didn't

use

to and an

rHe-toCaSSetteS,hedidn,tusetolistentoCDs. the violin, but now he plavs the guitar. z He ---, an MP3 player but he has one nor.r'. I He +He-toclassica1concertS'heusedtogotomusic
festivals.

s o

He He

miserable, now he feels relaxed and happv. opera but he likes it norv.

::=i '. '. :-, t :' =-'t tl:

,i: h,l

Fufure hopes cmd plems

Lise verbs such as hope,

plm, urnt, uoukl /lfte (+ infinitive u'ith

ro)

to

talk about future hopes that aren't defiuite. I wattt to :'ork irr n d(r,llPiug iltttl/'.\'.
I'd, like to
be

Use look,fbt-,t:rnrl t0 (+ r-erb s'ith -ing) to talk about definite future plans. I'nt lookingfot'uat d to uorkittg in AJi'ica nert \teol'.

an aid zrorker.

Fulture plems end ;nfentions {gefng fo, pneser:t eomtinuours}

Goimg fo
Language note: going fo go is often replaced by going. t'm going to go to France next year = l'm going to France next
year.

I Aflirmative
l_-=___
1

Negative

] I am ('m) going I to work.

I i

I am not ('m) not

going to work. You/\drelThey are not (aren't) going to work. He/She,/Tt is not (isn't) going to work.

Am I going to
work?

Fresemt eentinu0us
See Gramn'rar focus 1 on page 132

I You/\\relThev I work.
He / She /

i are ('re) going to

It is ('s)
going to u'ork.

Are you/we/thev going to work? Is he/she/it going to work?

for an explanation on horv

tcr

fornr the present continuous.

LIse the present continr"rous to talk about future plar-rs, ir-r particular for arrlngements with a date ancl titne, eg plans u.ith

tiiends or tral'el arrallgements.

[\n meetin,gf

ient]s this e,-enirtg. (=

I'r.e made an arrangement

Year. (=

We nse gting to to talk about u.l-ret u.e have elreedy decided or intcld ro do in rlrc hlrure. He's going to ttuin to be t doctor. (= It is already decided) Thgy'r'e going t, y'y,! f:,-q:_!59.:.

u.ith thern) We're goitrg to Egpt on holirlq, thi.r arranged the holidal')

\\re've alreaclY

Fnedietiosr mmd mhllity

lwill, be obfe fo!

Se s&fe fo
Question
Use uill be uble to to talk about ability or possibility in the ftrnrre. \lre don't rse it:ill mn. We won't be able to stop palhrtion. Language note: compare will and going to.
We're going

w;ff
Afirmative
I/Yor-r/He / She

T/Vru/He/She

Will I/you/he
/
she /

/k/\\te/Thes, will ('ll) work.

/It/We/Thev will not (won't)

work.

tt/

tve /

they

work?

to
/

reduce carbon emissions. intention)

Itlsezt:ill to talk about predictions or beliefs about the future. It is often usecl with the verbs think, hope antl to be strre. I think there'll be u ntrcletr accident. I'tn yLre there will be rnore homeless people in tbe Jir.ture.

(= definite plan

I think we'lt reduce carbon emlssions. (= prediction, may or may not happen)

Fu*?ux'e

firme

e*ma,ases

I F.,to." time clause

Main clause

Use furure dme clauses -,1-ith a present tense to talh about ftlnrre

predictions.

Itr
I rl't.'.rt ,

If It
+ present tense
(r-rsr-ral11.

ue reduce carbon ent.issions, ue'll retluce globa/ uarnting. is possible to change the order ofthe future tirne clause ancl

i Befor. i ," I ltter

As s,,on
as

future form
(usuall,v

rnain clause.
l[/hen.yott see tl:e f.ltn, you'll be renlly Ji'ightened. Will t,e hnae dinner b{ot'e ite go to the dnerno? Language note: we use lffor things that might happen but aren t
certain. We use when for things that are cerlain.

present

zll/)

sirnple)

Um*F 4 il-qu:t-rJE*E
i 6n ffi

Future hopes ond plans

Match the sentences.

t z 3 4 s 6

doctor. She wants He's five years old. He hopes I'rn a teacher. I'm looking forward l'rn a srudent.I'rn planning They worry about pollution. They'd like \Are're aid workers. We're looking lorward
She's a

a b c d e f

to working on a ne\4r project in Latin A.n'rerica. to work for an environmental organisation. to fight disease in developing countries. to starting the new school year. to get a good job when I leave college. to get a bike for his birdrdal'.

Fa.rf*we

plens cmd intemtiocas {gccr:g fon presemf eemtlnuous}

sentences. Use the correct form of goittg to.

I Conrplete dre
1

Con-rplete the dialogues with the correct form of the present

We

This government
M,'lren

---@iz,e) I How
5

our children a ftiturel (not hel.p) our countryl / stop) this wari $rou (we / feecl) our children?
(not giae up)l
(/:e/p) the

contir-ruous.

t A: The1.'re

\l'e
\4'ho

6 7
8

poor!

-- Cars ---

(fight) for what I believel (desn oy) our environmetrt.

holding a big climate change conference at the end of the year. Where \\rhen are you n'reeting Lisa again? after u'ork tornorro\4, actually. ['m goingJ on hoiiday in June.

Where What tine is David coming round?

today, I'n-r afraid.

Are you u'orking on Saturdayi No,

at all this weekend.

Fnedie*isn end mbltlfy iw,df, &e s&de ss)

--**2 I z I + s o z 8
Underline the correct verb.
We at'e haaing / uill hnae funch. with friends tolnorrow. yo:u nrz goittg to enjoy / will enloy your visit. \44-rat are you going to do / uill yu /o this evening?

Complete the text with will or zuon't.

What do we know about global r.r'arming? Well, global

rise and increase. Sea levels (2) temperatures (1) be floods. But in other areas there in some areas there (3) -(4) be enough rain. That means farmers in some areas - to grow food an1, rnore. A.nd (5) some animals and be able -plants (6) be able to e)rist in changing environrnents, so be few-er tlpes of anirnals. there (7)

I hope I'm

sure \ re uill Jind / are Jinding a solution. gozrzg to be / will be an engineer when she leaves school. \4rhat tine will you m.eet / are yott meeting them? \{4rat clo vou think zi hdppening / uill happen tonTotrow? I'm gtin,q to check / 'm checkin.g rnv email in a minute.
She

Fufure firne e*cuses

Complete the sentences with the correct forn of dte verb in
brackets.

r z

I think the If

baby
@er) on the bus.

(start) to cry as soon as we

After
She

he
(&e)

(finish) work, he upset if he

fu'o)

to

the airport.
.-". (cook)

you

(/o) the shopping, I when you

(brget) her

dinner.

birthday.

3 You
(read)

*
thatbook.

(&e) shockecl

----

I
(arrite). --

(senQ lrort a text v'hen we

*r*;:::r:*r fa***

Li::ii

,.-1.

L**;e S
Hsve
Affirrnative Question
I /You /\4re

I/You/We/They
have a car.

/They
a car.

Do I/you/u.e
/they have a cari
Does he/she/it
have a car?

Instead of hm:e we can also use hare got for possession. got is often used in spoken and inforrnal English. I'ae got nL,o brothers.

Hne
She

don't have
has have :r car.

hasn't got dtu'k hait'.

He/She/It
a caf.

HelShe/It doesn't

Haae yott got /l.rry mottey? Use hare as a main r.'erb u'ith certain nouns to talk about actions or experiences. For example: . have breakfast/ lunch / dinner/ a drink/ a coffee . have ap^rq/ aholidav/a srvim/anaccident/a goodtime . have a chat/ a conversation /a rneeting o have an illness / a headache / a problern

lJse haae as a main verb to talk about possessions, relationships or characteristics. I haae nto brothet's. She bas dark hair. Language note: We can't use short forms when we use have as a
main verb. Not:

lvaaeaf.

fVtodol verbs
Use m.ust and hne r.o to talk about things that are necessary We often rse nilrst and hale ro for rules. Hatte to is often used for something u'hich is necessary because of a larv or because sorneone else says it. Use don't htt"' e to to say that solnething isn't necessar\', but it is possible or allou.ed. Xl[en dom't haue to uear o tie nt wr,n'k. (= but they can if tl-rey r'r'ant to) Use cln to say that something is possible or allowed. You can huy food in the staJJ'cnnteen. Or yon can eat ylu.r ozun snttdwiche:
there.

rnast fitish this report. He bas to gire a presertatiott tc)mlr-rlu. (=

His boss said so)

Use m.ttst nlt (mustn't) to express prohibition. Yr.tu, mustn't wear jerms snd truinerc in the oflice.

Use can't to say thet something is not possible or allor'ved. Yott cs.n't ea.t lunch a.t your desk.

-rng rorms
The -ing form of the verb can be: . the subject ofa sentence
Working long

nsed after prepositi ons: gtod / bnd ot, interested in, tired excited abotfi, ltorcd uith, instertd oJ, in spite o.f

oJ,

Playing

I I

hotLrs A- ae ry sn'es{ul. is "-ery relnxittg. the object of some verbs, for example: lore, like, dislike, tn.ind, can't stand like playing baskethall. catt't stand jogging.
chess

He's "-ery good at skiing. I\nr excited dltottt going on holidrq,.

enjo1,,

Present perfect
Affirmative
Negative Question
have

I/You/We/They
have ('ve) worked.

I/You/\Ve/They

not (haven't) worked. He,/She/It has not

(hasn't) worked.

Have I/You/!Ve /They worked? Has he/she/it worked?

to talk about an unspecific tirle in the past. Compare the present perfect and tl-re past sirnple. I haoe been to Dittt.q,ktntl. (= no sPecific time, present perfect) I went to DineyLmd lnst s'unime]'. (= specilic time, past simple)
LIse the present perlect

He,/She,/It has ('s) worked.

Tlre present perfect is forrned with the verb haue + past participle. The past participle of regular verbs is the same as the past simple.
Grammar focus 3 page 136). Irregular verbs often have clifferent forms, eg go went - gone.
(see

\4/e often use the present perfect with eur and neuer to talk about experiences up to the present. Haae yo'r,t eaer been ta An lun'u,sement park? (= at an)' time in your 1ife, I'ae neaer been on d rol/er coaster. (= up to no$) Language note: haye been to = have visited a place.

Compare: She's been to Germanl. (= ancl nou. she has corne back home). She's gone to Gennnnl. (= and she's still there).

iivamnr,

:.r.^.r.r

Ffsve
Cornplete the sentences with the correct form of haae.

t She z Thev 3 \4,'e

,+

- a baby yesterday - a little girl. got a car, they cycle everywhere.

6 7

a party on Sunday evening. \Arould you like to come? Do you knou- him? He glasses and he

I breakfast most days because I'rn never hungn in the morning. I'm afraid he got time right now. \{re a printer at home so I bought one
vesterday.

---

nru.'h hair'.

rninute, please Madan?

Modol verbs
I z I

Read the rules and choose the correct meaning. Employees mustn't make private phone calls.

a Private phone calls aren't allowecl. b lbu can make private phone calls if you want
Employees don't have to work fixed hours. r You need to rvork at the same time every da1.. b You choose u.hen you u.ork. En-rployees have to follou'the dress code. a You can \['ear what you u'ant. b There are some clothes that vou can't wear.

Ernployees can take breaks uhen they need thern. a You take a break when you want to. b You need to tell the manager wher-r you take a break. Employees must clock in and out when they start and finish. a Itls necessary to clock in and out. b It isn't necessary to clock in and out. Emplovees can't call in sick witiout a doctor's note. a lt's possible to call in sick without a doctor's note. b You need a cloctort note to call in sick.

-rng torms
Put the r'vords in the correct order to make sentences.

1 (?e / he / without / looking / can z trainingJ / n'r'o / had / weeks / u,e / of 3 new / starting / she's / job / about / her / excited Fresent per$ect I
\4'rite the
dialogr-res

4 part/looking / is/ tn/ good/ joblthe / inporrant/ of tea/ work/ hate/coI1-ee /rnaking /I/ and s magazines / she's / working / instead of / alu.ays / reading 6 ^r/

with the correct fonn of the present

s
1

Choose the correct ending.

perfect.

1 A: you / ever / tnr / skiing?

B:
Yes

They've built two amusernent parks outside the ciw ... a and they are g;oing to build another.

v-e

go / skiing / in France / twice / so far.

t\4.o years ago. a

z A: u,-hat / you / done / with the remote control? B: I / r.rot see / it / but/your mum / just / wtch / t I A: my son / stop / collecting
B: he /
ever

Thev r-ent on

roller coaster last summer and ...

Progfalnlne.

a b a b

they love it.

thev loved it.

stamps. coins? have

She's been to the water park ...

/ think / about collecting /

at

4 A: you / be / on holiday / tl.ris year?

B: I / B: I
have

/ a busyyear

work/

so

/ I / not

any time

to relax.

s A: She still / not finish / talking / on the phone.

hope / she / not call

/ that friend in Brazil.

Choose one of the dialogues. Think about rvhat is happening and who is speaking'. \Vrite the next t$.o lines.

yesterdav. lots of times. I've never been in a haunted house because ... " I'm scared ofthe dark. h T was scared ofthe dark. He bought a burger in the food area but ... . it didn't taste very good. b it hasrr't tasted very good. We've visitecl e great theme park in South Korea ... a when \ve were on holiday. t and one in HongJ Kong too.

&r*r**r**r $**u* iiirii

: i:-": j: --i't ",ot i I F t \^;

e]ii:"i.4:r!:9i:::i+iriffi
;:iiai:r::ai::l:l:: r'ira

:;:r:::

ecrmpmrmf*ve sr"sd su*penlwfive mdieefiv*s

Adjective
One syllable edjectives and
aclverbs: add -er / -est

find sdvenbs
Language note: For one-syllable adjectives ending with one consonant, double the final consonant and add -er / -est'
Some two syllable adjectives, especially adjectives ending in y can be used in either lorm (more + adjective or with -er angry

Comparative

Superlative
the fastest the slou.est the biggest the nicest

fast slou

fister
slou-er

hig

bigger nlcef

/ -esf)

angrier

/ more angry

Adjectives ending in
e: tdd

-r/ -st

LIse comparative adjectives

Acljectives endinE; in y: change thel to le and add r/ -.rt

i d.i"t

the driest

to compare nvo things or people. Conparative adverbs compare t\{'o actions. Than ts used after
conpafatives. in uann. couttries dre haltpier thnn paople in cold ntntt'ies.
cnn run

People

Tu'o or more svllable

adiectives and adverbs that end

irnportant
quickly

faster

thon !o'LI.

in

-ly: rnore / nt.ost +

acljective or adverb

Irregular adjectives
and adverbs

good
bad

better well
worse

badly

Cornporative cdieefives Emd sdverbs {s

m.uth.
Thttt DL'D plnl,er is a bit chenper. This one is rnucb
che

&cfl, m?&{$?,

ss "." ss}
r.vith longer adjectives to meirT not a:^ lztLrch. intelligent thtn her sister. (= her sister is more intelligent)

\\,re can rnodifi'comparative acljectives and adverbs with a ltit

alter'.

or

Ljse

/e:'.r

S/re lr /ess

U\e

IIy job n as exciting

as 1,otur. (= l64t or.rr jobs are equallv exciting) job isn't as excitin,q as yotu's. (= vo.tt job is rnore excitinq than mine) XIy

Ut0t)

t/! ...

trs

to tnake (otnplrisott:.

Superlcfives
superlatives to colnpare solrleone or something in r group u.ith all the other drings in that group. This compttter is tbe cheapest in the shop.
LTse

LIse superlatives with the present perfect. NIy git'lfiiend is the most interesting persott LIse snperlatives u'ith in the ... The in.ternet is the best inttention,

I'ue eaer met

Shopping online is the rnost conaenient method.

in the woild.

I'tn the tallest

persan

in tbe

chns.

F&rnsss! \rerbs mnd ohieets

A phrasal verb is a tu.o-u,'ord 'r'erb consisting of a verb + a particle. Sorne phrasal verbs trke an object and some phrasal verbs don't. . r'erb + particle Crm you log on? . verb + particle + object Tw"n on the cornputer.
\'\'rhen phrasal verbs take an object, the object can usually go in

rwo places: . after dre verb and particle

Tur.n on the computer. . betu'een the verb and particle

Turn

the cow.prfter on.

Ifthe

object is a pronoun, it can only go betu.een the verb and

particle: Tw,n it on.

Not:Tuntnit,

:::

i:; *:

!'it

r r J'{!{ r.{ii

eompcnotiv'e nnd $uperlstrive ndiectlves

\Arrite tl-re cornparative and sr-rperlative fbrrns of dre adjectives in the teble.

Adjective
tall

Comparative

Superlative

hot
content
safe

good erpensive enjovable

cheap bearLtiful hear,y

Cormpcrofive ediee*ives {o bit, nzwek, ss .," os}

\A/rite comparisons usins the prompts belori'.

r he / be / patient / i.vith the children / her z she / be / happv / now / last year 3 lnostpeople/get/rbit/fatlwhen / they / get/old + I / sleep / good / in rnv own bed / in a hotel
SuperNofives
Complete the sentences u.idr the superlntive form of the u.orcls in
the box.

5 o 7 8

money / r-rot be / as / irnportant / health this chair / be / much / cornfortable / that one some neu. robots / be / as / intelligent / humans my horne computer / starts / slowlv / mv r'vork colnputer

expensive
The blog of

fast good high popular

film
actress has the

strange

a Chinese

nurnbcr olt rertlcrs un thc intcrnet. name for @ is elelthant's tnmk in Danish. The ,-,*-*T1.re

-,.

domain nalne cost $7.5 miliion.

Social networkjnq is tl-re growing sector of tl-re internet. 'Ilorv to kiss' and'\d4ro is Clod'rvere rerrch tlue:t ion: in .t he 2007. Books are the things that sell the on the internet.

Fhnsss! verbs cnd obieets r z I +

Thc tnusir'is too l,rtrd.
\Arell, turrr

Conplete the sentences u'ith the correct phrasal verb. The phone'.s ringing. \Vell pick
T}re cornputer is lrozen.
You have to shut

The TV isn't u,rrldng.

Yru need to plug

These u'eb pages are really interesting.
C':in vou

print

Hor'v do I put tl-re u''ord into the search engine? -l Just t-vpe

\\'e rrced to find out trrirr tirnes. Can 1'61 look -*--l I've found his ernail adclress. -***--. T'll write

--? -?

Ur:;t
ffiu_-ew'wE5.*

f
4@i@r{

Present perfecf with for ond sfnce

foo
.

srnce

years
ages

1999

six months
a

the 1960s this morning

long time

2phe was a child

Use the time expressions for and since with the Present perfect to talk about unfinished time. For" states the length of time and since is used with the beginning of the time. How long haae yu wot'ked het'e? I'oe worked here for ten years. I'ae worked bere fot' ages. I'ae wot'ked here since 2000.
I'ue worked bere since

r fen
since 2000

/ears**_

-->

t% t%

was 25.

t% t% t"", tuor t% t% t% %%

Present perfect with yef and olready

Affirmative
Negative Question
Use already with the present perfect to emphasise that something has happened before now.

I/You/We/They
have already eaten.

I/You/We/They
haven't eaten yet.

HaveI/you/we
/they
Has
eaten yet?

The structure is au-xiliary + already + past participle. It is usually used in affirmative sentences.
I'ue alread.y been to the bank. I'ae alread.y checked oar account. Useyer with the present perfect to talk about something that has not happened, but will probably happen soon.
rJse yet in negatives and questions . Yet goes at the end of the sentence. The money hasn't gone into my acclant yet.
Haae you paid the bills yet?

He/She/It

has

He,/She/It hasn't
eaten yet.

helshe/it

already eaten.

eaten yet?

unit 7 Grammarfocus

Presenl perfect with for ond since I t z 3 + 2

Cornplete the sentences with.for or I've had this job
She's
since.

lnown

him

20 years.
ages.

\trre've r'vanted chilclren

I've liked travelling

I n-ent on my first school

5 o 7 8

I've been u,orkinc- here

long timc.
6am.

They haven't had anything to eat

\Ve've
the same I haven't seen her
l.racl

TV
clays.

the 1990s.

trip.
Complete the text r.ith dre present perfect or the past simple

-2002. ---

form ofthe r-erb in brackets. Microu'aves (1) (1le) a popular time saver fbr (prcdtrce) the I'ears. A.n American companv (2) first microwave in 1917 - it u-as almost 1.8 rnetres talll Fatnilies (l) Qzsc) srnaller modern microwaves since the 1970s. But many people don't think it is safe. So, is micros,.aved

-loodsafe?Tlreansu-eristye5,16'o,,(1)-(cook)the

food fbr dre right lengdr of time. Nficrov'aves (5)

(}e)particrrlar:1vpopularsinceconrpanies(6)-(.rrazz,)

TheUIt(7)-(}e)the1:rrgestErrrcipeanconSunef
healthilr'.

proclucing {reezer to rlicror.yave 'ready-rneals' in tl-re late 1980s. -

of microu''ave ready rneals for years. But a report in 2008 (8) (say) British people are no\4, starting to etr lnore -

Present perfect with yef ond already

\tririte the dialog'ues. Use nlrendl,
and,ye t.

the electricity bill? / the u.ater bil1. r've / not hear / about that loan. I / call / the bank / ru.ice about it. rve / spend / all our nroney for this mondr. oh dear, / vou / check / tl.re lottery ticket? our / railw'ay sh:rres / rnake / a profit. good / but the rvater shares / r'rot irnprove. A: you / have / the letter about your inheritance? B: no, the solicitor / not send / anything.
pay

A: you /

B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

no but I

pav

2 r z 3 + s o

Correct the nristakes in these sentences. Tom has lived iu Gertnany for he was a child. Has Emrna got already rnarried? He hasn't done l-ris homeu-ork alreadl'. They have finished the book yesteldarr She's worked here since three months. \Ve haven't done this alreadv.

ra nr n-a

llcl*a

E E

Emc* # gEg Va
LJg

eq

L3
t4+::r:r'li!?r4:ijffiiii'J:a':i:r:"iil::1::
l

The pcssive Ys;ce

Past passive

If we want to

say

who did the action we can use

&y +

agent.

The building was ilesigned in

200i fu

Jamous at'chitect.

Iam
You/We/They
afe

I was

You/We/They
wefe

We use the passive u'hen we clo not know who did the action (the agent), or it is not important. M1t bag was stolen. (=I don't know w-ho stole it) A botnb was leji in the statiott. (= we don't know u'ho left the bomb)
Language note: the passive is more frequent in formal speech and

He/She/It is
Form the passive with the verb
who does the action)

He/ She/It was

t0 be + past

participle.

writing.

Use the active voice to focus on the agent. (the person or thing

7gcnl
Zatti Haaia

artiuc

ucrb

objcrt

clesignerl the

building.

LIse the passive voice to focus on the action' The buildingwas designed in 2005.

Finst ecndirisncN
lJse uill, might or can tn the rlain clause: . uill: the speaker thinks it's likely that the sinradon will happen . m.ight: the speaker is not sure that the situation will happen o can: the speaker is not sure if it u'i1l happen or not

present sirnple

I/you,

etc.

will/can/might
(not) + verb
Use the first conditional to talk about a possible future situation. lf ir is bad weathe4 I'll watch TV But if it's sunny, I'll go to the be ach

The

zf clause can

be the first or second clause in the sentence'

en1o1,

If

we take the train, we'll

the.jottnzey more.

We'll enio1, the joutney tnore if ue take the truitt.

Seesnd eonditionsl
zlf

clause
+ past simple

Main clause
wo'uld +

If

I / you, etc. / could (not)

verb

If I didn't ha"te t0 wlrk, I'd go ro the bench today. (But I have to work so I won't go to dre beach) If I had lots of m.on.ey, I could fi'aael round the worltl.
(I don't have lots of money and it's unlikely that I rvill have lots of money in dre future)
Language note: we someiimes say If I were instead of /f / was- Both verbs are correct. Were is especially common in the
expression lf I were you
. "

Use the second conditional to talk about an unreal {irture sinration. It is unlikely or almost impossible that the situaticin will happen.

. when giving somebody advice.

-:3Sralr:::iarf+ci:s

,rt

il;:qt #
+l

3 "u_ ji e?,1:

ne pgsst\re votce
\Vrite about eight nodern buildings.
y'y.

I t z : + s o z s ?

L.lse dre present

or past

passive. Sometimes you need

The Enrpire State Building in Neu. York / use / in the King Kong film. The fil'o Emirates Tou,.ers in Dubai / connect to / a huge
siropping centre. 30 St Mary Are in London / call / 'the Gherkin' / Londoners. Sydney Opera House / b:utld / to look like a ship. The Guggenheim N{useum in Bilbao / often / compare / to a fish or water. The Petronas Towers in I(uala Lumpur / occupv / international
companies.

The r-rewJeu'ish Museum in Berlin,/ design / the architect

Daniel Libeskind.

The Pompidou Centre in Paris / name / after a French

president.

Rewrite these sentences with the passive so tl-rey mean the same.

\4 e sol.l our flrt last week. Ow'.flnt uas sold last ueek. t Somebody built the flats in the 1980s. 2 The1. call tlre br"rilding Hrmtingdon House . 3 Restaurants and caf6s surrouncl the building. + They painted the walls in our flat u.hite. 5 We put in a neu'' kitchen last year.

First condiriCIncl
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the first
conditior-ral.

t 2

If I
(),ou

(g'inc) ,vou rnrr

email address,

If

the
go) w-e

weather
Qo out)

(&e)

nice, u'e

(irz

--

senA

ne the details?
(tall) the police if

to the top of the tower.

(see)

him

If

fbr

a meal, we

,-I

Qtc,t

again. (not

httk
She
get)

to)

g,, Food shopping.

(nor listen) to

him if

/ tnn /

on the bus.
(m,ight

her the truth.

He

-.

take)

you to the airport if he

Ifthe

(/:;r,)

time.

(contplain) to the companl,'.

internet -

l.re -

(not rell)

(not work) again,

Second condifional I Cornplete the conr-ersation with the correct form of the
second conditional.
1

n'Iatch the conditional sentences.

If J went to

Arnerica,

A: What would you do (1) B: \4rel1, if I were in your shoes, (2)

long trip.

@'

you

be')

ne?
go)

(I
(3)

on

If we v'ent on the bus, Ifu'e take the credit card, If I drxr't u-ear sandals, If we go camping', If I had a problern,

b c d
e

we u.on't har-e to look for accomnrodation. I'cl go to San Francisco. v'e s.on't have to take lots

I'd take a month's holidav tomorro$' / my boss / gi-oe / me) time off . B: If I hacl the choice, I think (.1) C:
Yes,

-*, *--

(#
4
5

(I / go / walking)

in Neu. Zealantl, or Peru. C: Yes, I'm sure I'd fbrget all my problerns (5) I / do) something like that.
exploin) everything to her.

of cash. my feet u.ill be too hot. u'c'd sar.e lots of monev. g'ould I'ou he$ me?

---*--**

(.tf

B:Perhapsy<lrrrbossu-tiu1dhelp(6)-(iJ./7ott/

Ug-e* P
. -- -@F1.=jr!n44!;SJ4t;+4i1E+ilr:ir;i::$1:j!.:l::r:1i!.r-:irr-:!ir: --

Modol verbs of odvice

IJse should / shouldn't (+ infinitive without ro) to give advice and make suggestions. You sbould go to bed if yu don't feel well.
Yoa

Ought to can be used instead of should but is more common. You ought lo take att aspirin.
Yon

it is more formal.

Should

shouldnT read in poor light

it's

bad

for l,our

e1es.

ougbt not to uttch TV without lour

glasses.

We often use the structure I (don't) think with shoald. I d.on't tbink you shoald drink nny more.

Not:@

Must is similar to should but it is stronger and more definite (see Grammar focus 5 page 140 for nrore onm.ust). You must take an aspirin.

Could

couldn't, had to / didn't hove to

see

(For modals of obligation and possibility in the present, Grammar focus 5 page 140)
IJse had to / didn't baae to to talk about past obligation. I had to take tablets for a long time. I rlidn't baae to stay in hospital long.

Use coultl

couldn,'t

to talk about things that were possible or not

possible in the past.

Wen I

uas in hospital,

I couldn't

get out of bed.

We coald

hne

uisito't s

in

the aftentoon.

Post perfect
Affrrmative Negative Question Had I/you/he / she/ tt/we/ they
worked?
beJbre aLnd aJter, we can use the past simple instead of the past perfect as the order of events is clear. Before I staned doing regilar spolt, I uns oztenteight. Before I stat'ted doing regulat' sport, I had been orLenL,eight. The players celebmted ajler the match f.nA^hed.

With

I/You/HelShe

I/You/He/She/It
/We/They had not
(hadn't) worked.

/k/We/They
had ('d) worked.

The playert celebruted

after

the m.atch had Jinished.

Use the past perfect to talk about an event in the past that happened before another event or a specific time in the past. He ct ied because they had lost tbe m.ntch.

Use the past participles been and gone in the same way as in the present perfect (see Grammar focus 5 page 140).

I hadn't

been to

football match befot'e last Saturdal,.

n^^+ rdJt F*-

.,,:, ;

they had lost the

V

match

he cried
E Present

Reported stqlements
Use reported statements to say what another person sridHe said thnt he wasn't feeling uell. fee ling well. He told me that he was going to go to I'm goittgto the doctot"'s. **"
I'm. not
the doctot's.

ln reported statements other words can also change: . pronouns: 'We're m.eeting rfi my f.at.' *He said that they

. o .

uere meeting at his Jlat.

places:

'I got het'e 4 tmin.'

He said he had got ther.e by

In reported statements) the verb goes one tense

*-

back.

present simple

'I like your new hairstyle.'

present continuous
'I' m gettittg married.'

past simple She said (that) she liked my new

hairsryle.

He said he hnd just this / that: 'I'ae just bought this book.' *** bonghr tbat book. He said he had met her tbe times: 'I m,et her last week.'* weeh before.

Be careful
was

present perfect
'We'ae bought the tickets.'

past continuous He said (that) he past perfect

gerting married.

with say and tell: we say something (to somebody) we tell somebody (about something) The doctor told m,e I was stt'essed. I said. I kneu that.

. .

She said (thrt) they had boztght the tickets.

past simple
'Imissed, the bus.'

past perfect He sajd (that) he hnd m,issed the bus.

uill
you later.' am / is / are going to
see

would
She said (that) she ur.tuLl see me 1ater. was/wer"e goingto She said she uas goirtg ro ioin a gym.

'I'l/

'I'm

o:oing ro

join

a gvm.

Grammar focus

E E

U*f;?

+F ,fb

Y L-q*rris*s
9

Modol verbs of sdvice

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the lirst. Use should or shouldn't.

I think you need to stop smoking.

You don't drink enough water.

I tbink you should

stop srnoking.

I think you
You drink too much coffee.

t z

Don't worry about it

You

I don't think
see

Co and
You

your duttr-,rr

Don't go to bed so 1ate.

You

Could
Yesterday,

couldn't, had to

didn't hsve to
I

Complete the text witb. could, couldn't, had to or didn't haue to.

I broke my ankle while I

walk so I (2)

was running.

phone my girlfriend and she (3) take me to the hospital. Luckily I (4) wait long for an X-ray. The doctor go put a bandage on my foot and said I (5) rnove for days and my home. Unfortunately I (6) girlfriend (7) do -everything for me. The only good go to work. thing was that I (8) (1)

Post perfect -

Join dre sentences. Use the past perfect. t She ran 20 km. She was tired. She was tired because z I finished playrng tennis. I took a shower. When : The swimmer failed a drugs test. He lost his medal. The swimmer lost his medal because + She was optimistic. She won the race. Before she won the race,

s o

The referee sent a player off. The team played with ten men. -.
After
She

hurt another player. She paid a fine.

because

-. -. Reported stotements
Read the dialogue and report back the conversation between doctor and a patient.
back.
a

ffi{" F
I was obaiously bauing trouble uith I told her that (1)
She said that
nt1, ltltsle
.

D: Good morning. You're obviously having trouble with your

and

P:
D:

Yes,

I woke up this morning and I had problems getting out of

She asked me if (2) said drat (3) She said that (4) Then she told me that I said that it (6)

bed.

P:
D:

P:

Have you had this problem before? No, I've never experienced that before. OK, I'm just going to take a look. You'll feel a pain ... Ou-l That hurtl ... But my back feels much better.

(5)

but that mv

back Sramrnar f*eu$ :'iiiit

'1 E

#*i?
R a. .
LFefi

aq

1#

+:*1.

I "' -l-.--^nrng refgflve crouses

Defir'ring relative clauses give rnore infbrmation about a person or He's the dotor who / that sared my ltfe. a thing. Relatir.e ciauses are formed with that / u,hich to describe lt's sotnething which / that I don.'t like talking about. I knou n good ltalinn restnu'ant ubet'e zue oJten go Jbr hr,nch. tlrirrgs, z,/:o u.ith people and uhere u.ith places.

Languagenote:wecanUsethafinSteadofwhoandwhichbutnoINot:
instead of where.

Se$ierire

srfiel*
fllt

{f&c}
uere pnintirtg the Jlttt

Use the when a person or thing has beer-r referred to

We'ae -found a neu^
so we

tJse the u,l.ren there is only one of this person

which .ne it

is.
ottte

before. 'fhe ctnalso be used: night. o u,hen it,s part of a superlative phrase jt is clear Yn're the best thing that htrs haltpened to m.e. or thing. or r when it is part of a name (such as a river)
dl
last

My pat utts mtt the Queett

. article

Language note: we use a / an (for singular nouns) or zero

(for plural nouns) when we talk about things in general.

tbe Mekong, the Black Sen, tbe Titaniq tbe Golden Gate Bridge o for nationalities and groups in sociew the Britislt, tbe tmemplrryed

New Zealand is a country with many mountains, rivers and lakes-

Verb

$qwm,g

review
I work. I'm working.
I u.orked.
See Gramrnar focus 1 pas^e 132 See

Present sirnple

acttve

The companv makes

CATS.

See

Gratnrnar

focus 8 page 146

See

Present

Grammar Grammar

passlve

J'he cars are made in

Germany.

Granrmar

continuous
Past simple

focus 1 prge 132

See

focus 8 page 146

See

first conditional

focus 3 page 136 Past continuous

If the bank gives me a loan, I'll buy a small

second-hand car.

Granmar

locus 8 page 146

I was rvorking.
I have worked.
had worked.

See

Granmar
second conditional

fbcus 3 page 136 Present perfect

See Clrammar

If I had dre money, I'd

buy a fast sports car. can

See Clramm:rr focus 8 page 1:16 See

fcrcus 5 page 140

modals: obligation

/ can't / didn't
have to

Grammar

Past perfect

See

Grarnrnar

& possibility
(present) rnodais: aclvice

must
have to

locus 5 page 1.10

focus 9 page 1rl8

uill
90il1.9 t0

I will work.

See

Grarnrlar

focus 4 page 138

should / shouldn't, See Grammar ought to / ought not to focus 9 page i.18

I am going to work.

Granmar focus'l page 138

See

modals: obligation

."rld

& possibiliw
(past)

/ didn't had to^"nd* have to

See

Grammar

focr-rs 9 page 148

VVtaal

l4A*ra sfkttttkt na!fira/

,l

o-{

Use both to telk about nvo things. Borlr is used witl-r a plural and a plnral verb. Both rnrs nre qttite old.

nor.rn

Use neither to say something negative about each of tw-o things Neither ts used r'vith a singular noun and r.erb.

Neither car is "-ery reliable. Neitber of

Use both oJ'and neither o/u.ith a plural noun or pronoun. the cats is ecanomicd. Let's sell both of thern.

i.:

i',,

a,,

:,Jttai nftaf ;ili.i_;:li

0e$lming re$stive eisuses

Cornplete the dialogues wtth uho, u^hich, thdt or uhere
.

r A: \{rl.ro'.s that?
B:
He'.s a chef has

4A:
written lots of best-selling

cookerv books.

z A: Clan )'olr recommencl a hotel in Neu'Yt-rr-k? B: Yes, there's a good hotel \l-e stayed last vear. 3 A: Hi, what'.s neu'? B:Well,Igotthe;ob-Itoldyoutrbout1asttirne. ..

Where'.s the dictionary? (lver there. It'.s the big blue book shelf. 5A: \d4ro were dre first Europeans there? B: I think it was the \tkings 6A: \Vhat's that big br.rilding there? B: Oh, that's the new supermarket shop 24 hours.
B:

is on d.rat

sailed there first.

vou can

uefinrEe o!'frcre trneJ

f.

..

t.t

Complete the sentences with n / an, the or nothing O. Nen' South \4ra1es is (1) state in (2) south-east ofAustralia. It is (3) oidest and n'rost populated state in Australia and its capital Svdney is home to famoris sights such as -, (1) Sydnev C)pera House. It has (5) ven'diverse clinate w.ith hot sulnmers and cold u.inters. (6) state has great iocations for visitors: (7) beautiftil beaches, national
parks and sno$T mountains.

Venb $srml review

Underline the correct verb.

t z : + s o 7 s

The lirst plane that had tr.t / u.uld be controlled in the eir

r',zs

inxented / itn-tented in 1903. The plane Jlew / hns floun for 12 seconds. The \drright brothers uere mnkittg / had m,atle bicl'cles v.hen the:y became / uere becoming interested in planes. They huih / were buiklin.g the plane after they ha,-e r:atched /
wutched

htd

how birds

fl1'.

The biegest passenger plane, the Airbus Al80 its first flight in 2005.

made

is

tntking

Since then, several airlines haae ordered / had ordered A380s. Airbus is planning / is going ta plan to produce an even bigger plane in the near future. If er.erl.thing went / goes according to plan, the ner'v plane uill be / is being nearly 80 rnetres long.

Soffi, rleif&er
Rewrite the sentences about two friends rsingboth / neither or both oJ-/ neither of. Son-retimes more than one ans\\.er is possible.

t z : + s o

The tr'r,.o friends live in a big city. They aren't married. The friencls don't have a car.
Eacl.r

friend ou,ns properry.

The tu.o friends enjoy playing chess. Ther.'ve u.ritten books but their books haven't been published.

Unit I

&t.sz
I
Sorri', yes.

I'Iv last name

is Torrance.

That's

T_O_R_R_A_N_C E.

2 3

I live

you:J-A-NdoubleS E N
\Vlite this t.os

on Janssen Street. I'11 speil that dou-n.

for

K-E N 'l' U-C-K-Y.

The nane of the state is

That's Kentuckrr

&

1 A: Oh, when was this photo teken? B: That one? Five vears ago, I think. A: Mrnmm. It! quite a good photo of you. B: I don't know. I don't think I lookcd good A:
with that beard. I think vou look nicc
intelligent.
anc1,

nrnm,

@wt

John is narriecl to .N{an', but you don't knov- her pcrsonalll-. So you ar.rd Mary have one degree of separation. Mary has a siste r, Jane. Jane and you havc tlr.o degrees of separation.Jane's neighbour, let'.s call l-rim Robert, rvorks for a big hotel ir-r the city centre. You antl liobert,Jane's ncig;hbour, have three degrees ofseparation. Iiobert doesn't or.n the l-rotel. He works for l'[r. Srrith, the president. You and Mr Smidr ... fbur degrees of separatior"r. Nl[r Srnith, because hct an owner of a big expensive l-rotel, he'.s often in touch with irnportant pcoplc. He's iriends t'ith dre Anb:rssador for cxample. So you :rncl the Ambassaclor h:rr.e five deg;rees of separation. Ard wel1, the Ambassador goes to New Yolk three times a year, and he knows the Secretary Gcncral of the United Natiorrs. So, if you make all the right connections it means that t-ou and the Secrctary General of the United Nations have six degrees of separation.

Unit 2

& t.tr
Zao Shen is the gocl of thc kitchcn. He is a figure in Chinese mvdrology. He *'atches farnilies ancl tells the othcr gods if a fan'fly is goocl or bed. He hls dre pou'er to make families rich or poor. Zao Shen also protects the home from evil spirits. Many hornes in China, Tairvan and Southeast Asia have a picture ofZao Shen in tl-re kitchen.

& r.zo
Human beings need water to live. A hurnan being can live lbr weeks wjthout fbod, but onlr' a fc*- days r.vithout rvatel. \Ye o{ten hcar that orir bodv is twr-r thirds u'atcr, but rvhat cxactly does v'ater do to help the hurnan body? \,\'rater helps to protect impoltant p:rrts of the bod_v, such :rs the cyes. The brain is 75% lvater'. \\,'e also need s'ater to breathe, and to kecp our bodv temperature normal. \drater carries nutrients lnd orl.gen to all parts ofthe body. Blood is, in fact,92ok water. In addition, r.vater helps to conver:t lbod into energl'and removes waste from the bod1.. It is also ver--l- good for a person'.s sLin. Even the trones in our body arc made up of 22% v,ater. The hurnan bodv gets \4.ater not only fi'on v.ater itsclfbut also from other drinks and food. \Vater is a rnajor part of rnany foods, p',rrticularll fruit and r-egetables, vhich may contain from 85 to 9,5% n'ater. Becalrse the :rmount of $-ater u'e need mlv change u'ith clirnete, level of acti\.ity, diet and othcr fictors, therc is no onc recornmendation for hov, rnuch dailv u'ater you need to drink. Hov'ever, adults tyrically need at lcast two litres (eight cups) ofu.ater: a da1-,lrom all sources.

2 A: Hov-'s thc baby? B: C)l-r,z-czrr. Great. A: It's a'shc', righti B: \-es, yes. I'11 sl-rolv t'ou a photo. She looks A: B: A:
like her father. Oh, yeal.r, bald just like her dadl
is she?
Six months nclr'l'. She looks

&r.ta
A: B: E:
\trrhatareyoudoing?
So, rvhat do you do? Excuse me, u.e're trying to u'ork.

C:

D: You're not listeningl tlow old

How's it going?

&t.tt
l-rappr,'.

rerlly

Shet got a great

srmle.

&

t.as
Who'.s this a photo ofl I)on't you knov'? It'.s Bellal Bella? Oh yesl She looks so different her:e. Hou' long ago was this?

3 A: B: A:

1 A: Hello. B: Hello. A: First time hcre? B: Sorrvi A: I said, is this vour

conference.

first tirnc hele? At the

B: At the errd of urrirtr>iq. A: \\bv.. Her hair wrs much longer then,
and so cu'rly.

B: Yes.Yes. A: \Vell, hcllo. -N{v narne's Georgc. B: Hi Georg;e. Nice to meet you.

&t.tz

@t.zs
I A: B:
A: B: A: A:
C:
B:
Good evening. Hello. It's a table for two, please. We've got a resen'ation.

W tat

4 A: \\'rhet does tl-re suspect look like? A: I can't hcar you. \Aftat does the suspect
look like?

2 A: C)l-r, look at the tirne. It'.s gctting- late. B: \d,hrt time is it? A: Elevcn o'clock. And I have a class
tonlorros'.

Namci

B: Tl-re suspect is a v'l.rite, older A: Anlthing else?

B:

man.

A: B:

Just a seconcl ... yes. He's got g;rey hair and a moustache. \Vhat kind ofcar does he drive? An old u.hite \iolvo.
Tl-ranks.

B: A: B:

Oh. \Ve11, C)K

Yes.

tl.rer.r.

Thanks for everything. No problern.

Goodnigl-rt. Bye.

M - double ()-I{-E. Ah, yes. Just this u'ay-. Nov., u.hat would you like to order?
-Vloore, thatt
I'11 have dre fish. Just a ninute. I haven't seen everydring on the menu yet.

A: B:

&w I
2 3 4

A:

@ t.tr
B:

3 A: And this is frorn ne.

B: Awll'.

C:

Sorry., theu can u'e h:rve another minute to decide? C)f course.

A: 2 A: B: A:

Pilar is my Spanish neighbour. Shek on v:rcation in -Nlexico, and I've got her cat and her plants.

OK, I{ans. Ilans ancl I aren't really friends. He's more of an acquaintance. IIe's director
of the German department. l(en is a colleagle of mine at tl-re universiqr He teaches French, and I teach (]erman. I take a computer class in the cven:ing. Solia is my classmate.

A: B: A: 4 A:

Oh rny... It'.s a dogl Isi-r't that great? Er, 1'g5. A dog. Thankyou verymuch. You're welcorne. Happv birthday.

@t"za
Here you go. Anyd-ring to drink? Sor4', I think there's a mrstake here.
rvanted a hamburger, not a hot dog. OK, sorry. Just a mir.rutc. One hamburger', please.

&r,rq
IIelio? Oh hi, listcn I'ni on the train. It's not a good tirne rigl-rt nor'. ..
. .. Oh, I'm sorry I didn't you and ... That's all right. Here, let me help you v'ith your bag. No. itl fine.

B: Hey! A: \lrait a minute

see

B: Thanks. A: Arything to ddnk? B: Uh... A diet Coke, please.

@ws -I-he

B:

A: B:

Small, mediurn or large? Small, please.

theory of Six Degrees of Separation u.orks like this. Imag;ir-re you and John are collcagucs.

A: B:

Ptia,atc-'ti

&

t.z.s

3 A: -\{ore coffeel B: N-.o thanks, I'm Fne. A: Did rou enjoy 1'our lrreakfast? B: lt u,.as Iovelr,, tlranks. A: Goocl. B: Cotrld T have the biil? A: lbu har,c to pav over there for the buftet
sen icc.

In the nileteen-t$,enties souncl recording rnet film. The first filns rvith sourcl u.cre callccl
't:rlLing pictures'.
Tn 1 962 the company Philips introduced thc :mclio c'essette tape plaver. C)ne \-car l:rtcr the first discothequc in A.rnerjce oper-red rn Los

A:
B:

Ancl

thrt thcrc should

be rror:e spi.lcc

firr filns fi'orn arountl the rircrlcl.,\{ore

'lor:ld cincma'.
F,xactlr'. There are lots ol grc:rt fiJns from othel cornrtrics, but u e onlv see ouf o\\n Americrn films hele. Ald T clon't tl-rink tl-rat's right. I lgree r.ith,vou tl.rere,.John. So r'r.hat ftlrns tlr lrru think r'r'e shoultl see? \Vell ...

Angeles.

B:

Sorrv, where?

A:
B:

Over therc, nert to the plants and the cxit sign. ( )h. I cee it. Thinl,. agrrin.

The seventies lncl eigl-rties snr. thc inooductiort of \TIS viclco, cassette l\r:rlknan ar-rd CD. Thc Cl) rorrlutioniscd tl'Le music industry lt was in the earlr. nineties that t{igital nusic rnrl r'ideo appeared. In I996 the first disital music
player was sold in-[apan. One vcar later the
carne out. llut it uasn't trntil thc bcginning of dre 2 1" centula' that digital niusic and I{P-l pla,vers realJr- beqln to beconre popular. L'r 2001 Apple rcleased thc llrst iPod, a portable i\lP3 pJaver. 'l'l-re history ofsound recording has rlrvavs bccn to nrakc dcviccs that :rrc smeller, but contiin mole souncl.'l'he first record plar.'ed for onlt'six rninutes ancl needed a lalge machine to plru'it on. TI.re current ge ncrlltion of music plavers go in 1-our pocket and can hold more drar-r 15,000 songs, r'ideo ancl photogrrrphs.

A:
B:

&

t.cd

first.\'IPl plaler

A:

Yru're v'elcorle.

3 A: \\ ltrtL.tlrortt tlti',,rt.i B: \\tat, a nrusic:rl? A: I Lnol,vou thirrk tl-ret rnusicirls erc

tcrribl
c.

Wt.zt
I
Nlo. Iran

Ii:
A: B:

rbsoluteh- right. The,r' '\bsolutelv, 1'ou'rc

are

au.illl

'-[\pical traditionrl Persian tbod. It consists of ricc and rninccd Iirnb, Lebebs and chickens rnd dried fruit.

\\rcll, mavbe but ... I read tl-is one

different.
a r 11-\1.i1\-.

rvas

\.\t

ahvtvs see the same lilnrs

Wt.zs
()ianfranco, ltelv
Pizza. (J{ course notPizza Hut but Napoli pizza. les, pizza, lasaene ancl past:r.

A:
Unit 4

Oh plcase. V\'re see lots of clifTerent fiLrs. Last rveek v-c sru. e Frencl'r film. Fine, voLr choose tl-re D\J) thcn.

&
3

&

t.zs
L,lenr,
Borsch
Ilr.rssie

t.cz \Irrri, lt,r.,rl\\J\\ Ir((lr .r \cr\ irlrl.)',rtrilt

l)iil-l

salacl. But it'.s boi]ed in s'rtcr, I clon't lcrou; u.ith beetroot, ri,itl-r onion, potato, rvith rreat, or rra,vbe l'idr chickcn, or rral'be witl-r rurke1'. \i:al-r rnd itls velv tast1, realh..

it's r-cry

rntcrcsting it! like

of lilrn and teler.ision. A fihn can be conpletelr,' trirnsfirrmcil dcpending on the kjncl of rnusic
a
l',OLr LlSe.

&
B:

t.at A: ...? B: OIi, u'e11. trIv n,ure'.s Josh Cross ar-rd this is
Helle Hanscn.

@
4

t.eo
N'larlies, Genn:rnv
It'.s

A schnitzel tlish.

kind of a ncat, it's fiied

and you most often have it r.vitl-r French frics and salad or potato salad l.hich is r:rther lrl'icrl,,f f ,crntntt f,,,,J rtqrtin.

For cx:rmplc, if you want the audience to ficl sc:rrecl ltou w2urt to Lrse some kind of tension rnusic. FTere is an exarnple of rlusic that makcs people feel tense or scered. It uscs violins plaved on a ven- high note and rerr- tpricirlv. Clcntlc music is gootl fbr maLing:rn audience feel calm and safe. I r.rse auitlr, violin or evcn piano. This kincl of music is goocl u'ith love
scen es.

C: Hi.
And ... t'cll. u'e're 'lid rvorkcrs rvith the l)anish olqanisation trIiler-re Nielscn
Foundation. Helle, do 1-or1 s,xnt to. . . s:i\sorlrething about it? It! startinq t neu projcct in Cludtenlttla rtcxt nonth. \\re're going to be in e small villege

C:

I sorretimes

&
5

r.rr
,\'Iatt,
LTS

use choral rnusic fbr ccrtain specill scenes, or to rnake people f'ccl sad. I use tl-ris firr wl-ren a character dies in a filn.

B: Ir ,h" r.r,r.,n,"ina. C: In the mountains. lt'.s :r very poor place.

Finally, sonretimes inclividurl charlcters or

icleas

ne think of homc.'lhere are ccrtain cancll. brencls that wl-rer-rer.er I scc therri thel' rcrlind me of rny childhood and thev remincl nre of grou.ing up in the United
Candy rnakes Strtes-

I did thc

&r.v
6
Sonia, Spain

tortilla rnakcs me think of homc antl vcry tvpical lnsu.er but I thinl< it is a verv simple dish v.hich is macle h'orr eglgs and potatocs ancl itl rnade like anr- otlrer
Spanisl-r

that's

fihn have theil orvn kind o{rrusic. music fcrr thc l}'itish television progr:alnlne Robin Hool, antl er.ery tirle thc character ofRobin appears you hear this kind of rnusic. It uses tmmpets, rvl-rich are elrvals g'ood instrurnents fbr heroes. In thc past, to record the music fcrr a film, the olchestra usetl to play in front of l large screen showir-rg the rnor.ie, so the conposer cor-rld gct dre tirningJ just right. Nou'u'ith cornputers, it in
:r

A: ...? C: l\is'pe goine to wrrk rvith thc chilclren therc

B: l3:rsicallr', u,e're eoing to be responsible lbr thc children during the day. Plaving, coohing.. C: Clcaning ...
.

A: ...? B: I'm :r tcacher

C:

olisinalll-,

ar-rd

Hellc has'.r

EverJthing is much easier, rud u,e do a lot o{the rvork in tl-re stuclio. isn't so
r-recessarr,'.

tortilla.

Unit 3

&bt.ca I A: So, ll.hat did vou tl-rink?

B: I don't
scar\,,

B:
C:

&
In

t.ra

knovi l{orror 1ilns, v'cll, they should be thrilline, you linow, be a bit

background in child psvcholog'l: \\rc botl-r u.antcil to l-relp people. I ltll in lovc rvith Clu:ltentele $.hcr I \\'as thcrc on a l-rolidav nvo vears ago.'l'he people are friencllv:rncl the countrv is beautiful. I rerrernbcr thinking: 'I'm corning back hele onc clal'.' lt's g'oir-rg to be rr.r1'lirst tin-re in Gualcn-rela. I'rr looking forri,lrcl to going on this tr4) verv tnucl-r.
Yeah. nrc too.

1877. Thomas Eclison made or-re of thc first evcr sounc[ recordings. Edrson prcdicted tl-rat sound recordii-rgs u.ould be used fbr oflice

dictati on, speaking books, eclucation, talLing

clocl<s and music.

In

1901, the first recorcls rvere releasecl u'ith rccorclings or.r botl-r sides. People used to listen to these on recorcl players called gramophoncs.

A: I think so too. B: A.r-rd tl-rat film u.asn't. A: Oh come on, it u'as. B: No, I don't agree. It \\'as not scan:

A: B:
C:

...? Goocl questioll. I guess I lr.ould sal'that hope is tl-re most important thrng.If lou dor't h:rve hope, \-ou clon't har.c ant,thing. \i:s, tl-ris rs espccialll' true v-hen vou're r.rorkir"rg u.ith people r.r.ho l.rar.e, reall.l', /os/ hope. If you l-rave hope, * ell that helps 1ou keep going.
1.;

& t.as

2 A: Nov, vou believc that there are too

manv big buclget action lihns in the cinema.

B: Thatt rieht.

;:ili::r::::-:il

A: ...? B: 'l'l-r:u-rlis. \\te'11 let \.or kror'C: Thank r'ou.

hot it goes

%l.ss

Unit 5
rn\-

3 A: Clen I l-re$ r'ou? B: \es, tl-ranks. L,rn, I ... I'r.c missccl

train. Clelr

4&
I

l.os

%t.sz
A:
,1tt Lron.-enient Tizth? Tsn't that
a

usc this ticket

for the nert

tr,,lin

clocurncntln'frlm

feu years rgo'.rbout

A:

qlobal u.lrmir.rgi No, I heven't seeir it, no. I lr.rr,l ir u rrr irrtclerrirrg.

B:

\\rell. of coursc I kneu lbout qlrbll r'':rnninq r bit betirre I snl the {ilnr . . , but, rr,cll . . .. u ou. I nrean, it rcirllv mlkcs me thinL rbout u'h;rt I'rn eoing'to do. If u.c clon't dcr sonrething nou', l.e'll h:rr-c scrious problens
in the frrtrrre. AII I $,rnt to srr\- is irr portirnt.

B:

\'cs, 1ou cln. Thc next tl':rin is tl-re six o'clock fast train. \'rru'll ;rcccl to p:ry ur ertrr tcn euros firt that. Or yoll c:ln tilie tlrc 'ir ritir rr:rin,rnrl \rlu ilun r lril\c r') pa1- rnvti'Ling ertra. OIi, I'll take thc six lif'tr' trair-r tl-ren.

Oh. hello, good to scc you. Listen, scimcbodl- h:rs to uork this Sanrrdatrnorning. Susan has called in sick. Nou, I knou. that vou'r-c grrrkcrl cvcry Sanrrday this rnonth, l)ut there isn't anyone else.'fhat all rightj Vru crn tlkc next Sarlrr(l:ry off.

%
2

t.o*

Thank r-ou.

A: \bn're

u elcotne.

C: D:

tlut I sal.this film. It

%t.so

Excuse nrei Yes, come here, please. Now, I clon't krorv if anvbocly told vrm, but u'c hln-e a tlress cocle here. L,mplovees ]]rustn't u'ear jeans to rvorli. Itls not allou'ed. \bu clon't havc to u.car:r jackct:rnd tie, but try to be :r

\\':rs.J c^l'eitt clocurnentata,, aucl it'.s r.cry vcnafter: AI Clorr $'on the Nobel Perce Prize. I lernit a lot. Tt u.as tlif-fcrent frorr a usual
C)l-r,

i'es

I rerrerrber this liln. I sru.it

llollvu'ood fiLn.

E: I didn't likc it.'l'hcsc

dlrrr.

F:

:rrrr rr,rr. u'lren this climate changc happens, T'11 tre deacl. So I clon't llrrnt to $on'\'rrbout it nor,r,. I halen't but nn'son sirrv this fi1rr at scJ'rool, in his ecogrrrph'r,clrrss. He u,as telkinq about it all eyenina. IJe sard: "You'll thinl

rr.

rrlu:rr

'l

kinds of docunrcntan'

ightcninq. \rrd

I A: r\re vou read\- to ortler? B: \ts. I'll hrve r salacl. 2 \: I .lou't LrnJulrt,rn.l rlil'. B: That! rrll rieht. I'll l-re$ rou. 3 A: iltc rtert tr',rin is in nretttr rnirrrrt... B: Shrll $.c trlke it or u,ait? ,[ A: Here, let rrc tirlie thosc brgs. B: 'l'h:rnks. but it'.s OK. I'11 carn. thcn.

little bit morc iblnral.

%t.os
3
No, no,

sav this? \?ru rzn

\O. Hol. nrrrnv tirnes clo I hl e to i usc the ccintputer to seud

pri! rte emails lnd rrtu ar 't scnd pcrsonal mcssaqcs to each other on the cornputer. \iru ,l:e on conll)any tirne, :rncl you rilust respe i that tirnc. That rneans -uor*zr!, el erl'b0cl1;
and rutt

%t.sr
I
Abclul, Libya Actrrallr- I'nr lcarnins L,nglish bccause be helpful for rnr career.

ttlking.

%t"tt
it u'ill

;l

dilTcrentlv eftcr \-or.r scc it." I think it'.s qoocl th'lt he lerrns about tiris lJncl of thinq at
sch

ool.

ffi
2

l"se
01g;a, Russia

&t.ss
1 A:
Ol-r.

Look at

tl-re tirne.

I{r'

tr:rrr.r1s

lelvinpl

['nr Iearning English bec:rusc first of lll I wrrnt to be ir tcacher of F.nqlisl-r in mv

c0Lln tn..

It'.s OK, 1'ou knou'. Of course vou can go on vour lunch break nou,. You clrn't have to corr.re in to nrt. ofhce ancl ask rne every tinre. I like to keep thines ir.rfirrmal arountl here, :rncl rs lonq ils cr-e1f.-orle cloes tl.reir u'ork tiren I don't see r problcm..\11 r:ight? By the u'at, I rccornmcnd the Itllian restrurant oll thc corner if you clon't knol uhere to go.fer.J,

SOON.

good pasta.

B: A: B:

pav for thcse? 'l'h.rt u,oulcl be grear. Shall

%t.sq

3 llert, Tirrhey
I u,,rrl,l likc tu rr.r'L tirr
u,ho work in Clalreda and USA ancl thel' ttcq,l t'<allr r,,,,,1 I rrpljrh rkill.,rlrJ I lr,rr. tli spelk Enqlisl-r velr- u ell end to x.ork lbr thern.

OK. \.\rrit. rif thcnr.

clon't have enorrq'h fbr botl.r

',nl(

contl)tnie\

A: I{old on. Ifo* rnuch is iti B: 51.75. A: I'11 pll fbr it. I leleis fir'e. I re'allt' havc tcr
B:
go non,though. Thanks rgril. Havc :t g;oocl trip, and vou next -\{onda\'l Bvel See vou trIonclari
sce

& .1

t.os

Nlilt

Srrutli ,A.rrrbi,r

A: 2 A:
B:

\\rell I believe thrt linglisl-r is verr- inportrnt nol.lda\-s rls \()u cannot contiluc stucl1-ing

%l.s*
Hcr.-l
tI-re

l.ithout using Englisir

trec:rrrse it'.s thc

\\t:rt

tirnc do 1ou nccd to qct

tc)

internation:rl

1'rng;uage nciu.rda \rs.

airporti

A:
B: A: B:

I'rn pllnr.rir.rg to be there tu'o hours belbre tl're flight. \\'l'rr-i \\'ell, lcxrk at the tirne. l-he lirport truin lr'lt r': in lir t nrittttt.>.
C)h no.

&l"ot
5
,A.rthur, Iirrrnce

Goocl afiernoon. r\'Iv narne is Robcrt \lacartlrur. lnil I'rn I.rere to talk to vou about the serious IeisLrre pelspective, 'I'he serious leisule perspectivc cornes fiorn thc cxpcrt o:r leisure, Robert Stebbins, at thc Universiq' of Calqarv ir.r Clanaclrr. Hc has been r.r'orking; on this theon' since 197.1. r\ccorcling tcr Stebbir-rs. there'.rre t$o rnain tbrnrs of lcisurc: cirsual leisurc :rnd serious leisure. Cl:rsull leisure is just tl-ret, casual. Sitting about irt honrc is cirsuirl lcisule. Doing nothine is casual Ieisure. \\irtcl-ring tclo'ision, r:eadirrp; a book. llalbe just going fbr a u,alL or chatting rvith friencls or.er clinner. People enjov doing- thcsc rrctivities bec:lusc thcl'ficl goocl, because thev're

&

t"es

I love it. l}rqlish culturc, the .\nericen tultrrrq. it. rttoric, it: iltu.ic.
anr le'arr.ring English becluse

rcl:rrittg. lrc(

rll\( I hr\'rr

flilr.
:r

lor-c the

Fot nenr- cif us hcre in Anericr, leisure has

I'rrr sorrr,, \\'e \\'ere tillrjng rnd I dicln't see the tinre... No, clon't u.ornr I . . . J v.on't tlke the train. I'll tllie a tlri. -{ taril'lhc1-'re cprite e.rpensive. Let me cirivc vou to thc ajrport. Reallyi That rvould be grert.'-['hanks. \,' pri'l'l,rrt. \\'r' r':ttt (urrlirruc ost' con|ersition in the crrr.

& w 6

-.t.6z
Dain. South Korel English is a urcrld lrngrage so ne ncccl tci studr- Enelish. Itls essentiel. And personalh' I $.:urt to be a politicirn or I uent to bc a

bed reput,rtion bccausc it's not u'orli. \\re live in a sociefi, that says uork is nore import;rnt thrn

A:
B:

Ici.ttrc l'.clrtse leisulc i' lrrzr. But therc is rnother lirrrn of leisurc. callecl \el i'rlt\ lci\llre. SrIiutrs lcisrr|.c rr'riririr': rrrr' acti\.ities r'r'hich leed to personll der.eloprnent. Doing :r spor t reqrrJarlr-, like o'clinq, running,
sLiing, or snirnming
leisur e.

diplonlt, tfiich nl'llthcr u'ants.

So

I think

lrc

cxanrples ofserious

.\:

llnjtlisl-I is the nlost importrnt thine firr a politician or a diplornat so th.rtls u'h1 l anr rur,l\ inq l- rrelirh irr Britrirt rrurr.

Serious leisr:re;rctivitics cirn also inclucle mai<ins thing'. sp rr,llcrrirrg t]rinsr. H, r'.. lirr trar rplc. is an irnaqe of a l,ebsite firr collectors ofrubber ducks. Thjs is funnt', \'es, but an eramplc of serious leisure too.
Fina]11-, serious leisure c:rn mcan 81-

r.olunteer

ork.

voluntcer x.ork,

tnean unpaid

rrrrk hclpinl

pcoplc othcr than \trur firril1,. For eurnple, v.rllrnteering in a local l-rospital. (Jr ir-r a school. C)r in a home fbr old peoplc.

enouqh to get lne to Los '$g;eles ancl l,rok tb| u !,rl l: rln rtct{ )r.

tcr

I believe serious leisure is inportent becausc jt'.s fun, ves, but it also satislles r ncetl in us, it crn
change our lir,es.

%
2

r.os
l{en.v people thinl rnl'rvork is just diszusting, but I think it'.s rnteresting. I spencl ell drv u,orkinq- in pcoplet rubbish. It's not as bad as you think. Not alrvays, 2p11r,11'. I often l.ork at a ci$'landfill, vou kr.rorv, the phce u.here thel' put all the lubbish. Sornetimes I snrdv specific l:incls of rubbish. I'nr finishing a projcct rt the nloment on ofEce rubbish: paper, plestic. that kjnd of tl-ring. C)ffice rubbish is tnuch lcss clisgusting than restaurant rubbish. That lves last veark project.

A: 'l'hc l:rptopls uone clol n agrinl B: Did vou save rlur u orki A: No. B: \bu sl-rould reallr- b.rck up ,rll i our ri'ork.
I
ahr.al,-s do.

And nou., movinq on to

m1- os.n rcse:rrch

...

A: Grert

...Thanks firr the lch ice.

t.rs
agrin for corring. Tl-re purpose of todav'.s mccting is to give vou all the infcrrmttion about ... Flxcuse n.re. Clor-rld I just ask a qucstion?
ancl th':rnks tl-re books vet. Is

&r.lr

1 A:

l{ight. Hello

B: A: \-es, I{rs Drvies. B: \Il'son clocsn't have lll

this
:r

problem?

A: Not at e11. \\re can t:rlk ir iust a mome nt.

C:
Clan

about the books

&:.or

5 A: OK. t'e:t,h to rlu tlti'j B: Yep. Delinitelr': A: I,'irst, click on this button he re. B: OK... done. A: Nov. krg or.t to tl'rc system. B: \\hat? A: Log or-r. 1i'pe in vour usernatnc
passrvorcl.

ancl

I add that rrrr daughtel doesn't h:rr-c the books eithcr?'fhey haven't arrir.ccl.
Thankl'ou,

A:

\Ir Brol'n. Pletse

clon't

u,,ila ilr()ril it n,,*...

%l.re
2 A:
And T think r.ou u,ill find that the strrting' s:rhr| is z,er1, good.
u,orlcing hours againi I'nr not stLre thirt I understoocl. \\hrt tirrc tlo rrru expect nc to rl'rive in the rr-rorning)

B: lts. Thank r-ou. NIer, I esk rbout

1 r.r.rn'.ebar-.it, thatt I-T for Italri 2 132.l@hotmail.corr 3 u,lry'.laceLrook.corr 4 rvrvr..itt.com/enq-lish 5 Jrsor-17@gmail.corn 6 l u,w.mYsplce.com 7 umTiamazon.cle, not corn, D-F.... 8 sean@vahoo.co.uk, that! S-E-A-N H-O-O dot C-O dot U I{

R:

Oh-

A: \\l.rat) B: T can't renrember

rnt'passrvordl

A:
:rtY-A-

%z.ts
Hi, crcusc me. I noticed vour beg. r\re vou goir-rg to tl-re Technologv conf'erencc?

B: That! rieht. A: Me rdol C,,rrld uc rh,-rrc r trrii

B:
A:

Sure.

A: B: A:
B: A: B:

Seven o'cloch.

Finc. Scyen o'clocli.'I'h'at'.s eallt: \\re need pec4lle earlv in tl'rc rnorning to talk to our Europcar.r ofEces.

%t.CIs I A: C)K. Tr- nor.v. B: \o. Ir\ 'till not uurkirrg. A: Nothing? Clan vor see anything
screen?

The conf-erence centrc, plc:rse. C: OK.

on the

B:

Of course.
Is tl-rere
a pr:oblem?

\'es. But rvhcn I click on thc interilet button nothinq- htppens.

No, not at all. Not at all.

ffi

t"rs

A: i\ntl nou.? B: Yesl It\ worHng ntxr.. Oh thnnli 1,ou thnil \ hat did vou doi -),01r. A: Tl-re c:rble was old. I tooh a nen'cable
tncl connectecl jt up to thc intcrnet
a

A: Heve vou been to Srn Francisco betbrcl B: Er,.rro. No T haven't. A, SAW6j$.ii!|!i Nicc r'.eatl.rer'. B: Ntrn. A: r\{t' narnct Frank, bv thc u.tr'. B: \ice lo r)c(r \uu. Clarr,lia. A: Hi Cllautlir. V\l-rere arc trru frorr. C]ruJ:,r. B: l-rmkflrt. A: \\rorv. Frankfurt. \iru clon't har-e rr C;cr::::::
lccent at all.
B: T u.cnt to scl-rool in Englrrnd. A: &i$i&ii; lt'"lt, I'm Fhglish s' ... I ::-.. thatls norm:ri. B: Yes, I guess. A: So ... do you l.ork lcl ABT TLchl, .B: \cs. I u ur:k irr rh. Franklirrr ',1i.. mv first conl'erencc. A: ()h, l'ru buclt t',1()t.ul r,,t l.tt-. ' vcn' boring lrou kne11'.
.

3 A: OK, so the next itcrn on thc apJenda is ... B: Clirn I sar- somcthing herei A: Is it about l-ages? B: No, it isn't. A: i\11 rieht then. Becausc rvc arcn't telkins
B:
irlrollt uJL(. irr tlrir ttteetirtg. (lan I just sav drat tl-re clress codc v-e have nou. is tcrrible. Terrible. 'l'hank vou, Drvid.

g:l1n.

F# Z,Uy 2 A: So, tell n're the problern ag:rin? B: OK, rvhen I tr1'to print out a docllnrent
the colrputer pr:ints out
a dif/brcnt

clocurlert.

A: B: A:

You meen, not the one vou rvant to

A: B: I hntc thcse ties. A: I ln'rorv ... rvhich is rvhv *-c'rc tellcng' B:

Unit &
ebout a chanq^e in the clress code. Can I :rlso mention that thc trolrsers
sct t r:tcom.jbrtt
b

print?
'I'h'at'.s rigl-rt. I Iave votr

tlied

...

B:
:ll:e

I'r.c trietl everythinlil

B: A: B: A:

Realh';'
OI-r 1'es.

I e.

%tlo

Thc s'orst part is lirrcn:::. l)r'eriJenl. Lrncc Tilulrl: ..

Reall1'?

J A: \,,,

rro,

ir! OK, thr r'ottlpttr, t'Pcrtott i:

.

% a*:
I
I .liJ

ilrit llst

rrrrrrrrr,r-. Tr ir,ts rrn

illlqplstitttl

\bu're here B: Yes? !\hat's tl-re problern? A: \\''ell, I trl to open lny cmail ... and ... I
here nol'. get this.

Gosh ycs. His talks are so b, ,::: o'ening par6- is quite gooJ. I)

-.

. ':
.

parties:

B:

No, not rellh'.

part-time .job nruch moLc interesting than the other jobs I've hacl. There u'ere 1-5 r.rf us in total. The stuLlv was ir Tex:rs lnd the scientists were lookiirg:tt the efl'ects o{no grar-ifi- on the hrunln bodr,-. For the stuclr' rvc hrd to stay in bed iirr 15 clays. Er.en- dav the scientists put us in r special rnachine that turncd us around ancl around upside dourr fbr ar.r hour reallv quickll'. I felt like rnv brlin u,as in mv stomlch lfter the first dar'. But . . . at the end of thc project I got $(r,000

B: LTrg ...

r-r,rk.

A:

Ye':rh. Disgusting;, huh?

B: \-eah. OI(. Shut dou.n the computer and

{: .Ur. Me neiLher. \, 'i 'c., .. B: TlLanlcs, Frank. A: \orr're rrelt,,tttc. V. ), . conference l-iotell

A: B:

leave rt. Is it l virus or son)ething? I'rn afi'aid so.

B:

A:

No, I'rr not. Hr. Neither am I. lr hotcli

'

%E.ll

B: I er... I clon't lnor,. ( ):

h

4 A: Oh r-ro. Nol B: \A'hat'.s rvrolrg?

usbrn

r1.

A: B:

Oh.Oh.
Lance, this is Fmnk. Frank, this is my husband Lancc.

A: B:

A hundred and fifty,i Thatls erpensive.

Ycru can have

it for a l.runtlred and

B: Rightl It was used in the film P9'r*0. A: Hokl on, thc guide says ... tl-ris is
probably one of the rnost well-known lilrn set houses in Holl1-woocl history. The old house and motel next to it u'erc

tu entv-Iivc.

A: Oh...l}:...
D: Nice to meet
here.

vou, Flank. Ghd vou could be

A: I{i.

A: A hundred rnd ten? B: Sorn', no. A hurclred and rq,enty-five. A: No thanks. I'11 leave it. B: OKI C)KI A hundred and ten.

built originally for the Hitchcock film

Py'cho tn the 1960s.

B: Mrnm.

&z.to
I
Honor, Englancl I think tlat the most useful technical adr.ancc for ne has been the internet,
1.es,

&z.st

A:
B:

because I can do things like booking tickets and so fortl-r.

2 A: Hcllo. C:rn I help r uui B: Clan I have sone of these, please? A: \4rhich ones, love? B: The red and v'hite ones. They'll look
nice in the living; roon'r.

Sometines, at Hallorveen, the house and motel are opened for thc public to corle
and stay.

Brrr. Staying at this place on llalloween?

No thank you.

&z.v
2
i\rthur, Francc
'lbler,'ision is vcry important fbr tl're inforrrmti,,n rrtJ lor entertlirttnt nt.

A: Right. llere vou are. Three pounds. B: T1-rarrk.vou. A: \\rould you like one of tl-rese smirll
plants? Thev're lovely at tl-ris time
\-cal:.

& z.qt
3
\Vell, v.elcome to Bran Castle, one of the
rnost fimous castles in Romania. The c.r\l le s as occupred lrr the gor clnmcnt in cornrnunist times, but rvas renrmed to its ourrers in 2006.

of

&z"tt
3
Sara, Italr.

The most irnpoltant useful tcchnological rdrarrce i5. \\c (urrld sar rtorr is rr conrl)uter.

It!

very inlportant. I thir-rk that nobodv could really live or u'ork rvithor.rt a computer.

B: Oh. A11 rigll-rt. Hou-rnuch is it? A: C)nJv 75p. B: I'll take it. Here voLr ar:e. A: Here's your change B: Goodbye noui A: Bve.
.

Of course, as many of ,vou know, the castle is lanown as Dracula's castle. People believe that \'1ad Tepes - thc original Dracula
lived here. This isn't exactl), true, hower.er, but he z'a.r kept as a prisoner here for some time. The castle is now a famous tourist attraction, and it is visited every vear by thousar.rds of people.

@z.ts
4
.A,ntonis, Greece

&z.st
aeroplancs,,vcal.r.

I tl-rinL the plane. The

& z.zo
5
N"laxim, Russia

I think that most important technologicel

for rne it is SMS seruices, of course so rnobrle phone, but cspecially SnIS sen'ices.
:rclvance

&z.zt
6
Starla, Englend For rne the most technological atlvancc I'd say is the intemet bec';tr.rse it's convenient ancl quicl and saves vou a lot of tirne.

3 A: iPueclo avudartc? B: Sorry-, I don't speak Spanish. A: Can I help vou? B: No, I'rn just looking, d-ranks. A: OK. B: Sorry yes. Horv rnuch is tl-ris book? A: -Iivo euros. B: Only tu.o euros. That's cheap. A: Yes. I put the price at ten cur:os. Nobody
\r.ants to

& z.qt
I A:
B: A: B: A: B: A: B:
\,\'rell, now is reallv the time to r,'isit the

LTnited States. Rcally? Oh ye.r. The dollal is not very strolrg, sc) thing;s are really cheap. (Jl-r. I wanted to g;o to France. But, cheap is goocl. Listen, if you travel this rnondr you'll get an extra tw-entv per cent discour-rt. This month isn't possible.

buf it. At live euros. Nobody srants to buv it. So I n:rde it cl-reap. Tivo
euros. Do you want to buv it?

@z.tt
7 \['illiam.
\\re11, Gl-rrrna

is the most important, especially u.hen r.ou are lookinpi

I think the intcrnet

for information.

B: A: B: A: B:
Unit 8

Oh.

Next month? \-es. I have a u.eek's holiday next rnonth.

Are there any specials then?

\\trat's u.rong?
T'm the author.

The author?
Ycs.

A: I'll ask if you like. B: Yes, please.

T'11

I rvrote it.

take it. For tv'o euros.

&2.+t
2 A:
And here is the rnain squarc and the tower. The tower is nore than five hundred yeers old, and is the tallest building in the ciry The r-rew from the top of the to$'er is tr-uJv amazirrg. Todr1., u'ith this beautiful sr.rnshine, if you go up rhe tower. rou won't regret it. Excuse me, does it cost anwhing to go up the tower? I'm afraid so. It costs eight euros.

UnitT

&z.zs

&z.qt
1
The Torver of London was originallr' built in 1078. It u'as used as a horne for the king;s and queens of England for alrnost six
hundred years, but also serued
as a

'I'he concept of time in the English language, ancl in v'estcrn culture in general, is very much linked to monel'. Tirnc c:.rn be seen as a fbrm of currencv-. You can spend tirne and rllone),-, of save
sorneunc l irrrc vour time, just like you can give then uronel'. \\ie l-rave free timc, cxtrx time, sp:rre time :rncl or.ertimc. \.Vc can convert time into money, and monev into tirne. Time, rnoney and lvork are

prison.

it.

ciin br' \\rst(J. \ou , att gir.

fil-o of thc most famous

prisoners in the Tolver u,ere the -'rcung princes Edv.ard ai-rd Richard. In 1481, Richarcl thc Third, their

B: A:

uncle ancl king of England, pllt thcm in thc

torver.'1-he1. lvere ne\.cl' seen again. The princes u.ere ten arrtl t].rirteen vears old. Tirda1., people say the torver is haunted by

&z.qe
3 A:
Tl-rese are the caq)ets. I thoughtyou r.l-ere goinE; to shorv rne the fbod plrt. .\nd have some lunch.

I A: I

intimatel,v conncctcd.

z.ss
Do I'ou speak Englisl-r? A little. Horv muclr is the shirt? 'l-his onei

theil

q-hosts.

B: A: B: -{: \o. The checkcd onc. B: Flur-rclred end lifqr

l; i:l':;:

@2.+z 2 A: Look, lookl B: (ll-r, I recoqnise

filrn.

B:
this place. It's from
a

Jhe fbod is on the other end of the market. Do not lvorry, rny fliend. \l'e'11 go there later if1.oa q.x11.,1:; your guide, though, T have to shorv _vou everything'. Look, isn't this amazing?
Yes, 1.s5.

A:

Ycs, it's the house frorn sorne scary nrovie.

A:

ATmm.

B:

Somc of these cerpets take more than two months to makc. Thcy are all rnade by hand.

have a
a

cottalie

itls not a cottape, it's nraybe

little house in the countn'sicle v'here l,e

A: I'n
B:

just hungry, tl-rat's all. Arc -vou sure! If vou buy one of these cxrpets no\r', I can g;ct a good price fbr: yotl.
Oh. \Arell ...
She sa-vs

cdn gr()u fnrit rrrJ t.getaL,i.r l,ul $e d,'lt t live in tl-rese cotteges, but u'l-rat I can s:r,v nore. N{avbe prices - if1ou buf ifvou sell vour flat in r\'loscorv - httJe flat - you can bu1'tl-rree houses in Great Britain.

8 You should eat g'rrlic. It rxrrks. I prr:rnriscl 9 Just teke trro tspirin :rncl stlr ir-r bed. l0 Cold nedicir.re. Thke cold meilicine 1I \bu shouldn't tlo anv exercise.\bu shouLl
.

.1ar in bcrl. Durt'l go,,ttr. 12 I don't think you should stal in bed. Be
active. Go out.

A: B:
A:

if you bu1'nvo she r'vill give vou

...?

&n.sa
3
\hleria, Bolir.ia

13 \\6at

r'-ou sl-rould do, u.hat

l'ou reaJlr- arr.gl'r

to clo, is

to rvash vrur hantls rcgrrllrir.

a &zg discount.

OK, tlteu. Horr nruch

I would

%t.st
1 A: B:
A: B:
A:

Hello, ()reenrva,v Holidays. I Ii, mv namet Pablo Alonso. I'm calling

:ibout thc English learnirrg holiday-.

say homes in Bolivia are nruch more coloured. Here, abor.e all in Orford, all t1-re l-romes looks r.crt'sirnilar I rvoulcl sav but in Bolivia you crll 6ncl r recl house .iust bcsides a l'ellorv housc lnd it is tt prettv nicc corrhination of colours.

14 \bu should st:t-1' cln'. I)on't v,ash rour hlir or go out in thc rain.

You need to speak to Mrs I{r-right. You through.

I'll put

W
4

z.ss
Katie, Northern Ireland

A: Harn', is that t.ou) B: Yes, t'es... T'm home. A: \ltll, u'hat djd thc doctor say? B: Er. Nothing much. Shc saicl I r.r.as hcalthr-.
No scrious problerns.

Wz.to

Tl-rankyou. Just a mornent, please.

Wz.st 2 B: IIello?
A: I'm sorry but
wrnt to hold?
thc line'.s busy. Do
1.611

W'here I lir-e in Belf'ast horncs are .. . tley're quitc varied. ln inner citv Bel{ast you hat'e ver 1.' srnall recl brick terraced hor.rses. Tvo up ts.o down houses and thcy're I think tl-rev date frorn tl-re 1il00s - thev sort of typifl u,henevcr you think of the citv you tlrink of

A:
B: A: B: A: B:

Oh, th':rtt v'ondcrful. Did she s':r)'an\-thins about a cliet? A v'hat? A cliet. C)h, oh yes. She saicl, sl.re said... T cor.rld eat
satne recJ meat. Just once a u'cek. Tbat'.s gooc1. You do eat a lot of rreat. \\rl-rat :rbout salt and sugar? Sl-rouldn't 1-ou cut dorvn on those?

red brick telraced houses.

B:

OK, I'll hold.

%t.st

&
5

z.to
Bea, England

3 A: Hello? B: Hellr, is drat Mrs lGright? A: No, I'm afraid she isn't here. B: Can't I'ou give tne infcrrm:ltion
English learning holidal'?

about dre

A: I'm sorry; I can't. Can I take a messagc? B: No, that's a11 right. I'll call back.

t.st
speak

Homcs where I livc are cprite larg;e. In my street in particdar the houses have four -lhe.v are usuallt'sharecl or five bedroorns. beru'een lots ofdifferent house nates. I personall,v lir-e u.ith tu,o people I dicln't knou. befcrre and nou. one of then is a len' good friend. Tbc houses have kitchens and separate lir.ing rooms and dining rooms and the best thrng about mv house is that it has a
large galden.

A: B: A:
B:

LIm. No, no she didn't say ant'thing about salt or suglar'. Oh.'I'hat'.s strange. \\''hat about coflee? Eq coffee, yes, colTec. \'cru clrink fivc cups of coffic a da1'. Isn't that too much? Oh vcs. She tolcl nc drat I coulcl onlr.' drink

... twrr cups

a dalr

4 A: Hello, Greenv-a.v Holidays. B: Hello, this is Pablo Alonso agair"r. C:rn I

A: I'll
C:
Knight? put,vou through.
N,{rs

A: OK. And can vou go back to u,ork? B: Ycs. I stal't tonorrosi.

Unit 9

to

&z.tt
The common cold can bc causecl by more than
200 different vimses.

&z.tz
A:
B:
Yes,

Hcllo, cen I helpi

B:
C: C:

Sar-rdla I{night speaking. Sorry to keep vou u.aiting. Oh, hello. Iilv namel Pablo Alonso. I'm calling about the English learning l-roliday \lrhat v'ould vou like to know?

erm, need somethingi

lbr

a s.rre thr:oat.

It reallr' hurts.

B: \Vcll,I've

looked on vour r'vebsite erd have a f'ev.questions about the cost. Right, of course, Mr Alonso. C)ut prices, I thirrk rou'll finJ. rre \erv (umpelili\(
I

An adult gets betueen nr'-o and livc colds a vcar, rvhile fol cl-rildlcn or babics the nurnber is higl-rer; betu'ecn 6 and 10 colds a year. From the molnent lrou g;et a coJd to the lnoment you feel the svmptoms is betu'cen 2tl and'18 hours.
Tl-re total tine in your life that vou cold is two to three yerrs.

A: A: B:
A:

\Vell, u'e have this s1'rup or these tablcts.

is better?

R: \\lric:h

Tlrcr'r'c I'orh F,,,,,l.Thc srrttP i: ttt,'r.

e.\pensl\ic.

rvill hrve

Oh, well ... I'11 take mant'clo I t:rhe?

tl-re t:rblets

thcu. Ho*'

'a

W
1

z.so David, Cieorgia So homes ir-r Gcorgia are ver v- big - somc big ones ancl so u.e ha\.e ts'o kind of homes. There are block of fiats - therc are rnanv ofthem and u'e also have houses. Ilouscs usuzrlly are ir-r thc outsicle of thc country - in
the vi1lages.

'I'he common cold is not a deailll'diseasc, but it is crpensirc. Irr thc L \ ilult(. exp(rl\ e\lillliltc that rt costs the econornv 3.5 billion dollars in lort rinte rt rrork and .cltoul.

B:
A:

Just or-re ... Sornr T'm sorry And horv olten shoulcl I takc it? Just one every lbur to six hours. Take it before mealtinrcs. Are t'ou al1erg;ic to lrtl

&
1

neclicinc?

z"ts
You sl-rould eat hot chickcn sollP as soon as -vou feel ill. J utr drirrk u rrer. Lut. ui u aler. Drink orange juice and lots of vitanrin C.
A,

B: A:
B:

No. Then vou'll bc fine r'vith tl-ris.

Carr I ect \orlre 3;111[i61i1.1eo? T'm afraid you need a prescriptiolt fbr thrrt

&z.st
2
Eler-ra, Russia

2 3 4 I think you shoulcl eat foods rvith vitamin 5 6 7

A: B:

Oh.
You Lnou',,vou should that cougl-r continues.

A:

relllv

sec a doctor

ii

In ny country s'c have diffirent hornes like in lingland, because in Englar-rd rnany peoplc li\c in (rlttitges. rc:. t,ut in tnv c()tttllr\ u( h:rve verv big; houses. I{an1' fiats, but not so
big, but good, and mosth' Russian families

like carrots. Drir-rk hot n-ater uith lcmon atrcl honev in it. I thinl l-ou should drink u.ater lr'iti a spoonftrl of salt. Breathing hot steam u.orks. (lo fbr a sarrna.

R: Il<nowlknou'. A: Arythins elsei B: No tl'ranks. A: That'Ll be S'1.50 then, pierse.

Unit I0

A:

%
B:

Lrs
So, vonr brvtk

Bnnt r\i'zl

l7'orzl.r

is

:r11

:rbout

neu'u'ords
lppear'?

ir-r

l}-rglish. lTor'v do nerv rvorcls

C)ne of the nrost

collllnon u.:rvs of making

words rs sirlply to combine lurr vrircls u,hrch ahcrdt. erist. So fbr er:rrnple in the past l-c had texts, xnd u'e hacl rncssaees, norv u'itl-r rnobile phoncs u,e hlve ...

nel

Both qanrcs rrc plat'ed on a board, and c,rn be pleled bv nr.o or ilorc people. Both pJarles h:rr,e been extrcrnelv popular: lccording to its rnakers, rnore thrn 750 rnillion pcoplc hrvc plar-e d r\lonopoll', and tu'o hundrecl rnillion copres of Scrabblc lrc sold e\-en- verr. Both of thcm alc successftll r'r.orlds,icle. 'l'l-rer. ere published in over 25 l:rnsu:rgcs todal-, and are rr ailairl. in tttoLq tltttt R{l c,,ttttt t'ic:.

5 A: l\ras there anvtl-ring elsel B: No ... I dor.r't thinl so. A: A1l right. \bu crn pat. over B: 'll-ranlis. Bt'e. A: Bye.

tl'rere.

%
1

r.as
r\rthur, l'rance

IIr- fivoulite

A:
ts:

TLrt messases.
Tl-ratt right. A:rotl-rer comrnon u'av of 'a neu' l'ord is to combinc p:uts of uortls. Considcr brunch. Brunch is a meal thet pec4rle can have rt 1 1 o'clock in thc rnorning, a conrbi:ration of brealifrast lnd
Yes.

nral<ing

lr rn

ch.

A:
B:

So cornbinations

ire hou,nel uorrls lre

Lrc 1 A: Oh, hcllo, tl-rere vou are. B: IIello. A: Listen. I'n-r'.rfraicl thcre's some bad ne*'s. B: Ohl A: \'cs.'I'hc thing is, the cornp:rnv is closing. B: Reallv? \\tcni A: Tbmorrol'.'l'he lrhole tl-ring. It's been
so1cl.

erpression in l-.ng-lish is'Oh nrv qotl'l 'l'hetis itl Bec:ruse we l.reercl this erpression ver\/ ofien in movie, ir-r television antl I think itls a clich6 of the [,r-rglish people or A.merican people. Ol-r mv goc1.

%
2

Ls+
l)ieeo, Itah' Thcrc arc a lot of vcn- intct:cstirlg words in Finglish. Mv far.ouritc u.ord is fbr eranple
love.

rnrde.

There are otl-rer u,avs too..\bblevi:rtions, fbr examplc, arc i1 cofnrnon uav of mlkinpi ncu' u'olcls. Do vou know r'r.hat a digital versatile
clisc is?

B:
A:

Soldi
\'ep.

%z"ss
3
Kristin:r. Russi:r NI1'tarcurite r.r.circls in Englisl-r. I tl-rir.rk rvhen I clrne to England last verr g.cn4roclt' said, oh he looks gorgeous rncl itls goreeous, the

B: A:

So... so, rvh.rtls eoir-rg to l-rrppcr to

C\:Cnrolle-

A: irr A: B:

...
...?

B: A D\T)

Of course.
\-cs, thc abbr:o.i:rtion becomes the ncu. u'ord.,\nother u'al is to give a r,ord a neu, mcirning. \\rc har.c ncu, rncaninqs for all

R:

'l'here'll be an official ennouncenrcnt. Oh, liere'.s rrlr lloor. F)'..- T'nr sdll ...
An1'u,ar.

$erther is gorgcous ancl so it bccarre

favourite rvorcl.

rn1.

A:

Sorn'to rush off.'Iilk later,

[:inds of

r ords connected to cor]rputers firr

lr<.

B: A: Cooclbve.

oK? OK. Bve.

%t"a*
4
Flkrclic, Sl.rtzerland r\I1' f2"n.,.tr" uorcls in F)rgJish :rrc - I rcallv like the r,ord perl-r'.rps. I clon't knov. rvhv because of tl'Lc souncl, because of the pronunciation, I clon't hrol.. Pcrhirps. \lhat
else?

e\ilrlll)lc rllOr.r\e lrl'l \ il

A: C)r r.irrdol's. B: \-es. Finlllv, u,e cur Llorror, tords from otlrer lanquaqcs. An e xampJe of this ri.ouid be a tsunarni - a Japlnese u,ord u,l-ricl-r became r.cn' frcqucnt rn E,nglish rlter the nlturll rlisastel in \sia in 200-1. A: \A il I ,rl1 tlrcsc lcrr r'r or.ls ruutirnrc to cristi B: Nl:rybe not. Some u'ill colrtinue, othe rs uor-r't. But the u,ev ue create these neu' u util. ... cutttl,ittaliutt. rrl,l,rcr irrtiutt. gir ittL olcl worils ncu'mc:rnings or borrou'ing words ... neil tl-rese ale 9'oing to be u'ith us for a long tirre.

%t.ao

2 A: Phcv.. Isn't it hot? B: Hmrl. Sorn-? A: T said. :isn't it hoti B: \-es. \'es. \'en' l-rot. A: I can't lernerrbcl e srurlner
B:
Yes.

\4'ell

I don't lcroui

%
5
like this

t"sr
Semih,

Tirrkq.

.irttc ... :irrr't tlte nirtctcr'rr :(\(ntie\.

lt

is r.'err-

hot.

A: Ninrtcrn.r\erl\-\i\ il \\ir.. B: I don't re'.rllv renrcnrber, T nas quitc ... A:

B: A: B:
vornli thcn. I quess \1lu \r'ere. \4'clJ, it uas
that. .. Reallv. \'cs. I l.rrs in
so

For tnc, mlr f;vourite 1'ords in English are a\r'esome :rntl legerrclan'. I don't knrxv u.hlbccause u.hen I s'.n'ases.lre or lcgenclan'it rnlkes nre feel happr-. #*nao *.ia&r
l.OO

hot

Rca,

Ergland

OK

nt

favourite uorrls in Flnqlish are'1ou

% srr
ln
1929 m:rn1' people in thc Llnitctl Statcs suddenlv lost the ir jobs.'l'his \\'as the bcqinrlinq of u'hat Alrericans call thc Circ:rt Dcprcssion, lnd it lasted firr about four t,elrs. f-)ulir.rg the Circat Deprcssion, turc of the most fimous board sarnes in tl.re world u,ele inlentecl: \Ionopoly and Scrabblc. \\hilc thc gillles are r en different, the storr, behind elcl-r onc is

knol.' lole then ...

\\hen

bccause theljre verl useful ruorcls. t'ou are nr)t sure s'hrt to silv you can

use thcm to

Oh look. Herels nrr floor.

A: Ob. B: \\'ell, I heve to q'o. i\-ice to trlk to vou. A: \'cs, yes. B: Groodbr,'e.

g,,,,,1rr,rrrl. 1ugirt rurr tirn.r.ijrlt vou can tl-rink ahout, volr cen concentrate on

fill in a scntcnce and ther,'re

1,n

wl-rat you are thinking and mirvbc th difTerent itle:rs, vou Inorri

jnk of

#aooo *:# ,.o7

sinrilrr ...

%:.sr
I 2 3
knol., T l<lol'. Tt lirnnl'..\rl'u.ar- ... talk to t.ou torrorror.Oi(i \tp. ...and so that's wl-rat we'll do. Right. thatls it. \\re'll continue after the breali, OI(i A: \\'l-r'.rt time cloes the lllm stalt? B: Ninc o'clock. A: Nine o'clock. OI{, see vou then.
T
-a'rzs

\lfred Butts, the jnventol of Scr":rbble, end Chrrrles l)urrol., thc invcntor of r\Iciropolr',

Cur., Ensland One of m'" favoultc

lnrds in English

is

ere hoth r\merican. Neither invcntor had a job. hecl lost his job rs :rl :rrchitect in 1929, encl DuLLou u:rs nn unen-rplovetl silcs rcpresertrtile

Buts

in

19.1.1.

\r the bcginninE;, tJre inventors rrade evert' eclition oltl'reir garne bv hand. Neither gamc \\ irs icccllted bt to1' corrpirnies at first. 'l her s,rid tl-rrrt Ilor.ropolv u,as too complicatc(l1 rntl th'rt noboclr noLrld bc intcrcsted in
Scrabblc.

lrarnron,''. I think it'.s e nicc rvord, it's gor e nicc souncl to it. I Iihe the stmcnrrc of the u,,r,l. I rlrirrL the iderr rltirt it lelrn5r'nr\ ilrc r.ery positive, llhcthcr I'ou rre telLing about rlusic:ll hirrnron\', or rr:tistic harnonv, or l-rarnron."' u,Jren people r.orli toq-ethcr u.ell or unclcrstand each other u.ell. r\nd I think

B:

OI(, bve. \\'ell, I think th',rt's it. I'es, I'll scnd

Br-c.

probabll'therc! a sirnilar r,ord in rnanl'

tl-re enr:ril.

other languages, so itls a uorcl tlrat people understancl quitc casilr'.

lot of

\ilacn-riIlan Iiducatiolr Bcnveen Tou'ns Road, Orfrrrd OX'+ IPP A dir.ision of n4acrnillan Publishcrs Limited Companies and rcprescntatives throughout the worlcl

E,rnma Dorninguez (Acadelric Snrdies Managlcr:, The Anglo N'Iericer Iiouncla tion, Ilexico Cifi,', N,{ cri co) ; Kat'a rzyna Ro gtliiska-Ge j eu'ska (Archibald, \Ararsar', Poland); ,\'Ialgorzata WoZniah, Dorota Pachv'iccr'vicz-,

ISBN 978-0-210,03309-2
'-[bxt O Lir-rdsay Clandl]eld & Am:rnde Jeffries 2010

Design:rnd illustration O i\facrnillan Publishers Limited 2010 First published 2010 AII rigl-rts rescr-ved; no part of tl-ris publication uray bc reprocluced, stolccl in a retrieval systcm, tl"ansmitted:in anv fbrm, or bY any means, electrcrric, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or othem'ise, u'ithout thc prior written pernrission of the publishers.

Aenieszka Kilancx'sl<a (Centrutn J?zr'-kov'e 'Euroclub', Cdairsk, Poland); Fabiol'.r Georeiana Hosu (Littlc Lonclon School and Nursery- School, Dinritrie Cantemir Unir.crsifi', Bucharest, Ronania); Lvdia B. Korz.heva (Diplomatic Academl', X"Iosccxl Russia); Ludmila A. Pokrovskar.-a (Russiarr Acadcrn,v of Foreign 'l rade, nfoscol., Russil); Olga S. Petrischev:r (I,Ioscou. Sta te Universitt' of Intcrnati onal Relations, N'loscott,
Russia); Albina

\hlieva (The Tntcrnation:rl Languai;e School'Dcnis

School', -l{oscor', Russi':r); Kalen l)ver, Cathy Harris, Frank HodgLins (lnternational l{ousc, Madrid, Spain); Carlos'liueba (E.C).1 \lllave rde, ,\'Iadrid, Spain); Patricia Plaza Arrcgui (E.O.I. -\[alagr, Spain); i\"Iaria -. Esthcr Alvarez Rico (E.O.I. Sagunto, \ialencia, Spain); Burcr.r'lbzcan Unal (Bilgi Unir-crsin', Istanbul, Tirrkev); Dr. E Ilke Buvukduman (Ozvcgin University, Istrnbul, Turkel); Saralr Sharv (The British Council, Chiang

Mri, Thailand); Aomboon Burutphahdee

Original dcsign br- Barbara N'lercer ar"rd I{atie Stephens Page layout bv e,VIC Design Limited
Illustrated b1'Jonathan Burton, Peter Harper, Clelia Hert, Robin Lau'ric and eMC Desiqn Picnrre research bl' Salllt Cole, Persevcrance \4rorks Limited Cover desig;n by 13arbar:r X{elcer C)or-er photograph used b-v permission of the A"Iuseun of the History'of Scicnce, gnll'g15itv of C)rford/Keiko Ikcuchi
Auth or'.s acknorvlcdlicmcn ts

(Pa1'ap

gtti"..titr", Chiang Ilei,

'lhailand); thanks to: Nattinee K}tucansri, (Payap Lfniversitv-, Chiang- -N{ai, Thailend); Clauclir Edu'arcls (Lor-rdon Scl-rool of English, Lonclon, UK); SallvJor"res (Regent Oxford, Oxford, UK); Katherine Griggs (Communitv
Enelish School C)xfirrclsl-rrre Ailult Learning, Oxfbrd, UI{). A speciel thank you toJtckie lrlalsall, Sarah P:rtersott lnd all the staffand stuilents at Eckerslci.', C)xfcrrd and Rcgcnt, Oxford fcrr all tl-reir hclp u'itl-r Global voices.

First and fbremost, I rvould like to thank Rafael Alarcon-Claeta for his support and nurturing oftl'ris projcct from the vcrv bcginning. The tearn vorking on Global har-e all done an incrcdible job. |,ft. gratitude to NTick Sbeard, Stephanie Parker, StisVatland and Barbara Ilercel for constantlv risir-rg to the challer-rges this booL presented and coming ort on top cverv 5i1glg tirne. N{:rnv thanks rlso to Selina Hansen for hcr comnents ancl hclp on the rnanuscript. A lot of the inspiration lbr tl-ris book camc frorn the hundrecls of terchers I'vc had the chancc to rneet arour-rd the vorld. Tl-ris rvould not have been possible without the help of the tireless people at Xlacrnillan uficr organised rnv trips and gave me insipllrt into thc countries I u'as visiting.

The authors and publishers vould [ke to th:ink the fbllov'ins for pcrnission to reproduce thcir photograpJrs:
Cor.cr Credit: By permission of the Muserun of thc Historr of Science, University of Oxfbrd/T(ciko Ikeuchi.
rUarnr'/.Jol-rn,\rnold Images pp l 4(r),'18(tmr), Alamr',N.Boltl p99(tr), Alamr'/PDazclcv p85(b), Alemy/Mery Evans p8 1(t), Alemy/PGibbs p l2 1(t), ,\hnr1/S&R Greenhrll p I 24, Nanv/PHorree p3 0(bl), iUanrv/ Inr ascbroker pp2 a(d), -5 0(l), Alamv/Lnafiestlte pp82, I 2 2 (bl), Nanrr'/ isifi Lrraee Scn'ice s.r.o p100, t\lamry'Lortlprice Collectior-r p21(br), Alamv/hin NIas p11, Alamy/.J.tr"Iarshall/'Iiibaleve Images p9'l(b), Narnr-/

This book is dedicatecl to mv cl-rildlen Lucas ancl N'Iarcos, whose curiosifi about lif-e and er-cq-thing has been very motivating to nle :ls an tutbor. 'l'he euthor and publisl-rers v.ould like to thank ell the teachers :rnd
consultants rvho have pilotecl ar-rd rcviervecl the matcrial. Particular thanks go to the fbllou.irtei people: Antlrea C6rdova, Susanl Flores (Alg1o Multimeclia School of Englisli, Haedo, Bucnos Aires, Argentina); ,\4a. Cristina Ntaggi, trIa. Cristina Bucro cle Chintor (Friends' School of English, Aclrogu6, Buenos Ailes, Argcntina); r\'Iitta Zarnpini, Aldana l\ncholena, Elizabeth Rainierr, X'Ia. Soledad D. X'lar-rgiarotti, Parnela Sabrine Pecorelli (IECI, I Iacdo, Buenos Aires, Algentirra); Alejandlo Jorge Listrari (Cultural Inglcsa de Palcrrltt, Ciudad Aut6noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina); Lilian Itz.icovitch Lcventhal (Poter-rtial/ Colegio I.L.Peretz, Sio Paulo, Brazil); Ana,\'Iaria r\Iiranda ((iultula Inglesa Ribeirio Preto, Ribeirio Prcto, Brrzil); X{aga1i de N'lorres Menti (F'\CC{I' Escola Ntunicipal Lauro Roclrigues, Pol:to Alegrc, Br:rzil); Simone Samrcnto (PLTCRS, Porto Alegre, Blazil); Laula Lcc Lel-rto (Culrura Inglcsa, Fortaleza, Braz.il); \iviane Clristine Silva Grossklauss, A,nelice Sanclovetti (Culrura Inglesa Jundiai, Jundiai, Brazil); Cclia Aguiar clc Alnreida Costa (Cultura hrglesa tleJuiz de Fora, Brazil); Corina Celia Machatlo Cotrea (Associag:io Alunrni - SIo Paulo, l3rezrl);.Janc Clodu'in (-t'he Four, Sio Carlos, Brazil); Clarolinc Tbubia (The Holr, Fanill' School,
Jesuite , Egpt);

Aranv Shawkev, Heidi C)rnare (Macrlillan Publishers Ltd, Egl'pt) Caroline Fr'.rnz , l)ana Jelinkov:r (-Nf\iF{S Muer-rchncr \rolkshochschule, i\ilu-rich, Celrnanl); Irene Roclrig"rez, Havdee Clutierrez Palafox, Irntonio r\{orales de l'.r Barrera,.[avier Ramos de Hovos (Tl-re Anglo trlcxictn Founclation, Ilexico Ciq', Mcrico); \1ivilnlr (laruso de Curtius (freelalce :luthor and consultalt, i\'Iexico Ciw, Ilexico);

N:rgelstocli p96(bm), Alamv,North \\rind Picturc Archive p'I5,,\Iatnr'/C Pearsrll p98Qrr), AlanVC.Pefl ey p2 1 (tr), Alanrv/C.Richaldson p2'1(e), Aiamy/\-ario Inages GrnbH & Co K.G pp26(m1), 37(l), Nrrnl'/N.\'erekcr p50(n'rl), Alemr'/CckN{ \d'erner p79(rnr), r\larrv{.\A/est p62(r), A1emry'H. \\restheim Photographv p106(t); Banrnastock pp1 7(b), 59(tl), ,59(trn), 59(bm), 137; Brand X pp1 03(7), 1 10(1t), I I3, 1'13; Constock p I 1O(bm); Corbis/K.Cl.Amrstrons p+6(br'), Corbis/Atlantidc Pl-rototravel p96(nl), Corbis/C.Barrie/Reuters p'18(t), Corbis/BBC p56, Corbis{.Becden p95(rr), Corbis/ llettmenn Archir.e pp6(br'),23(bl)' l8(rn1),'+60n), 1't5' Colbis/'lBognar p1'+7(b1), ClorbisA\iBossen/Stock tl-ris \Vav p73, Corbis/ Bursein (lollection p30(br), Corbis/FlCevallos p91(b), Corbis{'Coohe p72, Corbis/R.Eshcl p106(brnr), Corbis/Envision p126(b), Corbis/R.Iraris p7a(ml), Colbis/R.Clalbraith p84(b), Corbis/G'HalI p71(b), Corbis/P. llardy p131, Colbis/D.Houser p86(br), Corbis/Hulto:r Deutsch ppi 1(b), 8 1 (bt, 9 1 (t), Corbis{ agrileesh/Reuters p5 5 (1), Cor:bis/L.Lef-kori'itz p96(br), Clorbis/T.Levir.re/Zcfrr pt33(t), Corbrs/P.l,issec/Godong- p8'+(t), Clorbis/l'.McGuire p67(t), Corbis/n,I.Nicl.rolson p23(br), Clolbis/S.Oskar/ Zefar p86(tl), Clorbis/A.Pcisi/Ze[a pt'{(ni1, Corbis/C)'[]rien Procluctions pi,+(rnl), Corbis/L.Psihovos p6B(m), Corbis/A.Reclprth p122(tr), Corbis/\T.Saror.rJ' p33(b), Corbis/D.Scott p2'l(1), Corbis{.Sohrn,\risions of Amcrica p3 1(t), Corbis/P.Souclers pp30(tl), '18(b), Corbis/Stock l)hotos p20; Corbis RF pp16,2'1(c), 10.1(9), 106(tm), 106(bD, 106(hrnl), 106(lm), 1'19, 151(t); Digital Stock p92(t1); Digital \rision p1I2; Fotolibrrr/D. Breed p3 (h), Fotolibr:r/G.Hcadley p9'l(m), Fotoli bra/EKal p 1 3 5 (rn), Fotolibre{.Rich p120(t); Clualdian Neu's & Medie Ltd 2006/CJt.rhnston p55(r); Cietn- L-nages/AFP p96(t), Ciettv/Aurtrra p10(l), Gettr'y'C:rr Culnrre p1 19(t), Gctty-/DK Imrges p28, Cettv lnases Entertainrnent p'17(1), Gctn /Ga o Ina ges pp42 (tl), 99(tm), Gctw/T.(lipstein p7 B(t), (ictn'/ Flola Trnages p6(tr), Getq./Hulton Archive pp18,9-l(l), 10UG), l l8kl),
-5 I I

Gettl,,N.Enrncrson pB6(bJ), Getoy'Iconica pp6(m), 2 6(r), 1 08(b), 1 2 2 G1), (ietty/r\4.Lrnnen p128(t), Gettr,'/S.XlcAllister p5[3, Getty Images Neu,s p 1 3, Getq-/Photo gra ph ers Choice pp 5 0(nrr), 60(1), 7 8 (b), G cty/Photonica pp7, 12,3aO, .{8(tnl), Getty/Report':rge p50(r'), Getty/Retrofile/FPG
p35(b), Gctty/\A,lSmitl.r p21(tl), Gcttry'Stone pp6(tl), 34(l), 6il(b), 71(t), 81(bl), 88, 102, Gettl'/Taxi pp6(bl), s9(ml), 7a(1), 71(r),79(\),86(tr), 121(b), Cletn'/The hnage Ba:rk ppZ2(b), l6G), 70, 98(rnl), 109, 122(br), Cicts'/ l'irne & Lili Pictures p106(trnl); Lnagc Sourcc pp17(t),25, 52,64, 83(rnr), 85G), 98(r), 1 03 (3), 1 03(8), 1 3 5(b), 1 5 1 (b); Joshua'Ilee Photoglaphy pp 9, I 0G), 19(rortraits), 42(b,r), 43, 4'+, 60(b), i33(t1); Kobal Collection/ Ar glo Enterprise/\'inc1'arcl p'I7(r); Lonelv Planet hnages/R.IiAnsor.r p90(t), Lonelv Plan etlC.Policl-r p'I8(bmr); X{acmill an Publishers LtdlP Briclnell p103(6); NIar1' Evans pp23Qrl), I18(b), 118(lt, I,fervEvans/

Noted

p 1 1 4(t), tr{acmillan Reacler, Iirankenstein Corbis/llettmann p69(b). Cornrnissioned photographv bvJoshua Tiee Photography pp 27, 5 1, 7.5, 99 (portraits),123; Rogcr Scruton p1 15 (portrait)

Lnagno p2 3 (tr); A,Iasterfile,N.Hcndricksen p62(l), Masterfile{erz1'tvorks p62(mr), ,\'Iasterfile/X{.Roman p62(rnl), I1[oodboard p106(br); I{otorine Picture Librarypp 118(a), 11U(g), 118(1), 119(b); Nanrrepl/A.Sands p92(m1), Nanrrepl{.Freur.rd p95(b); Panos Pjctures/G.Akash p59(r), Panos Picrures,/T.Der-l'en p 1 20(l), Panos/Ci .Pirozzi p22 (l); Reproduced 11' permission of Penguin Books Ltd cover of The Beech by Alex Garland (First published bv \tLing 1996, Penguin Books 1997) copvright O Alex Garland, l()()6,p95; cover of Hilih F'ideliw by Nick Hornbv (Pengtin Bools Ltd, 2000) copyright O NicL Hornby, 2000, p37; Photoalto pp 59(n), I 03(4), 103(5); Pl.rotodisc pp83(rn), 92(trn), 92(trnl), 92(br), 92(tr), 92(tmr), 92(bm), 92(bl); Photolibrary Ciroup/age fbtostock pp48-49(b), 8a(rn), 92 (bl), I 05 (l), 47(r), Photolibrary/Arcangel hneges pp3 5(0,
1

1.17(tl),
p2 5,

Photolibran'/Xl.Bail

p3

(t), Photolibrary'IFA-Bilderteam

Pl-rotolibrarv/Producticrrs Burke/Ti-iolo p24(b), Photolibrary/ I)igitel Vision p9B(1), Photolibrary/F-1 Online p1 07(l), Photolibrarl'/ Flirt Collcction p60(t), Photolibrary/B.Foubert p2 1 (m), Photolibrarrr/ Fresh Food Lnages pp 1 03 (2), 1 2 8(b), Pl.rotolibrarry'D.I Iurst p3 5 (b), Photolibrary/In'ragestate p-57, Photolibraa.{TB photo pp19(m), p34(tm), 3 5(e), Photolibrary'/G.I(i rk p I 9(t), Photolibrary/R.Llervelll.n Photolibrarr'/f'.de Ling/Time Out p26(mr), Photolibrary,Nonstock .]upiter Imag^es p83 (b), PhotolibrarVC)xford Scientifi c pp99(tl), 105(m), Photolibraryy'Photocuisine p 103 (1), Photoliblary/Phototake Science pp127,72(), Photolibrarv/A & G Reporter pa8ftml), Photolibraryy'H. Rice p24(a), Photolibrary/B.Rober:t p32(m), Photolibraryy'SG-\'I p3 5(c); Photoshot p26(l), Photoshot/bilderlrunge p135G), Photosho{.Blackler p6 1, Photosl-rot/P. Seheult p3 (d), Photoshot/Tetra Images p3 2 (t), Pl.rotshot/\drpN p14(mr), Photoshot/\Vorld Pictures p96(bl); Plainpicture/ Briljans p59(br), Plainpicorc{ohncr p93(tr'), Plair.rpicture/G.Ler.rz p5.1, Plainpicture/C).Boe p 1.1(l); Press Association/AP Photo/K.Kasa'hara p106(mbJ); Prestw'ick House Litemrv Touchstone Cllssics: The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscer \\tlde, Cover Desigln by Larry Knox, copyrieht O 2005 b_v Prcstu.ick House, Inc. rer.ised 2007. Reprinted by perrnission. A1l rights resen'ed.p33(tr); Rex Features pp120(rn), 126(t), Rex/X{.L.Altonelli p,10, ReVM.Bjorlcnan p3 5(g), Rcx/C.S.U Archivc/Flvcrctt ppa6(t), 69(t), Rex./Everett Collection pp3 6(bl), I 80), 90(bl), Rex/S.N'l eddle p3 5(a), Rex/X'Iirarnax/Everett p3 B(mr), Rex/Par:rmount/Everett p49(t), Rex,4. Pepler p 1 2 I (rn), Rcx/Sonv Pictures/Everett p3 8(r); Robert I larding/ f)ccidor p90(br); Rubberball p83(lb); SallvMais Photographv p-36(br); Science Photo Libr:aw p116, Science Photo Librarv4.Daugherty p105(t), Science Photo Library/Gusto Images p110(t), Science Photo Librarlr/G. Kidd p110(br), Science Photo Library'/tr{.Kul1'k p2.l(1), Science Photo Librarr,-/P.Psaila p68(t); The '\rt Archivc/A.'lus6c du Lour.re Paris/Gianni Dagli Orti p93(tl), Arti\rchive/Mus6e cl'Orsay Paris/Alfreclo Daeli Orti p3 1(trn), The Art Archir-c/Egyptian Museum Cairo/Gianni Dagli Orti
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'I'he author and publishers are grateful for pennission to reprint the follorvir-rg copvligl-rt rnaterial: Extract from 'Six Degrees of Seperation' b1'John Guare, copyright @John Guarc 1999, reprinted by permission of trIethuen Drama, an imprint of A&C Black Publishers Ltd. Extract fron 'The Beacl-r' bv Alex Garland, copright O Alcx Garland 1997, leprir"rted b1. pennission of Riverhead l3ooks, an imprint of Peneuin Group (USA) Inc. for website and printed \Vorld rights, excludir"rg EEC & UI{ territories. Audio and printed rights for territories EEC & UK acquired from Andrelv Nurrberg Agcnq.. Adaptccl rnatcrial frorn ''l'he Book Of Lists' by A.ny \drallace and David Wallecl-rinsk1,, copvright O Amv \lrallace and David \4'allechinslq', first published in Great Britain br Canongatc Books Ltd., 1.1 IIigh Street, Edinburgh, EHI 1TE, reprintcd by permission of the publisl-rer. Poem - 'Routine' by Stuart Doggctt, reprinted bv pennission ofdre author. F,xtracted rnaterial from'Iixplorine Confort Food Preferences Across Age and Gender' copr..right O Elsevicr Sciencc 2003, reprinted by pernission of the publisl-rer. Extract from "I'his nuch I knorv: Rajeshu'ari Singh: Call-centre operator, 20, Dclhi' bl A.rnelia Gentlernan, copyright @ Arnelia Gentleman 2006, first published inTl-re Guardian 26.11.06, reprinted bvpermission of the publisher. Extract frorn 'Six Degrees of Separation' byJohn Guare, copyright O John Guare 1990, replinted bv pennission oflnternational Creative -i\{anaeerncnt, lic. USA. Extract fron retolcl r.ersion of 'Frankenstein'bl Nlargaret Tirrner for Macmillan Readers, copr.'right O r\,largaret Tirner 2005, reprinted by pernission of the publisher. Extract frorn retold version of 'The Picturc of Dorian Gra/ by F,H.Comish for A,Iacrnillan Re:rders, copyright O F-.H.Cornish 2005, reprinted bv pernission of the publisl-rer. Material lrom'Brave New \\/ords' by Kerry N1axrvell, copl,.right @ Kerrv Maxu'ell 2007, reprinted by perrnission of the audror. Adaptecl material frorn'Tiade Secrets: Food & Drink' byAlex:rndra Fraser, copvright @ Alexandra Fraser 1999, reprintcd by pemission of (lrion Non-fiction, an imprint of C)rion Publishing Gloup, Londor"r. Extract from'Hig-h Fidelity' by NicL Hornby,', copyright @ Nrck Hornby 199,t, reprintccl bv pennission of Penglin Group UK. Material from article 'The \tr/crrstJobs in Science 2007' byJason Daley. Screenplay Exccrpt from'Bram Stoker's l)racula'copl,right @ 1992 Colurnbia Picturcs Inclustries, Inc. All Rights Reserved, courtesy of Columbia Pictures. Material from article' Concerned Citizens' published in Education Citizcnship and SocialJustice byAssociate Professor Cathie Holden at Llniversity ofExeter, copt'right O Cathie Holden 2006, reprinted by permission of the author. Fitter Heppier \Vcrrcls and n4usic by Thornas Edward Yorke, Jonathan Richard, Gu1. Gr""nwood and Dan Rickrvood. l\'/arner/Ch:rppell Music Lirnited (PRS). All Rights Rcserwed. \A,te are very grateftil to Andy Price for generously allou.ing us to interoierl' lrirn rrrJ include extractr ofhis nruric. Thesc nratcrials may contain links for third party wcbsitcs. \Vc har.e no control over, and are not respor.rsible for, the conter.rts ofsuch third partv websites. Please use care when accessing thcm. Although u.e have triecl to trace and contact copyright holders betbrc publicatior, in some c:rses this has not been possible. If contacted v'e u'ill be pleased to rectifi'any errors or omissions at the earliest oppornrniq-.

pl2(b), Thc,{tt Archir.c/X4usco dcJ 1tmplo Mavor Mexico/Gianni Dagli Orti p3 0(bm), T'hc Art Archive/National Gal l en' Lor-rdon/Eileen Tweedy p3 1(brn); Dr L.,J. Reed, The Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psvchiatry London p67(b); Topfoto/The Granger Collection pp 1 1 8(e), 1 1 8 (c), Topfoto/R.\'oillet p I 07(r); \4,-ellcome Libre4' London p 1 0,1; rult'.csglins.corn, madc inJapan b.v Scishin Togei Inc,distributed by

Printed in Thailand

2414 2A13 2012

2011
5

1110 I B 7 6

ISBN

978-0-230-03309-2

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