ILS WORLDWIDE SURVEY

1998, 1999, 2000

GENERAL DATA
55 responses (about 12%) Responses covered about 8% of the world population In total 47.260 human cases reported in the period 1998-2000 (i.e. total 200.000 cases annually). male 62%, female 38% Relation between incidence and temperature No relation between incidence and mean annual rainfall (in contrast to seasonal rainfall)

LOWEST INCIDENCE 2000

Country Japan Chile UK Italy Albania Panama Netherlands Region Incidence (per 100.000) 0.003 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.17 0.21 0.23 Mortality (%) 0 9.1 3.7 0 16.7 0

Engl&Wales

HIGHEST INCIDENCE 2000

Country India Thailand India France India USA Brazil Uruguay Indonesia Region Andaman Chennai Ile de la Reunion Kerala Hawaii Sao Paulo Semarang Incidence Per 100.000 50.0 23.1 10.5 6.0 5.6 4.0 1.9 1.6 1.2 Mortality (%) 21.0 2.5 10.1 0 12.3 100 16.7

HIGHEST MORTALITY 2000

Country Uruguay India Indonesia Panama Brazil India Chile Region Incidence Per 100.000 1.6 50.0 1.2 0.2 1.9 5.6 0.07 Mortality (%) 100 21.0 16.7 16.7 12.3 10.1 9.1

Andaman Semarang Sao Paulo Kerala

OUTBREAKS (1)
1998, 1999, 2000

Country/Reg Thailand India/Chennai Mexico India/Kerala India/Andem Uruguay Panama

1998 2230 353 269 160 126 21 1

1999 6080 344 264 206 149 24 0

2000 14.285 624 789 278 157 51 6

Outbreaks indicated for each year. Number of cases in bold indicate markedly increased numbers

OUTBREAKS (2)
1998, 1999, 2000

Country/Reg China/hubei USA/Hawaii France/I.Reun Australia France (cont.) Japan

1998 1261 65 52 168 684 0

1999 259 39 25 273 759 21

2000 253 48 42 207 534 3

Outbreaks indicated for one or two years. In bold, number of cases for the year that an outbreak was indicated

TESTS USED
MAT 14.5% IgM ELISA 49.1% Isolation 34.5% PCR 67.5% Slide agglutination test 74.5% IHA 90.9% Others 70.9%

MOST IMPORTANT SEROGROUPS AND HOSTS

Ictero 49.1% Pomona 10.9% Sejroe 10.9% Australis 7.3% Autumnalis 5.5% Grippotyph. 5.5% Canicola 3.6% Celledoni 1.8% Rats 32.7% Cattle 16.3% Rodents 12.7% Dogs 9.1% Pigs 9.1% Mice 5.5% Horses 3.6% Racco/bandic 1.8%

DISTRIBUTION OF CASES ACCORDING TO PROFESSION

ers oth lo mp une ir ret hou d me vet nm out m out r li ta mi er mb plu d atin me F fi sh ock est li v i agr F sew ed

2500

2000

1500

1000

500