Stiffness Attracts Moments

Piazza dItalia, Architect Charles Moore

Analysis of Statically Indeterminate Structures

Statically indeterminate

At inflection points moments are zero

T C C T T C inflection points

Statically determinate

NOTE: simple supported S.D. beam also have zero moments at the supports

C T

Procedure for approximate analysis of S.I. structures l Note the inflection points

l2

l1

l2

Break the S.I. structure into at the inflection points (e.g. three S.D. parts)

wl12 / 8

Rl2 + wl2/2

Find the moment diagrams of the individual parts

wl2 / 8

and put it all back together

Example 1: Statically Indeterminate Beam

S.I. beam

M1 Moment diagram M2 M2

Support settlement will alter the moment diagram M1 M2 M2 M1 decreases and M2 increases

Add an additional support

M1 M2 M2

M1 M2

The moment diagram will change

Statically indeterminate structures

Disadvantages More expensive There is a foundation issue (settlement) These structures are sensitive to temperature change More difficult to calculate (use computer)

Shaping structures - gravity loads

In this structure, there are 4 inflection points

5 structures x 3 equations per structure = 15 equations Unknowns 13 < 15; this is an unstable structure.

Shaping structures

In order to shape the structure look at the moment diagram.

Notice that the moment is equal to zero at the inflection points.

Shaping structure

San Francisco International Airport (2000)

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Del Campo & Maru and Michael Willis Assoc .

Critical Moments
Example 1:

min

max

Critical Moments -Min

Example 2:

Critical Moments -Max

Example 3:

Example 2: How does this work for a lateral load?

P 3P 4 3I I deformation For the leading column, you will need 3 X the force than that for the other column in order to get the same deflection 1P 4

a S.I. frame structure

moment diagram 3 Ph 4 1 Ph 4 What we can do to make this frame statically determinate?