1

1PE

1 102

. sr ego R .for P ai cntoP e d acinrt el E

etsixe ,ossid mlA .evahc ad oudnoc me osnet ed adeuq alep levsnopser a aicntsiser atsE .oudnoc ed aicntsiser ed adamahc ,aicntsiser aneuqep amu atneserpa sam ,otruc mu on laer evahc a ,adahcef odnauQ .arutpur ed osnet ed adamahc ale etnemlareg serotudnocimes so araP .oalosi a es-epmor lauq od ritrap a ,osnet ed rolav otrec mu ta sanepa aicntsiser atla amu atneserpa ale ,ossid mlA .aguf ed etnerroc ed adanimoned etnerroc aneuqep amu ed megas -sap a ritimrep odnedop ,atreba odnauq atinifni aicntsiser amu atneserpa on ale ,etnemariemirP .otnematropmoc etsed etnatsab rirefid edop laer evahc A .etnemaenatnatsni ahcef uo erba ale , otsi ,olun odatse ed radum arap avel laedi evahc amu euq opmet O .ale rop essap euq etnerroc reuqlauq arap acitsretcarac asse mtnam alE .ale erbos osnet h on ,otnatrop ,e alun aicntsiser aus adahcef odnauQ .acitsretcarac asse mtnam ale ,adacilpa osnet reuqlauq araP .etnerroc ed megassap a odnitimrep on ,atinifni aicntsiser aus atreba odnauQ .adahcef e atreba :sodatse siod atneserpa laedi evahc amU

laer evahc a e laedi evahc A

.aicntop ed axiaf ad e oacilpa ad odned -neped %99 e %58 ertne aicnicife matneserpa ,artuo arap amrof amu ed acirtle aigrene a ramrofsnart arap sodazilitu socittse serosrevnoc sO .rolac me adamrofsnart etnemlar -eg ias euq a e ametsis on artne euq aigrene a ertne anerefid A .otnemas -secorp essen setnatropmi siam sacitsretcarac sad amu aicnicife A .oarepo ed raenil odom uo soiridemretni sodom me marepo on sevahc satsE .agilsed uo agil ,ajes uo ,evahc omoc oarepo acifingis otnemaevahc ed odoM .sotnemid -ner seroiam e osrevnoc ed sossecorp son sadrep seronem moc ,sagrac e set -nof ertne setnerroc e sesnet ed adno ed samrof ed aigrene ed oxulf od el -ortnoc o razilaer odnasiv otnemaevahc ed emiger me sodarepo serotudnoc -imes sovitisopsid ed oazilitu an es-aiesab aigrene ad osrevnoc A .sievssop semulov e sosep seronem ed serosrevnoc moc ,ed -adilauq e aicnicife atla retbo ed ovitejbo moc acirtle aigrene ed otnem -assecorp od atart euq acinrtele ad aer a aicntoP ed acinrtelE
aicnto P ed acinrte lE oudor tn I

1PE

1 1 02

. sre goR .forP aicntoP ed a ci nrtelE

sacittse sacitsretcaraC

sedadilaedi on e odoid od oauqE

aicntoP ed odoiD
.otnemaevahc ed opmet ed odamahc odatse ed radum arap avel evahc a euq opmet O .sodnugesilim a sodnugesonan ed raromed odnedop ,aentnatsni on laer evahc amu ed odatse ed anadum a ,etnemlaniF .es-ac -ifinad ale lauq ad ritrap a ,evahc alep rassap edop euq etnerroc amixm amu

1PE

1 10 2

.sre goR .forP aicnt oP ed a ci nrtelE

aicntop ed odoid od raenil oledoM

1 olpmexE
. )noiger nwodkaerB( sasrever setnerroc sednarg zudnoc

1PE

1 1 02

. sre goR .forP aicntoP ed a ci nrtelE

. etnerroc ad zacife rolav = feI ; etnerroc ad oidm rolav = demI : ednO

. .

oudnoc me sadreP
)otnem alu spa cne o a e s-e re fe r( RKS u o NKS

rod apissi d on o doid od otrep a ed omi xm eu qro T rod apissi d-alus pc a cim r t ai cnt siseR ;alus p c- on uj a cim r t ai cnt siseR ;a sre ve r oci p e d et ne rr oC ;a srever o a re pucer e d opme T ;a srever o a re p ucer e d agraC ; et ne rap a ai cnt siseR raimi l e d o sne T etner roc a d o nuf me ote ri d odit nes on o snet e d ade uQ ;a vi ti te pe r oci p e d ami x m asrevni o sne T ; zaci fe etne rr oc A )levs uf od a hl ocse an raili x -ua a rap odas u( l evsu f mu e d amie uq a etna rud ad apissi d aig rene e d e daditn auq ad adideM avit ite per o n ami xm ot rus e d et ne rr oC ami x m z aci fe et ne rr oC ate rid ami xm ai dm et ne rr oC

SM
)d-c (htR )c-j (htR

M RI
r rt rrQ

Tr u o Dr )O T(V FV MRRV

t2I

MSFI SMRFI VAFI

norkimeS 71F2NKS odoid od sodad ed ahloF

:2 olpmexE

.eirs me sodaicossa laedi odoid mu e rotsiser mu ,osnet ed etnof amu rop odatneserper oledom etsE

1PE

1 10 2

.sre goR .forP aicnt oP ed a ci nrtelE

.riuges a satircsed ores euq ,sapate sairv me erroco ortuo arap omar mu ed etnerroc ad aicnrefsnart a ,oatumoc a etnaruD .oatumoc es-amahc ortuo arap omar mu ed anadum atsE .S arap L ed adirefsnart Li etnerroc a odahcef S odnauQ .otiucric od atisarap aicntudni a 1L .Li etnerroc a alucric D e L rop adamrof ahlam aN .odaeuqolb tse S rotpurretni o etnemlaicinI

sodoid sod oieuqolb oa sodaicossa sonemneF

sacimnid sacitsretcaraC

1PE

1 1 02

. sre goR .forP aicntoP ed a ci nrtelE

.asrever oarepucer ed etnerroc ad ohnimac olep adignarba aer ad ritrap a odanimreted rolav ueS .osrever oieuqolb arap aterid oudnoc ed oidnoc an anadum odived osrever oditnes on odoid od svarta meulf euq sagrac ed serodatrop ed edaditnauq a RRQ asrever oarepucer ed agrac A .odoid od oarepucer ed etnerroc ad ocip o atneserper MRI .adivomer ajes RRQ euq ta avitagen es-anrot Di etnerroc a olavretni etseN .roticapac od agracsed a erroco ,odaluna es ret laedi odoid on etnerroc a spA .odnizudnoc tse odoid o otnauqne RRQ agrac a adanezamra res edno odoid od oarepucer ed aicnticapac a atneserper C roticapac O

1PE

1 10 2

.sre goR .forP aicnt oP ed a ci nrtelE

A 003 a 1 A 07 a 1 A 003 a 1 A 0003 a 1 etnerroC sn 07 sn 002 a su 5 su1 a su52 rrt ykttohcS odipr-artlU odipR ocirneG omuseR .ronem otium adarepucer agrac a e onuj ad airp -rp aicnticapac etnemacinu es-eved oarepucer ed otiefe O .aicnicife aus ratnemua arap etnerroc axiab ed oatnemila ed setnof me sodazilitu os mb -mat selE .sesnet saxiab e setnerroc satla ed CC oatnemila ed setnof arap sia -edi os ykttohcS sodoid sO .saxiab os ykttohcS sodoid sod etnerroc ed seacific -epse sA .V 001 a socitrp sovitisopsid so odnatimil asrev-eciv e atla res aguf ed etnerroc aus axiab rof oudnoc ed osnet a eS .NP onuj ed odoid mu ed a euq roiam aguf ed etnerroc A .axiab etnemavitaler aterid osnet ed adeuq mT )ykttohcS retlaW omela ocisf oa meganemoh amu emon ueS(
ykttohcS sodo iD

.Vk 3 etnemadamixorpa V 05 ed sesnet ed seacificepse moc ,serpma ed sanetnec A 1 ed saxiaf merboc sodoid sessE .etnatropmi otium oarepucer ed edadicolev a euq me ,AC -CC e CC-CC ed serosrevnoc sotiucric me sodasu os selE .s 5 eu q ronem etnem -lamron ,oxiab oarepucer ed opmet mt adipr oarepucer ed sodoid sO
ad ip r oa repucer ed sodo iD

.Vk 5 etnemadamixorpa a V 05 ed sesnet ed saxiaf moc serpma ed serahlim soirv a A 1 ed sonem ed setnerroc ed saxiaf merboc sodoid sessE .zHk 1 ta edadicolev axiab ed seacilpa me sodazilitu os e ,otla etnemavitaler rrt meussop , otsi ,sotnel sodoid oS
soc irneg sodo iD

aicntop ed sodoid ed sopiT

1PE

1 1 02

. sre goR .forP aicntoP ed a ci nrtelE

.aicntoP ed acinrtelE me latnemadnuf aicntropmi ed os etnenopmoc mu me sadrep sad oluclc o e rodapissid od ahlocse aterroc A

oacificepse :serodap iss iD ocimrt oluclC

oaregirfer e sadreP

3 olpmexE
V 001 ta V 0051 ta V 0003 ta V 0003 ta osneT

1PE

1 10 2

.sre goR .forP aicnt oP ed a ci nrtelE

4 olpmexE

01

1PE

1 1 02

. sre goR .forP aicntoP ed a ci nrtelE

11

1PE

1 10 2

.sre goR .forP aicnt oP ed a ci nrtelE

.agrac adacilpa zacife osnet a raluclaC :olpmexE . )t (v oatnemila ed eder ad zacife osnet a feV edno

54,0

td

agrac adacilpa aidm osnet A

sovitagen solcicimes so aieuq -olb e ovitisop olcicimes on zudnoc D odoid O ocip ed osneT = pV

R agrac moc adno aiem ed ocisfonom rodacifiteR
sod alor tnoc on serodacifi teR

21

1PE

1 1 02

. sre goR .forP aicntoP ed a ci nrtelE

:riuges a laicnerefid oauqe ad oulos alep aditbo agrac ed etnerroc A

.LR agr ac moc adno aiem e d ocis onom rod acifite r o arap adno e d sam roF : 21 . gi F f

.agrac adacilpa odnes aunitnoc )t (v etnof ad osnet a ,aieuqolb es on odoid o otnauqne euq ratoN

. a roirepus euq olugn on erroco oieuqolb O . = t odnauq aieuqolb es on odoid o L aicntudni ad aneserp a odiveD

agrac an aidm etnerroc A

1 I D ef = T

Vp sen(t ) dt = R

Vp sen( t )=

diL (t ) + R.iL (t ) dt

.medro ariemirp ed laicnerefid oauqE

LR agraC
2

Vp = 2R

0,707

Vef R

31

1PE

1 10 2

.sre goR .forP aicnt oP ed a ci nrtelE

: = t e 0 = )t (oi odnauq ,oauqe etniuges a revloser oirssecen olugn o recehnoc es araP .eder ad adanretla osnet aditembus LR agrac ad etnenamrep emiger me atsopser a atneserper etnen -opmoc a ;etnerroc ad airtisnart alecrap a atneserper etnenopmoc A

i1 ( t )

.od oi d a ad no aiem r oda cifiter o ar ap LR agr ac an et ne rr oC : 31 giF

i0 (t ) =

R +X

Vp

2 L

oauqe ad ouloS
sen(t ) I 1 (0)e
t

= arctg

XL R

XL =

i0( t)

.satnitsid setnenopmoc saud rop atsopmoc

=
L R

euq es-avresbO edno

i1 (t ) =

sen( ) + sen ( )e

i2 (t ) = I 1 (0 )e

2 R2 + X L

Vp

i2 ( t )

sen(t )

tg

=0

euq rarbmeL .

( )

-se ertne oaler ecenrof agrac ed olugn X

) ahlof( .solugn set onitxE ed olugn ocifrg O

( )

agr ac ed olu gn X

onitxE ed ol ugn o cifrg

41

1PE

1 1 02

. sre goR .forP aicntoP ed a ci nrtelE

.demoV airprp a R rotsiser on aidm osnet a missA .aruturtse ad oarepo ed olcic mu me azitengamsed e azitengam es etse siop orez rotudni on aidm osnet a euq ratlasser etnatropmi
Vo med = Vp [ cos( t )] 0 2 V o med = =
0

osnet ad oidm rolav o ranimreted es-edop

:riuges a otircsed tse otnemidecorp O .agrac an olugn o odicehnoc zev amU

1 2

Vp .sen (t ) d ( t )

Vp (1 cos ) 2

51

1PE

1 10 2

.sre goR .forP aicnt oP ed a ci nrtelE

.R rotsiser on adapissid aicntop A )e( ;agrac an zacife etnerroc A )d( ;agrac an aidm etnerroc A )c( ;agrac an aid -m osnet A )b( ; oudnoc ed olugn O )a( :raluclaC .Hm 001 = L e 001 = R ,zH 06 = f ,V 022 = feV edno ,LR agrac moc adno aiem ed rodacifiter o ajeS

5 olpmexE

61

1PE

1 1 02

. sre goR .forP aicntoP ed a ci nrtelE

ervil-ador ed odoiD

71

1PE

1 10 2

.sre goR .forP aicnt oP ed a ci nrtelE

oidm otn op mo c oc isfonom rodaci fit eR

.agrac a e eder a ertne ocinvlag otnemalosi o etimrep )b ;agrac ad osnet etnof ad osnet ad oatpada a etimrep )a :sedadeirporp setniuges sa atneserpa euq ,rod -amrofsnart mu ed ritrap a odatnemila rodacifiter o ,seacilpa satium mE
serodacifiter son rodamrof snart od o gerpmE

.LR sagrac arap mbmat sadilv os amica seauqe sA

9,0 9,0
0

atelpmoc adno ed oc isf on om rodaci fit eR

v(wt )

2
wt

81

1PE

1 1 02

. sre goR .forP aicntoP ed a ci nrtelE

.agrac eugertne aicntoP )c ;agrac an zacife etnerroC )b ;agrac an aidm osneT )a :raluclaC 52 = R )fe( V 022 = 1V )fe( V 011 = 2V :serolav setniuges so moc ,oidm otnop moc atelpmoc adno ed ocisfonom rodacifiter mu odaD

6 olpmexE

91

1PE

1 10 2

.sre goR .forP aicnt oP ed a ci nrtelE

2 33

agrac an aidm etnerroc A

agrac an aidm osnet A .eder ad osnet ad aicnqerf a sezev srt adas ed osnet ad aicnqerf a euq ravresbO

av its ise r agrac moc o tnemat ropmoC

)adno aiem ed ( o idm otnop moc ocisfirt rodaci fit eR

02

1PE

1 102

.srego R .forP aicn toP ed acin rtelE

.adapissid aidm aicntoP )d( zacife etnerroC )c( aidm etnerroC )b( aidm osnet A )a( :R rotsiser o arap raluclaC . 05 = R ;zH 06 = f ;)ortuen-esaf( V 022 = V :sodad setniuges so majeS .32 .giF ad oidm otnop moc ocisfirt rodacifiter o ajeS
fe

7 olpmexE

2 =

odoid adac me ocip ed etnerroc A odoid adac me zacife etnerroc A odoid adac me aidm etnerroc A

686,0 =

. 4 + 33 36 =

2= 3

1 + 343

agrac an zacife etnerroc A

2 3 3=

12

1PE

1 10 2

.sre goR .forP aicnt oP ed a ci nrtelE

.ztearG ed etnoP :62 .giF

.acisfirt etnof amu ed atelpmoc adno me oacifiter retbo arap sodaicossa sodoid 6 ed etsisnoC .etnemlairtsudni sadagerpme siam saruturtse sad amu ztearG ed etnop A
atelpmoc adno ed ocisfirt rodaci fit eR

.avitsiser agrac arap mbmat elav euq ,

.osnet ed setnof saud sartuo sad amos a odoid adac erbos asrever osnet a euq ratlasser etnatropmi

e edno ;

.avitsiser agrac ad osac oa laugi agrac an aidm osnet A

av itudn i agrac moc o tnemat ropmoC

22

1PE

1 1 02

. sre goR .forP aicntoP ed a ci nrtelE

.sedines sad oledom rasU .3D me etnerroc e agrac an etnerroc e osnet ad adno ed samrof sa rahneseD .ER agrac moc ocisfirt rodacifiteR 8 olpmexE
54,2

:sodoid so erbos ocip ed osneT :odoid adac me zacife e aidm etnerroC :agrac an aidm osneT

43,2

32

1PE

1 102

. sr ego R .for P ai cntoP e d acinrt el E

42

1PE

1 1 02

. sre goR .forP aicntoP ed a ci nrtelE

.odaeuqolb tse odoid o euq me odorep o etnarud agrac a arap aigrene amsem atse ecenrof e ,odoid od oudnoc ed odorep o etnarud aigrene anezamra roticapac o euq ed otaf on es-aiesab ametsis etsE .agrac a moc olel -arap me roticapac mu es-odnacoloc adazilaer etnemetneuqerf megartlif A
. oviti cap ac o rtlif m oc adno aiem ed roda cifit eR . 72 .giF

.ort -lif ed otiucric mu somasu sal-tive arap e ,sealicso retnoc edop on somajesed euq CC auntnoc etnerroc a ,odutnoC .AC etnenopmoc amu iussop siop ,adaslup auntnoc osnet amu a es-zuder ,adacifiter res spa ,adanretla osnet amU
ov iticapac o rtlif moc rodaci fiteR

.seetorp e ortlif ,rodacifiter olep otsopmoc ocolb o odadutse e odavresbo res olutpac etseN
.ad aevahc et nof amu ed acipt o ar ugif noC 6 2.giF

.setiltas e se -iva ;seratilim e socidm sotnemapiuqe ,serodatupmoc ,serosivelet me sadasu os ejoH .setneicife e sotcapmoc siam seratilim sotnemapiuqe ed adnamed redneta arap ,0691 ed adacd an oicni evet sadaevahc setnof ed otnemivlovnesed O .sodaeuqolb e odnizudnoc :sodatse siod sanepa mt serotpurretni so , otsi ,evahc omoc marepo euq sotnemele agerpme adaevahc etnof amU

sadaevahc setnof ed adartne ed otiucriC

52

1PE

1 10 2

.sre goR .forP aicnt oP ed a ci nrtelE

.otsoperbos elppir ed lanis mu e CC levn mu atneserpa odartlif lanis o euq rat -on es-eveD .atelpmoc adno ed serodacifiter me ortlif ed roticapac o somratcenoc spa atluser euq adno ed amrof a artsom 03 arugif A .agrac a moc olelarap me odagil ortlif ed roticapac o ,adno aiem ed otiucric on eu q odom omsem oD
:atelpmo c adno me ortlif ed ro ticapaC

demoV/ferV = r auntnoc osnet / elppir ed zacife osnet = r : elppir ed rotaf od acitmetam osserpxe A .nimpV pV = pprV :rop odad ocip a ocip rolav ues e ,elppir ed osnet ed emon o ebecer oaludno assE .oaludno a ronem e ominm rolav o res roiam ,otnatrop ,e opmet ed etnatsnoc a res roiam oaicossa ad agrac -sed ed opmet o rof roiam otnauQ .nimpV ,aminm osnet ad rolav o ranimret -ed iav euq C x R oaicossa ad agracsed ed opmet o euq raton levssop .agrac ed aicntsiser ad svarta es-agerracsed C roticapac o e aieuqolb odoid o ,odotac oa oaler me ovitagen rof odona o odnauq ,etniuges olcicimes o etnaruD .adacilpa osnet ad rolav o moc etnemaenatlumis agerrac es C roticapac o e zudnoc odoid o ,odotac oa oaler me ovitisop rof odona o euq me olcic oiem o etnaruD
. oviti capac o rt lif moc roda cifiter od adas ed os ne T . 8 2 .gi F

.82 arugif an adartsom roticapac o moc adas ed osnet A .oidm rolav ues od ritrap a ad -inifed oaludno ed osnet A .ronem etnemlevaredisnoc oaludno a e odag -nolorp ,R agrac alep assap etnerroc a lauq o etnarud opmet o ,odom esseD

62

1PE

1 1 02

. sre goR .forP aicntoP ed a ci nrtelE

.adartne ed aicntop a niP e oatnemila ed eder ad aicnuqerf a f edno .osserpxe etniuges alep odad ortlif ed roticapac od rolav O uo
fe :rop odad elppir ed osnet ad zacife rolav o E dem :rop odad oidm rolav O

...cte ,demoV ountnoc rolav on ,elppir ed rotaf on ,elppir ed osnet ad rolav on etnemaivbo e ,agracsed ad dT opmet ed olavretni on maicneulfni ,ag -rac ed aicntsiser ad rolav o e roticapac od rolav o edno ,agrac ed aicntsiser ad svarta agerracsed es roticapac o euq me opmet ed olavretni o dT opmet ed olav -retni o e agerrac es roticapac o euq me opmet ed olavretni o cT olavretni O
. et natl us er adno e d amr oF : 03 .giF

.atelpm oc etn oP ) b .oid m otnop m oC ) a .o viticapa c ort lif mo c at elpmoc adno ed rod acifiteR : 9 2 .giF

72

1PE

1 10 2

.sre goR .forP aicnt oP ed a ci nrtelE

.9 olpmexE .pV- moc 2C e pV moc odagerrac acif 1C aicnrefer oaler mE

.osn et e d ro darbod o ar ap adas an adno ed am roF . 2 3 .giF

. osnet ed rodar boD . 13 . g F i

.pV.2 etnemadamixorpa moc ragerrac es 2C zud -noc 2D e odaeuqolb ratse 1D ovitisop olcicimes omixrp oN .odaeuqolb ratse 2D e 1D zudnoC .adacidni edadiralop a moc e ,adartne ed osnet ad ocip ed rol -av o moc ragerrac es)1C( roticapac oriemirp o ovitagen olcicimes on ,13 arugif ad otiucric oN .CC sesnet ed serolav sednarg retbo arap sodasu sotiucric oS

osnet ed serodarboD

82

1PE

1 1 02

. sre goR .forP aicntoP ed a ci nrtelE

odnalucric etnemadinifedni mtnam es atse ,onetunam ed etnerroc ad oxiaba siam riac on e otnemavart uo oneter ed etnerroc a adignita ed siopeD

.odotac ed a euq avitisop siam ajes odona ed osnet a ,odoid on omoc ,euq mbmat oirs -secen .odotac o e odona o ertne etnerroc ednarg ed oalucric odnitimrep ,rot -sirit o arapsid odotac e ohlitag ertne aneuqep etnerroc amu ed oacilpa A .MKAV e MRV etimil o ta soditnes siod son etnerroc a aieuqolb ohlitag ed etnerroc mes rotsirit O . )tnerruc gnidloH( otnemavart ed etnerroC HI .aterid arutpur ed osneT MKAV ;asrever arutpur ed osneT MRV

acittse acitsretcaraC etag uo ohlitag = G odotac = C odona = A .ohlitag mu e odotac mu ,odona mu iussoP .)reifitceR dellortnoC nociliS( RCS sod ailmaf an odulc -ni ,NPNP sadanretla sadamac 4 ed rotudnocimes ovitisopsid mu rotsirit O
rotsiriT

se rotsir iT

92

1PE

1 10 2

.sre goR .forP aicnt oP ed a ci nrtelE

,)OT(TV
jvT TV

t2I
MS TI VA TI MR TI

ocip ed aterid amixm osneT ocip ed asrever amixm osneT

MRDV MRRV

se ro ts ir it sod so rtem raP

.aicntop ed serotsis -nart a odarapmoc odnauq oxiab otsuc ues siop ,satla etnemavitaler setnerroc e sesnet moc zH 06 uo zH 05 ed seacilpa arap ahlocse aob amu rotsirit O .serotsiritotof so arap orapsid ed ocifcepse osaC .zuL )d .arutarepmet ed ossec -xe olep es-anigiro aguf ed etnerroc a seidnoc satseN .aguf ed etnerroC )c .senuj sad oviticapac otiefe olep odarapsid rotsirit o osac etseN .)td/vd( C-A osnet ad acsurb oairaV )b

.odasu siam odotm o .ohlitag on avitisop osnet ed oslupmI )a

sero ts i r it ed o raps id ed snumoc s iam sam roF

.ohlitag ed etnerroc a eriter es euq omsem ,rotsirit olep

03

1PE

1 1 02

. sre goR .forP aicntoP ed a ci nrtelE

;avitagen ohlitag ed osnet amu somet osac etsen e etnenopmoc od ias ohlitag ed etnerroc a :1TM a oaler me ovitisop ratse 2TM lanimret o osac etseN )2 ;ovitisop odaredisnoc odit -nes ojuc lanimret etsed svarta etnerroc ed adartne a odnacovorp ,avitisop ohlit -ag ed osnet :1TM a oaler me ovitisop ratse 2TM lanimret o osac etseN )1 .1TM o erpmes laicnerefer o euq atnoc me es-odnavel ,CAIRT mu ed orapsid arap setnerefid sodom 4 metsixE
:o raps id ed sam roF

)O T(

TGI Tr v

13

1PE

1 10 2

.sre goR .forP aicnt oP ed a ci nrtelE

.01 olpmexE

.edadira lop h on si op ,2TM e 1TM san epa sodamahc os sian imret sO .etnemadam ixorpa V 53 sod ritrap a o udnoc a aicini e tnemacipiT .osnet alep odalortn oc rotpu rre tni mu .ohli tag o met on mrop ,cairt oa etnahlemes caid o ,CA edoiD

arap oaiverbA

ca iD

.mif esse arap etnemlaicepse sodibecnoc sca -irT me adazilitu res reved etnemos 2 edadiladom aN .adizuder siam adnia 2 edadiladom an e ronem etnemadidiced edadilibisnes a 3 edadiladom aN .sedadilibissop sartuo s oaler me CAIRT o arap orapsid ed edadilibisnes roiam mtbo 4 e 1 sedadiladom saN .ovitagen oslup mu ed svarta res orapsid ed osnet a e :1TM a oaler me ovitagen ratse 2TM lanimret o osac etseN )4 ;etnenopmoc on odnartne etnerroc a moc ,ajes uo ,avitisop ohlitag ed osnet a e :1TM a oaler me ovitagen ratse 2TM lanimret o osac etseN )3

23

1PE

1 1 02

. sre goR .forP aicntoP ed a ci nrtelE

agrac an os net = C v

LR agrac mo c adno a iem ed o cisfonom rodaci fiteR

.etnop me rodacifiter on euq od ronem demV e sacinmrah siam rizudortni ed megatnavsed a meT

edin es ad o c p ed osne T = p V i

R agrac mo c adno a iem ed o cisfonom rodaci fiteR

.sacisfaxeh omsem uo sacisfirt setnop masu es etnemlareg Wk 01 a roirepus aicntop araP .cte ,savitomocol ed otnemanoica on ,CC ossimsnart ed seder ed oat -nemila arap sarodacifiter seatse me ,auntnoc etnerroc ed serotom ed otneman -oica on ,lairtsudni oacilpa atsav meussoP .socittse serosrevnoc me serotsirit sod oacilpa lapicnirp a meutitsnoc sodalortnoc serodacifiter sotiucric sO

0.5

0 1 0 1

iR(wt) vR(wt)

sodalortnoC serodacifiteR

33

1PE

1 10 2

.sre goR .forP aicnt oP ed a ci nrtelE

oarepo ed sapate sauD

apatE

a patE

e rvil -ador ed od oid moc LR agrac moc adno aiem ed oc isfonom rodaci fit eR

ikswolhcsuP ed ocab

etnerroc ad onitxe ed olugn

43

1PE

1 1 02

. sre goR .forP aicntoP ed a ci nrtelE

2 1

R agrac ,a telpmoc adno ed o cisfonom rodaci fiteR

ER agrac mo c adno a iem ed o cisfonom rodaci fiteR

53

1PE

1 10 2

.sre goR .forP aicnt oP ed a ci nrtelE

ountnoc odoM

ountnocsed odoM

.aluna es o -i

gr c d r a n gr c d r a n

dac

c A auntnocsed oudnoC

c A auntnoc oudnoC .olcic

LR agra c moc a telpmoc adno ed o cisfonoM

63

1PE

1 1 02

. sre goR .forP aicntoP ed a ci nrtelE

73

1PE

1 10 2

.sre goR .forP aicnt oP ed a ci nrtelE

ed soslup sod adariter selpmis a ,ajes uO .etnerroc siam ehl-odnecenrof agrac adalpoca etnemavon res etnof a ovitisop olcicimes omixrp on ,agrac ad acirtle opmet ed etnatsnoc adavele ad onuf me ,rizudnoc a eunitnoc 1T euq odnop -us e ,odarapsid rof on 2T es ocirtmis odalortnocimes rodacifiter mu mE

)atsim etnoP ( oc irtmis odalortno cimes a telpmoc adno ed o cisfonoM

83

1PE

1 1 02

. sre goR .forP aicntoP ed a ci nrtelE

oidm otnop ed soc isfirt odalo rtnoc rodaci fiteR

.laicnerefer omsem mun ratse medop otnemanoica ed sianis so euq odom ed ,laicnetop omsem mun otse sodotac so sodot euq acirtmis megatnom ad megatnav A .1D e 1T odnagilsed ,retrevni es osnet a odnauq oudnoc me rartne lauq o ,ervil-ador ed odoid mu ed osulcni alep odative res edop otsI .setnenopmoc ed rap ortuo o moc rerroco edop omsem o etnemaivbO .etroc 1T missa e auntnocsed enrot es etnerroc a euq arap orapsid ed olugn o riunimid oirssecen arroco ossi euq araP .etnof a e agrac a ertne otnemalpocased o etnarag on orapsid

93

1PE

1 10 2

.sre goR .forP aicnt oP ed a ci nrtelE

.sodairporpa setnatsni son soterroc serotsirit so arapsid euq odazinorcnis orapsid ed otiucric mu etsixe euq es-epuS .riuges a adatneserper tse ,rotsirit a atelpmoc adno ed ocisfirt rodacifiter uo ztearG ed etnop A
.r ots i rit a zt ea rG ed etn oP : 15 .giF

z tearG ed etnoP ate lpmo c adno ed ocisfirt odalortnoc rodaci fit eR

04

1PE

1 1 02

. sre goR .forP aicntoP ed a ci nrtelE

atsim etnop me ocisf irt rodaci fiteR

14

1PE

1 10 2

.sre goR .forP aicnt oP ed a ci nrtelE

ikswolhc suP ed o cab

24

1PE

1 102

.srego R .forP aicn toP ed acin rtelE

solpmexE

34

1PE

1 10 2

.sre goR .forP aicnt oP ed a ci nrtelE

44

1PE

1 1 02

. sre goR .forP aicntoP ed a ci nrtelE

54

1PE

1 10 2

.sre goR .forP aicnt oP ed a ci nrtelE

-etni olcic ed o :agrac ad aicntop ed elortnoc o arap socisb sodotm siod H

CA a icntop ed elo rtnoC
. cairt moc otiucric )b ;RC S m oc otiucric )a : CA aicn t op ed rodalo rt noc e d so cis b sotiuc riC : 1. 11 arugi F

.oudni ed serotom arap edad -icolev ed elortnoc e RAV acittse oasnepmoc ,rodamrofsnart me lanimret ed anadum ,acirtle adlos arap aicntsiser ,lairtsudni otnemiceuqa ,oanimuli ed elortnoc meulcni CA osnet ed serodalortnoc sod seacilpa siapicnirp sA .atla otium aicntop ed seacilpa me sRCS ed osu o magirbo sezev satium scairt sod sianimon serolav soa setnerefer sacitrp seatimil sA .adasu euq evahc ad etnednepedni elortnoc od odatlus -er o ,sedadilanif sad airoiam a araP .sianoiceridib sevahc ratnemelpmi arap sodasu res medop mbmat serotsirit majes on euq otnemaevahc ed sovitisopsiD .1.11 arugiF a artsom omoc ,olelarapitna me sodagil )oiclis ed sodalortnoc serod -acifiter - sreifitcer dellortnoc nocilis( sRCS ed rap mu uo ,cairt mu omoc ,lano -iceridib res edop evahc assE .CA evahc amu rasu ,agrac amu arap ,CA osnet a ralortnoc ed selpmis siam odom O .adartne ed aicnqerf laugi erpmes ad -as ed aicnqerf A levirav CA osnet ed etnof amu me axif CA osnet ed etnof amu etrevnoc ,rodaluger uo ,adanretla etnerroc ed osnet ed rodalortnoc O
)AC aicn top ed e lortnoC ( rodadarG

64

1PE

1 1 02

. sre goR .forP aicntoP ed a ci nrtelE

.serotom arap edadicolev ed elortnoc e oan -imuli ed elortnoc omoc seacilpa arap adairporpa esaf rop adalortnoc adanret -la adas amu ecenrof ossecorp essE .osnet e etnof a e orez ertne rolav reuqlauq arap adalortnoc res edop ale ,otnatroP . )0 = ov( aminm ale , = odnauQ . )iv = ov( amixm adas ed osnet a 0 = eS .odorep mu ed olcicimes adac arap orapsid ed olugn od oaretla a moc agrac an osnet a rairav es-edoP .avitsiser agrac amu moc esaf ed elortnoc o arap adno e samrof sa martsuli 3.11 arugiF ad socifrg sO .adartne ed osnet ad olcic adac a odorep mu rop etnof agrac a agil evahc a eleN .seautis sassen odasu res edop esaf ed elortnoc O .saneuqep opmet ed setnatsnoc moc sagrac arap evres on largetnI olcic ed elortnoc O
.larg et ni ol ci c ed elo rtno C : 2. 1 1 ar ugiF

.%001 a %0 ed adalortnoc res edop agrac a arap aidm aicntop a ,siaedi saicntsnucric mE .ocipt ordap mu artsom 2.11 arugiF A .ralucitrap ovitejbO mugla a adneta agrac eugertne aidm aicntop a eu q odom lat ed odat -suja ,it ohlabart ed olcic o , otsi ,odagilsed e odagil sodatse son sodorep sod avitaler oarud A .otnemaevahc od oiteper a moc sioped e ,sotelpmoc solcic snugla rop ,agrac etnof ad ,otnemagilsed o e oagil a moc adalortnoc res edop agrac an aicntop A .arutarepmet ed elortnoc ed so omoc ,ednarg opmet ed etnat -snoc amu moc sametsis arap evres oriemirp O .esafed o e ,agilsed-agil uo larg

74

1PE

1 10 2

.sre goR .forP aicnt oP ed a ci nrtelE

:rop odad adas an etnerroc ad SMR rolav O

:rop adad aidm aicntop a ,R avitsiser agrac a araP .alun agrac an aicntop a e adagilsed atse evahc a , )NOT - T = FFOT( FFOT solcic sod etnatser o etnaruD .amix -m agrac an aicntop a e adagil tse evahc a ,NOT etnaruD .oarepo ed otelp -moc odorep on solcic ed oremn o T e adazigrene agrac a siau q so arap solc -ic ed oremn o NOT ,2.11 arugiF aN .agrac an aidm aicntop a alortnoc )etep -er es ordap-oudnoc a lauq on odorep o( latot olcic od o arap odagil opmet od oaler A .adairav res edop agrac a arap aidm aicntop a , )2.11 arugiF( ar -ienam assed odagilsed e odagil sodatse so arap adassap rof osnet a eS .onitxe ed sotelpmoc solcic ed sodiuges ,agrac sodacilpa majes etnof ad osnet ed sotelp -moc solcic euq ritimrep levssop ,osac esseN .agrac an recerapa osnet amuhn -en otne ,olcic adac me orapsid ed lanis muhnen revuoh on eS .agrac sodac -ilpa majes etnof ad osnet ad sotelpmoc solcic euq ritimrep arap , 0 = me sod -arapsid res medop serotsirit so ,1.11 arugiF ad CA osnet ed rodalortnoc oN
sor ie tn i solc ic rop elo rtnoC
.avi ts is er agr ac moc CA esaf ed elo rtno c m u ed a dno ed samro F : 3. 11 arugiF

84

1PE

1 102

.srego R .forP aicn toP ed acin rtelE

,elortnoc od asuac rop , )IFR - ecnerefretni ycneuqerf oidar( aicnuqerfoidar ed axiab aicnrefretni e o tnemaevahc ed searepo ed ronem oremn mu rigixe ed mega tnav a met large tni olcic ed elortnoc O .elortnoc od agilsed-agil azeru tan ad metluser euq seairav sa raenil ranro t arap odalortnoc ametsis mu me e tneicifus aigrene ed o tnemanezamra ed airedneped ametsis essE .odicelebatse odanoiceles otnop mu ed amixrp levirav amugla retnam ed mif a ,NOT ed rolav o airav arap odasu res edop adahcef ahlam me elortnoc ed ametsis mU .ladiones oarepo amu me airatluser euq o ,T = NOT odnauq rerroco mu a laugi aicn top ed rotaf mu ,amica oauqe an ,euq oralc aciF

:rop odad aicntop ed ro taf O .osnet ed etnof a moc esaf me tse on o tnatrop e e tneserp ahca es on etnerroc ed etnof a ,opmet od etrap rop ,euq zev amu ,oirtinu aicntop ed rotaf moc erepo largetni olcic ed elor tnoc ed o tiucric mu euq aci fingis on ossi ,otnatertnE .osnet ed etnof a moc esaf me erpmes tse etnerroc ed etnof A
FFOT

+ NOT = odorep = T edno

.ohlabart ed olcic oa laugi xamoP/gva oP .)xam oP( levssop amixm adas ed aicntop a moc )gvaoP ( adas ed aidm aicn top ad oaler a aicntop ed osrevnoc A .m ed svarta agrac an etnerroc a ralortnoc es-edop ,etnatsnoc M odnetnam

.oiteper ed ordap on sodulcni solcic ed la tot oremn od ednep -ed aidm aicntop ad oaluger a arap sievnopsid suarged ed oremn O .sot -ercsid sievn sanepa met ;auntnoc onu f amu on agrac an aicntop ad oid -m rolav o ,orietni oremn mu omoc rairav edop etnemos N OT euq zev amU .adartne ed osnet ad zacife rolav = iV ;adar tne ed osnet ad omixm rolav = mV edno

94

1PE

1 10 2

.sre goR .forP aicnt oP ed a ci nrtelE

:rop odad cairt od etnerroc ad lanimon rolav O .081 = me orez o e 0 = me R/ V ed omixm rolav o ertne ,auntnoc arienam ed ,adat -suja res edop adas an agrac ed etnerroc a , odrater ed olugn o rairav oA
i

2 2

:4.11 oauqe ad ral -imis avitsiser agrac moc adas an etnerroc ad SMR rolav o arap oauqe A

: adas ed osnet ad SMR rolav o orap oauqe A .odardauq oa adavele onuf amu ale euqrop ,aicntop a erbos otiefe muhnen erroco on saM .avitisop on e avitagen etnerroc amu met olcicimes odnuges adac euq anerefid a ,mrop ,iuqA .avitsiser agrac moc atelpmoc adno ed rodacifiter od s sacitndi os 3.11 arugiF ad adno ed samrof sA .agrac a arap aicntop odnecenrof 2 ta zudnoC . + me ,roiretsop olcicimes o etnarud odagil odatse o arap odassap RCS .agrac a arap aicntop odnecenrof a ed zudnoc elE . olugn on odagil od -atse o arap assap ,ovitisop olcicimes o etnarud odaziralop etnematerid RCS .osnet ed etnof ad orez od ritrap a odidem odrater ed olugn O . olugn mu me ,odicimes adac etnarud ,oudnoc a asarta es odnauq airav .ad -as ed osnet a ,rodalortnoc rodacifiter mu moc zaf es omoC .avitsiser agrac amu me aicntop a ralortnoc arap odasu res edop 1.11 arugiF ad ocisb otiucric O
av i ts iser ag rac moC CA e saf ed elo rtnoC

ovitsiser otnemiceuqa me oazilitU .elortnoc ed sodotm sortuo a odarapmoc odnauq ,ocirtle odur oxiab mu h ,ogol ;aneuqep euq ,ametsis od aicnuqerf ad edneped agrac an etnerroc ad oairav ed axat A .ore z osnet an etnemos erroco savitsiser sagrac arap otnemaevahc o ,odotm essen , otsI .CA osnet ad orez od ,otnemazurc o etnarud

05

1PE

1 1 02

. sre goR .forP aicntoP ed a ci nrtelE

:rop odad ,oinifed rop , aicntop ed rotaf o ,adno ed amrof a ajes euq reuqlauQ .avitsiser ajes agrac a arobme ,edadinu a euq od ronem CA etnof odatneserpa aicntop ed rotaf o ,Iadiones-on etnerroc a euq zev amU
.a vit sise r ag rac amu arap odr at er e d olugn moc adas ed aicntop ad e osn et a d oaira V : 4. 11 arugiF

.4.11 arugiF an adatolp ,avitsiser ag -rac amu arap , susrev xamoP/gvaoP e iV/smroV ,elortnoc ed acitsretcarac A .odrater ed olugn od onuf me adaluclac res edop CA aicntop ed ocisfonom rodalortnoc mu ed elortnoc ed acitsretcarac A .axiaf assen adatsuja ajes oudnoc a euq ritimrep arap sodauqeda otnemano -ica ed sotiucric metsixE .081 a orez ed axiaf adot me ed anadum a moc ra -irav edop agrac an aicntop a euq artsom 8.11 e 5.11 seauqe sad emaxe O

rop adad adas ed aicntop A

2

:rop odad sRCS sod etnerroc ad lanimon rolav O

15

1PE

1 102

. sr ego R .for P ai cntoP e d acinrt el E

ta riulf a aunitnoc sam , me orez a assap on ale ,otna ter tnE . me amrof es oi adas an etnerroc A iv = ov adas ed osnet a euq moc odneza f ,agrac adagil r -acif osnet ed etno f a ,odagil odatse o arap rassap 1RCS odnauQ . + me ,2RCS e me odanoica 1RCS .b7.11 arugiF an ,se tnednopserroc adno ed samrof sa e a7.11 arugiF an odartsom otiucric O .L rotudni mu moc eirs me R rotsiser on etsisnoc aroga agrac a lauq on CA osnet ed rodalortnoc otiucric o eredisnoC

)LR( avitudni agrac moC

miV

VIP .cairt

o arap e RCS o arap ,seerid sa sabma me airssecen evahc ad oatnemelp -mi an oieuqolb ed edadicapac assE .osnet ed etno f ad ocip ed rolav o ,otna t -rop , evahc ad aminm osne t ed edadicapac A .odagil odatse o arap essap ale euq setna ocip ed osnet ed etno f a aieuqolb evahc a ,09 > ed serolav araP .ovitisopsid od sianimret son os -net ad o tnemicserc od axat a rizuder arap rebbuns mu rasu oirssecensed res ,otnatrop ;odagilsed odatse o arap megassap an td/vd ednarg mu ret ed amelborp o revah oN .levzerpsed res e tnof ad osne t a ,orez a laugi rof etnerroc a euq me etna tsni on ,raeuqolb a raemoc evahc a odnauq ,otnatroP .avitsiser agrac a euqrop orez rof osnet ed e tnof a odnauq orez a iac evahc an e tnerroc A anro t es e atnemua a euq adidem ronem etnemavissergorp anrot es ele ;orez a laugi rof a odnauq etnemos edadinu laugi etna tluser aicntop ed ro taf O

. =

arap orez a laugi etnemadamixorpa

2 + 1 =

:sometbo ,4.11 oauqE a riutitsbus oA

= =

25

1PE

1 1 02

. sre goR .forP aicntoP ed a ci nrtelE

. a 2/ ed axiaf an tse edno

rop odad adas an etnerroc ad SMR rolav O .RCS evahc an osnet ed adeuq a atnes -erper adas ed osnet ad adno ed amrof ad atlaf euq orop A .adivomer lacit -rev orop amu moc ladiones amrof amu met adas ed osnet ad adno ed amrof A .rizudnoc RCS adac odnau q osnet ed etnof laugi adas ed osnet A .laedi edadiunitnocsed amu erfos evahc an osnet a ,orez a iac adas an etnerroc a euq me etnatsni oN .avitagen res a rassap e aditrevni edadiralop aus ret adartne ed osnet a spa omsem RCS ed svarta oditnam etnerroc ed oxulf o ,agrac ad aicntudni ad asuac rop ,ossid mlA .anelp adas ed osnet es-mtbo ,oidnoc asseN .)R/LX natcra = ( agrac ad esaf ed olugn o , otsI .orapsid ed olugn o moc edicnioc adas an etnerroc ad otnemicelebatse o euq ocifrg on evresbO .agrac an riulf asrever etnerroc amu ,odagil od -atse o arap rassap 2RCS odnauQ . ) - = ( oudnoc ed olugn odanimoned zudnoc 1RCS lauq o etnarud olavretni O .onitxe ed olugn omoc odicehnoc ,

35

1PE

1 10 2

.sre goR .forP aicnt oP ed a ci nrtelE

. LR agra c amu a rap etnerro c e osn et ed adno ed am rof ) b ; LR ag ra c moc CA es af a d el ortn oc e d otiucriC )a : 7. 11 .giF

45

1PE

1 102

.srego R .forP aicn toP ed acin rtelE

saicnrefeR

adazilitu aigolobmiS

sadazilitu sarutaiverbA