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CHAPTER 7-1
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Cost of equipment Low Medium Medium to high Medium Medium Low High
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Figure 27.1 Three basic types of oxyacetylene flames used in oxyfuel-gas welding and cutting operations: (a) neutral flame; (b) oxidizing flame; (c) carburizing, or reducing, flame. The gas mixture in (a) is basically equal volumes of oxygen and acetylene.
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Figure 27.5 Schematic illustration of the shielded metal-arc welding operations (also known as stick welding, because the electrode is in the shape of a stick).
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Submerged-Arc Welding
Figure 27.7 Schematic illustration of the submerged-arc welding process and equipment. The unfused flux is recovered and reused. Source: American Welding Society.
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Figure 27.8 Schematic illustration of the gas metal-arc welding process, formerly known as MIG (for metal inert gas) welding.
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Flux-Cored Arc-Welding
Figure 27.10 Schematic illustration of the flux-cored arc-welding process. This operation is similar to gas metal-arc welding, showing in Fig. 27.8.
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Figure 27.14 Equipment for gas tungsten-arc welding operations. Source: American Welding Society.
Kalpakjian Schmid Manufacturing Engineering and Technology 2001 Prentice-Hall Page 27-13
Plasma-Arc Welding
Figure 27.15 Two types of plasma-arc welding processes: (a) transferred, (b) nontransferred. Deep and narrow welds can be made by this process at high welding speeds.
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Summary
Electrode Electrode Extruded coating flux Gas shielding Molten metal Granulated Powder Electrode
Molten metal
Molten metal
metal-arc welding
Consumable Electrode (filler)
TIG
Oxygen gas Acetylene gas Outer envelope
Non-consumable Electrode
TIG
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(b)
(a)
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W ( power) K R I t
2
Where, K: constant less than 1 related to heat losses. I : Current. R: Resistance of ionized air gap. t : Welding time.
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