TD 2

Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Outils danalyse quantitative (L1)
TD 2 (Correction)
Universite du Maine, France
Download: http://www.univ-lemans.fr/
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TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 1
1). A = B + I B = A I =
_
6 4
9 6
_
B
2
= B B =
_
6 6 4 9 6 4 + 4 (6)
9 6 + (6) (9) 9 4 + (6) (6)
_
=
_
0 0
0 0
_
= 0
22
B
3
= B
2
B = 0
22
B = 0
22
B
4
= B
3
B = 0
22
.
.
.
B
n
= 0
22
, n 2
2).
A
2
= A A =
_
13 8
18 11
_
A
3
= A
2
A =
_
19 2
27 17
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 1
1). A = B + I B = A I =
_
6 4
9 6
_
B
2
= B B =
_
6 6 4 9 6 4 + 4 (6)
9 6 + (6) (9) 9 4 + (6) (6)
_
=
_
0 0
0 0
_
= 0
22
B
3
= B
2
B = 0
22
B = 0
22
B
4
= B
3
B = 0
22
.
.
.
B
n
= 0
22
, n 2
2).
A
2
= A A =
_
13 8
18 11
_
A
3
= A
2
A =
_
19 2
27 17
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 1
1). A = B + I B = A I =
_
6 4
9 6
_
B
2
= B B =
_
6 6 4 9 6 4 + 4 (6)
9 6 + (6) (9) 9 4 + (6) (6)
_
=
_
0 0
0 0
_
= 0
22
B
3
= B
2
B = 0
22
B = 0
22
B
4
= B
3
B = 0
22
.
.
.
B
n
= 0
22
, n 2
2).
A
2
= A A =
_
13 8
18 11
_
A
3
= A
2
A =
_
19 2
27 17
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 1
1). A = B + I B = A I =
_
6 4
9 6
_
B
2
= B B =
_
6 6 4 9 6 4 + 4 (6)
9 6 + (6) (9) 9 4 + (6) (6)
_
=
_
0 0
0 0
_
= 0
22
B
3
= B
2
B = 0
22
B = 0
22
B
4
= B
3
B = 0
22
.
.
.
B
n
= 0
22
, n 2
2).
A
2
= A A =
_
13 8
18 11
_
A
3
= A
2
A =
_
19 2
27 17
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
B I = I B
A
n
= (B + I )
n
=
n

k=0
C
k
n
B
k
= C
0
n
B
0
+ C
1
n
B
1
+ C
2
n
B
2
+ + C
n
n
B
n
.
0
= C
0
n
B
0
+ C
1
n
B
1
= I + nB =
_
6n + 1 4n
9n 6n + 1
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 2
Rappel :
Calcul de determinants

Dimension 2
A =
_
a b
c d
_
= det(A) = ad bc

si det(A) = 0 = la matrice inverse A

1
nexiste pas

si det(A) = 0 = la matrice inverse A

1
existe, A est
inversible

Dimension 3
Il y a trois methodes pour trouver le determinant : pivot de Gausse,
Sarrus et Laplace

Propriete

det(
t
A) = det(A)

det(AB) = det(A) det(B)

si A est inversible, on a det(A

1
) =
1
det(A)

1

2

3

4

5

6
1 0 -20 abc 4 44
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 2
Rappel :
Calcul de determinants

Dimension 2
A =
_
a b
c d
_
= det(A) = ad bc

si det(A) = 0 = la matrice inverse A

1
nexiste pas

si det(A) = 0 = la matrice inverse A

1
existe, A est
inversible

Dimension 3
Il y a trois methodes pour trouver le determinant : pivot de Gausse,
Sarrus et Laplace

Propriete

det(
t
A) = det(A)

det(AB) = det(A) det(B)

si A est inversible, on a det(A

1
) =
1
det(A)

1

2

3

4

5

6
1 0 -20 abc 4 44
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 2
Rappel :
Calcul de determinants

Dimension 2
A =
_
a b
c d
_
= det(A) = ad bc

si det(A) = 0 = la matrice inverse A

1
nexiste pas

si det(A) = 0 = la matrice inverse A

1
existe, A est
inversible

Dimension 3
Il y a trois methodes pour trouver le determinant : pivot de Gausse,
Sarrus et Laplace

Propriete

det(
t
A) = det(A)

det(AB) = det(A) det(B)

si A est inversible, on a det(A

1
) =
1
det(A)

1

2

3

4

5

6
1 0 -20 abc 4 44
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 2
Rappel :
Calcul de determinants

Dimension 2
A =
_
a b
c d
_
= det(A) = ad bc

si det(A) = 0 = la matrice inverse A

1
nexiste pas

si det(A) = 0 = la matrice inverse A

1
existe, A est
inversible

Dimension 3
Il y a trois methodes pour trouver le determinant : pivot de Gausse,
Sarrus et Laplace

Propriete

det(
t
A) = det(A)

det(AB) = det(A) det(B)

si A est inversible, on a det(A

1
) =
1
det(A)

1

2

3

4

5

6
1 0 -20 abc 4 44
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 2
Rappel :
Calcul de determinants

Dimension 2
A =
_
a b
c d
_
= det(A) = ad bc

si det(A) = 0 = la matrice inverse A

1
nexiste pas

si det(A) = 0 = la matrice inverse A

1
existe, A est
inversible

Dimension 3
Il y a trois methodes pour trouver le determinant : pivot de Gausse,
Sarrus et Laplace

Propriete

det(
t
A) = det(A)

det(AB) = det(A) det(B)

si A est inversible, on a det(A

1
) =
1
det(A)

1

2

3

4

5

6
1 0 -20 abc 4 44
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
e.g.,
5
=

2 4 3
1 3 0
0 2 1

Solution 1 : (Sarrus)

2 4 3
1 3 0
0 2 1
2 4 3
1 3 0

5
=
(231+(1)23+040)(330+022+14(1)) = 4

Solution 2 : (Laplace)

5
= 2

3 0
2 1

(1)

4 3
2 1

+ 0

4 3
3 0

= 4

Solution 3 : (Pivot de Gausse)

TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
_
_
L
1
2 4 3
L
2
1 3 0
L
3
0 2 1
_
_

_
_
L
1
2 4 3
L

2
= L
2
+
1
2
L
1
0 5
3
2
L
3
0 2 1
_
_

_
_
L
1
2 4 3
L

2
= L
2
+
1
2
L
1
0 5
3
2
L

3
= L
3

2
5
L

2
0 0
2
5
_
_

5
= 2 5
2
5
= 4
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
e.g.,
6
=

1 1 2 0
0 3 2 1
0 4 1 2
2 1 5 7

L
1
1 1 2 0
L
2
0 3 2 1
L
3
0 4 1 2
L
4
2 1 5 7

L
1
1 1 2 0
L
2
0 3 2 1
L
3
0 4 1 2
L

4
= L
4
+ 2L
1
0 3 9 7

L
1
1 1 2 0
L
2
0 3 2 1
L

3
= L
3

4
3
L
2
0 0
5
3
2
3
L

4
= L

4
L
2
0 0 7 6

L
1
1 1 2 0
L
2
0 3 2 1
L

3
= L
3

4
3
L
2
0 0
5
3
2
3
L

4
= L

4
+
21
5
L

3
0 0 0
44
5

6
= (1) 3 (
5
3
)
44
5
= 44
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 3
Rappel :
Matrice adjointe (ou Commatrice)

Dimension 2 :
A =
_
a
11
a
12
a
21
a
22
_
adj (A) =
_
a
22
a
12
a
21
a
11
_

Dimension 3 : adj (A) =

t
(A
ij
) avec A
ij
= (1)
i +j
|M
ij
| (la matrice des
cofacteur de A)
1).

det(A) = 1 = Oui (le determinant de A nest pas nul, donc, la

matrice est inversible)

det(B) = 0 = Non

C nest pas une matrice carree = Non

det(D) = 0 = Non
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 3
Rappel :
Matrice adjointe (ou Commatrice)

Dimension 2 :
A =
_
a
11
a
12
a
21
a
22
_
adj (A) =
_
a
22
a
12
a
21
a
11
_

Dimension 3 : adj (A) =

t
(A
ij
) avec A
ij
= (1)
i +j
|M
ij
| (la matrice des
cofacteur de A)
1).

det(A) = 1 = Oui (le determinant de A nest pas nul, donc, la

matrice est inversible)

det(B) = 0 = Non

C nest pas une matrice carree = Non

det(D) = 0 = Non
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 3
Rappel :
Matrice adjointe (ou Commatrice)

Dimension 2 :
A =
_
a
11
a
12
a
21
a
22
_
adj (A) =
_
a
22
a
12
a
21
a
11
_

Dimension 3 : adj (A) =

t
(A
ij
) avec A
ij
= (1)
i +j
|M
ij
| (la matrice des
cofacteur de A)
1).

det(A) = 1 = Oui (le determinant de A nest pas nul, donc, la

matrice est inversible)

det(B) = 0 = Non

C nest pas une matrice carree = Non

det(D) = 0 = Non
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 3
Rappel :
Matrice adjointe (ou Commatrice)

Dimension 2 :
A =
_
a
11
a
12
a
21
a
22
_
adj (A) =
_
a
22
a
12
a
21
a
11
_

Dimension 3 : adj (A) =

t
(A
ij
) avec A
ij
= (1)
i +j
|M
ij
| (la matrice des
cofacteur de A)
1).

det(A) = 1 = Oui (le determinant de A nest pas nul, donc, la

matrice est inversible)

det(B) = 0 = Non

C nest pas une matrice carree = Non

det(D) = 0 = Non
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 3
Rappel :
Matrice adjointe (ou Commatrice)

Dimension 2 :
A =
_
a
11
a
12
a
21
a
22
_
adj (A) =
_
a
22
a
12
a
21
a
11
_

Dimension 3 : adj (A) =

t
(A
ij
) avec A
ij
= (1)
i +j
|M
ij
| (la matrice des
cofacteur de A)
1).

det(A) = 1 = Oui (le determinant de A nest pas nul, donc, la

matrice est inversible)

det(B) = 0 = Non

C nest pas une matrice carree = Non

det(D) = 0 = Non
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
2). quatre etapes pour calculer la matrice inverse :
Etape 1 : Determinant det(A) = 1
Etape 2 : Matrice des cofacteurs de A

1 2
0 1

0 2
0 1

0 1
0 0

2 3
0 1

1 3
0 1

1 2
0 0

2 3
1 2

1 3
0 2

1 2
0 1

1 0 0
2 1 0
7 2 1

Etape 3 : Matrice adjointe

adj (A) =
t
_
_
1 0 0
2 1 0
7 2 1
_
_
=
_
_
1 2 7
0 1 2
0 0 1
_
_
Etape 4 : Matrice inverse :
A
1
=
1
det(A)
adj (A) =
_
_
1 2 7
0 1 2
0 0 1
_
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
2). quatre etapes pour calculer la matrice inverse :
Etape 1 : Determinant det(A) = 1
Etape 2 : Matrice des cofacteurs de A

1 2
0 1

0 2
0 1

0 1
0 0

2 3
0 1

1 3
0 1

1 2
0 0

2 3
1 2

1 3
0 2

1 2
0 1

1 0 0
2 1 0
7 2 1

Etape 3 : Matrice adjointe

adj (A) =
t
_
_
1 0 0
2 1 0
7 2 1
_
_
=
_
_
1 2 7
0 1 2
0 0 1
_
_
Etape 4 : Matrice inverse :
A
1
=
1
det(A)
adj (A) =
_
_
1 2 7
0 1 2
0 0 1
_
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
2). quatre etapes pour calculer la matrice inverse :
Etape 1 : Determinant det(A) = 1
Etape 2 : Matrice des cofacteurs de A

1 2
0 1

0 2
0 1

0 1
0 0

2 3
0 1

1 3
0 1

1 2
0 0

2 3
1 2

1 3
0 2

1 2
0 1

1 0 0
2 1 0
7 2 1

Etape 3 : Matrice adjointe

adj (A) =
t
_
_
1 0 0
2 1 0
7 2 1
_
_
=
_
_
1 2 7
0 1 2
0 0 1
_
_
Etape 4 : Matrice inverse :
A
1
=
1
det(A)
adj (A) =
_
_
1 2 7
0 1 2
0 0 1
_
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
2). quatre etapes pour calculer la matrice inverse :
Etape 1 : Determinant det(A) = 1
Etape 2 : Matrice des cofacteurs de A

1 2
0 1

0 2
0 1

0 1
0 0

2 3
0 1

1 3
0 1

1 2
0 0

2 3
1 2

1 3
0 2

1 2
0 1

1 0 0
2 1 0
7 2 1

Etape 3 : Matrice adjointe

adj (A) =
t
_
_
1 0 0
2 1 0
7 2 1
_
_
=
_
_
1 2 7
0 1 2
0 0 1
_
_
Etape 4 : Matrice inverse :
A
1
=
1
det(A)
adj (A) =
_
_
1 2 7
0 1 2
0 0 1
_
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
2). quatre etapes pour calculer la matrice inverse :
Etape 1 : Determinant det(A) = 1
Etape 2 : Matrice des cofacteurs de A

1 2
0 1

0 2
0 1

0 1
0 0

2 3
0 1

1 3
0 1

1 2
0 0

2 3
1 2

1 3
0 2

1 2
0 1

1 0 0
2 1 0
7 2 1

Etape 3 : Matrice adjointe

adj (A) =
t
_
_
1 0 0
2 1 0
7 2 1
_
_
=
_
_
1 2 7
0 1 2
0 0 1
_
_
Etape 4 : Matrice inverse :
A
1
=
1
det(A)
adj (A) =
_
_
1 2 7
0 1 2
0 0 1
_
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 4
1). det(A) =
_
4 (1) 1 + 2 6 + 0
_

_
6 (1) + 0 + 4
_
= 10 = A
1
existe
la matrice cofacteur de A

1 0
2 1

1 0
1 1

1 1
1 2

4 6
2 1

4 6
1 1

4 4
1 2

4 6
1 0

4 6
1 0

4 4
1 1

1 1 3
8 2 4
6 6 8

la matrice adjointe
adj (A) =
t
(A
ij
) =
_
_
1 8 6
1 2 6
3 4 8
_
_
la matrice inverse
A
1
=
1
det(A)
adj (A) =
1
10
_
_
1 8 6
1 2 6
3 4 8
_
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 4
1). det(A) =
_
4 (1) 1 + 2 6 + 0
_

_
6 (1) + 0 + 4
_
= 10 = A
1
existe
la matrice cofacteur de A

1 0
2 1

1 0
1 1

1 1
1 2

4 6
2 1

4 6
1 1

4 4
1 2

4 6
1 0

4 6
1 0

4 4
1 1

1 1 3
8 2 4
6 6 8

la matrice adjointe
adj (A) =
t
(A
ij
) =
_
_
1 8 6
1 2 6
3 4 8
_
_
la matrice inverse
A
1
=
1
det(A)
adj (A) =
1
10
_
_
1 8 6
1 2 6
3 4 8
_
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 4
1). det(A) =
_
4 (1) 1 + 2 6 + 0
_

_
6 (1) + 0 + 4
_
= 10 = A
1
existe
la matrice cofacteur de A

1 0
2 1

1 0
1 1

1 1
1 2

4 6
2 1

4 6
1 1

4 4
1 2

4 6
1 0

4 6
1 0

4 4
1 1

1 1 3
8 2 4
6 6 8

la matrice adjointe
adj (A) =
t
(A
ij
) =
_
_
1 8 6
1 2 6
3 4 8
_
_
la matrice inverse
A
1
=
1
det(A)
adj (A) =
1
10
_
_
1 8 6
1 2 6
3 4 8
_
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 4
1). det(A) =
_
4 (1) 1 + 2 6 + 0
_

_
6 (1) + 0 + 4
_
= 10 = A
1
existe
la matrice cofacteur de A

1 0
2 1

1 0
1 1

1 1
1 2

4 6
2 1

4 6
1 1

4 4
1 2

4 6
1 0

4 6
1 0

4 4
1 1

1 1 3
8 2 4
6 6 8

la matrice adjointe
adj (A) =
t
(A
ij
) =
_
_
1 8 6
1 2 6
3 4 8
_
_
la matrice inverse
A
1
=
1
det(A)
adj (A) =
1
10
_
_
1 8 6
1 2 6
3 4 8
_
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
2). transformation du syst`eme dequations lineaires en matrices :
A
.
_
_
4 4 6
1 1 0
1 2 1
_
_
_
_
x
y
z
_
_
.
X
=
Y
.
_
_
1
0
1
_
_
X = A
1
Y
=
1
10
_
_
1 8 6
1 2 6
3 4 8
_
_
_
_
1
0
1
_
_
=
_
_
0.5
0.5
0.5
_
_

_
_
_
x = 0.5
y = 0.5
z = 0.5
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
2). transformation du syst`eme dequations lineaires en matrices :
A
.
_
_
4 4 6
1 1 0
1 2 1
_
_
_
_
x
y
z
_
_
.
X
=
Y
.
_
_
1
0
1
_
_
X = A
1
Y
=
1
10
_
_
1 8 6
1 2 6
3 4 8
_
_
_
_
1
0
1
_
_
=
_
_
0.5
0.5
0.5
_
_

_
_
_
x = 0.5
y = 0.5
z = 0.5
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 5
1). det(M) = 1 2 () = 2 +
2
= 0
= la matrice M est toujours inversible, quel que soit .
2).
M
1
=
1
2 +
2
_
2
1
_
=
_
2
2+
2

2+
2

2+
2
1
2+
2
_
Syst`eme dequations Matrice
M (avec =5)
.
_
1 5
5 2
__
x
y
_
.
X
=
U
.
_
7
8
_
X = M
1
U
=
_
2
27
5
27
5
27
1
27
__
7
8
_
=
_
2
1
_

_
x = 2
y = 1
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 5
1). det(M) = 1 2 () = 2 +
2
= 0
= la matrice M est toujours inversible, quel que soit .
2).
M
1
=
1
2 +
2
_
2
1
_
=
_
2
2+
2

2+
2

2+
2
1
2+
2
_
Syst`eme dequations Matrice
M (avec =5)
.
_
1 5
5 2
__
x
y
_
.
X
=
U
.
_
7
8
_
X = M
1
U
=
_
2
27
5
27
5
27
1
27
__
7
8
_
=
_
2
1
_

_
x = 2
y = 1
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 5
1). det(M) = 1 2 () = 2 +
2
= 0
= la matrice M est toujours inversible, quel que soit .
2).
M
1
=
1
2 +
2
_
2
1
_
=
_
2
2+
2

2+
2

2+
2
1
2+
2
_
Syst`eme dequations Matrice
M (avec =5)
.
_
1 5
5 2
__
x
y
_
.
X
=
U
.
_
7
8
_
X = M
1
U
=
_
2
27
5
27
5
27
1
27
__
7
8
_
=
_
2
1
_

_
x = 2
y = 1
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 5
1). det(M) = 1 2 () = 2 +
2
= 0
= la matrice M est toujours inversible, quel que soit .
2).
M
1
=
1
2 +
2
_
2
1
_
=
_
2
2+
2

2+
2

2+
2
1
2+
2
_
Syst`eme dequations Matrice
M (avec =5)
.
_
1 5
5 2
__
x
y
_
.
X
=
U
.
_
7
8
_
X = M
1
U
=
_
2
27
5
27
5
27
1
27
__
7
8
_
=
_
2
1
_

_
x = 2
y = 1
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 6
Methode 1 : Gausse
_
_
_
5x + 2y + 3z = 17 (1)
3x + 4y + 6z = 20 (2)
2x + 4y + z = 13 (3)

_
_
_
5x + 2y + 3z = 17 (1)
0 +
14
5
y +
21
5
z =
49
5
(2)

= (2)
3
5
(1)
0 +
16
5
y
1
5
z =
31
5
(3)

= (3)
2
5
(1)

_
_
_
5x + 2y + 3z = 17 (1)
0 +
14
5
y +
21
5
z =
49
5
(2)

= (2)
3
5
(1)
0 + 0 5z = 5 (3)

= (3)

16
14
(2)

_
_
_
x = 2
y = 2
z = 1
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 6
Methode 1 : Gausse
_
_
_
5x + 2y + 3z = 17 (1)
3x + 4y + 6z = 20 (2)
2x + 4y + z = 13 (3)

_
_
_
5x + 2y + 3z = 17 (1)
0 +
14
5
y +
21
5
z =
49
5
(2)

= (2)
3
5
(1)
0 +
16
5
y
1
5
z =
31
5
(3)

= (3)
2
5
(1)

_
_
_
5x + 2y + 3z = 17 (1)
0 +
14
5
y +
21
5
z =
49
5
(2)

= (2)
3
5
(1)
0 + 0 5z = 5 (3)

= (3)

16
14
(2)

_
_
_
x = 2
y = 2
z = 1
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 6
Methode 1 : Gausse
_
_
_
5x + 2y + 3z = 17 (1)
3x + 4y + 6z = 20 (2)
2x + 4y + z = 13 (3)

_
_
_
5x + 2y + 3z = 17 (1)
0 +
14
5
y +
21
5
z =
49
5
(2)

= (2)
3
5
(1)
0 +
16
5
y
1
5
z =
31
5
(3)

= (3)
2
5
(1)

_
_
_
5x + 2y + 3z = 17 (1)
0 +
14
5
y +
21
5
z =
49
5
(2)

= (2)
3
5
(1)
0 + 0 5z = 5 (3)

= (3)

16
14
(2)

_
_
_
x = 2
y = 2
z = 1
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 6
Methode 1 : Gausse
_
_
_
5x + 2y + 3z = 17 (1)
3x + 4y + 6z = 20 (2)
2x + 4y + z = 13 (3)

_
_
_
5x + 2y + 3z = 17 (1)
0 +
14
5
y +
21
5
z =
49
5
(2)

= (2)
3
5
(1)
0 +
16
5
y
1
5
z =
31
5
(3)

= (3)
2
5
(1)

_
_
_
5x + 2y + 3z = 17 (1)
0 +
14
5
y +
21
5
z =
49
5
(2)

= (2)
3
5
(1)
0 + 0 5z = 5 (3)

= (3)

16
14
(2)

_
_
_
x = 2
y = 2
z = 1
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Methode 2 : Cramer
A =
_
_
5 2 3
3 4 6
2 4 1
_
_
, X =
_
_
x
y
z
_
_
, U =
_
_
17
20
13
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
x =
1
det(A)

17 2 3
20 4 6
13 4 1

= 2
y =
1
det(A)

5 17 3
3 20 6
2 13 1

= 2
z =
1
det(A)

5 2 17
3 4 20
2 4 13

= 1
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Methode 3 : Matrice inverse

det(A) = 70

A
ij
=
_
_
20 9 4
10 1 16
0 21 14
_
_

adj (A) =
_
_
20 10 0
9 1 21
4 16 14
_
_

A
1
=
1
det(A)
adj (A) =
1
70
_
_
20 10 0
9 1 21
4 16 14
_
_
X = A
1
U =
_
_
2
2
1
_
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 7
- le nombre de type A, a
- le nombre de type B, b
- le nombre de type C, c
_
_
_
a + b + c = 72
5a + 3b + 2c = 270
42a + 21b + 7c = 2037
=
M
.
_
_
1 1 1
5 3 2
42 21 7
_
_
_
_
a
b
c
_
_
.
X
=
U
.
_
_
72
270
2037
_
_

det(M) = 7 = 0 M
1
existe

adj (M) =
_
_
21 14 1
49 35 3
21 21 2
_
_

M
1
=
1
det(M)
adj (M) =
_
_
3 2
1
7
7 5
3
7
3 3
2
7
_
_

X = M
1
U =
_
_
33
27
12
_
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 7
- le nombre de type A, a
- le nombre de type B, b
- le nombre de type C, c
_
_
_
a + b + c = 72
5a + 3b + 2c = 270
42a + 21b + 7c = 2037
=
M
.
_
_
1 1 1
5 3 2
42 21 7
_
_
_
_
a
b
c
_
_
.
X
=
U
.
_
_
72
270
2037
_
_

det(M) = 7 = 0 M
1
existe

adj (M) =
_
_
21 14 1
49 35 3
21 21 2
_
_

M
1
=
1
det(M)
adj (M) =
_
_
3 2
1
7
7 5
3
7
3 3
2
7
_
_

X = M
1
U =
_
_
33
27
12
_
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 7
- le nombre de type A, a
- le nombre de type B, b
- le nombre de type C, c
_
_
_
a + b + c = 72
5a + 3b + 2c = 270
42a + 21b + 7c = 2037
=
M
.
_
_
1 1 1
5 3 2
42 21 7
_
_
_
_
a
b
c
_
_
.
X
=
U
.
_
_
72
270
2037
_
_

det(M) = 7 = 0 M
1
existe

adj (M) =
_
_
21 14 1
49 35 3
21 21 2
_
_

M
1
=
1
det(M)
adj (M) =
_
_
3 2
1
7
7 5
3
7
3 3
2
7
_
_

X = M
1
U =
_
_
33
27
12
_
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 7
- le nombre de type A, a
- le nombre de type B, b
- le nombre de type C, c
_
_
_
a + b + c = 72
5a + 3b + 2c = 270
42a + 21b + 7c = 2037
=
M
.
_
_
1 1 1
5 3 2
42 21 7
_
_
_
_
a
b
c
_
_
.
X
=
U
.
_
_
72
270
2037
_
_

det(M) = 7 = 0 M
1
existe

adj (M) =
_
_
21 14 1
49 35 3
21 21 2
_
_

M
1
=
1
det(M)
adj (M) =
_
_
3 2
1
7
7 5
3
7
3 3
2
7
_
_

X = M
1
U =
_
_
33
27
12
_
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 7
- le nombre de type A, a
- le nombre de type B, b
- le nombre de type C, c
_
_
_
a + b + c = 72
5a + 3b + 2c = 270
42a + 21b + 7c = 2037
=
M
.
_
_
1 1 1
5 3 2
42 21 7
_
_
_
_
a
b
c
_
_
.
X
=
U
.
_
_
72
270
2037
_
_

det(M) = 7 = 0 M
1
existe

adj (M) =
_
_
21 14 1
49 35 3
21 21 2
_
_

M
1
=
1
det(M)
adj (M) =
_
_
3 2
1
7
7 5
3
7
3 3
2
7
_
_

X = M
1
U =
_
_
33
27
12
_
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 7
- le nombre de type A, a
- le nombre de type B, b
- le nombre de type C, c
_
_
_
a + b + c = 72
5a + 3b + 2c = 270
42a + 21b + 7c = 2037
=
M
.
_
_
1 1 1
5 3 2
42 21 7
_
_
_
_
a
b
c
_
_
.
X
=
U
.
_
_
72
270
2037
_
_

det(M) = 7 = 0 M
1
existe

adj (M) =
_
_
21 14 1
49 35 3
21 21 2
_
_

M
1
=
1
det(M)
adj (M) =
_
_
3 2
1
7
7 5
3
7
3 3
2
7
_
_

X = M
1
U =
_
_
33
27
12
_
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 8
1,a). x + 3y 3z = 3 A =
_
_
3 1 1
1 1 2
1 3 3
_
_
det(A) = 0
1,b). si 3x + 3y 3z = 3
A
.
_
_
3 1 1
1 1 2
3 3 3
_
_
_
_
x
y
z
_
_
.
X
=
U
.
_
_
1
2
3
_
_

det(A) = 6 = 0

A
ij
=
_
_
3 9 6
4 12 12
3 4 4
_
_

adj (A) =
t
(A
ij
) =
_
_
3 4 3
9 12 4
6 12 4
_
_

A
1
=
1
det(A)
adj (A) =
_
_
1
2
2
3
1
2
3
2
2
2
3
1 2
2
3
_
_

X = A
1
U =
_
_

2
3

1
2
7
_
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 8
1,a). x + 3y 3z = 3 A =
_
_
3 1 1
1 1 2
1 3 3
_
_
det(A) = 0
1,b). si 3x + 3y 3z = 3
A
.
_
_
3 1 1
1 1 2
3 3 3
_
_
_
_
x
y
z
_
_
.
X
=
U
.
_
_
1
2
3
_
_

det(A) = 6 = 0

A
ij
=
_
_
3 9 6
4 12 12
3 4 4
_
_

adj (A) =
t
(A
ij
) =
_
_
3 4 3
9 12 4
6 12 4
_
_

A
1
=
1
det(A)
adj (A) =
_
_
1
2
2
3
1
2
3
2
2
2
3
1 2
2
3
_
_

X = A
1
U =
_
_

2
3

1
2
7
_
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 8
1,a). x + 3y 3z = 3 A =
_
_
3 1 1
1 1 2
1 3 3
_
_
det(A) = 0
1,b). si 3x + 3y 3z = 3
A
.
_
_
3 1 1
1 1 2
3 3 3
_
_
_
_
x
y
z
_
_
.
X
=
U
.
_
_
1
2
3
_
_

det(A) = 6 = 0

A
ij
=
_
_
3 9 6
4 12 12
3 4 4
_
_

adj (A) =
t
(A
ij
) =
_
_
3 4 3
9 12 4
6 12 4
_
_

A
1
=
1
det(A)
adj (A) =
_
_
1
2
2
3
1
2
3
2
2
2
3
1 2
2
3
_
_

X = A
1
U =
_
_

2
3

1
2
7
_
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 8
1,a). x + 3y 3z = 3 A =
_
_
3 1 1
1 1 2
1 3 3
_
_
det(A) = 0
1,b). si 3x + 3y 3z = 3
A
.
_
_
3 1 1
1 1 2
3 3 3
_
_
_
_
x
y
z
_
_
.
X
=
U
.
_
_
1
2
3
_
_

det(A) = 6 = 0

A
ij
=
_
_
3 9 6
4 12 12
3 4 4
_
_

adj (A) =
t
(A
ij
) =
_
_
3 4 3
9 12 4
6 12 4
_
_

A
1
=
1
det(A)
adj (A) =
_
_
1
2
2
3
1
2
3
2
2
2
3
1 2
2
3
_
_

X = A
1
U =
_
_

2
3

1
2
7
_
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 8
1,a). x + 3y 3z = 3 A =
_
_
3 1 1
1 1 2
1 3 3
_
_
det(A) = 0
1,b). si 3x + 3y 3z = 3
A
.
_
_
3 1 1
1 1 2
3 3 3
_
_
_
_
x
y
z
_
_
.
X
=
U
.
_
_
1
2
3
_
_

det(A) = 6 = 0

A
ij
=
_
_
3 9 6
4 12 12
3 4 4
_
_

adj (A) =
t
(A
ij
) =
_
_
3 4 3
9 12 4
6 12 4
_
_

A
1
=
1
det(A)
adj (A) =
_
_
1
2
2
3
1
2
3
2
2
2
3
1 2
2
3
_
_

X = A
1
U =
_
_

2
3

1
2
7
_
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 8
1,a). x + 3y 3z = 3 A =
_
_
3 1 1
1 1 2
1 3 3
_
_
det(A) = 0
1,b). si 3x + 3y 3z = 3
A
.
_
_
3 1 1
1 1 2
3 3 3
_
_
_
_
x
y
z
_
_
.
X
=
U
.
_
_
1
2
3
_
_

det(A) = 6 = 0

A
ij
=
_
_
3 9 6
4 12 12
3 4 4
_
_

adj (A) =
t
(A
ij
) =
_
_
3 4 3
9 12 4
6 12 4
_
_

A
1
=
1
det(A)
adj (A) =
_
_
1
2
2
3
1
2
3
2
2
2
3
1 2
2
3
_
_

X = A
1
U =
_
_

2
3

1
2
7
_
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
Excercice 8
1,a). x + 3y 3z = 3 A =
_
_
3 1 1
1 1 2
1 3 3
_
_
det(A) = 0
1,b). si 3x + 3y 3z = 3
A
.
_
_
3 1 1
1 1 2
3 3 3
_
_
_
_
x
y
z
_
_
.
X
=
U
.
_
_
1
2
3
_
_

det(A) = 6 = 0

A
ij
=
_
_
3 9 6
4 12 12
3 4 4
_
_

adj (A) =
t
(A
ij
) =
_
_
3 4 3
9 12 4
6 12 4
_
_

A
1
=
1
det(A)
adj (A) =
_
_
1
2
2
3
1
2
3
2
2
2
3
1 2
2
3
_
_

X = A
1
U =
_
_

2
3

1
2
7
_
_
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
2).
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
x + y 3z = 1 (L
1
)
2x + y 2z = 1 (L
2
)
x + y + z = 3 (L
3
)
x + 2y 3z = 1 (L
4
)
En prenant en compte (L
1
), (L
3
) et (L
4
), on trouve
_
_
_
x =
5
2
y = 0
z =
1
2
mais ce
resultat ne verie pas (L
2
) = solution
3).
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
3x + 2y + z = 5 (L
1
)
2x + 3y + z = 1 (L
2
)
2x + y + 3z = 11 (L
3
)
x + 2y + 3z = 7 (L
4
)
En utilisant (L
1
), (L
2
) et (L
3
), on a
_
_
_
x = 2
y = 2
z = 3
Mettons le resultat dans lequation (L
4
) = verie
TD 2
Exercice 1
Exercice 2
Exercice 3
Exercice 4
Exercice 5
Exercice 6
Exercice 7
Exercice 8
2).
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
x + y 3z = 1 (L
1
)
2x + y 2z = 1 (L
2
)
x + y + z = 3 (L
3
)
x + 2y 3z = 1 (L
4
)
En prenant en compte (L
1
), (L
3
) et (L
4
), on trouve
_
_
_
x =
5
2
y = 0
z =
1
2
mais ce
resultat ne verie pas (L
2
) = solution
3).
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
3x + 2y + z = 5 (L
1
)
2x + 3y + z = 1 (L
2
)
2x + y + 3z = 11 (L
3
)
x + 2y + 3z = 7 (L
4
)
En utilisant (L
1
), (L
2
) et (L
3
), on a
_
_
_
x = 2
y = 2
z = 3
Mettons le resultat dans lequation (L
4
) = verie