B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC DN LP K THUT CNG NGH TP.

H CH MINH
KHOA IN IN T

BO CO NGHIN CU KHOA HC SINH VIN

ti:

NGHIN CU S DNG CHIP VI IU KHIN AVR V NG DNG TRONG TRUYN D LIU KHNG DY

SVTH : LIN MINH DNG MSSV : 00T025 LP :00T1

Nin kho 2000 2005

Phn I: Tng quan v ti I.1 t vn I.2 Mc tiu ti Phn II: Ni dung ca ti II.1 Gii thiu s lc vi iu khin AVR AT908535 I.1.1 M t 1.1.2 t tnh ca AT90S8535 II.2 Thit k v thi cng II.2.1 S khi v cu trc ca h thng II.2.2 Thit k h thng pht II.2.2.1 Nguyn l hot ng II.2.2.2 Thit k phn cng II.2.3 Thit k h thng thu d liu II.2.3.1 Nguyn l hot ng II.2.3.2 Thit k phn cng Phn III : Kt lun III.1 Thi cng III.2 ngha khoa hc v ng dng thc tin III.2.1 ngha khoa hc III.2.2 ng dng thc tin III.3 Kt lun Phn IV : Ti liu tham kho

Trang 1 Trang 1 Trang 2 Trang 2 Trang 4 Trang 6 Trang 6 Trang 7 Trang 7 Trang 7 Trang 10 Trang 10 Trang 11 Trang 13 Trang 13 Trang 13 Trang 14 Trang 14

: TNG QUAN TI
PHN I I.1 t vn
Ngy nay, nhng ng dng ca Vi iu khin i su vo i sng sinh hot v sn xut ca con ngi. Thc t hin nay l hu ht cc thit b in dn dng hin nay u c s gp mt ca Vi iu Khin v vi x l . ng dng vi iu khin trong thit k h thng lm gim chi ph thit k v h gi thnh sn phm ng thi nng cao tnh n nh ca thit b v h thng. Trn th trng c rt nhiu h vi iu khin: h 8051 ca Intel, 68HC11 ca Motorola, Z80 ca hng Eilog, PIC ca hng Microchip, H8 ca Hitachi,vv.. v cui cng l AVR ca hng Atmel. AVR l h Vi iu khin kh mi trn th trng cng nh i vi ngi s dng. y l h VK c ch to theo kin trc RISC (Reduced Intruction Set Computer) c cu trc kh phc tp. Ngoi cc tnh nng nh cc h VK khc, n cn tch hp nhiu tnh nng mi rt tin li cho ngi thit k v lp trnh. S ra i ca AVR bt ngun t yu cu thc t l hu ht khi cn lp trnh cho vi iu khin, chng ta thng dng nhng ngn ng bc cao HLL (Hight Level Language) lp trnh ngay c vi loi chip x l 8 bit trong ngn ng C l ngn ng ph bin nht. Tuy nhin khi bin dch th kch thc on m s tng nhiu so vi dng ngn ng Assembly. Hng Atmel nhn thy rng cn phi pht trin mt cu trc c bit cho ngn ng C gim thiu s chnh lch kch thc m ni trn . V kt qu l h vi iu khin AVR ra i vi vic lm gim kch thc on m khi bin dch v thm vo l thc hin lnh ng n chu k my vi 32 thanh ghi tch ly v t tc nhanh hn cc h vi iu khin khc t 4 n 12 ln. V th nghin cu AVR l mt ti kh l th v gip cho sinh vin bit thm mt h vi iu khin vo loi mnh nht hin nay. Ngy nay cng ngh khng dy ang pht trin rt mnh . Vi cc thit b khng dy ngy cng hin i cho php ngi s dng tha mn nhng nhu cu v gii tr cng nh trong iu khin sn xut m khng cn dy ni. N thc s tin ch v to cm gic thoi mi cho ngi s dng. Truyn tn hiu s khng dy l mt ti c nhiu ng dng thc t nht l trong lnh vc iu khin t xa v truyn s liu.

I.2 Mc tiu ti
Nghin cu v AVR v cc vn lin quan nh thi cng mch np, cc chng trnh phn mm h tr lp trnh. Lp trnh chip AT90S8535 s dng b ADC 10 bit ly mu tn hiu v truyn tn hiu dng song song 4 bit. Kho st kh nng truyn d v tm xa ca module thu pht v tuyn ca b chung s bn trn th trng. ng dng b thu pht v tuyn cho vic truyn tn hiu c s ho truyn i xa.

: NI DUNG TI
PHN II II.1 GII THIU S LC VI IU KHIN AVR AT90S8535 II.1.1 M t
AT 90S8535 l b vi iu khin CMOS 8 bit tiu th in nng thp da trn kin trc RISC. Vi cng ngh ny cho php cc lnh thc thi ch trong mt chu k nhp xung, v th tc x l d liu c th t n 1 triu lnh trn giy tn s 1 Mhz. Vi iu khin ny cho php ngi thit k c th ti u ho mc tiu th nng lng m vn m bo tc x l. Phn ct li ca AVR kt hp tp lnh phong ph v s lng vi 32 thanh ghi lm vic a nng. Ton b 32 thanh ghi u c ni trc tip vi ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), cho php truy cp 2 thanh ghi c lp bng mt chu k xung nhp. Kin trc t c c tc x l nhanh gp 10 ln vi iu khin dng CISC thng thng.

Hnh II.1 di y th hin s cu trc bn trong ca AT90S8535.

Hnh II.1 S cu trc ca AVR AT 90S8535

II.1.2 c tnh ca AT90S8535

c ch to theo kin trc RISC, hiu cao v in nng tiu th thp B lnh gm 118 lnh, hu ht u thc thi ch trong mt chu k xung nhp 32x8 thanh ghi lm vic a dng. 8KB Flash ROM lp trnh c ngay trn h thng o Giao din ni tip SPI cho php lp trnh ngay trn h thng o Cho php 1000 ln ghi/xo B EEPROM 512 byte . o Cho php 100.000 ghi/xo. B nh SRAM 512 byte. B bin i ADC 8 knh, 10 bit . 32 ng I/O lp trnh c B truyn ni tip bt ng b vn nng UART Vcc=2.7V n 6V Tc lm vic: 0 n 8 Mhz Tc x l lnh n 8 MIPS 8 MHz ngha l 8 triu lnh trn giy B m thi gian thc (RTC) vi b dao ng v ch m tch bit 2 b Timer 8 bit v 1 b Timer 16 bit vi ch so snh v chia tn s tch bit v ch bt mu. Ba knh iu ch rng xung PWM C n 13 interrupt ngoi v trong B nh thi Watchdog lp trnh c. t ng reset khi treo my B so snh tng t Ba ch ng : ch ri (Idle), tit kim in ( Power save) v ch Power Down Sau y l bng so snh nhng c tnh gia AT90S8535 vi h AT89C51. Bng 1: c tnh Flash ROM EEPROM RAM ni B Timer AT90S8535 AT89C51 - 8K Byte c th lp trnh trn -4 KB h thng - 512 byte - 512 byte SRAM -2 b timer 8 bit - 1 b timer 16 bit - 1 b watchdog timer - Khng - 128 byte RAM - 2 b timer 16 bit

B ADC Giao thc truyn ni tip ch/t B PWM B truyn ni tip UART B so snh tng t Ngun ngt (Interrupt) Tn s hot ng in p tiu th

- 1 b ADC 8 knh 10 bit - C

- Khng - Khng

- B iu ch PWN 8-,9-v 10- - Khng bit - C 2 ch -C - C 17 ngun ngt - 0 8 Mhz Thch anh 4 Mhz , VCC=3V: - Trng thi tch cc : 6.4mA - Trng thi ri : 1.9mA - Trng Power Down : < 1 uA - C 4 ch - Khng - C 6 ngun ngt - (0 24 Mhz)/12 Thch anh VCC=3V: 12Mhz,

-Trng thi tch cc : 20 mA -Trng thi ri : 5 mA -Trng Power Down : < 40 uA - 17.000

Gi thnh ( ti th trng Vit Nam)

- 110.000

Qua bng so snh c th thy rng AT908535 khng nhng tha k nhng u im ca AT89C51 m cn c nhng c tnh mi kh hon thin, hiu sut cao hn hn v tc x l cao gp nhiu. Tuy nhin mt tr ngi ln l gi thnh cn kh cao (c th mt phn do cha c s dng rng ri).

II.2 THIT K V THI CNG MCH II.2.1 S khi v cu trc ca h thng

B cm bin nhit ..

VREF DATA IN

ADC

Module m ho tn hiu v pht RF AT 90S8535

Hnh II.2 S khi bn pht I

Module thu RF

Gii m tn hiu ni tip ra song song

VK

AT 89C2051

Khi hin th

H II.3 S khi bn thu

ADC ( Analog to Digital Convert ) : b chuyn i tn hiu tng t sang tn hiu s UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter):b thu pht tn hiu bt ng b vn nng RF (Radio Frequency) : sng v tuyn

II.2.2 Thit k phn h thng pht

II.2.2.1. Nguyn l hot ng Tn hiu tng t c th trong ti ny l tn hiu nhit ly t IC cm bin LM35 s c chuyn i sang tn hiu s nh b ADC tch hp sn trong AVR . Ta c th ly tn hiu nhit khc nhau thng qua 8 b cm bin LM35. Tn hiu mi ni c xem nh mt knh v ln lc c chuyn i ADC theo qui tc hi vng. Sau khi chuyn i xong tn hiu ca mt knh, d liu lc ny l 10 bit, d dng trong x l ta ch xt 8 bit (tc b 2 bit cao). AVR s chia 8 bit thnh 2 na 4 bit v gi n b m ho. B m ho mi ln thc hin m ho 4 bit d liu km theo 8 bit a ch xc nh module thu no c quyn nhn . Tn hiu ng ra b m ho lc ny l tn hiu s dng ni tip s c a vo module pht. Ti y tn hiu s c iu ch ASK v c bc x ra Anten pht i. Module pht chnh l mch pht tn hiu ca b chung ca s c bn trn th trng. Mch pht ny c th pht khong cch 80 m n 100 m tu iu kin a hnh. II.2.2.2. Thit k phn cng h thng pht Nh ni trn vic tch hp sn b ADC trong chip gim i rt nhiu khi lng cng vic thit k c v phn cng v phn mm. Thay v phi thit k thm b ADC ngoi th vi b ADC tch hp sn, ta ch cn a tn hiu tng t cn chuyn i vo . Vic nh cu hnh hot ng bao gm cp xung clock, ch hot ng, tc chuyn i c th thc hin d dng bng cch nh gi tr cho cc thanh ghi chc nng ca b ADC. II.2.2.2.1 nh cu hnh cho b ADC : Ch hot ng : n chuyn i (Single Conversion Mode : chuyn i khng lin tc). Xung nhp : 7,3728(Mhz)/128 (dng thch anh 7.3728 Mhz). Chu k chuyn i : 13 dn 14 xung nhp . Tn s ly mu :4.43KSps ( trn 4,43 nghn mu/giy). Ngun ADC : 5V AREF (in p tham chiu ) : 5V Ring i vi module pht, ta ng dng mch remote ca b pht chung s c bn trn th trng. II.2.2.2.2 B m ho PT2262 y l b IC tch hp i cp l IC gii m PT2272. C chc nng m ha d liu v a ch dng song song thnh m dng ni tip ph hp vi cc module pht v tuyn v hng ngoi . 12 N c tt c 12 chn a ch 3 trng thi t cung cp s m a ch ln n 531.441 (3 ). V th n nng cao tnh bo mt v trnh trng hp truyn sai a ch hoc trng a ch.

S khi ca IC PT2262 :

Hot ng ca PT2262 nh sau: PT2262 s m ho cc a ch hay d liu t cc chn A0~A5 v A6/D5~A1/D0 thnh tn hiu c bit v xut ra ng Dout khi chn TE c t mc thp. Tn hiu ny s c cp vo b iu ch ca module pht hng ngoi hay v tuyn pht i xa. Mt khung truyn bao gm cc tn hiu thnh phn nh sau : 8 bit a ch 4 bit d liu Syn.Bit

Dng sng ca cc bit a ch v d liu :

Dng sng ca bit Syn (bit ng b):

: chu k ca xung clock

+VS GN 3

+VS GND

16 2

10 VCC 11 GND

30

S nguyn l khi pht tn hiu :

VCC

VCC

U2 LM35D/TO VOUT 2 R1 75 C4 1u CHANEL 1

VCC R6

J2 1 100 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 PB 1 3 4 5 6 7

U1 PB0/T0 PB1/T1 PB2/AIN0 PB3/AI N1 PB4/SS PB5/MOSI 8 PB6/MISO PB7/SCK 9 RESET 40

PA0/AD0 39 PA1/AD1 38 PA2/AD2 37 PA3/AD3 36 PA4/AD4 35 PA5/AD5 34 PA6/AD6 33 PA7/AD7 AREF AGND AVCC

CHANEL 1 CHANEL2

C3 0.1u

C1

C6 104

32 31

12 VCC 33p C2 LM35D/TO VOUT 2 R5 75 C5 1u J1 2 1 CON2 C7 104 VC C 33p CHANEL 2 17 18 19 20 21 7.3728Mh z ZT A XTAL2 13 14 15 XTAL1 PD0(RXD) PD1/TXD PD2/IN T0 PD3/INT1 PD4/OC1B PD5/OC1A PD6/ICP PD7/OC2 AT90S8535

29 PC7 28 PC6 27 PC5 26 PC4 25 PC3 24 PC2 23 PC1 22 PC0 / TE D3 D2 D1 D0 CON5 5 4 3 2 1 J3

U3

Mach chuyen oi tn hieu nhiet o

D liu 4 bit song song t AVR s c a vo cc chn d liu t D0 n D3 ca PT2262 v chn /TE s c a vo chn TE ca PT2262 cho php PT2262 m ho. Tn hiu t Dout ca PT2262 s a vo ng DATA IN ca module pht RF iu ch v bc x ra ngoi.
VCC

C7 2.2n

R4 1k

R2 100 Q1 A1015 C4 10p C6 18p L1 10uH C5 15p C8 103 E1 ANTENNA

R3 5K6 J2 3 2 1 CON3 VCC DATA IN

Hnh II.2.4 S o nguyen l y module phat

II.2.3 Thit k phn h thng thu

II.2.3.1 Nguyn l hot hng : Tn hiu ASK thu c module thu s c gii iu ch cho ra dng xung ni tip. Sau tn hiu ni tip qua b sa khi phc dng xung vung . Khi t c dng sng nh bn pht, tn hiu ny s c a qua b gii m IC PT227 . PT2272 sau khi kim tra ng a ch s thc hin gii m xut ra tn hiu song song 4 bit. Vi iu khin 89C2051 s c vo 2 ln tn hiu 4 bit ghp thnh 1 byte sau thc hin x l v hin th ra LED 7 on. Hot ng ca IC PT2272 IC PT 2272 s trong trng thi ch khi bt ngun, khi c tn hiu t b m ho th s xut hin mt tn hiu ng DIN cho php nhn tn hiu. a ch a vo s c so snh phn a ch c quy nh sn trn cc chn a ch ca PT2272 . Sau khi so snh nu a ch ging nhau th d liu s c lu vo b nh m. Lc ny n vn tip tc so snh cc bit a ch 2 ln na nu ng th chn VT mi c kch thng bo rng d liu l hp l. Cc chn ng ra s c reset trc khi cht 4 bit data ng ra. thay i cc a ch ta ch cn iu chnh cng tc cc chn a ch t A0~A7 .C th thay th PT2262 bng HT12D

VS 8 S V 16 D 1 6D S V S8 8 16 VSS

10 VD D

8 VD D VS S VD D

VCC A B C D U4 7 A 1 B 2 C 6 D 3 VCC VCC R2 100 SW1 U1 4 R3 OUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 15 SW3 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 S W D IP -8 16 O SC2 D IN C1 33p Y1 C2 ZT A VT D8 D9 D1 0 D1 1 O SC1 R5 R SW2 18 11 12 13 14 VCC 33p 5 4 10K 1 U1 2 12 L4 L3 L2 L1 D C B A U6 A B C D VCC J4 1 2 CON 2 C8 104 A B C D L3 7 A 1 B 2 C 6 D 3 5 13 A 12 B 11 C 10 D 9 VCC L1 C5 C 4 LT 5 BI LE VCC VCC A B C D A 1 B 2 C 6 D 3 LT 4 BI 5 LE VCC 7 U5 13 A 12 B 11 C 10 D 9 E 15 F 14 G 4511 R1 2 R1 3 R1 4 R1 5 R 6 R1 7 R 8 R R R R R1 9 R2 0 R2 1 R2 2 R 3 R 4 R2 5 R R R R R2 6 R2 7 R2 8 R2 9 R 0 R 1 R 2 R R R R a3 b3 c3 d3 e3 f3 g3 b4 a4 a4 b4 c4 d4 e4 f4 g4 f4 g4 6 f3 g3 b3 a3 a2 b2 c2 d2 e2 f2 g2 b2 a2 f2 g2 R3 R4 R7 R8 R R 0 R1 1 R R R R U8 10 g p 9 f c 8 VCCVCC. 7 a d 6 b le d 7 d 1 U9 6 1 e 2 7 b a d 8 3 VCCVCC. 9 4 f c 10 5 g p le d 7 d 2 U1 0 e2 d2 c2 e 5 4 3 2 1 c1 d1 e1

13 12

B 11 C 10 D 9 E 15 F 14 G 4511

a1 b1 g1 c1 f1 d1 e1 a 1 f1 b1 g1

2 3 A0 A1 A2 5 A3 6 A4 7 HT1 2D /S O A5 8 A6 9 A7

RST/VP P

XTA L 1 XTA L 2

P1.0/AI N0 13 P1.1/AI N1 14 P 1.2 15 P 1.3 16 P 1.4 17 P 1.5 18 P 1.6 19 P 1.7

L2

II.2.3.2 Thi?t k? ph?n c?ng

2 3 P 3.0/ RXD P 3.1/TXD 6 7 P 3.2/ I NTO P 3.3/ I NT1 8 P 3.4/T0 9 P 3.5/T1 11 P 3. 7 AT8 9C2 0 5 1

6 b 7 8 9 10 a f g le d 7 d 3 U1 1

e d c p

1 2 3 4 5

e3 d3

VCCVCC.

c3

S? ?? nguy?n l? c?a m?ch :

RO S C 17

E 15 F LT BI G 14 4511 LE VCC

e4 d4 c4

oi k e n h Mach n g u y e ly h e thong n thu

U7 7 A 1 B 2 C 6 D 3 4 LT 5 BI LE 4511

L4

13 A 12 B 11 C 10 D 9 E 15 F 14 G

b e 7 2 a d 8 3 VCCVCC. 9 4 f c 10 5 g p le d 7 d 4

VD D

V1 9 SS

VC C 20

VCC R5 4 7 0 k R4 2 2 0 K R2 2 M C4 1 0 0 p F R6 4 7 k VCC VCC R1 1 L 2 1 0 u H 4k7 VCC C6 8 p F C5 4p Q1 1915 C7 39pF C1 0 680pF R9 47k J1 VCC C8 R1 0 2 2 0 0 p F 7k5 D2 4148 R8 510 C9 2200pF CON3 OUT 1 2 3 1uF U1 F U1 E U1 D U1 A 414 8 R3 10k C2 1 0 0 p F VCC R7 470k 3 4 U1 B OUT

R1 1 M

C1 1 u F 13

C3 12 11 10 9 8 1 2 CD4 0 6 UB 9

14

D1

S? ?? nguy?n l? module thu v? tuy?n

L1 10uH

Hn hII.2.6 S o n g u y e l y m o d u le uRF n th

: KT LUN
PHN III III.1 THI CNG
thc hin thi cng mch pht v mch thu. Mch chy n nh, mch thu hin th nhit chnh xc. Ngoi ra cn thi cng cc mch h tr cho vic thc hin ti nh : mch np AVR.

III.2 NGHA KHOA HC V NG DNG THC TIN III.2.1 ngha khoa hc

y l mt h Vi iu Khin tuy xut hin kh lu nc ngoi, nhng i vi Vit Nam th vic tm hiu v ng dng h VK vn cn hn ch . Mc d hin nay h vi iu khin 8051 c s dng kh rng ri v rt quen thuc, tuy nhin nu ai tng lm quen vi AVR s thy rng Chip AVR c rt nhiu c tnh mi ni tri hn so vi h 8051 . L do chn Chip AVR c th l AVR AT90S8535 thc hin ti l : Th nht, AVR l h Vi iu khin mi c nhiu tnh nng, kh nng x l nhanh so vi cc h vi iu khin khc . Chip AT908535 (s dng thch anh 8Mhz) c tc nhanh gp 8 ln so vi Chip 89C51 (s dng thch anh 12Mhz), ng thi in nng tiu th thp . Hai l AT90S8535 c tch b ADC 10 bit 8 knh , c kh nng chng nhiu cao v c bit c th lp trnh chn xung nhp cp cho ADC . Vic tch hp b ADC s gim bt ng k thit k chi tit phn cng ng thi d dng kim sot ch hot ng ca ADC thng qua thanh ghi trng thi. Tc ly mu c th lp trnh c v c th t n 200 kSps ( 200 mu mt giy ) iu m cc b ADC ri t t n hoc gi thnh rt mc. ng dng chip AVR AT90S8535 trong vic chuyn i tn hiu tng t sang tn hiu s . Tn hiu tng t y l tn hiu in p c ly t cc b cm bin hay tn hiu m tn vv Sau khi chuyn i cc tn hiu t tng t sang tn hiu s, s tin hnh vic truyn tn hiu s t bn pht sang bn thu thng qua sng v tuyn c ly tng i. Pha bn b thu c nhim v phc hi tn hiu pht v x l hoc truyn v my tnh x l.

I.2.2 ng dng thc tin :

Vic nghin cu h Chip AVR s ch ra mt hng mi trong vic s dng vi iu khin, vi nhng tnh nng mi ngi thit k c th gim thi gian cho vic thit k phn cng v d dng hn trong vic thit k phn mm. V v th ti khng ch dng li trong vic s dng chip AVR m cn gii thiu n sinh vin v mt trong cc h Vi iu khin mnh nht hin nay. ti trn c th c ng dng trong vic bo qun hng ho . Trong cc kho cha hng ho c bit l cc loi hng ho cn nhit n nh trong bo qun, th vic theo di nhit khp phng l cn thit, bi nu c s chnh lch nhit gia cc gc phng th c th dn n h hi hng ho m ngi bo qun khng h hay bit. Thit k mt h thng theo di nhit cc v tr khc nhau trong mt kho hng s gip ngi bo qun c th gim st nhit trong kho mt cch hiu qu cng nh a nhng x l kp thi khi xy ra tnh trng nhit tng hay gim khng p ng tiu chun bo qun. Mt trong nhng ng dng thc t l trong ngnh kh tng thu vn . Thng thng cc trm kh tng thu vn thng t ti vng ni cao, him tr. Mi trm c nhng thit b t ri rc xung quanh v cch xa nhau. Do iu kin a hnh i ni nn gy rt kh khn cho nhn vin trm trong vic thu thp cc thng tin s liu nh nhit , tc gi V th nu xy

dng mt h thng truyn d liu khng dy s gip nhn vin trm khng cn di chuyn cc nhc m vn thu thp d liu mt cch y , thng xuyn v do chnh xc hn. Vi h thng trn gip chng ta c th thu thp d liu nhiu ni khc nhau, thm ch ti nhng ni c hi, nguy him hay nhng ni m vic dng dy dn kh thc hin c. Vi sng v tuyn ta c th d liu i xa vkhc phc hn ch v vt cn.

III.3 KT LUN
ti ch dng mc nghin cu nn ch thc hin vic ly mu tn hiu nhit ca 2 knh. Do dng module thu pht ca b chung ca s do Trung Quc sn xut c tnh n nh khng cao. Nu mun a vo ng dng thc tin th cn thay th mt s linh kin chuyn dng, v d dng b cm bin que o nhit thay cho LM35 o nhit chnh xc hn, hay b thu pht v tuyn chuyn dng truyn d liu..

: TI LIU THAM KHO

PHN IV
1 Datasheet AT90S4434/LS4434/S8535/LS8535 Preliminary (Complete) ca hng
Atmel Corporation. 2 TNG VN ON, L TIN THNG _ TRUYN D LIU S dng vi mch LSI _ i hc Bch Khoa TP. HCM. 3 NG DIN TP_ K thut Vi iu Khin AVR _ Nh Xut Bn Khoa Hc V K Thut. 4 HI V TUYN IN T VIT NAM _ TP CH IN T