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,, D =

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to se poklapa s naom ranijom definicijom determinante 2. reda. ,]UDXQDMPR GHWHUPLQDQWX  UHGD SR GHILQLFLML

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1 (0 4) 2 (12 20) + 3 (2 0) = 4 + 16 6 = 6.

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0 = 7

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a n 1 = ! = a1 = a 0 = 0 

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n n1 3ROLQRP QWRJ VWXSQMD Pn ( x) = an x + an1 x + " + a1 x + a0 LPD Q QXOWRDND LOL NRULMHQD X

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 2YDM WHRUHP NRULVWLPR X VOXDMX NDGD MH VW f (x) VW g (x) L X WRP VOXDMX MH VW s(x) VW f (x)  VW g (x) 

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(2 x

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)(

2x 4 4x 3
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15 x 1

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15 x 1 

(2 x

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)(

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f ( x) = x 12 3 x 8 + 3 x 4 1 = ( x 4 1) 3 = ( x 2 1) 3 ( x 2 + 1) 3 = ( x 1) 3 ( x + 1) 3 ( x 2 + 1) 3 f ( x) = x 3 3 x 2 + 4 = ( x + 1)( x 2) 2 f ( x) = x 3 x 2 x 2 = ( x 2)( x 2 + x + 1)

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x 0 5 f ( x 0 ) = y 0  SD LPD LQYHU]QX IXQNFLMX NRMD MH RSHW OLQHDUQD IXQNFLMD

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f ( x) = x 2 

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1 1  log 2 = 3  8 8

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E ( ) = (1,0) 


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y = f (x) 

y y 0 = f ( x 0 ) ( x x 0 )  ,] WRJD VOLMHGL JHRPHWULMVNR ]QDHQMH GHULYDFLMH

f x 0 x

x 0

lim

f ( x + x) f ( x) x

f ( x 0 )  SD MH WUDHQD MHGQDGED

$QDORJQR GR GHULYDFLMH GROD]LPR NRG RGUH LYDQMD EU]LQH JLEDQMD QHNRJ WLMHOD 1HND MH
s = s(t ) SULMH HQL SXW L]UDHQ NDR IXQNFLMD YUHPHQD

7DGD MH SURVMHQD EU]LQD v =

s(t 0 + t ) s(t 0 ) s(t + t) s(t0 )  D EU]LQD X WUHQXWNX t 0  v(t0 ) = lim 0  t 0 t t

6OLQR VH GHILQLUD L DNFHOHUDFLMD a(t0 ) = lim

v(t0 + t) v(t0 )  t 0 t

3ULPMHU  1D LPR MHGQDGEX WDQJHQWH QD NULYXOMX f ( x) = x 2 1 X WRNL x 0 W y y 0 = f ( x 0 ) ( x x 0 ) f ( x) = x 2 1 f ( x) = 2 x YLGL SULPMHU   f ( x 0 ) = 1 1 = 0  f ( x 0 ) = 2 1 = 2



x0

W y 0 = 2 ( x 1)
y = 2x 2

 3ULPMHU  1D LPR GHULYDFLMX IXQNFLMH f ( x) = x 2 1 

f (x)

lim
h 0
h 0

f ( x + h) f ( x ) h

lim

( x + h) 2 1 ( x 2 1) x 2 + 2 xh + h 2 1 x 2 + 1 = lim = h 0 h0 h h

lim(2 x + h) = 2 x

3ULPMHU  f ( x) =

1  f ( x) = ? x
x ( x + h) 1 1 x( x + h) 1 1 = 2 lim x + h x = lim = lim h 0 x( x + h) h 0 h0 h h x

f (x)

lim
h 0

f ( x + h) f ( x ) h

SUDYLOD GHULYLUDQMD

1D VOLDQ QDLQ GROD]L VH GR VOLMHGHH WDEOLFH GHULYDFLMD HOHPHQWDUQLK IXQNFLMD L RVQRYQLK

 y = C = NRQVWDQWD  y = x , 5  y = a x

y = 0

y = x 1

y = a x ln a SRVHEQR y = e x y = e x 
1 1 x ln a

SRVHEQR y = x y = 1 

 y = log a x  y = cos x  y = tgx  y = ctgx  y = arcsin x  y = arccos x  y = arctgx  y = arcctgx  y = sin x

y =

SRVHEQR y = ln x y =

1  x

y = cos x y = sin x y = y = 1 cos 2 x 1 sin 2 x

y = y =
y = y =

1 1 x2 1 1 x2
1 1+ x2 1 1+ x2

 3UDYLOD

 y = f ( x) g ( x)  y =

 y = f ( x) g ( x)

y = f ( x) g ( x) y = f ( x) g ( x) + f ( x) g ( x)

SRVHEQR y = C f (x) y = C f (x) 

f ( x) g ( x)

y =

f ( x) g ( x) f ( x) g ( x) g 2 ( x) dg df df dx

 y = ( g D f )( x) = g ( f ( x))

y = g ( f ( x)) f ( x) =

3ULPMHUL y = 3x 5 y = 15 x 4

y = 3 x y = x 3 y =

1 3 1 1 x = x 3 3

2 3

1 3 x2
3

y = 3x 7 13x 2 + 7 x + 11 y = 21x 6 26 x + 7
y = x 2 ln x y = 2 x ln x + x 2 1 x

y=

1 x 2 ( x + 5) 2 x x+5 y = x2 x4

y = (3 x 2 + x + 1) 4 y = 4(3 x 2 + x + 1) 3 (6 x + 1) y = cos(3x 2 + 1) y = sin(3x 2 + 1) 6 x y = cos(5 x 2 + x) 4 y = sin(5 x 2 + x) 4 4(5 x 2 + x) 3 (10 x + 1) y = sin 7 (11x + 5) y = 7 sin 6 (11x + 5) cos(11x + 5) 11 y = 10 x y = 10 x ln 10

y = 7 arcsin x y =

7 1 x2
1

1 2 x 1 2 y = arctg x y = = 1 + x 2 x (1 + x)



2. VIE DERIVACIJE I EKSTREMI

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f ( x) = lim
h0

f ( x + h) f ( x)  h

f ( x) = x 5 f ( x) = 5 x 4 f ( x) = 20 x 3 f ( x) = 60 x 2  LWG f ( x) = e x f ( x) = e x f ( x) = e x  LWG f ( x) = sin x f ( x) = cos x f ( x) = sin x f ( x) = cos x f

IV

( x) = sin x

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f ( x) = 12 x 30

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f ( x) = 6 x 2 30 x 36 = 0 x 2 5 x 6 = 0 x1 = 6, x 2 = 1 VWDFLRQDUQH WRNH

f (6) = 12 6 30 = 42 > 0

PLQLPXPD MH f (6) = 2 6 3 15 6 2 36 6 = 324

X x1 = 6 MH PLQLPXP L YULMHGQRVW WRJ

)XQNFLMD LPD PDNVLPXP X WRNL $  D PLQLPXP X WRNL %

WRJ PDNVLPXPD MH f (1) = 2 (1) 3 15 (1) 2 36 (1) = 19

f (1) = 12 (1) 30 = 42 < 0 X x 2 = 1 MH PDNVLPXP L YULMHGQRVW

3ULPMHU  2GUHGL HNVWUHPH IXQNFLMH f ( x) =

f ( x) =

x +1 2x 3

2YD MHGQDGED QHPD UMHHQMD SD IXQNFLMD QHPD VWDFLRQDUQX WRNX GDNOH QL HNVWUHPD

1 (2 x 3) ( x + 1) 2 2 x 3 2 x 2 5 = = =0 2 2 (2 x 3) (2 x 3) (2 x 3) 2



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NRRUGLQDWQRP VXVWDYX 3ULPMHU  f ( x) =

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x x2 + 4 3

1XOWRND IXQNFLMH MH x = 0 ishodite

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9HUWLNDOQX DVLPSWRWX QHPD D ]ERJ

lim f ( x) = lim

x 3 x + 4
2

= 0 MH

y=0

KRUL]RQWDOQD DVLPSWRWD .RVX DVLPSWRWX VWRJD QHPD

3 3 3 1 ( x 2 + ) x 2x x 2 + 2x 2 x2 + 4 4 4 =0 = = (NVWUHPL f ( x) = 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 (x + ) (x + ) (x + ) 4 4 4
x2

3 2 = 0 x1, 2 = VX VWDFLRQDUQH WRNH 4 3

x 3 4x 2 f ( ) < 0 L 4 3 3 (x 2 + ) 3
2 3

f ( x) = 2

f (

2 3

) > 0 IXQNFLMD LPD PDNVLPXP

X x1 =

2 3

 D PLQLPXP X x 2 =

f ( x) > 0 x > 0  f ( x) < 0 x < 0



3ULPMHU  f ( x) = 2 x 3 15 x 2 36 x

'RPHQD MH VNXS 5

1XOWRNH x(2 x 2 15 x 36) = 0 x1 = 0  x 2,3 = $VLPSWRWH QHPD %

15 225 + 288 15 22.6 9.4 = 4 4 1.9

(NVWUHPL YLGL SULPMHU  X SUHWKRGQRM WRNL PDNVLPXP MH $  PLQLPXP MH

3ULPMHU  f ( x) =

x x +4
2

 3ULPMHU  f ( x) =
x3 x2 4

3ULPMHU  f ( x) = + ln

4 x2 x 2 + 5x 6
[  [ 



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f (x) DNR YULMHGL F ( x) = f ( x)  RGQRVQR

dF ( x) = f ( x)  RGQRVQR dF ( x) = f ( x)dx  dx

3ULPMHUL

3ULPLWLYQD IXQNFLMD IXQNFLMH f ( x) = cos x MH F ( x) = sin x MHU MH (sin x) = cos x  3ULPLWLYQD IXQNFLMD IXQNFLMH f ( x) =

1 1 MH F ( x) = ln x MHU MH (ln x) =  x x 1 3 1 x MHU MH ( x 3 ) = x 2  3 3

3ULPLWLYQD IXQNFLMD IXQNFLMH f ( x) = x 2 MH F ( x) =

$NR MH F (x) SULPLWLYQD IXQNFLMD RG f (x)  WDGD MH L F ( x) + C  JGMH MH C 5 QHND NRQVWDQWD SULPLWLYQD IXQNFLMD RG f (x)  MHU YULMHGL
F1 ( x) + C 

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(F ( x) + C ) = F ( x) + 0 =

f ( x)  2EUDWQR DNR VX

F2 ( x)

(F2 ( x) F1 ( x) ) = F2 ( x) F1 ( x) =

f ( x ) f ( x) = 0

F2 ( x) F1 ( x) = C F2 ( x)

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f ( x)dx 

'DNOH

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F ( x) + C  LOL DN VDPR

f ( x)dx

f ( x)dx

Istaknimo jo jednom: 3ULPMHUL

f ( x)dx

F (x) F ( x) = f ( x) LOL dF ( x) = f ( x)dx 

x2 xdx = 2 + C

x2 = x = f ( x)  (Zato? Zato jer je + C 2

1  1+ x2

1+ x

dx

= arctgx + C MHU MH (arctgx + C ) =

7HRUHP

D $NR MH k 5 QHND NRQVWDQWD RQGD YULMHGL E

[ f ( x) g ( x)]dx = f ( x)dx g ( x)dx 

kf ( x)dx = k f ( x)dx 

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n x dx =

x n +1 , n 1 n +1

cos sin

dx
2

x x
2

= tgx = ctgx = arctgx

dx = ln x x
x

dx
2

dx = e x

1+ x

dx


x a dx =

ax ln a

dx 1 x2 dx x +1
2

= arcsin x = ln x + x 2 + 1 = ln x + x 2 1

sin xdx = cos x

cos xdx = sin x

dx x 1
2

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sin x x dx 

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f ( x)dx

f (t )dt 
1

f ( x)dx

SUHOD]L X

2 x + 1 = t (2 x + 1) dx = t dt 1 1 1 t6 1  (2 x + 1) 5 dx = 2dx = dt = t 5 dt = t 5 dt = = (2 x + 1) 6 2 2 2 6 12 dx = 1 dt 2


1 1 3URYMHUD (2 x + 1) 6 = 6(2 x + 1) 5 2 = (2 x + 1) 5  D WR MH ]DLVWD SRGLQWHJUDOQD 12 12

IXQNFLMD

x3 = t 2 1 1 1 2 3  x sin x dx = 3x dx = dt = sin t dt = cos t = cos x 3 3 3 3 2 1 x dx = dt 3 x + 2 = 3t dx dx dt 3dt 3 = = = = 2 t2 +1 = 2 2 x + 4x + 7 ( x + 2) + 3 dx = 3t 3t + 3 3 =



3 3 x+2 arctgt = arctg 3 3 3

1 x + 2 1+ 3
2

3 x + 2 3 arctg 3URYMHUD = 3 3 3

1 3

1 x + 4x + 7
2

1 + e x = t ex dt t 1 1 1 2  dx = x = = = 2 = t dt = x 2 1 t (1 + e ) t 1+ ex e dx = dt

x 2 = t 1 xdx dt 1 1  = 2 xdx = dt = = arctgt = arctgx 2 4 2 2 1+ t 2 2 1+ x 1 xdx = dt 2



tgxdx = cos x dx = sin xdx = dt =

sin x

cos x = t

dt = ln t = ln cos x t

0HWRGD SDUFLMDOQH LQWHJUDFLMH ]DGDQD MH IRUPXORP RGQRVQR

u( x)dv = u( x) v( x) v( x)du 

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udv = u v vdu . Ova metoda ne rjeava integral potpuno (po tome je i dobila

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u = e x du = e x dx x2 x2 x x x x 2 =e e dx  xe dx = e N = N xdx x 2 2 dv = xdx v = xdx = u dv 2

2GDYGH YLGLPR GD RYDM L]ERU ]D X L GY QLMH GREDU MHU MH

integrala. Pokuajmo s drugim izborom za X L GY

e x dx VORHQLML RG SROD]QRJ

u = x du = dx x x x x x xN N e dx = dv = e x dx v = e x dx = e x = x e e dx = x e e u dv

1 dx u = ln x du = x dx  ln x dx = NN = (ln x ) x x x = (ln x ) x x u dv dv = dx v = dx = x
1 3URYMHUD (x ln x x ) = ln x + x 1 = ln x + 1 1 = ln x x



cos xdx = x 2 sin x 2 x sin xdx = x 2 sin x + 2 x cos x 2 sin x



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f ( x) 0 ]D VYDNL x [a, b], a to smo i

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1 1 1 1 1 MH    , , , n 2 3 4 100

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a n 1 + a n +1  WM VYDNL ODQ RVLP SUYRJ 2

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lim a n = DNR MH G  
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a n+1 = q Q1 an

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3n 2 n (2n + 1) n =1

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A=
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lim n an = lim n
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n! . Pokuajmo ovo

rijeiti D'Alembertovim kriterijem:

3n+1 (n + 1)! (n + 1) n+1 3 nn 1 3 a lim = lim = 3 lim = lim n+1 = n n n n n (n + 1) n n a e 3 n! 1 n 1 + n n n

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