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26

Cover News
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27

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eJYqdkifwmawGu oDtdk&Dydkif;rSm rsm;
rsm;pm;pm;r&Sdayr,fh vuf&Sd jref
rmhEdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;
e,fy,fujyemawGtawmfrsm;
rsm;udak jz&Si;f &mrSm vufawGUtoH;k cs
vdYk&ygw,f/Balancing Act udk wcsKUd
u ]&SOv
hf nf;avQmufomysm; vnf;
pGJom}vdkY jyefcsifMuygw,f/ uRef
awmfuawmh'x
D uftao;pdww
f ,f?
tEkynmqefw,fvdkYxifygw,f/
(1)
ESpfaygif; 50 tmPm&Sif p
epfatmufrSmaecJh&wJhEkdifiH/ pdwf
ydkif;? kyfydkif;qkdif&mtppedrfhuscJh&
wJh vlaerI0ef;usif/ uRefawmfwdkY
,HMk unfwt
hJ rSew
f &m;ursO;f yg;yg;
av;rQom/ avQmuf&wJhvrf;u
vnf; BudK;wpfacsmif;ay:rSm t
csdefra&G;ajcacsmfoGm;Edkifygw,f/
'Dawmh rQajcudkzefwD;Ekdifaom t
Ekynm (Balancing Act ) uta&;
yg ygw,f/ tmPm&vlYtzGJUt
pnf; (wyfrawmfudktajccH) eJY t
wdkuftcH(vlxkudktajccH)? r@dKif
BuD;av;cktMum; wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;
0da&m"deJY tjyeftvSefxdef;ausmif;
rI? wdkif;&if;om;rsm;? tpdk;&? wyf
rawmftMum;rSm&SdwJh Nidrf;csrf;a&;
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aqmif a &;jyemtm;vH k ; [m
rsO;f yg;yg;av;ay:rSmom&Syd gw,f/
(2)
tck tpd k ; &eJ Y vT w f a wmf t
Mum;? tpdk;&eJYowif;rD'D,mawG
tMum; jyemawGjzpfyGm;ae&yg
w,f/ tpdk;&eJYvTwfawmfMum;jzpf
yGm;aewJjh yemrSmzGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccH
Oya'aMumifhvdkY oHk;oyfrIawG&SdNyD;
zGJUpnf;ykHcHkHk;eJYjyemawGjzpfyGm;
ae&ygw,f/ zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOy
a'taMumif;pOf;pm;&if t&rf;arm
ygw,f/ 92 &mcdkifEIef;xJrSm udk,f
rygwmaocsmwJhtwGuf 0rf;omrd
ygw,f/ jynfoltrsm;pkvnf; 'D
vdkpdwfESvHk;oGif;NyD; 0rf;omMuyg
vdrfhr,f/ uRefawmfhtaeeJYawmh
zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'udu
k ikd Nf yD; jiif;
ckHraqG;aEG;csifygbl;/
tck tpdk;&eJYvTwfawmf? tpdk;
&eJY owif;rD'D,mwkdYMum;rSm y#d
yu a wG j zpf y G m ;Mu&wJ h t"d u
tajccHtaMumif;w&m;uawmh 'D
rdkua&pDpepf&JU tajccHoabmjzpf
wJh tmPmBuD;oHk;&yfcGJa0oHk;pGJrIeJY
Check & balance ? tjyeftvSef
xdef;ausmif;rItom;rusao;vdkY
bJjzpfygw,f/ t&ifppfwyfu tkyf
csKyfwahJ cwftqufqufrmS tmPm
BuD;oHk;&yfudk tpdk;&uyJ csKyfudkif
xm;&S&d muae tckcaJG 0oH;k pGw
J t
hJ cg
rlvuydkifqkdif&,lxm;wJh tkyfcsKyf
a&;r@dKiftaeeJY 'DtcGifhta&;awG
vufvw
T q
f ;kH H;I rIukd umuG,&f mu
aejzpfay:cJ&h wmjzpfygw,f/ vTwf
awmf&JU Check & balance pepfudk
0ifa&mufpGufzuf&mu aejynf
axmifpktqifhjyemay:cJh&wm
jzpfygw,f/
(3)
'D r d k u a&pD & J U oabmw&m;

jynfolrsm;\rJrsm;jzifU Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJwGif tEdkif&NyD; a':atmifqef;pkMunfESifU NLD ygwDrSvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;vTwfawmftoD;oD;odkh wufa&mufaeMuNyDjzpfygonf


(trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJYcsKyfOu|a':atmifqef;pkMunfESifU NLD ygwDu Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJtEkdif&&SdonfUtwGuf 0rf;omaysmf&TifaeMuonfU jynfolrsm;udk awGY&pOf)

. . . . . . . . . ajymjycsifygw,f ( 7 )
oef;xG#af tmif
t& tjrifhqHk;tmPm&SdwJhvlawGu
rJqE&SifjynfolawGyJjzpfygw,f/
tar&duefEdkifiHrSm rJqE&Sifjynf
olawGu vTwfawmfESpf&yfudka&m?
orwudkygwdkufdkufrJay;a&G;cs,f

p&mr&Sdygbl;/ ckeuajymwJh rQajc


zefwD;EkdifrItwGuf rSm;,Gif;wJhol
[m vTwfawmfvm;? cHkkH;vm;qdk
wm jynfolawGpOf;pm;EdkifrSmjzpfyg
w,f/ 'Dvdkqdk&if orwtaeeJY

jynfolawG&JY tcGifUtmPmudk wkdufdkufvTJtyfcJUwm vTwf


awmfyJjzpfw,fvdkh qdkvdkwmjzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifU vTwfawmf[m
jynfolawGtyfESif;xm;wJUtcGifUtmPmt& tkyfcsKyfa&;r@dKifeJh
w&m;pD&ifa&;r@dKiu
f kd tjyeftvSex
f ed ;f ausmif;ydik cf iG Uf (Check
& balance) vkyfydkifcGifh&Sd&ygr,f . . .
wmjzpfwJhtwGuf jynfolawG[m
olwdkYydkifqdkifwJhtcGifhtmPmawGudk
tpdk;&eJYvTwfawmfESpf&yfudk vTJtyf
cJhwmjzpfygw,f/ 'DjrefrmEdkifiHrSm
awmh jynfolawGuvTwfawmf ESpf
&yfudka&G;aumufwifajrmufcJhwm
jzpfvdkY jynfol&JUtcGifhtmPmudk
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk vTJtyfcJh
wmjzpfygw,f/ tJ'Djynfaxmif
pkvTwfawmfurSwpfqifh orwudk
a&G;aumufwifajrmufcJhwmjzpfNyD;
tJ'u
D rSwpfqifh useftyk cf sKyfa&; eJY
w&m;pD&ifa&;yk*dKvfawGudk a&G;
cs,fcefYxm;&wmjzpfygw,f/ qdk
vdkwmu jynfolawG&JUtcGifhtm
Pmudk wkdufdkufvTJtyfcJhwm vTwf
awmfyJjzpfw,fvdkY qdkvdkwmjzpfyg
w,f/ 'gaMumifh vTwfawmf[m
jynfolawGtyfESif;xm;wJh tcGifh
tmPmt& tkyfcsKyfa&;r@dKifeJY
w&m;pD&ifa&;r@dKifudk tjyeft
vSef xdef;ausmif;ydkifcGifh (Check &
balance) vkyfydkifcGifh&Sd&ygr,f/
uRefawmfajymwmu 'Drkdua&pD&JU
tajccHrloabmw&m;t&jzpfyg
w,f/ zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya't&
awmh jiif;ckpH &m&Srd vm;rodyg bl;/
'gayrJ h 'D r d k u a&pD o abmw
&m;t&awmh jynfolawG[m ol
wdYk tmPmvTt
J yfxm;wJjh ynfaxmif
pkvTwfawmf[m tjrifhrm;qHk; t
qifhtwef;&Sdoifhw,fqdkwm jiif;

jynfolawG&JUvkyfydkifcGifht& cHkHk;
tay:b,fvu
kd ikd w
f ,
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kd m
em;vnfoifhw,fvdkY xifygw,f/
'g[mvTwfawmfudk vdkufavsmjcif;
r[kwb
f J jynfow
l Ykd &UJ ydik cf iG ?hf tcGihf
tmPmudk vdkufavsmjcif;jzpfyg
w,f/ wpfzufu vTwfawmftae
eJYvnf;Impeachment pGyfpGJjypfwif
jcif;qdw
k m 'Dru
kd a&pDtpysK;d wJh Ekid if H
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jyKoifhygw,f/ cHkHk;taeeJYrSm;,Gif;
cJo
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f ;kH udjk zKwfypfwm
xufpm&if orwtrdefYeJY tvJt
vS,fjyKvkyf&if uRefawmfajymwJh rQ
ajczefwD;EdkifrI (Balancing Act )eJY
a&SUudkoGm;EkdifMuygvdrfhr,f/
(4)
'Drkdua&pDEkdifiHawGrSm owif;
rD'D,mawGudk (Check & balance)
vkyfwm Public (jynfolYr@dKif)eJY
w&m;pD&ifa&;r@dKifyJjzpfygw,f/
tkyfcsKyfa&;r@dKifu vkyfvdkYr&yg
bl;/ 'Dvdkvkyfw,fqdk&if Control
(xdef;csKyfwm) vdkYac:NyD; vlxk&JU
ydkifcGifhjzpfwJh Freedom of Press udk
xdyg;wmjzpfNyD; vlxk&JUrauseyf
rIeJY &ifqdkif&Ekdifygw,f/
jrefrmEdkifiHrSm tmPm&Sifpepf
ESpf 50 vHk; 1962 Oya'eJY Freedom of Press u tpdk;&&JU xdef;
csKyfrIatmufa&mufaecJh&ygw,f/

t&if u jynf x J a &;? tck jyef


Mum;a&;0efBuD;XmewdkYu rD'D,m
udkxdef;csKyfcJhygw,f/ 'Drdkua&pD
EdkifiHawGjzpfwJh tar&duefwdkY? NAd
wdefwdkYrSm jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme
qdkwm r&Sdygbl;/ &Sd&ifvnf; ol
[m tpdk;&twGufowif;xkwfjyef
wJhtvkyfeJY Public Service udkyJ
vkyf&ygw,f/ owif;pm? kyfjrif
oHMum;eJY yHkESdyfxkwfa0a&;wkdYvkyf
&ifawmif tIH;ay:&if &yfqkdif;&
ygr,f/ 'Drdkua&pDEkdifiHppfppfqdk&if
yk*vdu rD'D,mawG&JUvkyfief;awG
[m jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;XmeeJY bmrS
ywfoufqufpyfp&mr&Sdygbl;/
tckvkd jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;
Xmeu rD'D,mOya'udk pdwfBudKuf
a&;qGJaewm? pme,fZif;aumifpD
ukd orwHk;uzGJUay;wmwdkY? tpdk;
&Xmeqdkif&mtoa&zsufrI? 0w
&m;aESmifh,SufrI? ydkifeufusL;vGef
rIawGeJY w&m;pGJaewmawG[m tkyf
csKyfa&;r@dKiftaeeJY pwkwr@dKif
&JU vkyfydkifcGifhudkausmfvGefNyD; xdef;
csKyfzdkYBudK;pm;aewmjzpfygw,f/
jynfolawGtaeeJYvnf; udk,fh&JU
ydkifcGifhtwGuf uefYuGufzdkYvdkovdk
jynfolawGtyfESif;xm;wJh vTwf

ay: Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;udpudk vTwf


awmfrSm aqG;aEG;apcsifygw,f/
toHxGufapcsifygw,f/) tpdk;&
taeeJYvnf; vkyfydkifcGifhudk ausmf
vGeNf yD; rD',
D mudx
k ed ;f csKyfzYkd pOf;pm;
aewmudk &yfqdkif;oifhygw,f/
1962 Oya'udkzsufNyD; rD'D,m
Oya'twnfjyKNyD;&if owif;rD'D
,m tm;vHk;[m tjcm;'Drdkua&pD
EdkifiHawGvdkyJ tpdk;&&JUcsKyfudkifrIu
aevGwfuif;Mu&rSmjzpfygw,f/
(5)
wu,f a wmh jref r mEk d i f i H
ordkif;rSmyJjzpfjzpf? urmhorkdif;rSm
yJjzpfjzpf tmPm&Sifqdkwm tm
PmrufveG ;f vdYkay:vmMuwmcsn;f yJ
r [kwfygbl;/ tjyeftvSefxdef;
ausmif;wJhpepf(Check & balance)
r&Sdwm&,f? wefcdk;MoZmwdur
BuD;rm;wJhacgif;aqmifawGtem;rSm
t&nftaoG;r&SdwJh? tcGifhtmPm
rufarmwJh? udk,fusKd;&SmwwfwJhol
awG0ef;&HvmwmaMumifyh jJ zpfygw,f/
'DvlawG[m acgif;aqmifeJYvl
xk(odkY)vlxku ,kHMunfwJholawG
tMum;rSm wHwdkif;wpfckvdk tNrJ&Sd
w,f/ cGJjcm;pnf;kH;wJhenf;awGeJY

'DvlawG[m acgif;aqmifeJh vlxk(odkh)vlxku ,kHMunfwJU


olawGtMum;rSm wHwdkif;wpfckvdktNrJ&Sdw,f/ cGJjcm;pnf;kH;wJU
enf;awGeu
hJ ,
kd ef o
hJ abmrwloal wGukd NzKd ciG ;f w,f/ 'Denf;eJY vlxk
,kHMunfwJUolawG[m pnf;kH;jcif;cH&um image aysmufqkH;NyD;
aemufqkH;vlxkudk qefhusifwJUolawGjzpfvmw,f/ 'DvlawG[m
acgif;aqmifem;rSm pkykHvmNyD; tmPmudkrufwJUtodkif;t0dkif;jzpf
vmr,f . . .
awmfuvnf; 'Dudpudktav;t
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w,f/ (w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;udk
wm0ef,lxm;wJh jrefrmh'Drdkua&pD
acgif;aqmifa':atmifqef;pkMunf
taeeJYvnf; owif;rD'D,mawGt

udk,feJYoabmrwlolawGudk NzdKcGif;
w,f/ 'Denf;eJY vlxk,kHMunfwJhol
awG[m pnf;kH;jcif;cH&um image
aysmufqkH;NyD; aemufqkH;vlxkudk
qefYusifwJholawGjzpfvmw,f/ 'D
vlawG[m acgif;aqmifem;rSm pkykH

vmNyD; tmPmudk rufwJhtodkif;t


0dkif;jzpfvmr,f/ wpfOD;eJYwpfOD;
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I m tcGit
hf a&;eJY
tmPmjzpfvmr,f/ aemufq;Hk bkwf
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yk*dKvfa&;udk;uG,fwJh EkdifiH? acgif;
aqmiftay: rSDcdkvGef;wJhEkdifiHrSm
Check & Balance pepfu ydkta&;
BuD;ygw,f/ cdkifrmwJhpepf? aumif;
rGefwJh pDrHcefYcGJrIuom tmPm&Sif
pepfukd umuG,[
f efYwm;Ekid rf mS jzpf
ygw,f/
uRefawmfhtaeeJY orwBuD;
tay:rSm yk*dK vfa&;t&,HkMunfrI&Sd
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(2) &cdkifwdkif;&if;om;awG tay:
orwHk;&JUtjrif
(3) vTwfawmfeJYcHkHk;udp
(4) 0efBuD;tajymif;tvJawGvdk
tyf o vd k j zpf r vmwJ h ud p a wG
tay:rSm tm;rvdktm;r&jzpfrdyg
w,f/ 'DudpawG&JU aemufuG,frSm
rSm;,Gif;rIawGtwGuforwBuD;
taeeJYudk,fhywf0ef;usifudk a0zef
qef;ppfoifhw,fvdkY xifygw,f/
wu,fawmh tpdk;&taeeJY
EdkifiHtwGuf ta&;BuD;wJh (1) dk[if*smeJY EkdifiHwum quf
qHa&;
(2) pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI
(3) wkdif;&if;om;ta&;eJY Nidrf;
csrf;a&;udpa wGrSm tmHkpdkufapcsif
ygw,f/ owif;rD'D,mawGuyJ
jzpf j zpf ? vT w f a wmf u yJ j zpf j zpf
axmufjya0zefwmawGudk oHo,
uif;uif;eJYqef;ppfapcsifygw,f/
uRef a wmf w d k Y tm;vH k ; uvnf ;
orwBuD;&JU Reform Strategy udk
ulnDMu&ygr,f/
(pm<uif; - ckvTwfawmfujyifqif
wJh EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrI Oya'
Murf;[mvufawGUrusbJ wdik ;f jynf
twGuf epfemp&mawGjzpfaewJh
twGuf vTwfawmftaeeJY tpdk;&&JU
tMuHjyKcsuftwdkif;a&;qGJay;zdkY
arwm&yfcHvdkygw,f/)
(6)
wu,fuawmh uRefawmfwdkY
EkdifiH&JUpepftul;tajymif;rSm jiif;
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tqifrajyrIawGuawmh tjrJ&Sdae
rSmygyJ/ tvHk;pHknDnGwfa&;qdkwm
vnf;rjzpfEidk af o;ygbl;/ 'gaMumifh
rQajczefwD;EdkifrI (Balancing Act)?
tjyeftvSefxdef;ausmif;rI (Check
& balance) awGeJYyJ c&D;qufMu&
rSmyg/ tcktajctaerSmawmh tm
Pm&Sifpepfudk ESpfoufoabmus
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rsK;d ay;qyfzYkdtoif&h dS w,fqw
kd mudk
today;xm;zdkYyJvdkwmyg/

28
pmrsufESm (26) rStquf
b,fvakd jym&if&rvJqNkd yD; pOf;pm;
w,f/ dk;dk;axmufvSrf;a&;ygvdkY
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du
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kd kd 201 wyf&if;
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olwdkYajymwJh twdkif;yJvdkufajym
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