Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Learners LiCenCe
1 2 3 4 5 6
The learners licence test 4
7 8 9
72
5 7 9
Road markings
83
Traffic signals
88
Road signs
44
92
Regulatory signs
46
99
Warning signs
60
106
DrivinG LiCenCe
13 The driving licence test
107
119
14 The K53 defensive driving system 109 15 The pre-trip inspection 16 Using the vehicle controls
111
126
133
117
141
1
WHAT THE TEST COVERS
To pass your learners licence test, you must know: the rules of the road; road traffic signs, signals and surface markings; the controls of the vehicle.
DiSquAlifiCATiOn
You will not be able to obtain a learners licence if: you have been previously disqualified by a court of law and this disqualification is still in force; or you already have a licence for the same class of vehicle; or your licence has been suspended temporarily and the suspension has not yet expired.
PRE-TEST REquiREmEnTS
To do the learners licence test, you must: be of the minimum age required (see details below); pass the health and eyesight requirements; not be addicted to narcotic drugs or the excessive use of intoxicating liquor; comply with all instructions given by the testing officer; have acceptable identification, or a Traffic Register Certificate issued by the licencing authority; have two recent black-and-white or colour identity photographs of passport size.
The licencing authority will give you all the details you need in this regard, and will tell you about the different codes of licences for the different classes of vehicles, as well as the fees you must pay. Be sure to contact them before booking your test.
3
1
To make driving on public roads as safe as possible, there are rules that must be adhered to by all road users. Concentrate on understanding the meaning of every rule in this chapter. You will then be able to answer questions no matter how they are phrased in the test. The illustrations above each rule will help you to understand and remember the statements given below them. The things you musT do often have a green tick; those you musT noT Do have a red cross.
Always obey the directions of a traffic or police officer. They overrule any road sign or rule of the road.
obey all the rules of the road. If you dont, you are committing an offence and may be prosecuted.
The rule of the road is to drive on the left half of the road.
dRiving signals
signal your intention early enough to warn others by using, for example, indicators, stop lights or hand signals.
make sure your signals can be clearly seen from the front, from behind and from the side.
use the brake lights to indicate that you are slowing down or intend to stop.
Note: Drivers of medical and fire-fighting response vehicles, and persons specifically authorised to do so, are permitted to exceed the speed limit and to disregard road signs, but only if this is necessary during the course of their duties.
seat Belts
The driver is responsible for ensuring that seat belts are worn by all passengers, front and rear.
Where no seat belt is fitted on the front passenger seat, children up to the age of 14 must sit on the back seat.
If seat belts have been removed, te vehicle may not be used on a public road.
TEST YOURSELF
QUESTION 3 Defensive driving means A. Defending yourself on the road. B. maintaining a clear space around
your vehicle at all times.
TEST YOURSELF
QUESTION 4 Signal whenever you intend to... A. move to another lane. B. Accelerate. C. neither of these.
Drive off from a stationary position only if it is saf to do so, and without causing any danger to other traffic.
It is a criminal offence to disregard the safety of people or property when driving, or to drive recklessly, negligently or without reasonable consideration for other road users.
Reckless or negligent driving is a criminal offence that will result in a criminal record. If you collide with the back of another vehicle, or with a State vehicle, you will be prosecuted for reckless or negligent driving.
11
TEST YOURSELF
QUESTION 5 To slow down or stop, you use
45 m
At least one double-sided reflective triangle, meeting sABs specifications, must be carried in all motor vehicles. (motor cars first registered before 1 July 2006 are exempted.)
In an emergency, the triangle must be displayed on the road at least 45 m behind the vehicle, facing approaching traffic.
lights
Always switch on your vehicle headlights when driving between sunset and sunrise. The beam must light up objects at least 100 m ahead.
switch on your vehicle headlights whenever visibility is not clear for at least 150 m. (Having headlights on dipped beam during the day makes you more visible and is safer.)
150 m
The headlight of a motorcycle must be on all the time while riding on a public road (even during the day).
12 m
Dont use the driving or main (bright) beam when the brightness will cause a glare to approaching traffic. It should strike the road surface not more than 45 m ahead of the vehicle. no more than two after-market spot lamps may be fitted.
use the parking lights at night only when the vehicle is parked outside a demarcated parking area or if it is 12 m or more from a lit street lamp.
use your vehicles emergency warning lights only in an emergency, or when your vehicle is standing in a hazardous position.
12
road signs
PurPose
A system of road traffic signs, signals and surface markings guides and directs the traffic flow, or warns motorists of traffic conditions ahead.
SignS
(usually mounted on poles or overhead structures)
MarkingS
(painted on the road surface)
SignalS
(traffic lights, warning flashing lights, hand and flag signals)
Categories of signs
To make it easier for the motorist to see, interpret and quickly respond to a road sign while driving, they have been grouped into four broad categories:
1 regulatory:
to tell you what you must do or may not do (i.e. to regulate traffic). Obey all regulatory signs, signals and markings.
2 Warning:
to warn you of potentially dangerous conditions on the road ahead.
3 guidance:
to guide you in respect of destination, routes, distances, places of interest, etc.
4 inforMation:
to give motorists useful information about the road situation ahead, which is not of a warning or regulatory nature.
44
RegulatoRy signs
Regulatory signs control the actions of motorists by giving instructions. You MUST obey all regulatory road signs. If you dont, you are committing an offence and can be fined or prosecuted.
Meaning
Control signs tell you: where you must stop; where you must yield (give way); in what direction you must travel; what special rules apply.
R2
R5
Hexagon
Triangle
R3
Round disc
R4.1
Rectangle
Square on point
Command signs give commands. They tell you: what actions you must take; what road or lane you must use. Permanent Temporary Prohibition signs tell you what is not allowed: what MUST noT be done; which claSS of Road USeR is noT allowed on that roadway or lane. Limit signs tell you what limits are allowed: the maximum speed, vehicle mass, height, length, etc. allowed on the road; where access is limited to authorized vehicles only. Reservation signs tell you about reserved areas: that the roadway or lane (R), or the parking area (P) is ReSeRved foR ceRTaIn claSSeS of vehicle onlY; other classes must not use that lane, roadway or portion of the roadway, or the parking area. Permanent Temporary
Permanent
68/R218
Temporary
68/R218
Permanent
66/R202012
Temporary
R201060
46
Meaning
Comprehensive signs tell you that there is a comprehensive set of SeveRal ReGUlaTIonS and ReSTRIcTIonS that must be adhered to ahead, for example, when: the roadway ahead is a freeway; the area is designated as a residential area.
Permanent
Temporary de-restriction signs tell you: that the comprehensive sign regulations no longer apply.
Permanent
141/R602 141/R602
Temporary
Permanent
155/R107+R511
Temporary
exclusive secondary signs may appear below a regulatory sign to indicate that the sign applies: only during certain times of the day or night or week; only to vehicles moving in a certain direction; only to certain classes of vehicle; only under certain conditions.
155/R107+R511
Stop
R1
R5
Pedestrian priority
R1.2
Stop/Yield
Yield to pedestrians
Colour codes:
Red and white, except the (temporary) Stop/Go sign.
no entry
R4.1 R3
one-way roadway
R1.3
3-way stop
+
R4.1
=
ICon white insert specifies which control applies, in this case the compulsory direction of travel.
R4.1 R4.1
eg:
MeanIng one-way roadway. You must drive only in the direction of the arrow.
47
2
4 1 3 2
SToP
Stop completely and wait, with the front of the vehicle in line with the sign, or before the painted stop line. Proceed only when it is safe to do so. If the sign is controlled by a person, proceed only when instructed to do so.
no enTRy
dont drive beyond this sign.
yIeLd
Slow down, or stop before the broken line to give way to: cross traffic (and trains) close enough to pose a danger; pedestrians crossing or about to cross the roadway.
yIeLd aT MInI-CIRCLe
Slow down and give way to any vehicle that will enter the mini-circle before you and cross your path. Proceed in a clockwise direction when it is safe to do so. dont drive over the mini-circle.
SToP/yIeLd
If you want to turn left, slow down and give way to all traffic from the right. Proceed only if it is safe to do so. If you want to cross over or turn right, regard the sign as a SToP sign and respond accordingly.
REMEMBER
Study all the road signs illustrated in the pictures and make sure that you understand them. Next, revise each row of signs as already explained on page 45. Additional road signs that must be studied are provided on pages 9298.
PedeSTRIan PRIoRITy
at an area set aside for pedestrians. Service and emergency vehicles may enter only if they give way to pedestrians, do not go faster than 15 km/h, and deliver/load only in a marked loading zone.
48
warning signs
Warning signs indicate that there are hazardous conditions ahead, which require extra caution. They indicate that it may be necessary to slow down or make some other manoeuvre to maintain safety while driving. A warning sign may be used with other road signs, surface markings or advisory plates such as recommended speed. If you disregard a warning sign, this could result in a charge of negligent or reckless driving. Whenever you see a warning sign you should look out for other road signs as well, such as regulatory signs or other warning signs, and respond accordingly.
g e n e r a l r e s p o ns e to al l warni ng s i gns
Approach with caution and take note of any other road signs. Anticipate any possible hazard according to the nature of the warning, for example children or animals running into the road, dangerous road surface conditions, movements of other traffic or weather-related hazards. Slow down if necessary, and be prepared to take evasive action. Change down to a lower gear if necessary. Obey any regulatory signs in the vicinity.
Meaning
Advance warning signs warn of hazards some distance ahead. hazards might include, for example, changes in the road layout or traffic flow, animals or pedestrians ahead, regulatory signs ahead.
Permanent
170/W101
Temporary
239/W335
255/W405
256/W401
257/W407
Hazard marker signs are placed AT Or neAr the hazard itself. They indicate the position of, for example, a sharp curve or a T-junction, or an obstruction on the side of the road. Temporary
261/TW411
Permanent
252/W409
60
r oa d l ay o ut s i gns
These signs depict the layout of other roads ahead, in relation to the road on which you are travelling. each road is depicted by a solid black line.
164/W105
Permanent
170/W101
Temporary
171/W108
*
501W/461
Colour codes:
black symbol on a white background, with a red border. Temporary versions have a yellow background.
* An asterisk after a sign name means that the road may angle to the left or the right.
180/W116
Permanent
176/W118
Permanent
+
170/W101 170/W101
=
170/W101
eg:
MeAnIng There is a crossroad ahead. approach with caution and be prepared to stop or yield.
BACkgROunD White triangle with a red border means advance warning of potential hazard ahead.
CROSSROAD AHeAD
another road crosses the road on which you are travelling. Approach with caution and look out for any Stop or yield signs.
62
elephants ahead
Warthogs ahead
hippos ahead
210/W310
208/W311
214/W312
gRAvel ROAD BegInS AHeAD The road surface is about to change to a gravel surface. Check in the mirrors and slow down to avoid throwing up stones which can damage windscreens. Avoid sudden braking, and keep a safe following distance.
There are speed humps on the road ahead to control vehicle speed. Obey any speed limit sign.
The road surface is about to change to a hard surface, for example tarred. Approach with caution.
There may be loose stones or gravel on the roadway ahead. Avoid severe braking, and maintain a safe following distance.
There is a motor gate (cattle grid) ahead, and the thoroughfare may be narrow. pass on the side to which the arrow is pointing.
gAte AHeAD
215/W314
There is a gate, railway boom or barrier ahead. Approach with caution in case the gate or boom is closed.
tunnel AHeAD
216/W319
There is a railway crossing ahead. Approach with caution. Obey any regulatory sign.
There is a tunnel ahead. Obey any regulatory sign. Switch on the headlights. dont overtake.
There is a steep downhill ahead. heavy vehicles may have to change to a lower gear.
68
Proceed straight ahead to travel towards Cape Town on National Route 7. At the junction ahead, turning right will take you along Regional Route 45 towards Hopefield and Vredenburg. Turning left will take you along Regional Route 45 towards Malmesbury.
The crossroad at the T-junction is Regional Route 34. Turning right will take you towards Richards Bay along Route 34. Turning left will take you towards Empangeni along Route 34.
You are travelling along Regional Route 568 which, at this point, is also Route 26. The town of Vanderbijlpark is 8 km further on along Route 568. The town of Heilbron is 66 km further on along Route 26.
At the junction ahead turn right into Victoria Street to take the Regional Route 33 to Vryheid or Route 68 towards Melmoth. Turning left into Victoria Street will take you along Route 68 towards Newcastle.
Continue straight on if you wish to travel on Regional Route 103 towards Estcourt. Turning left at the junction ahead will take you to National Route 3, which is a freeway (blue sign and freeway symbol) and a toll road. This is Freeway On-ramp number 146.
Turning right will take you into Queens Terrace into the town called Riverside. Turning left will take you into Robinson Road, which will become Regional Route 58 leading into the town of Burgersdorp.
321/GD4
You are travelling along Regional Route 50. The distance to the town of Bapsfontein is 25 km. The distance to Pretoria is 63 km.
Prince Edward High School is to the left. Lanseria Airport is 6 km along the road to the right. The harbour is 3.5 km along the road to the right.
You have reached the town of Virginia. Venter Avenue is 0.8 km ahead. Sand River Road to the city centre is 1.7 km ahead. Harmony Drive is 2.5 km ahead.
76
8
1
Road maRkings
Road markings serve the same purpose as road signs. They are painted on the surface of the road instead of being on a sign-post. Regulatory markings must be obeyed in the same way as regulatory road signs.
stop liNe
Indicates the position for stopping. Stop your vehicle immediately behind the line.
Yield liNe
Indicates the point at which motorists must give way. If required, give way to other vehicles, pedestrians or traffic by stopping your vehicle behind the broken yield line.
No overtakiNg
Overtaking is prohibited. Dont cross onto the right-hand side of the solid line, except to get to or from a property on the other side of the roadway, or to pass a stationary obstruction in the roadway, and then only if it is safe to do so.
No crossiNg
Crossing the solid lines is prohibited. Dont allow any part of your vehicle to cross onto the right-hand side of the marking for any reason at all.
chaNNeliziNg liNe
Crossing the line is prohibited. Dont allow any part of your vehicle to cross the marking for any reason at all.
83
9
1 2
TrAffiC signAls
Traffic signals serve the same purpose as road signs. They vary according to traffic flow, road conditions or time of day. Note that traffic light signals at intersections and pedestrian crossings are often also referred to as traffic lights or robots.
Ove r h e A d l A n e di re CT i O n CO nT rO l s i gnAl s
These regulate which lanes may be used and which may not be used. (regulatory signal)
TEST YOURSELF
QUESTION 90 When approaching this roadmarking a vehicle muststop...
A. After it has crossed the line. B. Behind the line. C. As it approaches the line. red cross
This lane is not open for your use because it is open to oncoming traffic. Dont drive in this lane. Choose another lane.
green arrow
This lane is open for your use, as it carries traffic in the same direction as you are travelling. You may drive in any lane over which this sign is displayed.
T r A f f iC l i ghT s i gnAl s
These signals apply to motor vehicles and motorcycles, and in some cases to pedestrians as well.
88
11
Once you have finished studying the information on pages 498, complete the following test within a time limit of one hour. Try to get all the answers correct. The test is designed to help you prepare for the various ways in which the questions may be asked in the official test. Sometimes the question itself is not straightforward, and sometimes when you read the three options given you might become a little confused, so it is useful to have a strategy for approaching each question.
1. Which sign means delivery vehicles must use this portion of the roadway only? A. B.
2. To slow down or stop, you use... A. The brakes only. B. The brakes and gears. C. Neither of these.
3. The directions of a traffic officer take precedence... A. Only at robots that are out
of order. B. Where there has been an accident. C. Always.
4. How should the driver react to this sign? A. No reaction. B. Keep to the left of the sign. C. Turn left.
C. Both of these.
99
13
107
ImmeDIATe FAIlURe
Light anD heavy motor vehicLes the test will be stopped immediately in the event of any of the following: using a vehicle that is not licenced; using an unroadworthy vehicle; a violation of any traffic law, road sign, signal or road marking; an uncontrolled, dangerous action on your part; an avoidable collision; bumping any obstacles, mounting the kerb or touching boundary lines during the test; not successfully completing a manoeuvre within the maximum number of attempts allowed; allowing the vehicle to roll forwards or backwards during the test; inability to perform a hand signal when instructed to do so; mechanical failure of the vehicle during the test; scoring more than 50 penalty points in the yard test (penalty points are indicated in brackets on the test assessment checklist at the back of the book); exceeding the absolute time limit of 20 minutes 59 seconds allowed for the Pre-Trip Inspection and Yard Test. motorcycLes the test will be stopped immediately in the event of any of the following: Part one: using an unroadworthy or unlicenced motorcycle; falling off or allowing the motorcycle to fall; exceeding 50 penalty points (see page 143); touching a boundary line; rolling backwards or forwards during the manoeuvres; disregarding a traffic law, road sign, signal or road marking; carrying out an uncontrolled or dangerous action; not wearing a suitable safety (crash) helmet. Only one attempt each is allowed for moving off, turning left and lane change to the right, and three attempts for speed control, provided that no immediate disqualification has occurred. Part two: falling off or allowing the motorcycle to fall; exceeding 90 penalty points; touching a boundary line; rolling backwards or forwards when moving off; disregarding a traffic law, road sign, signal or road marking; carrying out an uncontrolled or dangerous action; not wearing a suitable safety (crash) helmet.
Only three attempts are allowed for each of the manoeuvres in this part of the test, provided that no immediate disqualification has occurred.
If you are disqualified for any one of these items the test will be stopped immediately and you will have to re-apply to do the test at a later date after more training and practice.
108
14
An important aspect of the driving test is the application of the defensive driving system already explained in detail in Chapter 2. You will be expected to know this system thoroughly and to apply it in the correct sequence during each manoeuvre and aspect of the test while maintaining a clear space around your vehicle at all times. The defensive driving system consists of the following elements:
SEARCH Continually look ahead, behind and sideways for any hazards. A hazard is anything that could cause you to reduce speed or change direction. Hazards include: intersections, vehicle and pedestrian entrances, pedestrians, animals, other vehicles, cyclists, poles, signs or any other fixtures.
IDENTIFY Classify the type of hazard in terms of how it might affect your speed or direction of travel.
PREDICT Evaluate the dangers associated with the hazard and how you could react to it.
DECIDE Choose a reaction that ensures everyones safety. EXECUTE Carry out the chosen action.
Each manoeuvre has its own specific sequence of actions that form part of the defensive driving system. These sequences, which are explained in the pages that follow, must be followed. The following table explains the terminology used to describe the sequence, and shows the icons that will be used to help you.
Icon
Observe
ActIon
ExplAnAtIon
This is a 360 observation. Look to the front, to the sides, in the mirrors and the blind spots so that you know whats going on all around your vehicle and to see if it is safe behind you. Your wheels should always be straight when you check in the blind spots.
Look in the rear-view mirrors to see if it is safe behind and alongside the vehicle.
Turn your head and look over your shoulder into the blind spot on the side to which you intend moving to ensure that it is safe to change direction. Your wheels should always be straight when you check in the blind spots.
109
6 5 13
17
4 7 8
Exterior inspection
1. On approach, check under the vehicle for leaks or obstructions. 2. Unlock all the doors. 3. Inspect the vehicle for possible damage from the top to bottom, in an anti-clockwise direction. 4. Ensure that the mirrors are not broken, and are secure and clean. 5. Check the windows and windscreen for damage and cleanliness. 6. Check the wiper blades for damage and leave them extended during the inspection. 7. Check the tyres for damage, wear, tread depth, valve cap and inflation. 8. Check the wheels for damage, grease or oil leaks, and the wheel nuts (if no hub cap is fitted) visual inspection only. 9. Check all the lights, lenses and reflectors for damage, and that they are secure and clean. 10. Check the vehicle for damaged or loose panels or grilles. 11. Make sure that the bonnet, bumpers and exhaust are secure. 12. Make sure that the number plates are secure and clean and that the light is working. 13. Check that the licence disc is valid and secure. 14. Check the doors for opening, and the operation of the window winders and seat belts for stability and damage. 15. Check any information plates and chevrons for damage, cleanliness, stability and validity. 16. Mention that the oil, water, brake fluid and fan belt have been checked. 17. Mention that the spare wheel, jack and wheel spanner should be checked. 18. Check that the fuel cap is secure.
Interior inspection
After the exterior inspection you will be asked to get into the vehicle and operate the lights, indicators, wipers and hooter (horn). Operate the controls as required and then conduct the interior inspection. 1. From the driver's seat, ensure that the parking brake is applied and that the gear lever is in neutral (or P or N for automatic vehicles). 2. Check for obstructions inside the vehicle. 3. Check for warning lights and gauges, where applicable. 4. Adjust the seat to the correct driving position and set the mirrors for maximum rear-view vision. 5. Turn the ignition key to the on position without starting the engine. 6. Check the operation of any electric windows. 7. Check all the instruments on the instrument panel and mention any changes. 8. Check the operation of the front and rear lights, indicators, horn and wipers. 9. Switch the ignition off and return all switches to the off position. 10. Check the steering for excessive free-play. 11. Check the pressure on the brake and clutch pedals. 12. Return the wipers to the normal position. 13. Check that the doors are properly closed and that any passengers know how to operate them. 14. Fasten your seat belt and request any passengers to fasten theirs. 15. Ensure that the passengers know how to operate the seat belt release mechanism.
112
HEAVY MOTOR VEHICLES AND VEHICLES TOWING A TRAILER OVER 750 KG (Cont.)
1. From the drivers seat ensure that the handbrake is applied and that the gear lever is in neutral (or in P or N for automatic vehicles). 2. Check for obstructions inside the vehicle. 3. Check for warning lights and gauges, where applicable. 4. Adjust the driver's seat for the correct driving position and set the mirrors for maximum rear-view vision. 5. Turn the ignition key to the on position without starting the engine. 6. Check the operation of any electric windows. 7. Check all the instruments on the instrument panel. Mention any changes. 8. Check the operation of the front and rear lights, indicators, horn and wipers. 9. Switch the ignition off and return all switches to the off position. 10. Check the steering for excessive free-play. 11. Check the pressure on the brake and clutch pedals. 12. Return the wipers to the normal position. 13. Check that all the doors are properly closed and that passengers know how to operate them. 14. Fasten your seat belt and request any passengers to fasten theirs. 15. Ensure that the passengers know how to operate the seat belt release mechanism.
4 12 3 2 1 4 14 15 14 8 10 11 7
9 13
Interior inspection
(The interior inspection is often conducted before the exterior inspection. Be prepared for either sequence of inspections.)
Note: In the event of there being a minor defect, you may be allowed to rectify it.
MOTORCYCLES
4. Check the brake disc(s) for wear, if possible. 5. Check the shock absorbers/forks for damage, security and oil leaks. 6. Check the mudguards for damage and security. 7. Check the lights and reflectors for damage, cleanliness and security. 8. Check the indicators for damage, cleanliness and security. 9. Check the windscreen/fairing for damage, cleanliness and security, if applicable. 10. Check the controls, cables, mirror and clutch fluid level, if applicable, for damage, cleanliness, security and operation. 11. Check the fuel tap/valve for damage, security, leaks and operation. 12. Check the gear lever for damage and security. 13. Check any side-covers for damage and security. 14. Mention that the battery should be checked for damage, security and fluid level. 15. Check the footrests, chain guard, chain (tension and lubrication) and the exhaust for damage and security. 16. Check the rear number plate for damage, cleanliness and security, and that the number plate light is working. 17. Check the seat for damage, cleanliness and security. 18. Check the foot brake for free play, damage and security, and the brake fluid level, if applicable. 19. Check the fuel tank and filler cap for security and leakage. 20. Mention that the coolant and engine oil levels should be checked, if applicable. 21. Check any radiator for damage and security. 22. Check the licence token for validity, cleanliness and security.
10 9 8 12 19 21 5 15 3 2 1 20 11 17 22 16
7 6
13 14 18
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17
For light motor vehicles, heavy motor vehicles and vehicles towing a trailer over 750 kg
PURPOSE
The purpose of the yard test is to check how well you handle your vehicle in the time allowed. Some testing centres allow learner drivers to practise the manoeuvres after working hours in the yard where the official test is conducted. Ask your driving instructor to arrange for you to use the yard if this is permitted in your area. This will give you the opportunity to become familiar with the test area.
Heavy motor vehicles and vehicles towing a trailer over 750 kg (licence code EB)
30 minutes for the pre-trip inspection and test. Signalling and observing, as if on a public road, is required. Wearing seat belts is not necessary. All traffic signs, signals and markings must be obeyed. No uncontrolled or dangerous actions may be made. The principles of defensive driving must be applied. The push-pull steering method is not required. Alley docking to the right (2 attempts). A left turn (1 attempt). Parallel parking without a trailer from the left and the right (2 attempts each) code EB only. Reversing in a straight line (1 attempt). An incline start (1 attempt).
20 minutes for the pre-trip inspection and test. Signalling and observing, as if on a public road, is required. Wearing seat belts is not necessary. All traffic signs, signals and markings must be obeyed. No uncontrolled or dangerous actions may be made. The principles of defensive driving must be applied. The push-pull steering method is not required. Alley docking to the left and right (2 attempts each). A three-point turn in the road (1 attempt). Parallel parking from the left and the right (2 attempts each).
119
REMEMBER
Stopping and moving off in the same direction during a manoeuvre is not counted as an additional movement.
40 m 4m
If you stop for more than 5 seconds you must do a complete observation before moving off again.
THE MANOEUVRES
9 Cancel the signal 2 Cancel the signal if applicable 2 Check the blind spot 3 Apply the handbrake
121
6m
2.5 m
alley docking (lMV from the left and right; hMV from the right only)
You will have to reverse into a demarcated parking bay and then drive out again (LMV from both the left and the right). You will be allowed only two attempts to complete the manoeuvre provided that no obstacle has been touched. You must not bump the kerb or any obstacles, or change direction during the manoeuvre. Stopping is allowed at any stage. One forward movement may be permitted for each attempt by combination vehicles (i.e. a truck pulling a trailer) only. Should you touch the line with any wheel, the test wil be discontinued. The testing officer will direct you to the testing area and instruct you to perform the manoeuvre.
5 Observe 360
7 Move off
9 Steer
10 Stop as instructed
3 Select the correct gear 12 Select neutral (N) or park (P) 4 Obtain clutch control (manual vehicles) 5 Observe 360
REMEMBER
7 Move off towards the other side of the road 8 Counter-steer in the other direction as you stop 9 Stop
Make sure your signals can be clearly seen from the front, from behind and from the side. Always check the blind spot/s just before changing direction.
123
18
PA RT ONE O F T HE T E S T
3 Check the gauges and warning lights 4 Ensure neutral (N) is selected (green light) 5 Move the engine kill switch to the run position 6 Operate the choke if necessary
REMEMBER
Both wheels must remain in contact with the road at all times, and all road signs, signals, rules and markings must be obeyed.
ON
OFF
ON
7 Start the engine and release the starting mechanism 8 Cancel the choke once the engine is running smoothly
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19
For light motor vehicles, heavy motor vehicles and vehicles towing a trailer over 750 kg.
PURPOSE
The purpose of the road test is to evaluate how well you handle the vehicle in traffic and your compliance with the rules of the road, road traffic signs and signals, and road markings. The examiner will also want to see how well you cope with other traffic, hazards and route problems in a practical driving situation on public roads. In addition, the examiner will want to see your application of the defensive driving system in the correct sequence, as well as your courtesy towards other road users. Sixty five percent of the route must be on public roads in an urban area. The test route should consist of the following: a tarred multi-lane road containing a minimum of two controlled intersections and clearly demarcated road markings; at least one 4-way stop intersection; at least four intersections controlled by stop signs or traffic lights; two right turns must be made at these intersections where there are no flashing green arrows; at least one intersection controlled by a Yield sign where the applicant must give way; at least one intersection controlled by a Yield sign where the applicant has right of way; a quiet street for the emergency stop.
T HE T E S T
The following pages cover the manouevres and driving situations on which you will be tested. You must follow the K53 procedure in the correct sequences as shown in the panels.
1 Check the mirrors 7 Stop if necessary
2 Signal
9 Observe 360
5 Slow down
noTe:
Authorised individuals include: police or traffic officers in uniform, scholar patrols, road workmen, persons leading, riding or driving bovine animals, signalmen at level crossings and drivers of emergency vehicles sounding a device or bell.
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5 Signal
CHAnGInG lAneS
You must demonstrate the correct and safe use of traffic lanes. Dont change lanes while crossing an intersection. 1 Check the mirrors and both blind spots 2 Signal
oVeRTAKInG
You must demonstrate your ability to overtake vehicles and hazards safely. Maintain a clear space and safe approaching/ following distance for maximum visibility. 1 Obey all roads signs, signals, rules and markings 2 Check the blind spot
10 Steer past the hazard while maintaining a clear space 11 Cancel the signal
12 Accelerate if necessary
3 Obey all traffic signs and markings 4 Check the appropriate blind spot
3 Position the vehicle for maximum visibility 4 Check the mirrors and the blind spot
13 If intending to return to your lane, check the mirrors and relevant blind spot before signalling
5 Steer
6 Cancel the signal 1 Check in the mirrors and the relevant blind spot 2 Position the vehicle in the centre or far side of your lane 3 Do not accelerate while being overtaken
noTeS:
Where more than one lane is changed in one movement, the appropriate blind spot must be checked prior to crossing each lane line. Where the lane next to you does not continue, you will be penalised for not checking the blind spot to that side.
note
When being overtaken, check the mirrors and blind spots and move to the other side of your lane without accelerating.
beInG oVeRTAKen
You must demonstrate the correct response when being overtaken.
noTe:
The test will be discontinued if you increase speed while being overtaken on the righthand side of a road with two-way traffic.
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20
This section gives you the opportunity to do a practical driving test similar to the one that you will do for the official driver's licence test. You should do this test only once you and your instructor are confident that you can handle the vehicle competently in all the required manoeuvres and that you know all the requirements for defensive driving that have been included in the previous sections of this book. To gain extra confidence, you should do this test more than once before going for the official test. Allow your instructor to check each point on this list and tick either yes or no for each question as you do the test. The actual test is scored in terms of penalty points that are allocated in respect of infringements of the test requirements. In some cases, a single infringement will result in up to five penalty points. You will fail the pre-trip inspection and yard test if you take longer than 20 minutes (30 minutes for heavy motor vehicles) to carry them out, and you will fail the driving test if you are allocated 50 or more penalty points. You will fail the road test if you are allocated more than an average of 8 penalty points per minute. This means that if the test took 20 minutes (the minimum time allowed), you may not have more than 160 (20 x 8) penalty points. In the test below, the number of penalty points per infringement is indicated in brackets. The shaded boxes indicate critical areas (immediate failure).
t h e p r e - t ri p i ns pe ct i o n
This part of the test is divided into two sections and must be carried out in a place away from traffic.
the exterior inspection (lMv and hMv only)
Did the candidate: Check under the vehicle for oil leaks/obstructions? (1) Check the condition of the wipers? (1) Check the fuel cap? (1) Check the condition of the tyres/wheels (HMV only)? (1) Check the reflectors? (1) Check all the lenses? (1) Check the engine compartment for oil leaks? (1) Check the fifth wheel couplings (HMV only)? (5)
Ye s / n o
Ye s / n o
Motorcycles only
Did the candidate: Check under the motorcycle for leaks and obstructions? (1) Check the mirrors for damage, cleanliness and security? (1) Check the chain tension and lubrication? (1) Check the condition of the tyres (wheels)? (1) Check the forks and shock absorbers for damage, security and oil leaks? (1)
Yes / no
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Our sincere thanks to the Southern African Advanced Driving Academy, in particular RW Chandler, for carefully reviewing the technical and instructional content of the first edition of this manual, and for endorsing and recommending it for use by all aspirant learners and drivers licence candidates. We also wish to thank Pat Allen, national president of the Southern African Institute of Driving Instructors, and Howard Dembovsky, director, Justice Project South Africa, for their assistance with the latest content updates. Clive Gibson, Gavin Hoole, Bata Passchier Struik Lifestyle (an imprint of Random House Struik (Pty) Ltd) Company Reg. No. 1966/003153/07 80 McKenzie Street, Cape Town 8001 PO Box 1144, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa www.randomstruik.co.za First published in 2005 by Struik Publishers Reprinted in 2006 Second edition published in 2007. Reprinted in 2007, 2008, 2009 Third edition published by Struik Lifestyle in 2011 Copyright in published edition: Random House Struik (Pty) Ltd 2005, 2007, 2011 Copyright in text: Engage the Brain Training Systems 2005, 2007, 2011 Copyright in illustrations: Engage the Brain Training Systems 2005, 2007, 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, digital, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers and the copyright holders. Publisher: Linda de Villiers Managing editor: Cecilia Barfield Editors: Samantha Fick, Joy Clack, Gill Gordon Designers: Janine Cloete, Beverley Dodd Illustrator: Darren McLean DTP: Clinton Griffin ISBN 978-1-43170-031-8 (Print) ISBN 978-1-43170-036-3 (Epub) ISBN 978-1-43170-038-7 (PDF ebook) Please note: The National Road Traffic Act and regulations, and the test requirements, are revised by the authorities from time to time. This book is constantly updated to incorporate such changes, and every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy and current validity of the information provided therein. Nevertheless, the Publishers and the Authors shall not be held responsible or liable in any way whatsoever for any omissions or errors contained herein, whether due to timing of the release of the updated editions or for any other reason.