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Bath and Body Luxuries : Recipes for Pampering Yourself and Others
Por Ololade Franklin
Acciones del libro
Comenzar a leer- Editorial:
- Lulu.com
- Publicado:
- Mar 29, 2011
- ISBN:
- 9781257190225
- Formato:
- Libro
Descripción
Acciones del libro
Comenzar a leerInformación sobre el libro
Bath and Body Luxuries : Recipes for Pampering Yourself and Others
Por Ololade Franklin
Descripción
- Editorial:
- Lulu.com
- Publicado:
- Mar 29, 2011
- ISBN:
- 9781257190225
- Formato:
- Libro
Acerca del autor
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Bath and Body Luxuries - Ololade Franklin
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Section 4
Abbreviations and Units Of Measure
Abbreviations
gm = gram
ml = milliliter
lb = pound
tsp = teaspoon
tbsp = tablespoon
oz = ounce (measured by weight)
fl oz = fluid ounce (measured by volume where 8 fl oz = 1 cup)
English Units Of Volume
1 cup = 8 fl oz
1 cup = 48 tsp
1 cup = 16 tbsp
1 tsp = 1/48 cup
1 tsp = 1/3 tbsp
1 tsp = 1/6 fl oz
1 tbsp = 1/16 cup
1 tbsp = 3 tsp
1 tbsp = 1/2 fl oz
English Units Of Weight
1 oz = 1/16 lb
1 1b = 16 oz
Metric and English Equivalents, Units Of Volume
1 tsp = 5 ml
1 tbsp = 15 ml
1 cup = 236.5 ml
1 fl oz = 29.56 ml
Metric and English Equivalents, Units Of Weight
1 oz = 28.35 g
Chapter 1
Ingredients, Mixing and Manufacturing, and Safety
One of the most enjoyable aspects of creating handmade bath and body care products is shopping for the different ingredients that you will use. Today’s craftsperson has a wide variety of ingredients to choose from. This section provides a brief overview of the ingredients used in this book.
Ingredients can be looked at as falling into five categories:
Fixed Oils
Water
Essential Oils and Fragrance Oils
Herbs and Herb-Based Ingredients
Cosmetic Chemicals and Other Cosmetic Ingredients
The following sections will look at each category in detail.
Section 1
Fixed Oils
Fixed oils are some of the most important ingredients used in cosmetics and soaps. Fixed oils are nonvolatile oils that are removed from plant seeds and fruit. Fixed oils are used as emollients in lotions and creams, and they are the primary ingredients used to make vegetable-based soaps. The term fixed
refers to the fact that these oils do not evaporate when exposed to air. Fixed oils are also called triglycerides because they are composed of fatty acids and glycerides (glycerin). Fatty acids are not harmful to the skin, but, in fact, they are moisturizers and emollients. Several different fatty acids exist in fixed oils. They go by several names including stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid and lauric acid. Each fixed oil contains a unique combination of fatty acids which give that oil specific characteristics. For instance, oils that contain a high percentage of stearic acid or lauric acid are solid (saturated) at room temperature and are sometimes referred to as butters or fats. Vegetable oils that consist primarily of oleic acid are liquid (unsaturated) at room temperature.
The following fixed oils are used in this book:
Castor Oil (Ricinus communis): A thick, clear viscous oil obtained from the seeds of the castor oil plant. It is used as an emollient in soaps and lotions. It also produces clarity in some soap recipes.
Cocoa Butter (Theobroma cacao): A thick butter that is expressed from the roasted seeds of the cocoa plant.
Coconut Oil (Cocos nucifera): A white semi-solid fat that comes from both the meat and the milk of the coconut. It is used to make lotions, creams and soaps.
Corn Oil (Zea mays): This oil is removed from corn kernels. Corn oil is high in vitamin E.
Olive Oil (Olea europaea): The oil obtained from the fruit of the olive tree. Olive oil is very moisturizing to the skin and is used in lotions, creams, shampoos and soaps.
Rose Hip Seed Oil (Rosa mosqueta): An oil that comes from the seeds of Rosa mosqueta rose hips. This oil is rich in transretinoic acid, a derivative of vitamin A that helps to maintain healthy skin.
Shea Butter (Butyrospermum parkii): Shea butter, also known as karite butter, comes from the nuts of the shea tree. It makes a wonderful addition to cosmetics, and can be used as a moisturizer all by itself.
Sunflower Seed Oil (Helianthus annuus): Sunflower seed oil is a clear, yellow oil that comes from the seeds of sunflowers.
Sulfated Castor Oil: This oil, also known as Turkey Red Oil, is castor oil that has been treated so that it disperses easily in water.
Vitamin E Oil: Vitamin E occurs naturally in vegetable oils. Another name for vitamin E oil is tocopherol. Vitamin E oil is removed from vegetable oils during the process of oil refinement.
Section 2
Water
Water is an essential ingredient in many soap and cosmetic products. In fact, the primary ingredient in many products is water. When a recipe calls for water, always use steam distilled water. Steam distilled water is made by boiling water, collecting the steam that rises and condensing the steam into water. As the steam rises, it separates from the impurities that were in the water. The resulting water, condensed from the steam, is of extremely high purity. Its purity makes steam distilled water the best type of water to use
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