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Gin: A Short History
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About this ebook
Gin is a drink deeply rooted in British culture. From 'Dutch Courage' to 'Gin Soaked', our language is full of expressions which reflect our gin drinking heritage. In the early eighteenth century, Britain was gripped by the Gin Craze, when the drink was dubbed 'mothers ruin', before becoming more respectable as advances in distilling led to a drink of higher quality and improved flavour. This led to the construction of lavish 'gin palaces' in the Victorian and Edwardian era. In recent years a twenty-first century renaissance in gin drinking and craft gin production has led to the drink once again rising high in the national consciousness. Uncovering the mysteries of gin manufacture and production, as well as its fascinating history, this book is a complete guide to Britain's tipple of choice.
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Book preview
Gin - Moses Jenkins
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
GIN PRODUCTION
EARLY HISTORY OF GIN
MOTHER’S RUIN: THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
RISING QUALITY: THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
RISE, FALL AND RISE AGAIN: GIN IN MODERN TIMES
FURTHER READING
PLACES TO VISIT
INTRODUCTION
Today cocktails use a wide range of innovative ingredients; in this case a cocktail has been made from gin and kombucha, a type of fermented tea drink, and garnished with cucumber and rose. (Getty Images)
Gin is, at its simplest, a neutral spirit imparted with flavour from a range of plant‑based materials referred to as botanicals, one of which must be juniper. If this was all there was to it, then gin would be just another one of many alcoholic spirits. The story of gin is, however, far more intriguing: it has undergone many changes in status and fortune in over 300 years since it was first drunk in Britain. The twists and turns of this intriguing history, as much as the botanicals used in its production, give gin the depth of flavour that have made it in recent decades a vastly popular drink once again. This book provides a short history of gin production and consumption in Britain and beyond.
The origins of gin can be traced to the use of juniper as a medicinal plant in the ancient world and in the use of alcoholic tonics in later centuries; when these were combined the ancestors of gin were created. Consumption of juniper‑flavoured spirits for recreation was first seen in the Netherlands and Belgium where the spirit still known today as jenever is manufactured.
When gin consumption increased dramatically in Britain in the first half of the eighteenth century a moral panic was created. The spirit was blamed for all of society’s ills and it took almost fifty years to curb consumption. So strong is its association with degenerate behaviour that gin has provided the English language with several phrases from that era, such as ‘gin‑soaked’, ‘gin joint’ and ‘gin mill’, none of which have particularly positive connotations.
However, new technology in the nineteenth century enabled gin producers to improve the quality of gin on an industrial scale, leading to the development of London Dry gin. American influences led to the use of gin in cocktails so that by the 1920s it had entered a golden age of consumption and popularity.
Tastes would change in the decades after the Second World War and gin was in the doldrums for some time. The last twenty years, however, have seen the spirit soar in popularity once again. Craft producers and large distillers alike are today making gins of a quality and diversity never seen before.
From medicinal tonic to imported luxury, corrupter of the young to the basis for stylish cocktails and today a crafted product of distinction, gin is the most intriguing, versatile and adaptable spirit that can be found.
AVIATION
INGREDIENTS
60ml gin
15ml maraschino liqueur
7.5ml crème de violette
25ml lemon juice
METHOD
Add ingredients to a shaker with ice. Shake then strain into a cocktail glass. Garnish with a brandied cherry.
An Aviation cocktail, ready to drink, the beautiful colour coming from crème de violette. The cocktail was made in America before prohibition and has recently seen a revival in popularity. (© Erich Wagner (www.eventografie.de)/CC‑BY‑SA‑4.0)
GIN PRODUCTION
A pot still used in the manufacturing of gin. Although this is an older type of still than the continuous still, it is widely used today, particularly in craft gin manufacturing. (Getty Images)
The manufacture of gin involves taking a base spirit and flavouring it with extracts from organic material known as botanicals. This chapter provides a summary of how this process is carried out, and explores some of the intriguing stories behind it.
DISTILLATION AND BASE SPIRITS
Gin starts life as a neutral alcoholic base spirit, formed by distilling a source of ethanol. In gin production this base spirit is normally formed from a fermented wash of grain. This wash is then heated in a still with vapour rising into a
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