Oceans and Seas!: With 25 Science Projects for Kids
By Anita Yasuda and Tom Casteel
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About this ebook
Why is the ocean important for humans and for the Earth?
Did you know that the ocean covers 70 percent of the surface of the earth? And scientists have only explored a very small part of it!
In Oceans and Seas! With 25 Science Projects for Kids readers ages 7 though 10 dive into the underwater world of some of the most amazing landscapes on Earth. On this amazing underwater adventure, kids experience the ocean’s tropical reefs and spot crabs, sea sponges, and thousands of kinds of fish darting in its crags and folds. They’ll meet a giant squid with eyes the size of dinner plates and an umbrella-like bioluminescent jellyfish.
Through fun facts, engaging illustrations, links to primary sources, timeline, glossary, and resources, readers will be challenged to think about how ocean creatures and plants survive and depend on each other from the sunlit surface to the seafloor, where sunlight does not exist. Student-led STEAM activities, such as building a submarine and creating an ocean in a bottle, use the framework of the scientific method to reinforce learning and enhance critical and creative thinking skills as kids learn about efforts to conserve these incredible creatures and their habitats.
Oceans and Seas! is part of a set of four Explore Waterways books from Nomad Press. In the Explore Waterways set, readers ages 7 to 10 learn about the waterways of our world, including the what, where, how, and who about the origination, content, and aquatic life that water contains. Through science-minded STEAM projects and experiments that encourage readers to think of waterways as part of a larger ecosystem, kids develop critical and creative thinking skills about the role waterways play in our world.
Titles in the Explore Waterways set include Marshes and Swamps! With 25 Science Projects for Kids; Lakes and Ponds! With 25 Science Projects for Kids; Oceans and Seas! With 25 Science Projects for Kids; and Rivers and Streams! With 25 Science Projects for Kids.
Nomad Press books in the Explore Your World series for children ages 7–10 integrate content with participation. Common Core State Standards, the Next Generation Science Standards, and STEM Education all place project-based learning as key building blocks in education. Combining content with inquiry-based projects stimulates learning and makes it active and alive. Nomad’s unique approach simultaneously grounds kids in factual knowledge while allowing them the space to be curious, creative, and critical thinkers.
Anita Yasuda
Anita Yasuda is the author of more than one hundred books for children. She lives with her family and her dog in Huntington Beach, California.
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Oceans and Seas! - Anita Yasuda
Titles in the Explore Waterways Set
Check out more titles at www.nomadpress.net
Nomad Press
A division of Nomad Communications
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Copyright © 2018 by Nomad Press. All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from
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and the Nomad Press logo are trademarks of Nomad Communications, Inc.
Educational Consultant, Marla Conn
Questions regarding the ordering of this book should be addressed to
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CONTENTS
What Lives in Oceans and Seas?
Introduction
What Are Oceans and Seas?
Chapter 1
Ocean Connections
Chapter 2
Extraordinary Exploration
Chapter 3
Creatures of the Deep
Chapter 4
Ocean Plants
Chapter 5
Oceans, Weather, and Climate
Chapter 6
Conservation Challenge
Glossary*Metric Conversions
Resources*Essential Questions*Index
Interested in primary sources? Look for this icon. Use a smartphone or tablet app to scan the QR code and explore more! Photos are also primary sources because a photograph takes a picture at the moment something happens.
You can find a list of URLs on the Resources page. Try searching the internet with the Keyword Prompts to find other helpful sources.
KEYWORD PROMPTS
WHAT LIVES IN OCEANS AND SEAS?
Many plants and animals make their homes in oceans and seas. Here is a glimpse of just a few—you’ll meet many more in the pages of this book!
INTRODUCTION
WHAT ARE OCEANS AND SEAS?
Imagine piloting your own submarine. You’re eager to grab the control stick. You push it forward, and the bright yellow sub picks up speed. Your heart races as you plunge into the largest ecosystem on Earth—the ocean! There is no turning back now!
Outside the large glass window, a school of blue striped fish swirls past. Leaf-like creatures are beating their fins like birds. And are those balls of dancing jelly? You steer the sub past towering rocks covered with blankets of orange sponges.
WORDS TO KNOW
ecosystem: a community of living and nonliving things and their environment. Living things are plants, animals, and insects. Nonliving things are soil, rocks, and water.
ocean: a large body of salt water that surrounds the earth’s continents.
salt water: water with a large amount of salt in it.
continent: one of the earth’s largest land areas, including Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America.
Down, down you go, until you’re nearly at the bottom of the ocean. What could that noise be? You peer into the inky blackness. Is that an eye the size of a dinner plate looking back at you? Your adventure in the ocean has begun!
WHAT IS THE OCEAN?
Salt water covers 75 percent of the earth’s surface. This water is contained in the earth’s huge global ocean. The ocean is so big that it wraps all the way around our planet! Whether you splash in the waves off Maine, surf in Australia, or hike along a coastline in the Arctic, you’re in the same world ocean. That’s how large the ocean is! It’s easy to see why the earth’s nickname is the Blue Planet.
A PICTURE OF EARTH FROM SPACE IN 1972
CREDIT: NASA/APOLLO 17 CREW
When you look at a world map, you see seven large continents. The continents divide the ocean into five main areas of salt water. These are the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern Oceans.
WORDS TO KNOW
port: a place where ships can load and unload.
monsoon: a wind system in Asia that brings heavy rains for one part of the year and almost no rain the rest of the year.
weather: the temperature, rain, and wind conditions of an area, which change daily.
The largest of the five oceans is the Pacific Ocean. It covers more than 60 million square miles. That’s enormous! If the continents were puzzle pieces, they could all fit in the Pacific Ocean.
An area around the Pacific Ocean is famous for volcanoes and earthquakes. It’s called the Ring of Fire. There are more than 450 active volcanoes here. The Pacific Ocean has more volcanoes than anywhere else.
The second-largest ocean is the Atlantic Ocean. It flows between the icy North and South Poles and covers 31 million square miles. The Atlantic Ocean coastline zigs and zags, forming many natural harbors and ports. The Atlantic is the busiest ocean.
DID YOU KNOW?
The Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans are home to the biggest fish in the world—the whale shark. It can weigh up to 75,000 pounds and is covered with tooth-like scales.
The warm waters of the Indian Ocean flow past more than 37 countries. This ocean takes its name from one of these countries—India. The Indian Ocean covers slightly more than 28 million square miles. In the winter, monsoon winds bring warm, dry weather across the Indian Ocean. If you sail these waters in the summer, you will find wet and stormy weather.
WORDS TO KNOW
constellation: a group of stars that form a pattern.
Northern Hemisphere: the half of the earth north of the equator.
equator: an invisible line around the earth that is