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    The Watchmakers's and jeweler's Hand-Book: A Concise yet Comprehensive Treatise on the "Secrets of the Trade" - A Work of Rare Practical Value to Watchmakers, Jewelers, Silversmiths, Gold and Silver-Platers, Etc
    The Watchmakers's and jeweler's Hand-Book: A Concise yet Comprehensive Treatise on the "Secrets of the Trade" - A Work of Rare Practical Value to Watchmakers, Jewelers, Silversmiths, Gold and Silver-Platers, Etc
    The Watchmakers's and jeweler's Hand-Book: A Concise yet Comprehensive Treatise on the "Secrets of the Trade" - A Work of Rare Practical Value to Watchmakers, Jewelers, Silversmiths, Gold and Silver-Platers, Etc
    Ebook101 pages52 minutes

    The Watchmakers's and jeweler's Hand-Book: A Concise yet Comprehensive Treatise on the "Secrets of the Trade" - A Work of Rare Practical Value to Watchmakers, Jewelers, Silversmiths, Gold and Silver-Platers, Etc

    By C. Hopkins

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    About this ebook

    This vintage book contains a reference book of recipes and processes commonly used by watchmakers, jewellers, silversmiths, etc. Although old, much of the information contained within this volume is timeless and will be of considerable utility to modern craftsmen and enthusiasts. Contents include: Improved Processes of Gold and Silver Plating, Without a Battery, Gold Solution for Sixteen-Carat Plate, Silver Solution, General Directions for Use, To Plate with a Battery, To Make Reddish-colored Gilding, of Twelve, Fourteen, Sixteen, or Eighteen-Carat fine, To make Gold and Silver Powders, for Light Gold and Silver Plating, etc. Many vintage books such as this are increasingly scarce and expensive. We are republishing this volume now in an affordable, modern edition complete with a specially commissioned new introduction. This book was first published in 1886.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherWhite Press
    Release dateAug 25, 2017
    ISBN9781473339590
    The Watchmakers's and jeweler's Hand-Book: A Concise yet Comprehensive Treatise on the "Secrets of the Trade" - A Work of Rare Practical Value to Watchmakers, Jewelers, Silversmiths, Gold and Silver-Platers, Etc

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      Book preview

      The Watchmakers's and jeweler's Hand-Book - C. Hopkins

      THE

      WATCHMAKER’S AND JEWELER’S

      HAND-BOOK:

      A CONCISE YET COMPREHENSIVE TREATISE

      ON THE

      SECRETS OF THE TRADE.

      A WORK OF RARE PRACTICAL VALUE TO

      WATCHMAKERS, JEWELERS, SILVERSMITHS,

      GOLD AND SILVER-PLATERS, Etc.

      BEING DESIGNED AS A RELIABLE BOOK OF REFERENCE, IN WHICH MAY BE FOUND IN INTELLIGIBLE FORM, THE BEST AND MOST APPROVED PROCESSES KNOWN IN THESE IMPORTANT TRADES, TOGETHER WITH OTHER VALUABLE MATTER, ADAPTING THE WORK TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF A GENERAL WATCH, JEWELRY, AND FANCY GOODS BUSINESS.

      By C. HOPKINS.

      Copyright © 2013 Read Books Ltd.

      This book is copyright and may not be reproduced or copied in any way without the express permission of the publisher in writing

      British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

      A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

      A History of Clocks and Watches

      Horology (from the Latin, Horologium) is the science of measuring time. Clocks, watches, clockwork, sundials, clepsydras, timers, time recorders, marine chronometers and atomic clocks are all examples of instruments used to measure time. In current usage, horology refers mainly to the study of mechanical timekeeping devices, whilst chronometry more broadly included electronic devices that have largely supplanted mechanical clocks for accuracy and precision in timekeeping. Horology itself has an incredibly long history and there are many museums and several specialised libraries devoted to the subject. Perhaps the most famous is the Royal Greenwich Observatory, also the source of the Prime Meridian (longitude 0° 0' 0"), and the home of the first marine timekeepers accurate enough to determine longitude.

      The word ‘clock’ is derived from the Celtic words clagan and clocca meaning ‘bell’. A silent instrument missing such a mechanism has traditionally been known as a timepiece, although today the words have become interchangeable. The clock is one of the oldest human interventions, meeting the need to consistently measure intervals of time shorter than the natural units: the day, the lunar month and the year. The current sexagesimal system of time measurement dates to approximately 2000 BC in Sumer. The Ancient Egyptians divided the day into two twelve-hour periods and used large obelisks to track the movement of the sun. They also developed water clocks, which had also been employed frequently by the Ancient Greeks, who called them ‘clepsydrae’. The Shang Dynasty is also believed to have used the outflow water clock around the same time.

      The first mechanical clocks, employing the verge escapement mechanism (the mechanism that controls the rate of a clock by advancing the gear train at regular intervals or 'ticks') with a foliot or balance wheel timekeeper (a weighted wheel that rotates back and forth, being returned toward its centre position by a spiral), were invented in Europe at around the start of the fourteenth century. They became the standard timekeeping device until the pendulum clock was invented in 1656. This remained the most accurate timekeeper until the 1930s, when quartz oscillators (where the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal is used to create an electrical signal with a very precise frequency) were invented, followed by atomic clocks after World War Two. Although initially limited to laboratories, the development of microelectronics in the 1960s made quartz clocks both compact and cheap to produce, and by the 1980s they became the world's dominant timekeeping technology in both clocks and wristwatches.

      The concept of the wristwatch goes back to the production of the very earliest watches in the sixteenth century. Elizabeth I of England received a wristwatch from Robert Dudley in 1571, described as an arm watch. From the beginning, they were almost exclusively worn by women, while men used pocket-watches up until the early twentieth century. This was not just a matter of fashion or prejudice; watches of the time were notoriously prone to fouling from exposure to the elements, and could only reliably be kept safe from harm if carried securely in the pocket. Wristwatches were first worn by military men towards the end of the nineteenth century, when the importance of synchronizing manoeuvres during war without potentially revealing the plan to the enemy through signalling was increasingly recognized. It was clear that using pocket watches while in the heat of battle

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